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(共28张PPT)
Discover useful structures
Unit 4 Body Language
1. Identify the uses of the -ing form as the object and the predicative;
2. Read and understand the differences between the V-ing form as object and predicative;
3. Use the V-ing form as object and predicative to express your ideas.
Learning Objectives
Lead-in
1.Swimming in this river is dangerous.
2.哭没有用。
3.早睡早起对我们健康有好处。
动名词作主语
概念：动词ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，
包括__________和________两种。
动词ing形式的时态和语态：
动词ing形式在句中的语法作用：动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语；现在分词在句中作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
主 动 被 动
一般
完成
否定式 doing
being done
having done
having been done
not+v-ing
现在分词
动名词
Describe the picture with V-ing.
It seems that the cat enjoys_____________
(喝啤酒) very much.
drinking beer
Lead-in
2.The dog dreams of________________
(变成一只鸟).
becoming a bird
Some body language has many different uses. Perhaps the best example is _______(smile).
smiling
作宾语
作宾语
作表语
Observe and Analyze
I enjoy learning about body language in different cultures.
I find myself constantly interested in learning about body language, too.
及物动词
介词
v-ing 作宾语
动作的承受者
宾语
位置
及物动词和介词后
一.作及物动词的宾语
1.有些动词后面只能跟动词ing作宾语。有此用法的动词有：allow, advise, admit, appreciate, avoid, bear, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, forbid, imagine, keep, mind, permit, practice, quit, risk, suggest等。
动词ing作宾语
We’re considering paying a visit to the Science Museum.
You can’t avoid making a mistake.
一.作及物动词的宾语
1.有些动词后面只能跟动词ing作宾语。常这样用的动词口诀：
避免错误少延期（avoid, miss, postpone/delay/put off)
建议完成多练习（advise/suggest, finish, practice)
喜欢想象禁不住（enjoy, imagine, can’t help)
承认否定与嫉妒（admit, deny, envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅（escape, risk, forgive/excuse)
忍受保持不介意（stand, keep, mind)
动词ing作宾语
一.作及物动词的宾语
动词ing作宾语
2.有些动词既可接to do 又可接动词-ing形式作宾语，且意义不同。
I remembered turning off the lights when I left the room.
Remember to turn off the lights when you leave the room.
forget
doing
to do
忘记做过……
忘记要做……
mean
to do
doing
to do
doing
to do
doing
to do
doing
to do
doing
to do
doing
记着做过……
记得要去做……
后悔做了……
遗憾要做……
尝试做……
尽力做……
意味着……
打算做……
停止做（同一件事）
停下来去做（另外一件事）
继续做（同一件事）
继续做（另外一件事）
remember
try
regret
stop
go on
2.有些动词既可接to do 又可接动词-ing形式作宾语，且意义不同。
1) He stopped ________ (smoke) and have a rest.
2) He really must stop_________ (smoke).
3) Let’s try _________ (knock) at the back door.
4) I didn’t mean ________ (hurt) your feeling.
5) This word means ________ (set) out at once.
6) I can’t help ________ (clean) the room, for I am too busy.
7) After hearing the joke, we can’t help _________ (laugh).
8) Water is used to _______(water) flowers.
9) I am used to __________ (get up) early.
10) Though it rained, they went on _________ (work).
11) We have finished Part 1. Let’s go on _________ (learn) Part 2.
to smoke
smoking
knocking
to hurt
setting
完成下列句子
to clean
laughing
water
getting up
working
to learn
一.作及物动词的宾语
动词ing作宾语
3.动词need，require，want意为“需要”和deserve值得，后跟动词ing以主动形式表被动语态，与不定式的被动式to be done作宾语意义没有区别。
=Although body language is really powerful, it needs using properly.
Although body language is really powerful, it needs _____________ (use) properly.
to be used
The car requires __________________ (repair).
= The car requires____________________(repair).
repairing
to be repaired
Sth. need/want/require doing= to be done 某事需要被做
Sth. deserve doing=to be done 某事值得被做
Sb. +
think
believe
consider
find
feel
+ it +
useless
no use
no good
a waste of time
worthwhile
+V-ing
I found it useless _________________________(讨论这个问题).
discussing the problem.
Do you consider it worthwhile _____________(再试一次)
trying again
动词ing作宾语
一.作及物动词的宾语
4.用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词-ing形式
1. 动词-ing 形式常位于介词后作宾语成分，与其前面的介词一起构成介宾结构。
My father is used to going to bed late and getting up very early.
I can't wait to receive your reply.
动词ing作宾语
二.作介词的宾语
1.It seems that the cat is interested in
________________________.
2.The cat doesn’t care about________.
playing computer games
eating
常见的有介词to 的短语：
be used to 习惯于
get down to 开始做；
lead /contribute to 导致；
devote oneself to 致力于…… ；
look forward to 期待；stick to 坚持；
pay attention to 注意；object to 反对；
动词ing作宾语
二.作介词的宾语
2.在以下结构中，v-ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略。
spend …(in) doing 花费(时间或金钱)做某事
be busy (in)+ doing sth. 忙于做某事
waste time (in)+ doing sth. 浪费时间做某事
prevent/stop …(from) doing 阻止…做某事
have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing 做某事有困难
have a good/hard time (in) doing sth. 高兴做某事/做某事很艰难
There is no point (in) + doing 做某事是没有意义的
动名词的复合结构
动词-ing形式
逻辑主语
+
=
I approve of you/your trying to make some money, but please don’t neglect your studies.
你介意打开窗户吗？
你介意我打开窗户吗？
你介意Tom打开窗户吗？
Would you mind Tom/Tom’s opening the window
Would you mind opening the window
Would you mind me/my opening the window
名词
名词所有格
宾格代词
形容词性物主代词
注意 动词-ing的复合结构作宾语
注意：当动名词的复合结构做主语时，逻辑主语只能用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词
动词-ing形式作宾语
位于介词之后
(介宾）
注意区分介词to与动词不定式符号to
注意介词省略的情况
位于及物动词之后（动宾）
有些动词只接动词-ing形式
有些动词既可接动词不定式又可接动词-ing形式，但意义不同
有些动词后接动词-ing形式作宾语，但表达动词不定式被动语态的意义。
it作形式宾语
Summary
v-ing 作表语
Observe and Analyze
Bill’s job is teaching sign language.
表语：用来说明主语的身份、内容、性质、品性、特征或状态的句子成分。位置：在__________之后。
系动词
be动词
感官动词: feel/sound/taste/smell摸起来/听上去/尝起来/闻起来
变化类动词: get/go/grow/turn/become变得
保持类动词: keep/remain 仍然
似乎，证明类动词: appear/seem/prove/turn out
作表语的动词 ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。
动词-ing形式作表语
1．现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。
Your speech is very encouraging.
The story he told us was very interesting.
作表语的现在分词，多由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing等，这类现在分词有“令人……的”含义，常修饰物。
The book is moving/boring.
I was moved/bored.
The purpose of the meeting is to elect a new captain.
V-ed作表语常修饰人，意为“感到……的”。
注意： 动词不定式, 过去分词和现在分词形式作表语的区别
动词不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作
V-ing作表语常修饰物，意为“令人……的”
2．动名词(短语)作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容，可与主语互换位置。
动词-ing形式作表语
My hobby is __________(grow) flowers.
=
growing
Growing flowers is my hobby.
-ing形式作表语
现在分词
用于说明主语的性质、特征等
动名词
主表互换 。
用于说明主语的 。
相当于一个形容词，意为“令人......的”
表示 性、 性的动作
具体内容
抽象
习惯
意义不变
Practice
The argument is _________ (convince).
One of his bad habits is _________(smoke) while having dinner.
The movie we saw last night was so _________(move) that I was ________ (move) to tears.
Her hobby is _________(collect) postcards and stamps.
smoking
moving
moved
collecting
convincing
1. Complete the sentences using the -ing form and state their functions.
1. Bill's job is _________ sign language.
2. The theme of his presentation is _____________ barriers between groups.
3. By _________, we mean “bending our head or body forward as a sign of respect or shame”.
teaching
amuse, teach, break down, call on, bow, get through, assess
breaking down
bowing
4. ______________ three kilometers of heavy traffic took me almost 25 minutes.
5. We intended to visit the theme park but ended up ___________ Professor Zhang.
Getting through
calling on
object
predicative
predicative
subject
object
2. Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases in
the box. (P41)
Reading body language is not an easy task. It can be ____________ because interpreting the signs that another person shows requires __________________________. In this sense, it can be compared to a doctor ___________________________.
______________________________ is also key to reading people's body language accurately. For example, when _________, some people avoid eye contact. By contrast, others may _________ eye contact even longer than usual.
challenging
lie, challenge, consider individual differences, maintain, consider the whole picture, evaluate a patient's condition
evaluating a patient's condition
considering the whole picture
lying
maintain
Considering individual differences
Thank You

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