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第八讲复习：语法小综合专项（一）
目录
人称、物主、反身代词
时间介词和频度副词
特殊疑问词
可数名词和不可数名词
名词所有格
there be 句型和 some, any
基数词和序数词
冠词和方位介词
情态动词
感叹句
人称、物主、反身代词
一、人称代词
1. 人称代词定义：表示“我，你，他，她，它，我们，你们，他们”的词叫做人称代词。人称代词分主格和宾格两类，有单、复数之分。 如：
We are the best. 我们是最棒的。
Please give us more time to finish it.请给我们更多的时间来完成它。
2. 人称代词形式：
人称 代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
主格 I we you you he she it they
宾格 me us you you him her it them
二、物主代词
1. 物主代词的定义：
表示所属关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词用在名词前，不能单独使用。名词性物主代词相当于一个名词，使用时后面不能再加名词。
例句：This is my schoolbag. 这是我的书包。
That is his bike. = That is his. 这是他的自行车。
2. 物主代词的形式：
物主 代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
形容词性 my our your your his her its their
名词性 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs
3. 物主代词的用法：
(1). 形容词性物主代词置于名词前，起修饰作用，表示“某人的”。如：
My name is Chris. 我的名字是克丽丝。
She loves her cat very much.她非常爱她的猫。
(2). 名词性物主代词起名词的作用，表示“某人的……”，但是后面不能跟名词。
形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词
·作主语：My pen is red.Mine is on the desk. 我的钢笔是红色的。我的[钢笔]在桌子上。
Their room is big. Theirs has a balcony. 他们的房间很大。他们的[房间]有一个阳台。
·作宾语：
This is her book. Where is yours 这是她的书。你的（书）呢？
The book is not his. It belongs to hers. 这本书不是他的。它属于她的[书]。
·做表语：
Is this your cup No, it's mine. 这是你的杯子吗？不，是我的[杯子]。
These bags are theirs. Those are ours. 这些包是他们的。那些是我们的[包]。
三、反身代词
1. 反身代词的定义：
表示“我（们）自己”、“你（们）自己”、“他/她/它（们）自己”的代词称为反身代词。在句中作宾语、同位语、表语等。如：
I’m not myself today. 我今天不大舒服。（作表语）
I myself made a mistake. 我犯了一个错误。（作I 同位语）
2.反身代词的形式：
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself herself itself themselves
3.反身代词的用法：
(1). 作宾语（动作反射到主语自身）
及物动词后作宾语：主语发出的动作最终作用于自己，常见动词有：hurt, cut, dress, enjoy, teach, help, introduce, blame 等。
She hurt herself when she fell off the bike.（她从自行车上摔下来伤了自己。）
The boy taught himself English online.（这个男孩在网上自学英语。）
We should enjoy ourselves at the party.（我们应该在派对上玩得开心。）
介词后作宾语：
He lives by himself in the countryside.（他独自住在乡下。）
Don’t worry about me—I can look after myself.（别担心我，我能照顾好自己。）
(2). 作同位语（强调主语/宾语，可译为“亲自”“本人”）
用于名词或代词后，加强语气，去掉后不影响句子结构。
The manager himself attended the meeting.（经理本人出席了会议。）
I want to see the painting itself, not just photos of it.（我想亲眼看看这幅画本身，而不只是它的照片。）
You yourselves are responsible for the mistake.（你们自己要为这个错误负责。）
(3). 作表语（描述主语的状态，常见于be, feel, seem等系动词后）
After the illness, he is not himself anymore.（生病后，他不再是原来的自己了。）
She felt herself getting nervous before the exam.（考试前她感觉自己越来越紧张。）
(4). 固定搭配
by oneself = alone 独自 ； teach oneself 自学 ； lose oneself in 沉迷于，专心于
for oneself 亲自 ；help oneself to 随便吃/用 ；make oneself at home 别拘束
4、易错点提醒
（1）不可滥用反身代词：当动作未反射到主语自身时，不能用反身代词，需用宾格。
He loves himself (错误：动作对象不是他自己)
He loves her (正确：他爱她)
（2）主语与反身代词必须一致：
I did it by yourself (错误：主语I与反身代词yourself不一致)
I did it by myself (正确)
（3）反身代词不能作主语：需用主格代词。
Myself went to the park (错误)
I went to the park (正确)
练习：
一、单项选择
1．There are many monkeys around ________, they are looking at ________ bananas.
A．they, our B．they, them C．them, their D．them, them
2．—Whose crayons are ________
—I think they’re Lingling’s. But these gloves are ________.
A．they; me B．they; mine C．them; me D．them; mine
3．I like ________ teachers. They teach ________ lessons very well.
A．all my; we B．my all; our C．all the my; us D．all my; us
4．—Does the new teacher Mr Lin teach ________ Chinese
—No, ________ Chinese teacher is Miss Li. ________ knows Mr Lin.
A．your; our; Her B．you; ours; Her
C．your; ours; She D．you; our; She
5．—Excuse me, are these ________ English books
—No, they are ________.
A．your; mine B．his; her C．my; your D．her; his
6．My schoolbag is heavy and ________.
A．so yours is B．so is yours C．so yours are D．so are yours
7．The films ________ are really good, but I think they are ________ long.
A．itself; too much B．themselves; much too
C．they; much too D．them; too much
8．When you find ________ in a dangerous situation, right decisions will make ________ possible for you to get out of danger.
A．you; it B．you; it’s C．yourself; it D．yourself; it’s
9．I made the cake by ________. Help ________, Tom.
A．ourselves; yourself B．myself; yourself
C．myself; yourselves D．me; him
10．Children can usually dress ________ by the age of five.
A．themselves B．them C．selves D．ones
11．—Excuse me, is this ________ new house
—Yes, it’s ________. Their parents bought it last week.
A．Sandy and Daniel’s; them B．Sandy’s and Daniel’s; them
C．Sandy and Daniel’s; theirs D．Sandy’s and Daniel’s; theirs
12．Compared with his raincoat ________ is much older.
A．my B．me C．mine D．myself
13．—Are those books________
—No, they are not mine. They belong to________.
yours；he B．yours；his C．yours；him D．your, he
二、单词拼写
14．There are no drama lessons in my timetable but many in . (she)
15．Boys and girls, you should learn to learn by (your), not always waiting for the teachers.
1.C 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.D 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.A
11.C 12.C 13.C 14．hers 15．yourselves
时间介词和频度副词
时间介词in、on、at是英语中表示时间的常用介词，三者的用法区分主要基于时间范围的大小，具体如下：
in主要用于表示较长的时间范围，如年、月、季节、世纪，以及一天中的上午、下午、晚上（无修饰词时）。
in年：in 2021 ; in1988 in月： in July ; in May in季节：in spring ; in summer
in世纪：in the 20th century
in早: in the morning in晚: in the evening in下午: in the afternoon
in>1天早中晚是特殊
一段时间之后：表示“在……之后”，用于一般将来时，对应用于过去时的after。
She will come back in three days.（她三天后会回来。）
The project will be finished in a month.（这个项目一个月后会完成。）
固定搭配中的时间表达：部分固定短语中习惯用in。
常见搭配：in the past 在过去 、in the future 在未来 、in the daytime 在白天
on主要用于表示具体的日期、星期几、带有修饰词的一天或特定的节日（含day），强调“在具体的某一天”。
1. on周：on Monday ; on Friday
on日：on July.12th ; on May. 20th, 2022
on具体： on Monday morning ; on my birthday evening ; on Children's Day(包括含Day的节日)
at主要用于表示具体的时间点、特定时刻或较小的时间范围。
1.at后加具体时刻：at seven o'clock ； at 8:15
2.固定搭配中的时间表达常见搭配：at noon（在中午）、at night（在晚上）、at dawn（在 黎明）、at dusk（在黄昏） at＜一天
at weekends（在周末，英式用法）、at present（目前）
3. 固定节日或宗教节日：通常用于不含day的节日名称前。
at Mid-Autumn Festival ；at Christmas
短时间内的动作或状态：表示在某个短暂的时间里发生的事情。
She smiled at the moment she saw me.（她看到我的那一刻笑了。）
At the beginning of the class, the teacher introduced a new student.（上课伊始，老师介绍了一位新同学。）
注意：this , last , next,every 等词前面不加in on at 等介词
如：this afternoon；last night；next Sunday； every morning
频度副词
always 总是，一直 100%
usually 通常 约80%
often 经常 约50%
sometimes 有时 约30%
seldom 很少 约10%
hardly 几乎不 约5%
never 从不，绝不 0%
一、频度副词的位置：频度副词通常放在行为动词之前，be动词、助动词和情态动词之后；而副词短语经常位于句末或句首。
1. 放在实义动词之前：
He often plays basketball after school.（他经常放学后打篮球。）；
She sometimes goes to the cinema on weekends.（她有时周末去看电影。）
2.放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后：
She is always late for school.（她上学总是迟到。）
We can usually finish our homework on time.（我们通常能按时完成作业。）
3.特殊情况：sometimes可放在句首、句中或句尾；often可放在句末（需加very或quite修饰）。
Sometimes I go swimming in summer.（有时我夏天去游泳。）
I go to the park quite often.（我经常去公园。）
对频度副词提问：用疑问词how often（多久一次）。
——How often does he go to the gym （他多久去一次健身房？）
——He usually goes to the gym.（他经常去健身房。）
——How often does she eat fast food （她多久吃一次快餐？）
——She sometimes eats fast food.（她偶尔会吃一次快餐。）
一、单项选择
1．Take the medicine ________ a day for ________ weeks.
A．two; twice B．two; two C．twice; twice D．twice; two
2．My mother often does some cooking but my father ________.
A．usually is B．always does C．never is D．seldom does
3．Some of us play sports ________ 4 o’clock ________ the afternoon ________ weekends.
A．in; at; on B．in; at; in C．at; on; at D．at; in; at
4．My mum usually gets up ________ six thirty ________ the morning.
A．in; in B．in; at C．at; in D．at; at
5．We often chat ________ each other ________ lunchtime.
A．to; in B．for; at C．with; at D．in; on
6．—Michael, I heard you have lived in China ________ 20 years, didn’t you
—Yes. I moved from New York to Beijing ________ 2004.
A．for; in B．for; since C．since; for D．since; in
7．Sandy goes to the Reading Club ________ every Monday afternoon and goes to the Computer Club ________ Friday afternoons.
A．in; on B．on; in C．/; in D．/; on
8．—________ do you have Chemistry
—We have Chemistry ________ Monday morning.
A．When; on B．When; in C．What; in D．What; on
9．The great astronomer Copernicus ________ Poland, February 19th, 1473.
A．was born at; on B．was born on; in
C．was born in; on D．was born in; at
10．—How often do you and your father help with housework
—I ________ do the dishes but Dad ________ helps. That’s why Mom calls him lazy bones!
A．usually; sometimes B．never; sometimes
C．usually; hardly ever D．never; hardly ever
11．My mother ______ uses electronic products because she thinks they are bad for her eyes.
A．usually B．seldom C．often D．always
12．—As a top student, what does Paul like doing in his free time
—He is a basketball fan. He ________ thinks about how to play better when it’s time to play.
A．sometimes B．always C．seldom D．never
13．They have gone to Beijing for a meeting. They will be back _________.
A．after a few weeks B．in a few week’s time
C．in a few weeks’ time D．for a few weeks
14．In fact, he _______________ gets up very late.
A．sometime B．some time C．some times D．sometimes
二、单词拼写
15．—When is the next music show
—It’s July.
16．My father usually gets up six every day.
17．It’s cold in the north of China winter.
18．We clean our classroom (one) a week on Friday.
19．Now he is so crazy about reading that he (几乎不) has any spare time, but he feels happier.
20．These boys decide to meet a quarter past nine. (介词填空)
21．There will be a dancing competition the sixteenth day of March.
22．Lily makes the breakfast for her parents 7 o’clock a cold Saturday morning.
23．They play the game the evening of 31st October.
24．It is a good idea to go for a walk a sunny morning.
答案：
1．D
2．D
3．D
4．C
5．C
6．A
7．D
8．A
9．C
10．C
11．B
12．B
13．C
14．D
15．in
16．at
17．in
18．once
19．hardly
20．at
21．on
22．at on
23．on
24．on
特殊疑问词
特殊疑 问词(组) 含义及提问对象 例句
what "什么",对活动、事物或人的职业等进行提问 What's this 这是什么 What is your job 你是做什么工作的
what class/ grade "哪个班级/年级",对所在班级/年级进行提问 What class/grade are you in 你在几班/年级
what colour "什么颜色",对颜色进行提问 What colour is her skirt 她的裙子是什么颜色的
time "几点",对时间点进行提问 What time do you usually get up 你通常几点起床
when "什么时候",对时间进行提问 When does he come back 他何时回来
where "哪里",对地点进行提问 Where is she from 她来自哪里
who "谁",对姓名和身份进行提问 Who is that girl 那个女孩是谁
why "为什么",对原因进行提问 Why do you like the hat 你为什么喜欢这顶帽子
whose "谁的",对所属关系进行提问 Whose bottle is this 这是谁的瓶子
which "哪一个,哪些",对特定范围内的人或物进行提问 Which box is yours 哪个盒子是你的
how "怎么样",对方式或程度进行提问 How does she go to school 她怎样去上学
how many "多少",对可数名词的数量进行提问 How many apples are there in the bag 袋子里有多少个苹果
much "多少",对不可数名词的数量或事物的价钱进行提问 How much water is there in the bottle 瓶子里有多少水 How much is it 这个多少钱
old "几岁",对年龄进行提问 How old is your brother 你的弟弟几岁了
often "多长时间一次", 对频率进行提问 How often do you go to visit your grandparents 你多久去看望一次你的爷爷奶奶
tall "多高",对高度进行提问 How tall is the building 这个建筑物多高
heavy "多重",对重量进行提问 How heavy is the little elephant 这头小象多重？区分：How much does the little elephant weigh What's the weight of the little elephant
long "多长/多久",对长度或时间段进行提问 How long is the bridge 这座桥多长 How long does it take you to walk to school every day 你每天步行上学需要多长时间
far "多远",对距离进行提问 How far is it from your home to the post office 你家离邮局多远
soon "多久",对将来的时间提问 How soon will your mother arrive at the hospital 你妈妈多久能到医院？
练习:
1．— ______ is it from here to the train station
— It’s only a ______ walk.
A．How long; 5 minutes B．How long; 5 minutes
C．How far; 5 minute’s D．How far; 5-minute
2．—Excuse me, could you please tell me _______ from here to the airport
—Sure. It’s about 100 km.
A．how far it is B．how long it takes
C．how far is it D．how long does it take
3．—________
—They are listening to music.
A．What do they do B．What are you doing
C．How’s it going D．What are your grandparents doing
4．—________ did you go to Sydney for
—We went there just to see the Opera House.
A．Why B．What C．How D．When
5．________ you forget about it Although she is wrong, it is not a big deal.
A．Why not B．Why didn’t C．How about D．Why don’t
6．—Jim, ________ you go to the movies tonight with us
—I’d love to, but I have a lot of homework ________.
A．Why not; to do B．Why not; to be done C．Why don’t; to be done D．Why don’t; to do
7．—________ do you know about the movie Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom
—Sorry. I haven’t seen it yet.
A．How many B．How much C．How long
8．— ________kilos of meat do you need for the coming party — Three kilos.
A．How many B．How much C．How long
9．—________ will we ________ Universal Studios, Mr. Wu
—In 20 minutes.
A．How long; arrive B．How soon; go
C．How long; get D．How soon; reach
10．— ________ does the ticket cost
—$100. Its cost is a little ________ than I thought.
A．How much; higher B．What; higher
C．How much; cheaper D．What; cheaper
11．—Which boy is your brother
—________.
A．He wears a black coat B．The one over there under the tree
C．He is over there D．The one wears glasses
12．—________ does the little elephant weigh
—At least five hundred kilos.
A．How heavy B．How much C．How many D．Hong long
13．—________
—The puppet show (木偶戏). It is very amazing.
A．How do you like your visit to Shuihui Park
B．What do you think of your visit to Shuihui Park
C．How do you like about your visit to Shuihui Park
D．What do you like about your visit to Shuihui Park
14．—________ did your uncle leave his hometown
—He ________ for nearly twenty years.
A．When; has left B．When; has been away
C．How long; has left D．How long; has been away
15．—________ the population of our country
—The population of China is much larger than that of ________ country in Europe.
A．What’s; any other B．What’s; any
C．How many is; any other D．How much is; any
答案| 1 | D | | 2 | A | | 3 | D | | 4 | B | | 5 | D | | 6 | D | | 7 | B | | 8 | A | | 9 | D | | 10 | A | | 11 | B | | 12 | B | | 13 | D | | 14 | B | | 15 | B |
可数名词和不可数名词
1. 可数名词的复数形式
规则 情况 例词
一般情况 直接加 -s book → books, pen → pens
以s, x, ch, sh结尾 加 -es bus → buses, box → boxes, watch → watches, dish → dishes
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾 变 y为i，再加-es city → cities, family → families, story → stories
以“元音字母 + y”结尾 直接加 -s boy → boys, day → days, key → keys
以f或fe结尾 多数变f/fe为v，再加-es leaf → leaves, knife → knives, wife → wives
以o结尾 有生命的加-es，无生命的加-s hero → heroes, potato → potatoes, tomato → tomatoes (有生命) photo → photos, piano → pianos, radio → radios (无生命)
2. 不规则变化
·常见的不规则变化需特别记忆：
man → men woman → women child → children foot → feet
tooth → teeth mouse → mice goose → geese（鹅） ox → oxen（公牛）
·单复数同形：
sheep → sheep deer → deer Chinese → Chinese
Japanese → Japanese fish → fish（表 “鱼的种类” 时可加 es）
·只有复数形式：
clothes；trousers； glasses ；scissors；shorts；socks
表达时需说：a pair of trousers (一条裤子)
3. 不可数名词的用法
·不可数名词没有复数形式，不能直接与a/an或数词连用。
正确表达： 需要借助量词。
a piece of： a piece of paper/news/advice/information/bread/furniture
a bottle of： a bottle of water/milk
a cup of： a cup of tea/coffee
a glass of： a glass of water/juice
·谓语动词用单数。
The information is very useful.
There is some milk in the glass.
4. 易混点：既可数又不可数的名词
有些名词在不同含义下，既可数又不可数，这是中考的高频考点。
名词 不可数含义 (抽象/整体) 可数含义 (具体/种类)
paper 纸 (I need some paper.) 报纸；试卷；论文 (I bought two papers.)
time 时间 (Time is money.) 次数；时代 (three times; in ancient times)
room 空间 (Is there any room for me ) 房间 (There are three rooms.)
glass 玻璃 (The window is made of glass.) 玻璃杯；眼镜 (a glass of water; my glasses)
chicken 鸡肉 (I like eating chicken.) 小鸡 (There are ten chickens on the farm.)
fish 鱼肉 (We had fish for dinner.) 鱼（条数） (He caught three fish.) 鱼类（种类） (many fishes)
experience 经验 (He has much experience.) 经历 (an unforgettable experience)
work 工作 (I have a lot of work to do.) 作品 (the works of Shakespeare)
5、“名词 + 名词” 复合名词（无连字符 / 有连字符）
1. 核心规则：以后一个名词为中心，变复数时只变后一个名词
（前一个名词作定语，通常用单数，除非本身是复数名词）
普通搭配：
apple tree → apple trees（苹果树：核心是 tree，变复数）
shoe shop → shoe shops（鞋店：核心是 shop，变复数）
book shelf → book shelves（书架：核心是 shelf，变复数）
中考常考特例：前一个名词是 man/woman 时，两个名词都要变复数（因 man/woman 作定语时，需与被修饰名词保持数的一致）：
man teacher → men teachers 男老师
woman doctor → women doctors 女医生
2. 连字符复合名词（通常作定语或可数名词）
grown-ups 成年人 、go-betweens 中间人
易错点：
不可数名词作定语时，永远用单数：
food factory → food factories 食品厂 time table → time tables 时间表
复数名词作定语时，保持复数：
sports meeting → sports meetings运动会 clothes shop → clothes shops服装店
名词所有格
名词所有格表示名词之间的“所属关系”，相当于汉语中“……的”的含义。
一、 ’s 所有格
·用于有生命的名词（人、动物、国家、团体等）。
1.单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词：加 ’s
my mother’s bag, the children’s toys
2.以s结尾的复数名词：只加 ’
the teachers’ office, the students’ books
3. 以 s 结 尾 的 单 数 名 词 ，后 面 可 加 ’s ，也 可 只 加 ’两 者 均 可 ）
Doris’s hat / Doris’ hat Doris 的 帽 子
·用于表示时间、距离、重量、价格、国家、城市等无生命的名词。
today’s newspaper, ten minutes’ walk, China’s industry
二、 of所有格，无生命名词的“所属”表达
无生命的名词（如book、table、city等）的“所属”关系，一般用“of + 名词”结构表示。
the cover of the book 书的封面
the colour of the sky 天空的颜色
三、名词所有格的特殊用法
1. 并列名词的所有格
当两个或多个名词并列，表示“共同所属”时，只需在最后一个名词后加“'s”；若表示“各自所属”，则需在每个名词后分别加“'s”。
共同所属：Tom and Jerry's room（汤姆和杰瑞的房间）
各自所属：Tom's and Jerry's rooms（汤姆的房间和杰瑞的房间）
2. 双重所有格
双重所有格由“of + 名词所有格/名词性物主代词”构成，用于强调“部分所属”或“特定对象的所属”，通常修饰前面的名词（多为表示人的名词，如a friend、a student等）。
结构公式：a/an + 名词 + of + 名词所有格/名词性物主代词
a friend of my father's（我爸爸的一个朋友）—— 强调“爸爸众多朋友中的一个”，比“my father's friend”更突出“部分”含义
a book of mine（我的一本书）—— 名词性物主代词“mine”替代“my book”，构成双重所有格
注意：双重所有格中，of前面的名词不能用定冠词the，如不能说“the friend of my father's”，需改为“my father's friend”或“a friend of my father's”
名词所有格修饰名词的省略
当名词所有格所修饰的名词在上下文已经明确，为了避免重复，可将该名词省略，只保留名词所有格形式。
—Whose pen is this （这是谁的笔？）—It's Tom's.（是汤姆的。）
I like Mary's dress better than Lily's.（我喜欢玛丽的裙子胜过莉莉的。）
一、单项选择
1．He doesn’t take any ________, because he has a lot of maths ________ to do.
A．exercise; exercises B．exercise; exercise
C．exercises; exercise D．exercises; exercises
2．—What kind of dumplings would you like, Linda
—I’d like ________ and ________ dumplings.
A．chicken; cabbage B．chicken; cabbages
C．chickens; cabbages D．chickens; cabbage
3．Look! Two ________ are planting ________ with their students.
A．man teachers; apple trees B．man teachers; apples trees
C．men teachers; apples trees D．men teachers; apple trees
4．The shop near my home sells ________ clothing at a very good price.
A．child and woman’s B．children’s and women’s
C．children and women’s D．children’s and women
5．My shoes ________ too old, may I have a new ________
A．are; one B．is; pair C．are; pair D．is; one
6．—How many ________did you make
— Five. Is it enough Do I need to make ________
A．bread; another one B．breads; one more piece
C．pieces of bread; one more bread D．pieces of bread; another piece
7．The Lawrenceville School, one of the top high schools in the US, is five miles ________ Princeton University. It was once a (n) ________ school.
A．away from; all-boy B．far away from; boy’s
C．far away from; all-boys D．away from; boys’
8．Though Jack is in poor health, his work is better than ________.
A．anyone B．anyone’s else C．anyone else’s D．anyone’s else’s
9．—Mum, you look so tired. What’s wrong
—I did ________ housework this morning. Maybe I need a rest now.
A．three hour’s B．three hours of C．three-hour of D．three-hours’
10．In our grade, _______ English teachers is about fifty. And most of them are _______.
A．the number of; women teachers B．a number of; women teachers
C．the number of; woman teachers D．a number of; woman teachers
11．—There is _______ food in the fridge.
—OK, I will buy something to eat and _______.
A．a little, two glasses of milk B．little, two glasses of milk
C．few, two glasses of milks D．a few, two glasses of milk
12．— Tommy is planning to buy a car. By next month, he’ll have saved enough for ________ used one.
— I know. He has asked for ________ from one of his friends working in Audi 4S store.
A．a; lots of advices B．an; lots of advices
C．an; lots of advice D．a; lots of advice
13．—Come and see me in ________.
—With pleasure. That’s what I’m expecting.
A．two or three day B．two or three day’s time
C．two or three days’ time D．two or three day’s
14．Mary’s English is much better than __________ in the class.
A．any student’s B．any other student C．anyone else D．any other student’s
15．Nancy’s ______ most successful moment came in ______ forties.
A．/; her B．the; her C．the; hers D．/; hers
16．—Is the room only for Amy
—No, it’s ________.
A．Amy’s and someone else’s B．Amy and someone else’s
C．Amy’s and someone’s else D．Amy and someone’s else
17．What ________ exciting ________ it is!
A．/; experiences B．a; experience C．an; experiences D．an; experience
18．I got ________ and had an exciting ________ when I took part in the school concert.
A．experiences; experience B．experience; experience
C．experience; experiences D．experiences; experiences
19．— You shouldn’t have ________ ice-cream. It’s unhealthy.
—I know. I’m trying to ________.
A．too much; give it up B．much too; give up it
C．too many; give it up D．too much; give up it
二、单词拼写
20．We shouldn’t compare (比较) our clothes or shoes with our (classmate).
21．Each of the (student) (have) a book.
22． (get) at least seven (hour) sleep is necessary.
23．I think she has many good (quality) besides being very beautiful.
24．Look! There are lots of riding bikes in the street now. (Germany)
25．We hold a lot of family (celebrate) together on special days.
26．He carefully read the before turning on the computer. (instruct)
27．The team members are looking forward to those (lead) replies.
28．—Are these sweaters the farmers’ (妻子)
—Exactly.
29．The fingerprints found at the scene of the crime must be one of his (enemy).
30．Luoyang Museum of Ancient Art catches (visit) eyes with a series of mystery treasure.
答案：
A 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．D
8．C 9．B 10．A 11．B 12．D 13．C 14．D
15．A 16．B 17．D 18．B 19．A
20．classmates’ 21． students has 22． Getting hours’
23．qualities 24．Germans 25．celebrations 26．instructions
27．leaders’ 28．wives’ 29．enemies’ 30．visitors’
there be 句型和 some, any
用法介绍
there be 句型用于表示 “某地存在某人或某物”，强调客观存在；some 和 any 均表示 “一些”，可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，主要区别在于使用场景的不同。
语法点 具体用法及示例
there be 句型 1. 基本结构：There be + 主语（人 / 物）+ 地点状语（表示 “某地有某物 / 人”）。 例：There is a book on the desk. There are some students in the classroom. 2. be 动词的选择：遵循 “就近原则”，即与离 be 动词最近的主语保持一致。 例：There is a pen and two pencils in the box. There are two pencils and a pen in the box. 3. 句式变化： - 否定句：在 be 动词后加 not（is not = isn’t；are not = aren’t）。 例：There isn’t a cat in the room. - 一般疑问句：将 be 动词提到句首，回答用 “Yes, there is/are.” 或 “No, there isn’t/aren’t.”。 例：—Are there any flowers in the garden —Yes, there are. - 特殊疑问句： - 对主语提问：What’s + 地点状语？（无论主语单复数，均用 is）。 例：—What’s in the bag —There are some apples. - 对数量提问：可数名词用 “How many + 复数名词 + are there + 地点状语？”；不可数名词用 “How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语？”。 例：How many books are there on the shelf How much water is there in the bottle
some/any 1. some：常用于肯定句；表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中也用 some。 例：I have some good friends. Would you like some tea 2. any：常用于否定句或疑问句。 例：There aren’t any chairs in the room. Do you have any brothers
注意事项
1. there be 与 have 的区别：there be 表示 “某地存在某物”，强调客观存在；have 表示 “拥有”，强调所属关系，二者不可混用。
例：错误：There has a dog in the yard. 正确：There is a dog in the yard.（院子里有一只狗。）
正确：I have a dog.（我有一只狗。）
2. 就近原则的应用：当 there be 后接多个主语时，be 动词的形式由最靠近它的主语决定，与其他主语无关。
例：There is a teacher and fifty students in the classroom.（教室里有一位老师和五十名学生。）
3. some 和 any 的特殊用法：
- some 可用于表示委婉请求或建议的疑问句（如 “Would you like... ”“Could you... ”），希望得到肯定回答。
- any 可用于肯定句，表示 “任何一个”，如：Any student can join the club.（任何学生都可以加入俱乐部。）
4. 不可数名词的数量表达：there be 句型中，不可数名词前需用 “量词 + of” 表示数量，如：There is a glass of milk on the table.（桌子上有一杯牛奶。）
5. 否定句中 any 的使用：there be 否定句中，可数名词复数或不可数名词前需用 any，不用 some，如：There isn’t any rice in the bowl.（碗里没有米饭。）
―Hey, John! ________ information do you know about the English club activities next week
―There ________ a singing competition and an English book fair.
A．How much; is B．How many; are C．How much; will be D．How many; will have
6．—Dad, I am ________ to go to school.
—I’m afraid not. You need to stay in bed for ________ day.
A．strong enough; another B．strong enough; the other
C．enough strong; the other D．enough strong; another
7．—Mum, I don’t have ________ pocket money now. Could I have ________
—Sure. I’ll be back in a minute.
A．some; any B．some; some C．any; any D．any; some
9．I have a pair of new sport shoes. One is under the bed, but I can’t find ________ one.
A．another B．other C．the other D．others
12．— Mum, which is better for today’s party. The jacket or the dress
— Well, you have to wear ________. It will be cold tonight, and a dress is not enough.
A．each B．any C．some D．both
13．—Which blouse do you want to buy
—I’ll buy both of them. One is for my mother, and ________ is for my sister.
A．other B．another
C．the other D．the others
14．Could you give me ________ on some colors in fashion
A．any advice B．some advice
C．any advices D．some advices
基数词和序数词
数词的分类：数词分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目的多少。序数词表示事物的先后顺序，往往与定冠词the连用。
基数词
基数词的构成规则
位数分类 构成规则 例词
1-12 （基本数词） 无规律，需单独记忆 one(1), two(2), three(3), four(4), five(5), six(6), seven(7), eight(8), nine(9), ten(10), eleven(11), twelve(12)
13-19 （ teen 后缀） 以“-teen”结尾，部分词有拼写变化（如thirteen, fifteen, eighteen） thirteen(13), fourteen(14), fifteen(15), sixteen(16), seventeen(17), eighteen(18), nineteen(19)
20-90 （整十数，ty后缀） 以“-ty”结尾，部分词有拼写变化（如twenty, thirty, fifty, eighty） twenty(20), thirty(30), forty(40), fifty(50), sixty(60), seventy(70), eighty(80), ninety(90)
21-99 （复合数词） “整十数 + 连字符(-) + 个位数”，十位数与个位数之间必须加连字符 twenty-one(21) thirty-five(35) sixty-eight(68) ninety-nine(99)
100-999 （三位数百位数） “基数词 + hundred + and + 两位数/个位数”，hundred后不加s；若后接复数名词，hundred需加s（表泛指“数百”） one hundred and five(105) three hundred and twenty(320) five hundred(500) hundreds of（数百，表泛指）
1000及以上 （多位数） 以“千(thousand)、百万(million)、十亿(billion)”为单位分级，每级按三位数规则表达，单位词（thousand/million等）前有具体数字时不加s，表泛指时加s+of one thousand two hundred and thirty(1,230) two million three hundred thousand(2,300,000) billions of（数十亿，表泛指）
基数词的用法
· 表示具体数量
修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，直接位于名词前。
可数名词复数：There are thirty students in our class.（我们班有30名学生。）
不可数名词：I need two cups of coffee.（我需要两杯咖啡。）（不可数名词需借助“量词+of”表达数量，基数词修饰量词）
·表示年龄、时间、日期
年龄：She is twelve years old.（她12岁。）
He is in his twenties.（他二十多岁。）（“in one's + 整十数复数”表“几十多岁”）
时间：It's nine thirty a.m.（现在是上午9点30分。）
The meeting starts at three o'clock.（会议3点开始。）
日期：Today is October first, but the date in numbers is 10/1.
（今天是10月1日，数字日期表示为10/1。）（日期中数字用基数词）
·表示编号、价格、数量计算
编号：Room 302（302房间）、Bus No. 5（5路公交车）（编号通常用“名词+基数词”，基数词首字母可大写）
价格：This shirt costs fifty yuan.（这件衬衫50元。）
计算：Eight plus seven is fifteen.（8加7等于15。）
·表泛指“大量”的固定搭配
基数词复数（hundred/thousand/million/billion）+ of，表“数百/数千/数百万/数十亿”，此时单位词必须加s。
Thousands of people took part in the activity.（数千人参加了这项活动。）
Millions of stars are in the sky at night.（夜晚天空中有数百万颗星星。）
二、序数词：表示顺序的数词
1. 序数词的构成规则
序数词通常由“基数词 + 后缀-th”构成，但1-19的序数词有特殊变化，20以上的整十数序数词需先变“ty”为“ti”再加“eth”，具体分类如下：
分类 构成规则 例词（基数词→序数词）
1-3 （特殊变化） 无固定后缀，完全特殊记忆 one→first(1st), two→second(2nd), three→third(3rd)
4-19 （th后缀，部分拼写变化） 大部分加“-th”； five→fifth（去ve加fth）、eight→eighth（加h）、nine→ninth（去e加th）、twelve→twelfth（去ve加fth） four→fourth(4th), six→sixth(6th), seven→seventh(7th), nine→ninth(9th), twelve→twelfth(12th), nineteen→nineteenth(19th)
20-90 （整十数，tieth后缀） 先将基数词的“ty”变为“ti”，再加“eth” twenty→twentieth(20th), thirty→thirtieth(30th), fifty→fiftieth(50th), eighty→eightieth(80th)
21-99 （复合序数词） “整十数序数词 + 连字符(-) + 个位数序数词”，仅个位数变序数词，十位数仍用基数词形式 twenty-one→twenty-first(21st), thirty-five→thirty-fifth(35th), sixty-eight→sixty-eighth(68th)
100及以上 （多位数序数词） 仅最后一位数变序数词，前面的位数仍用基数词；hundred的序数词为hundredth，thousand为thousandth等 one hundred and one→one hundred and first(101st), two thousand three hundred and twenty→two thousand three hundred and twentieth(2320th)
重点提示：序数词前通常要加定冠词“the”，表示“特指某一个顺序”；若序数词前有形容词性物主代词（my/your/his等）或名词所有格，则不加“the”。
2. 序数词的核心用法
· 表示顺序、排名
用于修饰名词，说明人或事物的“第几个”，常与“the”搭配。
This is the first time I've been to Beijing.（这是我第一次去北京。）
He got the third place in the English competition.（他在英语竞赛中获得了第三名。）
Her second book is more popular than the first.（她的第二本书比第一本更受欢迎。）（有形容词性物主代词her，不加the）
·表示日期、生日、楼层
日期：National Day is on October the first.（国庆节在10月1日。）（日期中“日”必须用序数词，口语中the可省略，书面语建议保留）
生日：My mother's birthday is on May the twelfth.（我妈妈的生日在5月12日。）
楼层：We live on the fifth floor.（我们住在5楼。）（表示“第几层楼”用序数词）
·表示“再一次、又一次”（不加the）
此时序数词不表“顺序”，而表“重复次数”，常与“a/an”搭配，意为“又一个、再一次”。
Could you give me a second chance （你能再给我一次机会吗？）
He failed twice, but he wants to try a third time.（他失败了两次，但想再试一次。）
·固定搭配与表达
first of all 首先；at first 起初
secondly 其次；on the second floor 在二楼
the first half 上半年；the second half 下半年
一、单项选择
1．—Lisa, can you read the number 3,057,018
—Of course. It’s ________.
A．three million and fifty-seven thousand eighteen
B．three million fifty-seven thousand and eighteen
C．three million fifty-seven thousands and eighteen
D．three million and fifty-seven thousand and eighteen
2．—Hobo, can you read the number 620,091 in English
—It is ________.
A．six hundred twenty thousand ninety-one
B．six hundred and twenty thousand and ninety-one
C．six hundred twenty thousand and ninety-one
D．six hundred and twenty thousand ninety-one
3．—Students in our school donated______ books to the mountain area last month.
—That’s so kind of them! These books will bring more knowledge to the kids there.
A．two hundreds B．two hundred of C．two hundreds of D．hundreds of
4．—Finished
—No. The work is too hard. I need ________ hours.
A．other three B．three more C．three another D．more three
5．—Why ________ of tourists from China would like to take a holiday in Singapore
—More than three quarters of the population ________ Chinese, so they can simply speak Putonghua a lot of time.
A．ten thousands；are B．thousands；is
C．thousands；are D．ten thousands；is
6．Thirty ________ of the students ________ to watch sports shows in our class.
A．percent; like B．percents; like C．percents; likes D．percent; likes
7．Millie and I live in the same building. I live on the sixth floor. She lives three floors ________ me, on the ________ floor.
A．above; ninth B．over; third C．above; third D．on; ninth
8．—________ of the students in our class ________ passed the exam.
—Oh, it means eighty percent of them should work harder.
A．One fifth, have B．Four fifths, have
C．Four fifth, has D．Four five, has
9．He wrote his ________ novel when he was ________.
A．five; in his thirties B．fifth; in his thirties
C．fifth; in his thirtieth D．five; in his thirtieth
10．—Do you know the man ________ visited the Charity School
—Yes. He is Mr. Li. It is said that it was his ________ visit to the school.
A．who; the fifth B．that; the fifth
C．/; fifth D．who; fifth
二、单词拼写
11．The (three) National Conference on Reading (全民阅读大会) was held on the most beautiful April days in Kunming.
12．It’s too bad! Five of the computers broke down. (十二)
13．They are organizing the (thirty-nine) sports meeting of their school.
14．About eight- (8/9) of the students can study at school at present.
15．It takes several (百万) years to form this kind of landform.
16．Global warming is a real problem. Sometimes in summer, the temperatures in the open air are even in the (四十).
17．An apple isn’t enough for us. We want two (many) apples.
18．Tomorrow will be my neighbour’s (第二十) birthday.
19．This is her (four) year as a volunteer. She really loves helping others.
20．Three (四分之一) of the trees have died because of the flood.
冠词和方位介词
一、冠词
冠词是英语中最常见的一种限定词，不能单独使用，也不充当句子成分，只能用在名词前面，说明所指的人或物。冠词分为三类：不定冠词（a/an）、定冠词（the）和零冠词（名词前不加冠词）。
不定冠词a（an）
a 用于辅音音素前 a book / a boy (特殊：a useful book/)
an 则用于元音音素前 an orange /an eraser/ an egg / an English girl/an answer / an uncle/an art festival /an email/an interesting book/an hour/an ID card/an old man)
★ 易错提示：元音音素 ≠ 元音字母
正确：an hour（h 不发音，开头为 / a / 元音音素）
an honest man（honest 开头 / n st/ 元音音素）
错误Q：an university（u 发 /ju / 辅音音素，应为 a university）
冠词用法：
1. 用于可数名词单数前，表"一" There is a tiger in the zoo.动物园里有一只老虎。
2. 表示一类人和东西 A tiger can be dangerous.老虎可能有危害性。
3. 表示"某一个"的意思 A gentleman wants to see you.有一位先生要见你。
4. 表示"每一"，表频率 We go swimming four times a week. 我们每周去游泳四次。
5. 用在单数可数名词前，表身份、职业 My mother is a teacher.我妈妈是教师。
6. 第一次提到的人或事物，不特指
Long long ago, there was an old king.很久很久以前，有一个年老的国王
(二)定冠词the的用法.
巧记口诀：特指双方熟悉，上文已经提起；世上独一无二，乐器专有名词。
核心用法
1. 特指某（些）人或物：The ruler is on the desk. 那把尺子在桌子上。
2. 复述上文提到的人或物：
He has a sweater. The sweater is new. 他有一件毛衣，这件毛衣是新的。
3. 谈话双方都知晓的人或物：The boys aren’t at school. 那些男孩不在学校。
4. 序数词前：John’s birthday is February the second. 约翰的生日是 2 月 2 日。
5. 单数可数名词表一类人 / 事物：The horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。
6. 世界独一无二的事物前：the sun 太阳、the moon 月亮、the earth 地球
7. 姓氏复数前（表一家人）：The Bakers came to see me yesterday. 贝克一家昨天来看我了。
8. 乐器前：play the piano 弹钢琴、play the violin 拉小提琴
例外：中国乐器前不加冠词（例：play erhu 拉二胡、play guzheng 弹古筝）
江河湖海、山脉群岛、沙漠前：the Yangtze River 长江、the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山、the Sahara 撒哈拉沙漠
普通名词构成的专有名词前：the Great Wall 长城、the United States 美国、the Summer Palace 颐和园
方位名词前：in the east 在东方、on the left 在左边、at the top 在顶部
固定词组中：in the morning /afternoon/evening 在上午 / 下午 / 晚上、go to the cinema去看电影
(三)零冠词的用法
1. 专有名词前一般不加冠词。China 中国 Lei Feng 雷锋 Beijing 北京
2. 月份、星期、节日前一般不加冠词January/Sunday/National Day国庆节/Christmas 圣诞节
注: 民族节日前要加the 如:the Spring Festival 春节 the Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节
3. 三餐、四季前一般不加冠词。I have lunch at school.我在学校吃午餐。
Summer is the best season for swimming.夏天是游泳的好季节。
4. 球类运动前。 play basketball 打篮球 play volleyball 打排球
5. 没有特指的不可数抽象名词。 Time is precious.时间是宝贵的。 Love is blind.爱是盲目的。
6. 没有特指的可数名词复数形式。 I like tomatoes.我喜欢西红柿。Dogs are loyal animals. 狗是忠诚的动物。
7. 名词前有定语：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等：This is my baseball. 这是我的棒球。Some students are reading. 一些学生在看书。
8. 学科名称前（泛指）：My favorite subject is music. Math is not easy for me.
例外：特指某一次考试 / 课程时加 the（例：the math test 、the chemistry class ）
9. 交通工具固定词组中：by bus乘公交、by bike骑自行车、by plane乘飞机
例外：on a bus /in a car（表具体交通工具，需加冠词）
固定词组：at noon 在中午 at night 在晚上 go to school 去上学 in bed 卧床休息
方位介词
1、in on to 三个方位介词的用法
介词 位置关系 例句
in A 在 B 内部（包含） Guangdong is in the south of China.
on A 与 B 接壤（相邻） Anhui is on the west of Jiangsu.
to A 与 B 相离（不接壤） Taiwan is to the southeast of Fujian.
易错提示：表示“在…方向”时，in、on、to 后接定冠词the，不可省略。
in the east of 在…东边/ on the west of… 在…西边/ to the south of… 在…南边
核心介词用法（含易混对比）
介词 核心含义及区别 典型例子
at 具体小地点 She is at the bus stop.（她在公交车站。） at the door（在门口）
on 物体表面 （有接触） The book is on the table.（书在桌子上。） on the wall（在墙上，贴画）
in 空间内部 （三维 / 封闭） The cat is in the box.（猫在盒子里。） in the room（在房间里） in the wall（在墙里，嵌洞）
above 上方 （不接触，非正上方） The plane is above the city.（飞机在城市上方。） The picture is above the sofa.（画在沙发上方。）
below 下方 （不接触，非正下方） The boat is below the bridge.（船在桥下方。） The temperature is below zero.（气温在零度以下。）
over 正上方（可接触）； 跨越 The lamp is over the table.（灯在桌子正上方。） jump over the river（跳过河）
under 正下方 （可接触） The dog is under the bed.（狗在床下。） The ball is under the chair.（球在椅子正下方。）
between 两者之间 The house is between two tall buildings.（房子在两栋高楼之间。） between you and me（你我之间）
among 三者及以上之间 The gift is among the books.（礼物在一堆书中间。） She stands among the crowd.（她站在人群中。）
beside 在... 旁边 The chair is beside the window.（椅子在窗户旁边。） sit beside me（坐在我旁边）
in front of 物体外部前方 There is a tree in front of the classroom.（教室外前方有棵树。）
in the front of 物体内部前方 The teacher is in the front of the classroom.（老师在教室前排。） The driver sits in the front of the car.（司机坐在汽车前排。）
behind 在... 后面 The garden is behind the house.（花园在房子后面。） Hide behind the door.（躲在门后面。）
next to 紧挨着（距离最近） The school is next to the park.（学校紧挨着公园。） My seat is next to hers.（我的座位紧挨着她的。）
near 靠近（距离较近） The supermarket is near my house.（超市靠近我的房子。） near the station（在车站附近）
far from 远离 The village is far from the city.（村子离城市很远。） My home is far from school.（我家离学校很远。）
against 靠着（有接触） The bike is against the wall.（自行车靠着墙。） lean against the tree（靠着树）
around 在... 周围 People are sitting around the table.（人们围坐在桌子旁。） trees around the lake（湖周围的树）
易错提示：
表面接触 vs 内部空间：on 强调 “表面接触”（如 on the desk），in 强调 “内部容纳”（如 in the box）；
正方向 vs 非正方向：over/under 表示 “正上方 / 正下方”，above/below 表示 “非正方向的上下方”；
外部前方 vs 内部前方：in front of 指 “物体外部的前方”，in the front of 指 “物体内部的前方”。
一、单项选择
1．________ Adventures of Tom Sawyer is a great book. It is more than ________ adventure story.
A．不填; a B．不填; an C．The; a D．The; an
2．More college graduates would like to work in ________ west of our country ________ next year.
A．the; the B．/; / C．/; the D．the; /
3．Mooncakes are in ________ shape of ________ full moon on ________ Mid-Autumn night.
A．the; a; the B．the; a; / C．a; the; / D．the; the; the
4．I’m really looking forward to ________ winter vacation. My family will take ________ trip to ________ Terra Cotta Army.
A．the; the; 不填 B．the; a; 不填
C．不填; a; the D．the; a; the
5．________ old man we saw in the park yesterday told us that he used to work as ________ doctor in ________ 1980s, and now he spends ________ most of his time volunteering.
A．An; a; the; / B．The; a; the; / C．The; the; /; the D．An; /; /; the
6．It’s ________ to play ________ Chinese chess with them.
A．pleasure; / B．pleased; the C．a pleasure; / D．pleasant; the
7．—Do not give up! If you keep trying, you will be successful.
—________. I’ll have ________ second try anyway.
A．I will; a B．I won’t; a C．I will; the D．I won’t; the
8．Kitty is ________ high school student and she ________ goes to the dentist because she is afraid.
A．a 18-year-old; often B．a 18-years-old; sometimes
C．an 18-year-old; never D．18 years old; usually
9．— ________ number of boys ________ playing basketball on the playground.
— What’s ________ number of boys in our class, do you know
A．A; are; the B．A; are; a C．A; is; the D．The; is; a
10．—There is a broken car ________ the road.
—We can go across from the right side.
A．in the middle of B．in the middle
C．on the right of D．on the right
11．—Is Zhejiang _________ the southeast of China
—Yes, and it’s ________ the northeast of Fujian.
A．in; on B．to; in C．in; to
12．—I plan to decorate my living room. Would you help me push the piano _______ the wall
— Of course. I’m coming.
A．above B．over C．against D．across
13．You can walk ________ the bridge ________ the river.
A．cross ... on B．across ... over
C．across ... above D．cross ... through
14．— Many doctors and nurses went to Hubei in February.
— Hubei is far from Heilongjiang. It’s ________ the south of China, ________ the south of Henan.
A．in; to B．on; to C．in; on D．on; in
15．The bookshop is on ________ side of the street, you must go ________ the road to buy books.
A．other；by B．the other；across
C．other；through D．the other；through
16．The tower rises (耸立) ________ the trees. On top of it, you can see the town________.
A．above, under B．over, under C．above, below D．over, below
二、单词拼写
17．Let's put the piano over there, (紧靠)the wall.
18．April showers bring May flowers; bees and butterflies play flowers.（在……中间）
19．As the sun set, the little boy ran (朝, 向) his parents who were waiting for him at the school gate with warm smiles.
20．The little girl in a red hat is walking t the forest with a small basket for her grandma.
情态动词
一、情态动词的基本用法
情态动词 否定式 疑问式 核心用法 例句
can can’t（cannot） Can... 1. 表能力（现在）；2. 表许可（口语）；3. 表请求（委婉）；4. 表推测（否定 / 疑问） 1. He can speak three languages.（能力） 2. Can I use your pen （请求）3. It can’t be true.（否定推测）
could couldn’t Could... 1. 表能力（过去）；2. 表请求（更委婉）；3. 表推测（较弱） 1. She could swim when she was 5.（过去能力） 2. Could you help me （委婉请求）
may may not May... 1. 表许可（正式）；2. 表推测（肯定，较弱）；3. 表请求（礼貌） 1. You may leave early today.（许可） 2. He may come tomorrow.（推测）
might might not Might... 1. 表推测（比 may 更弱）；2. 表请求（最委婉） They might not attend the meeting.（推测）
must mustn’t（禁止） Must... 1. 表义务（必须）；2. 表推测（肯定，最强）；3. 表禁止（否定式） 1. You must finish your homework first.（义务） 2. This must be his bag.（肯定推测）
have to don’t have to/doesn’t have to Do...have to 表客观要求（必须，可用于过去 / 将来） It’s raining, so we have to stay at home.（客观要求）
should shouldn’t Should... 1. 表建议（应该）；2. 表责任（理应）；3. 表推测（合理） 1. You should eat more vegetables.（建议） 2. He should be here by now.（推测）
ought to ought not to（oughtn’t to） Ought...to 与 should 用法相近（更正式） We ought to respect the elderly.（责任）
had better had better not（’d better not） Had better... （较少用，口语中常用 Should... 代替） 表建议（最好做某事，语气比 should 强，含 “不做可能有不好结果” 的暗示） 1.You’d better take an umbrella. It’s going to rain.（建议做） 2. You’d better not stay up late.（建议不做）
shall shall not（shan’t） Shall... 1. 表建议（用于第一人称 I/we，征求对方意见）；2. 表命令 / 规定（用于第二、三人称，正式场合） 1. Shall we go to the park （建议，征求意见） 2. Each student shall wear a uniform.（规定）
need（情态） needn’t（不必） Need... （常用于否定 / 疑问句） 表必要（“需要”，仅用于否定句和疑问句，后接动词原形） 1. You needn’t wait for me.（不必）2. Need we finish it today （需要吗）
need（实义） don’t need/doesn’t need Do...need 表必要（“需要”，可用于肯定 / 否定 / 疑问句，后接 to do） 1. We need to buy some milk.（肯定句） 2. He doesn’t need to come early.（否定句）
will won’t Will... 1. 表意愿（现在）；2. 表请求（口语）；3. 表习惯（经常性） 1. I will help you.（意愿） 2. The train will arrive on time.（客观事实）
would wouldn’t Would... 1. 表意愿（过去）；2. 表请求（更委婉）；3. 表习惯（过去经常性） 1. He would walk to school before.（过去习惯） 2. Would you like some tea （委婉请求）
【易错提醒】
1.mustn’t 表示 “禁止”，而非 “不必”；“不必” 用 don’t have to 或 needn’t。
2.could 表请求时比 can 更委婉，回答仍用 can（不用 could），如：Could you help me — Yes, I can.
3.ought to 后必须接 to，而 should 后直接接动词原形。
4.表过去的 “必须”，如果是客观要求用 had to，must 无过去式（除表推测外）。
5.had better 后接动词原形，否定式直接在 better 后加 not，无人称变化（无论主语是第几人称，均用 had better）。
6.shall 表建议仅用于第一人称（I/we），表规定 / 命令用于第二、三人称（如规则、法律条文）。
7.need 有两种用法：作情态动词时，仅用于否定 / 疑问句，后接动词原形；作实义动词时，可用于所有句式，后接 to do。
二、情态动词表推测的用法
推测类型 常用情态动词 适用句式 语气强度 例句
肯定推测 must>may>might>could 肯定句 must（100% 肯定）>may（70% 可能）>might/could（50% 可能） 1. He must be in the office.（他一定在办公室） 2. She may be late.（她可能会迟到）
否定推测 can’t>may not >might not 否定句 can’t（100% 否定）>may not（30% 可能不）>might not（20% 可能不） 1. It can’t be him.（不可能是他） 2. They may not come.（他们可能不来）
疑问推测 can/could 疑问句 can（常用）>could（委婉） 1. Can he be at home （他可能在家吗？） 2. Could they have missed the bus （他们可能错过公交车了吗？）
【易错提醒】
1.肯定推测不用 can（除理论上的可能性），如：Smoking can cause cancer.（理论可能）
2.must 表推测仅用于肯定句，否定句用 can’t，疑问句用 can。
3.could/might 表推测时，语气比 may 弱，不表示过去，仅表示可能性更低。
4.had better/shall/need 不用于表推测：had better 仅表建议，shall 表建议 / 规定，need 仅表必要。
5.need 作情态动词时，无过去式；作实义动词时，过去式为 needed，如：He needed to finish it yesterday.（实义动词，过去式）。
一、单项选择
1．—Must they return the toy truck this Monday
—No, they ________. But they must return it on Thursday.
A．mustn’t B．have to C．needn’t D．must
2．Nobody can say no to the delicious zongzi here, ________
A．can they B．do they C．can’t they D．don’t they
3．—________ I take the dictionary out of the library
—No, you ________. Look at the rules on the wall.
A．Must; mustn’t B．May; needn’t C．Could; can’t D．Should; shouldn’t
4．The clothes need ________, but you ________ do that by yourselves.
A．washing; needn’t B．washing; needn’t to C．to be washed; don’t need
5．The tea is too hot for me to _______. Could you please _______ me another _______
A．drink; give; cup B．drink it; give; one
C．drink; to give; one D．drink it; give; cup
6．As the young, we ________ take on too many challenges. The more challenges we take on, the stronger we will be.
A．can’t B．shouldn’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t
7．—Must I return the book this week I borrowed it one week ago.
—No, you ________. You can ________ it for another week.
A．needn’t; keep B．don’t have to; borrow
C．mustn’t; keep D．mustn’t; lend
8．It’s so cold here, you’d better ________ your coat.
A．don’t take off B．not to take off C．not take off D．take off
9．—Whose purple coat is this
—It ______ be Lily’s. Hers is red. It ______ be Lucy’s. She likes purple.
A．mustn’t; must B．may; must C．can’t; may
10．—Look! That lady looks like our English teacher.
—It ________ be her. She, as well as her parents, ________ Australia on holiday.
A．mustn’t; have gone to B．may not; have been to
C．can’t; has gone to D．can’t; has been to
11．Pete________ any help. He can work it out by himself.
A．needn’t B．needn’t to C．doesn’t need to D．doesn’t need
12．If it ________ tomorrow, you ________ watch DVDs at home.
A．doesn’t rain; would like B．doesn’t rain; had better to
C．is rain; should D．rains; had better
二、单词拼写
13．This serious matter needs (deal) with at once.
14．You’d better (not take) the trousers at once. Think twice before buying them.
感叹句
一、感叹句的定义
感叹句是带有强烈主观情感色彩，用于抒发喜悦、惊讶、愤怒、赞叹、悲伤等极致情绪的句子。
二、感叹句的基本结构
1. What + (a/an) +形容词+名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）！What 修饰可数/不可数名词
例： - What a beautiful flower (it is)! （可数名词）
- What delicious food (she made)! （不可数名词）
2. How + 形容词/副词 （+ 主语 + 谓语）！ How 修饰 形容词或副词
例： - How interesting (the movie is)!
- How fast (he runs)!
三、感叹句的难点（深度辨析 + 易错案例）
（一）What 和 How 的终极辨析（3 步判断法）
1. 第一步：找“主语”
·句中the+名词，则the +名词是主语
例：________ lovely the boys are playing in the park!
主语
·句中名词后有I/we/you/she/he/it/they，则I/we/you/she/he/it/they是主语
例： ______ two hours we spent on the project!
主语
2. 第二步：找 “中心词”：在主语前
·中心词是名词（无论可数 / 不可数，单数 / 复数）→ 用 “What”
例：______ nice weather it is!（it是主语，中心词：weather，不可数名词）→ What
·中心词是形容词 / 副词（不修饰名词，或修饰动词）→ 用 “How”
例：______ nice the weather is!（the weather是主语, 中心词：nice，形容词）→ How
3. 第三步：看主语前 “名词是否为可数名词”
·若名词是可数名词，用 “What a/an”
例：________ amazing magic show I saw yesterday!（主语I 前是show是可数名词，amazing元音发音的单词用an）→ What an
注意：常考的不可数名词 advice建议、weather天气、news新闻、fun乐趣、information信息、progress进步、time时间 等
4. 第四步：查 “是否有特殊结构”
·若有 “such”“a/an + 量词” 等特殊结构 → 用 “What”
例：______ such a clever boy he is!（有 “such”）→ What
·若有 “of +名词”“副词修饰动词” 等特殊结构 → 用 “How”
例：______ kind of you!（有 “of you”）→ How
练习：
1．—________ fine day today! Why not go hiking —Good idea!
A．What an B．How C．What a D．What
2．—_______ fine weather! It’s a good match for going on a picnic. —Exactly. I simply can’t wait!
A．How B．What C．How a D．What a
3．—________ fresh air it is in Qingcheng Mountain! —Yes. Because there are a lot of trees.
A．How B．What C．How a D．What a
4．________ it was to see the main sights of the world in the World Park!
A．How amazing day B．How an amazing day
C．What amazing day D．What an amazing day
5．________ amazing magic show I saw yesterday!
A．How B．What C．What an D．What a
6．________ amazing the virtual reality technology in the new exhibition hall is!
A．What B．What an C．How D．How an!
7．________ helpful the speech is! It tells us to use the Internet safely.
A．What B．What a C．How D．What an
8．The C919, China’s self-made large plane, is now in use. ________ exciting the news is!
A．How B．How an C．What D．What an
9．—________ exciting news report the young reporter wrote!
—Yes, it’s about the 9th Asian Winter Games held in Harbin from Feb 7th to 14th, 2025．
A．What B．What a C．What an D．How
10．—Hi, guys! Our team won the first place in the table tennis match.
—________ exciting news it is! We are so happy about it.
A．What B．How C．What an D．How an
11．—This APP can remind me of the weather and clothing suggestions for the next day.
—________ good weather reporter you have!
A．How B．What a C．What D．How a
12．—It was sunny several minutes ago, but it’s raining heavily now!
—________ difference a day makes!
A．What B．What a C．How
13．—The pen can translate what you write down into English.
—________ interesting invention!
A．What B．What an C．How D．What a
14．________ strong our country is! I’m so proud of her.
A．How B．What C．What a D．What an
15．________ beautiful Yiyang City is becoming! I’m sure the city will be better and better.
A．How B．What C．What a
16．—________ good advice it is! I’m sure to have a wonderful summer vacation.
—I’m so glad that you like it.
A．How B．What a C．What D．What an
17．________ useful knowledge the astronaut in Tiangong Classroom has taught us!
A．How B．What C．How a D．What a
18．________ big progress and amazing success the AI DeepSeek has made up to now! It can translate hard texts, create good stories and even talk with users.
A．What B．What a C．How D．How a
19．—_______ beautiful flowers we enjoyed at the Nanjing International Plum Blossom Festival!
—Yes, I couldn’t stop taking photos there.
A．How a B．How C．What a D．What
20．_________ beautiful piano music he played at the concert! All listeners were buried in it.
A．How B．What C．What a
21．_________ meaningful classes we had! We learned a lot about paper cutting.
A．What B．What a C．What an D．How
22．What ________ honest person Leo is! Everyone around him believes him very much.
A．a B．an C．the
23．________ patient Mr. Wang is! He always takes time to explain things to us.
A．What a B．What C．What an D．How
答案：
1.C 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.C 7.C 8.A
9.C 10.A 11.B 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.A 16.C
17.B 18.A 19.D 20.B 21.A 22.B 23.D

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