资源简介

2026年厦门市中考总复习资料
英 语
目 录
第一部分：阅读理解能力提升 1
一、所属话题：与人相关 1
二、所属话题：方位、地点、交通 20
三、所属话题：日常生活活动 27
四、所属话题：卫生与健康 39
五、所属话题：语言与文化 52
六、所属话题：自然与环境 75
七、所属话题：社会及公益 94
八、所属话题：历史与政治 111
九、所属话题：安全与救护 123
十、所属话题：科学与技术 146
第二部分：基础知识归纳记忆示例 168
新目标英语七年级（上册） 168
新目标英语七年级（下册） 171
新目标英语八年级（上册） 174
新目标英语八年级（下册） 178
新目标英语九年级 181
第一部分：阅读理解能力提升
多元学习目标“知识与技能”部分
一级 二级 三级 备注
语言的 学习记忆 （知识） 听音输入 阅读输入 与人相关 1.个人基本信息 2.工作与职业 3.外貌与个性 4.特长兴趣爱好 5.生平事件故事 6.情绪情感
方位地点交通 1.常见物品和布局 2.建筑设施环境 3.交通行程
日常生活活动 1.日常起居 2.文体娱乐 3.互动交际 4.旅游度假 5.饮食 6.购物
卫生与健康 1.生理卫生 2.疾病与医疗 3.健身与健康
语言与文化 1.词句语法知识 2.故事等文学作品 3.音乐影视艺术 4.文化风俗习惯
语言的 交际应用 （技能） 口头表达 书面表达
自然与环境 1.气候与天气 2.人与自然 3.国家与民族
社会及公益 1.社会时事 2.公益活动 3.规章制度
历史与政治
安全与救护
科学与技术
注：本部分将根据上表的三级目标进行话题内容分类。
一、所属话题：与人相关
范文1
It’s not easy to be an astronaut’s son. I often wonder how my father ever had a son like me. I mean he’s so special and so good at everything he does. Even in middle school he was class president and captain of the football team.
　 Well，to be honest, I often dream about being some kind of hero or doing something special—like saving a child from a burning building or discovering a new star. I was daydreaming at school one morning when my teacher said there would be a Father’s Day writing competition.
When I got home，I started to write. “My father is an astronaut. ” No, that was the way others saw him. How did I see my father Hmm. I saw him sitting with me in the dark when I had a terrible dream. I remembered how he hugged me for hours when my dog Spotty was killed by a car. Yes, to me，he wasn’t just a world—famous astronaut. He was my dad.
　　 My parents and l went to school Thursday night. There were so many people in the big hall! The third prize was announced and it was not me.1 was relieved and disappointed at the same time. The second prize was announced. It was me.
　　1 went up to the stage and read what I had written，“My father’s son”. When I finished, all people stood up and cheered. I saw my father blowing his nose. Tears were running down my mother's face. Dad put his hand on my shoulder. “Son, this is the proudest moment of my life.”
It was the proudest moment of my life, too. Maybe I’ll never be a great hero or win a Nobel Prize, but it was enough just to be my father’s son.
（一）文章框架提取
（二）文章内容“点”相关词句归纳
功能点 词句
Lead-in 人物关系、背景 1. It’s not easy to be …’s son. 2. I often wonder how my father ever had a son like me.
Development 故事发展 3. I was …ing …when … said there would be a … 4. I remembered how he hugged me for hours when my dog was killed by a car.
Climax 高潮、转折 5. The second prize was announced. It was me. 6. Dad put his hand on my shoulder. “Son, this is the proudest moment of my life.”
Ending 结语、回味 7. It was the proudest moment of my life, too. 8. Maybe I’ll never be a great hero or win a Nobel Prize, but it was enough just to be my father’s son.
（三）阅读策略点拨
1. “人”是个大话题，贯穿英语学习的始终，从初始阶段的姓名、性别、年龄，到国籍、生日等个人基本信息，再到后来的家庭、朋友……继续进入学习中高级阶段，则涉及工作职业、外貌、个性，兴趣爱好、情绪情感、生平故事等内容了。
一般说来，与人相关的阅读篇章多为记叙或说明性文字，多重内容描述，时有情感抒发，偶见思辨评判。在阅读积累与人相关话题的篇章词句时，要注重共性与个性的把握。不同的人称、视角，对于人的关注点是不同的，比如，一位少不经事的少年，和一位饱经世事的老者，他们对人生的理解深刻程度和情感取向，可能判若云泥；而第一人称的代入性和第三人称的距离感，也可能造成截然不同的阅读体验。
此外，此话题既然特别基础，在阅读时就更宜与写作结合，从丰富的语料中提取好词好句，并加以积累内化，以有助于打下良好的书面表述基础。
“与人相关”话题下，我们分列了6个子话题：
（1）个人基本信息
（2）工作与职业
（3）外貌与个性
（4）特长兴趣爱好
（5）生平事件故事
（6）情绪情感
本文属于“与人相关”话题下（1）“个人基本信息”的子话题。
2. 关于介绍个人基本信息的篇章，其语篇结构一般有两种：
（1）综合泛泛罗列介绍个人的各方面信息，信息全而不深入；
（2）深入介绍个人基本信息中的某一方面，信息单一但较为深入。
本文属于第二种，介绍的是作者与父亲的关系和由此展开的一个故事。故事一般有明线和暗线，明线为故事的起承转合，暗线为人物心理的随之变化。所以在梳理文章脉络时，既应注重故事起承转合的关键词句，也要关注表达人物心理感受的关键词句。这些关键词句的整合、积累，有利于学生同一话题的进一步阅读和写作任务。
范文2
Have you seen the Hollywood movie Sherlock Holmes Holmes is a character created by British writer Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. His books were so popular that Holmes soon became “the most famous detective in the world”. What do you need to be a good detective The movie Sherlock Holmes will show you.
In this movie, this great detective faces a dangerous man, Lord Blackwood. Together with his best friend Dr. Watson, Holmes stops Blackwood’s plan to control the world with black “magic”.
Most of us are not as intelligent as Holmes. But we can also work out mysteries on our own. All we have to do is to follow some simple rules.
1. Justice is the most important. No matter how smart he or she is, the most important quality for a detective is being good. In the movie, Lord Blackwood and Sherlock Holmes are both very intelligent. The difference is that Lord Blackwood is a bad man and he does bad things. Holmes can beat him on the side of justice.
2. Have sharp eyes. Every bad man tries to cover up what he did. But not all things can be covered up easily. A good detective can discover clues hidden at crime scenes with sharp eyes. For example, Holmes can simply look at a man’s footprints and quickly find out his personal information like age and habits.
3. A good assistant is a great help. Even though Holmes has knowledge about many subjects, such as chemistry, botany and anatomy, he still needs Dr. Watson’s help to fight with him. We should also have someone to help you, especially if you don’t know as much as Holmes.
4. Logic is the key. A good detective never jumps to conclusions. When all the necessary clues are put together, you’d better think carefully. If you can’t work it out, don’t be afraid. Just take a deep breath and concentrate on thinking. Logic can help you discover missing clues.
（一）文章框架提取
（二）文章内容“点”相关词句归纳
功能点 词句
What 职业性质 1. the most famous … in the world 2. work out mysteries
How 能力培养 1. No matter how smart he or she is, the most important quality for a… is being…. 2. can simply look at…and quickly find out his personal information 3. …have someone to help you, especially if you don’t know as much as Holmes. 4. If you can’t work it out, don’t be afraid. 5. Just take a deep breath and concentrate on thinking.
（三）阅读策略点拨
1. 本文属于“与人相关”话题下“工作与职业”的子话题。其篇章，或记叙职场故事，或分析工作要素，或评价职场人生。
2. 关于工作与职业，一般围绕what和how两个方面来梳理语料。
What指的是职业性质方面的描述，how指的是如何培养职业能力。
在how下又可细分，可从个人思维品质、学业和资源准备、他人帮助等方面来进行相关词句的进一步分类、整合，在此基础上进行记忆、内化。
值得注意的是，还可以有why这个点，即为什么喜欢或愿意选择此职业。
范文3
Are you outgoing or shy Do you prefer to be alone or with people A research from the National Pen Company in the US says that your handwriting can tell about your personality according to how you space your letters, sign your name, etc.
Here are some of the study results:
Size
The size of someone’s handwriting can show the type of personality they have. People with small handwriting tend to(倾向于) be shy, careful and hard-working, while outgoing people who love attention will have large handwriting. People who write with a medium size are usually realistic, balanced and work well with others or by oneself.
Spacing between words
People who leave large space between words enjoy their freedom and don’t like to be crowded, while people who write words close together can’t stand to be alone.
Slant(倾斜)
If handwriting slants to the right, the person is open to new experiences and enjoys meeting new people. If handwriting slants to the left, that person tends to keep themselves to themselves. People whose handwriting doesn’t slant in either direction are logical and practical.
（一）文章框架提取
（二）文章内容“点”相关词句归纳
功能点 词句
书写与个性 表现 个性
Size & personality 1.People who write with a medium size 1.1. are usually realistic 1.2. balanced 1.3. work well with others or by oneself
Space & personality 2. People who leave large space between words 3. while people who write words close together 2.1. enjoy their freedom 2.2. don’t like to be crowded 3.0. can’t stand to be alone
Slant & personality 4. If handwriting slants to the right, the person is 4.1. open to new experiences 4.2. enjoys meeting new people
（三）阅读策略点拨
1. 本文属于“与人相关”话题下“外貌与个性”的子话题。这个话题与每个人息息相关，而中学生对于自己外貌和个性尤为关注，相关阅读篇章选择可有两种思路：
正：选择能让学生可以或多或少地“对号入座”的篇章，拉近距离感。
反：选择挑战学生日常认知的文章，增加新奇感。
2. “外貌”相对简单；语料较难、较丰富的是“个性”。
这类语篇的特点，或为记叙文，在故事经历中体现人物个性；或是说明文，通过一定的载体、工具介绍个性差异特点。
本文属于后者，通过笔迹分析这个工具来分析不同的个性特点。
在阅读时，大的方面要脉络清晰，小的细节要把握到位。在词句积累上可以由词、词组到句、语段。
范文4
My interest in cooking started when I was 11, partly thanks to my mother. She didn’t really like cooking and when she did cook. I didn’t like her food. Once I was watching something about cooking on TV and I thought I could do this, so I went to the bookstore and looked for the biggest cookbook I could find.
During a year, I had produced most of its recipes(食谱) and was ready for a bigger challenge(挑战). I wanted to create my own dishes and I started cooking for more people than just my family. To my joy, my parents allowed me to build a test kitchen. I did much cooking to test my dishes in it and my skill improved quickly. Later, my mom and I set up a dinner club that organized monthly events inside my home. Now as a teen chef (主厨), I have also cooked in top-class restaurants around the country. I am not doing it for the money, but because I love cooking.
Now I know that when you stop caring whether you'll be famous or do well, your dream will come to you. （2018年福建省卷）
（一）文章框架提取
（二）文章内容“点”相关词句归纳
功能点 词句
Interest in cooking My interest in… started when I was…, partly thanks to….
Looked for the biggest cookbook Once I was watching something about…, so I went to…and looked for….
Built a test kitchen During a year, I had produced most of it’s recipes and was ready for a bigger challenge. To my joy, my parents allowed me to build a test kitchen. Later, my mom and I set up a dinner club that organized monthly events….
Be a teen chef Now as a teen chef, I have also cooked in top-class restaurants…. I am not doing it for money, but because I love ….
Famous for cooking Now I know that when you stop caring whether you’ll be famous or do well, your dream will come to you.
（三）阅读策略点拨
1. 本文属于“与人相关”话题下“特长兴趣爱好”的子话题，话题贴近学生。
2. 本文篇幅不长，主要讲述作者十一岁时就对做饭产生兴趣，后来在母亲的帮助下，他创造了自己的菜肴，并建造了属于自己的实验厨房，实现主厨梦想的故事。
3. 阅读这类文章，可以顺着时间的推移，感受作者不断发展自己的兴趣，最终实现自己的梦想。
范文5
One pleasant evening, I was holding Grandpa’s hand and taking a walk in the park. “Where are the peanuts Give me now!” He suddenly said. How I wished I had some with me!“William, the monkeys are taking long to come out today. Wait till they smell the peanuts.”I knew he was lost in one of his memories again. I remembered the stories he told me of how he fed the monkeys when he was a kid. Then, he saw the goldfish! He acted as if he was seeing them for the first time.
Poor Grandpa! He fell ill with Alzheimer’s disease(阿尔茨海默症) last year. The doctor said it was a progressive brain disorder which could destroy ( 破 坏 ) a person’s memory. The patient might also not be able to make reasonable judgments(判断). The saddening part was that it was a lifelong disease. But when my parents invited him to stay with us, he refused and said he liked living alone. One day, he forgot to turn off the fire after cooking porridge. Luckily, one of the neighbors came to help him before the fire could spread.
It was then that my parents brought Grandpa to live with us. Often, he would forget my name and ask me who I was and what I was doing in his house. Each time I would answer softly, “It’s me, Ray, Grandpa!” Even if he had forgotten who I was, he would always be my beloved grandfather.
来源 2019福建省 词数 272 逻辑结构 分析方式 预估难度 0.58
（一）文章框架提取 Alzheimer’s disease
（二）文章内容“点”相关词句归纳
功能点 词句
a story about caring 1. One pleasant evening, I was holding Grandpa’s hand and taking a walk in the park.
2. I knew he was lost in one of his memories again. I remembered the stories he told me of how he fed the monkeys when he was a kid.
3. He acted as if he was seeing them for the first time.
4. He fell ill with Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默症) last year.
5. One day, he forgot to turn off the fire after cooking porridge.
6. It was then that my parents brought Grandpa to live with us.
7.Even if he had forgotten who I was, he would always be my beloved grandfather.
（三）阅读策略点拨
1. 本文属于“与人相关”话题下“情绪情感”的子话题，话题贴近学生。
2. 本文是篇故事类的记叙文，讲述作者的爷爷得了阿尔兹海默症与家人同住的事。将文中的人物和事件有机地连一起，表达了人物情感。
3. 阅读这类记叙文，可以根据文本故事的时间、地点、人物、事件等线索来抓住故事的核心。
范文6
Darrius was born with three fingers on his right hand and one on his left hand. He had to work hard to do things that were easy for others. Every time his classmates tried to help, he would say, “Thanks, but I can do it myself.” He learned to use the four fingers to do different things.
When Darrius was 10, he told his father that he liked piano(钢琴) music very much. “It's too bad you can't play,” his father said. But the boy took that as a challenge(挑战). “I will show people that I can,” he said to himself.
Months later, a neighbour gave him an old piano when she moved away. He taught himself to play the piano and practised for hours a day.
Darrius’s favourite piano music is River Flows in You by Yiruma, a Korean musician. It took Darrius a year to learn it. “I have to come up with my own way with only 4 fingers,” he said. When he succeeded, he felt so proud. Later he was lucky enough to play the music together with Yiruma at a famous concert hall! Yiruma encouraged Darrius to follow his dream of playing his own music. Darrius has made it. And his music is popular today.
“I may have a disability,” he says, “ but I don’t let it hold me back from anything.”
39. What did Darrius take as a challenge at the age of 10
A. Writing his music. B. Playing the piano. C. Giving a concert. D. Visiting a hall.
40. How long did it take Darrius to learn to play River Flows in You
A. A year. B. A month. C. A day. D. An hour.
41. Who encouraged Darrius to follow his dream
A. His classmate. B. His father. C. A neighbour. D. A musician.
42. What can we learn about Darrius from the text
A. He has a strong will. B. He bought himself a piano.
C. He gave up his dream. D. He only plays others’ music.
【参考答案】39. B 40. A 41. D 42. A
来源 2020安徽 词数 232 逻辑结构 按序方式 预估难度 0.75
（一）文章框架提取
（二）文章内容“点”相关词句归纳
功能点 词句
A story of Darius Beginning 1. Darrius was born with... 2. He had to work hard to do things that were easy for others. 3. He learned to use … to do different things.
Development 4. When Darrius was 10, he told his father that … 5. But the boy took that as a challenge
6. He taught himself to play the piano and practised for hours a day.
Climax 7. I have to come up with my own way with only 4 fingers… 8. Later he was lucky enough to play the music together with … 9. …encouraged Darrius to follow his dream of playing his own music.
Ending 10. I may have a disability, but I don’t let it hold me back from anything.
（三）阅读策略点拨
1. 本文属于“与人相关”话题下“生平事件故事”的子话题。这是一篇人物故事类阅读，主要介绍达里乌斯作为一个天生只有4个手指头的残疾人自强自信，不畏困难，刻苦努力最终实现梦想的事，用他的话说，“我可能有残疾，但我不会让残疾阻碍我做任何事情。”
2. 此为“人”这一话题中最重要的子话题，堪为“集大成者”。阅读题材可能涉及政治历史、文学艺术、影视娱乐、商业时尚、科技创造、校园生活等领域，或为名人之伟大生平，或为凡人之不凡经历。语言一般以记叙为主，兼涉议论评述。
3. 阅读这类文章，可以顺着时间的推移，感受作者不断挑战自我，最终实现自己梦想的经历和过程。解题时，可以根据时间线索查找对应事件的具体信息，并体会文章所想要表达的人物的良好品质和励志精神。
范文7
People say laughter is the best medicine, but sometimes too much of a good thing may not be so good. What happened to me last night made me deeply understand the meaning of that.
Last night I was alone at home. When I was watching a funny movie, I suddenly started laughing and couldn't stop myself.
At first, I was feeling good.
But after about 5 minutes, I came to know I wasn't going to stop at all. I began to feel a little worried.
Time for bed. But I couldn't sleep because I kept laughing. So I got up and started doing some housework. I cleaned my apartment, laughing hard. I washed all the dishes left over from dinner, still laughing crazily. I tried to hold my cat in my arms, but it ran away from me in fear. I spent the rest of the night in front of my computer, of course, still laughing.
When time finally came to get ready for work, I realized that I simply couldn't go to the office like that. I decided to call my boss for leave, but laughing was the only thing I could do on the phone.
After listening to my "lovely" laughter for a few minutes, my boss couldn't help shouting angrily,“ Are you mad You're fired(解雇) !"
Suddenly I woke up. Thank God! I just had a dream.
28. What happened last night made the writer ________.
A. understand something B. forget his pain
C. keep doing housework D. get a good job
29. When the writer was watching a movie, he suddenly started ________.
A. crying B. coughing C. jumping D. laughing
30. The cat ran away because ________.
A. it was going to sleep B. it was afraid of the writer
C. it wanted to have dinner D. it saw a mouse running
31. How did the writer's feelings change in the story
A. relaxed-angry-good B. good-excited-worried
C. good-worried-relaxed D. worried-good-angry
【参考答案】 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. C
来源 2020重庆A卷 词数 234 逻辑结构 按序方式 预估难度 0.80
（一）文章框架提取
（二）文章内容“点”相关词句归纳
功能点 词句
A story about a Dream Lead-in 1. laughter is the best medicine, but … 2. … made me deeply understand the meaning of that.
Beginning 3. When …, I suddenly started laughing and couldn't stop myself. 4. At first, I was feeling good.
Development 5. I began to feel a little worried. 6. I washed all the dishes left over from dinner, still laughing crazily. 7. I spent the rest of the night in front of my computer, still laughing.
Climax 8. I decided …, but laughing was the only thing I could do on the phone. 9. After listening to my "lovely" laughter, … couldn't help shouting angrily
Ending 10. Thank God! I just had a dream.
（三）阅读策略点拨
1. 本文属于“与人相关”话题下“情绪情感”的子话题, 话题贴近学生生活。
2. 关于情绪情感的语篇，一般可能有两种文体:
一是记叙文，在事件经历中体验情绪情感。
二是说明文，在科普分析中了解情绪情感。
本文就属于第一种，作者通过一个有趣的梦中故事，讲述因大笑不止而惨遭解雇的事情经过，说明任何事情或良好情绪都不能过度，否则将导致乐极生悲的结局。
3. 阅读这类文章，可以顺着事情发展的顺序，感受作者情绪变化的经历和过程。解题时，可以根据表达事情发展线索的关键词句查找细节信息，并代入人物去体验情绪情感的变化。
范文8
Dan's class know Dan is in the hall before they see him. He raps(说唱) when he passes in the hall. He raps when he comes into class. And he raps when he sits at his desk. He raps when he can and he raps about almost everything.
Dan joined in a rap competition at school. When Dan rapped, his friends clapped(鼓掌) for him. The kids thought his rapping was great. But could Dan win
Dan did win! Dan got the top place! All his classmates gave him a big hand. "Now Dan is a star in our school!" Mal said. Ben stood up and shook Dan's hand. "That was cool, Dan. You are a hero!"
Miss Mills said, "Dan did win! His next step is to rap on National Rap Star on TV. We can all give Dan a big hand." The class clapped and cheered for Dan. Miss Mills smiled.
Miss Mills and his classmates were excited, but Dan threw himself onto his chair, silent. Dan could not rap on TV. In class, Dan could not do his physics. He could not think. Dan was not a kid who got nervous a lot, but he did not wish to rap on TV. Could he be lucky again Anyway, who wanted to lose Dan thought perhaps he would not attend the national competition. Then he would not have to rap on TV.
Dan's friends sensed something was going on his mind. They planned to give him some help. When Dan got to class the next day, he saw a sign on the wall. It said, "Dan, just rap like in our classroom!" Dan smiled. “Perhaps it's not that hard to rap on TV." he thought.
24. How do Dan's classmates know he is in the hall before they see him
A. They hear him rap. B. They see a sign on the wall.
C. They hear him clap hands. D. They see the things on his desk.
25. Why didn’t Dan want to rap on TV
A. He got nervous a lot. B. He was afraid to lose.
C. He had improve his physics. D. He planned to cheer for others.
26. What do you think happened later according to the story？
A. Dan hated his friends for their push. B. Dan forgot what he should rap on TV.
C. Dan attended the national competition. D. Dan stopped rapping after the competition.
【参考答案】 24. A 25. B 26. C
来源 2020河北卷 词数 291 逻辑结构 分析方式 预估难度 0.65
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A story of Dan Dan keeps rapping 1. He raps when… He raps when…He raps when… 2. He raps when he can and he raps about almost everything.
Challenge 1 3. Dan joined in a rap competition at school. 4. Dan did win! Dan got the top place!
5. When Dan rapped, his friends clapped for him. 6. All his classmates gave him a big hand.
Challenge 2 7. Dan threw himself onto his chair, silent. 8. Dan could not ... In class, Dan could not ... He could not ...
9. Dan's friends sensed something was going on his mind. 10. They planned to give him some help.
（三）阅读策略点拨
1. 本文属于“与人相关”话题下“生平事件故事”的子话题，也与“特长兴趣爱好”相关，话题贴近学生生活。
2. 这是一篇人物故事类阅读，主要介绍男孩丹热爱说唱、刻苦练习，参加学校比赛获胜，收获朋友掌声与赞扬；随后准备参加高级别比赛，内心有所退缩，在朋友们的帮助下重获信心的事情。
3. 阅读本篇文章，应抓住两个事件中主要人物丹和朋友们的表现，分析人物行为变化的原因和心路历程，进而推测故事的后续发展趋势和可能的结局。还可以把握作者的写作意图，突出朋友间互相鼓励、互帮互助的主题，同时关注排比句式、人物对话和心理描写等写作手法。
范文9
When people discover that I work as a film and TV extra(临时演员), they always ask me the same questions: Emily, is it easy to get work Isn't it boring Do you get to meet famous actors Does it pay well My answers are pretty standard as well: Yes, sometimes, once in a while, and… kind of. The life of an extra is both more interesting and more boring than you might imagine.
Extras, who play the people in crowds, on streets, or in the background of indoors scenes, can come from all walks of life. Unlike many extras, I'm a trained actor. I do get real speaking roles, but work can be hard to come by if you're not a popular star. I'm registered(注册) with an agency that deals only with extras, so I get calls all the time. The agency explains who I'll be someone in a crowd, a member of a jury, a clerk and tells me where to go. Call time is usually bright and early, so I try to get to bed at a reasonable hour.
Sometimes being an extra is a "hurry up and wait" job. In my first extra role, I was one of a group of office workers who come out of a building just as a car explodes(爆炸) in the street. We waited for hours for the scene to be shot, and then went in and out of the building about fifty times, trying to act terrified by an explosion which was not real. Then we had lunch, changed clothes, and spent the afternoons as customers in a department store.
It may sound like I don’t enjoy the work, but I do. Being part of the background in a convincing(令人信服的) way is challenging, and being on a film or TV set is always fascinating. A lot of famous actors don't even notice the extras, but the ones who do make the job a lot of fun for everyone. As for the money, it's nothing compared to what the big actors make, but it pretty much pays the bills. And, as a bonus, I've beaten my high scores on all my phone games, thanks to all the time I spend sitting around, waiting for something to happen.
41. Emily gives standard answers because ______.
A. she is proud of her job B. she wants to hide her feelings
C. she thinks it's unnecessary to explain D. they are the exact answers to the questions
42. What does Emily think of her job
A. Busy. B. Enjoyable. C. Fashionable. D. Easy.
43. In line 21, another way to say as a bonus would be ______.
A. above expectation B. as a result C. in general D. after all
44. According to the passage, _____.
A. the famous actors look down upon the extras
B. being an extra is always a "hurry up and wait" job
C. Emily tells the truth about being a film and TV extra
D. those who want to be film or TV extras must be trained
45. We can infer that Emily ______.
A. often pays the bills for others
B. sometimes has to get up very early
C. has beaten all the phone game players
D. was in face of danger in her first extra role
【参考答案】41. C 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. B
来源 2020武汉卷 词数 391 逻辑结构 分析方式 预估难度 0.60
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Job: an extra 1. …I work as a film and TV extra… 2. The life of an extra is both more interesting and more boring than you might imagine.
What he needs 3. Unlike many extras, I'm a trained actor. 4. I'm registered with an agency that deals only with extras, so I get calls … 5. Call time is usually bright and early, so I try to get to bed at a reasonable hour.
How he works 6. Sometimes being an extra is a "hurry up and wait" job. 7. We waited for hours for …, and then went in and out of …, trying to act terrified …. 8. we had lunch, changed clothes, and spent the afternoons as customers in a department store.
How he feels 9. Being part of the background in a convincing way is challenging, and being on a film or TV set is always fascinating. 10. A lot of famous actors don't even notice the extras, but the ones who do make the job a lot of fun for everyone.
（三）阅读策略点拨
1. 本文属于“与人相关”话题下“工作与职业”的子话题。其篇章，或记叙职场故事，或分析工作要素，或评价职场人生。
2. 关于工作与职业，一般围绕what和how两个方面来梳理语料。What指的是职业性质、职业条件和职业内容方面的描述，how指的是如何培养职业能力、如何开展工作以及职业感受如何。
3.本文的阅读理解题型基本上属于推理判断题，解题时应围绕语篇结构，分析职业特点，抓住上下文联系和主要表达感彩的关键词，了解作者字里行间关于职业的态度、感受和评价，进而做出合理的推断。
范文10
In 2007, Barrington Irving became the youngest person to fly alone around the world. He was just 23 years old—and he built the plane himself. How did he achieve this
Irving's interest in flying started when he was 15. He was working in his parents’ bookstore in Miami, Florida. One of the customers was a pilot, Gary Robinson. One day, Robinson asked Irving if he was interested in flying. Irving didn't think he was smart enough. But the next day, Robinson took Irving to an airport. He showed Irving inside the cockpit(驾驶舱) of a Boeing 777. That experience changed Irving’s life.
Irving really wanted to fly, but flight school was expensive. To achieve his dream, he worked different jobs. He washed airplanes and cleaned swimming pools. At home, he practiced flying on a video game. In the end, he got enough money for flight school.
At flight school, Irving achieved his dream of learning how to fly. But he wasn’t finished. Next, he planned to build his own plane and fly alone around the world.
Building the plane was difficult. Irving asked more than 50 companies for airplane parts. Most said no, but he persisted(顽强地坚持) in asking. Three years later, he had parts worth $300,000. Columbia, an airplane company, agreed to build a plane using the parts. Soon, his airplane was ready to fly.
On March 23, 2007, Irving began his round-the-world trip. After 97 days—with 145 hours in the air—he landed back in Miami. A cheering crowd of people was there to welcome him.
Irving saw many young people in the crowd, and this had a powerful effect(影响) on him. He wanted to use his experience to help other young people achieve their own dreams.
“Everyone told me what I couldn’t do,” says Irving. “They said I was too young, that I didn’t have enough money. But even if no one believes in your dream,” he says, “you have to pursue(追求) it.”
37. Why was Gary Robinson important in Irving's life
A. He got Irving interested in flying. B. He sent Irving to a flight school.
C. He helped Irving build a plane. D. He taught Irving how to fly.
38. Put the events about Irving in the correct order.
a. Irving got the parts for his plane. b. Irving flew around the world,
c. Irving met Gary Robinson. d. Irving learned to fly.
A. c—d—a—b B. c—a—d—b C. b—c—a—d D. b—c—d—a
39. What can we know about Irving's personality according to the passage
A. Clever and honest. B. Humorous and responsible.
C. Polite and powerful. D. Hard-working and persistent.
40. What would be the best title for the passage
A. Becoming a Pilot. B. Life in Flight School.
C. Achieving a Dream. D. Building Your Own Plane.
【参考答案】 37. A 38. A 39. D 40. C
来源 2020江西卷 词数 342 逻辑结构 按序方式 预估难度 0.65
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Story of Irving Introduction & Lead-in 1. Irving became the youngest person to fly alone around the world. 2. How did he achieve this
Experiences & Achievements 3. Irving's interest in flying started when he was 15. 4. That experience changed Irving’s life. 5. To achieve his dream, he worked different jobs. 6. At flight school, Irving achieved his dream of learning how to fly. 7. he planned to build his own plane and fly alone around the world. 8. Most said no, but he persisted in asking. 9. Soon, his airplane was ready to fly. 10. A cheering crowd of people was there to welcome him.
Effect & Inspiration 11. He wanted to use his experience to help … achieve their own dreams. 12. even if no one believes in your dream, you have to pursue it.
（三）阅读策略点拨
1. 本文属于“与人相关”话题下“生平事件故事”的子话题。这是一篇人物故事类阅读，主要介绍巴林顿·欧文从开始对飞行感兴趣，到学会飞行，自制飞机，最后成为世界上最年轻的实现环球飞行者的励志故事，用他的话说，“即使没有人相信你的梦想, 你也必须去追求它。”
2. 此为“人”这一话题中最重要的子话题，堪为“集大成者”。阅读题材可能涉及政治历史、文学艺术、影视娱乐、商业时尚、科技创造、校园生活等领域，或为名人之伟大生平，或为凡人之不凡经历。语言一般以记叙为主，兼涉议论评述。
3. 阅读这类文章，可以顺着时间的推移和事件的推进，感受作者不断挑战自我，最终实现自己梦想的经历和过程。解题时，可以根据时间线索查找对应事件的具体信息，并体会文章所想要表达的人物的良好品质和励志精神。如第40题，虽然选项ABD均与文章内容相关，但都不足以概括文章的主要中心思想，只有选项C的“Achieving a Dream圆梦”能恰当地反映文章的主旨大意。
范文11
When I was in the eighth grade, my class was assigned(指派) to be friends with the second-grade kids. I got this little girl named Shelley. The first time I saw her, she was silent and cold. She was small for her age, and she didn’t play with the other kids in her class.
I tried all kinds of things to get her to talk to me. I bought her toys, crayons and candies. But try as I might, nothing worked. One day, I gave her a coloring book and said, “Shelley, now you can color in it any time.”
Shelley looked at the coloring book and then looked up at me, and finally looked away. By that, I didn't know how I was going to get through to the little girl, but I knew I wouldn’t give up on her.
One Friday, I decided to tell her a story about my childhood. I told her that l felt lonely when I was with my classmates, and how I thought only my teachers liked me. I also told her that every day was a battle(战役) for me and I fought back tears so people wouldn't know how much I was hurting.
She sat there just listening, trying to decide whether I was lying or not. Finally, when my story ended, there were tears in her eyes. And then she did the unthinkable. She said, “Thank you.” From then on, Shelley was a different little girl. She started smiling and talking with other kids.
Looking back at this, I’m in awe(惊叹), because all I did was to help her realize that she wasn't alone. I didn't ask her to tell her story, because her story is my story.
24. What was Shelley like when the writer first saw her
A. Cold. B. Lazy. C. Noisy. D. Slow.
25. In order to get through to Shelley, the writer _________.
A. wrote her a book B. made her a toy
C. drew her a picture D. told her a story
26. Shelley changed a lot because she realized that _________.
A. her teachers loved her B. her classmates were kind
C. the writer understood her D. she had to study even harder
【参考答案】 24. A 25. D 26. C
来源 2021北京卷 词数 296 逻辑结构 按序方式 预估难度 0.70
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Helping a little girl Beginning 1. When I was in…, …was assigned to … 2. The first time I saw her, she was silent and cold.
Development 3. But try as I might, nothing worked. 4. By that, I didn't know how I was going to get through to the little girl, but I knew I wouldn’t give up on her.
Climax 5. One Friday, I decided to tell her a story about my childhood. 6. …every day was a battle for me 7. I fought back tears so people wouldn't know how much I was hurting.
Ending 8. Finally, when my story ended, there were tears in her eyes. 9. And then she did the unthinkable. 10. …because all I did was to help her realize that she wasn't alone.
（三）阅读策略点拨
1. 本文属于“与人相关”话题下“外貌与个性”的子话题。这个话题与每个人息息相关，而中学生对于自己外貌和个性尤为关注，相关阅读篇章选择可有两种思路：
正：选择能让学生可以或多或少地“对号入座”的篇章，拉近距离感。
反：选择挑战学生日常认知的文章，增加新奇感。
2. “外貌”相对简单；语料较难、较丰富的是“个性”。
这类语篇的特点，或为记叙文，在故事经历中体现人物个性；或是说明文，通过一定的载体、工具介绍个性差异特点。
本文属于前者，讲述了一个内向冷漠的小女孩在作者的帮助下实现性格和情绪的良好变化的故事。文章既有对人物个性的描写，也有对情节发展的陈述。故事充满温情，又蕴含人生道理。在阅读时，大的方面要脉络清晰，小的细节要把握到位。
范文12
One wet, rainy April afternoon, Miss O’ Shay, the headmaster, sent for Nancy Lee to stop by her office as school closed. Pupils without umbrellas or raincoats crowded in doorways, hoping to make it home between showers. Outside the skies were grey. Nancy Lee’s thoughts were suddenly grey, too.
She did not think she had done anything wrong, yet that tight(紧的) little knot came in her throat just the same as she came near Miss O’ Shay’s door. Perhaps she had banged her locker too often and too hard. Perhaps the note in French she had written to Sallie halfway across the study hall just for fun had never got to Sallie, but into Miss O’ Shay’s hands instead.
She knocked on Miss O’ Shay’s door. That familiarly solid and competent voice said, “Come in.”
Miss O’ Shay had a way of making you feel welcome, even if you came to be punished.
“Sit down, Nancy Lee Johnson,” said Miss O’ Shay. “I have something to tell you.” Nancy Lee sat down. “But I must ask you to promise not to tell anyone yet.”
“I won’t, Miss O’ Shay," Nancy Lee said, wondering what on earth the headmaster had to say to her.
“You are about to graduate,” Miss O’ Shay said. “And we shall miss you. You have been an excellent student, Nancy, and you will not be without honors(荣誉) on the senior list, as I am sure you know.”
At that point there was a light knock on the door. Miss O’ Shay called out, “Come in,” and Miss Dietrich entered. “May I be part of this, too ” she asked, tall and smiling.
“Of course,” Miss O’ Shay said. “I was just telling Nancy Lee what we thought of her. But I hadn’t got around to giving her the news. Perhaps, Miss Dietrich, you’d like to tell her yourself.”
Miss Dietrich was always direct. “Nancy Lee,” she said, “your picture has won the Artist Club scholarship.”
The brown girl’s eyes widened, her heart jumped, then her throat tightened again. She tried to smile, but instead tears came to her eyes.
“Dear Nancy Lee,” Miss O’ Shay said, “we are so happy for you.” The elderly white woman
took her hand and shook it warmly while Miss Dietrich smiled with pride.
Nancy Lee must have danced all the way home. She never remembered quite how she got there through the rain. She hoped she had been calm. But certainly, she hadn’t stopped to tell anybody her secret on the way. Raindrops, smiles, and tears mingled on her brown face. She hoped her mother hadn’t yet got home and that the house was empty.
31. How did Nancy feel on her way to Miss O’ Shay’s office
A. Scared. B. Excited. C. Uncertain. D. Confident.
32. What can we infer from the passage about Nancy
A. She was Miss Dietrich’s best student. B. She would never tell anyone her secret.
C. She was often punished by the principal. D. She would try to hide feelings at home.
33. Which is the best title for this story
A. A New Star. B. The Girl. C. A Young Artist. D. The News.
【参考答案】 31. A 32. C 33. D
来源 2021无锡卷 词数 450 逻辑结构 按序方式 预估难度 0.50
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Nancy Lee’s Feelings Scared 1. Nancy Lee’s thoughts were suddenly grey, too. 2. …that tight little knot came in her throat...
Excited 3. Miss O’ Shay had a way of making you feel welcome, even if you came to be punished. 4. The brown girl’s eyes widened, her heart jumped, then her throat tightened again. 5. She tried to smile, but instead tears came to her eyes.
Pleased 6. Nancy Lee must have danced all the way home. 7. She never remembered quite how she got there through the rain. 8. Raindrops, smiles, and tears mingled on her brown face.
（三）阅读策略点拨
1. 本文属于“与人相关”话题下“情绪情感”的子话题, 话题贴近学生生活。
2. 关于情绪情感的语篇，一般可能有两种文体:
一是记叙文，在事件经历中体验情绪情感。
二是说明文，在科普分析中了解情绪情感。
本文就属于第一种，作者通过生动形象的文笔，描述了一个小女孩被叫到校长办公室告知好消息，心情由害怕到兴奋再到欣喜的过程。
3. 阅读这类文章，可以顺着事情发展或地点变化的顺序，感受作者情绪变化的经历和过程。解题时,可以根据表达事情发展线索的关键词句查找细节信息，并代入人物去体验情绪情感的变化。如第31题，我们可以通过第一段中关于天气状况的描写和“suddenly grey”，以及第二段中“tight little knot came in her throat”和心理活动的描写等细节，推测出Nancy的情绪是不安、紧张和害怕的。因此，本题应选A。
二、所属话题：方位、地点、交通
范文1
Smart home devices
Have you ever imagined that you could control lights and other devices by using an app That’s what a smart home aims to do. Here are three of the latest smart home devices that will make your home easier.
Smart light
This light bulb looks quite common. But after you turn it on, you’ll find that it is different---the color of the light can be changed. A US mobile device company designed it. All you need to do is download an app. Once you open the app, a color wheel offers millions of colors to choose from. The app also lets you control the lights, and a built-in speaker to hear music from your device’s music library. It can be used as an alarm clock and you can be woken up by the music or the light color you choose.
Smart clock
Sometimes we lose the keys to our house. But with this smart clock, you don’t have to worry about being locked out anymore. This smart clock lets you open the door with your smart phone in just a few seconds. Swiss designer Yves Behar made it. You’ll need an app and to get an account where you can name your locks. Then you can control your locks through the app. The account will also say whether a lock is locked or unlocked. It’s very user-friendly.
Smart toilet
A Japanese company designed a smart toilet that became a big attraction at the Consumer Electronic Show held in Las Vegas, US in January. The toilet doesn’t need an app, the internet or the Bluetooth. Instead, it has a smart home toilet sensor, which will automatically raise and lower the seat. No doubt the toilet does all the basics. Particularly, it has a good cleaning system, a warm air dryer, a heated seat and more. It saves energy and water, too.
来源 改编 词数 314 逻辑结构 例证方式+总分结构 预估难度 0.65
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总述 1. Have you ever imagined that you could control …by using an app 2. Here are three of the latest … that will make your home easier.
详述 评价 Light 1. This … looks quite common. 2. But after you …, you’ll find that it is different---the … can be changed. 3. It can be used as…
Clock 1. With this …, you don’t have to worry about …anymore. … 2. It’s very user-friendly.
Toilet 1. …became a big attraction… 2. Particularly, it has … 3. It saves energy and water, too.
（三）阅读策略点拨
1. “方位地点交通”这一话题，在语篇中容易和旅游、环保等话题内容结合，与日常生活密切相关。与第一大话题“人”涉“事”不同，本话题重在“物”之“用”。本话题下设3个子话题：
（1）常见物品和布局
（2）建筑设施环境
（3）交通行程
本文属于（1）“常见物品和布局”子话题。
2. 关于常见物品的介绍，着重在于对其功能的描述和评价，容易与时尚、科技、环保等方面挂钩。
本文是一篇智能家居产品的简介，主要描述了三种家居产品与一般产品相比其凸显的“智能”特色，阅读时对此应有清晰把握，则理解和做题应该不难。
值得一提的是，此类文章在对事物做出评价时，可能出现不同视角的问题，即文章作者视角、文中引用人物视角、阅读者视角可能并不一致，读者应在准确把握文意和题意的基础上予以作答。
范文2
With fuel costs rising and airlines finding more fees to impose on travelers every day, airfare isn’t getting any cheaper. Luckily, there are plenty of ways to find the most affordable fares and also avoid paying as many extra charges as possible when you plan ahead.
1 Airlines put out their fare sales on Tuesday morning, making this day the best day to book a flight for less.
2 Tuesday, Wednesday and Saturday are the slowest days to fly, which means cheaper deals than the rest of the week. You can also find reduced rates on early morning flights, since many people don’t like to get up before the sun to get to the airport.
3 Some airlines charge you to pick your seat when you book online, adding even more to the bottom line of your ticket cost. If you show up early on your travel day, you can still get suitable seats. Some of the best seats get held back until flight day, so unless others are willing to pay extra for them ahead of time, you still have the chance at one of those.
4 You already know that summer is the most expensive time to fly, and even though most other times are more affordable, the days surrounding holidays can be crazy. Save big if you’re willing to travel on major holidays, such as Thanksgiving and Christmas.
5 Book too early or too late and you could end up paying more than you need to. The best time to book is between three months and six weeks from when you want to travel.
A. Don’t wait until the last-minute to book. B. Fly during the least popular times. C. Get the best fare. D. Avoid Extra fees. E. Choose your seat later. F. Fly on major holidays.
参考答案：1-5: CBEFA
来源 2017河北模拟 词数 301 逻辑结构 分析方式 预估难度 0.63
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Tips on booking a cheaper flight Get best fare 1. Airlines put out …, making this day the best day to book a flight for less.
Proper flight time 2. …are the slowest days to fly, which means cheaper deals than the rest of the wee 3. You can also find reduced rates on …, since many people don’t like to …
Choose seat later 4. If you show up early on …, you can still get suitable seats. 5. …unless others are willing to pay extra for them ahead of time, you still have the chance at one of those.
Fly on holidays 6. Save big if you’re willing to travel on …, such as …
Best time to book 7. The best time to book is between … and … from when …
（三）阅读策略点拨
1. 本文属于“方位地点交通”话题下“交通行程”的子话题。如果说“常见物品和布局” 和 “建筑设施环境”偏于静态描述的话，“交通行程”就更有动态的意味了。其动态性，或以时空变化为线索，记录已完成的交通行程；或以思绪分辨为依据，策划将到来的交通行程。
2. 交通行程的语篇内容，容易与度假、旅游、周末活动等话题相关。
在阅读此类语篇时，要把握好人、时间、地点和交通方式之间的互动关系，即时间点和目的地的合理选择与无缝对接，交通方式的舒适程度、行程时间、所需费用，这一切最终回到“人”对此的接受和预期程度。
此类语篇通常以说明文为主，是信息社会的信息获取和决策模式在策划交通行程方面的体现；也有可能为记叙文，描述行程中的经历故事，借此抒发人生感悟。
3. 值得一提的是，此类语篇很容易设置补全所缺句子的任务型阅读题。完成此类题目，读者应具备准确的概括能力，把握好要点大意和具体展开阐释之间的各种逻辑关系。
范文3
Jiqing Street in Wuhan is a good place to try local food and experience the everyday life of local people. Since Wuhan was unlocked on April 8, there have been many people lining up at snack shops there.
In the evening, hundreds of street-side stalls(摊位) come out on the street and provide popular snacks and local food at low prices. Travelers can enjoy hot dry noodles, tasty chicken soup and Chinese dumplings... Don't miss Jiujiu duck necks. Chi Li, a popular writer, tells a love story of a beautiful lady who sells duck necks in this street in her novel Life Show. Thousands of people come to search for the scenes (场景) in the novel.
Local people like to order several best-known dishes and some bottles of beer and spend their evening time with friends there. For travelers, another exciting thing is the folk music performed by folk musicians at your table. You can enjoy delicious food when listening to music.
With the street becoming busy, the city began to breathe again.
24. Jiqing Street is a good place to________.
A. study English B. try local food
C. tell love stories D. go skating
25. According to the passage, Chi Li mentions________ in her novel Life Show.
A. Chinese dumplings B. hot dry noodles
C. chicken soup D. duck necks
26. How do you understand the underlined part "the city began to breathe again" in the last paragraph
A. The air becomes fresh again. B. The water gets clearer.
C. The city becomes lively again. D. The food gets nicer.
27. The material is probably from________.
A. a travel website B. a history book
C. a science magazine D. a dictionary
【参考答案】24. B 25. D 26. C 27. A
来源 2020 重庆A卷 词数 178 逻辑结构 分析方式 预估难度 0.70
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Jiqing Street in Wuhan A good place 1. … is a good place to try … and experience … of local people. 2.Since …, there have been many people lining up at …
Popular local food 3. hundreds of … come out on …and provide popular … at low prices. 4. Thousands of people come to search for …
Everyday life 5. Local people like to order … and spend … with friends there. 6. For travelers, another exciting thing is … performed by …
City survives 7. With the street becoming busy, the city began to breathe again.
（三）阅读策略点拨
1. 本文属于“方位地点交通”话题下“建筑设施环境”的子话题。“建筑设施环境”，比起“常见物品和布局”来，空间范围延展开了，时间属性也更蕴藉其中，阅读时可以仔细体会比较。
2. “建筑设施环境”，着眼点在“用”，后面隐含的是“人”。人作为设计建造者、使用欣赏者，其意图、情感、记忆、思辨，使得建筑设施环境不仅具有工具性，更凸显人文性。阅读此类文章，要把握好主客体的互动关系，理清客观（事物）属性，理解主体（人）内涵。
3. 本文作者从一个亲历者和观察者的角色，审视一个城市的某个街区在疫情后的民生状态，表达一个城市经历劫难和困难后重返新生的良好状态，通过街区一个个鲜活的场景来反映安定生活和良好秩序的来之不易，从而突出全民同舟共济，共同抗疫，让生活重回正轨的壮举。
范文4
______ For more than seventy years, researchers and teachers have studied the link between the place where students choose to sit in class and what they are like as people and learners. Where do you usually decide to sit Have you ever really thought about the reasons for your decision
______ But is this really true Well, some researchers say it is not. In fact, shy students often choose the back row because it is far away from the teacher and they don’t want to answer questions. At the back, students probably won't speak much, but in big classrooms, it can be hard to see the board and hear what the teacher is saying. This could be the reason why students who sit here often get lower grades on tests and exams. For students with poor eyesight or hearing, a seat at the back of the classroom is not a good choice.
______ However, they like watching and listening rather than joining in. These students are usually also very good at taking notes. Next time you miss a class, borrow notes from someone who sits here. On the sides of the classroom you will generally find modest and thoughtful people. These people usually get good grades in school and are interested in learning.
______ Then the statistics( 统计数据) say you probably like your teacher. You probably also have a good relationship with your classmates. Caring, outgoing and cheerful people usually sit in the middle. They are normally serious about learning and feel disappointed with low grades on tests and exams.
______ Students who sit here usually want to discuss things with the teacher and are often very interested in the subject. They want to be in the best place to see and hear everything the teacher does and says. The only problem with sitting here is that it can be difficult to see and hear what other students do and say in class. So, if you really want to hear what everyone says in class, choose a different place to sit.
A. You probably sit right at the front of the class if you’re longing for knowledge.
B. Research suggests that the seat you choose in the classroom says a lot about you and your personality.
C. Do you sit in the middle of the classroom
D. People often think that students who sit at the back are lazy.
E. Students who sit at the side of the classroom are normally interested in class.
来源 2019杭州 词数 303 逻辑结构 因果方式 预估难度 0.60
【参考答案】BDECA
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Effect Research suggests that ... says .... … have studied the link between…and…
Cause1 (personality) 1. In fact, shy students often choose … because it is … 2. It can be hard to …. 3. This could be the reason why …
Cause2 (personality) 1. However, they like…. 2. On the sides of the classroom you will generally find modest and thoughtful people.
Cause3 (personality) 1.The statistics say you probably like…. You probably also have …. 2.Caring, outgoing and cheerful people usually sit in the middle. 3. They are normally serious about… and feel disappointed with ….
Cause4 (personality) 1. Students who … are often very interested in…. 2. You probably sit… if you're longing for ….
（三）阅读策略点拨
1. 本文属于“方位地点交通”话题下“建筑设施环境”的子话题。这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了学生在教室里所选择的位置与学生性格之间的关系以及学生选择不同位置的原因。
2. 说明文阅读时重在把握说明对象，概括说明内容。可以通过看标题，看首尾段，看关键词句，看材料来着手。本文通过看文章的首段就可以理出本文话题主线，之后，通过看关键词句，就能了解文章各段的大意。此类语篇很容易设置补全所缺句子的任务型阅读题。完成此类题目，读者应具备准确的概括能力，把握好要点大意、上下文逻辑关系和具体展开阐释之间的对应关系。
范文5
Vicuna is a small town in the north of Chile. It is a great place for watching the stars. Although it is near the sea, the cold, wet air from the coast does not bring clouds. Instead, dry winds from the desert（沙漠）keep the clouds away at night. In fact, the skies are so clear in Vicuna that it is possible to see many stars. But these stars can be seen only with advanced（先进的）instruments in other parts of the world.
In Vicuna，distant（遥远的）star systems can be seen without the help of the instrument. That is why the town was chosen as the home of a number of observatories（天文台）. One of them, the Mamalluca, is quite different from the typical（典型的）observatories used by scientists. This observatory was built for tourists who like to look at the stars. During the year，Vicuna’s hotels accommodate（容纳）thousands of tourists who come from all over the world to see the night sky as they have only seen it in books. The cloudless sky is clearly a moneymaker for the town, which plans to set up even more observatories. It was recently decided that building observatories would go on for another few years.
At one point, however, the town faced a serious problem. As the town grew, more streetlights were added, making it more and more difficult to see the stars at night. The town saved the night sky by building a new system of lights. And it can light up the streets without influencing the view（观看）of the sky.
来源 2021天津河北模拟 词数 294 逻辑结构 例证方式 预估难度 0.65
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总述 1. It is a great place for...
详述 评价 Weather condition 2. Although it is ..., the cold, wet air from the coast does not bring... 3. Instead, ...keep... away... 4. In fact, the skies are so ...that it is possible to...
Home of observatories 5. That is why the town was chosen as... 6. It was recently decided that...
Problem and solution 7. At one point, however, the town faced a serious problem. 8. As..., more streetlights were added, making it more and more difficult to ... 9. The town saved... by...
（三）阅读策略点拨
本文属于“方位地点交通”话题下“建筑设施环境”的子话题。这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了Vicuna这座城市为什么能成为绝佳的观星地，以及随着城市的发展，观星过程中遇到的问题及解决措施。
此篇说明文开门见山点明文章主旨，即Vicuna这座城市是绝佳的观星地。通过看每一段的关键词可得知下文在解释原因，如第一段出现的关键词cloud,wind,sky等词，可以推论出是和天气有关的客观原因。第二段出现关键词observatory, tourist, hotel等，可以推论出是和旅游有关的主观原因。最后一段首句关键词problem。读者应该都知道这一段会写观星中出现的问题。除此之外，还要有意识地寻找下文是否有提到解决措施。
3. 虽然文章结构清晰，但是学生阅读还是有难度，主要是生词和长句较多。完成此类阅读，读者应具备提取句子主干来理解长句的能力。
三、所属话题：日常生活活动
范文1：Boring weekend
Growing up in the Midwest, I used to hate Sundays. There was the thought of going back to school on Monday morning and the homework that had to be finished on Sunday night. Nothing was open and no one was around. Sundays were always the same and dull.
After church, I’d have to get in the car and drive the ten miles to pick up my grandmother. Then, on the way home, I’d have to listen to her complaints about how she disliked our car and my clothes or my haircut.
After dropping her off, I’d have to get in the car and drive the twelve miles in the other direction to pick up my other grandmother and my grandfather, and on the way home he would complain about politics or taxes or my haircut.
The Sunday dinner was good. However, I don’t like big meals in the middle of the day because I always feel overstuffed and sleepy all afternoon long. The talk at dinner was usually like the conversation in the car ---- how taxes were too high, how the government was stupid, or how my hair was too long.
An hour or two after Sunday dinner, I’d get back in the car and take my grandparents home. The late afternoon drives were just like the morning’s, except it was darker. In the car, my grandmother would complain about the pie or the expensive meat. Usually it was raining, too.
By the spring of my senior year in high school, I finally realized I had no reason to dread my Sunday night homework and Monday school days. They were better than listening to complaints about my hair. I began to look forward to my Sunday night homework when I could be alone. And Mondays, were full of activity with friends my own age. At last I understood that Sundays were invented to make us appreciate the rest of the week.
来源 《美国语文》改编 词数 322 逻辑结构 按序方式 预估难度 0.7
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the weekend activities time after +名词（church，dinner） after +doing sth. By+ 时间表示“在…之前”“到…时已经”
place in the car, on the way home, at home
activity pick up sb. listen to someone’ complain about sth. have the big dinner take someone home
my feeling of Sunday Sundays were always the same and dull. I used to hate Sundays. dread, appreciate, look forward to
（三）阅读策略点拨
1. 文章所属话题：日常生活活动这个话题包含了课标中五个话题:日常活动，文娱与体育，旅游度假，饮食和购物话题。其中，日常活动可以分为3个小话题：家庭生活，学校生活和周末生活。
2. 范文1是一篇记叙文，讲述的是周末的家庭生活小故事。抓住after sth. / doing sth.这条时间线，可以看到作者在周末做完礼拜后、接完奶奶后、午餐及餐后四个时间段的活动及感受。阅读此类文章，抓住文章的时间、地点、人物、事件\活动，就基本能理解文章的主要内容。新目标英语七上U9 Sb 2b学校的一天，八下 U7 Sb 2b 介绍成都动物管理员的日常生活的文章都与此文有异曲同工之妙。此外，日常作息、日常饮食、旅游、产品制作、工作方法、历史发展、文字演变、人物成长、动植物生长等，都可以抓住时间线展开阅读。
3. 关注文章的标题boring weekend也是把握文章主旨的方式之一。
范文2（替换新篇目）
来源 2020武汉 词数 147 逻辑结构 分析+例证方式 预估难度 0.75
来源 2020武汉 词数 147 逻辑结构 分析+例证方式 预估难度 0.75
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活动名称 Students taught to love parents(标题) Students' love and care for their parents（解释、转述）
活动内容 The students are asked tospend at least one hour doing housework (place地点) for their parents or giving some help in the neighborhood every Sunday, Mother's Day and parents' birthdays. (time时间)
活动目的 The school aims (旨在) at turning the students into well-mannered children. The students were taught to be a good child under strict rules.
发生变化 （例证For example） 1.They are now used to saying good-bye to parents in the morning before they go to school. And no one forgets to say hello to the parents when they return from school. （学生的视角） 2. The parents are pleased to find their children can help them with some housework such as making beds, washing and cooking.（家长的视角）
（三）阅读策略点拨
1. 文章所属话题：课标中日常活动可以分为3个小话题：家庭生活，学校生活和周末生活。其中，学校话题又包含学校设施,学校人员,学习科目和学校活动四个话题。范文2属于学校活动话题，从活动名称、活动内容、活动目的、活动中发生的变化四方面进行报道。
2. 这篇短文是来自《武汉晨报》一篇报道，新闻报道是中考阅读题中常见的一种文体，阅读这类文章要了解新闻报道倒金字塔结构：
正文
（1）关注标题，推测文本主旨大意。如范文2报道的是学生学习爱家长活动，顺利解答35小题。
（2）仔细阅读导语，它是新闻报道最基本内容的概括和浓缩。
（3）重视图表、照片、数字、黑体字及大写字母等，如范文2中的31和32小题都与这些相关。
（4）精读题干，细读相关信息并作答。
1. The news "Students taught to love parents" was first reported in _______.
A. ABC English B. Wuhan Post C. Parent Daily D. School News
2. In which part of the newspaper can we read the news
A. CULTURE. B. FAMILY. C. EDUCATION. D. HISTORY.
3. Who started the project
A. The parents. B. The newspapers. C. The neighborhood. D. The school.
4. The news mainly tells us ______.
A. children from one-child families need strict rules
B. Mother's Day and parents' birthdays are important
C. a project of good manners education has been well carried out
D. the school means to turn the students into their parents' helpers
范文3
In 1981, the Chinese women's volleyball team first stood on the top at the World Cup. And in 2019, it defended（保住）its World Cup crown with a record of 11 wins. The women's volleyball team has been the pride of the Chinese people. To honor it, a film named ZhongguoNvpai or Leap in English has been made.
Based on the volleyball team's stories, the film shows the struggles(奋斗) and achievements of the Chinese women's volleyball team over the past 40 years. Gong Li, a world-famous Chinese actress, plays the role of Lang Ping, who has won the world championships many times with the team and is now the team's head coach. In order to play the role well, Gong came to the training site of the team, observing Lang's words and deeds carefully.
Zhu Ting, captain of the Chinese women's volleyball team, also plays a part in the film. It is the first time that she has taken part in a film shooting and she says it's a little bit difficult. However, her playing volleyball is more difficult than being an actress. It took her at least 10 years to rise to fame in the field but playing herself in the film could be realized in a short time.
The film hit the screen in January, 2020. The Chinese women's volleyball team not only is a competitive sports team but also shows the spirit of struggling and never giving up.
来源 2020荆门市 词数 249 逻辑结构 按序方式 预估难度 0.8
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Talk about the film Leap
Introduction Main character Gong Li+ Zhu Ting Inspiration
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Introduction In 1981, …first stood on the top at the World Cup. In 2019, it defendedits … crown with a record of 11 wins. To honor it,a film namedLeap in English has been made.
Main characters ☆Based on…stories…, the film shows… ☆Gong Liplays the role of Lang Ping, In order to play the role well, Gong came to the training site of the team, observing Lang's words and deeds carefully. ☆Zhu Ting also plays a part in the film. It is the first time that she has taken part in a film shooting.(影片拍摄) It took her at least 10 yearsto rise to fame in the field but playing herself in the film could be realized in a short time.
Inspiration （Spirit） 1. hit the screen in January, 2020. 2. not only…. but also shows the spirit of struggling and never givingup
（三）阅读策略点拨
1.文章所属话题：日常生活活动这个话题包含了课标中五个话题:日常活动，文娱与体育，旅游度假，饮食和购物话题。其中，文娱与体育又包含了3个小话题：电影与戏剧，音乐与舞蹈，体育与赛事。
2. 范文3属于电影与戏剧话题。本文是一篇记叙文，作者在首段先铺垫了中国女排40年的伟大成就，然后导入文章要介绍的电影《夺冠》：第二、三段主要讲述了由巩俐和朱婷主演的《中国女排》，结尾向我们展示了中国女排的飒爽英姿以及取得的成就，向我们传达了中国女排敢于拼搏、永不放弃的精神风貌。
3. 本文按照时间顺序展开，即in 1981----- in 2019----- over the past 40 years ----- in January, 2020,
因此，理清文章脉络和框架是阅读中的重要策略之一（Introduction Main characters Spirit），
范文3的第6小题聚焦于结尾中的spirit , 透过字母意思，理解深层含义，推断出作者的态度和写作的语气，正确答案呼之欲出。同时，要充分借助语境线索推测生词，如范文3第4小题，巩俐为了饰演好郎平这个角色，特地去到排球训练场观察郎平的言行举止，故划线部分observing意为“观察”。
4. The underlined word “observe" in Paragraph 2 most probably means ____________.
A. listen to B. learn C. understand D. watch
6. What can we learn from the Chinese women's volleyball team
A. Keep on fighting. B. Fight for the first.
C. Learn from mistakes. D. Seeing is believing.
7. The passage is written in a/an ____________ tone (语气).
A. serious B. excited C. humorous D. proud
范文4
The expression “go for it” comes from football. Not football as it is played in most countries, but the kind of football in the United States and Canada.
American football is a difficult game to explain. But the basic idea is that each team tries to move the football across the goal line of the other team. One of the rules is that a team must move the ball forward(向前) at least ten yards – a little less than ten meters – in four attempts. It loses the ball to the other team if it fails to move that far.
One of the most exciting times in football comes when a team has failed, after three attempts, to move the ball forward ten yards. Then the team must take an

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