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(共53张PPT)
专题三　完形填空
冲刺集训十七　把控词汇
集训1　牢记实词
A
　　I’ve always been terrified of heights. The thought of being up high made my heart 　1　 and my hands sweat. But one summer， my friends and I decided to try rock climbing， and I chose to face my 　2　.
　　We arrived at the climbing gym， and the 　3　 walls above us seemed like a huge challenge. When my friends eagerly put on their climbing belts and started practicing on the lower routes， I 　4　. I watched them with a mix of admiration and 　5　. I could feel a wave of self-doubt wash over me. When it was my 　6　， I finally took a deep breath and tied my belt.
　　The first few feet were manageable， but as I climbed higher， my fear 　7　. My hands shook， and I grasped the holds 　8　. “You’re doing great！” my friends 　91　 from below， but I could barely hear them for the thundering of my own heart. I looked down and immediately 　10　 it， as the ground seemed so far away.
　　I 　11　， trying to steady my breathing. I knew I had two choices： give up or keep going. I chose the latter. Slowly， I 　12　 upward. The higher I climbed， the more my confidence grew. When I finally reached the top， I couldn’t 　13　 the smile on my face and felt a sense of 　14　.
　　That day， I learned that sometimes， the hardest part of overcoming a fear is taking the first 　15　.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇记叙文。作者一直恐高，一次和朋友去攀岩，面对攀 岩馆高耸的墙壁内心充满恐惧和犹豫，但在朋友鼓励下，作者没有放弃，最终到达顶 端，体会到了成就感，也明白了克服恐惧最困难的部分是迈出第一步。
1. A. break B. fly C. sing D. race
答案：D
解析：根据上文的“I’ve always been terrified of heights.”可知，作者一直恐高，因 此，想到要在高处作者的心脏就会（因为紧张）快速跳动。race“（因兴奋或害怕） 急速跳动，快速转动”符合语境。故选D。
2. A. danger B. fear C. duty D. future
答案：B
解析：根据上文的“I’ve always been terrified of heights.”和下文的“We arrived at the climbing gym”可知，作者一直恐高，但是选择面对自己的恐惧 （fear），和朋友去攀岩。下文的“as I climbed higher， my fear” “overcoming a fear”也是提示。故选B。
3. A. dividing B. bearing
C. towering D. enclosing
答案：C
解析：根据下文的“walls above us seemed like a huge challenge”和“I looked down
and immediately it， as the ground seemed so far away.”可知，攀爬的墙壁很
高。dividing“分隔的，起划分作用的”；bearing“承受重量的”；towering“高耸
的，屹立的”；enclosing“封闭的，围住的”。故选C。
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4. A. complained B. hesitated C. agreed D. failed
答案：B
解析：根据上文的“When my friends eagerly put on their climbing belts and started practicing on the lower routes”和下文的“I could feel a wave of self-doubt wash over me.”可知，朋友们急切地系上攀爬带，开始攀爬，结合作者恐高的情况可推断作者 是犹豫的（hesitated）。complain“抱怨，不满，发牢骚”；agree“同意”；fail“失 败”。故选B。
5. A. anxiety B. sympathy C. gratitude D. desire
答案：A
解析：根据下文的“I could feel a wave of self-doubt wash over me.”可知，作者此时是 既羡慕朋友又有些焦虑（anxiety）。sympathy“同情”；gratitude“感激”； desire“渴望”。故选A。
6. A. choice B. favorite C. turn D. way
答案：C
解析：根据下文的“I finally took a deep breath and tied my belt.”可知，轮到（turn） 作者时，作者深吸了一口气并系上攀爬带。choice“选择”；favorite“最喜欢的人或 物”；way“方式，方法”。故选C。
7. A. faded away B. moved on
C. fell back D. built up
答案：D
解析：根据上文的“The first few feet were manageable， but as I climbed higher”和下 文的“My hands shook”可知，开始攀爬的前几英尺还能应付，但是随着爬得更高， 作者的恐惧加剧了，手都开始颤抖。fade away“逐渐消失”；move on“进展，前 进”；fall back“减少”；build up“逐渐增强”。故选D。
8. A. tightly B. lightly C. calmly D. skillfully
答案：A
9. A. stressed B. cheered C. joked D. responded
答案：B
解析：根据上文的“You’re doing great！”可知，朋友们在鼓励作者，所以应该是在 下面为作者加油（cheered）。stress“强调”；joke“开玩笑”；respond“回应”。 故选B。
解析：根据上文的“my fear 　7　. My hands shook， and I grasped the holds”可知，
作者的恐惧加剧且手在颤抖，所以应该是紧紧地（tightly）抓住支撑点。lightly“轻
轻地”；calmly“平静地”；skillfully“熟练地”。故选A。
10. A. regretted B. discovered
C. enjoyed D. made
答案：A
解析：根据上文的“I looked down”以及下文的“as the ground seemed so far away” 可知，作者往下看，看到地面那么远，结合作者恐高，所以应该是立刻后悔 （regretted）往下看了。故选A。
11. A. cried B. waved C. froze D. accepted
答案：C
解析：根据下文的“trying to steady my breathing”可知，作者看到地面那么远，顿时 吓呆（froze）了。cry“哭泣”；wave“挥手”；accept“接受”。故选C。
12. A. edged B. jumped C. landed D. rolled
答案：A
解析：根据上文的“I knew I had two choices： give up or keep going. I chose the latter.”和下文的“The higher I climbed”可知，作者没有放弃，而是选择 继续往上爬。edge“徐徐移动，渐渐移动”；jump“跳”；land“着陆”； roll“翻滚”。故选A。
13. A. put B. contain C. force D. feel
答案：B
解析：根据上文的“When I finally reached the top”可知，作者最终到达了顶端，此 时内心是喜悦和有成就感的，所以脸上的笑容是抑制（contain）不住的。故选B。
14. A. responsibility B. direction
C. balance D. achievement
答案：D
解析：根据上文的“When I finally reached the top”可知，作者最终到达了顶端，内 心充满成就感。responsibility“责任”；direction“方向”；balance“平衡”； achievement“成就”。故选D。
15. A. sight B. impression C. step D. chance
答案：C
解析：上文提到作者克服恐高去攀岩，开始时感到害怕，但最终迈出第一步并成功到 达顶端，由此可知，作者明白了克服恐惧最困难的部分是迈出第一步（step）。 sight“景象”；impression“印象”；chance“机会”。故选C。
B
　　When my dad planned out a trip to the La Mina Falls in the El Yunque National Rainforest， I was not really into it. And I went along 　1　.
　　I’ve never been fond of cold water. If the 　2　 isn’t to my liking， I’m not going to 　3　 myself from the pool’s edge like a missile（导弹）. I’m the type of person who 　4　 their time easing into the water， lowering myself step-by-step， and 　5　 my body to get used to the icy depths.
　　My complicated relationship with water is 　6　 my dad， who I don’t think has ever looked 　7　 he dived. I wasn’t raised on the river like he was. Shortly after I was born， we 　8　 to central Florida， far away from the rapids of my father’s youth.
　　When we finally made it to the La Mina Falls， I was worn out. My dad was already knee-deep in the water and 　9　 fast， while I was resting on a rock. He paused， looking over at me and 　10　 perhaps for the first time， that I had 　11　 him into the forest. He waved his hand at me， and I 　12　 my shoes. I knew if I touched the water with my toe in the first place， I wouldn’t get in. So， I jumped into the 　13　 water， not completely without hesitation， where a 　14　 combination of accomplishment and regret washed over me.
　　When I broke the surface， I 　15　 my dad staring at me. “Your grandfather brought me here once when I was kid.” His voice faded away into the water.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇记叙文。作者不喜欢冷水，而父亲则是个热爱水上活 动的人。在La Mina瀑布，作者在父亲的示意下跳入水中，克服了对冷水的不喜欢。 这次经历不仅让作者对父亲的童年有了更深的理解，也增进了他们之间的亲情。
1. A. anxiously B. hesitantly
C. curiously D. enthusiastically
答案：B
解析：根据上文中的“I was not really into it.”可知，作者对这次旅行并不感兴趣，因 此是不情愿地（hesitantly）去了。anxiously“焦虑地，渴望地”；curiously“好奇 地”；enthusiastically“热情地”。
2. A. time B. coach C. sport D. temperature
答案：D
解析：根据上文中的“cold water”和下文中的“icy depths”可知，作者不喜欢冷 水，因此这里指的是水的温度（temperature）。time“时间”；coach“教练”； sport“运动”。
3. A. keep B. launch C. excuse D. rescue
答案：B
解析：根据下文中的“easing into the water”可知，如果水温不合作者的意，作者就 不会像导弹一样猛扑（launch）进水中。launch表示“猛扑向前”，是一词多义用 法。keep“保持”；excuse“准许……离开”；rescue“营救”。
4. A. measures B. saves C. takes D. kills
答案：C
解析：根据下文中的“lowering myself step-by-step”可知，作者会花费（takes）时间 来适应水温。measure“衡量”；save“节省”；kill“消磨”。
5. A. allowing B. controlling
C. examining D. risking
答案：A
解析：根据上文内容和下文中的“get used to the icy depths”可知，作者通过让自己一 点点下沉使自己的身体逐渐适应冰冷的水。allow“使……有可能”；control“控 制”；examine“检查”；risk“冒险”。
6. A. in opposition to B. in response to
C. at the mercy of D. on behalf of
答案：A
解析：根据上文内容和下文中的“I wasn’t raised on the river like he was.” “the rapids of my father’s youth”可知，作者与水的复杂关系和父亲与水的关系相反（in opposition to），因为父亲是一个热爱水上活动的人。in response to“作为对……的回 应”；at the mercy of“受……支配”；on behalf of“代表”。
7. A. once B. before C. because D. if
答案：B
解析：根据上文可知，作者和父亲对水的态度截然相反，因此此处表示作者认为父亲 从未在跳水之前（before）有过犹豫。once“一旦”；because“因为”；if“如 果”。
8. A. escaped B. journeyed
C. relocated D. returned
答案：C
解析：根据下文中的“to central Florida， far away from... youth”可知，作者出生后不 久，全家就搬迁（relocated）到了佛罗里达中部。escape“逃离”；journey“旅 行”；return“返回”。
9. A. floating B. withdrawing
C. breathing D. sinking
答案：D
解析：父亲已经站在齐膝深的水中，并且正在快速下沉（sinking），而作者还在岸上 休息。float“漂浮”；withdraw“撤回”；breathe“呼吸”。
10. A. realizing B. regretting
C. admitting D. agreeing
答案：A
解析：看到作者还不下水，父亲就停下来看着作者，或许父亲这时才意识到 （realizing）作者陪他一起来到了这片森林。regret“后悔”；admit“承认”； agree“同意”。
11. A. challenged B. forced
C. accompanied D. guided
答案：C
解析：根据上文可知，作者不喜欢冷水，而父亲很喜欢，由此可知，作者是陪伴 （accompanied）父亲来到这片森林（的瀑布）的。challenge“挑战”；force“强 迫”；guide“引导”。
12. A. stared at B. reached for
C. kicked off D. dusted down
答案：C
13. A. flooding B. appealing
C. flowing D. freezing
答案：D
解析：根据上文的“cold”“icy”可知，作者跳入了冰冷的（freezing）水中。 flooding“洪水泛滥”；appealing“有吸引力的”；flowing“流动的”。
解析：根据下文中的“I jumped into the water”可知，作者脱掉（kicked off）
鞋子，准备下水。stare at“盯着”；reach for “伸手去拿”；dust down“掸去灰
尘”。
　13　
14. A. confusing B. regular C. similar D. simple
答案：A
解析：根据下文感彩相反的accomplishment和regret可知，作者跳入水中后，感到 一种成就感和后悔交织在一起的模糊不清的（confusing）情感。regular“规律的”； similar“相似的”；simple“简单的”。
15. A. left B. pictured C. stopped D. caught
答案：D
解析：根据上下文可知，当浮出水面时，作者注意到（caught）父亲正在看着自己。 leave“离开”；picture“想象”；stop“停止”。
集训2　研判难词
A
　　When Mysha decided to improve her fitness in late 2019， taking up running was a
no-brainer. She lives in a beautiful town on Scotland’s east coast， so she found 　1　 wasn’t so bad， with breathtaking scenery.
　　Yet even though Mysha quickly fell in love with running， something started to 　211　 her—the beaches and paths she ran along were covered in litter. 　3　， she was always doing a little litter-picking， but when she saw an American runner online talking about plogging， a new 　4　 emerging among runners， she was excited to try it out for herself. Plogging 　5　 in Sweden， and the word comes from the Swedish word “ploka”， meaning “to 　6　 while jogging”. Mysha started following a（n） 　711　 online called Environmental Fitness and began to take a shopping bag with her on runs and fill it with 　8　.
　　It wasn’t long before she uncovered some of the upsetting 　9　 of littering. She started to find 　10　 chemicals contained in batteries leaking into the environment and small animals 　11　 in plastic bottles struggling to chew their way out. These discoveries made Mysha even more 　12　 about litter picking. She joined a local litter-picking group and was soon asked to 　13　 leadership of the group. Despite the big volumes of litter being dropped， Mysha and her fellow litter-pickers 　14　 to get out and plog.
　　“The thought of keeping other people’s spirits up and seeing their 　15　 spread to more people keeps me going. Together， we can achieve amazing things！” Mysha says.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Mysha在跑步过程中发现了一些 环境问题，受到启发后开始“plogging”（边跑边捡垃圾）。她还加入当地组织并承 担领导职责，激励自己持续行动。
1. A. jogging B. skating C. cycling D. hiking
答案：A
解析：根据文章首句“When Mysha decided to improve her fitness in late 2019， taking up running was a no-brainer.”可知，她选择的运动是慢跑（jogging）。下文的 “running”“ran”“runner”也是提示。skating“滑冰”；cycling“骑自行车”； hiking“徒步旅行”。故选A。
2. A. puzzle B. excite C. bother D. amuse
答案：C
解析：根据下文的“the beaches and paths she ran along were covered in litter”可知，她 跑步时路过的海滩和小路上到处都是垃圾，这一问题开始困扰（bother）她。 puzzle“使困惑”；excite“使兴奋”；amuse“使开心，逗笑”。故选C。
3. A. Proudly B. Actually C. Secretly D. Luckily
答案：B
解析：根据下文的“she was always doing a little litter-picking”可知，实际上 （Actually）她一直在做一些捡垃圾的事。proudly“骄傲地”；secretly“秘密地”； luckily“幸运地”。故选B。
4. A. trend B. skill C. lesson D. trick
答案：A
5. A. existed B. renewed
C. advanced D. originated
答案：D
解析：根据下文的“the word comes from the Swedish wold ‘ploka’”可知，plogging 起源于（originated）瑞典。exist“存在”；renew“重新开始”；advance“前进，发 展”。故选D。
解析：根据下文的“Plogging... comes from the Swedish word ‘ploka’， meaning
‘to while jogging’.”可知，plogging是在跑步者中兴起的一种新潮流
（trend）。skill“技能”；lesson“课程，教训”；trick“诡计，窍门儿”。故选A。
　6　
6. A. relax B. pick C. think D. recycle
答案：B
解析：根据下文的“take a shopping bag with her on runs and fill it with 　8　”“litter picking”和“litter-pickers”可知，plogging意为“在慢跑时捡（pick）垃圾”。 relax“放松”；think“思考”；recycle“回收利用”。故选B。
7. A. order B. rule C. initiative D. tradition
答案：C
解析：根据语境可知，Environmental Fitness是一个线上倡议活动 （initiative）。故选C。
8. A. food B. clothes C. tools D. waste
答案：D
解析：根据下文的“litter picking” “litter-pickers”可知，她带着购物袋跑步是为了 装垃圾（waste）。故选D。
9. A. truths B. processes
C. instances D. consequences
答案：D
解析：根据下文的“chemicals contained in batteries leaking into the environment... chew their way out”可知，电池中含有的化学物质泄漏到环境中，小动物被困在塑料瓶 中，这些都是乱扔垃圾带来的后果（consequences）。truth“真相”；process“过 程”；instance“实例”。故选D。
10. A. rare B. poisonous C. organic D. unstable
答案：B
解析：根据下文的“chemicals contained in batteries leaking into the environment”可 知，电池中的化学物质通常是有毒的（poisonous）。rare“稀有的”；organic“有机 的”；unstable“不稳定的”。故选B。
11. A. raised B. trapped C. placed D. buried
答案：B
解析：根据下文的“struggling to chew their way out”可知，小动物们是被困在 （trapped）塑料瓶中无法出去。raise“举起，养育”；place“放置”；bury“埋 葬”。故选B。
12. A. curious B. worried
C. passionate D. confused
答案：C
解析：根据下文的“She joined a local litter-picking group... to get out and plog.”可知， 这些发现让她对捡垃圾更有热情（passionate）。curious“好奇的”；worried“担心 的”；confused“困惑的”。故选C。
13. A. take over B. insist on
C. turn down D. rise to
答案：A
解析：根据“She joined a local litter-picking group and was soon asked to 　13　
leadership of the group.”可知，她被邀请接管小组领导权。take over“接替，接任，
接手”；insist on“坚决要求”；turn down“拒绝”；rise to“晋升到”。故选A。
14. A. ceased B. hesitated
C. attempted D. continued
答案：D
解析：根据“Despite the big volumes of litter being dropped... to get out and plog.”可 知，尽管垃圾量很大，他们还是继续（continued）出去边跑步边捡垃圾。cease“停 止”；hesitate“犹豫”；attempt“尝试”。故选D。
15. A. actions B. dreams C. hobbies D. memories
答案：A
解析：根据上文提到的Mysha和同伴们的行为可知，他们的行为（actions）能感染更 多人。故选A。
B
　　Four-year-old Alan， who suffered from a serious disease， had one dream—to be a garbage truck driver. He was on the weekly lookout for trucks， and he even 　1　 himself as a garbage man at the kindergarten costume show.
　　On July 10， Alan went one step further when a charity and his local waste management crew made him an honorary 　2　 for three days. He had the opportunity to participate in the 　3　 of the city beauticians.
　　At dawn， Alan started the road trip with the crew members. “Alan was a little 　4　 when he first started， for early mornings were tough for him，” said one of the waste management drivers. 　5　， that small reality check was not enough to reduce Alan’s 　6　. After getting used to his early hours， he got to clock in with a special timecard and 　7　 learn what it takes to be a garbage man. Alan got to 　8　 every part of being a garbage truck man.
　　His day ended with a special 　9　 as he got to ride alongside another driver. A crowd of community members gathered to 　10　 Alan for what he had done. It was a truly 　11　 day for him.
　　The amazing experience was all thanks to the local charity organization， and Alan wasn’t the only person who got to 　12　 the day. “We are so happy the support from all the kind-hearted individuals always 　13　 with him，” Alan’s mom commented. “We are so happy he finally 　14　 his dream. The kindness of others has truly made a 　1511　 in Alan’s life，” she added with a grateful smile.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了四岁的Alan患有严重的疾病，他 的梦想是成为一名垃圾车司机，一家当地的慈善组织帮他实现了愿望。
1. A. classified B. dressed
C. recognized D. treated
答案：B
解析：空前提到Alan的梦想是成为一名垃圾车司机，他每周都在留意卡车，再根据空 后的“himself as garbage man at the kindergarten costume show”可知，他甚至在幼儿园 服装秀上把自己装扮（dressed）成清洁工。classify“将……分类，划分，界定”； recognize“承认，意识到”；treat“对待，看待”。故选B。
2. A. captain B. pilot C. citizen D. collector
答案：D
解析：根据上文的“a garbage truck driver”和下文的“a garbage man”可知，一家慈 善组织及当地的垃圾管理团队使他成为三天的荣誉垃圾清运工（collector）。 captain“队长，组长”；pilot“飞行员，领航员”；citizen“市民”。故选D。
3. A. routine B. strategy C. ceremony D. program
答案：A
解析：根据下文的“Alan got to 　8　 every part of being a garbage truck man.”可知，
Alan体验了垃圾清运工的日常生活（routine）。strategy“策略”；ceremony“仪式，
典礼”；program“计划，方案，活动安排”。故选A。
4. A. confident B. proud C. resistant D. tired
答案：D
解析：根据上文的“At dawn， Alan started the road trip with the crew members.”和下 文的“for early mornings were tough for him”可知，由于早上起得早，他刚开始的时 候感到有点困倦（tired）。confident“自信的”；proud“骄傲的”；resistant“抵制 的”。故选D。
5. A. Besides B. However
C. Therefore D. Otherwise
答案：B
解析：上文提到Alan早上起得早，开始时会感到困倦，下文提到这个小小的现实检验 并不足以降低Alan的热情，前后句存在语意上的转折关系，空处应为表示转折的副 词。besides“而且，除此之外”；however“然而”；therefore“因此，所以”； otherwise“否则，不然”。故选B。
6. A. pressure B. enthusiasm
C. burden D. responsibility
答案：B
解析：上文提到Alan梦想成为一名垃圾车司机，甚至在幼儿园服装秀上把自己装扮成 清洁工，由此可知，他对这个工作充满热情。早起的困倦也无法减少他的热情 （enthusiasm）。pressure“压力”；burden“重担，负担”；responsibility“责任”。 故选B。
7. A. regularly B. immediately
C. gradually D. patiently
答案：C
解析：根据空前的“After getting used to his early hours， he got to clock in with a special timecard”可知，在习惯了早起之后，他开始用一张特殊的考勤卡打卡，逐渐 （gradually）学会了如何成为一名清洁工。regularly“定期地，有规律地”； immediately“立即，马上”；patiently“有耐心地”。故选C。
8. A. experience B. control C. adjust D. promote
答案：A
解析：根据上文的“learn what it takes to be a garbage man”可知，他体验 （experience）了当垃圾车工人的每一个环节。control“控制”；adjust“调整，适 应”；promote“提升，促进”。故选A。
9. A. send-off B. check-in
C. warm-up D. show-off
答案：A
解析：根据空前的“His day ended”和空后的“A crowd of community members... for what he had done.”可知，Alan的一天结束了，一群人来给他送行。send-off“送行， 送别”；check-in“签到”；warm-up“准备活动，热身练习”；show-off“爱炫耀的 人”。 故选A。
10. A. blame B. forgive C. thank D. punish
答案：C
解析：根据空后的“for what he had done”可知，一群社区成员聚集在一起，感谢 （thank） Alan所做的一切。blame“责备”；forgive“原谅，宽恕”；punish“惩 罚”。故选C。
11. A. relaxing B. incredible
C. challenging D. regretful
答案：B
解析：根据上文可知，在慈善机构的帮助下，Alan体验了清洁工的工作，实现了他的 梦想，因此这一天对他来说是极好的（incredible）。下文的“The amazing experience”也是提示。relaxing“令人放松的”；challenging“富于挑战性的”； regretful“令人惋惜的，遗憾的”。故选B。
12. A. miss B. transform C. survive D. enjoy
答案：D
解析：根据上文的“The amazing experience”可知，Alan这一天过得非常开心 （enjoy）。miss“想念，错过”；transform“使改观，使转化”；survive“生存，存 活，继续存在”。故选D。
13. A. stick B. agree C. compete D. negotiate
答案：A
解析：根据语境可知，这些热心的人帮助Alan实现了梦想，他们的支持将被铭记于 心。stick with“被铭记于心”。agree“同意，赞同”；compete“竞争”； negotiate“谈判，协商”。故选A。
14. A. set aside B. worked out
C. lived out D. went after
答案：C
解析：根据上文可知，Alan的梦想是成为一名垃圾车司机，在热心人的帮助下，他终 于实现了梦想。live out“实现某事（指已计划或想做的事）”；set aside“暂时不考 虑（或放一放）”；work out “找……的答案，解决”；go after“追逐，追求”。故 选C。
15. A. deal B. point C. choice D. difference
答案：D
解析：根据上文可知，别人的善意改变了Alan的生活。make a difference是固定搭配， 意为“有影响”。deal“交易”；point“观点，要点”；choice“选择”。故选D。(共36张PPT)
专题三　完形填空
第三讲　防范失分
　　高考对“熟词生义”的考查主要放在学生十分熟悉的课标词汇上。学生可能对某 些词汇的常见词义较为熟悉，而想不到这些词汇不常用的词义，即“生义”。命题人 有时会对这些词义进行考查。“熟词生义”的意外失分屡见不鲜。
失分1　　　想不到的“熟词生义”
【典例1】　（2025 全国Ⅰ卷节选）We had decided on key items for the apartment we were moving to in town， donated what we could， and rented a place to store our supposedly important objects.
　　Each exchange provided a chance to 　51　 the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have 52（encountered）.
51. A. remove B. spare C. find D. check
［自主解答］
　　根据上文语境以及下文the landfill可推知，此处指作者用免费赠送旧物来代 替丢掉旧物垃圾填埋，此处spare引申为“免去”，表示免得去垃圾填埋场丢东 西。故选B。
【演练】
1. （2024 新课标Ⅱ卷）After I made Italy my permanent home， I discovered how warm- hearted Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. It’s these small 　　　　 of kindness that make a new country feel like home.
A. tricks B. promises
C. acts D. duties
答案：C
解析：根据前文对于意大利人热心的形容可知，空前举的例子（意大利人分享食物、 提醒作者关窗）均为善意的举动、行为。act的常用词性为动词，意为“行动”，此 处考查的是act作名词的用法，意为“行为”。故选C。
2. （2024 全国甲卷）Born just before WWⅡ， my grandmother experienced an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a chance to go to school. Like in typical families， where boys were 　　　　 much more than girls， my grandma had to stay at home to do housework.
A. favored B. tolerated
C. trusted D. acknowledged
答案：A
解析：结合上下文可知，在当年的时代背景下，男孩更受偏爱。favor的常用词 性为名词，意为“偏好”，此处考查的是favor作动词的用法，意为“偏爱，偏 袒”。故选A。
　　高考对“一词多义”的考查主要侧重于具有三个或三个以上词义的词汇。学生可 能熟悉这些词的多个词义，但在语篇的具体语境中常常混淆这些词义。所以，要确定 一个词的确切词义，就必须具体分析语境，弄清楚它在语境中的含义。
失分2　　　易混淆的“一词多义”
【典例2】　（2024 新课标Ⅱ卷节选）When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago， I didn’t think too long. I liked traveling in France， but when it came to picking my favorite spot to 　41　， Italy was the clear winner.
41. A. study B. rent C. visit D. settle
［自主解答］
　　由上文可知，作者想要在欧洲买房。由此可推知，作者尽管喜欢在法国旅游，但 如果挑选长住的地方，意大利更胜一筹。settle既可表示“解决”，又可表示“定居， 安顿”，属于“一词多义”。故选D。
【演练】
（2022 浙江1月卷）“I’m trying to get more and more people to understand that there are solutions（解决办法），” said Ms. Burdeyney， a trained nurse who is still working as a personal trainer after retirement. “I say there is no old age， there’s only neglect（忽 视）. Don’t stand still， do something about it.”
　　Ms. Burdeyney 　　　　 that she was hoping to do more for the research project. “I just want to bring light into people’s eyes and this is just the beginning. There is still a long way to go.”
A. commented B. learned
C. reminded D. added
答案：D
解析：根据上文“said Ms. Burdeyney”和下文“I just want to bring light into people’s eyes... to go.”可知，上下文都是Burdeyney女士说的话。故可推知，空处表示“补充 说；继续说”。add有“加；添加；增添；补充说；继续说”等含义，属于“一词多 义”。故选D。
　失分3　　　不熟悉的“难词僻义”
　　高考中的“难词僻义”多见于动词、名词、形容词或副词。这些较难词汇大都是 课标内易被忽视的单词。它们的拼写和词义较为复杂难记，在语篇中的考查数量相对 较少。一旦涉及，学生往往见难生畏、望而却步。
【典例3】　（2024 新课标Ⅱ卷节选）As a foodie， the way to my heart is through my stomach， and nowhere fuels my 　49　 quite like Italy. Each town has its own traditional 50（dish）， and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another.
49. A. ambition B. success C. appetite D. growth
［自主解答］
　　根据上文可知，作者喜欢意大利的原因在于意大利的美食能够满足作者的胃口。 appetite意为“食欲，胃口”，是生僻词。故选C。
【演练】
1. （2023 新课标Ⅱ卷）In April last year， I saw a post on the PNP （Pilots N Paws） website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight budget. They could not afford to pay for transportation for their dog， Tiffy， and 　　　　 wanted to take her with them.
A. desperately B. temporarily
C. secretly D. originally
答案：A
解析：根据上文“I saw a post on the PNP （Pilots N Paws） website from a family in Topeka... transportation”可知，他们预算紧张，不能支付狗的运输费用，于是在网上 发帖子求助。由此可推知，他们极度想带上狗。desperately“极度地”； temporarily“暂时地”；secretly“秘密地”；originally“原来；起初”。desperately 属于“难词僻义”。故选A。
2. （2022 全国乙卷）For a long time， this ineffective hiding method was interpreted as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric（自我中心的）” creatures. But our surprising research results in child developmental psychology 　　　　 that idea.
A. explained B. confirmed
C. contradicted D. tested
答案：C
解析：根据上文“长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是一种完全的‘自我 中心的’生物的证据”和空处所在句中的But一词可知，本句意为“我们在儿童发展 心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾”。contradict意为“与……矛 盾”，属于“难词僻义”。故选C。
　　高考对“构词知识”的考查主要是一些常见词缀（un-， in-， im-， dis-， re-， -ly， -less， -ness， -ful等）的意义、词类转化（动词用作名词，名词用 作动词或形容词）和合成词等构词法知识。学生可利用构词法知识在语篇中猜测出这 些词的词义。
失分4　　　没记牢的“构词知识”
【典例4】　（2024 全国甲卷节选）The only opportunity（机会） she could seize to
47（study） was when her brother was having Chinese 48（lessons） with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table， listening 　49　.
49. A. closely B. directly C. nervously D. freely
［自主解答］
　　根据前文描述奶奶无法去学校上学可知，奶奶唯一的学习机会是旁听哥哥的中文 课，她每次都会认真听。closely由“close＋－ly”派生而来，意为“仔细地，严密 地”，符合语境。故选A。
【演练】
（2022 浙江1月卷）The research team included Canadian doctor Allan Slomovic， who has done 　　　　 work on eye care using stem cells. Seeing a ray of hope， Ms. Burdeyney began raising money for the project with a friend， Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman.
A. part-time B. controversial
C. voluntary D. ground-breaking
答案：D
解析：根据下文“Seeing a ray of hope， Ms. Burdeyney began raising money for the project”可知，这个研究团队利用干细胞开展的眼部保健工作取得了很好的成效。合 成词ground-breaking的意思是“开创性的”，符合语境，即“ground（土地）＋ breaking（打破）＝开创性的”。故选D。
　　一些学生在解答完形填空题时，只顾匆忙选词，很少甚至不去从整体上思考文章 的故事发展脉络、相关话题的词汇、故事的小语义场和故事所反映的价值观等。这样 容易导致在考查语篇意识的题目上失分。
　失分5　　　未思考的“语篇意识”
【典例5】　（2025 全国Ⅱ卷）She’d been struggling with eating disorders and health issues， which 43（ultimately） led her to getting surgery. After that experience， she knew that she needed to make a 　44　. Determined to turn her life around， Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a 45（healthy） lifestyle， before discovering a
46（passion） for weightlifting.
44. A. change B. fortune C. wish D. deal
［自主解答］
　　根据上文“led her to getting surgery”及下文“turn her life around”可推知，此处 指她经历过手术后领悟到了自己需要改变。故选A。
【演练】
（2023 全国甲卷）Many years ago， I bought a house in the Garfagnana， where we still go every summer. The first time we 　　　　 there， we heard the chug chug-chug of a motor-bike making its way down the hill toward us. It was neighbor called Mario， coming to bring us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine. It was a very nice gesture for him to make.
A. waited B. met
C. camped D. stayed
答案：D
解析：根据前文“Many years ago， I bought a house in the Garfagnana， where we still go every summer.”以及后文“It was neighbor called Mario，coming to bring us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，作者在当地买了房子，所以是第 一次住在那里，邻居马里奥给我们带来了一个盒子，里面装着一些西红柿和一瓶酒。 故选D。
　　（2025 广州惠州调研考试）As a teenager growing up in Great Britain， Lola Anderson was inspired by the rowing events at the 2012 London Olympics.
　　Moved by the athletes’ strength and determination， she decided to 　1　 the sport herself. In her diary， she expressed her dream of winning an Olympic gold medal in rowing. But embarrassed by her 　2　 dream， Lola tore out the diary page. “I threw that away because I didn’t believe，” Lola 　3　. “I was 14 then， so why would I believe？ Young girls struggle to see themselves as strong， athletic individuals， but that’s 　4　 now.” Despite her initial 　5　， Lola pursued rowing with her father’s support.
　　In 2019， as Don Anderson 　6　 cancer， he presented Lola with a 　7　. He held out his hand and 　8　 the page she had torn from her diary years earlier. Don had found it in the trash（垃圾桶） and kept it， 　9　 she would need it one day. Don 　1011　 months later， but his faith in his daughter’s dream remained.
　　His predictive gesture 　11　 on Wednesday when Lola competed in her first Olympic Games as part of the women’s quadruple sculls（四人双桨） rowing team. Her team 　12　 the gold medal by a mere 0.15 seconds. After the race， Lola reflected on her father’s firm support.
　　“It’s a piece of paper， but it’s the most valuable thing I have，” she said， “maybe jointly with the 　13　 now.”
　　Lola Anderson’s 　14　 from a self-doubting teenager to an Olympic champion serves as 　15　 of the power of dreams and the lasting impact of a father’s love.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述了Lola Anderson受到奥运赛艇项目 的激励，开始追逐运动梦想并最终实现梦想的过程。
1. A. take up B. look into
C. live upon D. fight for
答案：A
解析：上文提到Lola受到了赛艇项目的激励，并且被运动员的毅力和决心感动了，结 合下文中提到的她在父亲的支持下开始划艇运动可以推测，她决定开始从事（take up）这项运动，故选A。look into“调查”；live upon“靠……生活”；fight for“为……而奋斗”。
2. A. greedy B. achievable C. shallow D. wild
答案：D
解析：下文提到Lola撕掉了那页日记，因为她不相信自己的梦想，所以可以推测，她 觉得自己的梦想是不切实际的（wild），故选D。greedy“贪婪的”；achievable“可 以完成的，可达到的”；shallow“肤浅的”。
3. A. imagined B. regretted C. added D. recalled
答案：D
解析：根据下文中的“I was 14 then... but that’s 　4　 now.”可知，空后Lola提到了当
时的情况，所以推断这里是Lola在回忆（recalled）撕掉那页日记这件事，故选D。
imagine“想象”；regret“后悔”；add“补充说”。
4. A. changing B. strengthening
C. worsening D. speeding
答案：A
解析：上文中Lola提到年轻女孩们很难将自己看作强壮的运动型个体，再根据空前的 but可知，这里与上文内容之间存在转折关系，即现在这种情况正在发生改变 （changing），故选A。strengthen“增强”，worsen“恶化”；speed“加快”。
5. A. resolution B. doubt C. confidence D. worry
答案：B
解析：根据Despite以及上文提到的Lola撕掉那页写了自己梦想的日记并且不相信自己 的梦想可知，她起初对自己的梦想是怀疑（doubt）、不确定的，尽管如此，她还是 在父亲的支持下开始了划艇运动，故选B。resolution“决心”；confidence“信心”； worry“担忧”。
6. A. studied B. battled C. defeated D. prevented
答案：B
解析：根据下文中的“but his faith in his daughter’s dream remained（但是他对女儿梦 想的信心留下来了）”并结合常识可以推测，Lola的父亲当时正在与癌症抗争 （battled），故选B。defeat“打败”；prevent“阻止，防止”。
7. A. wish B. blow C. promise D. surprise
答案：D
解析：根据下文中的“the page she had torn from her diary”和“Don had found it in the trash（垃圾桶） and kept it”可知，父亲在垃圾桶里发现了那页日记并保存了下来， 所以应该是给了Lola一个惊喜（surprise），故选D。wish“愿望”；blow“打击”； promise“承诺”。
8. A. threw B. revealed C. folded D. released
答案：B
解析：根据下文可知，父亲在垃圾桶里发现了那页日记，这里是说他向Lola展示了 （revealed）它，故选B。throw“扔”；fold“折叠”；release“放开，松开”。
9. A. advocating B. proving
C. feeling D. wondering
答案：C
解析：根据上文可知，父亲发现并保存了Lola撕掉的那页日记，说明他认为 （feeling）女儿有朝一日可能会需要它，故选C。advocate“提倡”；prove“证 明”；wonder“感到疑惑”。
10. A. passed away B. died off
C. set off D. went away
答案：A
解析：根据上文中的cancer和空后的“but his faith... remained”可推测，Lola的父亲几 个月后去世了（passed away），但他仍然对自己女儿的梦想有信心，故选A。die off“相继死去”；set off“出发”；go away“离开”。
11. A. happened B. mattered
C. arrived D. worked
答案：D
解析：根据上文中的“but his faith... remained”和下文中的“the gold medal”，以及 最后一段中的“from a self-doubting teenager to an Olympic champion”可知，Lola获得 了奥运金牌。所以可推测，这里是说，父亲预言性的表示发挥了作用（worked），故 选D。happen“发生”；matter“重要”；arrive“到达”。
12. A. bagged B. forgot C. lost D. recovered
答案：A
解析：根据最后一段中的“from a self-doubting teenager to an Olympic champion”可 知，她的队伍仅仅以0.15秒的优势获得了金牌，故选A。此处是bag的一词多义用法。 bag“获得”；forget“忘记”；lose“失去”，recover“重新获得，赢回”。
13. A. support B. team C. medal D. rowing
答案：C
解析：Lola提到那页日记虽然只是一张纸，却是她拥有的最宝贵的东西，再根据上下 文可知，Lola获得了奥运金牌，所以这里是说，现在可能除了那页日记，还有刚赢得 的奖牌（medal）一起都是她最宝贵的东西，故选C。support“支持”；team“团 队”；rowing“赛艇”。
14. A. journey B. range
C. departure D. achievement
答案：A
解析：文章主要以一页被撕掉的日记为线索，介绍了Lola从自我怀疑的少女到奥运冠 军的转变，故journey“旅行，历程”符合语境，故选A。range“范围”； departure“出发”，achievement“成就”。
15. A. advice B. belief C. memory D. proof
答案：D
解析：这里是说Lola Anderson从自我怀疑的少女到奥运冠军的转变过程，证明了梦想 的力量和父爱的持久影响，故选D。advice“建议”；belief“信念”；memory“记 忆”；proof“证明”。(共66张PPT)
专题三　完形填空
第一讲　把控词汇
复习要求：完形填空主要考查学生在阅读理解的基础上运用词汇和语法的能力。在一 篇230词左右的短文中设空15处，要求学生从每题所给的四个选项中选出正确选项， 使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
　　新课程标准要求学生能在语境中理解具体词语的功能、内涵和外延以及使用者的 意图和态度；能理解语篇中特定语言的使用意图以及语言在反映情感态度和价值观方 面所起的作用。
卷别 年份 短文
词数 体裁 主题语境 名词 动词 形容 词 副 词 词组
或短语
全国Ⅰ 卷 2025 237 记叙 文 人与社会：搬家清理收 获人际温暖 7 5 2 0 1（动）
新课
标Ⅰ卷 2024 234 记叙 文 人与自我：运动兴趣和 运动经历 5 7 1 1 1（动）
2023 227 记叙 文 人与社会：越野赛跑中 救助受伤对手 8 4 2 0 1（动）
全国 Ⅱ卷 2025 217 记叙 文 人与自我：六旬奶奶的 自我突破 8 4 1 1 1（名）
新课
标Ⅱ 卷 2024 231 记叙 文 人与社会：定居意大利 以及意大利的风土人情 5 8 1 0 1（动）
2023 221 记叙 文 人与社会：帮助别人用 飞机运输宠物狗 3 5 4 1 2（动）
命题解读：1.设题规律。短文首句交代故事背景，一般不设空。选项主要是实词，以 动词、名词为主，其次是形容词、副词，虚词基本没有。四个选项语法形式一致，但 意义相差甚远。正确选项个数分布均等或基本均等。
2. 选材特点。材料主要来源于英文报刊或国外网站。主题语境包括“人与自我”“人 与社会”和“人与自然”，选材原汁原味，语言地道，充满正能量，倡导至真至善至 美的价值观，在具体语境中考查英语核心素养。短文长度200多词（200—240），常 考记叙文。
任务一　牢记实词
　　动词是情景描写和信息传递的主要词类，也是近几年高考完形填空的重点考查对 象。通常来说，不管是记叙文中事件的发生、发展、结局，还是议论文或说明文中事 理的论证和阐释，都会采用一系列连贯的符合时间、空间顺序或行文逻辑且与人物、 事物、背景搭配合理的动词来实现信息的传递。针对动词类题目应做到：
　　·养成良好的做题习惯。首先要通读全文，厘清行文脉络，然后在大脑中构建动 态画面，构成一个搭配合理、顺序正确的动作链。
　　·在确定选项时不能仅仅重视词义的理解而忽视了动词与其他要素的搭配。
考点1　　　动词
【典例1】（2025 全国Ⅰ卷节选）One August afternoon， I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn’t seen daylight since my wedding.
　　 My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy 41（emptying out） the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up. We had decided on key items for the 42（apartment） we were moving to in town， donated what we could， and rented a place to 　43　 our supposedly important objects. That left a house still 　44　 with things that， while not particularly 45（valuable）， didn’t belong in a landfill（垃圾填埋场）.
43. A. store B. display C. sell D. repair
［自主解答］
　　根据上文的“rented a place”和下文的“our supposedly important objects”以及常 识可知，作者一家正在清空卖掉的旧房子，要搬去新家，此处表示作者租了一个地 方，存放可能很重要的物品。store意为“贮存”，符合语境。故选A。
44. A. covered B. decorated
C. stuffed D. equipped
［自主解答］
　　根据上文的“We had decided on key items... rented a place to 　43　 our supposedly important objects.”和空前的still以及下文内容可知，作者已经保留了一些 最为重要的物品，捐赠了一部分物品，还有一些东西放在作者租的地方，由此可知， 此处表示房子里还有很多待处理的物品。be stuffed with意为“塞满，填满”，符合语 境。故选C。
【演练】
1. （2025 八省联考卷）There， I would always see the same elderly lady 　　　　 the pigeons（鸽子）. The birds， usually around 10 to 15 in number， would gather around her before she even had a chance to take the bag of rice out from her handbag.
A. feeding B. pursuing
C. training D. collecting
答案：A
解析：根据下文中的“take the bag of rice out from her handbag”可知，这位老妇人是 在喂（feeding）鸽子。故选A。
2. （2024 九省联考卷）I was working my way through university then and had little money for maintaining the car. I sat alongside my car for several hours trying to beat the heat when an older gentleman stopped to fuel his car. He asked about my car， and I 　　　　 my predicament（困境）.
A. solved B. noticed
C. escaped D. explained
答案：D
解析：根据上文中的“He asked about my car”及空后的“my predicament（困境）” 可知，那位老先生询问作者的车怎么了，作者向他解释了（explained）她的困境。故 选D。
考点2　　　名词
　　名词是构成语境的核心要素，也是高考完形填空又一重要考点和难点。失分则是 由于没有厘清人、事、物等名词之间的逻辑关系，不知选用哪一个名词。
　　名词的常考类别有：场景概括类名词（conference， race， lecture等）、关系身 份类名词（professor， coach， competitor等）、行为类名词（delay， meet， display 等）和状态类名词（rest， absence， tiredness等）。课标生僻名词是需要重点掌握的 部分，这些词往往是失分点。在解题时，要厘清人、物之间的关系与事件发生的场 景，然后进行判断，最终选择符合上下文语境的名词。
【典例2】（2025 全国Ⅱ卷节选）Since setting out on the journey， the 47（fitness） lover has not only managed to 48（grow） an impressive set of muscles—but also a huge following on social media.
　　...
　　Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out， but she has proved the 　54　 wrong in the best possible way and has indeed become an 　55　 for many social media users.
54. A. instructors B. admirers
C. beginners D. doubters
［自主解答］
　　根据上文的“Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out”可 知，过去多诺霍因为年纪大健身常被嘲笑，此处表示她用行动证明这些怀疑她的人错 了。doubter意为“怀疑者”，符合语境。故选D。
55. A. authority B. excuse
C. inspiration D. option
［自主解答］
　　根据上文的“the 47（fitness） lover has not only managed to 48（grow） an impressive set of muscles—but also a huge following on social media”可知，多诺霍在社 交媒体上赢得了很多人的关注，此处表示她激励了许多社交媒体用户。inspiration意 为“鼓舞人心的人（或事物）”，符合语境。故选C。
【演练】
1. （2025 八省联考卷）It was the same each day， part of her 　　　　. I found that watching her perform this ordinary task with such enthusiasm was both calming and beautiful.
　　On this particular evening， the lady arrived at her usual spot to feed the birds. But， as she approached the bench（长凳） to sit down， her necklace（项链） fell to the ground.
A. job B. project
C. routine D. dream
答案：C
解析：根据上文中的“It was the same each day”可知，老妇人每天都会到这个地方喂 鸽子，这成了她日常生活（routine）的一部分。故选C。
2. （2024 九省联考卷）To my surprise， the gentleman told me that he had a daughter my age， and then he opened his trunk and pulled out a tool set.Right then and there， this total 　　　　 examined my engine， explaining as he worked that my spark plugs（火花 塞） hadn’t been changed for so long that they were unable to function.
A. liar B. beginner
C. stranger D. loser
答案：C
解析：根据上文可知，作者和这位老先生素不相识，stranger意为“陌生人”，符合 语境。故选C。
考点3　　　形容词/副词
　　形容词一般用来描述作者的心理感受、事物的特征、渲染环境氛围等，而副词一 般用来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子等。要快速选出与上下文感彩一致的形容词 /副词，需要通过揣摩程度的深浅、人物的感受、事物的特征等来定形容词，关注文 章字里行间表现出来的感情基调，通过揣摩动词表达的情感、句子间的逻辑关系来定 副词。想要迅速准确地判断出作者想要表达的感彩，就要加强对重点形容词、副 词的积累。解答此类题目需把重点放在：
　　·认真体会语境，从已给的动词、名词、形容词或副词中把握作者的感情变化。
　　·结合一些常见的连接词，如but， and， however， even等推测作者情感的 变化走向。
【典例3】（2025 全国Ⅰ卷节选）I took a picture of the vase... In an instant， a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase.
　　 　49　， I posted more. My daily posts and the 50（visits） I received became a precious ray of light in the chaos of my house. Each exchange provided a chance to
51（spare） the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have
52（encountered）.
49. A. Confused B. Interested
C. Disappointed D. Encouraged
［自主解答］
　　根据上文的“In an instant... with the vase.”和下文的“I posted more”可知，成 功送出花瓶后，作者受到鼓励，继续在网上发布更多关于待处理物品的帖子。 encouraged意为“受到鼓舞的”，符合语境。故选D。
【演练】
1. （2025 八省联考卷）I couldn’t believe my eyes. The old lady， also 　　　　， began laughing quietly to herself. I was left with a huge smile on my face and happily went back to watching the sunset.
A. satisfied B. surprised
C. annoyed D. frightened
答案：B
解析：根据空前的also可知，老妇人对于鸽子的行为也感到很意外和惊讶 （surprised）。故选B。
2. （2024 九省联考卷）I was halfway across Indiana headed home to Kentucky when my car broke down. My phone was 　　　　， too. I managed to get to a gas station， but it was Sunday in the early fall， and there was no mechanic on duty.
A. busy B. loud
C. dead D. secure
答案：C
解析：根据上文中的“my car broke down”及空后的too可知，此处应该是手机也没电 （dead）了。故选C。
任务二　研判难词
考点1　　　新词
　　1. 派生词——拆词解意法
　　新课标要求高中生了解词汇的词根、词缀，掌握词性变化规律，并用于理解和表 达有关主题的信息和观点。近几年高考完形填空中出现越来越多由构词法而来的新 词，这给学生准确理解语境造成一定的障碍。近几年高考完形填空选项中涉及的此类 词汇举例如下：
　　（1）新课标Ⅰ卷：regularly定期地；achievement成就；appealing有吸引力的； competitor竞争者；discouraged灰心丧气的；tiredness疲倦
　　（2）新课标Ⅱ卷：growth成长；disadvantage劣势；coworker同事；unexpected出 乎意料的；unavoidable无法避免的；uneventful平静无事的
　　以上单词由课标词加词缀派生而来，学生要掌握一定的构词法知识，学会通过构 词法巧推词义。
【典例1】（2025 浙江1月卷节选）The platform has enabled Ribeiro to realise her dream with a great deal of freedom， as 50（opposed） to a restaurant where the service is 　51　， the menu is known in advance， and the meal is expected to be no
52（surprise）.
　　“But it’s also a great 53（challenge）， for it can sometimes take days to
54（organise） a single event，” Ribeiro said. “This platform is not only 55（reserved） for professional cooks， but also for those willing to discover new experiences.”
51. A. invaluable B. impersonal
C. unsuitable D. unprofessional
［自主解答］
　　此处是将一般的餐厅与里贝罗举办的宴会进行对比。前文强调宴会的自由 度，再根据空后的“the menu is known in advance”并结合常识可知，相较于 里贝罗的宴会注重人际互动以及自由度，传统餐厅的服务通常标准化、流程 化，这使其显得缺乏人情味。
　　拆词解意法：in－，im－，un－是近年高考中常见的否定前缀，本题4个选项拆 解如下：invaluable（＝in－无＋value价值＋－able可……的→）宝贵的；impersonal （＝im－无＋person个人＋－al……的→）没有人情味的；unsuitable （＝un－不＋ suit适合＋－able可……的→）不适合的；unprofessional（＝un－不＋profession职业＋ －al……的→）不专业的。故选B项。
【演练】
（2024 九省联考卷）After about an hour， he pronounced that my car was safe to finish the trip. 　　　　 came at the hands of a stranger. Soiling his clothes， working on a hot September afternoon， this man save a college student from disaster， just because she could have been his daughter.
A. Tiredness B. Kindness
C. Loneliness D. Carefulness
答案：B
解析：根据上文内容可知，一位素昧平生的陌生人帮作者把车修好了，这是来自这位 陌生人的善意（Kindness）。故选B。
　　2.同根词——寻根问底法
　　寻根问底法通过分析单词的词根、前缀、后缀等构词成分，结合已知词汇推断生 词含义。
　　（1）拆解构词成分
　　前缀（如in－表否定）、词根（如oper＝操作）、后缀（如－able表“可…… 的”）组合成新词。
　　例：inoperable（不能手术的）＝in－（否定）＋oper（操作）＋－able（可…… 的）。
　　（2）联想已知同根词
　　通过已学词汇推导同根词义。如已知informal（非正式的），可推断informality （非正式性）。
　　（3）验证上下文逻辑
　　结合句子或段落主题确认词义是否合理。
　　总结：同词根猜词法需系统掌握构词规则，并通过习题反复训练。
【典例2】To get a thorough understanding of oneself is to gain a correct view of oneself and be a realist—aware of both one’s 3（strengths） and weaknesses. You may 4（look forward） hopefully to the future but be sure not to 　5　 too much， for ideals can never be fully realized.
5. A. expect B. analyze C. inspect D. dream
［自主解答］
　　由前面的“4（look forward） hopefully to the future”及后面的“for ideals can never be fully realized”可知，该句讲的是对未来的期待，故此处表示“你可以满怀希 望地憧憬未来，但一定不要期望太多”。
　　寻根问底法：本题A项和C项中都含有词根“spect”，spect常表示“看”，expect （ex－向外＋（s）pect看→向外看→）期望，inspect（in－向内＋spect看→向里看 →）检查。故选A项。
　　3.合成词——顾名思义法
　　合成词是通过将两个或多个独立单词组合形成新词，其含义通常为各组成部分意 义的综合。
　　常见合成词类型有：
　　形容词合成：如three-legged（三条腿的）、color-blind（色盲的）。
　　名词合成：如handyman（手艺人）、herdsman（牧人）。
　　动词合成：如upload（上传）由up和load组合。
　　总结：合成词猜词法需在积累大量词根、词缀的基础上，掌握词性组合规律，辅 以习题反复训练。
【典例3】（2023 全国乙卷节选）To become the Olympic champion in the individual （个人） all-around event， Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 41（knew） best. She had to 42（pack up） her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say 43（goodbye） to her two dogs and to the beach， where she loved to 44（ride） waves on her board. But it was 45（time） to take the leap（飞跃）， however 　46　 it would be. Even at 14， Douglas knew that.
46. A. breathtaking B. heartbreaking
C. eye-catching D. head-spinning
［自主解答］
　　本题考查“名词＋现在分词”构成的合成形容词。根据前文描述可知，Gabby不 得不离开自己熟悉的一切，包括自己的房间和陪伴自己的两条狗，这是令人伤心的。 breathtaking令人赞叹的；heartbreaking令人心碎的；eye-catching抓人眼球的；head- spinning头晕目眩的。故选B项。
【演练】
（2024 浙江1月卷）Perhaps most remarkable， however， was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor... But this highly informed， 　　　　， and admirable person prevented me doing so.
A. well-behaved B. multi-skilled
C. warm-hearted D. self-educated
答案：D
解析：根据上文中的“this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor” 可知，这位年轻人通过自学（self-educated）获得了广泛的知识。故选D。
考点2　　　多义词
　　1. 词类转化得新意
　　在高考完形填空试题中，词类活用现象非常多见，尤其是动词、名词和形容词的 活用，一般而言，它们和常见的词性不同，但转换后的词义往往和原义密切相关，也 有部分单词转换后的词义和原义差别较大。
　　学生在做题时，针对此类词汇活用，首先可以从其充当的句子成分入手，准确判 断其词性，然后根据语境，确定其准确含义。
【典例4】（2024 新课标Ⅰ卷节选）I’ve 　54　 a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever 55（goals） I set for myself， they just have to be my own.
54. A. traveled B. matured C. missed D. worried
［自主解答］
　　通过作者的两次经历及下文中的“I’ve come to accept that...”可知，作者应该是 成熟了许多。选项在此为形容词活用作动词。故选B项。
【演练】
（2024 新课标Ⅱ卷）During my first visit to Italy， I struggled to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to 　　　　 a sentence of Italian together， the locals smiled at me and praised my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language barrier.
A. string B. hang
C. mix D. match
答案：A
解析：根据下文“a sentence of Italian together”可推知，此处指作者努力想用意大利 语串成一句话。此处是名词活用作动词，string意为“串起、连成一串”。故选A。
　　2.高频多义词
　　就完形填空对多义词语的考查来讲，频次最高的是动词（短语），其次为名词和 形容词，偶见其他词性，学生备考时应有所侧重。近几年高考完形填空涉及考查多义 词语的情况举例如下：
　　（1）新课标Ⅰ卷：display n.显示，表现
　　（2）新课标Ⅱ卷：desperately adv.极其，非常；offer v.主动提出；pick up接（人 或物）；work out进展顺利
　　备考时学生可以从词汇的熟义出发，进行语义的拓展和延伸，尤其要关注 多义词的生僻义，努力做到词不离句、句不离篇，提升在语境中解读词汇、把 握词义的能力。
【典例5】（2023 全国乙卷节选）The Chinese coach 52（transformed） Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the 53（world）， helping her skyrocket from an 　5411　 member of the national team to the top of the sport. By 55（winning） the Olympic
all-around title， she became the first black woman to do so.
　　…
　　“I’m going to inspire so many people，” she said. “I’m ready to 　60　.” And shine she did.
54. A. amateur B. elected
C. average D. enthusiastic
［自主解答］
　　根据“skyrocket from... to...”可知，空处语境与后文中的“the top of the sport”相对，故此处表示中国的教练帮助她从一个普通的国家队队员一跃成为这项运 动最优秀的运动员之一。average作形容词有“普通的，平常的”之意，符合语境。故 选C项。注意：第55空后的title在此处意为“冠军”。
　　【average熟义】adj.①平均的 ②正常的 ③平常的　n.①平均数 ②一般水准　v. ①平均为 ②计算出……的平均数
60. A. shine B. fly C. dance D. score
［自主解答］
　　根据语境及空后的“And shine she did.”可知，此处是说，她准备好出类拔萃， 而且她确实做到了。shine作动词，常见义为“发光”，在此意为“出色，出类拔 萃”。故选A项。
　　【shine熟义】v.①发光，反光 ②把……照向，使……光投向 ③擦亮，擦光　n. 光亮，光泽
【演练】
（2023 浙江1月卷）I 　　　　 beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparations. He gathered handfuls of damp tree leaves， wrapped them with string， and lit the bunch to create a torch（火把）.
A. searched B. recognised
C. followed D. invited
答案：C
解析：根据语境和空后的“over a wide stretch of grassland”可知，作者应该是跟着 （followed）养蜂人穿过草原进入丛林。故选C。
任务三　重视短语
　　动词短语是英语词汇中常见且较灵活的部分，也是高考中的必考点。高考命题非 常重视在完形填空中考查动词及动词短语的基本义和引申义，因其含义多变，学生易 失分。因此，在做题时，学生要结合上下文语境和选项中动词短语的含义来确定正确 答案。
　考点1　　　动词短语
【典例1】（2023 新课标Ⅱ卷节选）It just 44（happened） that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot， Karen， who 45（offered） to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to 　46　 Tiffy.
　　When I met Tiffy’s owners， they seemed very 47（nervous）. George， the husband， was trying to be calm， but I could tell this was 48（hard） for him， having to leave his dog to a 49（stranger） and trust that everything would 　50　.
46. A. see off B. look for C. hand over D. pick up
［自主解答］
　　从下文中的“When I met Tiffy’s owners”及“having to leave his dog to a 49 （stranger）”可以推断出，作者飞往托皮卡的目的是“接走”小狗Tiffy。see off 为……送行；look for寻找；hand over移交；pick up接，取。故选D项。
50. A. speed up B. work out
C. come back D. take off
［自主解答］
　　分析语境可知，不得不将小狗交给陌生人并且相信一切都会好起来，这对他来说 非常艰难。speed up加速；work out成功地发展； come back回来；take off迅速流行。 故选B项。
【演练】
1. （2023 浙江1月卷）Finally， Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch， he inched towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. Suddenly， Ziyad let out a sharp cry. Within seconds， he’d 　　　　 the trunk and was back on the ground.
A. cut off B. gone up
C. slid down D. held onto
答案：C
解析：根据下文中的“was back on the ground”可知，养蜂人顺着树干滑了下来（slid down），回到地面。故选C。
2. （2025 八省联考卷）I was sitting on the grass nearby waiting for the sun to set. Noticing that， I 　　　　 to get it back for her. However， before I reached it， one of the pigeons from the group picked up the necklace， flew to the bench， and dropped it on her lap.
A. slipped in B. ran away
C. got up D. turned around
答案：C
解析：根据空处上一句“I was sitting on the grass”和空后的“to get it back for her”可 知，作者站起来（got up）是想去帮老妇人捡起掉落的项链。故选C。
　　1. 介词和名词、形容词、副词等构成的短语搭配灵活，意义多样，为高考命题 提供了广阔的空间，也是学生最易失分的考点之一。学生在平时学习时，要掌握介词 的主要用法，注意整理、积累常用介词短语，根据语境灵活选用。同时遇到介词与不 同动词、名词、形容词等搭配构成的短语时，不能看字面含义，要注意搭配时的固定 含义。
　　2. 形容词短语和副词短语在近几年完形填空中考查不多，但属于备考的难点。 学生在备考时要注意总结梳理常见短语在意义上的差别。
考点2　　　其他短语
【典例2】（2025 浙江1月卷节选）“It’s a great opportunity to share my passion for food and to 47（meet） new people，” said Ribeiro. Sometimes she prepares traditional Brazilian dishes 　48　 her native home； other times she 49（pairs） dinner courses with her favorite beers.
48. A. in addition to B. in return for
C. in honor of D. in line with
［自主解答］
　　根据空前的“traditional Brazilian dishes”和空后的“her native home”并结合选 项可推知，她有时做传统巴西菜肴是为了纪念自己的家乡。in honor of意为“为了纪 念”，符合语境。故选C项。
【演练】
（2023 全国甲卷）It’s good to eat things at the correct time， when they’re 　　　　， and as close as possible to where they were grown.What Mario had given us was the taste of the Garfagnana.
A. on view B. on sale
C. in season D. in need
答案：C
解析：由上下文可知，食物应该在适当的时节食用，也就是吃当季的食物，这样味道 和口感更好，in season意为“当季”，符合语境。故选C。
　　（2025 湖北高三起点考试）When I moved to a new school， my grades began to slip， and a once outgoing personality faded into the background.
　　One day， after I handed in yet another 　1　 done assignment， Mr Thompson， the math teacher asked me to stay after class. In the afternoon the class was 　2　， leaving just the two of us in the classroom.
　　“Alex， is everything alright？” Mr Thompson asked， his voice filled with 　3　.
　　When I 　4　 my troubles， Mr Thompson listened with patience， nodding 　5　. He then shared a story about his own 　6　 when he was younger—moving frequently due to his father’s military career.
　　“That must have been 　7　，” I said， feeling a connection for the first time in weeks. Mr Thompson 　8　， “It was. But I learned that seeking help and finding supportive people made a 　9　. How about we work on a plan to get you back on track？”
　　With that， Mr Thompson became a lifeline for me. He set up weekly meetings to 　10　 what I had learned and discuss strategies to improve my academic performance. He also 　11　 me to join the school’s debate team， knowing it would be a good way for me to meet new friends and 　12　 confidence.
　　As months passed， I made rapid progress. The 　13　 with Mr Thompson grew stronger. At that moment， the realization 　14　 me： even in the darkest times， the 　15　 of others could light the way.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇记叙文。作者来到新学校，成绩下滑，性格转变。 Thompson先生不仅在学习上给予作者关心和帮助，还鼓励作者参加学校辩论队，最 终作者成绩提高、重获信心，这让作者意识到即使在最黑暗的时刻，他人的善举也会 照亮前方的路。
1. A. neatly B. poorly C. properly D. briefly
答案：B
解析：根据上文的“my grades began to slip”和下文的“Mr Thompson， the math teacher asked me to stay after class”可知，作者成绩下滑，在一次交了一份写得很差 （poorly）的作业后，Thompson先生要求作者课后留下来。故选B。neatly“整洁 地”；properly“适当地”；briefly“简要地”。
2. A. dismissed B. organized
C. informed D. grouped
答案：A
解析：根据上文的“the math teacher asked me to stay after class”和下文的“leaving just the two of us in the classroom”可知，下午放学后，教室里仅剩下作者和Thompson 先生两个人。故选A（dismiss“解散”）。organize“组织，筹备”；inform“知会， 通知”；group“（使）成群，成组，聚集”。
3. A. surprise B. certainty C. concern D. relief
答案：C
解析：根据上文的“Alex， is everything alright？”和下文描述的Thompson先生对作 者的善意帮助可知，Thompson先生应是表达对作者的关心（concern）。故选C。 surprise“惊奇”；certainty“确信，确实”；relief“宽慰”。
4. A. suffered from B. asked for
C. dealt with D. poured out
答案：D
解析：根据下文的“Mr Thompson listened with patience”可知，当作者倾诉（poured out）烦恼时，Thompson先生耐心地听着。故选D。suffer from“遭受”；ask for“要 求”；deal with“处理”。
5. A. gratefully B. thoughtfully
C. casually D. hopefully
答案：B
解析：此处表示Thompson先生耐心地听作者倾诉，还若有所思地（thoughtfully）点 点头。故选B。gratefully“感激地”；casually“不经意地”；hopefully“有希望 地”。
6. A. struggles B. failures C. choices D. dreams
答案：A
解析：根据下文的“when he was younger-moving frequently due to his father’s military career”和第五段中的“seeking help”可知，此处Thompson先生给作者讲他年幼时经 常搬家遇到的困难（struggles）。故选A。failure“失败”；choice“选择”； dream“梦想”。
7. A. rare B. strange C. tough D. unique
答案：C
解析：根据下文的“feeling a connection”可知，作者对Thompson先生幼年的遭遇感 同身受，确信那是一段艰难的（tough）时光。故选C。rare“罕见的”；strange“奇 怪的”；unique“独特的”。
8. A. choked B. signed C. nodded D. stared
答案：C
解析：根据下文Thompson先生的回答“It was.”可知，Thompson先生应是点头 （nodded）表示认同。故选C。choke“哽咽着说”；sign“示意，打手势”； stare“凝视，注视”。
9. A. difference B. promise C. decision D. point
答案：A
解析：根据下文的“How about we work on a plan to get you back on track？”可知， Thompson先生认为寻求帮助和找到支持自己的人会有作用。make a difference“有影 响，起作用”。故选A。promise“许诺，承诺”；decision“抉择”；point“观点， 见解”。
10. A. quote B. review C. prove D. exchange
答案：B
解析：上文提到作者成绩下滑，根据下文的“what I had learned and discuss strategies to improve my academic performance”可知，Thompson先生每周与作者见面，帮作者 复习（review）学过的内容，讨论提高学习成绩的策略。故选B。quote“引用，引 述”；prove“证明，证实”；exchange“交流”。
11. A. ordered B. appointed
C. encouraged D. elected
答案：C
解析：根据下文的“knowing it would be a good way for me to meet new friends
and 　12　 confidence”可知，Thompson先生还鼓励（encouraged）作者加入学校的
辩论队。故选C。order“命令，要求”；appoint“指定”；elect“选举，推选”。
12. A. affect B. convey C. maintain D. regain
答案：D
解析：第一段讲作者来到新学校，成绩下滑，曾经外向的个性也已不在，由此可推 知，作者对自己失去信心。再根据上文的“join the school’s debate team， knowing it would be a good way for me to meet new friends”可知，Thompson先生知道，对作者来 说，加入学校辩论队是结交新朋友和重获（regain）信心的一个好方法。故选D。 affect“影响”；convey“表达，传递”；maintain“保持”。
13. A. bond B. similarity
C. competition D. cooperation
答案：A
解析：上文讲Thompson先生每周都帮助作者学习，并给予作者鼓励。故此处表示几 个月过去了，作者取得巨大进步，与Thompson先生的关系（bond）也越来越亲密 了。故选A。similarity“相似处”；competition“比赛，竞争”；cooperation“合作， 协作”。
14. A. escaped B. hit C. upset D. shocked
答案：B
解析：根据下文的“even in the darkest times，the 　15　 of others could light the way”
可知，此处描述的是作者的认识。hit在此作动词，意为“使突然想起”，属于一词多
义的用法。realization hits sb.“某人认识到”。故选B。escape“摆脱”；upset“使烦
恼”；shock“使震惊”。
15. A. confidence B. wisdom
C. patience D. kindness
答案：D
解析：文章描述了Thompson先生在学习上给予作者关心和帮助，并鼓励作者参加学 校辩论队，重获信心。这些都是Thompson先生的善举（kindness），照亮了作者前进 的道路。故选D。confidence“信心”；wisdom“智慧”；patience“耐心”。(共88张PPT)
专题三　完形填空
冲刺集训十八　破解题型
集训1　学会巧解句内层次题
A
　　It’s quite common that when a stranger is kind to us while traveling. It’s obvious that the favor cannot be returned. Soon， we will be physically 　1　 and lost to each other forever. It’s an 　2　 with no past and likely no future.
　　Yet， there are 　3　. I still remember a family trip to a scenic spot in Georgia. Several ladies were taking pictures there， one of whom was 　4　 with a bunch of flowers. I truly liked them， and went up to her， saying how lovely they were. Immediately， she 　5　 to give me the flowers to take a picture with. I smiled 　6　 as my mom took out her camera. Yet this stranger’s kindness didn’t end there： The woman insisted that I 　7　 the flowers—she saw that they 　8　 my happiness.
　　People usually receive flowers from loved ones， and it’s so 　9　 to receive them from a stranger！ The flowers gradually withered（枯萎） away， but the 　10　 will stay with me forever. This small gift became a powerful 　11　 of the goodness that people can 　12　 to others.
　　I 　13　 a lot of people on that trip， but I still remember this experience， which shows that a 　14　 action can go a long way. The flowers made my day， and every time I think back to it， the world seems a bit 　15　.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇记叙文。作者在旅行的时候收到了一位陌生人送的 花，感到非常开心，这一经历永存在作者的记忆中，时刻提醒着作者世间的美好。
1. A. restless B. active C. helpless D. distant
答案：D
解析：根据上文的“a stranger is kind to us while traveling. It’s obvious that the favor cannot be returned”可知，在旅行中收到的陌生人的善意是无法回报的；再结合空后 的“lost to each other forever”和常识可知，旅途结束后，人们的距离会变远 （distant），从此永远失去联系。restless“坐立不安的，不耐烦的”；active“忙碌 的”；helpless“无助的”。故选D。
2. A. encounter B. assumption
C. achievement D. inspiration
答案：A
解析：本句中的It指的是traveling，而旅行正是来自不同地区的人们相遇（encounter） 的经历。assumption“假定，假设”；achievement“成就”；inspiration“启发灵感的 人（或事物），使人产生动机的人（或事物）”。故选A。
3. A. alternatives B. doubts
C. exceptions D. rules
答案：C
解析：根据本句中的Yet可知，空处与上文是转折关系，上文讲“It’s quite common”，因此空处讲的是不常见的情况，也就是例外（exceptions）。故选C。
4. A. running B. posing
C. painting D. performing
答案：B
解析：根据上文的“Several ladies were taking pictures there”可知，一群女士在拍 照；再结合空后的“with a bunch of flowers”和常识可知，此处指的是有一位女士拍 照的时候捧着花摆姿势（posing）。故选B。
5. A. resolved B. hesitated C. offered D. agreed
答案：C
解析：根据下文的“receive them from a stranger”可知，作者收到了一位陌生人送的 花。由此可以推断，那位女士主动提出（offered）把花给作者，让作者拿着花拍照。 resolve“决心，决定”；hesitate“（对某事）犹豫，迟疑不决”；agree“同意”。故 选C。
6. A. joyfully B. awkwardly
C. nervously D. secretly
答案：A
解析：上文讲那位女士主动提出把花给作者，再结合本句的“I smiled”可知，作者 因那位女士的举动而开心地（joyfully）笑了。故选A。
7. A. purchase B. keep C. throw D. deliver
答案：B
解析：结合下文的“This small gift”可知，那位女士不仅提出让作者拿着花拍照，还 让作者留下（keep）这些花。purchase“买，购买，采购”；throw“扔掉”； deliver“递送，传送，交付”。故选B。
8. A. took away B. put out
C. contributed to D. stood for
答案：C
解析：根据上文的“I smiled”和下文的“The flowers made my day”可知，作者因收 到花而开心，因此此处指的是那位女士看到花带给了作者快乐。contribute to“促成， 造成”，符合语境。take away“夺走”；put out“熄灭，关掉”；stand for“代表 （某观点或态度）”。故选C。
9. A. stressful B. natural C. odd D. precious
答案：D
解析：根据上文的“People usually receive flowers from loved ones”可知，人们通常会 收到自己所爱的人送的鲜花，因此“receive them from a stranger”（收到陌生人的 花）会让人感觉很珍贵（precious）。stressful“压力重的，紧张的”；natural“自然 的”；odd“奇怪的，怪异的，反常的”。故选D。
10. A. lesson B. memory
C. wisdom D. friendship
答案：B
解析：根据下文的“I still remember this experience”可知，尽管花渐渐枯萎，但是记 忆（memory）长存。故选B。
11. A. shadow B. feature C. reminder D. purpose
答案：C
解析：上文讲这段记忆一直留在作者脑海中，因此这份小礼物可以时刻提醒作者那位 陌生女士的善良。reminder“引起回忆的事物，提醒人的事物”，符合语境。 shadow“阴影，影子”；feature“特色，特征，特点”；purpose“目的”。故选C。
12. A. award B. introduce C. lend D. show
答案：D
解析：根据上文的“she 　5　 to give me the flowers... The woman insisted that I 　7　
the flowers”可知，那位陌生女士向作者展示（show）了自己的善良。故选D。
13. A. passed B. supported C. missed D. changed
答案：A
解析：根据常识可知，旅行中会与很多人擦肩而过（passed）。故选A。
14. A. brave B. simple C. timely D. firm
答案：B
解析：根据上文讲述的故事和“This small gift”可知，送别人花是一个很简单的 （simple）举动。brave“勇敢的”；timely“及时的，适时的”；firm“坚定的，确定 的，坚决的”。故选B。
15. A. smaller B. richer C. safer D. brighter
答案：D
解析：根据上文的“The flowers made my day”可知，那些花使作者一整天都很开 心。因此，每当作者回想起这件事，都会觉得世界似乎变得更加明亮（brighter） 了。故选D。
B
　　How do we measure what makes a good conversation？ Is it by how many times we laugh？ Or is it 　1　 by how we feel afterwards—how deeply the words have 　2　 us？ There is one conversation I can 　3　 almost word for word in my head. These words have even 　4　 the course of my life.
　　In 2016， I walked into a small valley in Jordan. A young boy called Faisal saw me kicking a football with some kids and 　5　 me.
　　“I saw you playing football，” he told me. “You were very good.”
　　“Thanks，” I replied， “but you’re being too 　6　. I am not good at it.”
　　“Oh yes，” he said. “Your skills are 　7　. But it was good of you to play with the boys.”
　　He told me about his two jobs—one looking after sheep in the hills， and one looking after tourists. The sheep were easier， he said. Later， as he 　8　 how the world was， he told me the saying： “Give without remembering； take without 　9　.”
　　Faisal’s background was quite different from mine. And yet he held this 　1011　 philosophy， and the more I travel， the more I see that the world is 　11　 a good place. There is more that connects us than divides us—of that， I’m certain.
　　The fact that I will again have the 　12　 to be part of these remarkable conversations—each of which will be unique， and may even leave a 　13　 in my life—is still one of the most exciting 　14　 of travel for me. For that possibility， I’m forever 　15　.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者2016年在约旦旅行 时偶遇了一位放羊少年Faisal。Faisal赞美了作者的善良，并和作者分享了他的人生哲 学“施恩勿记，受恩勿忘”。这次经历也让作者更加坚信世界是美好的。
1. A. surrounded B. replaced
C. accompanied D. defined
答案：D
解析：根据上文中的“How do we measure what makes a good conversation？”可知， 作者在思考如何衡量好的对话，因此，此处在讲如何界定（defined）好的对话：是根 据我们笑了多少次，还是我们事后的感受如何等。故选D。
2. A. affected B. annoyed
C. concerned D. surprised
答案：A
3. A. polish B. replay C. interpret D. rewrite
答案：B
解析：根据下文内容可知，这是一次能让作者在脑海中几乎逐字逐句反复回想 （replay）的对话。polish“修改，润饰，润色”；interpret“诠释，说明”； rewrite“重写”。故选B。
解析：根据下文中的“I can 　3　 almost word for word in my head. These words have
even 　4　 the course of my life.”可知，作者此处想表达的是对话的好坏是由这些话
给我们带来多深的影响决定的。故选A。
4. A. restricted B. dominated
C. changed D. delayed
答案：C
解析：根据下文中的“the more I travel， the more I see that the world is 　11　 a good
place. There is more that connects us than divides us”可知，这次对话让作者对世界有
了更深刻的认识。由此可见，这些话甚至改变（changed）了作者的人生轨迹。
restrict“限制，限定（数量、范围等）”；dominate“支配，控制”；delay“延迟，
延期，推迟”。故选C。
5. A. approached B. challenged
C. assisted D. consulted
答案：A
解析：根据下文二人的对话可知，Faisal应是看到作者在和孩子们踢球，想和作者对 话，便向作者靠近（approached）。故选A。
6. A. humorous B. generous
C. anxious D. curious
答案：B
解析：根据上文中Faisal夸作者的句子“You were very good.”和空后作者自己说的“I am not good at it.”可知，作者误认为Faisal夸自己球踢得很好，而实际上，作者并不 擅长踢足球。据此可以推断，作者认为Faisal很宽厚（generous）。humorous“滑稽有 趣的，有幽默感的”；anxious“焦虑，忧虑，担心”；curious“求知欲强的，好奇 的”。故选B。
7. A. terrible B. unique C. practical D. diverse
答案：A
解析：结合上文作者的话“I am not good at it.”和Faisal对作者话的肯定“Oh yes”可 知，Faisal说：“你的技术很拙劣（terrible），但是你能和男孩子们一起踢球，这一 点很好。”unique“唯一的，独一无二的”；practical“实际的，真实的，客观存在 的，切实可行的”；diverse“不同的，相异的，多种多样的”。故选A。
8. A. complained about B. looked into
C. reflected on D. benefited from
答案：C
解析：上文中Faisal还在谈论自己的工作，而后，他告诉作者一句格言“Give without
remembering； take without 　9　.”。由此可见，Faisal谈完自己的工作之后开始思考
世界。complain about“抱怨”；look into “调查”；reflect on“仔细思考”；benefit
from“从……中受益”。故选C。
9. A. thinking B. noticing
C. announcing D. forgetting
答案：D
解析：根据语境可知，分号前后形成了对比，take对应Give，因此，空处应对应 remembering，故D项forgetting符合语境。该句话意为“施恩勿记，受恩勿 忘”。故选D。
10. A. complex B. adjustable
C. flexible D. admirable
答案：D
解析：根据下文中的“these remarkable conversations”可知，作者对Faisal的话评价极 高，因此此处表示作者认为Faisal秉持着值得赞赏的（admirable）哲学。complex“复 杂的，难懂的，费解的”；adjustable“可调整的，可调节的”；flexible“能适应新情 况的，灵活的，可变动的”。故选D。
11. A. rarely B. probably C. mostly D. merely
答案：C
解析：上文讲牧羊少年Faisal告诉作者了一句格言，下文讲“There is more that connects us than divides us—of that， I’m certain.”，由此可见，作者觉得世界通常 （mostly）是好的。rarely“罕有，很少，不常”；probably“可能”；merely“仅 仅，只不过”。故选C。
12. A. patience B. courage C. right D. chance
答案：D
解析：根据下文中的“For that possibility”可知，作者认为有机会（chance）能够进 行更多这样非凡的对话。patience“耐心，忍耐力”；courage“勇气，勇敢，无畏， 胆量”；right“权利”。故选D。
13. A. mark B. pity C. label D. warning
答案：A
解析：根据第4题的解析可知，这次对话甚至改变了作者的人生轨迹。由此可见，类 似的这种对话可能会在作者的生命中留下深刻的印记，leave a mark“留下深刻的印 记，留下深远的影响”。故选A。
14. A. breakthroughs B. prospects
C. adventures D. memories
答案：B
解析：根据上文中的同位语从句“that I will again have the 　12　 to be part of these
remarkable conversations”可知，作者希望能够再有机会进行非凡的对话，因此，这
仍是作者对旅行的最令人激动的展望之一。breakthrough“重大进展，突破”；
prospect“前景，展望，设想，可能性，希望”；adventure“冒险，冒险经历，奇
遇”；memory“回忆，记忆”。故选B。
15. A. qualified B. suitable
C. grateful D. responsible
答案：C
解析：根据上文内容可知，作者和Faisal的对话让作者对世界有了更深刻的认识，因 此，如果还有机会进行这样的对话，作者应该会心存感激（grateful）。qualified“具 备……的学历（或资历），符合资格”；suitable“合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用 的”；responsible“有责任，负责，承担义务”。故选C。
集训2　掌握巧解句组层次题
A
　　I remember opening my iPad one day in fifth grade， inspired by a lighthearted conversation with my cousin about scary stories. Hours later， I had 　1　 my first short story. Writing 　2　 became a beloved hobby， but as I grew older， the 　3　 began to fade. I started reading more books， encountering critiques online， and comparing my work to others. Self-doubt crept in， and what once felt like a creative outlet became a source of 　4　. I felt I had to be “good” at writing to share it.
　　This 　5　 happens often. Hobbies start as a form of 　6　， a way to relax ourselves. Yet， over time， societal pressures to 　7　 can change how we view them. Whether it’s painting， playing an instrument， or any other 　8　， there’s an expectation to perform at a high level. When we don’t meet that standard， the joy fades， replaced by feelings of inadequacy.
　　For me， writing has been the one hobby I’ve regularly returned to， 　9　 moments of self-doubt. I’ve taken creative writing classes and seen significant improvement， but the constant 　10　 for perfection turns writing from a 　11　 into a chore. I’ve come to realize that this mindset 　12　 me of the joy I once found in it.
　　We need to recognize that it’s 　13　 not to be great at something. Perfection is often 　14　， and more often than not， we are our toughest critics. The challenge， then， is finding the balance between enjoyment and 　15　. Embrace imperfection， and enjoy the process， even if you’re not “great” at it.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在五年级时完成了第一 篇短篇小说，写作迅速成为其钟爱的爱好。但随着年龄增长，作者产生了自我怀疑， 写作成为压力来源。最后作者意识到不必在某方面做到完美，应在乐趣和期望中找到 平衡，接受不完美并享受过程。
1. A. showed off B. pulled over
C. cut off D. wrapped up
答案：D
解析：根据前文的“Hours later”和选项可知，几小时后作者完成了自己的第一篇短 篇小说。wrap up“圆满完成（工作）”，符合语境。故选D。show off“炫耀”；pull over“靠边停车”；cut off“切掉”。
2. A. slowly B. openly C. quickly D. carefully
答案：C
解析：根据语境和选项可知，此处是说写作“迅速”成为作者钟爱的爱好。 quickly“迅速地，很快地”符合语境。故选C。
3. A. hope B. surprise C. curiosity D. excitement
答案：D
解析：根据前文和后文的“Self-doubt crept in”并结合常识可知，随着年龄增长，自 我怀疑出现，所以应是写作带来的“兴奋感”开始消退。excitement意为“兴奋，激 动”，符合语境。故选D。hope “希望”；surprise“惊讶”；curiosity“好奇心”。
4. A. relief B. truth C. inspiration D. stress
答案：D
解析：根据空前的“Self-doubt crept in”以及后文提到的对写作的一些负面感受可 知，写作从曾经的感觉像是创造性表达途径的东西变成了“压力”来源。stress“压 力”，符合语境。故选D。relief“宽慰”；truth“真相”；inspiration“灵感”。
5. A. shift B. accident C. blessing D. adjustment
答案：A
解析：上文描述了写作从爱好到压力来源的转变，此处是说这种转变经常发生， shift“改变”，符合语境。故选A。accident“事故”；blessing“祝福”； adjustment“调整”。
6. A. growth B. escape C. focus D. commitment
答案：B
解析：根据后文的“a way to relax ourselves”并结合常识可知，此处是说爱好一开始 是一种逃避（现实）、放松自己的方式。escape“逃避”，符合语境。故选B。 growth“成长”；focus“焦点”；commitment“承诺”。
7. A. live B. struggle C. excel D. contribute
答案：C
解析：根据后文的“there’s an expectation to perform at a high level”并结合常识可知， 社会压力要求在做一件事时表现出色、追求卓越。excel“擅长，突出”，符合语境。 故选C。live“生活”；struggle“斗争”；contribute“贡献”。
8. A. ideas B. pursuits C. distraction D. ambition
答案：B
解析：根据语境和常识可知，这里指无论是绘画、演奏乐器，还是其他任何“追 求”，人们都期望能做到较高的水平。pursuit“追求”，符合语境。故选B。idea“想 法”；distraction“分心的事物”；ambition“抱负”。
9. A. by means of B. with respect to
C. in spite of D. in search of
答案：C
解析：“尽管”有自我怀疑，作者还经常重拾写作。in spite of“尽管”，符合语境。 故选C。by means of“通过……方式”；with respect to“关于”；in search of“寻 找”。
10. A. drive B. doubt C. supply D. imagination
答案：A
解析：根据语境尤其是后文的“for perfection”可知，对完美持续的“强烈欲望”让 写作从酷爱变为苦差。drive“（人的）强烈欲望”，符合语境。故选A。doubt“怀 疑”；supply“供应”；imagination“想象”。
11. A. story B. passion
C. challenge D. possibility
答案：B
解析：写作一开始是作者热爱的事情，这里是说对完美的强烈欲望让写作从“酷爱” 变成苦差。passion“酷爱，热衷的爱好（或活动等）”，符合语境。故选B。 story“故事”；challenge“挑战”；possibility“可能性”。
12. A. robs B. reminds C. warns D. informs
答案：A
解析：这种追求完美的心态剥夺了作者曾经在写作中找到的快乐。rob sb. of sth.表示 “剥夺某人某物”，故选A。remind“提醒”；warn“警告”；inform“通知”。
13. A. sad B. okay C. intolerable D. awesome
答案：B
解析：根据后文的“Embrace imperfection， and enjoy the process， even if you’re not ‘great’ at it.”可知，我们需要意识到在某方面不优秀是可以的，没问题的。故选 B。sad“悲伤的”；intolerable“无法忍受的”；awesome“令人惊惧的”。
14. A. random B. temporary
C. subjective D. magical
答案：C
解析：完美往往是“主观的”，不同人对完美有不同标准。subjective“主观的”，符 合语境。故选C。random“随机的”；temporary“临时的”；magical“奇妙的”。
15. A. joy B. overwork
C. enthusiasm D. expectation
答案：D
解析：前文提到无论是绘画、演奏乐器，还是其他任何追求，人们都期望能做到较高 的水平；该段首句说我们需要意识到在某方面不优秀是可以的。所以此处是说挑战是 在乐趣和这种期望之间找到平衡。expectation“期望”，符合语境。故选D。joy“快 乐”；overwork“劳累过度”；enthusiasm“热情”。
B
　　（2025 广东深圳模拟）ChatGPT has been everywhere for the last few months. It raises 　1　 about their impact on everything happening in our society.
　　ChatGPT is a natural language processing tool 　2　 by AI technology that allows you to have human-like 　3　 and much more. The language model can answer questions and 　4　 you with tasks， such as composing emails， essays， and code.
　　The 　5　 to produce frequently accurate responses to a vast range of questions is why it became the fastest-growing app of all time， 　6　 100 million users in only two months. The fact that it can also 　7　 essays， articles， and poetry has only 　8　 its appeal. It is also equally 　9　 at coding and productivity tasks. For the former， its ability to 　10　 code from natural speech makes it a powerful partner for both new and 　11　 coders.
　　Despite looking very impressive， ChatGPT still has 　12　. Such restrictions include the inability to answer questions that are worded in a 　13　 way， as it requires rewording to understand the input question. A bigger limitation is a lack of quality in the 　14　 it delivers. Another major limitation is that its data is limited up to 2021. The chat robot does not have any 　15　 of events or news that have occurred since then. Lastly， ChatGPT does not provide sources for its responses.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了ChatGPT拥有强大的语言处理能 力，可以与我们展开对话，协助我们处理很多事务，但也有其局限性，在理解特定方 式的问题、回复质量和数据更新等方面存在问题。
1. A. requests B. concerns C. emotions D. doubts
答案：B
解析：句意：这引起了人们对它们会影响我们社会中发生的一切的担忧。根据下文 “their impact on everything happening in our society”和常识可推知，对于会影响我们 社会中发生的一切的事物，我们应该会有担忧。request请求；concern担忧；emotion 情绪；doubt怀疑。故选B。
2. A. driven B. followed
C. inspired D. entertained
答案：A
解析：句意：ChatGPT是一款由人工智能技术驱动的自然语言处理工具，允许你进行 类似人类的对话等。根据下文“by AI technology”和常识可推知，ChatGPT是由人工 智能技术驱动的自然语言处理工具。drive驱动；follow跟随；inspire启发；entertain使 有兴趣。故选A。
3. A. conflicts B. challenges
C. interests D. conversations
答案：D
解析：根据下文“The language model can answer questions”可知，ChatGPT可以回答 用户的问题，所以应该是允许用户进行类似人类的对话。conflict冲突；challenge挑 战；interest利益：conversation对话。故选D。
4. A. manage B. control C. assist D. accompany
答案：C
解析：句意：这个语言模型可以回答问题并帮助你完成任务，例如编写电子邮 件、论文和代码。根据上文“a natural language processing tool”和下文“such as composing emails， essays， and code”可推知，在这些任务上ChatGPT作 为自然语言处理工具，可以为我们提供协助。manage管理；control控制；assist 协助；accompany陪伴。故选C。
5. A. ability B. chance
C. responsibility D. purpose
答案：A
解析：句意：它能够经常针对各种各样的问题给出准确的回答，这就是为什么它成为 有史以来（使用量）增长最快的应用程序，在短短两个月内就达到了1亿用户。根据 下文“to produce frequently accurate responses to a vast range of questions”可推知，这 应该是ChatGPT具有的能力。ability能力；chance机会；responsibility责任；purpose目 的。故选A。
6. A. consulting B. reaching
C. introducing D. counting
答案：B
解析：根据上文“became the fastest-growing app of all time”可知，ChatGPT成为有史 以来（使用量）增长最快的应用程序，所以此处表示达到了1亿用户。consult咨询； reach达到；introduce介绍；count计数。故选B。
7. A. cause B. return C. exist D. generate
答案：D
解析：句意：它还可以生成散文、文章和诗歌的事实增加了它的吸引力。根据上文 “composing emails， essays， and code”可推知，ChatGPT可以生成散文、文章和诗 歌。cause引起；return返回；exist存在；generate生成。故选D。
8. A. added to B. connected to
C. devoted to D. owed to
答案：A
解析：根据下文“its appeal”可推知，这些能力会增加ChatGPT的吸引力。add to增 加；connect to连接；devote to致力于；owe to归因于。故选A。
9. A. determinebd B. equipped
C. talented D. alarmed
答案：C
解析：句意：它在写代码和生产力任务方面也同样表现出色。根据下文“makes it a powerful partner”可知，ChatGPT是强大的伙伴，所以应该是在写代码和生产力任务 方面表现出色。determined坚定的；equipped装备齐全的；talented有才能的；alarmed 惊恐的。故选C。
10. A. save B. create C. choose D. describe
答案：B
解析：句意：对于前者，它从自然语音中创建代码的能力使其成为新手和经验丰富的 程序员的强大合作伙伴。根据上文“coding”可知，ChatGPT会写代码，所以应该是 从自然语音中创建代码。save保存；create创建；choose选择；describe描述。故选B。
11. A. cautious B. untrained
C. familiar D. experienced
答案：D
解析：根据上文“both new and”可推知，应该是对新手和经验丰富的程序员来说， ChatGPT都是强大的合作伙伴。cautious谨慎的；untrained未经训练的；familiar熟悉 的；experienced有经验的。故选D。
12. A. limitations B. possibilities
C. requirements D. advantages
答案：A
解析：句意：尽管看起来非常令人赞叹，但ChatGPT仍然有局限性。根据下文“Such restrictions”可知，此处在讨论ChatGPT的局限性。limitation局限；possibility可能 性；requirement要求；advantage优势。故选A。
13. A. right B. suitable C. specific D. natural
答案：C
解析：句意：这些局限包括无法回答以特定方式措辞的问题，因为需要重新措辞它才 能理解输入的问题。根据下文“as it requires rewording to understand the input question”可知，ChatGPT需要重新措辞才能理解输入的问题，所以应该是不能回答 以特定方式措辞的问题。right正确的；suitable合适的；specific特定的；natural自然 的。故选C。
14. A. approaches B. responses
C. contribution D. sensitivity
答案：B
解析：句意：一个更大的局限是它提供的回复没有质量。根据上文“The language model can answer questions”及下文“ChatGPT dose not provide sources for its responses”可知，ChatGPT会对用户的问题做出回答，所以应该 是提供的回复没有质量。approach方法；response回答，答复；contribution贡 献；sensitivity敏感性。故选B。
15. A. notice B. question C. feeling D. awareness
答案：D
解析：句意：聊天机器人不了解此后发生的事件或新闻。根据上文“Another major limitation is that its data is limited up to 2021.”可知，ChatGPT的数据只更新到2021 年，所以应该是不了解2021年之后的事情，have awareness of sth.意为“了解……”。 notice通知；question问题；feeling感觉；awareness意识。故选D。
集训3　把握巧解语篇层次题
A
　　When I was 19， determined not to spend my last teenage year stuck in the suburbs， I took off with an Australian friend and we traveled around Europe for months. We stayed in the cheapest accommodation we could find and 　1　 bread， cheese and the occasional bottle of red.
　　This was 1990， a time before mobile phones and the Internet， when the primary contact with home was the 　2　 of mail from the general post office.
　　Before I left， Mom had made me a small money bag to 　3　 around my neck. She’d also made me a sleeping sheet so that I could avoid 　4　 bedding. These gifts were her way of telling me to have a wonderful time， even though she didn’t want me to go.
　　It’s only now， as my 18－year-old daughter is 　5　 to leave on her own gap year trip， that I have more 　6　 for what Mom felt. Working multiple jobs and saving money， my daughter has researched where to stay， how to get around and what to do when she 　7　. She rarely asks for my opinion and I find myself 　8　 unsure of whether I should get involved or 　9　. I want to be 　10　 but not too involved. I want to be cool but not cold. I want to be like the perfect travel 　11　.
　　When she first mentioned gap year travel， I was encouraging， wanting her to have her own experiences that could 　12　 her. As I had mine， I didn’t let myself think a lot about her not being here. Our family has already got 　13　 and soon it will just be me， my son and the cat. And I’m not quite ready for that. But this 　14　 is about her.
　　This is not 1990 and I am not stuck at home waiting for a letter. I have promised not to bother her with messages， but at least I know she can 　15　 me when she wants to.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇记叙文。作者描述了自己在18岁的女儿准备进行间隔 年旅行之际，想要表示支持，但又担心干预过多的纠结心情。
1. A. turned to B. asked for
C. dreamed of D. lived on
答案：D
解析：上文讲到作者19岁的时候和澳大利亚朋友去欧洲旅行，住在能找到的最便宜的 住处，由此可知二人的经济状况不是很理想。再由空后的“bread， cheese and the occasional bottle of red”可知，二人在旅行中吃面包、奶酪，偶尔喝一瓶红酒。turn to“求助于……”；ask for“请求，要求”；dream of “梦想”；live on “以吃…… 为生，靠……生活”。故选D。
2. A. promise B. collection C. claim D. approach
答案：B
解析：根据上文中的“This was 1990， a time before mobile phones and the Internet”可 知，当时还没有手机和互联网。由此可知，人们和家里的主要联系方式是从邮局取 信。此处考查collection的一词多义用法，表示“收走，领取”。promise“承诺”； claim“宣称，断言”；approach“（待人接物或思考问题的）方式，方法，态度”。 故选B。
3. A. wear B. tie C. stay D. stick
答案：A
解析：根据空前的“Mom had made me a small money bag”和空后的“around my neck”可知，作者妈妈给她做了一个小钱包，应该是戴在（wear）脖子上 的。故选A。
4. A. unusual B. expensive C. unclean D. empty
答案：C
解析：本句中的so that引导目的状语从句，根据空前的“She’d also made me a sleeping sheet”可知，作者妈妈也做了一个床单，这是为了让她避免旅行中遇到不干净的 （unclean）铺盖。故选C。
5. A. waiting B. preparing C. training D. begging
答案：B
解析：根据下文中的“my daughter has researched where to stay， how to get around and what to do”可知，作者的女儿准备（preparing）去进行间隔年旅行。故选B。
6. A. passion B. desire
C. responsibility D. sympathy
答案：D
解析：上文讲到作者19岁去旅行时，妈妈的担忧和用心。现在作者的女儿也要去旅行 了，作者能够理解当年妈妈的感受了。sympathy for...“对于……的理解”。 passion“强烈的爱好，热爱”；desire“愿望，欲望，渴望”；responsibility“责任， 负责”。故选D。
7. A. arrives B. confirms C. doubts D. forgets
答案：A
解析：根据上文中的“her own gap year trip” “my daughter has researched where to stay， how to get around”可以推断，此处讲的是作者的女儿已经研究好到达 （arrives）（目的地）之后要做什么了。confirm“（尤指提供证据来）证实，证明， 确认”；doubt“怀疑”；forget“忘记”。故选A。
8. A. desperately B. regularly
C. silently D. recently
答案：A
解析：根据空前的“she rarely asks for my opinion”可知，作者的女儿在准备旅行时很 少寻求作者的意见，所以可推测，作者作为母亲非常（desperately）不确定自己该怎 么做。regularly“有规律地，经常”；silently“悄悄地，静静地”；recently“最 近”。故选A。
9. A. stand out B. give in C. hold on D. back off
答案：D
解析：上文讲到作者的女儿很少寻求她的意见，作者不确定自己该做什么。因此，空 前的“get involved”（参与）与空处形成对应选择关系，故back off“放过，不去管 （某人）”符合语境。stand out“显眼，突出”；give in“屈服，让步”；hold on“（在困境或危险中）坚持住，挺住”。故选D。
10. A. ambitious B. supportive
C. positive D. practical
答案：B
解析：此处与下文中的“I want to be cool but not cold”结构一致，作者想要适度参与 但不过多干涉，故本句的意思应该是“我想要支持她，但又不想过度参与”。 ambitious“有野心的，有雄心的”；supportive“支持的”；positive“积极乐观的， 自信的”；practical“（人）注重实际的，务实的”。故选B。
11. A. partner B. pioneer C. guide D. advocate
答案：C
解析：根据上文描述可知，作者是支持女儿旅行的，并且希望自己能适度参与又不过 多干涉、希望自己冷静但不冷酷。由此可推测，她想做一个完美的旅行向导 （guide）。partner“搭档，同伴”；pioneer“先锋，先驱，带头人”；advocate“拥 护者，支持者，提倡者”。故选C。
12. A. attract B. cheer C. shape D. move
答案：C
解析：根据空前的“wanting her to have her own experiences”和常识可知，作者认为 间隔年旅行可以让女儿拥有个人经历，而这些经历能够影响女儿的发展。shape“影 响……的发展”。故选C。
13. A. happier B. smaller C. weaker D. tougher
答案：B
解析：根据上文中的“her not being here”和空后的“soon it will just be me， my son and the cat”可知，作者的家庭规模已经变小（smaller）了，而随着女儿的离开，家 里很快就只剩自己和儿子以及一只猫。故选B。
14. A. trip B. choice C. adventure D. project
答案：A
解析：根据本段第一句中的“gap year travel”可知，虽然作者没有完全准备好孩子离 开自己身边，但这是女儿自己的旅行（trip）。第四段也提到了“gap year trip”。故 选A。
15. A. leave B. believe C. contact D. disturb
答案：C
解析：根据上文中的“I am not stuck at home waiting for a letter. I have promised not to bother her with messages”可知，这里说的是女儿旅行时和作者之间的联系问题。作者 虽然没有准备好女儿离开身边，但现在不是1990年，她不是只能在家里等待信件，她 答应不发信息打扰女儿，但她要确保女儿可以随时联系（contact）到自己。故选C。
B
　　（2025 湖南长沙模拟）When working in person， most of us have a natural understanding of non-verbal（非语言的） signals. That is to say， all the ways in which we 　1　 work out without words.
　　 　2　， in the digital workspace， this kind of communication can seem less 　3　. Many work 　4　 now happen via online chats， and even video meetings can go ahead with cameras off.
　　Parts of non-verbal communication have always 　5　 outside face-to-face interaction， of course. For example， these unnoticeable 　6　 could begin with a profile picture on your CV（简历）； even deciding whether or not to add an emoji（表情图标） in a work group chat can change the 　7　 of the interaction.
　　Yet the new workplace shift in where and how we work has 　8　 the world of non- verbal communication greatly. For instance， in video calls， backgrounds can give all sorts of non-verbal 　9　 about co-workers’ lifestyles， 　10　 and level of professionalism. Let’s say if a co-worker positions the camera below the chin（下 巴）， 　11　 others to look up， you begin to dislike him or her， almost 　12　. Indeed， data have shown that during video calls， factors like camera angles， distance from the camera and ability to make eye contact all 　13　 how likeable people are noticed to be.
　　In a new world where 　14　 working is rapidly developing， being willing to engage non-verbally makes it 　15　 to understand others and to be understood.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。面对面工作时，我们大多数人对非语言信号 有一种自然的理解，但是在远程工作迅速发展的时代，这种交流似乎不那么重要了， 但是愿意以非语言的方式参与会让你更容易理解别人，也更容易被别人理解。
1. A. unite B. communicate
C. recognize D. cooperate
答案：B
解析：句意：也就是说，我们所有的交流方式都是不需要语言的。根据上文“When working in person... non-verbal（非语言的）signals.”可知，当我们面对面工作时，我 们大多数人对非语言信号有一种自然的理解。空处所在句指面对面交流时我们所有不 用语言的交流方式都能起到作用。unite团结；communicate交流；recognize认出； cooperate合作。故选B。
2. A. Besides B. However
C. Otherwise D. Therefore
答案：B
解析：句意：然而，在数字工作空间中，这种交流似乎不那么重要了。根据下文 “this kind of communication can seem less”可知，此处和前文构成转折关系。besides 此外；however然而；otherwise否则；therefore因此。故选B。
3. A. important B. separable
C. adventurous D. flexible
答案：A
解析：根据下文“and even video meetings can go ahead with cameras off”可知，此处 是指在数字工作空间中这种交流似乎不那么重要了。important重要的；separable可分 离的；adventurous勇于冒险的，敢于创新的；flexible灵活的。故选A。
4. A. conditions B. conversations
C. seats D. paces
答案：B
解析：句意：现在，许多工作对话都是通过在线聊天进行的，甚至视频会议也可以在 关闭摄像头的情况下进行。根据“via online chats”可知，此处是指许多工作对话。 condition条件；conversation对话；seat座位；pace节奏。故选B。
5. A. survived B. proved
C. transformed D. existed
答案：D
解析：句意：当然，部分非语言交流一直存在于面对面的互动之外。根据“of course”和“Parts of non-verbal communication”可知，此处是指部分非语言 交流一直存在于面对面的互动之外。survive幸存；prove证明；transform转变； exist存在。故选D。
6. A. signals B. maps C. journeys D. articles
答案：A
解析：句意：例如，这些不引人注意的信号可以从你简历上的头像开始；甚至决定是 否在工作组聊天中添加表情符号也会改变互动的感觉。本句中的“a profile picture on your CV（简历）”以及“emoji（表情图标） in a work group chat”都属于相互交流 中给予对方的信号。signal信号；map地图；journey旅行；article文章。故选A。
7. A. milestone B. analysis C. feel D. study
答案：C
解析：根据上文“whether or not to add an emoji（表情图标） in a work group chat”可 知，此处是指改变互动的感觉。milestone里程碑；analysis分析；feel感觉；study研 究。故选C。
8. A. quitted B. expanded C. failed D. reduced
答案：B
解析：句意：然而，工作地点和工作方式上的转变极大地扩展了非语言交流的范畴。 根据“Yet”和上文“Parts of non-verbal communication have always 　5　 outside face- to-face interaction， of course.”可知，此处是指极大地扩展了非语言交流的范畴。quit 停止；expand扩展；fail失败；reduce减少。故选B。
9. A. information B. change
C. application D. concern
答案：A
解析：句意：例如，在视频通话中，背景可以提供关于同事的生活方式、兴趣 和专业水平的各种非语言信息。根据“about co-workers’ lifestyles”可知，此 处是指提供各种非语言信息。information信息；change改变；application申请； concern担忧。故选A。
10. A. meetings B. suggestions
C. interests D. videos
答案：C
解析：根据上文“co-workers’ lifestyles”和下文“and level of professionalism”可 知，此处是指关于同事的生活方式、兴趣和专业水平的各种非语言信息。meeting会 议；suggestion建议；interest兴趣；video录像。故选C。
11. A. inspiring B. forcing
C. permitting D. warning
答案：B
解析：句意：比方说，如果一个同事把镜头放在下巴以下，迫使其他人抬头看，你几 乎立刻就会开始讨厌他或她。根据上文“if a co-worker positions the camera below the chin（下巴）”可知，此处是指迫使其他人抬头看。inspire激励；force强迫；permit允 许；warn警告。故选B。
12. A. continuously B. willingly
C. carefully D. instantly
答案：D
解析：根据上文“you begin to dislike him or her”可知，此处是指你几乎立刻就会开 始讨厌他或她。continuously连续不断地；willingly愿意地；carefully仔细地；instantly 立即。故选D。
13. A. impact B. accomplish C. report D. harm
答案：A
解析：句意：事实上，数据显示，在视频通话过程中，摄像头角度、与摄像头的距离 以及眼神交流的能力等因素都会影响人们的受欢迎程度。根据上文“factors like camera angles， distance from the camera and ability to make eye contact all”可知，此 处是指影响人们的受欢迎程度。impact影响；accomplish成就；report报告；harm伤 害。故选A。
14. A. diligent B. crazy C. remote D. abstract
答案：C
解析：句意：在一个远程工作迅速发展的新世界里，愿意以非语言的方式参与会让你 更容易理解别人，也更容易被别人理解。根据“In a new world”和上文“now happen via online chats， and even video meetings can go ahead with cameras off”可知，此处是 指在一个远程工作迅速发展的新世界里。diligent勤奋的；crazy疯狂的；remote远程 的；abstract抽象的。故选C。
15. A. easier B. harder
C. more traditional D. more exciting
答案：A
解析：根据“being willing to engage non-verbally”可知，此处是指愿意以非语言的方 式参与有助于互相理解。easier更容易的；harder更难的；more traditional更传统的； more exciting更令人兴奋的。故选A。(共75张PPT)
专题三　完形填空
第二讲　破解题型
任务一　学会巧解句内层次题
　　句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文义的前提下，利用本句的一些信 息，凭借语感即可顺利选出答案。对于此类题目，学生可以边读边填，将原文信息尽 量复原。
　　将相关信息和我们原有的生活经验、文化背景知识以及科普常识等结合起来，进 行简单推理，从而得出正确答案。事实上，该技巧与“逻辑推断”常常交织在一起， 因为虽有背景常识，但仍需简单推理；逻辑推理离不开背景常识。
解法1　　　根据生活常识或文化背景选词
【典例1】　（2025 全国Ⅰ卷节选）I took a picture of the vase and posted it online， for $10. A couple of messages came in， one wanting additional 　46　， another asking for a price cut.
46. A. fees B. photos C. receipts D. models
［自主解答］
　　根据上文的“I took a picture of the vase”和additional并结合常识可知，此处表示 有人在看了作者的帖子后，想要更多照片去细看该花瓶。photo意为“照片”，是上 文picture的同义替换，符合语境。故选B。
【演练】
1. （2024 新课标Ⅱ卷）Families 　　　　 for big meals on Sundays， birthdays， and whatever other excuses they can come up with.
A. gather B. cheer
C. leave D. wait
答案：A
解析：gather聚集；cheer欢呼；leave留下；wait等待。根据下文“on Sundays， birthdays，and whatever other excuses they can come up with”和生活常识可知，在这些 时间这些家庭热爱聚餐。故选A。
2. （2024 新课标Ⅱ卷）During my first visit to Italy， I 　　　　 to ask for directions or order in a restaurant.
A. planned B. struggled
C. refused D. happened
答案：B
解析：plan计划；struggle努力，争取；refuse拒绝；happen出现，发生。根据上文 “During my first visit to Italy”和生活常识可推知，此处指作者第一次到意大利，语 言不通，很难沟通交流。故选B。
3. （2024 全国甲卷）One day， we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside， I was left alone in the 　　　　 to help my grandmother wash dishes.
A. sitting room B. kitchen
C. yard D. dining hall
答案：B
解析：sitting room客厅；kitchen厨房；yard院子；dining hall餐厅。根据下文“to help my grandmother wash dishes”及生活常识可知，吃完晚饭后，作者在厨房帮助奶奶洗 碗。故选B。
解法2　　　根据“对应成分分析法”选词
　　完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，句子的 各个成分之间存在一定的对应关系。学生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与设空处相对应 的已知成分，将它作为线索，从而推断出设空处的答案。
【典例2】　（2024 全国甲卷节选）Born just before WWⅡ， my grandmother 　431　 an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a chance to go to
44（school）. Like in typical families， where boys were 45（favored） much more than girls， my grandma had to stay at home to do 　46　.
　　...
　　I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to 59（talk） to...
43. A. adjusted B. promoted
C. achieved D. experienced
［自主解答］
　　根据下文“an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine”和最后一段中的 “our different childhood background”可知，作者和奶奶两人经历了完全不同的童 年。experience意为“经历”，符合语境。故选D。
46. A. gardening B. homework
C. business D. housework
［自主解答］
　　根据本句中的“Like in typical families”和“my grandma had to stay at home”可 推知，作者的奶奶小时候像一般家庭一样，女孩不得不待在家里做家务。housework 意为“家务”，符合语境。故选D。
【演练】
1. （2024 新课标Ⅱ卷）Each town has its own traditional 　　　　， and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another.
A. costume B. dish
C. symbol D. tale
答案：B
解析：costume服装；dish菜肴；symbol符号；tale故事。结合句意可知，空处与饮食 有关。再结合下文“every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another” 可推知，此处指每个城镇都有自己的传统菜肴。故选B。
2. （2023 新课标Ⅰ卷）Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 　　　　.
A. courage B. aid
C. patience D. advice
答案：B
解析：courage勇气；aid帮助；patience耐心；advice建议。根据上文“Bailey took her arm”可知，此处表示“看她是否能在她的帮助下向前走”。故选B。
解法3　　　根据习惯用法或固定搭配选词
　　解题时通过分析习惯用法、固定搭配以及句子结构，进行有效的推理判断，从而 选出正确选项。学生在解题时要灵活地运用一些常用的习惯用法、固定搭配，学会分 析句子结构。
【典例3】　（2024 新课标Ⅰ卷节选）So I turned to cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I 　48　 of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister.
48. A. heard B. dreamed
C. complained D. approved
［自主解答］
　　根据上文的“I got a good bike and rode a lot.”及下文的“entering cycle races”可 知，作者梦想着（dreamed of）参加自行车比赛。dream意为“梦想”，符合语境。故 选B。
【演练】
1. （2024 全国甲卷）As always my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood... I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to 　　　　 to： her stories always make my history textbooks come alive.
A. attend B. refer
C. lead D. talk
答案：D
解析：四个选项与后面的介词to构成固定搭配后意思分别是：attend to处理，照料； refer to参考；lead to导致；talk to与……谈话。根据上文“my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood”可知，作者的祖母会讲自己小时候的故事给作者听。 所以童年背景和经历的不同让祖母成为一个很棒的交谈对象。故选D。
2. （2024 浙江1月卷）In the course of a couple of hours， he showed me just how much one can gain from traveling with an open mind， and a willingness to 　　　　 with locals from all walks of life.
A. cooperate B. side
C. negotiate D. engage
答案：D
解析：四个选项与后面的介词with构成短语后的意思分别是：cooperate with与……合 作；side with支持某人；negotiate with与……协商；engage with与……建立密切关 系。根据空后“with locals from all walks of life”可知，此处指和各行各业的当地人打 交道，应用短语engage with。故选D。
3. （2023 全国乙卷）The Chinese coach 　　　　 Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world， helping her skyrocket from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport.
A. forced B. transformed
C. persuaded D. put
答案：B
解析：force强迫；transform转换，改造，彻底改变；persuade劝说；put放。由下文 “Douglas into one of the best gymnasts”可知，这位中国教练让Douglas变成世界上最 好的体操运动员之一，transform... into... 是固定搭配，意为“使……变成……”。故 选B。
解法4　　　根据逻辑关系选词
　　语篇是由一些意义相关的句子根据一定的逻辑关系组织起来的语义整体。逻辑关 系隐藏在单个句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中，体现作者的写作思路和篇章意 义，是贯穿整篇文章的主线。因此，解答完形填空题最基本的方法就是根据空处前后 所提供的信息或上下文之间的逻辑关系，做出符合逻辑的判断。
【典例4】　（2024 新课标Ⅱ卷节选）Whatever 　54　 life in Italy might have， the problems are 55（forgotten） once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.
54. A. disadvantages B. meanings
C. surprises D. opportunities
［自主解答］
　　根据下文的the problems可知，该空指的应是生活在意大利的障碍。disadvantage 意为“劣势，障碍”，符合语境。故选A。
【演练】
1. 并列关系
（2024 全国甲卷）There， they would walk through deep water， sit down cross-legged underwater and hold their 　　　　 while they watched all action going on around them.
A. secret B. breath
C. view D. tongue
答案：B
解析：secret秘密；breath呼吸；view视野；tongue舌头。根据上文“they would walk through deep water， sit down cross-legged underwater and hold”可知，此处描述的是他 们下水的一系列动作，在水下肯定是屏住呼吸。故选B。
2. 因果关系
（2024 新课标Ⅰ卷）To be honest， I hated it！ Between the girl making my achievement seem small and the pure boredom of jogging， I decided that the only reason I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me！
　　So I 　　　　 cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot...
A. gave up B. went on
C. turned to D. dealt with
答案：C
解析：give up放弃；go on继续；turn to转向；deal with处理。由上文可知，作者十分 讨厌跑步，连词So提示此处表示结果；结合下文作者说买了自行车并多次骑行可知， 此处应表示作者把目标转向了骑行。故选C。
3. 转折关系
（2024 浙江1月卷）Over several hours he would tell me about how he had attended a two- year professional school to quickly find a job building highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps most 　　　　， however， was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor.
A. typical B. obvious
C. natural D. remarkable
答案：D
解析：typical典型的；obvious明显的；natural自然的；remarkable令人瞩目的。空后的 however一词提示前后构成转折关系，前文提到年轻男人说自己毕业后做了高速公路 建造工人，后文应表示尽管高强度体力劳动后，仍然能坚持学习，十分令人瞩目。故 选D。
4. 递进关系
（2020 全国Ⅲ卷）If you do， you won’t be able to handle it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that 　　　　 everyone’s day.
A. ruins B. makes
C. starts D. saves
答案：A
解析：根据上文的“you won’t be able to handle it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and...”可知，and连接的三个句子在意思上层层递进，最终造成不好 的结果，即毁掉（ruins）大家的一天。故选A。
任务二　掌握巧解句组层次题
　　词语复现是指某一个词以原词，或同/近义词（如difficult与challenging）、同源词 （如happy与happiness）、上下义词（如vegetable与eggplant）、反义词（如wrong与 right）等形式在同一语篇中重复出现的现象。词语复现是语篇衔接的一个重要手段， 我们可以借助这一衔接手段解答完形填空题。
解法1　　　根据词语复现选词
【典例1】　（2024 新课标Ⅰ卷节选）I’ve been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks’ achievements all my life.
　　When I was a teenager， a neighborhood friend 41（won） a marathon race. Feeling motivated， I started running 42（regularly）， but then two things happened. First， a girl I met one day told me she was 43（training） for a “super，” referring to a
52.4－mile double marathon. Then， the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles.
To be honest， I 44（hated） it！ Between the girl making my 　45　 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging， I decided that the only 46（reason） I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me！
45. A. advantage B. achievement
C. contribution D. influence
［自主解答］
　　根据第一段“在我的生活中，别人的成就一直激励着我，也让我失去动力。”和 上文女生为52.4英里的双程马拉松比赛进行训练，而作者最长的跑步距离为15英里可 知，和她相比，作者的成就显得微不足道。achievement意为“成就”，属于原词复 现。故选B。
【演练】
1. 原词复现
（2023 浙江1月卷）Then， with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree， Ziyad began climbing. He stopped every few minutes to move the 　　　　 higher up the tree trunk.
A. hives B. leaves
C. rope D. honey
答案：C
解析：根据上文“with one end of a rope... the trunk of a tree”可知，因为绳子提供给养 蜂人向上的拉力，所以当养蜂人爬到和绳子差不多的高度时，他需要把绳子放得更 高，才能提供这个力。rope为原词复现。故选C。
2. 同源词复现
（2022 全国乙卷）We brought young children aged 2—4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 　　　　 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ears.
A. parent B. child
C. researcher D. doctor
答案：B
解析：根据上文“We brought young children aged 2—4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. ”可知，此处表示每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B。
　　在做完形填空题时，学生一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作 者态度和情感色彩的重要词汇。作者在选择使用特定的褒义词或贬义词时就表达了自 己的感情和意愿。学生做题时要抓住这个线索，根据态度一致原则，进行合理推测， 从而快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
　解法2　　　根据作者情感态度选词
【典例2】　（2024 全国甲卷节选）My childhood is quite happy compared with hers. I am 　56　 that I did not need to go through the hardships like she did.
56. A. grateful B. surprised
C. convinced D. regretful
［自主解答］
　　根据上文“My childhood is... hers.”可知，与她（此处指作者的祖母）的童年 相比，作者的童年是相当幸福的。由此可推知，作者很感激（grateful）自己不需要经 历像祖母经历过的那样的困难。故选A。
【演练】
1. （2023 新课标Ⅱ卷）He was so 　　　　 and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures. It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.
A. thankful B. generous
C. proud D. sympathetic
答案：A
解析：thankful感激的；generous慷慨的；proud骄傲的；sympathetic同情的。根据下文 “and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures”和“I had helped bring this family together again”可推知，此处指对于作者的帮忙，对方非常感激。故选A。
2. （2023 全国甲卷）It was a very nice gesture for him to make. But when we looked at the tomatoes， we were worried because they were so misshapen： not at all like the nice， round， shiny things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy， in a funny old bottle with no label（标签） on it. These can’t be any good， we thought. But we were 　　　　 his kindness， so we tried them.
A. sympathetic to B. thankful for
C. cautious about D. interested in
答案：B
解析：sympathetic to对……同情；thankful for对……感激；cautious about对……谨 慎；interested in对……感兴趣。根据上文“It was a very nice gesture for him to make.” 可知，作者认为邻居的行为是表达善意。因此，尽管礼物的外观看起来不怎么好，作 者对马里奥的善良还是很感激的。故选B。
解法3　　　根据语境暗示选词
　　完形填空的每一道题都有依据，学生须在上下文中寻找依据。有时候问题的答案 只需要考虑设空处所在句或该句的上文或下文，但有时需综合考虑上下文。总结成口 诀：每道题必有据，上下求索找信息。
【典例3】　（2024 新课标Ⅱ卷节选）After I made Italy my permanent home， I discovered how 　46　 Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 47（remind） me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.
46. A. open-minded B. strong-willed
C. warm-hearted D. well-informed
［自主解答］
　　根据下文描述意大利人分享食物、提醒作者关窗可知，空处强调意大利人的热 心。故选C。
【演练】
1. 上文信息
（2024 浙江1月卷）While taking a 20－hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China， I had the kind of humbling， educational， and above all else， wonderful encounter with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man approached me on the train. My 　　　　 friend spoke virtually no English， so I happily took the chance to practice my Chinese.
A. true B. so-called
C. new D. long-lost
答案：C
解析：true真的；so-called所谓的；new新的；long-lost很久不见的。根据上文“I had the kind of humbling， educational， and above all else， wonderful encounter with a local that all travelers long for”可知，两人是新认识的，所以是新朋友。故选C。
2. 上下文信息
（2022 新高考Ⅰ卷）I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was uncomfortable， and his crying let the whole campground know it. So 　　　　 tying him up， I just kept a close eye on him. It worked—he didn’t end up in the creek.
A. due to B. instead of
C. apart from D. as for
答案：B
解析：due to由于；instead of代替，而不是；apart from除了；as for至于。根据上文 “He was uncomfortable， and his crying let the whole campground know it.”以及下文 “I just kept a close eye on him”可推知，此处指孩子身上被绑绳子后感觉不舒服，所 以作者放弃在他身上绑绳子，而是密切关注着他。故选B。
任务三　把握巧解语篇层次题
　　有时完形填空题的第一个空需要读完全文才能做出正确选择，有时最后一个空呼 应全文主题，需要结合全文主题（往往是开头首句）才能作答。此类跳跃性较强的设 空需要学生牢牢把握住首尾呼应，结合鲜明统一的主题来敲定答案。
　解法1　　　根据首尾/前后文呼应选词
【典例1】　（2024 全国甲卷节选）... She did not have a chance to go to
44（school）. Like in typical families， where boys were 45（favored） much more than girls， my grandma had to stay at home to do 46（housework）. The only opportunity （机会） she could seize to 47（study） was when her brother was having Chinese
48（lessons） with the family tutor...
　　I’ve never faced the problem of 　58　. I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to 59（talk） to： her stories always make my history textbooks come alive.
58. A. unemployment B. health
C. education D. communication
［自主解答］
　　此题根据就近上下文信息找不到答案，需要利用前后文呼应法来选词。根据上文 中“She did not have a chance to go to 44（school）.”和“The only opportunity（机 会） she could seize to 47（study） was when her brother was having Chinese 48 （lessons） with the family tutor.”可知，祖母没有机会上学，所以此处指作者从来没 有遇到过教育方面的问题。故选C。
【演练】
1. （2023 全国甲卷）It was a very nice gesture for him to make. But when we looked at the tomatoes， we were worried because they were so misshapen： not at all like the nice， round， shiny things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy， in a funny old bottle with no label（标签） on it. These can’t be any good， we thought. But we were thankful for his kindness， so we tried them.
　　What we discovered is that it’s unwise to judge what you eat only by its 　　　　. Those tomatoes had a taste that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child.
A. appearance B. quality
C. origin D. price
答案：A
解析：appearance外观；quality质量；origin源头；price价格。结合前后文可 知，作者一家刚开始看到马里奥送的西红柿是畸形的，对其感到担心，但是后 来发现它的味道比超市的西红柿要好，所以此处应是根据外观来判断你吃的东 西是不明智的。故选A。
2. It was a snowy day. I 　　　　 the friend who sat with me on winter evenings， talking about our experiences and thoughts—a true conversation... I had almost given up hope of finding another friend like that after I moved to this city. I wanted to invite a woman...
A. met B. missed
C. visited D. helped
答案：B
解析：根据语篇后面段落内容可知，作者搬到一个新城市后，几乎没有信心找到一个 可以坐下来一起聊天的朋友。由此推断，作者想念她的朋友。故选B。
解法2　　　根据文章发展脉络选词
　　叙事类的完形填空的一般行文结构：故事开端——发展——高潮——结局。因此 在解题时，学生必须把握文章的走势，了解文章的发展脉络，揣摩文章字里行间的意 义，选择与作者思路或意图相吻合的选项，例如上文有因为，下文必然有所以；上文 有其然，下文必有其所以然。
【典例2】　（2022 全国甲卷节选）You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
　　...
　　The next week we 47（walked） our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our 48（breath）， Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing（求 婚）？ I liked him too， but so 49（soon）？ He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 50（In that moment）， I began to fall for him.
　　...
　　A year later， much to my 58（delight）， this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel（跪） down， nor did I 59（need） him to. That’s only for giving 　60　 to the dogs that brought us together.
60. A. toys B. awards C. food D. water
［自主解答］
　　利用文章发展脉络解题。文章首段提出了一个观点：从一个人如何对待自己的狗 能看出他的为人。根据下文可知，作者是一位动物爱好者，她的男友Steve也是一位 动物爱好者。在两人约会的过程中，Steve喂作者的小狗喝水的一幕深深打动了作 者。一年之后，作者欣然接受了Steve的求婚。Steve没有通过下跪的方式向作者求 婚，因为作者认为下跪这个动作只是为了给那些让他们走到一起的小狗们“喝水”才 做的。故选D。
【演练】
（2025 山东济宁三模片段）本文的故事脉络是“65岁的动画教授Nancy Beiman在退 休后尝试连环画创作→创造出了FurBabies系列→朋友漫画家Lynn Johnston就如何写小 剧本给了她一些建议→她写了24个迷你剧本→成功与GoComics网站签约”。
　　Nancy Beiman was 65. When she was considering retirement from her job as a professor of animation， she had no clue how she would fill her days. 　1　 this， she woke up one day with the idea for a comic strip（连环画）.
　　Beiman had been doing her animation mostly on computers but for this new idea， she returned to drawing characters on paper. The 　2　 was FurBabies， a series about a mixed family of dogs， a cat and a child who can all speak the same language.
　　Beiman wasn’t planning on continuing with the idea until she showed them to her friend， the cartoonist Lynn Johnston， who thought 　3　 of the drawings and gave her advice on how to develop little scripts（剧本）.
　　Following her friend’s 　4　， she wrote 24 mini-scripts. A few months later， she submitted them to the website GoComics and successfully got 　5　.
1. A. Dreaming of B. Insisting on
C. Puzzling over D. Missing out
答案：C
解析：dream of梦想；insist on坚持；puzzle over对……感到困惑；miss out错过。根据 上文“When she was considering retirement from her job as a professor of animation， she had no clue how she would fill her days.”可知，Beiman应该是不知道退休后如何生 活，因此是对此感到困惑。故选C。
2. A. concept B. result C. phenomenon D. proof
答案：B
解析：concept概念；result结果；phenomenon现象；proof证据。根据下文“was FurBabies，a series about a mixed family of dogs， a cat and a child who can all speak the same language”可推知，连环画FurBabies系列应该是Beiman创作的结果。故选B。
3. A. highly B. lightly C. logically D. curiously
答案：A
解析：highly高度地；lightly轻微地；logically合乎逻辑地；curiously好奇地。根据下 文“gave her advice on how to develop little scripts（剧本）”可知，Johnston就如何创 作小剧本给了Beiman建议，由此推知，身为漫画家的Johnston对Beiman的作品评价很 高，鼓励她进一步创作，固定短语think highly of意为“欣赏”。故选A。
4. A. example B. guidance C. heart D. passion
答案：B
解析：example例子；guidance指导；heart心；passion激情。根据上文“gave her advice on how to develop little scripts（剧本）”可知，Johnston给了Beiman建议，因此 Beiman是在朋友的指导下写剧本。故选B。
5. A. refused B. inspired C. signed D. promoted
答案：C
解析：refuse拒绝；inspire启发；sign签约；promote提升。根据空处所在句“she
submitted them to the website GoComics and successfully got 　5　”可推知，这些连环
画成功和GoComics网站达成合作，成功签约。故选C。
解法3　　　根据熟词生义选词
　　熟词生义是近几年高考不断出现的词汇活用现象。此类题目通常考查单词的语境 含义，而不是我们所熟知的教材上所给的意思，甚至词性也不是常见的，而是进行了 转化。如：
【典例3】　（2023 新课标Ⅰ卷节选）On Oct.11， hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota... Although the two young women were strangers before the 　54　， they’ve since become friends.
54. A. ride B. test C. meet D. show
［自主解答］
　　结合上文“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”及“the two young women were strangers before”可知，此处表示这两名年轻女子在“比赛 （meet）”前是陌生人，但后来成了朋友。meet常见的意思为“相遇，遇见”，在此 处的语境中意为“体育比赛，运动会”。故选C。
【演练】
（2023 北京卷）But when mum got home from work， I was still complaining， “Five pages！ That’s impossible！”
　　“Well， you’d better get back to work，” she said， “and I want to read it when you’re through.”
　　Soon after dinner， I handed the essay to mum. I half expected a 　　　　—at least an “I hope you’ve learned your lesson”. Instead， mum laughed and laughed as she read.
A. lecture B. reason
C. reward D. solution
答案：A
解析：根据下文“at least an ‘I hope you’ve learned your lesson’”可知，“我希望你 已经吸取了教训”这是一种说教。lecture作名词时常意为“讲座；演讲”，在此处意 为“说教”。故选A。
　　（2025 江西南昌摸底测试）Students were reading and turning pages in time to Mozart playing in the background. After a set time I put my 　1　 down and asked the students to do the same. I could 　2　 an obvious sigh of relief. I stood up and walked around the class asking questions about what we had read in the book Beowulf and then I had them 　3　 what we would be reading that day.
　　“Boring，” one student said. When I pushed 　4　 as to why he thought so， I was 　5　 an eye roll.
　　That eye roll from my student forced me to change my lessons and my thinking about 　6　 my students. I wanted students to associate texts with visual works as well as feel interested and willingly 　7　 in our discussions. To begin the next class， I decided to show 　8　 of the movie Captain America： The First Avenger to highlight the concept of archetypes（典型）. Eager and anxious， I 　9　 the play button. To my 　10　， they seemed excited. As they watched， I asked questions about why a character was dressed in a certain way and why the 　11　 chose certain scenes.
　　During the discussions， the students， in contrast to the previous day’s lesson， were completely involved and 　12　 answers. When we turned back to Beowulf， they started to form 　13　 they had seldom made. For example， the concept of archetypes became 　14　 when one student dubbed（把……戏称为） Beowulf “Captain Anglo- Saxon”. When class ended， the students were excited and looking forward to what I might show in the 　15　 class.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇记叙文。作者之前的教学方式让学生感到厌倦，后来 作者通过把文本和视觉作品联系起来而做出改变。这一改变让学生感到很兴奋，对作 者的课充满期待。
1. A. face B. novel C. paper D. chalk
答案：B
解析：根据上文的“reading and turning pages”及下文的“what we had read in the book Beowulf ”可知，学生们当时在读小说。这里表示作者放下小说（novel），并 要求学生也这样做。故选B。face“脸”；paper“纸”；chalk“粉笔”。
2. A. sense B. provide C. convey D. breathe
答案：A
解析：根据下文的“an obvious sigh of relief”可知，作者感觉（sense）到学生明显松 了口气。故选A。provide“提供”；convey“表达”；breathe“呼吸，低声说”。
3. A. confirm B. assess C. discuss D. change
答案：C
解析：根据下文的“what we would be reading that day”和最后一段首句描述的同学们 在两次讨论中的不同表现可知，此处指作者让他们讨论（discuss）那天要读的书。故 选C。confirm“确认”；assess“评估”；change“改变”。
4. A. further B. over C. off D. away
答案：A
解析：根据上文的“‘Boring，’ one student said.”和下文的“as to why he thought so”可知，一个学生说这种做法很无趣，作者进一步追问其原因。push further在此处 表示“进一步（追问）”。故选A。push over“将某物推倒”；push off“启航”； push away“推开”。
5. A. compared to B. attracted by
C. reminded of D. met with
答案：D
解析：根据上文的“‘Boring，’ one student said.”和下文的“That eye roll from my student”可知，作者的追问遭遇了（be met with）学生的白眼。故选D。be compared to“被与……比较”；be attracted by“被……吸引”；be reminded of“被提 醒……”。
6. A. accompanying B. protecting
C. reaching D. pressing
答案：C
解析：根据下文可知，那个学生的白眼迫使作者改变其课程，并促使其思考引起学生 注意的方法，此处reach为一词多义的用法，意为“引起……的注意”。故选C。 accompany“陪伴”；protect“保护”；press“逼迫”。
7. A. succeed B. compete C. end D. join
答案：D
解析：根据上文的“I wanted students to associate texts with visual works as well as feel interested and willingly”可知，作者想让学生将文本与视觉作品联系起来，产生兴趣 并愿意加入（join）讨论。下文的“completely involved”亦是提示。故选D。 succeed“成功”；compete“竞争”；end“结束”。
8. A. posters B. videos C. albums D. reviews
答案：B
解析：根据上文的“I wanted students to associate texts with visual works”可知，作者 决定展示电影《美国队长：复仇者先锋》的录像（videos）。故选B。poster“海 报”；album“唱片，相册”；review“评价，评论”。
9. A. checked B. hit C. got D. saw
答案：B
解析：根据下文的button和they watched可知，此处指作者按下了（hit）播放键。故选 B。check“检查，审查”；get“得到”；see“看见”。
10. A. disappointment B. puzzlement
C. delight D. shock
答案：C
解析：根据下文的“they seemed excited”可知，学生们都很兴奋，这让作者很高兴 （delight）。故选C。disappointment“失望”；puzzlement“困惑”；shock“震 惊”。
11. A. director B. teacher C. editor D. student
答案：A
解析：根据上文的“the movie Captain America： The First Avenger”和下文的“chose certain scenes（选择某种场景）”以及常识可知，在学生观看的时候，作者问他们一 些关于某个角色为什么以某种方式着装以及导演（director）为什么选择某些场景的问 题。故选A。teacher“教师”；editor“主编，编辑”；student“学生”。
12. A. gave away B. referred to
C. made up D. shouted out
答案：D
解析：根据句意可知，在讨论过程中，与之前的课不同，学生们完全投入并大声说出 答案，此处的shout out“大声喊出”表明学生的兴奋之情。故选D。give away“泄 露”；refer to“参考，查阅”；make up“编造”。
13. A. plans B. agreements
C. connections D. impressions
答案：C
解析：根据后面的例子可知，学生把文学作品与所看的电影建立了联系 （connections），而此前他们做不到这一点。故选C。plan“计划”；agreement“协 议，协定”；impression“印象，感想”。
14. A. broader B. simpler C. clearer D. stranger
答案：C
解析：根据上文的“I decided to show 　8　 of the movie Captain America： The First Avenger to highlight the concept of archetypes（典型）”可知，当一个学生把贝奥武夫 戏称为“盎格鲁－撒克逊船长”时，典型的概念变得更加清晰（clearer）起来。故选 C。broader“更宽阔的，更广阔的”；simpler“更易于理解的，更简单的”； stranger“更加奇怪的”。
15. A. next B. previous C. current D. first
答案：A
解析：根据空处所在句“When class ended， the students were excited and looking forward to what I might show in the 　15　 class.”可知，课堂结束时，学生很兴奋，他 们期待作者下（next）节课的内容。故选A。previous“以往的，先前的”； current“当前的，现在的”；first“第一”。

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