资源简介

Unit 2
Understanding each other
What went wrong in the communication between the two people?
Before you read the transcript, think about the following questions:
Do you think you are an effective communicator?
Being an effective communicator, what qualities should you have?

a good listener
outgoing
selfless
helpful
active
Famous saying (P15)
We have two ears and one mouth so that we can listen twice as much as we speak. — Epictetus
爱比克泰德(1871-1922)，奴隶出身，罗马著名哲学家。这句话意在强调沟通时要注意倾听。
我们有两只耳朵和一个嘴巴，所以我们可以听到的是我们所说的两倍。 —— 爱比克泰德
Here is a lecture transcript about effective communication. Let’s read it together.
Engagement
讲座文稿/记录
Para.1: Introduction
Para.2: Definition
What is 1. .
Para.3:
Some useful 2.___________
can help you to determine how best to communicate with others.
Para.4:
3.______________
is very important
for you to commu-
nicate with others.
Para.5:
The value of 4._________ should
not be understated
in the communication.
Para.6: Importance
Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
communication
information
Body language
empathy
Activity 1: Read for the structure
Para 1：Introduction
Para 2：
Definition
Para 6：Importance
Para 3-5：
Communication skills
Exploration
Effective communication 有效沟通
If you heard someone shout “Hey you!” from across the room, how would you react? Just these two words can carry a lot of information. They could be interpreted as a welcoming greeting from a close friend, especially if accompanied by a gentle smile.
para.1
如果你听到有人在房间另一头喊“嘿，朋友！”，你会有什么反应？仅仅这两个词就能承载很多信息。它们可以被解读成来自一位亲密朋友的欢迎问候，尤其是伴随着温柔的微笑时。
When spoken by a stranger, they can function as a means of attracting your attention. Much of what we communicate
is dependent not only on the words we use, but also on how we use them. So, let’s look a little deeper into the topic of communication.
para.1
当一个陌生人这样说时，这句话可以作为吸引你注意力的一种方式。我们沟通的许多内容不仅取决于我们所使用的词语，还取决于我们如何运用它们。因此，让我们更深入地研究/了解一下沟通这个话题。
Detailed Reading: read Pa. 1 and answer the question.
example
1. What’s the function of the example here?
A. To support the author’s opinion
B. To introduce/ lead to the topic
C. To stress the importance of effective communication
D. To define the effective communication
Communication is the process of exchanging information between a sender and a receiver. The sender encodes a message and sends it face to face, or through video, telephone, mail or social media. This message is then received and decoded by the receiver.
沟通是一位发送者和一位接收者之间交换信息的过程。发送者对一条信息进行编码然后当面发送出去，或是通过视频、电话、邮件或社交媒体。这条信息随后被接收者收到并解码。
para.2
In response, the receiver sends an encoded message back, which is referred to as feedback. This feedback is decoded by the original sender and the entire cycle repeats itself until they have finished communicating.
para.2
作为回应，接收者再发回一条编码信息，这被称为反馈。这条反馈再被原先的发送者解码，然后整个过程不断重复/循环往复，直到他们完成沟通。
Detailed Reading: read Pa. 2 and answer the questions.
1. What is communication?
Communication is the process of exchanging information between a sender and a receiver.
receive and _________ the message,
and send back _________
________ a message
Para 2
feedback
encode
The entire cycle ________ itself until the communication ends.
A sender
2. What is the effective communication cycle?
decode
repeats
A receiver
________ this feedback
decode
This communication process can be challenging but, with practice and patience, you can become a highly competent communicator. To accomplish this, you need to know with whom you are communicating.
para.3
这一沟通的过程可能是具有挑战性的，但是经过练习且拥有耐心，你就可以成为一名非常有能力的沟通者。要实现这个目标，你需要知道你在和谁沟通。
para.3
What is their age or position? What is their relationship with you? What expectations and cultural backgrounds do they have? Once you have obtained this information, you can use it to determine how best to communicate with them.
para.3
他们的年龄多大或者职位如何？他们和你是什么关系？他们有什么期待、是什么文化背景？一旦获得了这些信息，你就可以据此决定如何最好地与他们沟通。
Depending on whether you are communicating with a stranger, friend, family member or co-worker, you will need to decide which communication channel best suits the situation. Furthermore, you will need to determine the appropriate style to use and how complex your choice of words should be.
para.3
根据你是在与陌生人、朋友、家人还是同事沟通，你需要决定哪种沟通渠道最适合当前的情境。此外，你还需要确定使用何种得体的/恰当的沟通风格，以及选词应该有多复杂。
depend on 根据，取决于
For example, if you are a business person negotiating with a large enterprise about a deal, you should do it face to face, using formal language in a straightforward manner.
para.3
例如，如果你是一名商务人士，正在与一家大型企业洽谈一笔交易，你应该面对面地、用正式的语言并以直截了当的方式进行沟通。
negotiate with 与...洽谈
Your body language is equally important, since it reveals a lot about your thoughts and attitudes. Make sure it clearly supports the message you want to deliver. A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed, while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction.
para.4
你的肢体语言同样重要，因为它可以透露很多关于你的想法和态度的信息。确保你的肢体语言明确地/清晰地支撑你想要传达的信息。微笑表明你关注正在讨论的问题，而双臂交叉/折叠、看向别处则会表示你不感兴趣，这样会造成不信任或引起摩擦。
Additionally, you should not ignore the other person’s body language, which will give you clues as to whether the conversation is going well or not. When you notice a change in the other person’s body language, you should adjust how you are communicating accordingly.
para.4
此外，你不应该忽视对方的肢体语言，它会为你提供线索，告诉你谈话进行得是否顺利。当你注意到对方的肢体语言产生变化时，你应该相应地调整你的沟通方式。
If someone looks at you with a confused expression, this could indicate that they have not completely understood your point. Then you will need to clarify your message before moving on.
para.4
如果有人用困惑的表情看着你，这可能表明他们还没有完全理解你的观点。那么在继续对话之前，你将需要进一步阐明你的信息。
While being knowledgeable about body language is vital, the
value of empathy should not be understated. Seek to understand the other person’s emotions, by putting yourself in their shoes and looking at the situation from their perspective.
para.5
para.5
虽然了解肢体语言至关重要，但是也不应轻视同理心的价值。通过设身处地(为他人着想)，从对方的角度看待情况，从而试图理解对方的情绪。
Suppose you are discussing a project with your partner, who has just lost an important basketball game and is inactive. To engage him or her in the discussion and make your communication more effective, you may express your sympathy by, for instance, saying, “I understand how you feel ...”
假设你正在和你的搭档讨论一个项目，对方刚刚输掉了一场重要的篮球比赛，因而表现不积极。为了让他或她参与到讨论中来，并且使你的沟通更为有效，你可以通过语言表达你的同情，比如对他（她）说，“我理解你的感受……”
para.5
However, some issues may be complicated and you may be confused about why others feel the way they do. Only when you give serious consideration to their points of view will you be able to see what accounts for their emotions and empathize with them.
然而，有些问题可能是复杂的，你可能会对其他人为什么会有这样的感受感到困惑。只有当你认真/严肃考虑他们的想法/观点时才能了解什么导致了他们的情绪，并与他们产生共鸣。
para.5
account for 是...的原因，解释/说明，占（比例）
You may not approve of their ideas but at least you will see where they are coming from, which means you can make adjustments to your own tone and choice of words accordingly.
你可能不赞同他们的观点，但至少你会明白这些观点是从何而来，这意味着你可以相应地调整自己的语气和用词。
para.5

Effective communication will enable you to settle differences and disagreements appropriately and improve your interactions with others. Good communication skills will also help you build trust and gain respect, allowing relationships to become more positive and productive. So, get practising and good luck!
有效沟通会让你妥善解决/处理不同意见和分歧，改善与他人的互动。良好的沟通技巧也会帮助你建立信任、赢得尊重，让人际关系变得更加积极且富有成效。所以，开始练习吧，祝你好运！
para.6
enable v.使能够
Discussion
What other suggestions can you give on how to become an
effective communicator?
Be patient. Do not interrupt the person while they are speaking. Patiently wait for them to finish.
Use eye contact
Be confident
Learn about the cultural background
Be courteous
Be concise
5C+
1P
简洁的
有礼貌的，谦逊的
Para.1
Communication is dependent not only on what we say, but also on how we say it.
Para.2 __________________________
________________________________________________________
Para.3 _______
________________________________
________________
Para.4 _______
___________________________________________________
Para.5 _______
________________________________
________________
Para.6 Effective communication will help solve problems, improve interactions, build trust and gain respect.
Communication is the process of exchanging information between a sender and a receiver.
Knowing with whom you are communicate is important.
Body language is a way to show your thoughts and attitudes.
The value of empathy should not be understated.
2. What information can help you determine how best to
communicate with others?
What is their age or position?
What is their relationship with you?
What expectations and cultural backgrounds do they have?
3. Why should you pay attention to the other person’s
body language?
4. How can you seek to understand the other person’s
emotions?
Because body language can reveal a lot about thoughts and attitude.
By putting yourself in their shoes and looking at the situation from their perspective.

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