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(共27张PPT)
Unit2 Bridging cultures
---Discovering useful structures
Be able to review the functions of noun clauses
Be able to understand the meaning of noun clauses in different context
Be able to use noun clauses properly in writing
Learning Objectives
In this class, you will be able to:
1．What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to Xie Lei.
2. What surprised Xie Lei was that she found herself speaking up in class
after just a few weeks.
3．It's important that Xie Lei keeps a balance between her studies and
her social life.
4．That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first
or second language.
5．Her tutor explained that she was supposed to read lots of information
to help form a wise opinion of her own.
6．The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.
主语从句
主语从句。it为形式主语
表语从句
主语从句
表语从句
宾语从句
同位语从句
Lead-in
名词性从句
noun clause
主语从句
subject clause
宾语从句
object clause
表语从句
predicative clause
同位语从句
appositive clause
从句一律保持
陈述语序
在主从复合句中，起名词作用的各种从句，统称为名词性从句。
根据名词性从句在主句中所起的语法作用/所做成分，可分为：
Revision
a. 及物动词或介词之后
d. 句首或句末
b. 系动词之后
①主语从句
②宾语从句
③表语从句
④同位语从句
c. 名词之后
Revision
主语从句
在复合句中作主语的从句叫作主语从句
含义
从属连词: that, whether, if
连接代词: who, whoever, whom, whose, what, whatever, which, whichever
连接副词: when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however
连接词
注意
1.语序问题: 陈述语序(主语+谓语)
2.主谓一致问题/3.虚拟语气问题
4.It作形式主语的句型
Subject clause
Practice
1. __________ the earth goes around the sun is known to all.
2. It is no wonder ________ he didn’t want to go.
3. _________ they will put off the meeting hasn’t been decided.
4. ________ we can’t get seems better than what we have.
5. _________ leaves the room last should turn off the lights.
6. ________ he didn’t come here is not clear to everyone.
7.________is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world （超凡脱俗的）scenes.
That
that
Whether
What
Whoever
Why
What
表语从句
在复合句中作表语的从句叫作主语从句
含义
从属连词: that, whether；because,as if/though
连接代词: who, whoever, whom, whose, what, whatever, which, whichever
连接副词: when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however
连接词
注意
1.语序问题: 陈述语序(主语+谓语)
2.why和because区别及that 3.虚拟语气问题
4.as if/though引导的表从
Predicative clause
Practice
1.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is ______ they need an English trainer.
2. This is _____my father has taught me---to always face difficulties and hope for the best. (2018北京)
3. By boat is the only way to get here, which is________ we arrived.
4. He is humorous while his brother is serious. That’s ________ their difference lies.
why
what
how
where
01
Xie Lei also found that many countries included students’ participation in class as part of the final result.
I don’t know whether there are multiple fish in the lake.
We are talking about who should go there.
I am sure that I will pass the exam.
宾语从句的位置：
及物动词之后
介词之后
某些形容词之后
宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分
Object clause
01
连词 作用
从属连词：that (常可省略), whether, if 不充当成分，that无意义，常省略；whether/if表“是否”，不能省略，有时互换。
连接代词：who, what, which, whoever, whatever... 疑问代词本身的含义，充当“主宾表定”。
连接副词：when, where, why, how 疑问代词本身的含义，充当状语。
Object clause
1. I wonder ________you improve your writing.—By keeping a diary every day.
2. —Could you tell me ________Henry is —Yes, he’s in the library.
3. I believe _________ April is the hottest month in Thailand.
4. At that time I was not sure __________he would pick me on time the next day.
5. I don’t know ________will accompany you to the concert tonight.
how
where
that
whether
who
Practice
1. 形容词后跟宾语从句的用法只限于少数形容词，比如sure,certain,afraid,confident等
e.g I’m not sure whether the student is still occupied with his essay.
2. it作形式宾语时，真正的宾语通常由that引导，并放在句后。
e.g We think it possible that you can finish the work today.
find/feel/think/consider/make等+it+adj./n.+that从句
Notice
3. 表示喜欢、憎恶等心理活动的动词（词组）+it+宾语从句
e.g I hate it when he calls me at work.
hate/enjoy/dislike/love
don’t mind/feel like
rely on/count on（指望）/see to（照顾）
appreciate/take（认为）/owe（负责）
① I’d appreciate ______ very much if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
② I can put up with the crowded house, but I hate it______ it’s not clean.
it
if
Notice
D
D
1. The gold medal will be awarded to ________ wins the first place in the bicycle race. (2018 天津改)
2. She asked me ____________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t. (2017 天津改)
3. We must find out ________ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him. (2015 重庆改)
whether / if
when
whoever
Practice
1. Their friend, Danny Lin, was waiting at the airport.
2. Mr.Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.
3. The news that they had won the basketball game soon spread the whole school .
同位语从句, 指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句，属于名词性从句的范畴; 同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释, 说明该抽象名词的具体内容
Appositive clause
⑴I like it because of the fact that it is informative and its language is beautiful and genuine .
⑵The news that the earthquake happened in Japan shocked Chinese everybody.
⑶Give me your promise that you will come to your party this evening
⑷There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.
⑸The proposal that the plan ( should ) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.
常见的可接同位语从句的名词有:
消息、信息： fact, news
可能性：possibility, probability
要求：requirement, request
建议： suggestion, advice, proposal
命令：order, instruction
其他： awareness, thought, opinion
Appositive clause
引导同位语从句的连接词
功能 例词
从属 连词 只起连接作用，不充当从句中的任何成分。 that, whether
连接 代词 既起连接作用，又在从句中担任成分（主语、宾语、表语或定语）。 who, what, whose, which, whom
连接 副词 既起连接作用，又在从句中担任成分（状语）。 when, where, why, how
Appositive clause
1. The opinion ______ learning is a lifelong process has been expressed by education experts throughout the years. (2019 天津改)
2. The question _____ should give a presentation hasn’t been decided yet.
3. We’ll discussed the problem ________the sports meeting will be hold on time.
that
who
whether
Practice
1.Yesterday, word came that they won the football game.
2.A thought came to my mind that we should have a rest .
3.The fact can’t be ignored that he is an honest boy.
word
that
thought
that
fact
that
同位语从句引导词可以不紧跟先行词(抽象名词)，而被动词隔开。
注意
Word came that… 消息传来说…
News came that… 消息传来说…
A story goes that… 传说…
A saying goes that…有一句谚语说…
常见句式
1.分隔式同位语从句的常见句式
Notice
1.His suggestion that we (should) have a map is reasonable.
2.Mr. Black refused our request that we (should) have three days off to prepare for the coming exam.
3.The command that a meeting (should) be held before the event is from the president.
2.同位语从句中的虚拟语气：当名词为表示命令、建议、要求等词时，从句谓语要用(should)+动原。
Notice
The news (that) they told us cheered us all.
The news that they won the competition cheered us all.
3.同位语从句 和定语从句的区别
句子类型 名词 与前面名词的关系 连接词 省略
同位语从句
定语从句
抽象名词
名词无限制，也可是代词
同位关系：对名词进行补充说明
所属关系：对名词进行修饰, 加以限定
连接作用，不作成分
连接作用，宾语和主语
that不能省略
宾that可以省略
同位语
定语从句
1. The suggestion ___________he raised at the meeting is very good.
2. The suggestion ____________the students (should) have plenty of exercise is very good.
(which/that)
that
Notice
1.The news that there are no lives on the moon is known to us all.
2.The news that you heard is not true.
3. The fact that the Chinese people are brave is well-known.
4. The fact that they are talking about is very important to us.
判断同位语从句及定语从句
同位语从句
定语从句
同位语从句
定语从句
Practice
方法点拨
　
① 找从句，判断从句类型
② 看从句是否缺成分
不缺 从属连词
缺主宾表定 连接代词
缺状语 连接副词
③ 看句意
★
what(东西/事情，指物)
/who(谁，指人)
/which(哪一个)/whose(谁的)
时间 when 地点 where
原因 why 怎样如何用 how
从句缺什么补什么
Practice
1. we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
2.The reason for his absence is he hasn't been informed.
3.He must answer the question he agrees with it or not.
4.Scientists point out the globe is getting warmer and warmer.
5.There is some doubt the sports meeting will be held on time.
6.I've come with a message he won't be able to see you this afternoon.
How
that
whether
that
whether
that
Practice
7.It is necessary that a college student (master) a foreign language.
8.We mostly had to rely on the radio or newspapers to know _____ was going on in the world.
9.We all consider important that children should take plenty of milk as they grow.
10.Though scientists aren't sure is causing this change，the publishers of the study think that it’s connected to rainfall.
(should) master
what
it
what
Practice
Thank you

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