资源简介

(共24张PPT)
专题八　动词的时态
一般现在时
初中阶段学习的时态有以下八种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时。前六种为常考时态,要掌握各时态的构成、用法以及标志性时间状语。
一般现在时谓语形式:be(am/is/are);do/does
时间标志词:always, usually, often, sometimes, every day/week/year, on Sunday, twice a week …
一般过去时
一般过去时谓语形式:be(was/were);did
时间标志词:yesterday, the day before yesterday, last night/week/year, a moment ago, just now, then, in 2000, when he was very young …
“used to+动词原形”表示过去的习惯或状态。如:
Mum used to tell us stories.妈妈过去常给我们讲故事。
一般将来时
一般将来时谓语形式:will/shall +动词原形;be(am/is/are) going to +动词原形
时间标志词:tomorrow, next week/month/year, in a few days(in+时间段), in the future, from now on, soon …
be going to与will的区别
1. be going to 指已计划好的事或思考过的意图、打算,will表示未事先思考或未计划而临时做出的决定。如:
I’m going to see him tomorrow.我打算明天去看他。(事先经过思考)
I’ll answer the door.我去开门。(未经事先考虑)
2. be going to可表示客观迹象表明马上要发生的事,而will则表明说话者的主观意愿。如:
Look at the clouds. There is going to be a storm.看看这些云,暴风雨就要来了。(客观迹象表明要发生)
I hope it will be warm tomorrow.我希望明天会暖和起来。(主观意愿)
3. 在含有条件状语从句的复合句的主句中,一般用will,不用 be going to。 如:
I will come if it doesn’t rain.如果不下雨的话,我就来。
现在进行时
现在进行时谓语形式:be(am/is/are) +doing
时间标志词:now, Look!,Listen!,at the/this moment …
过去进行时
过去进行时谓语形式:be(was/were) +doing
时间标志词:at that time, at this time yesterday, at 9∶00 last night, from nine to ten last night, when/while 引导的时间状语从句等
1. 在含有时间状语从句的复合句中,延续时间较长的动作常用过去进行时,另一个短暂性动作用一般过去时。如:
When the earthquake struck, I was shopping at the clothes store.当地震发生时,我正在服装店买衣服。
2. 表示两个延续性动作在过去某一时刻同时进行,不考虑动作的先后顺序,主句和从句的谓语动词都用过去进行时,连词常用while。如:
Tom was doing his homework while I was reading a newspaper.我在看报纸时,汤姆在做作业。
现在完成时
谓语形式 用法 例句
have/has+
过去分词 表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I have seen the film already.我已经看过这部电影了。(已知电影内容)
表示过去开始的动作或状态,一直持续到现在乃至将来(谓语常用延续性动词,与so far, since/for …连用)。 I have studied in the school since 2024.自2024年以来,我就在这所学校学习。
时间标志 already, just, yet, so far, up to now, ever, since then, in/during the past … years,since+过去时间点,since+一般过去时从句,for+时间段…
1. have/has been to, have/has gone to与have/has been in
(讲解详见P112九年级上册Units 1考点一)
2. 延续性动词与非延续性动词
英语中的动词按动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词两种,非延续性动词也可称为短暂性动词或瞬间动词。在现在完成时态中,有时要将非延续性动词转换为延续性动词,这样才能和时间段连用。转换方法如下:
(1)将短暂性动词转换为“be+形容词或副词”。如下表:
begin/start→be on go there→be there
come back→be back come here→be here
open→be open close→be closed
die→be dead marry/get married→be married
finish/end→be over go to bed→be in bed
leave→be away return→be back
get out→be out fall asleep→be asleep
wake up→be awake fall ill→be ill
arrive/reach/get to→be in/at join→be in/be a member of
如:这间商店开门6小时了。
The shop has opened for 6 hours.( ) The shop has been open for 6 hours.(√)
(2)有的短暂性动词可以转换为意思相同的延续性动词。如下表:
borrow→keep(借) become→be(成为)
buy→have/own(买) catch/get a cold→have a cold(感冒)
get to know→know(认识) go to sleep→sleep(睡觉)
put on→wear(穿) receive→have(收到)
如:这本书我借了一个月了。
I have borrowed the book for one month.( )
I have kept the book for one month.(√)
3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时强调某一动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果,不能和表示过去的时间状语连用;一般过去时只表示过去的事实,不表示和现在的关系,可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:
I bought a ticket yesterday.
我昨天买了一张票。(强调我昨天做的一件事是买票)
I have already bought a ticket.
我已经买了一张票。(强调我已经有票了,无需再惦记票的事了)
过去完成时
谓语形式 用法 例句 图示
had+
过去分词 表示在过去的过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 I had had three cakes when you arrived.你来的时候我已经吃了三个蛋糕了。
表示过去某一动作或状态持续到过去另一时间。 The old man had lived in Shanghai for ten years before Tom came here.汤姆来这儿之前,这个老人已经在上海住了十年了。
时间标志 by the time …, before, when等构成的短语或引导的从句
现在完成时与过去完成时的区别
现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响,属于现在的范畴;过去完成时以过去某时间点为基点,强调该基点之前所发生的动作或存在的状态。如:
I have learned 1,000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学了1000个英语单词。
I had learned 1,000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学了1000个英语单词。
过去将来时
谓语形式 用法 例句
would+动词原形;
was/were going to+动词原形 表示在过去某个时间点看将要发生的动作或存在的状态(多用于间接引语或宾语从句中),was/were going to多用于口语中,表示根据计划或安排即将发生的事。 She said she would be back the next day.她说明天她将回来。
Mr. Green told us we were going to have a party at the weekend.格林先生告诉我们周末我们要举办一个晚会。
时间标志 the next day, the following week …
单项选择。
( )1. (2025·连云港)As people pay more and more attention to cultural treasures, the industry of ancient book repairing 　　　fast in China now.
A. developed B. was developing
C. is developing D. will develop
( )2. (2025·天津)The mobile phone 　　　when I was making a cake with my mother.
A. rang B. rings
C. is ringing D. is going to ring
C
A
( )3. (2025·安徽)—The robots 　　　each other to the finish line.
—How exciting! Our robot is going to win.
A. raced B. were racing
C. race D. are racing
( )4. (2025·龙东)When Li Lei came into the room, his friends 　　　for his birthday party.
A. prepared 　　　　　 B. are preparing
C. were preparing
D
C
( )5. (2025·天水)—Cindy, my sunglasses are on the floor and they are broken. What happened
—Sorry, dear. I don’t know. I 　　　in the kitchen then.
A. cook B. was cooking
C. have cooked D. will cook
( )6. (2025·扬州)During Guyu, the temperature usually 　　　a lot and rain increases.
A. rises B. rose
C. is rising D. has risen
B
A
( )7. (2025·江西)It 　　　heavily. We are going to get all wet walking outside.
A. is raining B. rains
C. rained D. was raining
( )8. (2025·江西)—Lisa, your shoes are dirty.
—Oh, just leave them there, Mum. I 　　　them with my clothes.
A. wash B. will wash
C. washed D. have washed
A
B
( )9. (2025·云南)The film Ne Zha 2 is worth seeing. I 　　　it three times so far.
A. have seen B. am going to see
C. saw D. see
( )10. (2025·龙东)—How long has she 　　　the science book I want to borrow it from her.
—For nearly three weeks. I think she might have finished reading it.
A. buy　　　 B. had　　 　C. bought
A
B
( )11. (2025·成都)—Tina, the phone 　　　. Can you answer it
—Sure, Mum.
A. was ringing 　 B. is ringing C. rang
( )12. (2025·绥化)Lots of tourists from the southern part of China ______
Harbin twice.
A. have been in 　　 B. have gone to C. have been to
( )13. (2025·绥化)On the Dragon Boat Festival, my mother cooked delicious zongzi and 　　　them on the plate.
A. laid 　　 B. lay 　　　 C. lain
B
C
A(共15张PPT)
专题十一　
连词与状语从句
连词
用来连接词与词、短语与短语,以及句子与句子的词叫连词。连词属于虚词,在句中不能单独使用。连词按其性质可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。从属连词主要用来引导状语从句。
1. 并列连词
并列连词是指用来连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子的连词(如and, but, or, so等),可表示并列、顺承、转折、选择、因果等关系。常见并列连词(短语)用法如下:
关系 连词 例句
并列关系 and, both … and …, not only …
but also …, neither … nor … You and me are good friends.
你和我是好朋友。
转折关系 but, while I failed, but I won’t give up.
我失败了,但是我不会放弃。
选择关系 or, either … or … Do you like apples or bananas 你喜欢苹果还是香蕉
因果关系 for, so Emma didn’t catch the last bus, so she had to walk home.艾玛没有赶上最后一班车,所以她不得不步行回家。
2. 从属连词
从属连词主要用来引导宾语从句(if, whether)和状语从句(如when, because, until等)。
常见从属连词用法见P200宾语从句和以下状语从句的讲解。
状语从句
在复合句中用作状语的从句叫状语从句。根据其表达的意思可分为时间、原因、条件、结果、目的、让步、地点、比较、方式等类型。具体用法如下:
类型 引导词 例句
时间状
语从句 when, while, as, before, after, since, not … until …, as soon as I was watching TV while my mom was cooking.我看电视的时候,我妈妈在做饭。
条件状
语从句 if, as long as, unless We will go for a picnic if it doesn’t rain.
如果不下雨,我们就去野餐。
类型 引导词 例句
原因状
语从句 because, as, since Since we have got ready for it, let’s set off.
既然我们做好了准备,那就出发吧。
目的状
语从句 so that, in order that He got up early so that he could catch his train.他为了赶上火车起得很早。
结果状
语从句 so/such … that … It is such a heavy box that we can’t carry it.
这个盒子如此重,我们都搬不动它。
让步状
语从句 though, although, even if/though, whatever, whenever … He often helps others though he is not rich.
尽管他不富裕,但他经常帮助别人。
类型 引导词 例句
比较状
语从句 than, as … as …, not as/so … as … He ran as fast as Jim.
他跟吉姆跑得一样快。
地点状
语从句 where, wherever Bob would like to go wherever he likes.
鲍勃想去他喜欢的任何地方。
方式状
语从句 as, as if/though You speak as if you had really been there.
你讲得好像你真的去过那儿一样。
1. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时。如:
I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to Beijing.我一到北京就给你打电话。
2. so … that …与such … that …的区别
(讲解详见P106八年级下册Unit 8考点一)
一、单项选择。
( )1. (2025·连云港) 　　　over 400 million adults are too heavy, China has made a plan to help its people with weight control.
A. Since B. Unless
C. Though D. Until
( )2. (2025·天津)It’s raining outside. Take an umbrella, 　　　you will get wet.
A. and B. or C. so D. but
A
B
( )3. (2025·安徽)Come on! You’ll discover a new side of yourself _____
you get through all the difficulties.
A. when B. as if
C. unless D. even though
( )4. (2025·扬州)The wind power of our country develops more quickly
　　　we push for green energy.
A. though B. before
C. as D. until
A
C
( )5. (2025·扬州)　　　 the whole of this article 　　　any part of it will be published unless the writer agrees.
A. Either; or B. Neither; nor
C. Not only; but also D. Both; and
( )6. (2025·江西)Students can learn something about history 　　　they go to the Marquis of Haihun’s Tomb(海昏侯墓) in Nanchang.
A. or B. unless
C. whenever D. although
B
C
( )7. (2025·云南)Fast food tastes delicious. 　　　eating it too often is bad for your health.
A. Or B. And C. But D. So
( )8. (2025·成都)Xu Dawei wants to pass the Civilian Mobile Library on to his son 　　　it can stay open forever.
A. before　 B. although　 C. so that
( )9. (2025·福建)—Have a safe trip to Hangzhou, my dear!
—OK, Dad. I’ll give you a call 　　　I arrive there.
A. until 　　　 B. so that C. as soon as
C
C
C
( )10. (2025·龙东)We can 　　　go to the movies 　　　go shopping this evening. We don’t have enough time to do both.
A. either; or　　 B. not only; but also C. neither; nor
( )11. (2025·龙东)—How was your trip last vacation
—It was wonderful. I went to Mount Huangshan. 　　　you climb Mount Huangshan, you needn’t go to see any other mountain.
A. Once B. Or C. Although
A
A
( )12. (2025·吉林)Plant more flowers, 　 　　we can make our city more beautiful.
A. or B. but C. and
( )13. The flight was delayed(延期) because of storm, 　　 　the passengers had to wait at the airport.
A. so B. or C. for
( )14. Everyone loves my dog Coffee, 　 　　he often makes a mess at home.
A. until B. since C. though
C
A
C(共31张PPT)
专题十　
主谓一致与非谓语动词
语法一致原则
语法一致是指句子的主语和谓语通常在语法形式上保持一致。即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词用复数形式。
用法 例句
当单数可数名词、单数代词、不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;当复数可数名词、复数代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 A girl is singing on the stage.
一个女孩正在舞台上唱歌。
They have been there twice.
他们去过那儿两次了。
用法 例句
当单个不定式(短语)/动名词(短语)作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Reading is a good way of learning.
阅读是一种好的学习方式。
当and或both…and…连接并列主语表示两个或两个以上的人或物时,谓语动词用复数形式。 Both her father and her mother are teachers.
她的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。
当不定代词either, neither, one, much, everything, somebody, anything等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.
每个人都为运动会做好了准备。
用法 例句
当each, each…(and each…), every… (and every…)作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.每个男孩和女孩都有接受教育的权利。
当“one of+名词/代词复数”(表示“……之一”)作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 One of these books is written by my uncle.
这些书中有一本是我叔叔写的。
当主语后接有with, along/together with, as well as, including, besides, like, except, but等词或短语时,谓语动词的形式由主语的单复数形式决定。 Diana, together with her friends, studies Chinese in China.戴安娜和她的朋友们在中国学习汉语。
用法 例句
当“a number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;当“the number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 A number of girls are playing tennis there.很多女孩在那儿打网球。
The number of the men teachers in our school is more than 50.我们学校男教师的人数超过了50。
当“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/most of/the rest of+名词”或“分数/百分数+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;若名词是复数可数名词,谓语动词则用复数形式。 Lots of boys in our school are fond of playing football.我们学校很多男孩喜欢踢足球。
Two thirds of the work has been finished.三分之二的工作已经做完了。
注:由and连接的并列主语如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词),则谓语动词用单数形式。如:
The writer and professor is very popular in our school.这位作家兼教授在我们学校很受欢迎。
意义一致原则
意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语表达的概念。
用法 例句
表示时间、距离、金钱、价格、重量、长度等的复合名词作主语时,通常被看作是一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。 Ten years is a long time.
十年是一段很长的时间。
集体名词(family, team, crowd, class, group等)如果表示集体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示集体中的成员,谓语动词则用复数形式。 My family all like watching sports on TV.
我的家人都喜欢在电视上观看体育节目。
用法 例句
politics, physics, works, the United States, news, maths 等词作主语时,虽以-s结尾,但表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式。 Maths is difficult to learn.
数学很难学。
形式上虽为单数,但意义为复数的名词,如people, police, cattle等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 The police are looking for the two missing children.警察正在寻找那两个失踪的孩子。
“the+形容词”作主语时,表示某一类人,谓语动词常用复数形式。 The old in our town are taken good care of.我们镇上的老人被照顾得很好。
用法 例句
trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, shorts等词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;如果前面有a pair of, two pairs of 等量词修饰时,谓语动词的单复数形式要与pair保持一致。 That pair of jeans is too expensive.
那条牛仔裤太贵了。
“the+姓氏名词复数”表示“……一家”或“……夫妇”,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。 The Smiths are in Beijing now.
史密斯一家现在在北京。
就近一致原则
有时谓语动词的形式与主语并不一致,而是与最靠近它的名词或代词一致,这种原则叫“就近一致”原则。
用法 例句
在there be句型中,be动词须与其邻近的主语在数上保持一致。 There is a book and two notebooks on the desk.
桌子上有一本书和两个笔记本。
There are two notebooks and a book on the desk.
桌子上有两个笔记本和一本书。
用法 例句
由either … or …, neither … nor …, not only … but (also) …, not … but …或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与邻近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the song.不仅是学生,就连老师也喜欢听这首歌。
Neither you nor he is wrong.你没错,他也没错。
动词不定式
1. 动词不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,其否定形式为:not to+动词原形。
2. 动词不定式的用法
句法功能 说明 例句
作主语 常用it作形式主语,真正的主语是后置的不定式。常用句型:It is+adj.(+of/for sb.)+to do sth. To swim here is very dangerous.=It is very dangerous to swim here.
在这儿游泳很危险。
句法功能 说明 例句
作表语 常位于be动词之后 My job is to clean classrooms.
我的工作就是打扫教室。
作宾语 一般只作某些动词的宾语 I decide to go on a trip to Beijing.
我决定去北京旅游。
作宾语补足语 在使役动词make, let和感官动词hear, see, watch等后,省略不定式to;多数及物动词后接不定式作宾补时,需保留不定式to The funny story made us laugh loudly.这个有趣的故事让我们大笑起来。
My mother allows me to watch TV for a while every night.我妈妈允许我每晚看一会儿电视。
句法功能 说明 例句
作定语 常放在所修饰词的后面,作后置定语 Do you have anything to do
你有要做的事吗
作状语 一般在句中作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语 We get up early every morning to catch the early bus.我们每天早上早起是为了赶早班车。
与疑问词(what, how,
who, which, when …)
构成不定式短语 在句中可作主语、表语、宾语等 I really don’t know what to do next.我真的不知道下一步该怎么办。
常见的只能跟不定式作宾语的动词
决定学会有希望(decide, learn, wish, hope, expect),同意计划莫假装(agree, plan, pretend),
胆敢拒绝会失败(dare, refuse, fail),准备设法来帮忙(prepare, manage, help),
提供请求负担起(offer, beg, afford),答应安排理应当(promise, arrange, be supposed),
以上后跟不定式,劝君牢记永不忘。
动名词
1. 动名词由动词的-ing形式构成,其否定形式为not+doing。
2. 动名词的用法
句法功能 说明 例句
作主语 单个动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数 Playing too much games is bad for your study.玩太多游戏不利于你的学习。
作 宾 语 动词
宾语 表示一般的习惯性行为或经常性的动作 I like watching TV very much.
我很喜欢看电视。
介词
宾语 要注意to在短语中作介词的情况 I am looking forward to meeting her.
我盼望着和她见面。
句法功能 说明 例句
作表语 多数情况下,动名词作表语可转换为作主语 Your task is cleaning the windows.= Cleaning the windows is your task.
你的任务就是擦窗户。
作定语 只表明所修饰词的用途等,位于所修饰词之前 I bought a new washing machine last month.
我上个月买了一台新的洗衣机。
常见的只跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)
喜欢不断提建议(enjoy, keep, suggest),盼望习惯却完毕(look forward to, be used to, finish),
想要花费去练习(feel like, spend, practice),忍俊不禁还介意(can’t help, mind),
避免放弃不拖延(avoid, give up, put off),忙于考虑很值得(be busy, consider, be worth),
以上后跟动名词,一定要注意(pay attention to)。
有些动词(短语)后既可接不定式也可接动名词,但意义有很大不同。如:
分词
1. 分词有现在分词(-ing形式)和过去分词(通常是-ed形式)两种。既可构成时态,又常作宾语补足语、状语等句子成分。
2. 分词的用法
句法功能 说明 例句
作定语 单个分词作定语常位于所修饰词的前面,分词短语作定语常位于所修饰词的后面。现在分词表示主动、进行意义,过去分词表示被动、完成意义 He rushed into the burning house.他冲进着火的房子。
He is a man loved by all.
他是一个受大家爱戴的人。
句法功能 说明 例句
作状语 现在分词作伴随状语时,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语 She sat down, listening to their talk.
她坐下来,听他们谈话。
作表语 现在分词表示主语的性质、特征等;过去分词表示某种状态 The story is very interesting.
那个故事非常有趣。
I’m interested in that book.
我对那本书感兴趣。
句法功能 说明 例句
作宾语
补足语 宾语与补足语为主动关系或表示动作正在进行用现在分词;反之,为被动关系或动作已完成用过去分词 I heard a little boy crying in the small house.
我听见有个小男孩正在小房子里哭泣。
We want the work finished by Friday.
我们希望这个工作周五前完成。
一、单项选择。
( )1. (2025·天津)The government is developing new plans 　　　ancient buildings.
A. protect B. to protect
C. protects D. protected
( )2. (2025·扬州)We should build on past achievements and work together 　　　a better world.
A. make B. making
C. made D. to make
B
D
( )3. (2025·绥化)Our English teacher is humorous and he often tells funny jokes to make us 　　　.
A. to laugh　 B. laugh　　 C. laughed
( )4. (2025·绥化)My mother with her students 　　　to volunteer at the old people’s home next week.
A. is going B. are going C. goes
( )5. (2025·福建)We will attend the tea festival in our town 　　　more about tea culture.
A. learning B. to learn C. learned
B
A
B
( )6. (2025·龙东)—How do you improve your English listening skills
—I spend about twenty minutes 　　　English videos every day.
A. watch　　　　　 B. to watch C. watching
( )7. (2025·龙东)There 　　　no yogurt and no tomatoes on the shopping list. We need to add 　　　to the salad.
A. is; them B. are; them C. are; it
( )8. (2025·龙东)　　　 communication easier and faster, engineers in that company have designed a kind of smart watches.
A. Make B. Making C. To make
C
A
C
二、语法选择。
There is a saying in Chinese which says it is always better to teach a person who is hungry to fish than to give him some fish. Here is a story which 　1　 me think more.
One day, a hard-working boy wanted to learn more, so he went to visit a very famous teacher. He wanted to be his student. The teacher looked at the boy with a smile, and asked what he had learnt till then. Later, he asked his assistant(助手) 　2　 some tea.
( )1. A. make　　 B. makes　　 C. to make
( )2. A. to bring B. bring C. bringing
B
A
A big pot of tea with two cups and saucers(茶托) 　3　 brought in front of them. The boy volunteered 　4　 the tea, but the teacher refused his offer with a smile.
He asked the boy to lift up his cup and saucer. And then started pouring tea into his cup. The tea filled the cup, but the teacher kept pouring instead of 　5　. The tea flowed out of the cup into the saucer. Still the teacher kept on 　6　 the tea.
( )3. A. is B. was C. were
( )4. A. serving B. served C. to serve
( )5. A. stopping B. to stop C. stopped
( )6. A. pour B. pouring C. poured
B
C
A
B
When the tea started overflowing the saucer, the boy said, “I don’t understand. Why are you providing more tea than the cup can hold ” The teacher smiled, 　7　, “My dear, the case is the same with you. Your knowledge is overflowing. Why don’t you use it If you don’t, clearly, it will go to 　8　 like this tea.”
( )7. A. saying B. says C. said
( )8. A. wasted B. wasting C. waste
A
C
The boy understood what the teacher meant, and 　9　 with gratitude(感激).
It is important and useful to practice what we have. What a good teacher!Generally 　10　, as students, we should learn to think and learn to use, or our knowledge will be useless.
( )9. A. left B. leave C. leaves
( )10. A. speaking B. speak C. spoke
A
A(共17张PPT)
专题十四　定语从句
在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词或修饰整个句子的从句叫定语从句。含定语从句的复合句的基本结构为:先行词+关系词+定语从句。
被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。定语从句须用关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that)和关系副词(when, where, why)来引导,它们位于先行词和定语从句之间。关系词常有三个作用:①引导定语从句;②代替先行词;③在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。
关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 在从句中的成分 先行词 例句
that 主语、宾语、表语 人,物 The watch (that) my father bought was made in Shanghai.我爸爸买的那块表是上海制造的。
who 主语、宾语、表语 人 Do you know the teacher who wears glasses 你知道戴眼镜的那位老师吗
关系代词 在从句中的成分 先行词 例句
whom 宾语 人 The boy (whom) my mother was talking to is my cousin.正和我妈妈谈话的那个男孩是我的堂兄。
which 主语、宾语、表语 物 I like music (which) I can sing along with.我喜欢我能跟着一起唱的音乐。
whose 定语 人,物 The little girl whose hair is curly won the first prize.
那个卷发的小女孩赢得了第一名。
注:(1)关系代词的省略
关系代词that, which, who, whom在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略,但which, whom在从句中紧跟在介词后作介词的宾语时,不能省略,且不能用that代替;若which, who, whom作介词宾语且与介词分开时,可以省略。如:
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住过的房子。
(2)在定语从句中,关系代词that, who, which等作主语时,谓语动词的数要与先行词的数保持一致。如:The girls who are dancing there are my friends.在那边跳舞的女孩们是我的朋友。
只用that引导的定语从句
(1)当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时;
(2)当先行词是all, little, much, none, everything, anything, nothing等指物的不定代词时;但如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody等指人的不定代词时,应用who, whom;
(3)当先行词前有the very, the only, the last等修饰时;
(4)当先行词既有人也有物时;
(5)当主句是以疑问词who, which 开头的特殊疑问句时。
关系副词的基本用法
关系副词 在从句中的成分 先行词 例句
when 状语 时间 I’ll never forget the day when I joined the music club.我将永远不会忘记我加入音乐俱乐部的那天。
where 状语 地点 I went to the village where my father was born last week.
我上周去了我爸爸出生的那个村庄。
why 状语 原因 He didn’t say the reason why he was late.他没有说他迟到的原因。
注:当先行词为表示时间、地点、原因的词,但在定语从句中作宾语时,关系词要用which/that。如:
I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together in the countryside.我将永远不会忘记我们在乡下一起度过的日子。(先行词days在定语从句中作动词spent的宾语)
Is this the museum which/that we will visit next weekend 这是我们下周末要参观的博物馆吗 (先行词museum在定语从句中作动词visit的宾语)
一、单项选择。
( )1. (2025·达州)—What kind of music do you like
—I like music 　　　I can dance to. When I hear the songs, I’m full of energy.
A. what　　　 B. why　　　 C. that
( )2. (2025·遂宁)—What kinds of after-school activities do you like
—I like those activities 　　　are about P.E. and art.
A. who 　　 B. whom
C. which 　　 D. /
C
C
( )3. (2025·成都)It’s hard to say goodbye to the teachers 　　　have spent the past three years with us.
A. which B. who C. what
( )4. (2025·绥化)—Did you watch the most exciting dance 　　　was performed by robots during the Spring Festival Gala of the Year of the Snake
—Yes, it was amazing.
A. which B. that C. who
B
B
( )5. (2025·龙东)The high-technology clothes 　　　the players wore helped them perform better in the 9th Asian Winter Games.
A. that B. who C. what
( )6. (2025·乐山)Chengdu is a city in China 　　　has two airports because of the opening of Chengdu Tianfu International Airport.
A. where B. who C. that
( )7. —Nowadays, WeChat is very popular among friends.
—Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication 　　　people like.
A. that 　　B. which C. who 　　D. whom
A
C
A
( )8. Xiao Wang, we will graduate from this school in about three months. I believe we will never forget this school 　　　we have studies for three years.
A. where B. which C. who
( )9. The house 　　　stands at the end of the street, with a beautiful garden in front, belongs to my grandparents.
A. what 　　 B. who
C. which 　　 D. where
A
C
( )10. —What a pleasant trip to Yangzhou!
—Yes, I will never forget the friends and places of interest 　　　I visited here.
A. who 　　 B. what
C. which 　　 D. /
( )11. —I’m sorry I didn’t hear you. Could you say it again
—I said “The first magazine full of famous people 　　　my father bought for me years ago is still of great value.”
A. that　　 B. who　　 C. which
D
A
( )12. The train G828 is the first direct high-speed train 　　　connects Xi’an and Hong Kong.
A. who 　　 B. when
C. which 　　 D. that
D
二、用关系代词或关系副词填空。
1. A nurse 　 　 understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist(帮助) in the care of patients.
2. I still remember the day 　 　 you started for Tibet.
3. This is the hospital 　 　 my mother worked before.
4. Kate, 　 　 sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
5. The old man has two sons, one of 　 　 is a soldier.
who/that
when
where
whose
whom
6. The teacher asked him to explain the reason 　 　 he was late yesterday.
7. He gave me two books, neither of 　 　 seemed to be interesting.
8. I am grateful to Tom, without 　 　 help I would have been drowned(溺水).
9. The books on the desk, 　 　 covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
10. This is the best book 　 　 I’ve ever read.

why
which
whose
whose
that(共28张PPT)
专题五 名词
名词的分类
类别 用法 示例
普通
名词 可数名词 个体名词 表示某类人或物中的个体。 student, apple
集体名词 表示由若干个个体组成的集合体。 staff, class
不可数名词 物质名词 表示无法分为个体的实物。 ice, air, sand
抽象名词 表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念。 help, health, honesty
专有名词 表示地名、人名、语言、组织机构、月份、星期、节日等(专有名词的首字母需要大写)。 New York, Tommy,
Japanese, WTO,
January, Christmas
有时一个普通名词由于不同的搭配或者不同的意义,可以分别属于不同的类别。如:paper意为“纸张”时是物质名词,属于不可数名词;但意为“报纸;试卷”时是个体名词,属于可数名词。
可数名词
可数
名词 用法 示例
分单复数两种形式。 apple—apples, bus—buses
前面可用不定冠词、基数词修饰。 an orange, three girls
可数名词的复数前可用many, some, any等修饰。 many friends, some dogs
1. 规则变化
类别 构成方法及读音 示例
一般情况 直接加-s,在清辅音后面读/s/,在元音和浊辅音后面读/z/。 day—days,　shirt—shirts,
friend—friends,　rose—roses
以s, x, ch, sh
等结尾的词 加-es,读/Iz/。 box—boxes,　
watch—watches,
bus—buses,　bush—bushes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词 变y为i再加-es, ies一起读/Iz/。 lady—ladies,　party—parties,
country—countries,　family—families
类别 构成方法及读音 示例
以f或fe结尾的词 变f或fe为v,再加-es, ves一起读/vz/。 leaf—leaves,　thief—thieves,
wolf—wolves,　life—lives
注意:scarf—scarfs/scarves
以o结尾的词 以辅音字母加o结尾的词加-es,读/z/。 hero—heroes,　potato—potatoes,
tomato—tomatoes
(巧记:英雄喜欢吃土豆和西红柿)
以元音字母加o结尾的、外来或缩写词加-s,读/z/。 radio—radios,　bamboo—bamboos,piano—pianos,　zoo—zoos,photo—photos
以f或fe结尾的名词变复数口诀
树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄,妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割粮;
架(shelf)后窜出一匹狼(wolf),就像小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。
2. 不规则变化
(1)内部元音字母发生变化。如:
foot—feet　　　　　　　man—men　　　 　mouse—mice　　　 　woman—women policeman—policemen
tooth—teeth goose—geese(鹅)
(2)词尾发生变化。如:
ox—oxen(公牛) child—children
(3)有个别名词单复数形式一样。如:
deer—deer(鹿) fish—fish sheep—sheep works—works(工厂)
(4)表示“某国人”的复数形式。
表示“某国人”的名词变复数遵循以下规律:中、日、瑞士不变,英法联盟a变e(man—men),其他要把-s加后面。
①单复数同形。如:
Chinese—Chinese Japanese—Japanese 　　Swiss—Swiss
②变man为men。如:
Frenchman—Frenchmen　 Englishman—Englishmen
③词尾加-s。如:
German—Germans　　　　　Russian—Russians　　　　　
Australian—Australians Indian—Indians
American—Americans Roman—Romans
(5)复合名词的复数形式。
①把复合词中的中心词变复数。如:a son-in-law—sons-in-law 女婿
②当第一部分为man或woman时,两部分皆变复数。如:
a man teacher—two men teachers　　　　　
a woman doctor—three women doctors
不规则复数变化形式
名词单变复,一些不规则,oo常要变ee,男人、女人a变e,鹿和绵羊是一家,单数复数不变化。
不可数名词
不可数名词前不能加不定冠词a/an,也无复数形式,可用much,some,any等修饰。
1. 中考中常见的不可数名词
rice大米　 news新闻　　　bread面包　 milk牛奶　　beef牛肉
food食物 orange橙汁 work工作 fun乐趣 advice建议
music音乐 trouble麻烦 time时间 weather 天气
information信息 homework家庭作业
2. 不可数名词的数量表达
不可数名词在表达数量关系时,可借助表示数量单位的短语。常用来表示数量单位的词有:piece, bowl, bottle, cup, glass等。如:
a bottle of orange juice 一瓶橙汁　　　　five bags of rice 五袋大米
名词所有格
类型 构成方法 示例
有生命的名词(人或物) 单数名词后直接加’s Lily’s book, the hero’s name
以-s结尾的复数名词只加’ the students’ pens, the teachers’ office
不以-s结尾的复数名词加’s Children’s Day, Women’s Day
表示时间、距离、国家等的名词 在词尾加’s half an hour’s walk
类型 构成方法 示例
表示几个人共同拥有的名词 只在最后一个词的后面加’s Lucy and Lily’s mother
表示每个人各自拥有的名词 在每个名词后加’s Lucy’s and Lily’s mothers
表示无生命的名词 一般用of结构 a map of the world, the door of the room
双重所有格
双重所有格的构成有两种形式:一种是“of+’s 所有格”,另一种是“of+名词性物主代词”。如:a picture of Lily’s 莉莉的一张照片,a friend of hers 她的一个朋友。
注:当of前的名词是photo, picture等时,双重所有格和of所有格表示的含义不同。如:
A:a photo of my father’s 我爸爸(拥有)的一张照片
B:a photo of my father 我爸爸(本人)的一张照片
一、单项选择。
( )1. (2025·连云港)The use of China’s first home-built ocean drilling(钻探) ship shows a big 　　　forward in China’s deep sea exploring.
A. hole B. flag C. bridge D. step
( )2. (2025·天津)Daming often asks his teacher for 　　　about how to improve his English.
A. noise B. shape C. advice D. life
D
C
( )3. (2025·安徽)David left the school pop group. Then I took over his
　　　as lead singer.
A. farm B. part C. role D. sale
( )4. (2025·天水)Qian Xuesen, father of China’s space program, is one of the greatest 　　　in the world.
A. farmers B. astronauts
C. directors D. scientists
C
D
( )5. (2025·天水)The Communist Party of China(CPC) was founded on
　　　1, 1921.
A. July B. August
C. September D. October
( )6. (2025·扬州)—What’s the advantage of your transport services
—Whether it’s by land, sea or air, we use our 　　　to serve you.
A. courage B. challenge
C. passage D. knowledge
A
D
( )7. (2025·江西)She gets up early every morning. It’s a good 　　　.
A. book B. habit C. tool D. day
( )8. (2025·云南)Alice, you must wear a uniform because it builds school 　　　 .
A. spirit B. chance
C. peace D. knowledge
B
A
( )9. (2025·遂宁)—Alan, could you pass me the 　　　over there I want to look up a word.
—Sure. Here you are.
A. pen B. dictionary
C. ruler D. pencil
( )10. (2025·绥化)They all think my eyes look bigger than 　　　.
A. my brother B. my brothers
C. my brother’s
B
C
( )11. (2025·齐齐哈尔)—Mum, I have a 　　　.
—You shouldn’t eat so many candies. We need to see a dentist right now.
A. stomachache B. toothache C. headache
( )12. (2025·福建)In the art classroom, Li Li cut out a thin wood board in the 　　　of Tian’anmen.
A. place 　　　 B. size 　　 　C. shape
B
C
( )13. (2025·龙东)—You’d better take a compass(指南针) when you are travelling in the forest. It is difficult to find the correct 　　　.
—OK, thanks for your advice.
A. direction 　　　　　B. condition C. information
( )14. (2025·吉林)To help cut down 　　　pollution, many people go to work on foot or by bike now.
A. air 　　 B. land 　 　 C. water
A
A
二、完形填空。
　　When I was a little boy, I always ran outside to play for a few hours on weekends. Then I came back home. How lovely the 　1　 smelt!
It was my Italian grandma making our 　2　 dinner. There was Italian bread with butter. There were meatballs, sometimes 　3　 and sometimes chicken.
( )1. A. family　 B. house　 C. flower
( )2. A. Sunday B. Monday C. Friday
( )3. A. news B. potatoes C. music
B
A
B
I remember we all got together around the 　4　. Then we ate with smiles, laughter, and joy. I always felt so peaceful and safe there. We always left dinner with happy 　5　.
As I got older and became an adult myself, I made efforts to cook something like 　6　 Sunday dinners. Often I would get very close to making a dinner like hers, but it was never quite right. Then I realized that I was doing something wrong.
( )4. A. kitchen B. festival C. table
( )5. A. mouths B. hearts C. stomachs
( )6. A. Grandma’s　　 B. Mother’s C. Grandpa’s
C
B
A
Although I was trying to bring back a 　7　, what I really wanted to do was to bring back a feeling. Those 　8　 which were prepared by my grandma were so wonderful. But that’s not the most important. What really matters is the 　9　 of love. Grandma always put her 　10　 into her cooking and her life. Since then I have done my best to do the same. No matter what I am cooking or what I am doing, I always try to do it with love.
( )7. A. sound B. meal C. taste
( )8. A. chicken B. dinners C. meatballs
( )9. A. feeling　　　　 B. performance C. challenge
( )10. A. courage B. love C. idea
C
B
A
B(共20张PPT)
专题四 介词
时间介词
介词 用法 示例
at 用在具体时刻、年龄、重大节日或黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜前。 at 9∶00, at Christmas, at midnight
on 用在星期、具体某一天或某一天的早、中、晚前,也可用于节假日前。 on Monday, on a hot day, on the morning of July 29th, on Children’s Day
介词 用法 示例
in 表示在较长的一段时间里,多接表示年代、月份、季节等名词或泛指一天的上午、下午及晚上,“in+一段时间”表示在一段时间之后,用于将来时。 in 2017, in summer, in May, in the morning, in four years
for 后跟时间段,表示“延续多久”。 We’ve lived in China for six years.我们在中国住了6年。
during 表示“在……期间”。 He enjoyed himself during the Spring Festival.他在春节期间玩得很开心。
介词 用法 示例
since 后跟过去时间点或一般过去时的句子,表示“自从(过去某时)以来”。 My mother has worked there since 2012.自2012年以来,我妈妈就在那里工作。
before 表示“在……之前”。 The new road should be completed before the end of the year.这条新公路应在年底前完工。
after 后跟时间段,多用于过去时;后跟时间点,表示“在……之后”,既可用于将来时,也可用于过去时。 He said he would be here after 9∶00.
他说他九点以后来这儿。
介词 用法 示例
until 在肯定句中,表示“直到……为止”,谓语用延续性动词;在否定句中,表示“直到……才”,谓语用非延续性动词。 He didn’t go to bed until 11 p.m. last night.
昨晚他直到11点才上床睡觉。
by 表示“到……为止”。 By tomorrow morning, the weather will be cool.到明天早上,天气就会转凉了。
方位介词
中考常考的方位介词(短语)有:at, in, on, to, before, behind, in front of, in the front of, outside, inside, between, among, above, below, under, over, across, through, across from, next to, beside, near …
1. at, in, on与to
介词 用法 示例
at 表地点时,多指较小的地方或某一点的具体位置。 at the station, at Jiefang Road
介词 用法 示例
in (1)表地点时,多指较大的地方。
(2)表示在某一地区的某方位(在该范围以内)。 (1)in the city, in China
(2)Guizhou is in the south of China.贵州在中国的南部。
on 表示两地接壤。 Hubei is on the north of Hunan.
湖北在湖南的北方。
to 表示在某一地区之外的某方位(不属于该范围),“在……面”,两地有一定的距离。 Japan is to the east of China.
日本在中国的东面。
2. on, above, below, over与under
介词 用法 例句
on 表示“在……上”,与表面接触。 There’s an apple on the desk.
桌子上有一个苹果。
above 表示“在……上方”,不接触表面,不一定是正上方,反义词below。 The bird is flying above my head.
那只鸟在我头顶上飞。
below 表示“在……下方”,不接触表面,不一定是正下方,above的反义词。 There is a bag below the desk.
桌子底下有个书包。
over 表示“在……正上方”,垂直的上方,不接触表面,与under 相对。 The bridge over the river has a long history.河上的这座桥历史悠久。
under 表示“在……正下方”,垂直的下方,over 的反义词。 Write your number under your name.
在你的名字下面写下你的编号。
3. across, through, over与past(讲解详见P29七年级下册Unit 6考点三)
4. between与among(讲解详见P23七年级下册Unit 5考点五)
5. 其他方位介词
near在……附近 next to在……旁边,附近 beside在……旁边
before在……前面 behind在……后面 inside在……里面
outside在……外面 along沿着 across from在……对面
方式介词
介词 用法 例句
by 表示“以……方式、方法或手段”,常与表示交通工具的名词连用。 She usually goes to school by bike.
她通常骑自行车去上学。
with 表示“用……工具、材料、身体的某一部分或器官”。 People often eat with chopsticks in China.在中国,人们通常用筷子吃饭。
in 表示“用……语言、语调、颜色等”。 What’s this in English
这个用英语怎么说
on 表示“用网络、电视、收音机、电话等”。 They talk on the phone every day.
他们每天在电话上交谈。
其他介词
介词 例句
about 关于;对于 Could you tell me about your life
你能告诉我关于你的生活吗
from 从……;来自……;表示距离 He comes from America.他来自美国。
How far is your home from here 你家离这儿有多远
with
与……一起;附有 She often goes shopping with her mother.
她经常和妈妈一起购物。
I’d like a house with a garden.
我想要一个带花园的房子。
介词 例句
without 没有 The teacher left without saying a word.
那个老师一句话没说就离开了。
of (属于)……的 Here is a photo of my family.这儿有一张我家人的照片。
for 对于;为了 What would you like for breakfast 你早餐想吃什么
Let me do it for you.让我为你做这件事。
to 向;到 Do you know the way to the zoo
你知道去动物园的路吗
as 作为 We have a job for you as a waiter.
我们有一份服务员的工作提供给你。
介词 例句
against
对抗;反对;靠着 Our class played against Class Three and we won.
我们班和三班比赛并且赢了。
I am against her opinions.我不同意她的观点。
along沿着 Go along this road until the end, and you’ll find it on your left.
沿着这条路走到尽头,你将发现它就在你的左边。
单项选择。
( )1. (2025·安徽)We can do a lot to develop writing skills. 　　　, keep a diary.
A. After all B. For example
C. As a result D. In a word
( )2. (2025·扬州)The best things 　　　life are free, like hugs, smiles, love and good memories.
A. on B. at C. by D. in
B
D
( )3. (2025·扬州)He wouldn’t allow bad moods to get 　　　when he was doing his job.
A. on the way B. in the way
C. along the way D. by the way
( )4. (2025·云南)Most students in our school go home 　　　bus on weekends.
A. in B. on C. at D. by
B
D
( )5. (2025·成都)Xizang opened its first flight to Hong Kong _______
February 19th, 2025.
A. in 　　 B. on 　　 　C. at
( )6. (2025·绥化)Everyone in my family does chores 　　　my little brother because he is only 10 months old.
A. besides 　　 B. except 　　 　C. beside
( )7. (2025·福建)—Do you like sports
—Sure. I am good 　　　table tennis.
A. of 　　 B. at 　　 　C. to
B
B
B
( )8. (2025·福建)Sue looked at her son 　　　. She couldn’t believe that he won the game.
A. in surprise 　　　　B. by mistake
C. on purpose
( )9. —May I take your order, Mr. Chen
—I’d like a cup of coffee and a cake 　　　.
A. by mistake 　　　　B. at times
C. as usual
A
C
( )10. —I’m thirsty. I’d like a bottle of water. How about you, Bob
—I prefer a cup of coffee 　　　nothing in it.
A. without 　　 B. with 　　　 C. to
( )11. —Did you have fun watching the volleyball game
—No. A tall man stood 　　　me. I couldn’t see the players at all.
A. next to 　　　 B. across from
C. in front of

B
C(共25张PPT)
专题七　动词与动词短语
动词的基本形式
动词表示动作或状态,在句中常起着连接主语和句子其他成分的作用。
根据动词在句子中的功能,可以把动词分为四类:实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。在不同的情况下,同一个动词可能属于不同的类别。
大部分动词有五种基本形式:动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。
1. 动词原形:即一般单词表中给出的形式。如:look, run, eat, drive。
2. 动词第三人称单数形式的构成规律
词尾形式 变化规则 例词
一般情况 在词尾加-s swim—swims　leave—leaves
以s, x, sh, ch, o结尾 在词尾加-es pass—passes　watch—watches　go—goes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i再加-es study—studies　carry—carries
不规则变化 have—has
3. 动词现在分词的构成规律
词尾形式 变化规则 例词
一般情况 直接加-ing play—playing　read—reading
以不发音的字母e结尾 去e加-ing live—living　write—writing
以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母 先双写该辅音字母,再加-ing put—putting　sit—sitting
plan—planning
以ie结尾 变ie为y再加-ing die—dying　lie—lying　
tie—tying
　4. 动词的过去式及过去分词的构成规律
(1)规则动词
词尾形式 变化规则 例词
一般情况 加-ed plant—planted　play—played
以不发音的字母e结尾 加-d live—lived　change—changed
以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i再加-ed carry—carried　study—studied
以重读闭音节或r音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母 先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed stop—stopped
prefer—preferred
　(2)不规则动词
AAA型(动词原形、过去式和过去分词同形)
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 动词原形 过去式 过去分词
cost cost cost let let let
cut cut cut put put put
fit fit fit read read read
hit hit hit shut shut shut
hurt hurt hurt spread spread spread
　　AAB型(动词原形和过去式同形)
动词原形 过去式 过去分词
beat beat beaten
　ABA型(动词原形和过去分词同形)
动词原形 过去式 过去分词
become became become
come came come
run ran run
ABB型(过去式和过去分词同形)
原形特征 过去式 过去分词 例词
-eep -ept -ept keep, sweep, sleep
-ell -old -old sell, tell
-end -ent -ent lend, spend, send
-ay -aid -aid say, pay
-n -nt -nt burn, learn, mean
-ought -ought bring, buy, fight, think
-aught -aught catch, teach
　ABC型(动词原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同)
原形特征 过去式 过去分词 例词
-eak -oke -oken break, speak
-eal -ole -olen steal
-ear -ore -orn wear, bear, tear
-ow -ew -own grow, blow, know, throw
-i- -a- -u- sink, swim, drink, ring, sing, begin
-i- -o- -n drive, rise
实义动词与助动词的用法
1. 实义动词的用法
类别 用法 例句
及物动词 本身含有实在意义,表示动作或状态,在句中独立作谓语。 可以直接接宾语 I know your name.
我知道你的名字。
不及物动词 不可以直接接宾语,必须在其后加上适当的介词 The baby is smiling at us.
婴儿正对着我们笑。
2. 助动词的用法
助动词本身无词义,不能单独用作谓语。它们在句中与实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气以及否定和疑问结构。常见的助动词及其用法如下:
助动词 用法
be am/is/are+现在分词→现在进行时 was/were+现在分词→过去进行时be+过去分词→被动语态
do 形式有do, does, did,用于构成否定句和疑问句,或用在动词原形前加强语气
have have/has+过去分词→现在完成时 had+过去分词→过去完成时
will/shall/would will/shall+动词原形→一般将来时 would+动词原形→过去将来时
为了避免重复,一些句子常常省略(前面提到过的)谓语动词,而用相应的助动词代替此谓语动词,助动词要与句子的人称、时态一致。如:
She won’t go there, but I will (=but I will go there).[用助动词will代替will go there]
—Do you have a pen
—Yes, I do (= I have a pen).[用助动词do代替have a pen]
系动词的用法
系动词用于连接主语和表语,表示主语的身份、性质和状态等。系动词不能单独作谓语,后面必须跟形容词、名词或介词短语作表语。英语中常见的系动词有:
系动词 词义 例句
am/is/are 是 He is my uncle.他是我的叔叔。
keep 保持 They always keep silent.他们总是保持沉默。
stay The bookstore stays open until 8:00 p.m.
这家书店会一直开到晚上八点。
系动词 词义 例句
become 变得 He has become a member of this club.
他已经成为这家俱乐部的会员了。
get It is getting dark.天色渐渐暗了。
go The milk has gone sour.这牛奶馊了。
turn The leaves are turning yellow.树叶正在变黄。
感官系动词feel, look, smell, sound, taste的用法见P43七年级下册 Unit 8考点三
单项选择。
( )1. (2025·连云港)New types of energy from the sun, wind and water
　　　little pollution and will never run out.
A. burn B. recycle
C. separate D. produce
( )2. (2025·连云港)Our class went on a camping trip last Sunday. We
　　　our tent near a lake.
A. put up B. made up
C. took up D. woke up
D
A
( )3. (2025·天津)When David sees these postcards, he will 　　 　his wonderful travel experiences.
A. remember B. borrow
C. hate D. trust
( )4. (2025·天津)The Whites like taking exercise, so they 　　　every morning.
A. make a list B. lay the table
C. make a mistake D. go for a walk
A
D
( )5. (2025·安徽)Paper-cutting is not easy to learn. It 　　　much practice, patience and imagination.
A. explains B. supports
C. provides D. requires
( )6. (2025·安徽)—Thanks a lot for yesterday. I had a good time visiting the ancient town.
—It was my great pleasure to 　　　with you.
A. hang out B. turn around
C. look up D. eat in
D
A
( )7. (2025·天水)　　　 you turn down the TV, please I’m trying to work.
A. Could B. Must
C. Might D. Should
( )8. (2025·天水)A low-fat diet can 　　　the risk of heart disease.
A. help B. reduce
C. encourage D. support
A
B
( )9. (2025·天水)It seems that 　　　is a worldwide way to greet someone for the first time.
A. kissing B. hugging
C. bowing D. shaking hands
( )10. (2025·天水)Don’t worry about me—I can 　　　myself.
A. look at B. look for
C. look out D. look after
D
D
( )11. (2025·扬州)Stress comes and goes. Sometimes you just need to 　　　 .
A. sit down B. fall down
C. calm down D. come down
( )12. (2025·江西)Mozart 　　　many pieces of beautiful music. That’s why he is so famous.
A. enjoyed B. created
C. bought D. heard
C
B
( )13. (2025·达州)—Now we need to come up with a plan to tell people about our book sales.
—I think we could 　　　a sign.
A. put off 　　　　 B. put up C. put in
( )14. (2025·遂宁)—Helen, 　　　the lights when you leave the room.
—OK, Mr. Smith. I got it.
A. turn on B. turn up
C. turn down D. turn off

B
D
( )15. (2025·绥化)It’s our duty to protect the nature because it 　　　us with fresh air and clean water.
A. provides 　　　　　B. compares C. refuses
( )16. (2025·绥化)The lights are still on and please 　　　to save energy.
A. turn it off 　　　 B. turn them off C. turn off them
( )17. (2025·福建)—I’d like to travel to Shandong.
—Mount Taishan is a place of interest. You can’t 　　　it.
A. miss 　　 B. reach 　　　 C. change
A
B
A
( )18. (2025·福建)—How did you 　　　the difficult math problem
—With my teacher’s help.
A. work out 　　　　　B. hear about C. give up
( )19. (2025·龙东)The stewardess(空中乘务员) announced, “Welcome to our flight. The plane will 　　　in ten minutes. Please fasten(系紧) your seat belts.”
A. turn off 　　　　　B. put off C. take off
A
C
( )20. (2025·吉林)The earth is our home. Everyone should begin with small things to 　　　it.
A. protect 　　　　　B. move C. leave
A(共21张PPT)
专题九　
情态动词与被动语态
在英语中,动词主要有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。当主语为动作的执行者时,谓语动词用主动语态;当主语为动作的承受者时,谓语动词用被动语态。
当我们不知道或者没有必要说明谁是动作的执行者,或者只需要强调动作的承受者时,要用被动语态。如:
Smoking isn’t allowed at the gas station.汽车加油站里不允许吸烟。
Your work must be finished today.你们的工作必须今天完成。
常见时态(含情态动词)的被动语态
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。常见时态(含情态动词)的被动语态的构成如下:
时态 被动结构 例句
一般现在时 am/is/are+过去分词 The classroom is cleaned every day.
这间教室每天都打扫。
一般过去时 was/were+过去分词 Our school was built in 1998.
我们的学校是1998年建造的。
一般将来时 will be+过去分词 The sports meeting will be held tomorrow.运动会将于明天举行。
现在完成时 have/has been+过去分词 The bank has been built.银行已经建成了。
含情态动词 情态动词+be+过去分词 The bike can’t be put here.
这辆自行车不能放在这里。
被动语态的特殊结构
类型 构成 例句
感官动词和使役动词的被动语态 感官动词see/hear/watch/feel等和使役动词make/let/have等后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾补,变为被动语态时,省略的to要加上。 We heard her sing in the room.→She was heard to sing in the room.
我们听见她在房间里唱歌。
动词短语的被动语态 短语是“动词+介词/副词”时,变被动语态时介词、副词不能丢。 We should speak to the old politely.→The old should be spoken to politely by us.我们应该有礼貌地和老人说话。
类型 构成 例句
主动表被动 feel, look, sound, smell, taste等系动词 The dishes taste so delicious.
这些菜尝起来很美味。
open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash, drive等词作不及物动词时 This kind of pen writes very smoothly.
这种钢笔写起来很流畅。
表示“发生、进行”等的不及物动词及短语(happen, take place, come out, run out, spread …) The water has run out.
水已经用完了。
When did the book come out
这本书什么时候出版的
作“需要”讲的need, want, require后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义 The problem requires studying with great care.这个问题需要仔细研究。
被动语态的固定搭配、句型
1.be made of, be made from, be made in与be made by
(讲解详见P134九年级上册Units 4考点一)
2.be used for, be used to do与be used as
(讲解详见P71八年级上册Units 3考点二)
一、单项选择。
( )1. (2025·连云港)From April 8, pet owners in China 　　　bring their cats or dogs on some high-speed trains.
A. must B. should
C. can D. need
( )2. (2025·连云港)The mini-programme “Clear Plate” is popular among young people. It 　　　to help deal with food waste.
A. will design B. will be designed
C. Designs D. is designed
C
D
( )3. (2025·天津)Chinese 　　　by more and more people from foreign countries today.
A. speaks B. spoke
C. is spoken D. will speak
( )4. (2025·天津)You 　　　tell Jim the good news because I’ve told him already.
A. need B. needn’t
C. can D. can’t
C
B
( )5. (2025·扬州)—Will you be able to finish the work in time
—I 　　　promise anything, but I’ll do my best.
A. can’t B. shouldn’t
C. couldn’t D. mustn’t
( )6. (2025·龙东)Chen Li is a friend who I trust all the time. He ______ 　　　lie to me.
A. can’t 　　 B. never 　　 C. mustn’t
A
A
( )7. (2025·天水)　　　 you turn down the TV, please I’m trying to work.
A. Could B. Must
C. Might D. Should
( )8. (2025·江西)—I hear that Jingdezhen Porcelain(瓷器) 　　　in Paris last month.
—Wow! Good news.
A. shows B. has shown
C. is shown D. was shown
A
D
( )9. (2025·云南)—Linda, can you do housework
—Yes, I　　　. I learned to cook at the age of eight.
A. must B. can
C. should D. need
( )10. (2025·南通)—Lily, how is Daniel’s plan for our class trip going on
—I’m not sure. It 　　　be completed. I saw him working on it this morning.
A. may not B. shouldn’t
C. can’t D. mustn’t
B
A
( )11. (2025·遂宁)—I have no time to buy things in the supermarket.
—Don’t worry. You can shop online instead. That way, you 　　　waste a lot of time going from shop to shop.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t
C. can’t D. shouldn’t
( )12. (2025·成都)—I’ve heard Lucy will join the art club.
—It 　　　be true. She’s already in the basketball club. We can only choose one.
A. should　　 B. can’t　　 C. must
A
B
( )13. (2025·成都)In April, some planarians(涡虫) 　　　into China’s space station for scientific research.
A. were taken 　　　　B. took C. were taking
( )14. (2025·绥化)My father is too tired. Something 　　　to keep him relaxed.
A. should do 　　　　 B. should be done C. must do
( )15. (2025·龙东)AI tools 　　　in more fields in the future.
A. is used 　　　　 B. will be used C. are used
A
B
B
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. New technology 　 (bring) to public by Open AI next year.
2. The library books can 　 (keep) for two weeks, but you should return them on time.
3. Many trees and flowers 　 (plant) in this city every spring.
4. Tourists 　 (punish) because of their impolite behavior in our country from now on.
will be brought　
be kept　
are planted　
will be punished　
5. He is often seen 　 basketball on the playground. I saw him 　
　 basketball when I passed by just now.(play)
6. What 　 　(happen) to her yesterday evening
7. The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge has improved people’s life a lot since it 　 (build).
8. The sharing bikes 　 (put) everywhere. Let’s collect and put them in the right place.
9. The dress you bought 　 　(feel) soft and smooth. It must cost a lot.
10. His guitar 　 (buy) as a gift for him last week.
to play　
playing
happened
was built　
are put　
feels
was bought　
三、语法选择。
When I was a kid, there were six people in my family. It was not a rich one. At that time, my parents were very strict with us four kids. For all of us, we 　1　 obey(遵守) the following rules made by them.
Get up early in the morning.
The whole day’s work depends on a good start in the morning. You 　2　 know that early birds catch worms(虫子).
( )1. A. may　　 B. could 　　 C. must
( )2. A. should B. may C. can
C
A
You really 　3　 know that a good rest is very important for your health. And it 　4　 also help you work better the next day.
Try hard to finish your work independently.
Don’t always depend on others. As the famous saying goes, “How 　5　 he sweep the world if he doesn’t sweep his own room ” You 　6　 understand this reason though not everybody gets the meaning of it.
( )3. A. can B. have to C. might
( )4. A. may B. must C. shall
( )5. A. need B. may C. can
( )6. A. must B. might C. should
B
A
C
B
Perhaps teens today 　7　 say it is not necessary for our parents to make such rules for us, but I don’t think so. Rules can help us know what we should or 　8　 do. Success 　9　 be won without rules. Now I’m a man over sixty and my grandchildren are teens. I always ask them to follow the family rules and the school rules, though they 　10　 like to make their own decisions. Actually they are allowed to do so sometimes.
( )7. A. shall B. need C. will
( )8. A. shouldn’t B. can’t C. needn’t
( )9. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t
( )10. A. dare B. would C. could
C
A
A
B(共18张PPT)
专题二 代词
人称代词、物主代词与反身代词
词类
　 数
人称 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
主格 宾格 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 形容词性 名词性
第一人称 I me we us my mine our ours myself ourselves
第二人称 you you you you your yours your yours yourself yourselves
第三人称 she her they them her hers their theirs herself themselves
he him his his himself
it it its its itself
反身代词的常见搭配:
help oneself to sth.随便吃/喝……　　　　　　　　
by oneself=alone 独自
enjoy oneself 玩得开心;过得愉快
dress oneself 自己穿衣服
teach oneself=learn … by oneself 自学
hurt oneself 伤着自己
指示代词
单数 复数 作用1 作用2 作用3
this these 近指:This is my pen. 打电话时,用于介绍自己:This is Emily speaking. 指代下文将要提及的事。如:Please remember this:“No pains, no gains.”
that those 远指:That is his book. 打电话时,用于询问对方是谁:Who’s that speaking 指代上文刚刚提过的事。如:She was ill. That was why she didn’t do her homework.
it, one, that作代词时的用法区别
it 特指上下文提到的同类同物的单数可数名词。 I can’t find my key. I think I must have lost it.
我找不到我的钥匙。我想我一定弄丢了它。
one 代替上下文提及的同类异物的可数名词,表示泛指,复数形式ones。 I have some apples. You can have one.
我有一些苹果。你可以吃一个。
that 代替前面提到的不可数名词,避免重复。those指代复数的人或物。 The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shenzhen.北京的天气比深圳的天气冷。
不定代词
1. some与any
(1)some 和any 都表示“一些,几个”。some通常用于肯定句中,any 通常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。如:
—Are there any boys on the playground 操场上有一些男生吗
—No, there aren’t. There are some girls.不,没有。有一些女生。
(2)在表示邀请、请求或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中,常用some。如:
Would you like some beef 你想要一些牛肉吗
(3)any 也用于肯定句中,表示“任何”。如:
I can see you at any time on Monday.星期一任何时间我都能见你。
2. both, neither, either与none
(讲解详见P120九年级上册Unit 2考点二)
3. other, the other, others, the others 与another
(讲解详见P78八年级上册Unit 4考点一)
4. few, a few, little与a little
(讲解详见P12七年级上册Units 3—4考点二)
5. every与each
代词 词性 意义 用法 与of搭配 在句子中的功能
every 仅作限定词 强调整体 不可单独使用,用于三者或三者以上中的每个人或物。 不可 定语
each 可作限定
词或代词 强调个体 可单独使用,用于两者或两者以上中的每个人或物。 可 主语、宾语、
定语、同位语
Every day is a new opportunity.每天都是一个新的机会。
We each have a desk.我们每个人都有一张桌子。
一、单项选择。
( )1. (2025·天津)　　　 sister is in the school tennis team. I’m proud of 　　　 .
A. I; she B. I; her
C. My; she D. My; her
( )2. (2025·天水)The purple scarf is not the girl’s. 　　　is blue.
A. Its B. Hers C. Mine D. His
D
B
( )3. (2025·扬州)Red squirrels depend on 　　　thicker winter fur and food hidden in autumn to survive.
A. its B. our
C. their D. your
( )4. (2025·福建)My parents love our hometown so much that 　　　of them have gone back to help build a new countryside.
A. all 　 　B. both 　 　C. either
C
B
( )5. (2025·达州)—Who left a notebook in the English club
—It’s not 　　　. Maybe it’s 　　　.
A. me; Jack’s B. mine; Jack’s
C. mine; Jack
( )6. (2025·遂宁)—At Chengdu Research Base, the panda, Huahua, is very popular and people stand in a long line to see her.
—She is so lovely that 　　　could say no to her.
A. everybody B. anybody
C. somebody D. nobody
B
D
( )7. (2025·成都)Miss Li always has a lot of work to do. For her, ______
is more important than a proper plan.
A. nothing B. something C. anything
( )8. (2025·绥化)Chen Chao still sticks to teaching 　　　English though he is busy working now.
A. he B. his C. himself
A
C
( )9. (2025·齐齐哈尔)—The math problem was difficult. Did you ask your teacher for help or search for it on the Internet
—　　　. I worked it out by myself.
A. Either　　 B. Neither　 　C. Both
( )10. (2025·福建)—I am going to meet Miss Chen in two days.
—Please send my best wishes to 　　　.
A. her 　 B. she 　　 C. herself
B
A
二、语法选择。
When I was five years old, I was far away from my parents. I was just living with my aunt, uncle, grandma and my sister. Most of them said that I was stupid.
When I was six years old, I started the grade school. No matter what 　1　 estimated(评估) my ability, I knew 　2　 I should do. Through my hard work, I got the top 3 at the end of the school year.
( )1. A. other　 B. others　 C. the others
( )2. A. how B. why C. what
B
C
3　 was proud of it in my family. And still my parents were away. I hoped that they would be home soon to even just see my achievements. Though I had no supports during 　4　 days, in the second grade I still kept my grades. I decided to continue the things that made me best. I was not that smart but I had courage to do 　5　.
( )3. A. Someone B. Everyone C. Anyone
( )4. A. this B. that C. those
( )5. A. something great B. anything great C. great something
B
C
A
During my high school days I was a bit naughty(淘气), so I was thought to belong to the lower section of intelligence in our school. My teacher lost hope and so did my mom. But I proved(证明) to 　6　 that they were wrong. In the last year of high school, I made my name on the list of the Academic Awardee(获奖者). Our school has a lot of excellent students, but I studied hard and got 　7　 fourth.
( )6. A. they B. their C. them
( )7. A. a B. an C. the
C
C
I’m a college student now. There are still some problems around that give 　8　 challenge. But as it has been in the past, I tell 　9　, “This is just a Test of Life. I can get through this.” I have problems and weakness, but 　10　 doesn’t mean I have no right to be better. Life is always a test on how strong we are to live.
( )8. A. mine B. me C. my
( )9. A. myself B. itself C. ourselves
( )10. A. its B. one C. it

B
A
C(共16张PPT)
专题一 冠词
不定冠词a和an的用法
用法 示例
用于第一次提到的、表示人或物的可数的单数名词前,相当于one。 This is a book.这是一本书。
泛指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。 A doctor is a person who saves people’s lives.
医生是拯救人们生命的人。
用法 示例
用在重量、长度、时间等单位名词前,表示“每一”。 An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
每天一个苹果,医生远离我。
用在序数词前表示“又一;再一”。 He copied the article a second time.
他再一次抄袭了这篇文章。
用于一些固定短语中。 have a look看一看
注:(1)a 用在以辅音音素开头的名词前,如a house;以元音字母开头,但第一个音素是辅音音素时,要用a,如a university, a European country。
(2)an用在以元音音素开头的名词前,如an egg/apple;以辅音字母开头,但第一个音素是元音音素时,要用an,如an hour, an honest girl。
定冠词the的用法
用法 示例
特指某个(些)人或某个(些)事物。 The pen on the desk is mine.
桌上的钢笔是我的。
指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。 Look at the blackboard, please.请看黑板。
指上文提到过的人或事物。 I have a pen. The pen cost me twenty yuan.
我有一支钢笔。这支钢笔花了我20元。
用法 示例
用于序数词、形容词或副词最高级前。 the first boy, the tallest girl
用于世界上独一无二的事物或乐器名词前。 the sun, the moon, play the piano
用于某些形容词前,表示一类人。 the poor, the old
用于“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构中。 The more you eat, the fatter you will be.
你吃得越多,就会越胖。
用于姓氏复数之前,表示“一家人”。 the Greens, the Whites
用于某些专有名词前或一些固定短语中。 the Great Wall, in the morning
零冠词
用法 示例
可数名词复数和不可数名词表示一般概念或类别时。 Horses are useful animals.马是有用的动物。
Paper is made from wood.纸是木头做的。
球类、棋类、学科或表示三餐的名词前。 play basketball, play chess, have dinner
名词前有物主代词、指示代词或不定代词修饰时。 my schoolbag, that boy
用法 示例
在星期、月份、季节、公共节日、假日前。 on Monday, in June, in summer, on New Year’s Day
表示交通方式的介词短语中。 by bike, by bus
在一些固定短语中,在专有名词,表示称呼、职位、头衔的名词前。 at home, go to school, Wuhan, Mum
一、单项选择。
( )1. (2025·天津)Mary usually rides 　　　bike to school. Sometimes she also goes by 　　　bus.
A. a; 不填 B. 不填; a
C. the; a D. a; a
( )2. (2025·天水)Look at the photo of my family! 　　　man in a white T-shirt is my father.
A. A B. An C. The D. /
A
C
( )3. (2025·成都)I volunteered as 　　　guide in Chengdu Museum last weekend.
A. an 　　 B. the 　　 　C. a
( )4. (2025·绥化)There was 　　　one-meter-tall robot welcoming me when I went into the bank.
A. an 　　 B. a 　　　 C. the
( )5. (2025·齐齐哈尔)—How time flies! Junior high school days are over.
—Yes, I will miss 　　　3-year happy school life.
A. a 　　 B. an 　　 C. the
C
B
C
( )6. (2025·龙东)—How do you like 　　　movie Nezha 2
—I think it is 　　　exciting movie.
A. the; a 　　　　 B. a; the C. the; an
C
二、用恰当的冠词填空。
1. Jim started to play 　 　 violin when he was five.
2. She often plays 　 　 chess on weekends.
3. I usually have 　 　 breakfast at 7 o’clock, and I had 　 　 big breakfast this morning.
4. We had a nice talk for 　 　 hour on 　 　 phone and he seemed pretty encouraged.
5. Such 　 　 weather really makes us feel sick. We are thirsty for _____
heavy rain.
the
/
/
/
a
an
the
a
6. I have never heard such 　 　 unusual story. It is about 　 　 old man who worked in a forest.
7. —What 　 　 heavy rain it was!
—Yes, but I love 　 　 air after it rains. It smells so fresh.
8. —Have you seen 　 　 movie Avengers:Age of Ultron
—Yeah. And I want to watch it 　 　 second time.
9. Charley Oakley, 　 　 NBA All-star, hasn’t missed 　 　 game in the past three years.
10. 　 　 woman in red is my aunt. She is 　 　 teacher.
a
a
a
an
an
a
an
the
the
The
三、语法选择。
Mevan Babakar had a difficult start in life. Her family escaped from Iraq to Europe during the Gulf War in 　1　 1990s. They spent 　2　 year in a camp where people lived in bad conditions. She was a little child then, but she used to think it could be the end of 　3　 world every day. Future to her was 　4　 dream that would never come true.
( )1. A. the　　　 B. a　　　 C. an
( )2. A. an B. a C. /
( )3. A. an B. a C. the
( )4. A. the B. an C. a
A
B
C
C
One day, she stood there alone, watching other children playing in 　5　 sun. Their laughter and happiness made her find herself nowhere to go. Just then, a man who worked in the camp pushed 　6　 red, shiny bike and came up to her. “It’s for you,” he said to her. Little Mevan was so joyful to get 　7　 bike and laughed loudly, covering her mouth with her dirty hands. From then on, she believed that there would be hope and chances.
( )5. A. an B. the C. /
( )6. A. a B. an C. the
( )7. A. a B. the C. /
B
A
B
Mevan now works and lives happily in 　8　 London. She decided to find the man and put up 　9　 old photo of them in the camp on Twitter. To her surprise, people helped her find the worker named Egbert soon. He is living in Germany now. Later on, the pair met again and Mevan showed her thanks to him. But Egbert thought giving away the bike to Mevan was such 　10　 small action that it was not worth mentioning.
( )8. A. a B. / C. an
( )9. A. an B. a C. /
( )10. A. the B. / C. a
B
A
C(共26张PPT)
专题六　形容词与副词
形容词的用法与构成
形容词是描述人或事物的性质、特征或状态的词类,主要用来修饰名词和部分代词。
1. 形容词的用法:形容词可用来作定语、表语、宾语补足语。
2. 形容词构成
在名词后面加-y; -ern; -ly; -en; -ful; -less; -n。如:cloud—cloudy,west—western,friend—friendly, wood—wooden, care—careful, home—homeless, America—American
多个形容词作前置定语修饰名词时的顺序:
如:a nice large square old brown wooden table 一张又大又漂亮的古老的棕色方木桌
副词的用法与构成
副词是指在句中表示动作或状态特征的词,常用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子等,表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。
1. 副词的分类:包括时间、地点、方式、程度、频度、疑问、连接、关系、句子副词。
如:now,there,carefully,much,usually,where,however,how,why,luckily等。
2. 副词的功能与位置:副词可用来作状语、表语、宾语补足语、后置定语。
3. 形容词变副词
①一般情况下,在形容词后加-ly,如:quick—quickly;
②以y结尾的双音节词,变y为i再加-ly,如:happy—happily;单音节词直接加-ly,如:shy—shyly;
③以e结尾的开音节词,直接加-ly,如:wide—widely;元音字母加e结尾的,去e加-ly,如:true—truly;以le结尾的,去e加-y,如:terrible—terribly;
④不规则变化:good—well。
形容词、副词比较等级的构成
不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/ill/badly worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
1. elder和eldest可用来表示长幼顺序。如:
my elder sister 我的姐姐　　　　their eldest son 他们的长子
2. further除表示“较远”外,还可表示“进一步”;而farther仅表示距离。如:
The farther planets are too cold.更远的行星太冷。
Do you need any further help 你还需要更进一步的帮助吗
比较等级的几种常用句型结构
1. 原级句型
结构 意义 例句
as+原级+as 与……一样 She is as tall as her mother.
她和她的妈妈一样高。
not as/so+原级+as 不如…… The weather here is not as/so hot as that in Chongqing.
这儿的天气不如重庆热。
2. 比较级句型
类型 结构 意义 例句
两者比较,表示一方超过另一方时 比较级+than 比…… China is larger than Italy.
中国比意大利大。
两者比较,表示一方不及另一方时 less+原级+than(此结构不用于单音节词) 不如…… He thinks English is less important than Chinese.
他认为英语不如汉语重要。
类型 结构 意义 例句
表示程度的递增或递减 比较级+and+比较级 越来越…… Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
我们的国家正变得越来越强大。
两种情况同时变化 the+比较级,the+比较级 越……,
越…… The more, the better.
多多益善。
两者相比较 the+比较级+of the two+名词复数 较……
的一个 John is the cleverer of the two boys.约翰是两个男孩中较聪明的那一个。
3. 最高级句型
结构 意义 例句
the+最高级+范围 最…… Spring is the best season of the year.
春天是一年中最好的季节。
the+序数词+最高级+名词+范围 第几最…… Mike is the second tallest boy in his class.
迈克是他们班上第二高的男孩。
one of the+最高级+复数名词+范围 最……之一 Kobe is one of the best basketball players in the NBA. 科比是NBA最好的篮球运动员之一。
1. 修饰比较级常用的词和短语主要有much, a little, even, still, a lot, far, a bit, any等。如:
It is much colder than yesterday.今天比昨天冷得多。
My apple is a little bigger than yours.我的苹果比你的大一点。
注意:very, quite常用于修饰原级,不能修饰比较级。如:
他比我高很多。
He is very taller than me.(×)　　　　　He is much taller than me.(√)
2. 倍数的表达方式
(1)A+be+倍数+as+原级+as+B　如:
Our school is three times as big as theirs.我们的学校是他们的三倍大。
(2)A+be+倍数+比较级+than+B　如:
The box is twice bigger than that one.这个箱子比那个大两倍。
(3)A+be+倍数+the size(length/amount …)+of+B　如:
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球的体积是月球的49倍。
3. 用比较级时要避免与自身进行比较,若比较的对象属于同一范围,要用以下句型表示“比其他的任何……都……”。
比较级+than+
Lin Tao is taller than any other student in his class.
林涛比他班上其他任何学生都高。
Lucy is taller than all the other girls in her class.
露西比她班上所有其他的女孩都高。
Jack studies harder than anyone else in his class.
杰克比班上其他的学生学习都刻苦。
单项选择。
( )1. (2025·连云港)Dolphins are good at driving fish to the coast. Fishermen often work 　　　with them to catch fish.
A. heavily B. closely
C. slowly D. politely
( )2. (2025·连云港)A local charity organization teaches the disabled
　　　skills to find jobs on their own.
A. lively B. strict
C. practical D. medium
B
C
( )3. (2025·天津)When you are in danger, you should keep 　　　and try to find some help.
A. simple B. sick
C. lazy D. calm
( )4. (2025·天津)Lingling is one of 　　　students in my class. She is always ready to offer help.
A. Helpful B. more helpful
C. less helpful D. the most helpful
D
D
( )5. (2025·天津)Sally can cook so well that she 　　　will not get hungry at home.
A. loudly B. certainly
C. suddenly D. slowly
( )6. (2025·安徽)—Saying ‘Would you please …’ is a good way to ask somebody to do something.
—Yes. It makes you sound 　　　.
A. straight B. polite
C. funny D. young
B
B
( )7. (2025·安徽)Every time I felt down, my best friend would say _____
to me, “Everything will be fine.”
A. relatively B. safely
C. softly D. thankfully
( )8. (2025·天水)City life is full of opportunities. Country life, however, is 　　　and more peaceful.
A. dearer B. quieter
C. busier D. colder
C
B
( )9. (2025·扬州)With hard work and clear plans, you will become _____
in your study.
A. successful B. honest
C. generous D. cheerful
( )10. (2025·江西)After many years of trying, I 　　　achieved my dream.
A. finally B. quite
C. ever D. especially
A
A
( )11. (2025·江西)—Dad, could I spend my pocket money on beautiful dresses
—It’s OK. But I think spending it on books is 　　　.
A. less meaningful B. less comfortable
C. more meaningful D. more comfortable
( )12. (2025·云南)Journey to the West is one of 　　　classic novels in China. People like reading it.
A. Famous B. more famous
C. the more famous D. the most famous
C
D
( )13. (2025·达州)—If 　　　people drive cars, there will be 　　　air pollution.
—I think so. I hope our environment will be better and better.
A. fewer; less B. less; fewer C. more; less
( )14. (2025·遂宁)—Be careful! The traffic light is red. It’s 　　　to cross the street now. Wait a minute.
—Thank you for reminding me.
A. busy B. dangerous
C. crowded D. safe
A
B
( )15. A new term is coming. Susan is making a plan 　　　to improve her study.
A. suddenly B. politely
C. carefully D. easily
( )16. (2025·成都)Mount Gongga is the 　　　mountain in Sichuan, higher than any other in this area.
A. high　　 B. higher　 C. highest
C
C
( )17. (2025·绥化)Lin Tao ran 　　　to get the first place in the 100-metre race.
A. enough fast 　　　 B. fast enough
C. slow enough
( )18. (2025·齐齐哈尔)Music is part of my life. In my opinion, life without music would be empty and 　　　.
A. meaningless 　　　 B. useless
C. careless
B
A
( )19. (2025·齐齐哈尔)I’m worried about my friend because I haven’t heard from him 　　　.
A. exactly B. suddenly C. recently
( )20. (2025·福建)AI technology in China has developed 　　　than anyone expected.
A. fast B. faster C. fastest
( )21. (2025·福建)Harbin held the 9th Asian Winter Games 　　　in February 2025.
A. quickly 　　　 B. suddenly C. successfully
C
B
C
( )22. (2025·福建)—Mom, let’s go to the supermarket.
—Wait a moment. It’s 　　　to make a shopping list first.
A. wise B. friendly C. difficult
( )23. (2025·龙东)Robots will make our lives 　　　than before.
A. much convenient B. much more convenient
C. the most convenient
( )24. (2025·吉林)It’s a 　　　way for students to use both sides of paper to avoid waste.
A. busy B. good C. quiet
A
B
B(共22张PPT)
专题十三　句子的种类
简单句的基本句型
类型 例句 备注
主语+谓语(不及物动词) We study hard.
我们努力学习。 某些不及物动词加特定介词后可带宾语,如listen to等。
主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 I like apples.
我喜欢苹果。 宾语为代词时,要用宾格代词。
主语+系动词+表语 The girl is kind.这个女孩很友好。 表语多为名词或形容词,系动词look, taste, smell等后面常跟形容词。
类型 例句 备注
主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语 She bought me a card.
她给我买了一张卡片。 常见的此类动词:give, buy, show, pass等。
主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 He made the baby cry.
他把这个婴儿弄哭了。
I often hear a boy sing.
我经常听见一个男孩唱歌。 常见的此类动词:make, keep, let, see, hear, notice等。
常见的特殊疑问词(代词和副词) 和特殊疑问词组
what什么
(可用来询问职业) which哪一个 when什么时候 why为什么
how如何;怎样 where(在)哪里 who谁 whom谁(宾格)
whose谁的 what time几点 what day星期几 what colour
什么颜色
what/how about ……怎么样 how much
多少;多少钱 how many多少 how far多远
how long 多长;多久 how soon过多久 how often 多久一次 how old多少岁
how heavy多重 how big多大 how tall/high 多高 how deep多深
祈使句
祈使句表示请求、命令、劝告、叮嘱、号召、建议等。
构成 例句
以动词原形开头 Pass him the coffee, please.请给他递咖啡。
Don’t pass him coffee.别给他递咖啡。
以let开头(否定形式为let sb. not do) Let her go.让她走。
Let her not go.别让她走。
Never+动词原形 Never pass him the coffee.不要给他递咖啡。
No+名词或动名词 No litter!勿乱扔垃圾!
感叹句
类型 结构 例句
How型 How+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数形式(+主语+谓语)! How beautiful a picture it is!
多么漂亮的一幅画啊!
How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)! How cute the dog is!
这只狗多么可爱啊!
How+主语+谓语! How time flies!时间过得多么快啊!
类型 结构 例句
How型 How+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数形式(+主语+谓语)! How beautiful a picture it is!
多么漂亮的一幅画啊!
How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)! How cute the dog is!
这只狗多么可爱啊!
How+主语+谓语! How time flies!时间过得多么快啊!
倒装句
倒装有两种:只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫部分倒装;将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫完全倒装。具体如下:
类型 结构 例句 备注
部分倒装 So+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语 I like reading English, and so does he.我喜欢读英语,他也喜欢。 表示与上文提到的肯定情况相同
Neither/Nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语 You won’t go, and neither shall I.你不去,我也不去。 表示与上文提到的否定情况相同
类型 结构 例句 备注
部分倒装 Only+状语+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他 Only in this way can you make progress in your English.只有这样你才能在英语方面取得进步。 only修饰主语时,不需要倒装
Seldom/Never/Not only …+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他 Not only does he speak English very well, but also he speaks French well.他不但英语说得好,而且法语也说得好。 如果置于句首的not only … but also …仅连接两个并列词语,不用倒装结构
全部
倒装 Here/There+谓语动词+名词主语 Here comes the bus.
公交车来了。 主语是人称代词时,主语和谓语语序不变
注:当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时,不用倒装结构。意为“的确如此”。如:
—He is a good actor.他是个好演员。
—So he is.的确如此。
一、单项选择。
( )1. (2025·天水)—　　　 are the trousers
—20 pounds.
A. How many B. How long
C. How far D. How much
( )2. (2025·扬州)—　　　 do you remember about this week’s news
—None, I’m afraid.
A. How many B. How much
C. How soon D. How long
D
B
( )3. (2025·云南)　　　 kind boy Mike is! He always helps his classmates with math.
A. How B. What
C. What a D. What an
( )4. (2025·遂宁)—Excuse me, sir. 　　　is it from here to the train station
—Oh, it’s about ten minutes’ walk.
A. How long B. How soon
C. How often D. How far
C
D
( )5. (2025·成都)—　　　 is the sports center closed today
—Here’s a notice. Let’s have a look.
A. Why 　 B. How 　 C. Whether
( )6. (2025·绥化)　　　 good advice it is! I’m sure to make many friends at the party.
A. How 　 B. What a 　　　 C. What
( )7. (2025·绥化)Jim doesn’t know anything about DeepSeek. 　　　his brother.
A. So does B. Neither doesn’t C. Neither does
A
C
C
( )8. (2025·龙东)—We are going to the Sanxingdui Ruins(三星堆遗迹).
　　 　we are!
—Have a good time!
A. What excited B. How excited C. How exciting
( )9. (2025·天水)Look! There 　　　a notebook and three keys on the desk.
A. is B. was
C. are D. were
B
A
( )10. (2025·广元)—Mike, 　　　such a loud noise in the room. Your sister is sleeping.
—OK, Dad. I won’t do that again.
A. making B. to make
C. don’t make D. make
( )11. (2025·北京)—Steve, 　　　did you begin to learn how to play chess
—About two years ago.
A. what B. when C. why D. where
C
B
( )12. (2025·凉山)—Look! The students are learning paper cutting in the club.
—Wow! 　　　interesting it is.
A. How　　 B. What　　 C. What an
( )13. He 　　　have breakfast because he woke up late this morning.
A. does B. did
C. doesn’t D. didn’t
A
D
( )14. —Tom will have a birthday party next Sunday. Do you want to go
—If you go, 　　　.
A. so I will B. so will I C. neither will I
( )15. —The old man never feels lonely, ____________
—No, because he has many friends.
A. does he B. won’t he C. doesn’t he
B
A
( )16. Only after he had spoken out the word 　　　he had made a big mistake.
A. he did realize B. he realized
C. did he realize D. didn’t he realize
( )17. (2025·长春)　　　, Tutu, or you will be late for class. Only two minutes left.
A. Hurry up B. To hurry up
C. Hurrying up D. Hurried up
C
A
( )18. —Does your brother have to run for half an hour after school every day
—　　　. He can run twice a week.
A. Yes, he has B. Yes, he does
C. No, he hasn’t D. No, he doesn’t
D
二、用恰当的词填空。
1. 　 　 exciting news you’ve brought us!
2. 　 　 difficult homework we had yesterday!
3. 　 cute dog it is!
4. 　 　 good time we had on the beach yesterday!
5. 　 　 bad the weather in England is!
6. —　 have you been in Shenzhen
—For 6 years.
What
What
What a　
What a　
How
How long　
7. Let’s do some running after school, 　
8. Don’t be so impolite, 　
9. Tom seldom goes to school on foot, 　 　 he
10. —　 　 does your mother do
—She is a teacher.
shall we　
will you　
does
What(共20张PPT)
专题十二　宾语从句
引导词
在复合句中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。其结构是:主句+引导词+从句。学习时要掌握宾语从句的三要素:引导词、时态、语序。
引导词
1.陈述句：引导词用that, 常省略。
2.一般疑问句：引导词whether/if, 意为“是否”。在whether…
or not结构中, whether 不能用 if替换。
3.特殊疑问句：常用what, when, where, which, who, how等特殊疑问词作引导词
时态+语序
1. 时态
主句为一般现在时时,从句的时态不受主句时态的限制,根据实际情况使用相应的时态。
主句为一般过去时时,从句只能用过去的某种时态。
从句表示的是客观事实、真理时,从句的时态不受主句时态的限制,用一般现在时。
2. 语序:陈述句语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他”。
3. 否定前移:当主句的谓语是think, believe, consider, expect等时,从句的否定词要转移到主句上。如:I don’t think he will come to my party.我认为他不会来参加我的聚会。
宾语从句的简化
简化
think，make，find等引导的宾语从句，可转换为简单句，即“think/make/find+宾语+宾补结构”。如：
His mother found that he was a clever boy.
=His mother found him a clever boy.
他的母亲发现他是个聪明的男孩。
有连接代词who, what, which或连接副词when, why, how, where等引导的宾语从句可转换为“疑问句+不定式”结构。如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station
=Could you tell me how to get to the station？
你能告诉我去车站怎么走吗
一、单项选择。
( )1. (2025·天津)—Could you tell me　　　
—Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.
A. what are you reading B. why do you like reading
C. what you are reading D. why you like reading
( )2. (2025·安徽)—Mom, could you tell me 　　　we used to visit my grandparents every week
—They will be happy to see us.
A. what B. why C. where D. how
C
B
( )3. (2025·天水)—Excuse me, do you know 　　　
—Sure. It’s at 9:00 a.m. next Monday.
A. where I can find a supermarket
B. what happened after that
C. when the concert will start
D. who is the winner of the race
C
( )4. (2025·扬州)—Could you tell me 　　　, sir
—Sure. It creates music in your own style.
A. if the AI app is expensive
B. where the AI app was developed
C. when the AI app came into use
D. what the AI app can do
D
( )5. (2025·云南)—Tom, could you please tell me 　　　
—Last month.
A. when did you join the basketball club
B. when you joined the basketball club
C. why did you join the basketball club
D. why you joined the basketball club
B
( )6. (2025·连云港)—Could you help me plan a day out in Lianyungang
—You can try Donghai Crystal(水晶) Museum. There you can learn 　　　.
A. whether crystal is formed B. how crystal is formed
C. whether is crystal formed D. how is crystal formed
( )7. (2025·达州)—Excuse me. Could you tell me 　　　
—Sure. Go straight and turn left at the end of the road. You can find it.
how I can get to the library
B. when I can get to the library
C. how can I get to the library
B
A
( )8. (2025·遂宁)—Could you please tell me 　　　
—Certainly, there is a modern library on Binjiang Road. You can find different kinds of books here.
A. how far the library is
B. what I can learn from books
C. if there is a mall near here
D. where I can find a quiet place to read
D
( )9. (2025·绥化)—What did Peter say to you just now, Kate
—He asked me 　　　.
A. if I have read the book Little Women
B. whether will I believe in him
C. if I joined the music club
C
( )10. (2025·齐齐哈尔)—Could you please tell me 　　　after junior high school
—Miss Wu. She was always patient with me in English class.
A. who you will miss the most
B. what your favourite teacher is like
C. what you think of your English teacher
A
( )11. (2025·凉山)—Sarah, could you tell me 　　　
—About ten minutes’ walk.
A.how far it is from your home to school
B.how long it takes you to walk to school
C.how you get to school from your home
A
( )12. (2025·龙东)I often look through the weather report on the mobile phone. It shows 　　　.
A. what will the weather be like
B. what is the weather like
C. how the weather will be
C
( )13. (2025·南通)—Daniel, I want to read the book Journey to the West. But I don’t know 　　　.
—You can try Nantong Library.
A. how I can get one
B. what I should take with me
C. when I can borrow one
D. if I can take Underground Line 1
A
( )14. (2025·武汉)—David, what’s the meaning of “A promise is a promise”
—It tells us 　　　.
A. what promise we must keep
B. when do we make a promise
C. why should we make a promise
D. how important keeping a promise is
D
( )15. This old saying “Think twice before acting.” tells us 　　　.
A. how should we take action
B. when should we think carefully
C. what we should do before making a decision
D. why we should think carefully before acting
C
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. Simon, you look smart in the T-shirt. Could you tell me where you 　
　(buy) it
2. He said that he 　 (go) back to the US soon.
3. Scientists have proved that the earth 　 　(turn) around the sun.
4. I don’t know when he 　 (come) back tomorrow. When he 　
　(come) back, I’ll tell you.
5. He hasn’t decided whether 　 (go) by bus or by train.
bought
would go　
turns
will come　
comes
to go　(共11张PPT)
专题三 数词
基数词
表示数目或者数量多少的词叫基数词。其常见用法如下:
1. 表示日期、时刻、顺序和编号、电话号码和年代
2. 年龄的表达
(1)用阿拉伯数字或基数词表示。如:15/fifteen years old十五岁
(2)at the age of后加基数词,意为“在……岁时”,后面不再加years old。如:at the age of eighteen在十八岁时
(3)“in one’s+整十数的复数形式”表示“在某人几十多岁时”。如:in his thirties在他三十多岁时
(1)“基数词+连字符+名词”(=形容词)作定语,名词用单数形式。如:
a ten-minute walk=ten minutes‘ walk步行十分钟的路程
(2)another+基数词+名词复数=基数词+more+名词复数。如:
another three boys=three more boys另外三个男生
(3)数词与表示时间、距离、重量、金钱、度量等的词连用作主语,在主系表结构中常被看作是一个整体,谓语动词用单数。如:
Ten dollars is enough to buy the book.十美元足够买这本书了。
(4)分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1,分母加“-s”;分数作主语时,谓语动词与分数所修饰的名词的数保持一致。如:two fifths五分之二
序数词
表示顺序先后的词叫序数词。其常见用法如下:
1. 表示顺序时,序数词前必须加the,其后接单数名词。
2. 序数词前若有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格等限定词,则不加the。如:
It’s my first time to visit Chongqing.这是我第一次来重庆旅游。
3. 序数词前面也可以加不定冠词a或an,表示“又一、再一”,内含顺序性。如:a second time又一次
4. 序数词与基数词连用时,通常是序数词在前面。如:the first three pages of the book这本书的前三页
5. 序数词修饰谓语动词时,定冠词the省略。如:
The team ranks first in our school.该队在我们学校排名第一。
概数词
1. 表示确切的数字(具体数字+概数词+名词复数)
hundred, thousand, million等词与具体的数字one, two …或several, some, many等连用时,其后不加-s,也不接of。如:five hundred people 五百人
2. 表示不确切的数字(概数词-s+of+名词复数)
hundred, thousand, million等词与of连用时,其后要加-s,但前面不能再加具体的数字。如:thousands of factories成千上万家工厂
单项选择。
( )1. (2025·天水)There are 30 students in the art club. One third are boys. So, the club has 　　　girls.
A. 10 B. 20 C. 30 D. 40
( )2. (2025·达州)—When are you going on holiday
—I’m not sure, perhaps the 　　　week in July.
A. two 　 B. twice 　　 C. second
B
C
( )3. (2025·绥化)It’s well known that December is the 　　　month of a year.
A. twelve 　 B. twelfth 　 　C. twelveth
( )4. (2025·龙东)—The sight of the Yellow River is quite beautiful. Is it the longest river in China
—No, it is 　　　longest river in China. It’s the “Mother River” of the Chinese people.
A. second　 B. the second　 C. a second
B
B
( )5. —Which is the biggest number of the three
—　　　.
A. A half 　　　 B. One third
C. A quarter
( )6. As one of the most popular tourist cities, Luoyang attracts 　　 tourists every day.
A. five millions 　　　 B. millions of
C. five million of
A
B

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