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(共28张PPT)
Discovering Useful Structures
Unit 3
Diverse Cultures
Learning Objectives
PART. 01
Understand the daily study and life of British middle school students by watching videos. Based on your own daily study and life, compare the study and life in Chinese and British schools, and find out the similarities and differences between the two. Talk about your first impression of high school life, and have a preliminary perception of the study and life in the senior high school stage.
Learning Objectives
Master the use of ellipsis (omitting repeated/unnecessary words) by identifying omitted parts in sentences/conversations and rewriting sentences with ellipsis. Understand conversational ellipsis and apply ellipsis to communicate concisely.
Explore cultural contexts through ellipsis-containing conversations, linking language use to cultural content.
Identify omitted words in sentences/conversations, recognizing how ellipsis enhances linguistic conciseness. Evaluate when ellipsis is appropriate and how it affects communication clarity.
Discuss ellipsis usage in conversations with peers, sharing insights on concise communication. Identify omitted words, rewrite sentences with ellipsis, and reflect on ellipsis’ role in efficient language use, taking ownership of mastering this grammatical feature.
Understand the daily study and life of British middle school students by watching videos. Based on your own daily study and life, compare the study and life in Chinese and British schools, and find out the similarities and differences between the two. Talk about your first impression of high school life, and have a preliminary perception of the study and life in the senior high school stage.
Teaching Focuses and Anticipated Difficulties
Master the use of ellipsis by identifying omitted parts in sentences and conversations, rewrite sentences with ellipsis, and apply it to communicate concisely.
Recognizing how ellipsis enhances linguistic conciseness, and evaluating when ellipsis is appropriate while keeping communication clear.
Discovering Useful Structure
PART. 02
Read the following sentences and find the words that have been omitted to avoid repetition.
1. A: Oh, I just love nachos! Mexican corn chips covered in cheese!
B: Me, too.
2. A: So it’s the food of many different cultures, all in one dish
B: Exactly.
3. A real mix of cultures here!
4. Can’t wait!
A: Oh, I just love nachos! They are Mexican corn chips covered in cheese!
B: I love nachos, too.
A: So it’s the food of many different cultures, and they are all in one dish
B: Exactly, it’s the food of many different cultures, and they are all in one dish.
There is a real mix of cultures here!
I can’t wait to go there!
Ellipsis（省略）
一、概述
在英语表达中，为实现语言简洁凝练、重点突出的效果，常会省去句子中的部分成分，这种语法现象被称为省略。省略不影响句意理解，反而能让表达更紧凑自然。
二、词法上的省略
1. 介词的省略
（1）部分与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词可直接省略，仅保留介词后的动名词（V-ing）形式。常见的固定结构如下：
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth be busy (in) doing sth
spend some time (in) doing sth stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth
The terrible storm stopped them (from) finishing the outdoor activity on time.
这场可怕的暴风雨让他们没能按时完成户外活动。
She spent two hours (in) preparing for the English speech contest.
她花了两个小时准备英语演讲比赛。
（2）表示一段时间或方式的短语中的for, in, by, at 等常常省略；但是在否定句中或引导介词短语位于句首强调持续时间时，for 一般不可省略。
The snowy weather lasted (for) two weeks. 雪持续下了两个星期。
She didn't say anything for several hours. 她几个小时一句话也没说。
2. 替代性省略
省略某个词、词组或句子时，需借助特定替代词来保持句意完整。
（1）用 do 替代省略的动词或动词短语。
Lily sings more beautifully than her sister does. 莉莉唱歌比她姐姐好听。
（2）在 believe, expect, suppose, think 及 it appears/seems 后，用 so 替代前文内容表示肯定；用not或 not... so表示否定。
注意：hope, guess, be afraid 的否定形式只能用 not，不能用 not ... so。
—Will your team win the basketball match this weekend
——你们队这周末能赢得篮球赛吗？
—I suppose so. / I don’t suppose so. / I suppose not.
——我认为能。/ 我认为不能。/ 我认为不能。
— The math exam is going to be extremely difficult, isn’t it 这次数学考试会非常难，是吗？
— I’m afraid not. 恐怕不会。
（3）用 the same 替代名词词组、形容词词组、从句或比较结构。
— I missed the school bus and was late for class this morning.
——我今天早上没赶上校车，上课迟到了。
— The same happened to my deskmate. ——我的同桌也遇到了一样的事。
（4）用“So/Nor (Neither)+ 谓语 / 助动词 + 主语”句型，替代前文情况，表示该情况也适用于后者。
—I have never been to the newly-built city library.
——我从没去过新建的城市图书馆。
— Neither have I. Let’s go there this Saturday afternoon.
——我也没去过。我们这周六下午去吧。
3. 不定式（短语）的省略
（1）want, wish, expect, hope, would like, try, forget 等动词后接不定式（短语）作宾语时，可省略 to 后的内容，保留 to。
My parents told me to take part in the volunteer activity, but I didn’t want to.
我父母让我参加志愿者活动，但我不想去。
（2）两个或多个句法功能相同的不定式（短语）并列时，第一个带 to，后面的不定式（短语）省略 to。
The little girl likes to sing, dance and draw pictures in her spare time.
这个小女孩喜欢在业余时间唱歌、跳舞和画画。
（3）ask, advise, persuade, wish, allow, permit, tell, expect, force, invite, beg 等动词后接不定式作宾语补足语时，省略 to 后的动词，保留 to。
特别提醒：若省略的不定式中包含 be 动词或助动词 have 的任何形式，to 后必须保留 be 或 have。
Tom plans to travel alone this summer vacation, but his parents won’t allow him to.
汤姆计划今年暑假独自旅行，但他父母不会允许他这么做。
She said she had been to Paris twice, but we didn’t expect her to have been.
她说她去过巴黎两次，但我们没想到她真的去过。
（4）感官动词（see, look at, hear, listen to, watch 等）和使役动词（make, let, have 等）后接不定式作宾补时，省略 to；但这类动词用于被动语态时，to 不可省略。
The teacher let the students write a book review after reading the novel.
= The students were let to write a book review after reading the novel.
老师让学生们读完这本小说后写一篇书评。
（5）作介词but, except, besides的宾语，且前面又有实义动词do的任何形式时，后面的不定式（短语）常省略to。
All he could do was nothing but wait. 他所能做的只有等待。
（6）pleased, glad, happy 等形容词后常省略不定式内容，保留 to。
— Would you like to attend my birthday party next Sunday
——你愿意来参加我下周日的生日派对吗？
— I’d be happy to. ——我很乐意。
（7）why/why not 引导特殊疑问句时，后面接省略 to 的不定式。
Why argue with your parents over such a small matter
何必为了这么小的一件事和父母争论呢？
三、句法上的省略
1. 简单句中的省略
（1）感叹句中常省略主语和谓语（通常是 it is/they are）。
What a wonderful performance (it is)!多么精彩的一场演出啊！
（2）口语中常省略主语、谓语等成分，使表达更简洁。
(Is there) Any problem with your group project 你们的小组项目有什么问题吗？
2. 并列句中的省略
（1）省略共同的主语或宾语。
All the new books are well-designed, (all the new books are) beautifully illustrated and (all the new books are) popular among teenagers.
所有的新书设计精良、插图精美，很受青少年欢迎。
（2）主语不同但助动词 / 情态动词相同时，省略后面的助动词 / 情态动词。
Lucy must have been reading in the library and her brother (must have been) playing basketball on the playground.
露西肯定一直在图书馆看书，她哥哥肯定一直在操场上打篮球。
（3）主语与谓语相同时，省略后面的主语和谓语。
The funny story made all the children laugh, but (the funny story made) the teacher a little angry.
这个有趣的故事让所有孩子都笑了，却让老师有点生气。
（4）主语不同但谓语及后续部分相同时，省略主要动词及后续内容。
My brother started to learn the piano in 2018 and my cousin (started to learn the piano) in 2020.我哥哥 2018 年开始学钢琴，我表姐 2020 年开始学。
3. 状语从句中的省略
（1）在 when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if /as though, as, whether 等引导的状语从句中，若从句谓语含 be 动词，从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it，则可省略从句的主语和 be 动词。
Be careful when (you are) driving on rainy days.
雨天开车时要小心。
Her suggestion, whether (it is) practical or not, deserves our careful discussion.
她的建议，无论是否实用，都值得我们仔细讨论。
（2）if it is possible, when it is necessary 等结构中，常省略 it is。
I will call you in advance if (it is) necessary. 如果有必要，我会提前给你打电话。
4. 定语从句与名词性从句中的省略
（1）限制性定语从句中，关系代词 whom, which, that 作宾语且不位于介词后时，可省略；that 在先行词 way 后作方式状语时可省略。
This is the magazine (which/that) I bought from the bookstore yesterday.
这就是我昨天从书店买的那本杂志。
I don’t like the way (that) she talks to her classmates. 我不喜欢她和同学说话的方式。
（2）know, think, consider, suppose, find, believe, say, decide 等动词后的宾语从句，引导词 that 可省略；若有多个宾语从句，仅第一个 that 能省略，其余的不可省略。
She said (that) she would help me with my English and that we could practice together every day.
她说她会帮我补习英语，还说我们可以每天一起练习。
（3）which, when, where, how, why 等引导的宾语从句中，有时引导词后的成分可全部或部分省略。
The concert will be held next month, but no one knows where (the concert will be held).
音乐会将于下个月举办，但没人知道举办地点。
（4）suggest, request, order, advise 等词表示 “建议、要求、命令” 时，相关名词性从句需用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，其中should 可省略。
It is requested that all students (should) hand in their homework before Friday.
要求所有学生周五前交作业。
Rewrite the sentences by taking out the unnecessary parts.
1. You mean you are planning a trip across the Atlantic for a holiday It sounds like a good idea.
2. He tried to solve his financial problems, but he couldn’t solve the problems.
3. If it is necessary, I’ll finish my report on American poetry as soon as it is possible.
4. Are you going to dress like that Wearing a dress might be better than wearing jeans and boots.
5. Some wild mushrooms are poisonous and some are not poisonous.
6. I really like that paper folding book, and my son likes that paper folding book, too.
Good idea.
but couldn’t.
A dress might be better than jeans and boots.
Read the conversation. Find out which words have been left out.
Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Any recommendations for places to
visit
Linlin: Wow, cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. Places to visit ... well, definitely the
Huangguoshu Waterfall first.
Justin: What’s special about the waterfall
Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West
Justin: Yes, I have. Why
Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King.
Justin: Really Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.
Linlin: And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse
than you thought.
Justin: Sounds great, thanks!
Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Do you have any recommendations for places to visit in Guizhou Province
Wow, that’s cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. What are some places to visit in Guizhou Well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall is the first place to visit in Guizhou Province.
Yes, I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West. Why do you ask if I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West
In the back of the Huangguoshu waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King from Journey to the West.
That’s really true It’s cool! I’ll definitely check it out.
And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages on your trip to Guizhou Province. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought it was.
This all sounds great, thanks!
Complete the sentences.
1. 写一首讲述勇气、决心和力量如何帮助你面对生活中的挑战的诗。（祈使句省略）
_______________ about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
2. 詹妮弗为了实现她的目标而牺牲了自己，放弃了和孩子们在一起的许多夜晚，也错过了重要的学习活动。（while 状语从句省略）
Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal, while _____________ many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.
3. 普通的肥皂，如果使用得当，可以有效地清除细菌。
Ordinary soap, ________________, can deal with bacteria effectively.
Write a poem
giving up
used correctly
Exercise
PART. 03
1. Some experts believe that the students, once ________ to computer games, will probably lose opportunities of making progress.
A. addicted B. addicting C. addict D. being addicted
2. When ________, you mustn’t speak a word during the interview.
A. not asking B. being not asked C．not asked D. having not asked
3. Tom wanted to play football with his friends in the street, but his father told him ________.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
Exercise: 单选题
A
C
A
4. One thing you can’t help but________when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space.
A. notice B. to notice C. to be noticed D. being noticed
5. If ________, a white lie can cause a crisis and possibly damage a relationship.
A. discovered B. being discovered C. discovering D. to discover
6. Experts warn that medical waste from hospitals, if not ________ properly, may lead to the spread of diseases.
A. to be handled B. handled C. handling D. to handle
Exercise: 单选题
A
A
B
Summary
PART. 04
添加标题
ADD THE TITLE HERE
Discovering Useful Structure
省略
概述
词法上的省略
介词的省略
替代性省略
不定式（短语）的省略
简单句中的省略
并列句中的省略
状语从句中的省略
定语从句与名词性从句中的省略
句法上的省略
Homework
PART. 05
Summarize the usage of ellipsis.
Homework

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