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2026年中考英语总复习·被动语态
模块一：使用被动语态的核心场景
不知道或无需明确动作执行者
A new type of AI translator was released last month.（无需说明谁发布）
More than 500 million tons of waste paper is recycled every year in China.（执行者不明确）
强调动作的承受者（题干含“by+执行者”或语境侧重对象）
The 2024 Paris Olympics opening ceremony was watched by billions of people worldwide.
Teenagers' mental health is paid more attention to by schools and families now.
表述客观事实、真理或官方信息（避免主观表态）
It is reported that the global carbon emission will be reduced by 15% by 2030.
Students are required to finish the safety education course before the new term.
模块二：各时态被动语态核心结构
基本结构：be + 动词过去分词（done）
时态 被动结构 标志词 例句
一般现在时 am/is/are + done every day, nowadays, often Online courses are offered by most middle schools in the winter vacation.
一般过去时 was/were + done yesterday, last year, ago The ancient city wall was repaired during the 2024 National Day holiday.
一般将来时 will be + done / be going to be done next month, soon, in 2026 A new subway line will be built to connect the airport and the city center.
现在进行时 am/is/are + being + done now, at the moment, currently The data of the experiment is being analyzed by the research team.
现在完成时 have/has + been + done since, already, so far Over 10,000 green roofs have been installed in our city since 2023.
过去将来时 would be + done / was/were going to be done told, said, planned The teacher said the final exam would be held a week earlier.
情态动词 can/may/must/should + be + done can, must, should Personal digital devices must be kept off during the exam.
模块三：主动语态与被动语态的转换
转换核心原则：宾语变主语，动词变“be+done”，主语变“by+宾语”（可省略）
1. 陈述句转换
提取主动句宾语→作为被动句主语
主动词→对应时态的“be+done”形式
主动句主语→“by+主语”（逻辑清晰时可省）
其余成分（状语、定语等）原样保留
【主动】Engineers designed the smart traffic system for the new district.
【被动】The smart traffic system was designed (by engineers) for the new district.
2. 一般疑问句转换
be动词/情态动词/助动词→提前至句首
主动句宾语→被动句主语
动词→“be+done”形式
主动句主语→“by+主语”（可省）
其余成分保留，句末变问号
【主动】Did they test the new vaccine on animals
【被动】Was the new vaccine tested (by them) on animals
3. 特殊疑问句转换
特殊疑问词（what/when/where等）→位置不变
be动词/情态动词/助动词→紧跟疑问词后
主动句宾语→被动句主语（若疑问词是主动句宾语，此步省略）
动词→“be+done”形式
主动句主语→“by+主语”（可省）
其余成分保留，句末变问号
【主动】Where will they hold the 2025 Youth Games
【被动】Where will the 2025 Youth Games be held (by them)
【主动】What did the scientists discover in the deep sea
【被动】What was discovered (by the scientists) in the deep sea
★即时训练
主动：People have applied 5G technology in remote education.（改为被动语态，现在完成时）
主动：Does the school allow students to use smart watches in class （改为被动语态，一般疑问句）
主动：When did the workers complete the construction of the community center （改为被动语态，特殊疑问句）
主动：The doctor advised the patient to take medicine on time.（改为被动语态，带不定式结构）
主动：They are translating this classic novel into three foreign languages.（改为被动语态，现在进行时）
模块四：双宾语结构的被动转换
转换原则
双宾语（间接宾语“人”+直接宾语“物”）转换被动语态时，核心是“主语选择+介词匹配”：可优先将间接宾语（人）作为被动句主语，此时无需加介词；若将直接宾语（物）作为主语，需根据原句动词搭配正确的介词to或for。
常考动词+介词搭配
搭配介词 高频动词
to give, send, show, teach, tell, lend, pass, write, offer, return, recommend
for buy, cook, make, book, choose, prepare, reserve, fetch, save, fix
★即时训练
主动：My mother bought me a new English dictionary.（改为被动语态，分别以人、物作主语）
主动：The manager will offer the excellent employee a promotion.（改为被动语态，分别以人、物作主语）
翻译：这首古诗是老师教给我们的。（用teach...to...，被动语态）
翻译：为即将到来的运动会，学校为我们准备了统一的服装。（用prepare...for...，被动语态）
主动：The volunteer passed a bottle of water to the old man.（改为被动语态，以物作主语）
模块五：不能使用被动语态的词和词组
1. 不及物动词及短语（无动作承受者，无法被动）
中文含义 英文词汇/短语 例句
出现 appear, turn up A rare star appeared in the sky last night.（不用was appeared）
发生 happen, take place, occur An unexpected accident happened on the highway.（不用was happened）
属于 belong to This ancient vase belongs to the national museum.（不用is belonged to）
爆发 break out, erupt A forest fire broke out in the mountain area last week.（不用was broken out）
同意 agree with Most parents agree with the new school rules.（不用is agreed with）
2. 静态动词（表状态，而非动作，无被动）
中文含义 英文词汇 例句
等于 equal Two plus three equals five.（不用is equaled）
包含 include, contain This textbook contains 12 units.（不用is contained）
适合 fit, suit This dress fits her perfectly.（不用is fitted）
★即时训练
The old musical instrument ________ (belong) to my grandfather for over 40 years.（用所给词适当形式填空）
翻译：昨天这个地区发生了一场轻微的地震，没有造成人员伤亡。（用happen，注意无被动）
Which of the following sentences is correct （单选题）
A. A big storm was broken out last night. B. A big storm broke out last night.
C. A big storm was happened last night. D. A big storm was taken place last night.
The book ______ (contain) many interesting stories about traditional culture.（用所给词适当形式填空）
翻译：这个小组由5名来自不同学校的优秀学生组成。（用consist of，注意无被动）
模块六：常见主动语态表被动的词和词组
此类结构不用“be+done”形式，注意区分主动表被动与普通主动语态
分类 英文词汇/短语 例句/说明
系动词（感官/特征） smell, sound, taste, feel, look, seem, appear The plant-based milk tastes very fresh.（不用is tasted）
表性能/效果的动词 sell, wash, wear, write, run, cook（搭配well/easily等副词） The new electric cars sell well because of their low cost.（不用are sold）
固定结构 need/want/require/deserve + doing; be worth doing; be + adj. + to do The old library needs repairing.（= needs to be repaired）
★即时训练
This kind of hand-made cloth ________ (wash) easily and is very popular among tourists.（用所给词适当形式填空）
The broken playground equipment ________ (need) repairing as soon as possible.（同义句转换，用need to be done结构）
翻译：这部关于航天探索的纪录片非常值得一看。（用be well worth doing）
Which of the following sentences is correct （单选题）
A. The cake tastes well and sells good. B. The cake tastes good and sells well.
C. The cake is tasted good and sold well. D. The cake is tasted well and sells good.
The new online shopping app is ________ (use) for the elderly.（用所给词适当形式填空，be + adj. + to do结构）
模块七：have sth. done的双重含义
含义 核心逻辑 例句 语境提示
让别人做某事 动作由他人完成，主语主动委托 I have my phone repaired at the official service center. 常搭配服务类场景（修、做、建等）
自身经历某事 动作意外发生，主语是承受者 She had her passport stolen while traveling abroad. 多为不愉快事件（被盗、被攻击等）
注意：判断“have sth. done”的含义时，关键看语境——若涉及“委托他人提供服务”（如修、做、定制等），则为“让别人做某事”；若描述“意外遭遇、自身受损”的场景，则为“自身经历某事”。
★即时训练
翻译：他每个月都让师傅修理一次他的自行车。（用have sth. done，委托服务场景）
—What happened to your bag —I ________ it ________ (steal) when I was shopping in the supermarket.（用所给词适当形式填空，意外场景）
翻译：为了参加艺术展览，她让设计师定制了一套礼服。（用have sth. done，委托服务场景）
The company ________ its office ________ (decorate) before the new year.（用所给词适当形式填空，委托服务场景）
翻译：昨天他在公园散步时，钱包被偷了。（用have sth. done，意外场景）
综合演练
（一）单项选择
—When ________ the new community hospital ________
—Next September. It's still being built.
A. will; open B. is; opened C. will; be opened D. is; open
The 2025 National Games souvenirs ________ from eco-friendly materials to protect the environment.
A. make B. made C. are made D. were made
—Must the old factory be pulled down
—No, it ________ as a local history museum.
A. can save B. can be saved C. saved D. was saved
Young people ________ to learn traditional culture, which helps inherit national spirit.
A. should teach B. teach C. should be taught D. are teaching
A new report on students' eye health ________ by the Ministry of Education recently.
A. has been published B. was published C. published D. is published
—What language ________ mainly in India
—Hindi and English are widely used there.
A. speaks B. is spoken C. is speaking D. spoke
The ancient temple ________ for over 800 years and it's a national cultural relic.
A. has been existed B. existed C. was existed D. has existed
More renewable energy ________ in the next five years to reduce carbon emission.
A. will use B. uses C. will be used D. is used
—Did you watch the science lecture yesterday
—Yes. The new invention ________ by the scientist clearly.
A. demonstrated B. was demonstrated C. is demonstrated D. demonstrates
The library rules say that borrowed books ________ for no more than 28 days.
A. can keep B. kept C. are kept D. can be kept
This type of smart door lock ________ easily with a fingerprint.
A. operates B. is operated C. operated D. will operate
—Why didn't they hold the meeting on time
—Because the key data ________ yet.
A. hasn't collected B. didn't collect C. hasn't been collected D. wasn't collected
Children ________ to stay away from the river by their parents every summer.
A. tell B. are told C. were told D. will tell
A new bridge ________ across the lake now and it will be finished next year.
A. is built B. is being built C. was built D. will be built
It's said that the old map ________ in a hidden box for nearly a century.
A. has hidden B. was hidden C. has been hidden D. hidden
—Do you think the new traffic rules ________ by most drivers
—Yes, they are helpful for road safety.
A. will support B. will be supported C. supports D. is supported
The broken road ________ before the heavy rain comes.
A. must repair B. must be repaired C. repairs D. is repaired
These folk stories ________ down from generation to generation in our town.
A. pass B. are passed C. have passed D. were passed
The new software ________ to help students learn English grammar better and it works well.
A. designs B. is designed C. was designed D. designed
—What a wonderful painting!
—Thanks. It ________ by my brother who studies art.
A. painted B. is painted C. was painted D. has painted
（二）语法填空（用所给词适当形式填空）
The 2026 World Cup ________ (hold) in the United States, Canada and Mexico.
So far, more than 200 community service stations ________ (set up) in our city.
The hand-made toys ________ (sell) well in the local market because of their unique design.
Students ________ (encourage) to take part in after-school sports activities every term.
This old building ________ (not repair) yet, but the repair plan has been approved.
The international conference ________ (attend) by experts from over 40 countries next month.
The missing cat ________ (find) by a kind neighbor yesterday morning.
Mobile phones ________ (must not use) in the examination room during the exam.
The research paper ________ (write) by the team for two months and it will be finished soon.
These valuable cultural relics ________ (protect) by the government since they were discovered.
（三）句型转换（改为被动语态）
People have planted thousands of trees in the mountain area.（改为被动语态）
Can we solve this math problem with the help of a calculator （改为被动语态）
When will the school organize the spring outing （改为被动语态）
The teacher told us to finish the homework before Friday.（改为被动语态）
My father bought me a new computer as a birthday gift.（改为被动语态，物作主语）
参考答案及解析
模块三即时训练
答案：5G technology has been applied in remote education (by people). 解析：主动句为现在完成时，被动结构为“have/has been + 过去分词”；主语“5G technology”为单数，用“has been”；“apply”的过去分词为“applied”。
答案：Are students allowed to use smart watches in class (by the school) 解析：主动句为一般现在时一般疑问句，被动句将“are”提前；“allow”的过去分词为“allowed”；不定式结构“to use...”保留不变。
答案：When was the construction of the community center completed (by the workers) 解析：主动句为一般过去时特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词“when”位置不变，紧跟“was”；“complete”的过去分词为“completed”。
答案：The patient was advised to take medicine on time (by the doctor). 解析：主动句为一般过去时，被动结构为“was/were + 过去分词”；“advise”的过去分词为“advised”；不定式结构“to take...”保留。
答案：This classic novel is being translated into three foreign languages (by them). 解析：主动句为现在进行时，被动结构为“am/is/are + being + 过去分词”；主语“this classic novel”为单数，用“is being”；“translate”的过去分词为“translated”。
模块四即时训练
答案：人作主语：I was bought a new English dictionary (by my mother). 物作主语：A new English dictionary was bought for me (by my mother). 解析：“buy”是搭配“for”的双宾语动词，人作主语无需加介词，物作主语需加“for”；主动句为一般过去时，被动结构为“was + 过去分词”。
答案：人作主语：The excellent employee will be offered a promotion (by the manager). 物作主语：A promotion will be offered to the excellent employee (by the manager). 解析：“offer”是搭配“to”的双宾语动词，人作主语无需加介词，物作主语需加“to”；主动句为一般将来时，被动结构为“will be + 过去分词”。
答案：This ancient poem was taught to us (by the teacher). 解析：“teach”搭配“to”，被动句物作主语需加“to”；时态为一般过去时，被动结构为“was + 过去分词”。
答案：Uniform clothes have been prepared for us by the school for the coming sports meeting. 解析：“prepare”搭配“for”，被动句物作主语需加“for”；时态为现在完成时，被动结构为“have been + 过去分词”。
答案：A bottle of water was passed to the old man (by the volunteer). 解析：“pass”搭配“to”，被动句物作主语需加“to”；主动句为一般过去时，被动结构为“was + 过去分词”。
模块五即时训练
答案：has belonged 解析：“belong to”是不及物动词短语，无被动语态；“for over 40 years”提示现在完成时，主语为单数，用“has belonged”。
答案：A slight earthquake happened in this area yesterday, and no casualties were caused. 解析：“happen”无被动语态，用一般过去时“happened”；“造成伤亡”用被动语态“were caused”。
答案：B 解析：“break out”“happen”“take place”均为无被动语态的不及物动词短语，其主动形式表被动含义，故选B。
答案：contains 解析：“contain”是静态动词，表状态，无被动语态；主语为单数，用一般现在时“contains”。
答案：This group consists of 5 excellent students from different schools. 解析：“consist of”无被动语态，用一般现在时“consists of”。
模块六即时训练
答案：washes 解析：“wash easily”是主动表被动结构，表物品性能；主语为单数，用一般现在时“washes”。
答案：needs to be repaired 解析：“need doing”与“need to be done”同义，均为主动表被动，意为“需要被做”；“repair”的过去分词为“repaired”。
答案：This documentary about space exploration is well worth watching. 解析：“be well worth doing”是主动表被动固定结构，“well”加强语气，置于“be”和“worth”之间，无需用被动形式。
答案：B 解析：“taste”是感官系动词，后接形容词，主动表被动；“sell well”是主动表被动结构，“well”为副词修饰动词，故选B。
答案：easy to use 解析：“be + adj. + to do”是主动表被动结构，主语“the new online shopping app”是“use”的逻辑宾语，用主动形式“to use”。
模块七即时训练
答案：He has his bike repaired by the master every month. 解析：此处为“让别人做某事”的委托服务场景，“have sth. done”结构中“repair”用过去分词“repaired”；时态为一般现在时，“have”用第三人称单数“has”。
答案：had; stolen 解析：此处为“自身经历某事”的意外场景，“have sth. done”结构中“steal”用过去分词“stolen”；由“was shopping”可知时态为一般过去时，“have”用过去式“had”。
答案：She had a dress customized by the designer for the art exhibition. 解析：此处为委托服务场景，“have sth. done”结构中“customize”用过去分词“customized”；时态为一般过去时，“have”用过去式“had”。
答案：had; decorated 解析：此处为委托服务场景，“have sth. done”结构中“decorate”用过去分词“decorated”；时态为一般过去时，“have”用过去式“had”。
答案：He had his wallet stolen when he was walking in the park yesterday. 解析：此处为意外场景，“have sth. done”结构中“steal”用过去分词“stolen”；时态为一般过去时，“have”用过去式“had”。
综合演练
答案：C 解析：“new community hospital”是“被开放”，用被动语态；“Next September”提示一般将来时，被动结构为“will be + 过去分词”，故选C。
答案：C 解析：“souvenirs”是“被制作”，用被动语态；描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为复数，被动结构为“are + 过去分词”，故选C。
答案：B 解析：“old factory”是“被保存”，用被动语态；“must”的否定回答用“can”表“可以”，被动结构为“can be + 过去分词”，故选B。
答案：C 解析：“Young people”是“被教导”，用被动语态；“should”表“应该”，被动结构为“should be + 过去分词”，故选C。
答案：A 解析：“report”是“被发表”，用被动语态；“recently”是现在完成时标志词，被动结构为“have been + 过去分词”，故选A。
答案：B 解析：“language”是“被说”，用被动语态；描述客观事实用一般现在时，被动结构为“is + 过去分词”，故选B。
答案：D 解析：“exist”是不及物动词，无被动语态；“for over 800 years”提示现在完成时，用“has existed”，故选D。
答案：C 解析：“renewable energy”是“被使用”，用被动语态；“in the next five years”提示一般将来时，被动结构为“will be + 过去分词”，故选C。
答案：B 解析：“new invention”是“被演示”，用被动语态；“yesterday”提示一般过去时，被动结构为“was + 过去分词”，故选B。
答案：D 解析：“borrowed books”是“被保留”，用被动语态；“can”表“可以”，被动结构为“can be + 过去分词”，故选D。
答案：A 解析：“operate”此处表“操作起来”，是主动表被动结构，主语为单数，用一般现在时“operates”，故选A。
答案：C 解析：“key data”是“被收集”，用被动语态；“yet”是现在完成时否定标志，被动结构为“hasn't been + 过去分词”，故选C。
答案：B 解析：“Children”是“被告诉”，用被动语态；“every summer”提示一般现在时，主语为复数，被动结构为“are + 过去分词”，故选B。
答案：B 解析：“new bridge”是“被建造”，用被动语态；“now”提示现在进行时，被动结构为“is being + 过去分词”，故选B。
答案：C 解析：“old map”是“被隐藏”，用被动语态；“for nearly a century”提示现在完成时，被动结构为“has been + 过去分词”，故选C。
答案：B 解析：“new traffic rules”是“被支持”，用被动语态；由“Do you think”可知是对未来的推测，用一般将来时，被动结构为“will be + 过去分词”，故选B。
答案：B 解析：“broken road”是“被修复”，用被动语态；“must”表“必须”，被动结构为“must be + 过去分词”，故选B。
答案：B 解析：“folk stories”是“被传承”，用被动语态；描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为复数，被动结构为“are + 过去分词”，故选B。
答案：B 解析：“new software”是“被设计”，用被动语态；由“it works well”可知描述现在的状态，用一般现在时，被动结构为“is + 过去分词”，故选B。
答案：C 解析：“painting”是“被绘制”，用被动语态；绘画是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，被动结构为“was + 过去分词”，故选C。
答案：will be held 解析：“2026 World Cup”是“被举办”，用被动语态；“2026”提示一般将来时，被动结构为“will be + 过去分词”。
答案：have been set up 解析：“community service stations”是“被建立”，用被动语态；“so far”是现在完成时标志词，被动结构为“have been + 过去分词”。
答案：sell 解析：“sell well”是主动表被动结构，表物品销售情况；主语为复数，用一般现在时“sell”。
答案：are encouraged 解析：“Students”是“被鼓励”，用被动语态；“every term”提示一般现在时，主语为复数，被动结构为“are + 过去分词”。
答案：hasn't been repaired 解析：“old building”是“被修复”，用被动语态；“yet”是现在完成时否定标志，被动结构为“hasn't been + 过去分词”，主语为单数，用“hasn't”。
答案：will be attended 解析：“international conference”是“被参加”，用被动语态；“next month”提示一般将来时，被动结构为“will be + 过去分词”。
答案：was found 解析：“missing cat”是“被找到”，用被动语态；“yesterday morning”提示一般过去时，主语为单数，被动结构为“was + 过去分词”。
答案：must not be used 解析：“Mobile phones”是“被使用”，用被动语态；“must not”表禁止，被动结构为“must not be + 过去分词”。
答案：has been being written 解析：“research paper”是“被撰写”，用被动语态；“for two months”提示动作持续到现在，用现在完成进行时被动结构“has been being + 过去分词”，主语为单数，用“has”。
答案：have been protected 解析：“cultural relics”是“被保护”，用被动语态；“since they were discovered”是现在完成时标志，被动结构为“have been + 过去分词”，主语为复数，用“have”。
答案：Thousands of trees have been planted in the mountain area (by people). 解析：主动句为现在完成时，被动结构为“have/has been + 过去分词”；主语“thousands of trees”为复数，用“have been”；“plant”的过去分词为“planted”。
答案：Can this math problem be solved with the help of a calculator (by us) 解析：主动句为情态动词“can”引导的一般疑问句，被动句将“can”提前，后接“be + 过去分词”；“solve”的过去分词为“solved”。
答案：When will the spring outing be organized by the school 解析：主动句为一般将来时特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词“when”位置不变，紧跟“will be”；“organize”的过去分词为“organized”。
答案：We were told to finish the homework before Friday (by the teacher). 解析：主动句为一般过去时，被动结构为“was/were + 过去分词”；主语“we”为复数，用“were”；“tell”的过去分词为“told”，不定式结构“to finish...”保留不变。
答案：A new computer was bought for me as a birthday gift (by my father). 解析：主动句为双宾语结构，物作主语时需搭配介词“for”（“buy”搭配“for”）；时态为一般过去时，被动结构为“was + 过去分词”；“buy”的过去分词为“bought”。

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