Unit 2 Growing pains and gains 知识清单 2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

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Unit 2 Growing pains and gains 知识清单 2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

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八年级下册 Unit2 Growing pains and gains知识清单
词汇拓展
1.promise v.许诺;保证;答应;n.保证;承诺;诺言
教材原句 Yes,I promised to be back before 9 tonight.是的,我保证今晚9点前回来。
常见用法 promise 作为动词,意为“承诺;保证”,其后可接名词、代词或从句,也可用于短语promise to do sth. 中。
I promise I can win.我保证我能赢。
We promise to bring them to the cinema.我们承诺带他们去看电影。
背例句·学搭配
I want you to promise me one thing.我要你答应我一件事。
She promises a model plane to me for my birthday。她承诺会在我生日的时候送我一个模型飞机。
联想拓展 promise sb sth/promise sth to sb承诺某人某事/某物
promise还可作名词,意为"承诺;诺言",是可数名词。常用搭配有:(1)break one's promise 食言(2)make a promise 承诺;许诺(3)fulfil/keep a promise 信守诺言
2.realise v.知道;明白;认识到;顿悟
教材原句 On my way back, I realised that my phone was at Jiacheng's house。在回去的路上,我意识到我的手机在嘉诚(音译)家里。
常见用法 realise作及物动词,意为"认识到;意识到",一般不用于进行时。realise也可写作realize.
I realised that I was lost。我意识到我迷路了。
联想拓展 realise作及物动词,还可意为"实现"。 He never realised his dream of becoming a singer。他从未实现成为一名歌手的梦想。
3.disagreement n.意见不和;分歧;争论
教材原句 ...I had a disagreement with my parents.......我和父母产生了分歧。
常见用法 disagreement是agreement的反义词,意为"意见不和;分歧".
We had a big disagreement.我们有一个很大的分歧。
4.disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的
教材原句 Back then,I was so disappointed at being too short and failing to get on the basketball team。那时候,我因为 太矮和没能加入篮球队而感到非常沮丧。
常见用法 disappointed意为"失望的;沮丧的"。
联想拓展
disappointed的常用搭配:
be disappointed with sb对某人失望
be disappointed at/about sth 对某事失望
be disappointed to do sth做某事失望
Kate was disappointed at/about the result.凯特对这个结果很失望。
I was disappointed to find that they had left already。我发现他们已经离开了,觉得很失望。
易混辨析 disappointed 与 disappointing 的用法区别
易混词 意义及用法 例句
disappointed 意为"失望的",主语通常是人。 The girl may be disappointed.那个女孩可能会失望。
disappointing 意为"令人失望的",通常修饰事物。 The news is too disappointing.这个消息太令人失望了。
5.fail v.失败;未做到
教材原句 Back then, I was so disappointed at being too short and failing to get on the basketball team。那时候,我因为 太矮和没能加入篮球队而感到非常沮丧。
常见用法 fail在此处作动词,意为"失败;未能达到",常用短语为fail to do sth,表示"未做到某事"。
I failed to work out the problem.我没能解决这个问题。
背例句·学搭配
I failed the test, so I was very sad.我考试没及格,所以我很伤心。
I failed my driving test the first time I took it.我第一次驾照考试没及格。
搭配收藏 sb fails sth某人未能通过某事(sth多指考试,测验等,fail作及物动词)
联想拓展 failure是名词,意为"失败;失败者"。 I always felt a bit of a failure at school.我上学时总觉得自己有点失败。
6.worried adj.担心的
教材原句 Mum is sitting in the living room, worried。妈妈正坐在客厅里,很担心。
常见用法 worried作形容词,意为"担心的;焦虑的",常用短语 be worried about意为
"担心......".
She is worried about her English exam.她担心她的英语考试。
7.stay v.待;停留
教材原句 The promise wasn't kept, so you can't stay out late next time。承诺没有兑现,所以下次你不能在外面待到很晚。
常见用法 stay是不及物动词,意为"待;逗留",其第三人称单数形式为stays。stay at home意为"待在家里"。
Don't stay out too long.不要在外面待得太久。
We often stay at home to play games.我们经常待在家里做游戏。
联想拓展 stay的其他用法:
(1)用作连系动词,意为"保持"。
The coat can help you stay warm.这件大衣能帮你保持温暖。
(2)用作可数名词,意为"停留;逗留"。
Jim's father wants to make a short stay in Tianjin。吉姆的爸爸想在天津做短暂停留。
8.pick up 拿起;举起
教材原句 After that I ran to pick up my phone and came home。在那之后我跑去拿 我的手机,然后回家。
常见用法 pick up意为"拿起:举起",是动词pick加副词up构成的动词短语。名词作其宾语时,可放在up的后面或pick与up中间;而代词作其宾语时,只能放在该短语的中间。
Pick it up and bring it here.捡起它并把它带到这里来。
联想拓展
(1)pick作动词,意为"挑选"。
Pick anything you like, and I'll buy it for you.挑选你喜欢的任何东西,我将给你买它。
(2)pick up 还可表示"整理;收拾"。 Let's pick up the living room.咱们收拾一下客厅吧。
(3)pick up还有"搭载;接载"的意思。
My mother will pick me up after work.我妈妈下班后会来接我的。
句式
一、until 引导的时间状语从句
教材原句 I waited with her until she was taken home by a policewoman.我和她一
起等,直到她被一位女警察送回家。
句式结构 until在教材原句中用作连词,意为"到......时;直到......为止",与till同义,until/till前面的动词为延续性动词。
He waited until/till the children fell asleep.他一直等到孩子们入睡。
联想拓展 (1)until/till也可以用作介词。
I will stay here until/till twelve o'clock.我将待在这里直到十二点。
(2)"not...until/till"意为"直到......才......",until/ till前面的动词通常为非延续性动词。
He didn't come until/till late in the morning.他直到早上很晚才来。
The bus won't go until/till all the people get on it。公共汽车要等到所有人都上车后才走。
二、what引导的特殊疑问句
教材原句 What is the key problem for them 对他们来说,关键问题是什么
句式结构 (1)what引导的特殊疑问句中,当谓语动词是be动词时,通常用"What+be+主语(人/事物)(+其他) "结构,其中be动词的数要与其后主语的数保持一致。
(2)what可单独引导特殊疑问句,也可与名词连用引导特殊疑问句。例如:对颜色提问用what colour,对时间提问用 what time,询问班级用what class。
(3)what引导的特殊疑问句,如果谓语是be动词,回答方法如下:
当主语是you时,回答用"I'm.../We're...";
当主语是第三人称单数时,回答用"It's.../He is.../She is...";
当主语是复数时(第一,二人称除外),回答用"They're..."。
What is this 这是什么 (询问物品)
What colour is your pen 你的钢笔是什么颜色的 (询问颜色)
What time is it 现在几点了 (询问时间)
What class are you in 你在哪个班 (询问班级)
-What are you reading 你在阅读什么 -I'm reading a novel。我在读一本小说。
-What colour is your jacket 你的夹克衫是什么颜色的 -It's black。它是黑色的。
What are these 这些是什么 -They are my keys。它们是我的钥匙。
语法
一般过去时的被动语态
教材原句 (1)I checked and saw that a yellow band was attached to her wrist。我检查并看到她的手腕上系着一条黄色的带子。
(2)I waited with her until she was taken home by a policewoman,我和她一起等,直到她被一个女警察送回家。
一般过去时的被动语态的结构为:主语+was/ were+动词的过去分词+其他
(1)肯定句式:主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词+其他。
Many people believe that tea was first drunk nearly 5,000 years ago。许多人认为茶在差不多5,000年前第一次被饮用。
(2)否定句式:主语+was/were not+及物动词的过去分词+其他。
But at that time, it wasn't used widely.但是在那时,它没有被广泛使用。
(3)一般疑问句句式:Was/Were+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他
Was English studied (by us) every day (我们)每天都学习英语吗
(4)特殊疑问句句式(一般情况):疑问词+was/ were+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他
When was it invented 它是什么时候被发明的

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