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(共34张PPT)
Unit 3 Future in genes 词汇
一.Word Formation
1. physician physic (自然科学、医学) + -ian (……专家) → 医师；内科医生
词块：a resident physician
2. dentist 来自法语，dent (牙齿) + -ist (从事……的人) → 牙科医生 (tooth来自古英语)
3. specialize special + -ize (使)；词块：specialize in
词族：special, specialist, specialize, specially
4 identify ity (身份) + -ify (to make 使……) → 使身份被识别 →
认出；识别；词族：identity, identify, identification
5 abnormal ab- (not 不) + normal (正常的) → 不正常的、反常的
一.Word Formation
6. lifespan 合成词：life (生命) + span (持续时间)
7. affect af- (to 去) + fect (make 做) → 对……起作用 → 影响 (基本义) 熟词生义：使感动；使感染
8. contract con- (together 一起) + tract (to draw 拉) → 把……拉在一起 (基本义)
9. fundamental funda (bottom 底部) + -ment (名词后缀) + -al (形容词后缀) → 在底部的 → 基础的；根本的；
一.Word Formation
10. pace 近义词：step, speed；名词动词化：踱步
词块：at a fast / rapid pace, at one’s own pace, pace of life, keep pace with
11. arise a- (向上) + rise (升起) → 升起 (基本义)
词块：arise from / out of
12. prohibit pro- (forth 向前) + hibit (hold 持 、握) → 预先把持住 → 禁止；prohibit 是正式用语；词块：prohibit sb from doing sth
13. resistance re- (against 反对) + sist (站立) + -ance (名词后缀) → 站在反方向上 → 抵制；抵抗
二.Word transformation
1.chemist n.药剂师,药商;化学家→______________ n.化学→______________ adj.与化学有关的;化学的
2.specialize vi.专门研究,专攻→___________ adj.专业的,专门的→__________ adj.特别的;特殊的　n.特别的东西;特价
3.affect vt.影响;使感染;深深打动→____________ adj.感人的→__________ adj.受到影响的→__________ n.友爱,影响,疾病
4.relate vi.& vt.联系;叙述→_________ adj.有关联的,叙述的→__________ n.相关物→______________ n.关系;叙述

chemistry
chemical
specialized
special
affecting
affected
affection
related
relative
relation
Practice
1. A _______ (chemist) needs to have a good knowledge of ________
(chemistry) and use various __________ (chemical) materials.
2. She __________ (specialize) in this _________ (specialize) field and
has made many _________ (special) achievements.
3. The _________ (affect) story ___________ (affect) all the listeners,
and they were deeply ___________ (affect) by it.
4. Can you _________ (relate) these two _________ (relate) events
and explain their __________ (relation)
relation
chemical
special
affected
affecting
affected
chemist
chemistry
specializes
specialized
relate
related
5.delete vt.删去,删除→______________ n.删除
6.restore vt.恢复;修复;使复原→______________ n.恢复;归还
7.abnormal adj.反常的,畸形的→__________ adj.正常的;标准的
8.restrict vt.限制,限定;束缚,妨碍→______________ n.限制;束缚
9.prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止→______________ adj.禁止的→______________ n.禁止;禁令
10.resistance n.抵抗力;抵制,反对;反抗→_________ v.抵抗;忍住
11.ripe adj.成熟的;时机成熟的→__________ vt.& vi.(使)成熟

deletion　
restoration　
normal
ripen
restriction
prohibition
prohibitive
resist
二.Word transformation
Practice
1. The _________ (delete) of this important document made him very anxious.
2. The _________ (restore) of the old castle took several years.
3. It is _________ (normal) for a child to be so quiet all the time.
4. There are ________ (restrict) on what you can bring into the museum.
5. The _________ (prohibit) of smoking in schools is strictly enforced.
6. We should ________ (resist) the temptation to do bad things.
7. The warm weather will _______ (ripe) the fruits soon.
deletion
restoration
abnormal
restrictions
prohibition
resist
ripen
三. Key Words
1.affect vt
影响 to influence sb / sth：
decisions which affect our lives
[常用于被动语态] 使感动；打动
to make sb have strong feelings of sadness, pity, etc.：
With the government’s aid, those (who were) affected by the
使感染（疾病）：
Diseases affect almost everyone at some time during their lives.
构词：af- (to 去) + fect (make 做) → 对……起作用 → 影响（基本义）
affect 语义网络图
affect
基本义
“影响”情绪
疾病“影响”身体
使感动；
打动
使感染
（疾病）
影响
“影响”人或物
三. Key Words
(1) be affected by　 受……的影响;被……感动
be affected with 感染……疾病
(2) have affection for 喜爱……
(3) effect n.作用;影响 → effective adj.有效果的
have an effect/influence on 对……产生影响
1. affect vt. 影响；打动；使感染
Practice
1. 他深受这部电影的感动。
2. 据说他感染了一种罕见的疾病。
3. 父母通常对自己的孩子怀有喜爱之情。
4. 这项新政策将对经济产生影响。
He was deeply affected by the movie.
It's said that he was affected with a rare disease.
Parents usually have affection for their children.
The new policy will have an effect on the economy.
v. _________________ 意思是；意欲 adj. 吝啬刻薄的
n. __________意思;意义 adj. __________ 意味深长的
2. means
n [单复数同形] 手段；方法 a way of doing sth or achieving sth：
a means of transportation
Watching films is regarded as a good means of
entertainment.
三. Key Words
mean(meant,meant)　
meaning　
meaningful　
① by means of [正式用语] 借助；依靠：
This is a two-year course taught by means of lectures.
② by no means / not by any means 决不；一点也不 not at all：
Punishment is by no means a wise choice to help students grow up mentally and physically.
We haven’t won yet, not by any means.
（注：by no means 位于句首时，句子多用部分倒装语序）
I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means is the teacher satisfied with my progress.
三. Key Words
【语境应用】翻译句子。
1. 除了养羊，这位老人没有其它的赚钱途径。
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
2. 这绝不是你第一次迟到。
__________________________________________________
3. 那台机器被起重机 (crane) 吊到了卡车上。
__________________________________________________
The old man has no other means of making money except raising sheep.
This is by no means the first time that you have been late.
The machine was lifted onto the truck by means of a crane.
3. pace
[C] 一步 (step)：
Walk / Take ten paces forward.
[U]［常用单数］速度；进度：
He walked at a fast pace.
Students study at their own pace and the teachers seldom set tests.
keep pace (with sb / sth) 并驾齐驱；步调一致
vi & vt 踱步：
She paced up and down outside the room.
名词动词化
三. Key Words
Practice
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The runners have noticeably quickened their pace. ___________
2. I prefer the relaxed pace of life in the country. ___________
3. He paced up and down, waiting for the doctor to call. ___________
二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成句子。
1. These changes are happening ___________________（快速）.
2. The younger children struggled to ________________（与……并驾齐驱）the older ones.
生活节奏
加快脚步
at a fast / rapid pace
来回踱步
keep pace with
4.arise (arose, arisen)
构词：a- (向上) + rise (升起) → 升起 (基本义)
起床；起身；起立：
He arose from his seat.
（问题或困难）出现；发生；产生：
What problems may arise when humans are cloned
arise from / out of 因……产生；由……引起：
Accidents often arise from / out of carelessness.
问题、困难或新事物等“升起”
人“升起”
同义异构：occur, happen
注：日常用语中，表示出现问题或困难，一般用 come up，不用 arise。
三. Key Words
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many
other situations that can arise.（2019 全国） ___________
2. Tell our kids to keep calm when problems arise. ___________
3. He arose and walked to the window. ___________
4. My mother arose early in the morning. ___________
二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成句子。
1. Difficulties _________________（由…引起）the water shortage.
2. I _______________________（从座位上站起来）to greet her.
出现
发生
站起来
起床
arose from / out of
arose from my seat
Practice
rise, raise, arise，arouse
rise 不及物动词，不能带宾语。表示人或物从低处向高处上升；或表示数量的增加或数字上升。无被动语态。
raise 及物动词，可带宾语。说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其他事物的，往往有使物体达到其应有的高度的含义。可用于被动语态。
arise 不及物动词，没有“上升”之意，多指“产生、发生和出现”，常用于抽象事物。
arouse 及物动词，“引起；鼓励；唤醒；激发”
Practice
请根据句子语境选择合适的单词（rise, raise, arise, arouse）
1. The sun ________ in the east every morning.
2. She ________ her hand to ask a question.
3. A new problem ________ during the meeting.
4. The story _________ our interest in history.
rises
raises
arose
arouses
vt［正式用语］［ 常用于被动语态］禁止 (ban / forbid)：
Smoking is prohibited.
prohibit sb from doing sth:
Visitors are prohibited from feeding the animals.
prohibition n [U] 禁止；[C] 禁令
5. prohibit
构词：pro- (forth 向前) + hibit (hold 持 、握) → 预先把持住 → 禁止
类似结构：prevent, stop, protect 等
三. Key Words
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Motor vehicles are prohibited _________ the meeting.
2. The ___________ (prohibit) aims to protect the environment.
二、根据所给提示，将下列句子译成英语。
1. 高铁内严禁吸烟。(prohibit)
_______________________________________________________
2. 法律禁止人们在该地区狩猎。(prohibit sb from doing sth)
_______________________________________________________
Practice
from
The law prohibits people from hunting animals in this area.
prohibition
Smoking is strictly prohibited inside the high-speed train.
（正式地）讨论；辩论 to discuss sth in a formal way or at a public meeting (discuss)：
① debate (sth) with sb:
We must debate the problem with the rest of the members.
② debate + wh- 从句 / wh- to do:
My friends and I debate whether or not there is life on other planets.
6. debate vi & vt
三. Key Words
构词：de- (down, completely 完全) + bat (to beat 击打) + -e (动词后缀) → 用言语击打对方 → 辩论
7. relate
vt & vi（使）互有关联 (connect)：
The report seeks to relate the rise in crime to an increase in unemployment.
vt [正式用语] 叙述；讲
He related how the accident happened.
vi 理解；认同：
I love technology so I can relate to students.
构词：re- (back) + lat (to bring, carry 拿、带) + -e (动词后缀) → 带回
三. Key Words
三. Key Words
① relate A to B 把 A和B联系起来
② relate sth. to sb. 向某人讲述某事
③ related adj.相关的，有联系的
④ be related to sth./sb. 与……相关
7. relate 使互有关联
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. I love technology so I can relate to my students.
2. He later related the whole story to me. ___________
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. The chapter relates _______________ the effects of the Internet on teenagers.
2. Wealth is seldom _______________ (relate) to happiness.
3. The ___________________ (relate) between them is that of teacher and pupil.
三、根据所给汉语及提示，用适当的词块完成句子。
Traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations ________________（与……密 切相关）public order.(related)
to
叙述 / 讲述
理解
related
relation / relationship
closely related to
Practice
构词：con- ( 一起) + tract (to draw 拉) →把……拉在一起 (基本义)
n [C] 契约；合同：
enter into / make / sign a contract with sb
v vi 缩小；收缩：
Metal contracts as it cools.
vi & vt 签（合同）：
They are contracted to work 35 hours a week.
vt［正式用语］感染（疾病）：
contract diseases
三. Key Words
8.contract
contract 语义网络图
把物体内部“拉在一起”
缩小；收缩
感染（疾病）
把人与疾病“拉在一起”
把人与合同“拉在一起”
签（合同）
把……拉在一起
contract v
（基本义）
Tests found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are ___________(contract) and pumping blood around the bodies.
Other organizations such as banks ask customers to sign long ___________(contract) they may not read or understand.
It criticizes the main ___________(contract) for seriously erring in their estimates.
contracting
contracts
contractors
Practice
9. restore vt.恢复;修复;使复原,使复位
Soon we may be able to use such treatments to restore a blind person’s vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing.
(1) restore sth. to 恢复某事物到某状态
restore sth. to sb. 把某物归还给某人
(2) restoration n. 恢复;复位;归还
①Fortunately, the stolen car _____________(restore) to its owner at last.
②These policies are designed _________(restore) confidence in the economy.
③The ___________ (restore) took almost six thousand man-hours over four years.
was restored
to restore
restoration
10.restrict vt.限制,限定;束缚,妨碍;约束,管束
Should we restrict our use of this technology to the prevention of diseases
(1) restrict oneself/sb. to sth./doing sth. 限制自己/某人做某事
(2) restriction n. 限制;约束;束缚
(3) restricted adj.有限的,很小的;(指能做的事)有限的,受限制的
① There are some ___________ (restrict) on the amount of money
you can withdraw.
②The physician _________________ one cup of coffee a day.
restrictions
restricts himself to
This time as an expert witness, he used environmental protection laws to explain __________ (restrict) on development in and around wetlands.
The biggest __________ (restrict) on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something, so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time.
On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now ______ __________ (restrict) to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad.
restrictions
restriction
are
restricted
Practice
Thank you

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