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九年级英语三大从句专项
【核心目标】
掌握定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句的定义、引导词、基本结构及用法，能准确判断从句类型并正确运用。
【重点难点】
1. 各类从句引导词的选择；2. 从句的语序规则；3. 时态呼应（尤其宾语从句）；4. 定语从句中关系词的指代与成分作用。
一、定语从句
1. 定义
修饰名词或代词的从句，相当于形容词的作用，可分为限制性定语从句（不可或缺，无逗号）和非限制性定语从句（补充说明，有逗号，不能用that引导）。
例：
① The girl who is reading a book is my sister.（限制性：修饰the girl，不可或缺）
② My hometown, which is in the south of China, is very beautiful.（非限制性：补充说明hometown，去掉不影响主干）
2. 先行词
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，位于从句之前。
常见类型：人（如student, teacher）、物（如book, pen）、时间（如time, day）、地点（如place, city）、原因（如reason）等。
3. 引导词（关系词）
分为关系代词和关系副词，作用：① 连接主句与从句；② 在从句中充当一定成分；③ 指代先行词。
类型 常见引导词 适用先行词 在从句中充当的成分 例句
关系代词 who 人（主语/宾语） 主语、宾语 The man who helped me is a doctor.（主语）
whom 人（宾语） 宾语（可省略） The girl whom you met yesterday is my classmate.（宾语，可省略whom）
which 物（主语/宾语） 主语、宾语 This is the book which I bought last week.（宾语，可省略which）
that 人/物（主语/宾语） 主语、宾语 He is the boy that won the competition.（人，主语）/ This is the pen that I lost.（物，宾语）
关系副词 when 时间 时间状语 I remember the day when we first met.（= on which）
where 地点 地点状语 This is the school where I studied.（= in which）
why 原因（reason） 原因状语 Tell me the reason why you were late.（= for which）
4. 易错点总结
关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略，但作主语时不能省略。
例：① The book (which/that) I read is good.（省略可行）
② The book which/that is on the desk is mine.（不可省略）
非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，且引导词不能省略。
例：His mother, who is a teacher, loves him very much.（不能用that）
当先行词是不定代词（如all, something, nothing, anything等）或被最高级、序数词修饰时，只能用that引导。
例：① All that he said is true. ② This is the best book that I have ever read.
5. 定语从句配套练习
（1）选择合适的关系词填空
① The boy ______ is wearing a blue jacket is my best friend.（who/which/where）
② This is the house ______ my grandparents used to live.（that/where/why）
③ I still remember the day ______ we spent together in the countryside.（when/which/why）
④ The reason ______ he was absent from school is unknown.（why/which/who）
⑤ The book ______ cover is red belongs to me.（whose/which/that）
⑥ Is this the factory ______ your father worked last year （where/which/that）
⑦ All ______ he said is true.（that/which/who）
⑧ The girl ______ you talked to just now is my cousin.（whom/who/which）
（2）改正下列句子中的错误）
① This is the book who I borrowed from the library yesterday.
___________________________________________________
② The girl which is standing at the door is my sister.
___________________________________________________
③ I don't like the movies that has too much violence.
___________________________________________________
④ His father, that is a doctor, works in a big hospital.
___________________________________________________
⑤ This is the best film which I have ever seen.
___________________________________________________
⑥ I will never forget the day when we visited the Great Wall on it.
___________________________________________________
⑦ The man whom you met him yesterday is a famous writer.
___________________________________________________
（3）选择合适的关系词填空
① The boy ______ is wearing a blue jacket is my best friend.（who/which/where）
② This is the house ______ my grandparents used to live.（that/where/why）
③ I still remember the day ______ we spent together in the countryside.（when/which/why）
④ The reason ______ he was absent from school is unknown.（why/which/who）
（4）改正下列句子中的错误
① This is the book who I borrowed from the library yesterday.
___________________________________________________
② The girl which is standing at the door is my sister.
___________________________________________________
③ I don't like the movies that has too much violence.
___________________________________________________
④ His father, that is a doctor, works in a big hospital.
___________________________________________________
二、状语从句
1. 定义
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的从句，相当于副词的作用，用来表示时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较等。
2. 分类及核心引导词、用法
从句类型 常见引导词 核心用法 例句
时间状语从句 when, while, as, before, after, until, since, as soon as ① when后可接延续性/非延续性动词；while后接延续性动词（多表“同时进行”）； ② as soon as引导的从句，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来（主将从现） ① I was reading when he came in. ② While she was cooking, I was doing my homework. ③ As soon as he arrives, I will call you.
原因状语从句 because, since, as ① because语气最强，回答why的提问； ② since/as语气较弱，表“既然/由于”，常放句首 ① He didn't go to school because he was ill. ② Since you are tired, you can have a rest.
条件状语从句 if, unless（= if not）, as long as 主句用将来时/情态动词/祈使句，从句用一般现在时表将来（主将从现） ① If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. ② Unless you work hard, you won't pass the exam.
目的状语从句 so that, in order that 从句中常含can/could/may/might等情态动词，表“为了...” He studies hard so that he can enter a good high school.
结果状语从句 so...that..., such...that... ① so + 形容词/副词 + that；② such + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + that ① He is so tall that he can reach the shelf. ② It is such a beautiful flower that everyone likes it.
让步状语从句 though, although, even if/though though/although不能与but连用；even if表“即使”，语气更强 ① Although he is young, he knows a lot.（不能说Although...but...） ② Even if it snows, we will go to school.
比较状语从句 than, as...as..., not as/so...as... ① as...as...表“和...一样”，中间用原级；② not as/so...as...表“不如...”；③ than后接比较对象，从句常用省略形式 ① He runs as fast as his brother. ② She is not so tall as me. ③ He is taller than I (am).
4. 状语从句配套练习
（1）选择合适的引导词填空
① We will go to the zoo ______ the weather is fine tomorrow.（if/because/though）
② He fell asleep ______ he was watching TV.（when/while/after）
③ She worked hard ______ she could pass the exam.（so that/because/than）
④ ______ he is very young, he knows a lot about history.（Although/If/Because）
⑤ He didn't go to bed ______ his mother came back.（until/when/before）
⑥ ______ it is raining heavily, we still go to school on time.（Though/Because/If）
⑦ He runs ______ fast ______ no one can catch up with him.（so...that.../such...that.../as...as...）
⑧ I have lived in this city ______ I was born.（since/when/after）
（2）用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空
① If he ______ (come) tomorrow, we will have a party.
② While my mother ______ (cook) dinner, I was doing my homework.
③ He ______ (not go) to bed until his mother came back last night.
④ Since you ______ (finish) your homework, you can watch TV for a while.
⑤ As soon as they ______ (arrive) at the station, the train left.
⑥ She ______ (read) a book when the phone rang.
⑦ If I ______ (be) you, I would choose the red one.
（3）选择合适的引导词填空
① We will go to the zoo ______ the weather is fine tomorrow.（if/because/though）
② He fell asleep ______ he was watching TV.（when/while/after）
③ She worked hard ______ she could pass the exam.（so that/because/than）
④ ______ he is very young, he knows a lot about history.（Although/If/Because）
（4）用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空
① If he ______ (come) tomorrow, we will have a party.
② While my mother ______ (cook) dinner, I was doing my homework.
③ He ______ (not go) to bed until his mother came back last night.
④ Since you ______ (finish) your homework, you can watch TV for a while.
3. 核心规则：主将从现
当主句是一般将来时、祈使句或含情态动词（can, may, must等）时，时间、条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来。
例：① We will have a picnic if the weather is fine tomorrow.（主句将来时，从句一般现在时）
② Don't cross the road until the light turns green.（主句祈使句，从句一般现在时）
三、宾语从句
1. 定义
在句中作宾语的从句，位于及物动词、介词或某些形容词（如sure, glad, afraid等）之后。
例：
① I know that he is a student.（动词know后作宾语）
② She is interested in what he said.（介词in后作宾语）③ I'm sure that he will come.（形容词sure后作宾语）
2. 引导词
引导词类型 常见引导词 适用情况 例句
连词（无意义，可省略） that 从句是陈述句 She said (that) she would go to Beijing.（that可省略）
连接代词（有意义，不可省略） what, who, whom, whose, which 从句是特殊疑问句，在从句中作主语/宾语/定语等 ① I don't know what he wants.（what作wants的宾语）② Do you know whose book this is （whose作book的定语）
连接副词（有意义，不可省略） when, where, why, how 从句是特殊疑问句，在从句中作状语 ① He asked where I lived.（where作lived的地点状语）② I don't know why he was late.（why作late的原因状语）
连词（表“是否”） if, whether 从句是一般疑问句 ① She asked if/whether I liked English. ② I don't know whether he will come or not.（与or not连用时只能用whether）
3. 三大核心规则
（1）语序：陈述语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须用“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语”的陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。
正确：Do you know where he lives 错误：Do you know where does he live
正确：I want to know what he is doing. 错误：I want to know what is he doing.
（2）时态呼应
主句是一般现在时/一般将来时，从句可根据实际情况用任意时态。例：① He says he will go to the park.（主句一般现在时，从句将来时）② I will ask him what he did yesterday.（主句将来时，从句过去时）
主句是一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。例：① She said she was busy.（一般过去时）② He told me he had finished his homework.（过去完成时，表“过去的过去”）
从句是客观真理、客观事实时，无论主句时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。例：The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.（地球绕太阳转是客观真理，用一般现在时）
（3）否定转移
当主句主语是第一人称（I/we），谓语动词是think, believe, suppose等时，从句的否定要转移到主句上。
例：I don't think he is right.（正确，否定转移到主句）错误：I think he is not right.
4. 易错点总结
if与whether的区别：① 与or not连用、作介词宾语、位于句首时，只能用whether；② 其余情况可互换。例：Whether he will come or not is unknown.
疑问词引导的宾语从句，引导词不可省略，且必须用陈述语序。例：I don't know how I can solve this problem.（不能省略how，也不能说how can I）
时态呼应的特殊情况：客观真理用一般现在时，不受主句过去时态影响。
5. 宾语从句配套练习
（1）选择合适的引导词填空
① I don't know ______ he will arrive.（when/where/what）
② She asked me ______ I liked playing football.（if/that/which）
③ Do you know ______ book this is （whose/what/which）
④ He told me ______ he had seen the movie before.（that/if/why）
⑤ Can you tell me ______ way is the shortest （which/what/who）
⑥ I'm not sure ______ he will come or not.（whether/if/that）
（2）将下列句子改为宾语从句
① He said: "I will go to Beijing tomorrow."
___________________________________________________
② Does she like singing I want to know.
___________________________________________________
③ Where is the nearest bank Can you tell me
___________________________________________________
④ He finished his homework. I think.
___________________________________________________
（3）改正下列句子中的错误
① I think he is not right.
___________________________________________________
② She asked me what did I do last weekend.
___________________________________________________
③ The teacher told us that the earth was round.
___________________________________________________
④ I don't know if he will come or not.
___________________________________________________
⑤ He asked me where I will go tomorrow.
___________________________________________________
（4）选择合适的引导词填空
① I don't know ______ he will arrive.（when/where/what）
② She asked me ______ I liked playing football.（if/that/which）
③ Do you know ______ book this is （whose/what/which）
④ He told me ______ he had seen the movie before.（that/if/why）
（5）将下列句子改为宾语从句
① He said: "I will go to Beijing tomorrow."
___________________________________________________
② Does she like singing I want to know.
___________________________________________________
③ Where is the nearest bank Can you tell me
___________________________________________________
④ He finished his homework. I think.
1. 判断从句类型
（1）I know the boy who is talking to the teacher.（ ）
（2）If it doesn't rain, we will go hiking.（ ）
（3）She asked me where I bought this pen.（ ）
（4）He works hard so that he can get good grades.（ ）
2. 选择合适的引导词
（ ）1.This is the factory ______ my father works.
A. where B. which C. that
（ ）2.I don't know ______ he will come or not.
A. if B. whether C. that
（ ）3.He was late ______ he missed the early bus.
A. because B. so that C. although
（ ）4The book ______ I read yesterday is very interesting.
A. who B. which C. whose
3. 改正下列句子中的错误
（1）I think he is not a good student.
___________________________________________________
（2）Do you know where is the nearest hospital
___________________________________________________
（3）Although he is poor, but he is happy.
___________________________________________________
（4）She said that she will go to Shanghai next week.
___________________________________________________
参考答案：
5. 定语从句配套练习
（1）选择合适的关系词填空
① who ② where ③ which ④ why ⑤ whose ⑥ where ⑦ that ⑧ whom/who
（2）改正下列句子中的错误）
① who → which/that（先行词是物，用which/that引导）
② which → who/that（先行词是人，用who/that引导）
③ has → have（从句主语that指代movies，复数，谓语用原形）
④ that → who（非限制性定语从句，先行词是人，用who引导）
⑤ which → that（先行词被最高级best修饰，用that引导）
⑥ 去掉on it（where已作地点状语，无需额外介词短语）
⑦ 去掉him（whom已作met的宾语，避免重复指代）
（3）选择合适的关系词填空
① who ② where ③ which ④ why
（4）改正下列句子中的错误
① who → which/that（先行词是物，用which/that引导）
② which → who/that（先行词是人，用who/that引导）
③ has → have（从句主语that指代movies，复数，谓语用原形）
④ that → who（非限制性定语从句，先行词是人，用who引导）
4. 状语从句配套练习
（1）选择合适的引导词填空
① if ② while ③ so that ④ Although ⑤ until ⑥ Though ⑦ so...that... ⑧ since
（2）用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空
① comes（主将从现，从句用一般现在时）
② was cooking（while引导的从句，动作同时进行，用过去进行时）
③ didn't go（until引导的过去时句子，主句用一般过去时否定）
④ have finished（since引导的从句，强调动作完成，用现在完成时）
⑤ arrived（as soon as引导的从句，主句过去时，从句用相应过去时）
⑥ was reading（when引导的从句，主句动作正在进行，用过去进行时）
⑦ were（虚拟语气，if从句表示与现在事实相反，be动词用were）
（3）选择合适的引导词填空
① if ② while ③ so that ④ Although
（4）用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空
① comes（主将从现，从句用一般现在时）
② was cooking（while引导的从句，动作同时进行，用过去进行时）
③ didn't go（until引导的过去时句子，主句用一般过去时否定）
④ have finished（since引导的从句，强调动作完成，用现在完成时）
5. 宾语从句配套练习
（1）选择合适的引导词填空
① when ② if ③ whose ④ that ⑤ which ⑥ whether
（2）将下列句子改为宾语从句
① He said (that) he would go to Beijing the next day.（时态呼应，will→would；tomorrow→the next day）
② I want to know if/whether she likes singing.（一般疑问句改为宾语从句，用if/whether引导，陈述语序）
③ Can you tell me where the nearest bank is （特殊疑问句改为宾语从句，用where引导，陈述语序）
④ I think (that) he has finished his homework.（强调动作完成，用现在完成时）
（3）改正下列句子中的错误（共5题）
① I don't think he is right.（否定转移，将从句否定移到主句）
② did I do → I did（宾语从句用陈述语序）
③ was → is（从句是客观真理，用一般现在时）
④ if → whether（与or not连用，只能用whether）
⑤ will → would（主句过去时，从句用相应过去将来时）
5. 宾语从句配套练习
（1）选择合适的引导词填空
① when ② if ③ whose ④ that
（2）将下列句子改为宾语从句
① He said (that) he would go to Beijing the next day.（时态呼应，will→would；tomorrow→the next day）
② I want to know if/whether she likes singing.（一般疑问句改为宾语从句，用if/whether引导，陈述语序）
③ Can you tell me where the nearest bank is （特殊疑问句改为宾语从句，用where引导，陈述语序）
④ I think (that) he has finished his homework.（强调动作完成，用现在完成时）
（3）改正下列句子中的错误
① I don't think he is right.（否定转移，将从句否定移到主句）
② did I do → I did（宾语从句用陈述语序）
③ was → is（从句是客观真理，用一般现在时）
④ if → whether（与or not连用，只能用whether）
⑤ will → would（主句过去时，从句用相应过去将来时）
（4）选择合适的引导词填空
① when ② if ③ whose ④ that
（5）将下列句子改为宾语从句
① He said (that) he would go to Beijing the next day.（时态呼应，will→would；tomorrow→the next day）
② I want to know if/whether she likes singing.（一般疑问句改为宾语从句，用if/whether引导，陈述语序）
③ Can you tell me where the nearest bank is （特殊疑问句改为宾语从句，用where引导，陈述语序）
④ I think (that) he has finished his homework.（强调动作完成，用现在完成时）
四、专项练习
1.
（1）定语从句 （2）条件状语从句 （3）宾语从句 （4）目的状语从句
2.
（1）A （2）B （3）A （4）B
3.
（1）I don't think he is a good student.（否定转移）
（2）Do you know where the nearest hospital is （陈述语序）
（3）Although he is poor, he is happy.（去掉but）
（4）She said that she would go to Shanghai next week.（时态呼应，will改为would）

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