资源简介

(共26张PPT)
专题一　阅读理解
冲刺集训二　推理判断题
集训1　优质模拟题
A
　　（2025 吉安市高三教学质量检测）British runner Jasmin Paris became the first woman ever to finish the famous Barkley Marathons on Friday. Paris finished the course with a time of 59 hours， 58 minutes and 21 seconds； just 99 seconds before the 60－hour time limit went by. Paris was one of five finishers in the 2024 edition of the Barkley Marathons， with Ukrainian Ihor Verys finishing first， American’s John Kelly and Jared Campbell finishing second and third respectively and Greig Hamilton from New Zealand finishing fourth.
　　The Barkley Marathons has become famous for its punishing， near-impossible nature. It is thought by many to be the hardest foot race in the world.
　　The famous ultramarathon， the idea of runner Gary Cantrell， takes place in Tennessee’s Frozen Head State Park. The route was inspired by the 1977 prison escape of James Earl Ray. Ray traveled only eight miles in just over two days after escaping before he was recaptured， leading Cantrell to think that he could cover 100 miles in the same amount of time.
　　The route is long and indistinguishable and the slopes are steep. The race consists of five loops（环路） of around 20 miles each， for a total of between 100 to 130 miles through brushy mountains with an elevation（海拔） gain of around 63，000 feet. Athletes run the course over three sleepless days and nights—and there are no aid stations， phones or GPS to help with navigation（导航）. Getting lost， as well as falling and getting injured in the brush， is normal for the course.
　　The ultramarathon is marked with unique unmanned checkpoints， each of which contains a paperback book. Athletes must tear out a page corresponding to their bib（号码 布） number and have all the book pages in hand at the end of each loop to prove they reached each checkpoint.
　　The races’ tough nature makes it a tough finish for many， with no finishers between 2017 and 2023. It has a dropout rate of 99％.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了Jasmin Paris成为首位完成极具 挑战性的巴克利马拉松的女性，该赛事以其难度高和沿途无援助站等特点而著称。
1. Who took the lead in the Barkley Marathons on Friday？
A. Jasmin Paris. B. Ihor Verys.
C. John Kelly. D. Jared Campbell.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“with Ukrainian Ihor Verys finishing first， American’s John Kelly and Jared Campbell finishing second and third respectively and Greig Hamilton from New Zealand finishing fourth”可知，Ihor Verys获得巴克利马拉松 比赛的冠军。故选B项。
2. Where did the race’s inspiration come from？
A. A prison escape.
B. A hiking trip.
C. A runner’s dream.
D. A historical event.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The route was inspired by the 1977 prison escape of James Earl Ray.”可知，该赛事的灵感来源于1977年James Earl Ray的越狱事件。故 选A项。
3. Why do athletes often get lost？
A. The race is held at night.
B. Athletes ignore the route.
C. The course is well-marked.
D. No navigational aid is available.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“there are no aid stations， phones or GPS to help with navigation（导航）. Getting lost， as well as falling and getting injured in the brush， is normal for the course.”可知，选手容易迷路是因为没有救助站、电话或GPS 来帮助导航。故选D项。
4. What does the high dropout rate indicate？
A. The location is unpopular.
B. Athletes are well-prepared.
C. The race is easy to complete.
D. The race is extremely challenging.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“The races’ tough nature makes it a tough finish for many， with no finishers between 2017 and 2023. It has a dropout rate of 99％.”可知，该 赛事对很多人来说很难完成，退出率高。由此可推知，它极具挑战性。故选D项。
B
　　（2025 郑州市高中毕业年级第一次质量预测）A few years ago， we bought a Lego Taj Mahal（泰姬陵）for my dad’s birthday， hoping to combine his love for architecture with family time.
　　Each evening， my dad and I gathered around the large dining table to build the model. We faced thousands of tiny white pieces， each packaged with precision in numbered plastic bags， accompanied by a thick instruction book. The evenings passed quickly， and the building rose before our eyes. We could see our efforts producing good results， and as we turned to the boring task of ordering the colored bricks on the building’s floor， our conversation also took a turn.
　　We were amazed by how complex the model was and its instruction book. We realized the book itself was a work of art， beautiful， but also surprisingly detailed and clear. It provided us with the comfort of certainty. We knew if we followed all the instructions， we would end up with a model that looked exactly like the picture on the box. If we made a mistake， all we had to do was repeat our steps and start again.
　　Life， however， does not fit together so neatly and rarely provides us with such clear instructions. We talked over our respective lives， decisions made， and actions and choices never taken. Dad reflected on a life well lived， and I， in my mid-thirties， on the uncertain path that lay ahead.
　　Here， we were the expert architects doing the assembling（组装）， but out in the world， we were the ones being assembled. We think we’re in control， but our choices are shaped by forces beyond our control. In the face of uncertainty， we have to proceed， trusting both in the process and the end result.
　　Sometimes， on the days I return home， I go to the spare room to look at the completed Lego model， which brings forth a sense of happiness and comfort. It reminds me that life is built slowly， with mistakes， an element of uncertainty and no instruction book. It shows that consideration， warmth and faith will result in a life well lived. Life itself is not about what we materially create or leave behind， but rather how we lived it.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了和父亲一起搭建泰姬陵乐高模型 的经历，并由此引发对生活的思考。乐高模型有明确的说明书，但生活没有，尽管生 活充满不确定性，我们也要带着信心前行。
5. Which can best describe the author’s experience of building the Lego model？
A. Simple and uninteresting.
B. Imaginative and enjoyable.
C. Complicated and rewarding.
D. Challenging and discouraging.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段内容，尤其是“We faced thousands of tiny white pieces， each packaged with... by a thick instruction book.”和“We could see our efforts producing good results， and as we turned to the boring task of ordering the colored bricks on the building’s floor， our conversation also took a turn.”可知，搭建乐高的过程是复 杂的，同时因搭建的建筑物在我们眼前逐渐升起，我们能看到努力正在结出果实，即 作者搭建乐高模型的经历复杂而有益。故选C项。
6. What does the author learn from assembling the Lego model？
A. Life requires to be planned carefully.
B. Life doesn’t come with clear guidance.
C. Mistakes in life can always be corrected.
D. Life’s uncertainty makes it more exciting.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Life， however， does not fit together so neatly and rarely provides us with such clear instructions. We talked over our respective lives， decisions made， and actions and choices never taken.”可知，作者从组装乐高模型中学 到了人生没有明确的指引。故选B项。
7. How does the author suggest we deal with uncertainty in life？
A. By avoiding making any choice.
B. By focusing on instant end results.
C. By seeking instructions from others.
D. By moving forward with confidence.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“In the face of uncertainty， we have to proceed， trusting both in the process and the end result.”可知，对于处理生活中的不确定性，作 者建议我们充满信心地前进。故选D项。
8. What does the completed Lego model mean to the author？
A. The value of hard work in life.
B. The achievement of life goals.
C. The journey of living one’s life.
D. The joy of staying with families.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It reminds me that life is built slowly， with mistakes， an element of uncertainty and no instruction book. It shows that consideration， warmth and faith will result in a life well lived. Life itself is not about what we materially create or leave behind， but rather how we lived it.”可知，完成的乐高模型让作者想起 生活是慢慢构建的，有错误，有不确定性因素，生活本身不在于我们物质上创造或留 下的东西，而在于我们如何度过它，据此可推知，对作者来说完成的乐高模型象征着 人生之旅。故选C项。
集训2　外刊原创题
　　I’m standing with Malena in front of a pan in Copenhagen as she flips sizzling “meatballs”. But they are not made of beef， lamb or pork； instead， they contain up to 40 percent ground buffalo mealworm larvae（幼虫） mixed with pea meal.
　　Before tasting， I made the mistake of doing some research and learned that buffalo beetles live off scraps and chicken droppings（鸡粪） on farms. But I can’t think about that now； I’m determined to try Malena’s meatballs with an open mind. If I didn’t know better， I wouldn’t suspect that I am chewing bugs.
　　Malena and Jessica founded their company， Hey Planet， to sell sustainable insect- based food products to the world. Not just because they will help fight climate change， but because they taste good.
　　“To me， it tastes like mushroom， with a slightly nutty flavor，” says Jessica. “Our meat has a protein content that’s higher than beef. It also contains omega－3 fatty acids， vitamin B12 and iron， which give it a familiar meaty taste.”
　　Ultimately， the pair want to take the focus off the source of the company’s products. “We hope that the origin of insect protein will eventually be forgotten， and that it will be viewed only as a food-enriching ingredient，” Jessica says.
　　“We have a solution-plant-based food-but people also want animal protein，” says Malena. “Consumers and producers are still not considering insects as a solution.” Many of their potential customers find insects disgusting（厌恶的）.
　　“Before the company starts selling insect meat directly to consumers in supermarkets， it needs to break down the wall in people’s heads，” she explains. “We are going at full throttle（全力以赴） for one year， creating publicity with well-known chefs and restaurants.”
　　As I cycle through Copenhagen after my visit to Hey Planet， I pass a stand selling Denmark’s popular pork sausages. Suddenly the idea of marketing food made from insects doesn’t seem like a pipe dream. After all， most Danish people don’t think twice about what gives sausages their distinctive red color： a dye extracted from a South American insect.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章通过作者亲身体验，报道了一 家推广昆虫基食品并提供可持续蛋白质来源的公司，其创始人希望通过这种方 式来应对气候变化。尽管面临消费者的心理障碍，但该公司希望通过宣传与合 作使昆虫食品成为常态。
1. Why does the author consider his research a mistake？
A. It distracted him from trying the food.
B. It made him question the taste of the food.
C. It revealed irrelevant information on insects.
D. It influenced his food perception negatively.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段可知，作者在品尝这种食物之前做了研究，了解到水 牛粉虫以农场的饲料残渣和鸡粪为食，这一信息影响了他对该食物的看法。由此可推 知，这个研究对他的食物感知产生了负面影响。故选D项。
2. What do Malena and Jessica expect people to pay more attention to？
A. The source of their products.
B. The origin of insect protein.
C. The enriching ingredients of the food.
D. The nutrition of insect meat.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第二句可知，Malena和Jessica希望人们最终忘记昆虫 蛋白的来源，而只将其视为一种营养强化的食品成分。故选C项。
3. What does the wall in people’s heads refer to？
A. Their preference for eating out.
B. Their opinion about wastefulness.
C. Their prejudice against insect food.
D. Their tendency to cook for themselves.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第六段第二句和第三句可知，很多潜在客户对昆虫感到反 感，不把昆虫当作一种可接受的食物解决方案。由此可推知，“人们头脑中的障碍” 指的是他们对昆虫食品的偏见。故选C项。
4. What is the author’s attitude toward the future of insect food？
A. Skeptical. B. Optimistic.
C. Indifferent. D. Cautious.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。最后一段中，作者以丹麦人对香肠中来自昆虫的色素并不在意为 例，说明销售昆虫食品的想法不是一个不切实际的梦想。这表明作者对昆虫食品的未 来持乐观态度。故选B项。(共36张PPT)
专题一　阅读理解
冲刺集训十三　C、D篇专练
集训1
A
　　（2025 吉安市高三教学质量检测）Rising sea levels， driven by global warming， are becoming greater at an alarming rate， putting coastal communities worldwide at risk. By 2050， experts predict that nearly 300 million people living in coastal areas will face annual flooding. Japan’s N-Ark hopes to fight against the impact of climate change with an innovative floating city.
　　Dogen City will measure roughly 1 mile in diameter and about 2.5 miles in circumference（周长）. The circular shape will protect people against tsunamis. The floating city will have a unique two-layer design. The top layer will house a self-sufficient sea city. The second undersea layer will feature a sea-cooled data center for city management， healthcare， and drug discovery.
　　Dogen City will be able to accommodate 10，000 people and up to 40，000 visitors at a time. The self-sufficient sea city will feature food production facilities， schools， hospitals， sports areas， offices， and parks. New farming technology will enable farmers there to produce up to 7，000 tons of food annually using seawater.
　　Additionally， locals and visitors alike will have access to the most advanced healthcare assessments and medical care. The ambitious plan also includes a special area to launch and land rockets for space tourism. The project’s designers have set an ambitious target of completing Dogen City by 2030. However， key details such as the location and cost of the project remain unannounced.
　　Dogen City is not the only floating city in the works. In 2022， the South Korean city of Busan also showed plans for a sustainable ocean city. When built， it will be able to house up to 100，000 people.
　　While these projects are still conceptual（概念的）， the Netherlands has been home to a thriving floating community since 2021. The innovative Schoonschip neighborhood consists of 46 homes across 30 water plots and is home to around 100 residents. Although relatively small， it is a promising model for building self-sufficient， eco-friendly floating cities.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了日本计划建造一个漂浮城市 Dogen City以应对气候变化对海平面上升的影响。
1. What does the first paragraph mainly talk about？
A. Global warming.
B. The impact of rising sea levels.
C. Coastal community development.
D. Population growth in coastal areas.
答案：B
解析：段落大意题。第一段提到，全球变暖导致海平面正以惊人的速度上升，使全球 沿海地区面临威胁，日本的N-Ark希望建造一个漂浮城市来应对海平面上升的影响。 本段主要谈论了海平面上升的影响。故选B项。
2. What is the primary purpose of Dogen City’s circular shape？
A. To maximize living space.
B. To improve transportation efficiency.
C. To increase appreciation of the beauty.
D. To provide protection against tsunamis.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The circular shape will protect people against tsunamis.”可知，该城市做成环形的主要目的是保护居民免遭海啸伤害。故选D项。
3. What can we know about the project from paragraph 4？
A. It’s facing strong opposition.
B. It has some unpublished key details.
C. It’s fully funded and ready to begin.
D. It’ll be completed ahead of schedule.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“However， key details such as the location and cost of the project remain unannounced.”可知，该城市的建设还有一些关键细节没有公 布。故选B项。
4. What makes the Dutch project different from the others mentioned？
A. It is larger than the other projects.
B. It is still in the planning stage.
C. It is already functioning with people living there.
D. It focuses mainly on eco-friendly energy.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“While these projects are still conceptual（概念 的）， the Netherlands has been home to a thriving floating community since 2021.”可 知，荷兰的漂浮社区Schoonschip已经正常运作并有人居住。故选C项。
B
　　（2025 吉安市六校协作体联合考试）The average American gets about 4，000 steps a day—but how much is enough？ According to a recent study of more than 72，000 people， getting in 9，000 to 10，000 daily steps cuts the risk of death by more than a third and reduced cardiovascular（心血管） disease risk by at least 20 percent， but even smaller increases showed benefits.
　　Ashley Goodwin， one of the study’s authors， says the study really builds on the evidence we already know about how walking can help lower cardiovascular risk and death. He found it especially amazing that the benefit differed so little between those who sat for long periods each day and those who sat less. “That’s really great because it drives home the message that simply walking a little bit more than you usually do is going to bring some health benefits， no matter where you’re starting from.”
　　Past research had shown that higher step counts are linked to better heart health and a longer life， and a separate body of research has shown the increased risks of cardiovascular disease and death associated with more sedentary（久坐） time. But this study brought those bodies of research together to learn if extra daily steps could offset（抵 消） the risks of sedentary behavior even in those who spend much of the day seated.
　　The results show that both highly sedentary and less sedentary people had statistically similar risk reductions from higher step counts. But the findings also reveal that the more steps people had per day， the more their risk of heart disease or death fell， up until about 9，000 to 9，700 daily steps for highly sedentary people.
　　In fact， highly sedentary people in the study began experiencing a heart benefit starting as low as 4，300 steps per day， when their risk of heart disease fell by 10 percent. Doubling that step counts to 9，700 steps a day doubled the benefit. Similarly， highly sedentary people began seeing a 20 percent reduced risk of death starting at 4，100 steps per day. Again， that benefit nearly doubled to 39 percent when their daily step counts increased to 9，000.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的有关“步行可以减少心 血管疾病和死亡风险”的研究发现。
5. What is newly found in the study？
A. Higher step counts are linked to a longer life.
B. Walking 10，000 steps a day is not suitable for everyone.
C. A small increase in people’s usual step counts is beneficial.
D. The average American gets around 4，000 steps each day.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段末句中的“getting in 9，000 to 10，000 daily steps cuts the risk of death by more than a third and reduced cardiovascular（心血管） disease risk by at least 20 percent， but even smaller increases showed benefits”可知，这项研究 的新发现是稍微增加人们平时的步数是有益的，故选C项。
6. What makes Goodwin surprised？
A. The more steps people get， the healthier they are.
B. Walking can treat cardiovascular diseases to some degree.
C. People can benefit from walking without walking too fast.
D. Walking has similar effect on sedentary people and active people.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He found it especially amazing that the benefit differed so little between those who sat for long periods each day and those who sat less.” 可知，让Goodwin感到惊奇的是走路对久坐不动的人和爱运动的人都有类似的效果， 故选D项。
7. What is one aim of the study？
A. To research how step counts differ from people to people.
B. To examine how walking can help lower cardiovascular risk.
C. To know whether extra daily steps offset the risks of being sedentary.
D. To check whether sedentary life can lead to increased risks of death.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段末句“But this study brought those bodies of research together to learn if extra daily steps could offset（抵消）the risks of sedentary behavior even in those who spend much of the day seated.”可知，研究的一个目的是了解每天增 加额外的走路步数是否可以抵消久坐行为带来的风险，故选C项。
8. What is the function of the figures in the last paragraph？
A. To list the recommended step counts.
B. To show the link between step counts and health.
C. To warn people of the harm of sedentary lifestyle.
D. To compare the steps of active people and inactive people.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。最后一段列出了人们每天走的步数和相应的心脏病及死亡风险下 降的幅度，由此推断，作者用数字来表明健康和步数之间的关系，故选B项。
集训2
A
　　A few days ago， I watched a video of myself talking in perfect Chinese. I’ve been studying the language on and off for only a few years， and I’m far from fluent. But there I was， pronouncing each character just as a native speaker would. “My favorite food is sushi，” I said—wo zui xihuan de shiwu shi shousi.
　　I’d created the video using software from a Los Angeles-based artificial intelligence （AI） start-up called HeyGen. The technology， which only needs a single selfie and a script to generate deepfake videos of real people “saying” almost anything， is a testament（证明） to the advancements in AI language tools. This got me thinking about the declining interest in language learning with fewer students enrolling in foreign language courses and the decrease of English proficiency among young people in some places.
　　AI translation， integrated into social media and messaging platforms， seems to be everywhere. Even language-learning apps are using AI-generated content in their marketing. However， language translation is an art rather than a science. Something enormous will be lost in exchange for that convenience. As Anne， a Chinese translator， said， “Building a ladder between widely different languages， such as Chinese and English， is sometimes as difficult as a doctor building a bridge in a patient’s heart.”
　　Language learning fosters cultural competency， a skill that AI cannot simply copy. Learning a different way to speak， read， and write helps people discover new ways to see the world. No machine can replace such a profoundly human experience. Deborah Cohn， a language professor， emphasizes that language learning is actually about understanding and connecting with different cultures. Instead of abandoning language courses in favor of AI， some educators advocate emphasizing the intercultural aspects of language learning. Paula Krebs of the MLA （Modern Language Association） points out that even with a “universal translator”， sometimes， the greater meaning of people’s utterance（言辞） remains a mystery.
　　In essence， while AI language tools offer convenience， they lack the depth and cultural insight that comes from human language learning. The challenge and beauty of learning a language are in understanding the cultural tapestry（丰富多彩） that weaves through words， something AI has yet to achieve.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学习一门语言能使人有效地 进行跨文化交流，人工智能语言工具为语言学习提供了便利，但它们缺乏人类语言学 习的深度和文化洞察力。
1. Why does the author give the example in paragraph 1？
A. To promote the language software.
B. To show off her Chinese language skills.
C. To prove learning a language is a wasted effort.
D. To encourage critical thinking about AI language tools.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。作者在第一段介绍了自己说中文的视频，然后在第二段开头具体 解释了该视频的制作方法以证明人工智能语言工具的进步，接着说“This got me thinking about the declining interest in language learning with fewer students enrolling in foreign language courses and the decrease of English proficiency among young people in some places.”。由此可知，该视频激发了作者对人工智能语言工具的批判性思考。故 选D项。
2. What can we learn from paragraph 3？
A. AI translation deserves more attention.
B. Language apps play a key role in marketing.
C. Language translation is far beyond technology.
D. Learning a different language is an uphill battle.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。第三段前两句讲人工智能翻译似乎无处不在；接着用However引 起转折，说明语言翻译是一项技能而不是一门科学。由此可知，语言翻译远远超出了 技术的范畴。故选C项。
3. What is the key benefit of learning a language according to the passage？
A. Better digital literacy.
B. Improved translation skills.
C. Deeper cultural confidence.
D. Effective intercultural interaction.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。第四段第一句讲语言学习培养文化能力，这是人工智能无法简单 复制的技能。根据第四段中Deborah Cohn强调的“language learning is actually about understanding and connecting with different cultures”可知，语言学习实际上是理解和接 触不同的文化。第四段还提到一些教育家主张强调语言学习的跨文化方面。综上可 知，学习一门语言的主要好处是能够使人们有效进行跨文化交流。故选D项。
4. What does the author imply in the last paragraph？
A. AI language tools offer convenience.
B. AI facilitates language learning in terms of culture.
C. AI is far from perfect in helping language understanding.
D. AI has achieved success in the development of language learning tools.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。最后一段提到，本质上，虽然人工智能语言工具提供了便利，但 它们缺乏人类语言学习的深度和文化洞察力，学习一门语言的挑战和美妙之处在于理 解穿插于文字间的文化多样性，这是人工智能尚未实现的。由此可知，人工智能在帮 助理解语言方面还远远不够完美。故选C项。
B
　　The gut ecosystem in the first few years of our lives is key to a lifetime of good health. The condition of the infant microbiome（微生物群系） can particularly be related to the risk of diseases years later， including malnutrition and diabetes. Thus， controlling the types of bacteria in the infant gut could help control disease risk and have long-term health benefits.
　　The team， led by Kana Yahagi， a microbiologist at Yakult Central Institute in Tokyo， Japan， is seeking to decode the genetic and metabolic（代谢的） mechanisms behind how the microbiome in the infant gut develops in critical stages of life by following a group of individuals over long periods， starting from birth.
　　In 2016， researchers at Yakult Central Institute showed for the first time the genetic mechanism behind the transformation over the first month after birth and found that a strain （菌株） of the beneficial bacteria—Bifidobacterium—unique to infants effectively used the sugars in breast milk. The strain has a gene responsible for producing proteins that import oligosaccharides from breast milk into the bacteria， where they are broken down and transformed into energy.
　　In a follow-up study on the same people in 2021， the researchers analyzed faecal（粪 便的） samples of healthy breast-fed infants over the first two years of their lives. They found that the infant microbiome developed in three stages， each dominated by a different group of bacteria： the first by Enterobacterales， the second by Bifidobacteriales and the third by Clostridiales. The discovery that all infants underwent these changes was unexpected， given the diversity in the adult microbiome， says Yahagi.
　　However， the timing of the second stage， when Bifidobacteriales became dominant， varied among infants. Some made the switch within several days after birth， but others only changed after six months. “There’s likely a time window in which infants should have certain types of microorganisms in their gut，” says Naoki Tsukuda， a microbiologist at Yakult Central Institute. “Maturing too late， or too early， both appear to increase disease risk. But what causes the individual differences？ We still have no idea now.”
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员对于婴儿肠道微生 物群系的研究，包括其与健康的关系、发展阶段以及研究发现和待解决的问题等。
5. What does the second paragraph talk about concerning the study？
A. The purpose.
B. The process.
C. The practical application.
D. The background information.
答案：A
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段中的“is seeking to decode the genetic and metabolic （代谢的）mechanisms behind how the microbiome in the infant gut develops in critical stages of life by following a group of individuals over long periods， starting from birth” 可知，该团队试图通过长期跟踪一组从出生开始的个体，来解码婴儿肠道微生物群落 在生命关键阶段发展背后的遗传和代谢机制，这是在说明研究的目的。故选A项。
6. What does the underlined word “they” refer to in paragraph 3？
A. Oligosaccharides. B. Bacteria.
C. Proteins. D. Genes.
答案：A
解析：代词指代题。根据第三段中的“The strain has a gene responsible for producing proteins that import oligosaccharides from breast milk into the bacteria， where they are broken down and transformed into energy.”可知，这种菌株有一种基因，负责产生蛋白 质，将母乳中的低聚糖输入细菌，在那里它们被分解并转化为能量。由此可知，they 指代的是前面提到的oligosaccharides，即低聚糖被从母乳中导入细菌后，在细菌中被 分解并转化为能量。故选A项。
7. What can we learn about the follow-up study？
A. The researchers made the discovery through sample analysis.
B. Every infant microbiome developed in three stages as expected.
C. The dominance of Bifidobacteriales occurred simultaneously in infants.
D. A strain of the beneficial bacteria unique to infants was found for the first time.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In a follow-up study on the same people in 2021， the researchers analyzed faecal（粪便的） samples of healthy breast-fed infants over the first two years of their lives.” 可知，研究人员是通过分析粪便样本进行后续研 究的。故选A项。
8. What may further research about infants microbiome focus on？
A. The diversity of microorganisms.
B. The benefits of breast milk to the gut ecosystem.
C. The exploration of more stages dominated by bacteria.
D. The reasons for the different timing of the second stage.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However， the timing of the second stage， when Bifidobacteriales became dominant， varied among infants.”和 “But what causes the individual differences？ We still have no idea now.”可 知，目前还不知道婴儿肠道微生物群落第二阶段时间差异的原因，所以后续研 究可能会集中精力在这方面。故选D项。(共24张PPT)
专题一　阅读理解
冲刺集训十一　文学与艺术类
集训1　优质模拟题
A
　　（2025 衢州、丽水、湖州三地市高三教学质量检测）Keira Knightley， a British actress， has undeniably left an indelible mark on the film industry. With her strikingly delicate yet expressive features， she is famed for roles in films like Pirates of the Caribbean series and Atonement， starting her acting career at a young age and achieving significant success in the film industry. But she may have gotten her start in Hollywood too early.
　　At age 16， the London-born actress appeared in the unexpected 2002 box-office hit Bend It Like Beckham. She soon found herself in near-constant demand， in both the U. K. and the U. S. “I had a five-year period between the ages of 17 and 21－ish， and I’m never going to have that kind of success again，” says Knightley， now 39. Knightley admits that this period of intense success is unlikely to happen again. She also expresses her sadness about the loss of privacy during her teenage years， “It’s very cruel to have your privacy taken away in your teenage years.”
　　Reflecting on her role in 2003’s Love Actually， she considers it inappropriate for her age. In one scene， her newly married character opens the front door to her husband’s best friend， played by Andrew Lincoln， then 30， who conveys his love to her with a series of cue cards. Moved as she is， in the end， she rejects his love. While filming the scene， director Richard Curtis told her to stop reacting as if the gesture was inappropriate. “And I’m like， ‘but it is quite strange.’ Also， I knew I was 17. It only seems like a few years ago that everybody else realized I was 17.”
　　Having started acting professionally at 6， Knightley is hesitant to let her daughters， aged 9 and 5， follow the same path. Interestingly， they haven’t shown an inclination either. “One wants to be a sweet-shop owner，” she says. “The other one a bear. I don’t think that’s going to work， but personally speaking， premature fame is not necessarily a good thing.”
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了英国女演员凯拉 奈特莉的 演艺生涯及她对过去角色的看法。
1. What film made Knightley unexpectedly popular？
A. Pirates of the Caribbean.
B. Atonement.
C. Bend It Like Beckham.
D. Love Actually.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At age 16， the London-born actress appeared in the unexpected 2002 box-office hit Bend It Like Beckham.”可知，《我爱贝克汉姆》这 部电影让奈特莉意外走红。故选C项。
2. Why did Knightley feel uncomfortable in her scene in Love Actually？
A. It misrepresented young love.
B. It didn’t match her acting style.
C. It stressed the age gap with the actor.
D. It was a bit mature for her young age.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Reflecting on her role in 2003’s Love Actually， she considers it inappropriate for her age.”可知，奈特莉在《真爱至上》中的场景让她 感到不舒服是因为这对她当时的年龄来说有点成熟。故选D项。
3. What made Knightley unwilling for her daughters to be actresses？
A. The same repetitive life.
B. Her first-hand experience.
C. Their lack of acting skills.
D. The competitive film industry.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“She also expresses her sadness about the loss of privacy during her teenage years”及最后一段中的“Having started acting professionally at 6， Knightley is hesitant to let her daughters， aged 9 and 5， follow the same path.”可 知，是自己的亲身经历使她不愿意让女儿当演员。故选B项。
4. Where is the text probably from？
A. A book review. B. A magazine.
C. A drama script. D. An autobiography.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了英国女演员凯拉 奈特莉的 演艺生涯、对过去角色的看法以及她对女儿未来职业的态度。这种类型的内容 通常出现在杂志上，用于介绍名人的生活和观点。据此可知，文章可能来自一 本杂志。故选B项。
B
　　（2025 厦门市高中毕业班第二次质量检测）In the tough neighborhoods of Rio de Janeiro， Brazil， Jeroen Koolhaas and Dre Urhahn completed some of their most innovative street paintings. Koolhaas and Urhahn met as university students and began working together professionally when Koolhaas was making a documentary film about hip- hop in Brazil’s favelas—the informal， urban neighborhoods in which many of Brazil’s very low-income families live. While visiting these favelas， famous for their crime and drug problems， the artists saw something different—potential. What if they could paint the old houses and dirty buildings and turn them into art？
　　Most favelas in Brazil were built by the people who live in them as they moved to the cities in search of work. They were built without any of the planning that makes cities functional and attractive. Koolhaas and Urhahn wanted to do their paintings in the same way the favelas were built， using local people to paint and letting the paintings be created without too much planning. First， they started spending a lot of time in Vila Cruzeiro， a favela neighborhood. As local residents became excited about the project， Koolhaas and Urhahn began hiring local workers to paint the houses they selected. They worked for 18 months， and the result was colorful neighborhood paintings that cover dozens of buildings.
　　Critics of Koolhaas and Urhahn’s art project say that painting such troubled neighborhoods does not address the real problems they face. Koolhaas and Urhahn agree. They don’t expect a painting to solve complex social and economic issues. However， they believe that bringing colorful art into disadvantaged neighborhoods does something else. It inspires the local residents and gives them pride in their community. It changes attitude.
　　So Koolhaas and Urhahn will continue to bring art to troubled communities. They have worked in Haiti and Curacao and receive emails from interested cities every week. They hope their work will encourage kids to pursue creative careers.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Koolhaas和Urhahn在巴西贫 民窟进行街头艺术创作的过程及其对社区的积极影响。
5. What made Koolhaas and Urhahn decide to paint the streets？
A. A documentary film.
B. A visit to favelas.
C. Their painting experience.
D. Their interest in hip-hop.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“While visiting these favelas， famous for their crime and drug problems， the artists saw something different—potential. What if they could paint the old houses and dirty buildings and turn them into art？”可知，是参观贫民 窟的经历让Koolhaas和Urhahn决定在街道上作画。故选B项。
6. What is a feature of the art project in Vila Cruzeiro？
A. Color matching. B. Local participation.
C. House rebuilding. D. Resident relocation.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“using local people to paint and letting the paintings be created without too much planning”和“Koolhaas and Urhahn began hiring local workers to paint the houses they selected”可知，Koolhaas和Urhahn让当地人参与 绘画，让绘画在没有太多计划的情况下创作出来。据此可知，Vila Cruzeiro艺术项目 的特点是当地居民的参与。故选B项。
7. What do Koolhaas and Urhahn think of their efforts？
A. They develop the residents’ techniques of art.
B. They settle the social and economic problems.
C. They awaken a positive feeling to the community.
D. They draw official attention to disadvantaged areas.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“It inspires the local residents and gives them pride in their community. It changes attitude.”可知，Koolhaas和Urhahn认为他们的努力 唤醒了社区居民的积极情感。故选C项。
8. Which can best describe Koolhaas and Urhahn’s project？
A. Creative and highly-sought.
B. Influential and kid-centered.
C. Economical and time-consuming.
D. Complex and trouble-making.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“They have worked in Haiti and Curacao and receive emails from interested cities every week. They hope their work will encourage kids to pursue creative careers.”可知，Koolhaas和Urhahn的项目既有创意又 备受追捧。故选A项。
集训2　外刊原创题
　　Last year I painted pictures of my panic attacks. I couldn’t find the words to describe what I’d felt， stuffed into a tube train like a squashed（压扁的） sardine. I’d traveled in the rush hour before， yet I’d never experienced terror like this. I didn’t understand why. Suddenly， I was suffering in this way and I was willing to try pretty much anything to make things better. And so， after becoming frustrated by my inability to put words to what I was feeling， I turned to art therapy.
　　“Art therapy is a form of psychotherapy that uses art media as its primary mode of communication，” says Val Huet， an art therapist. It’s not meant only for children or arty types who are skilled in drawing and painting. Nor is it unnecessary for those who are used to expressing themselves with words.
　　“Art therapy isn’t just for people who can’t use language in a sophisticated way， such as children who have to face upsetting things without the adequate vocabulary to express it，” says Huet. “It also helps those who are too good with words and can use language as a fantastic defence. In some circumstances， we also edit our feelings to ourselves and get completely cut off from our true emotions—and end up acting in a way that surprises or distresses us.” Had been cutting myself off from my need for more rest， relaxation and space？ The imagery I created told me I had.
　　Alice Joiner is a 23-year-old fine arts student who developed an eating disorder and body dysmorphia（畸形） in her teens. “Both of my parents had been incredibly unwell before then，” she says. “I had a broken heart and didn’t know why. I took
self-photographs as I felt wrong in my body， confused and traumatized. In talking therapy， I feared talking and having an anxiety attack. From the positions， places and my facial expressions in the photos， I learned things， similar to how one learns in drawing by questioning shape and color choices.”
　　It’s in this manner that using the arts in therapy， be it music， poetry， dancing， painting， drawing or any other artistic medium that you can think of can be magical.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了艺术疗法的作用。作者通过 自己和另一位患有饮食失调症和身体畸形恐惧症女孩的案例，说明艺术能帮助人们表 达难以言喻的情感，揭示内心的真实需求，并促进自我认知与康复，强调艺术在心理 治疗中的独特价值。
1. Why did the author turn to art therapy？
A. He was attacked in a tube train.
B. He had no idea for his writing.
C. He failed to describe feelings.
D. He felt frustrated in the rush hour.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段尤其是最后一句可知，作者无法用语言描述自己的感 受，故选择了艺术疗法。故选C项。
2. What can we infer from Huet’s words about art therapy in paragraph 3？
A. It requires advanced artistic skills.
B. It focuses on the physical healing.
C. It is superior to talking therapy.
D. It reconnects us with our true emotions.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中Huet的话可知，艺术疗法不仅适用于言语表达受阻 的人，还适用于擅于用语言掩饰情感的人。在某些情况下，我们甚至会对自己编辑情 感，完全与真实情绪脱节。由此可推知，艺术疗法可以让我们与自己的真实情感建立 联系。故选D项。
3. Why does the author mention Alice Joiner’s story？
A. To compare different types of therapy.
B. To show the limitations of talking therapy.
C. To prove the effectiveness of art therapy.
D. To emphasize the importance of photography.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。作者在第四段讲述了Alice Joiner的故事，她患有饮食失调症和身 体畸形恐惧症，谈话治疗并不能帮助她；当她觉得自己身体不对劲时，她给自己拍照 并从照片中学到了一些东西，就像在绘画中通过质疑形状和颜色的选择来学习一样。 这个故事是为了证明艺术疗法的有效性。故选C项。
4. What is the best title for the text？
A. The Origin of Art Treatments
B. The Power of Art Therapy
C. The Forms of Art Therapy
D. The Applied Fields of Arts
答案：B
解析：标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了艺术疗法的作用，作者通过自己和Alice Joiner的 案例，说明了艺术疗法可以帮助人们表达难以用语言描述的情绪，具有神奇的力量， 能够触及人们内心深处真实的情感。B项最适合作本文标题。故选B项。(共25张PPT)
专题一　阅读理解
冲刺集训六　记叙文
集训1　优质模拟题
A
　　（2025 郑州市第二次质量检测）Duncan Jurman became interested in butterflies when he was around 5 years old. He noticed a couple of caterpillars（毛虫） in his backyard and was attracted by the different ways that caterpillars can disguise（伪装） themselves to stay safe in potentially dangerous surroundings. From there， he started to learn more about caterpillars and butterflies.
　　Jurman believes that butterflies play a crucial role in our ecosystems. They’re very low on the food web， so they support a lot of different species that rely on them. They’re an indicator species for the health of the environment. Once they disappear， everything else is soon to follow.
　　Jurman’s goal is to transform the landscape of Florida’s Broward County by turning a weedy suburb into a lively butterfly reserve at a time when insect populations are decreasing quickly worldwide. Jurman believes that every flower planted is a potential home and source of food for caterpillars and butterflies. He eventually developed a butterfly-friendly garden in his backyard by researching the different plants that butterflies prefer. He has already raised and released more than 5，000 butterflies from his garden.
　　Jurman also launched the Bring Butterflies Back campaign to educate people about butterflies and invite them to join his cause of protecting butterflies. He said that a lot of people are surprised to learn that insects are declining at such an alarming rate， largely because the decline has been so gradual. This phenomenon helps to explain why people are unwilling to take meaningful actions to save the environment.
　　In 2018， Jurman helped to build a butterfly garden at his high school. The garden has had a regenerative effect on the surrounding environment—birds， native lizards， and other insects have returned in great numbers. Other schools have been inspired to start gardens. “I don’t know if we can ever reach the point that we were once at with butterflies， but I think that if everyone gets involved and starts their own garden， they can make their own impact，” Jurman said.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Duncan Jurman在保护蝴蝶 方面的努力，包括发起“让蝴蝶回归”的运动，在他的后院开发了一个蝴蝶友好型的 花园，在他学校建立蝴蝶花园等。他还呼吁人们都参与到蝴蝶保护中来。
1. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about？
A. The food chain of insects.
B. The competition between species.
C. The potential danger to butterflies.
D. The vital role of butterflies in nature.
答案：D
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，首句“Jurman believes that butterflies play a crucial role in our ecosystems.”为段落主旨句，后面内容都是对这一句话的解释。所 以本段主要讲述了蝴蝶在自然中的重要角色。故选D项。
2. Why did Jurman create a butterfly-friendly garden？
A. To teach people about butterflies.
B. To study butterflies’ favorite plants.
C. To increase the number of butterflies.
D. To improve the beauty of his backyard.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段可知Jurman的目标是改变佛罗里达州布劳沃德 县的景观，在全世界昆虫数量迅速减少的时候，把杂草丛生的郊区变成一个蝴 蝶保护区。他最终在他的后院创建了一个蝴蝶友好型的花园。他已经在自己的 花园里饲养并放飞了5 000多只蝴蝶。所以可以推测他创建蝴蝶友好型的花园是 为了增加蝴蝶数量。故选C项。
3. Which shows the phenomenon mentioned in the text？
A. People’s unawareness of environmental changes.
B. The impact of human activities on insect habitats.
C. The rapid decline of butterfly populations worldwide.
D. The process of transforming natural landscapes into reserves.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，Jurman说许多人发现昆虫数量正以惊人速 度减少时是很惊讶的，主要是因为下降是逐渐的，这种现象帮助解释为什么人们不愿 意采取重大行动保护环境。所以推断文中提到的现象是人们没有注意到自然环境的变 化。故选A项。
4. What can be inferred from Jurman’s words in the last paragraph？
A. More gardens are built to increase the number of other insects.
B. Jurman is pessimistic about the future of the butterfly population.
C. It’s impossible to restore butterflies’ population to their previous levels.
D. People’s joint efforts can have a great impact on the butterfly population.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段Jurman说的话“I think that if everyone gets involved and starts their own garden， they can make their own impact”可推知，人们的共同努力 可以对蝴蝶种群产生很大的影响。故选D项。
B
　　（2025 北京市海淀区第一学期期末）On a brisk October morning， with 20 pounds of gear on my back， I hiked up a steep， rocky trail. With each step， I felt my throat tighter and my lungs heave.
　　This was an experiment. Growing up， my family’s annual “hikes” often left me weeping with exhaustion after only 2 miles. Decades later， I wondered， at the ripe age of 26， could I learn to love the outdoors？ I decided to start in the deep end with this hiking.
　　Prepared with weeks of exercise， I joined my group at the trailhead near the city border. An hour after setting off， I fell behind， not sure if I could make it. Frank， my hiking companion， slowed down to accompany me.
　　“Look at the sky， the trees！” he exclaimed.
　　Wheezing， I stopped to crane my neck. Nature in all its magnificence chose to show off. The wind whistled， rustling the yellow canopy overhead. Continuing on， I made it a point to stop and look around every few minutes.
　　Three hours later， we reached our campsite， a vast grassy area. Frank guided me through putting up my tent， a small victory after a challenging morning. We then sought our only water source， Sunfish Pond. Much to my annoyance， I repeatedly lost my footing and returned to camp after countless falls.
　　At camp， I built a fire using only flint（火石）sticks. My cheap sleeping pad kept losing air， and my sleeping bag did little to keep the cold air out. Around 2 a.m. I tore up in frustration and lay sleepless. However， emerging from my tent into the misty morning， I felt my mood lifted. Autumn seemed to have kicked in overnight and the leaves glowed. I ate breakfast of instant noodles and then joined the others， sharing intimate thoughts I usually kept hidden.
　　Back at the trailhead where we started， my friend asked what we were grateful for. I piped up about the vulnerable and funny conversations I’d enjoyed with fellow hikers—and the space to reflect. The forest and its temporary dwellers had convinced me I was capable of much more than I thought possible.
　　Did the experiment work？ Memories of that sleepless， freezing night might give me pause before I crawl into a tent again. But that doesn’t mean I’m away from the woods completely. I returned to New York smelly and sore， but when I stepped off the bus into the city’s hustle and bustle， I also felt an unexpected calm.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在一次充满挑战的徒步 露营中，从最初的痛苦不适到最终获得心灵成长和自我发现的故事。
5. Why did the author decide to go on a hiking trip？
A. To improve his physical health.
B. To escape from the fast-paced city life.
C. To explore his potential for the outdoors.
D. To revisit a childhood passion for hiking.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Decades later， I wondered， at the ripe age of 26， could I learn to love the outdoors？ I decided to start in the deep end with this hiking.”可知，作者决定去徒步旅行是为了探索他在户外活动的潜力。故选C项。
6. Which best describes the author’s emotional journey？
①amazed ②doubtful ③annoyed
④peaceful ⑤uplifted
A. ③②⑤①④ B. ②①③⑤④
C. ②③①④⑤ D. ③④②①⑤
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Decades later， I wondered， at the ripe age of 26， could I learn to love the outdoors？”可知，②“怀疑”排序第一，故排除A、D两 项；根据最后一段中的“I returned to New York smelly and sore， but when I stepped off the bus into the city’s hustle and bustle， I also felt an unexpected calm.”可知，④“平 静”排序第五，故排除C项。故作者的情感历程是怀疑、惊讶、恼火、振奋和平静。 故选B项。
7. What has the author learned from the experience？
A. Success lies in self-acceptance.
B. Wilderness heals a broken heart.
C. Small setbacks lead to great achievements.
D. Nature gives more than expected.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The forest and its temporary dwellers had convinced me I was capable of much more than I thought possible.”和最后一段中的“I also felt an unexpected calm”可知，作者从这次经历中学到了大自然给予的比预期的 要多。故选D项。
集训2　外刊原创题
　　Nicole Killian was preoccupied before hearing of the hurricane. First， she worried about safety and checked on neighbors and family. Then she thought about repairs， bills， and about when tourists would return for people to work. Among these human concerns， it’s tough to remember the natural world， even for Killian， a conservationist and naturalist who earns a living by sharing Florida’s west coast waterways.
　　But then there was that dolphin.
　　A week after Hurricane Milton hit Englewood， a dolphin was tangled in a dislodged （被冲走的） crab trap near the boat launch where Nicole Killian kept equipment for her business. A team tried to free it. As biologists worked to save and release the dolphin into Lemon Bay， Killian and her husband knew they needed to do something. “We had always known we wanted to help clean up the waterway，” she says. “But after hearing about the dolphin， we knew we needed to act fast.”
　　The mangroves（红树林） Killian guides tourists through were filled with plastic bags， drywall， and splintered two-by-fours. Mangroves are the ecosystem’s natural filter. But the Killians recognized that in this situation， the plants needed assistance. So they decided to organize a group to paddle along the banks of Lemon Bay and remove trash. “We decided to call it Waterway Warriors，” she says. “Because we need an army of environmentalists to help.”
　　Cleaning up mangroves isn’t straightforward. The volunteers pulled out propane tanks and metal sheeting， dock remnants and crab traps. “Everybody was happy to be there and glad somebody was doing something，” one volunteer says. “There was a lot of laughter， a lot of smiles and a lot of triumph.”
　　Indeed， an unnerving phenomenon occurs with hurricanes， Killian’s husband says. Some people’s lives are turned upside down， with ruined homes and lost jobs. Others are just fine. In a tight-knit community like this one， where neighbors know one another， that can leave survivors’ guilt and deep desire to help. The Waterway Warriors cleanups turned out to be as much for the people as they are for the mangroves and the other creatures that live in the area. “We’ve learned we’re a strong community，” Ms Killian says. “We’ve learned that people want to help.”
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了飓风过后，Nicole Killian与 丈夫组织“水道战士”志愿活动，清理红树林并救助受困动物的故事，展现了社区团 结互助的精神，同时强调环境保护对生态和人类的重要性。
1. What motivated the Killians to organize Waterway Warriors？
A. The requirements for coastal protection.
B. The active rescue of a trapped dolphin.
C. The need to restore tourism in the area.
D. The tourists’ complaints about polluted waters.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句和第三句可知，在听说了生物学家努力拯救因 飓风而被卡在捕蟹笼里的一只海豚时，Killian和她的丈夫意识到需要迅速行动起来， 为水道做一些事情，故是人们对被困海豚的积极救援促使这对夫妇组织了“水道战 士”的行动。故选B项。
2. Why did Nicole Killian name their cleanup group “Waterway Warriors”？
A. To promote the development of local tourism.
B. To highlight the urgency of the situation.
C. To emphasize the need for more volunteers.
D. To fight against the occurrence of hurricanes.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句Killian的话可知，她将这个清理小组命名为 “水道战士”是因为他们需要一群环保主义者来帮忙；再结合第五段提到的志愿者们 在帮助清理水道时所付出的努力可知，这个名字是在强调他们需要更多的志愿者。故 选C项。
3. What is one of the unexpected results of the project？
A. The rapid recovery of the local economy.
B. The improvement of community unity.
C. The discovery of new species in the waterways.
D. The development of new tourism opportunities.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“that can leave survivors’ guilt and deep desire to help”以及“The Waterway Warriors cleanups turned out to be as much for the people as they are for the mangroves and the other creatures that live in the area. ‘We’ve learned we’re a strong community，’ Ms Killian says. ‘We’ve learned that people want to help.’”可知，飓风过后，社区里的幸存者会有强烈的愿望去帮助他人，“水道战 士”清理行动对这些人们犹如他们对红树林以及其他生物一样意义重大，通过清理行 动，社区里的人们意识到他们是一个团体并愿意互相帮助。由此可推知，这个项目还 让社区里的人们更加团结。故选B项。
4. What does the text mainly discuss？
A. The serious impact of hurricanes.
B. The mangrove conservation methods.
C. The human-nature relationships.
D. The community-driven cleanup efforts.
答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了Killian夫妇为保护环境和海洋生物，发起了“水 道战士”行动，组织志愿者清理柠檬湾岸边的垃圾，不仅清理了环境，还增强了社区 的凝聚力。故本文主要讲述了社区驱动的清理工作。故选D项。(共27张PPT)
专题一　阅读理解
冲刺集训七　说明文
集训1　优质模拟题
A
　　（2025 宿州市高三教学质量检测）Have you ever felt lost for words at a party， an interview or even on a date？ If you don’t mind your conversation appearing a little unnatural while wearing strange eyeglasses， 22-year-old Bryan Chiang may offer you a remedy.
　　In March， Stanford University student Chiang gathered a group of friends to code a software over a few hours on a Saturday. Armed with an augmented reality or AR（增强现 实）eyepiece and a laptop， the group produced RizzGPT， a software that uses ChatGPT to generate human-like conversations from user prompts（提示）.
　　The open source AR monocle（单片眼镜）Chiang used was designed by Brilliant Labs and features a camera， a microphone and an internal projector screen which displays words. Chiang and his friends coded RizzGPT to monitor conversations using the microphone， transform them into text and relay them to ChatGPT over Wi-Fi to generate a response， which then appears on the monocle screen after a short delay.
　　“RizzGPT basically uses AI to help you on demand， so it listens to your current ongoing conversation and tells you exactly what to say next，” said Chiang. Chiang was quick to stress that his device still had some problems which could make text difficult for ChatGPT to read and that the 5－second time delay could make users feel a little awkward.
　　“RizzGPT isn’t intended to replace conversations. It’s mostly like a passion， a personal kind of project. And the goal here is not to commercialize it into a product immediately， but just to show people new ways of interacting with rapidly advancing technology，” Chiang said. “It’s really just meant to inspire you， not to tell you exactly what to say. I think in that role it could be incredibly helpful for people who struggle with social anxiety and have difficulty talking to others.”
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的学生Chiang聚 集了一群朋友来编码软件。该小组使用AR眼镜和笔记本电脑，开发了RizzGPT，该软 件使用ChatGPT来从用户提示中产生类似人类的对话，这对于那些有社交焦虑症的人 来说可能会非常有帮助。
1. What does the underlined word “remedy” in paragraph 1 mean？
A. Warning. B. Limit.
C. License. D. Solution.
答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Have you ever felt lost for words at a party， an interview or even on a date？”和下文“a software that uses ChatGPT to generate human- like conversations from user prompts（提示）”可知，Bryan Chiang和团队使用增强现 实眼镜和笔记本电脑，开发出了RizzGPT软件，该软件利用ChatGPT从用户提示中生 成类似人类的对话，这能让你在一些场合不知道说什么时给你一些提示。由此可知， Bryan Chiang提供了一种解决方法，来解决人们在一些场合时不知道说什么的状况， 据此推断，画线单词意为“解决方法”。故选D项。
2. Which aspect of RizzGPT does paragraph 3 focus on？
A. Research background.
B. Development potential.
C. Working principles.
D. Application fields.
答案：C
解析：段落大意题。第三段讲到，Chiang所使用的开源AR单目镜是由Brilliant Labs设 计的，它配备了摄像头、麦克风和一个内置的投影显字屏幕。Chiang和他的朋友们编 写了RizzGPT代码，利用麦克风监控对话，将其转换为文本，并通过Wi-Fi传送给 ChatGPT以响应，然后响应内容会在单目镜的屏幕上经过短暂延迟后显示出来。据此 可知，本段主要介绍了RizzGPT的工作原理。故选C项。
3. What problem does RizzGPT have？
A. It makes listeners awkward.
B. It can’t respond immediately.
C. It can’t understand user prompts.
D. It fails to monitor ongoing conversations.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Chiang was quick to stress that his device still had some problems which could make text difficult for ChatGPT to read and that the 5 －second time delay could make users feel a little awkward.”可知，RizzGPT的问题是它 无法立即给出回应。故选B项。
4. Why did Chiang develop RizzGPT？
A. To share his passion for interaction.
B. To spread rapidly advancing technology.
C. To promote commercialization of technology.
D. To benefit those with communication problems.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I think in that role it could be incredibly helpful for people who struggle with social anxiety and have difficulty talking to others.”可推知， Chiang开发RizzGPT是为了使有沟通问题的人受益。故选D项。
B
　　Some of the world’s 7，000 languages disappear annually and many are endangered for not being spoken widely in formal settings like schools. A quiet fightback is under way in communities that feel their traditions are drowned out by the dominance of the most globally spoken languages.
　　Tochi Precious， a Nigerian， says， “It pains me to see a language dying out， because it’s not just about the language， but about the history and culture associated with it.” It was the community aspect that brought her to join efforts to save Igbo， an endangered African language. Ensuring there’s a substantial record of words and meanings， and how it is written and used is key， according to campaigners like Precious， who aids others in their languages’ protection through the organization Wikitongues.
　　Amrit Sufi， an Indian speaking Angika， records videos and uploads them to preserve its oral culture via Wikitongues， too. “It’s urgent to document it and make it accessible， not just storing it in a library，” she says. “Oral culture is disappearing as new generations are more subject to consuming industry-produced music rather than sitting in groups and singing. They’re ashamed to speak it due to perceived dishonor attached to it， seeing Angika beneath dominant languages.”
　　Wikitongues focuses on helping document languages using collective resources such as dictionaries and alternative-language Wikipedia entries. Wikipedia is favored by language activists as a way to upload data on to the media and build effective and affordable dictionaries.
　　There are moves to use artificial intelligence to document languages by processing texts and feeding them into chatbots. Many activists create books， videos and munity radio stations also have a long record of providing services in local languages. Despite such preservation， activists then have to persuade people to use a language—a major challenge.
　　“While Igbo is one of Nigeria’s largest languages， parents believe only English is useful for children’s future， insisting that if they don’t speak English， they appear ignorant and don’t belong，” Precious says. “But efforts to save it have worked—the language is flowering again.”
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了世界上每年都有语言消失， 众多语言濒危。Wikitongues及活动家们通过多种方式保护语言，虽然面临人们偏好主 流语言等难题，但伊博语的保护已取得成效。
5. How do Precious and Sufi help prevent language loss？
A. Through national programs.
B. By word of mouth.
C. Through mass music formats.
D. Through Internet technology.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段和第四段可知，Precious通过Wikitongues组织帮助保 护语言，Wikitongues利用词典和其他语言的维基百科条目等集体资源来记录语言；根 据第三段可知，Sufi录制视频并通过Wikitongues上传，以保存Angika的口头文化。 Precious和Sufi的活动都借助了互联网技术。故选D项。
6. What can be the reason for the downfall of Angika according to Sufi？
A. Decline in population.
B. Lack of job-market demands.
C. Prejudice against Angika.
D. Absence of formal education.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They’re ashamed to speak it due to perceived dishonor attached to it， seeing Angika beneath dominant languages.”可知，新一代人觉 得说Angika这种语言有失体面，认为它不如占主导地位的语言，所以羞于说这种语 言。由此可知，对Angika的偏见是其衰落的原因。故选C项。
7. What is the toughest thing facing activists about an endangered language？
A. Promoting its use.
B. Building community cooperation.
C. Obtaining financial support.
D. Getting advanced recording devices.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Despite such preservation， activists then have to persuade people to use a language—a major challenge.”可知，尽管有这样的保 护，但活动家们还必须说服人们使用一种语言，这是一个重大挑战。由此可知，对于 濒危语言，活动家们面临的最大难题是推广其使用。故选A项。
8. What is Precious’s attitude towards the Igbo rescue move？
A. Skeptical. B. Positive.
C. Pessimistic. D. Uncaring.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But efforts to save it have worked—the language is flowering again.”可知，拯救它的努力取得了成效——这种语言再次繁 荣。因此可推断出，Precious对伊博语的救援行动持积极态度。故选B项。
集训2　外刊原创题
　　A skilled card player—eyes hidden by dark shades and features kept as still as possible—looks at their hand. Any small giveaway would make them lose the card game. Sometimes it helps to have a “poker face”.
　　Yet in day-to-day life—when socializing with family， friends and new acquaintances—you might be better served letting your features fly free.
　　In our study， 52 people were filmed in an online social interaction with a researcher who posed as another participant. These dialogues were played out over a video platform， so people could see one another’s face. Undiscovered to the real participants， the researcher orchestrated various challenging social scenarios， such as telling an awful joke or demanding 80 percent of a reward in a negotiation（谈判）. These situations mimicked everyday experiences， such as social conflict， embarrassment or an attempt to make a good impression.
　　Interestingly， more agreeable， extraverted or neurotic people were more facially expressive. People with these personality traits may devote more time and energy to social interactions. After these interactions， the participants and their social partners rated how much they liked each other—as did 176 other participants who viewed video clips of these people. The pattern was clear： People who were more facially expressive were more liked by others.
　　But why would facial expressivity improve someone’s ability to build social bonds？ After their social interaction， more facially expressive participants were indeed broadcasting what was on their mind through their face. And people viewing these videos thought the expressive participants appeared easier to read， giving others a sense that they understand you， which they like. So the key function of facial expressivity is to make us more predictable.
　　Our work also underscores that facial expressions do far more than just communicate emotions and that likability tracks with expressivity and not a particular emotion. Furthermore， participants’ level of expressivity didn’t change across situations or with different social partners， even as the specific emotions involved shifted. This suggests that facial expressivity is a consistent trait of an individual rather than something that changes depending on the context.
　　So for now， we think it’s best to leave your poker face at the card table.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，表情丰富的人更受人们的喜爱， 因其能传递内心状态，增加可预测性和理解感。面部表达是一种稳定特质，不会因外 界因素变化而改变。
1. What does a “poker face” refer to？
A. A friendly and approachable attitude.
B. A sign of being overly nervous or anxious.
C. A method of emphasizing personal opinions.
D. A lack of expression to hide emotions.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段可知，技艺娴熟的纸牌玩家戴墨镜遮挡眼睛，并尽可 能保持面部不动，因为任何细微的表情泄露都可能让他们输牌，所以有时需要有一张 “扑克脸”。这表明“扑克脸”指的是不外露脸部表情以隐藏情绪。
2. Why did the researcher include challenging social scenarios in experiments？
A. To measure participants’ emotional stability.
B. To simulate real-life social interactions.
C. To test the effect of specific emotions.
D. To analyze the differences of personality traits.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，研究人员安排的这些具有挑战性的社 交场景是为了模仿日常经历，如社交冲突、尴尬或试图给人留下好印象，即现实生活 中的社交互动。
3. How does facial expressivity contribute to likability？
A. It reveals people’s intense emotions.
B. It makes people seem more relatable.
C. It improves social intelligence.
D. It prevents misunderstandings.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段第二句和第三句可知，面部表情丰富的参与者通过面 部表达出他们的想法，观看这些视频的人认为这些表情丰富的参与者更容易被读懂， 给别人一种他们理解你的感觉，而他们喜欢这种感觉。由此可推知，它让人们更有亲 和力，能产生共鸣。
4. What do we know about facial expressivity？
A. It differs in various situations.
B. It is adjustable with different social partners.
C. It is a stable characteristic of a person.
D. It reflects a certain specific emotion.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句和第三句可知，参与者的表情丰富程度不 会因为不同情况或不同的社交伙伴而发生改变。由此可推知，面部表达是一个人稳定 的特征。(共24张PPT)
专题一　阅读理解
冲刺集训九　科学发明与创新类
集训1　优质模拟题
A
　　（2025 河南省开封市杞县高三下学期检测）Astronomers have searched for years for rocky planets outside our solar system. They finally found one with an atmosphere. Scientists believe that a rocky planet with an atmosphere is key to sustaining life. But the planet that astronomers found offers no hope for life. Its surface is made up of molten（熔 化的）rocks. The planet orbits extremely close to its star. The star is less bright and smaller than our own.
　　Researchers recently called the planet a “Super-Earth”. It is a rocky world much larger than our planet but smaller than the gas giant in our solar system， Neptune（海王 星）.
　　Observations using two devices aboard the James Webb Space Telescope suggest there is an atmosphere. But the atmosphere may not be able to support life. It could be continuously filled up by gases that large areas of molten rocks release.
　　The atmosphere is likely rich in carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide， but can also have other gases such as water vapor and sulfur dioxide. Current observations cannot tell what the exact atmospheric makeup is. The Webb data also did not make clear the thickness of the atmosphere. It could be as thick as Earth’s or even thicker than that of Venus. Venus has a poisonous atmosphere that is the thickest in our solar system.
　　The planet is called 55 Cancri e. Scientists also call it Janssen. It is about 8.8 times more massive than Earth and about two times as wide. It orbits its star at one－25th the distance between our solar system’s innermost planet Mercury（水星）and the sun. As a result， its surface temperature is about 1，725 degrees Celsius.
　　One side of the planet probably always faces its star. Four other planets， all gas giants， are known to orbit the same star. The planet is found in our Milky Way galaxy， about 41 light years from Earth. A light year is the distance light travels in a year， or 9.5 trillion kilometers.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家利用詹姆斯 韦伯太 空望远镜发现了一颗名为55 Cancri e的“超级地球”，虽然该行星具有大气层，但因 极高的温度和熔岩表面并不适合生命生存。
1. What can we know about the “Super-Earth”？
A. It’s about the size of Earth.
B. It has the same air as Earth.
C. It might support life in the future.
D. It contains rocks and an atmosphere.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They finally found one with an atmosphere.”及 第二段中的“It is a rocky world much larger than our planet but smaller than...”可知，这 颗“超级地球”含有岩石和大气层。故选D项。
2. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about？
A. The planet’s position in the universe.
B. The planet’s history of development.
C. The planet’s information of atmosphere.
D. The planet’s similarity to Earth.
答案：C
解析：段落大意题。第四段主要介绍了关于“超级地球”大气层的信息，包括可能富 含的气体成分、目前观测无法确定的大气层确切组成以及大气层的厚度等。C项“该 行星的大气层信息”符合段意。故选C项。
3. What can we infer from the last two paragraphs？
A. The planet has no neighboring planets.
B. The planet has high surface temperature.
C. The planet is eight times the size of Earth.
D. The planet is far away from the Milky Way galaxy.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“As a result， its surface temperature is about 1，725 degrees Celsius.”可知，这颗行星表面温度非常高。故选B项。
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text？
A. Astronomers Have Found a “Super-Earth”
B. Scientists Seek New Planets for Mankind
C. Earth Is the Only Place to Keep Life in Space
D. Planets with Atmosphere Don’t Always Have Life
答案：A
解析：标题归纳题。根据文章整体内容，尤其是第一段内容可知，文章主要介绍了天 文学家发现的一颗“超级地球”，尽管它不适合生命生存，但这是人类首次发现具有 大气层的岩质行星。文章围绕这一发现进行了详细描述，A项“天文学家发现了‘超 级地球’”是最合适的标题。故选A项。
B
　　（2025 济南市高三期末学习质量检测）Robots are separated into two parts： the brain and the body. An AI brain can help run the traffic system of a city， but many robots still struggle to open a door—why is that？
　　“Software has advanced rapidly in recent years， but hardware has not kept up. Currently， all robots rely on electricity and software to function. The robotic brain composed of software translates information to the body or hardware through an encoder （编码器）， which then performs an action，” said Dr Antonio Forte， a senior lecturer in engineering at King’s College London.
　　To overcome this， Forte’s team developed a circuit by integrating liquid-based circuits with an adjustable valve（阀） placed within a robot’s hardware. This valve acts like a switch in a normal circuit and engineers can send signals directly to hardware using variations in pressure from liquid inside， allowing the robot to perform complex tasks without the need for electricity or instruction from the central brain. This leads robots to function independently in challenging environments， such as low-income countries that do not have reliable access to electricity.
　　Independent from the software running it， the advanced hardware system carries the majority of computational load by itself. This opens up the possibility of a new generation of robots， whose bodies could operate independently of their built-in control center， with this space potentially being used instead for more complex AI-powered software， and consequently they can be more aware of their social context， which provides for a new kind of robotics in places like social care and mass production.“Ultimately， without investment in such field robots will stay at a certain level after a period of growth. Soon， if we do not offload the computational tasks that modern-day robots take on， computing improvements will have little impact on their performance. The work is just a first step on this path， but the future holds smarter robots with smarter bodies，” Mostafa Mousa， a post-graduate researcher at King’s College London， commented.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了机器人的构成，其发展受到 阻碍的原因以及解决方案。
5. What is holding back the development of robots nowadays？
A. Backward hardware.
B. High electricity cost.
C. Low-speed encoders.
D. Complex calculations.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“but hardware has not kept up. Currently， all robots rely on electricity and software to function”可知，硬件落后阻碍了机器人的发 展。故选A项。
6. How does the valve function in a robot？
A. It translates information.
B. It adjusts liquid pressure.
C. It sends electrical signals.
D. It powers robots’ brains.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This valve acts like a switch in a normal circuit and engineers can send signals directly to hardware using variations in pressure from liquid inside， allowing the robot to perform complex tasks without the need for electricity or instruction from the central brain.”可知，阀门通过调节液体压力在机器人内部工作。 故选B项。
7. What sets the new generation of robots apart from others？
A. Autonomy with adaptability.
B. Resistance to physical damage.
C. Understanding of users’ likes.
D. Capability to control software.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“whose bodies could operate independently of their built-in control center， with this space potentially being used instead for more complex AI-powered software”可知，新一代机器人与其他机器人的区别是具有自主 适应性。故选A项。
8. What does Mousa think of the work of Forte’s team？
A. Eventful. B. Doubtful.
C. Promising. D. Dismissive.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The work is just a first step on this path， but the future holds smarter robots with smarter bodies”可知，穆萨认为福特团队的工作是 有前途的。故选C项。
集训2　外刊原创题
　　With the likes of artificial intelligence， virtual reality and wearable technology advancing each year， what does the future have in store for us？
Brain-computer interfaces
　　As a term， brain-computer interfaces（BCI） sound awful. However， this non- invasive technology is all done via a wearable device， turning brain waves into signals that a computer or mechanical device can interpret. While some of these devices can be implanted， giving better access to the brain， many of the newer devices are non- invasive. There are now wearables， like headphones or small headsets that also act as a brain-computer interface， tracking productivity throughout the day to examine the bumps and dips of when we work best.
Virtual exchange students
　　Virtual exchanges pair students from other countries with the goal of increasing their communication skills， understanding of other cultures and language skills. Along with being cheaper and more convenient than full exchange student programs， they also allow students to experience a variety of different cultures.
Wearable tech
　　Wearable devices like smartwatches， rings and heart rate trackers make the perfect gadgets to implement（实施） in schools. For physical education， these devices could become especially useful. While playing sports， they can help track students’ ability， fitness level and recovery. Other types of wearable devices have begun to appear in schools as well such as smart glasses and VR headsets， offering a more immersive experience for students trying to engage with a task.
Interactive holograms（全息图）
　　Once an idea relegated to science fiction， interactive holograms are quickly becoming a reality.
　　This is thanks to two technologies interacting together. The first is the holograms themselves. This technology works by using a high-speed motor to spin a fan blade（扇 叶） covered with LED lights. These lights flash in sequence to create 3D images. The images can change and can be quickly altered， in a similar fashion to a computer screen. Similar to how a controller or a keyboard interacts with a computer， interactive devices allow you to interact with the hologram.
　　Imagine being able to see a floating high-quality image of a heart that you can interact with， or label a 3D map for the whole class to see.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要列举了几项科技发展成果，如脑机 接口、虚拟交换生、可穿戴技术和交互式全息图，并展示了这些技术如何改变我们的 生活、学习和互动方式。
1. What is a must for BCI devices to function？
A. The real-time anxiety detection.
B. The conversion of brain waves.
C. The implantation into the brain.
D. The track of productivity all day.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，脑机接口这项技术是通过可穿戴设备将 脑电波转化为计算机或机械设备可以解读的信号。所以对于这项技术来说，实现其功 能的关键是脑电波的转换。故选B项。
2. What is a key benefit of virtual exchanges？
A. Boosting technical creativity.
B. Shortening in-person interaction at class.
C. Increasing students’ cultural understanding.
D. Offering a cheaper alternative for international travel.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，虚拟交流可以让学生体验不同的文 化，即增加学生对文化的理解。故选C项。
3. What can wearable devices do for students？
A. Understand their overall physical fitness.
B. Increase the recovery of their memory.
C. Teach professional sports to specific students.
D. Simplify the process of learning subjects.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段前三句可知，像智能手表、戒指等可穿戴设备在学校 中很有用，对于体育教育尤其如此，在做运动时，可穿戴设备可以帮助追踪学生的能 力、健康水平和恢复情况。所以说，可穿戴设备能让学生了解他们的整体身体素质。 故选A项。
4. How do interactive holograms generate 3D images？
A. Employing computerized fan blades.
B. Applying the change of computer screens.
C. Using programmable LED sequences.
D. Projecting floating maps all the time.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第六段第三句至第五句可知，交互式全息图技术是通过使用 高速电机旋转覆盖着LED灯的风扇叶片实现的，这些灯按顺序闪烁以创建3D图像， 即交互式全息图通过使用可程控的LED灯序列来生成3D图像。故选C项。(共25张PPT)
专题一　阅读理解
冲刺集训八　议论文
集训1　优质模拟题
A
　　（2025 河南开封杞县高三下学期检测）Cellphone technology has certainly evolved as predicted over the last few decades， but what about the debate over their use in schools？
　　Back in 2006， one fault line was already emerging between educators concerned about cellphone misuse in class and parents concerned about not being able to communicate with their children. The popularity of phone bans has yo-yoed since then， from a high of 91 percent of public schools prohibiting nonacademic use of cellphones in the 2009—2010 school year； the number dipped as low as 66 percent in 2015—2016 but has since rebounded to 76 percent in 2021—2022.
　　Of course， the debate over cellphones in school has never been as clear-cut as educators vs. parents.
　　Middle school administrator Matt Levinson saw a fork in the road ahead of teachers in a 2009 essay： “They can continue fighting a losing battle and draw cruel lines in the sand， confiscating（没收）cellphones or banning their use during school hours. Or， they can seize the teachable moment， and shift their approaches to embrace technology and engage students with these devices.”
　　But for teachers in schools without a clear cellphone policy， finding those academic applications for smartphones amid the TikTok distractions（干扰） is no easy task.
　　Psychology professor Jean M. Twenge， who dug through data from 11，000 teens to conclude that “not all screen time is created equal，” laid down some dos and don’ts for cellphone access in the blog.
　　But not everyone is optimistic about finding a middle ground between an endless distraction and a productive learning tool. In a widely read 2016 essay， teacher Steve Gardiner had another word for his students’ relationships to their phones： addiction. “We have incentives to promote attendance and graduation， but many teenagers need help， because their bodies are in the classroom， but their minds are inside their cellphones，” he said.
　　For some teachers， that cellphone dependency has gotten bad enough to sour them on the profession entirely. That’s the story of high school biology teacher Mitchell Rutherford， who decided to quit teaching because of the exhaustion（筋疲力尽）he felt from competing with cellphones for students’ attention.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了在学校里，手机到底是令人 分心的东西，还是用于学习的工具。
1. What can be learned about the popularity of phone bans？
A. It does benefit teachers a lot.
B. It has decreased the misuse in class.
C. It allows for nonacademic use.
D. It experiences ups and downs.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the number dipped as low as 66 percent in 2015— 2016 but has since rebounded to 76 percent in 2021—2022”可知，手机禁令的流行经历 了起伏。故选D项。
2. What does the underlined phrase “a fork in the road” in paragraph 4 mean？
A. A U-turning road.
B. A teaching guidebook.
C. Different choices.
D. Various teaching styles.
答案：C
解析：词句猜测题。结合本段意思可知，教师面前有两条路，他们可以没收手机，在 上课时间禁止使用手机。或者他们可以抓住教学时机，转变方法，拥抱科技，让学生 使用这些设备。由此可知，画线词组a fork in the road意为“岔路口”，比喻作出不同 的选择，与C项“不同的选择”含义相同。故选C项。
3. What’s Steve Gardiner’s attitude toward students’ using cellphones？
A. Negative. B. Mixed.
C. Tolerant. D. Uncaring.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“had another word for his students’ relationships to their phones： addiction. ‘We have incentives to promote attendance and graduation， but many teenagers need help， because their bodies are in the classroom， but their minds are inside their cellphones’”可知，史蒂夫 加德纳认为手机导致学生上 瘾。由此推知，他对学生们使用手机这一现象持消极态度。故选A项。
4. What does the author imply in the last paragraph？
A. Some teachers in school are not capable of teaching.
B. The use of cellphones in school should be banned.
C. It is beneficial to compete with cellphones for students’ focus.
D. Getting along with students makes some teachers feel exhausted.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“That’s the story of high school biology teacher Mitchell Rutherford， who decided to quit teaching because of the exhaustion（筋疲力 尽）he felt from competing with cellphones for students’ attention.”可知，教师对学生 依赖手机的现状无力挽救，所以想离职。由此推知，作者暗示了应该禁止在学校使用 手机。故选B项。
B
　　（2025 山东省青岛市期末考试）For too long， we’ve been living on the edge of burnout， with to-do lists growing longer， calendars full， and deadlines that seem never- ending. It’s not a secret that busyness has been worn like a mark of honor， while moments of down time are seen as unproductive. But if there’s no time to breathe or room to think， how are we able to come up with new ideas， let alone carry them out？
　　I didn’t realize how deep-rooted this lifestyle had become for me until I stepped into self-employment in 2023. Balancing busy periods with quieter ones unexpectedly brought anxiety and self-judgment instead of the anticipated relief to pause and reflect. However， the tide is turning in the world of work： there’s a growing pushback against non-stop demands， and increased awareness about the benefits—including improved concentration， creativity and job satisfaction of doing one thing at a time.
　　According to Marc Zao-Sanders， author of Timeboxing， multitasking is the attempt to attend to two things at once， for example firing off a few emails while sitting in a meeting. The pity here is that you may end up doing a poor job of both， and enjoy neither. But it’s actually a little more complex than this. If one of the tasks is familiar to you and doesn’t demand too much of you cognitively（认知地）， it may well be that you can take on a second task at the same time. The main issue is thinking you can do both at once for those tasks where you can’t. This is both unproductive and can easily feel frustrated.
　　The phrase “multitasking” has been adopted by all sorts of typically high-achieving people and a mark of status. But our brains cannot complete tasks at the same time. They are completed in a sequence. Multitasking is tiring us out more quickly and making us less efficient. So， let’s bid farewell to the era of handling a hundred things at once.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了现代社会中人们普遍存在的 过度忙碌和“多任务处理”现象，以及这种生活方式对个人创造力和工作效率的负面 影响。
5. What’s people’s common view on busyness？
A. It is a way to generate new ideas.
B. It shows that people are less productive.
C. It reflects people’s poor time-management.
D. It is a symbol of efficiency and excellence.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It’s not a secret that busyness has been worn like a mark of honor， while moments of down time are seen as unproductive.”可知，忙碌一直 被当作一种荣誉的象征，而闲暇时光则被视为毫无成效。这意味着在人们的普遍观念 中，忙碌是一种值得骄傲的事情，可理解为忙碌象征着效率和优秀。故选D项。
6. How does the author feel after she became self-employed？
A. Relaxed. B. Panicked.
C. Uneasy. D. Stress-free.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Balancing busy periods with quieter ones unexpectedly brought anxiety and self-judgment instead of the anticipated relief to pause and reflect.”可知，作者在2023年开始自主创业后，原本预期在忙碌和清闲之间取得 平衡，能获得喘息和反思的轻松感，但没想到却带来了焦虑和自我评判。由此可知， 作者自主创业后感到不安。故选C项。
7. What can we learn about multitasking from paragraph 3？
A. It can reduce our productivity.
B. It can weaken our cognitive ability.
C. It makes us creative and concentrated.
D. It is essential in today’s fast-pace world.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The pity here is that you may end up doing a poor job of both， and enjoy neither.”和“This is both unproductive and can easily feel frustrated.”可知，多任务处理可能导致两件事都做不好，既没有效率还容易让人沮 丧，所以会降低我们的工作效率。故选A项。
8. What does the author suggest in the passage？
A. Following high-achieving people.
B. Working one task at a time.
C. Raising the efficiency of multitasking.
D. Challenging our brain capacity.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Multitasking is tiring us out more quickly and making us less efficient. So， let’s bid farewell to the era of handling a hundred things at once.”可知，作者强调了多任务处理的坏处，结合最后一句“告别一次处理多项任务 的时代”可推断，作者建议一次只做一项任务。故选B项。
集训2　外刊原创题
　　Throughout my teaching career， I’ve been telling students that reading a story all the way through is an act of love. It takes stillness and receptivity to realize this， it takes a willingness to enter the life of someone you’ll never meet， and it requires great practice.
　　But the National Council of Teachers of English （NCTE）—devoted to the improvement of language arts instruction—announced that it would widen its doors to the digital and mediated world. “It is our profession to challenge the ways in which print media is placed above the full range of literacy competencies（能力） students should master，” the Council said. Around the time this decision was made， only 37 percent of American 12th graders were rated as proficient or better at reading.
　　To put the NCTE’s guidelines in action， teachers are substituting（代替） intertextuality and experiential learning for engaging with the actual text. What might have been a full read of The Great Gatsby is replaced by students reading the first three chapters， then listening to a TED Talk on the American dream， reading a Claude McKay poem， and then writing and delivering a PowerPoint presentation on the Prohibition. They’ll experience Chapters 4 through 8 only through plot summaries and return to their texts for the final chapter.
　　The students I taught last fall had little knowledge of environmental activism or animal welfare when I handed them Richard Powers’s Bewilderment， about a 9－year-old boy who is consumed with saving endangered species. But the vicarious safety of fiction gave students an invitation to discuss planetary ethics and the power and limits of parental love. This sadness they raised will be a part of their forming identities. Had they merely read the summary， they’d have lacked the feeling part.
　　When a semester begins， I often give my students a little essay by Virginia Woolf， How Should One Read a Book？ She advises， “Begin not by sitting on the bench among the judges， but by standing in the dock with the criminal（罪犯）. Be his fellow worker.” Like this， a classroom allows students to travel along with dockworkers and businessmen， rulers and liberators. And when they have turned the last page， Woolf invites the readers to leave the dock and mount the bench. They must cease to be the friends； they must become the judges.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了阅读完整故事的重要性，批 评当前教育中过度依赖数字化和体验式学习的趋势，强调通过深入阅读文学作品，学 生能够获得情感共鸣和批判性思维的能力。
1. How does the author view the NCTE’s decision？
A. Supportive. B. Tolerant.
C. Doubtful. D. Indifferent.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。作者在第一段中提出，完整阅读一个故事是一种爱的行为；第二 段提到NCTE决定向数字化和媒介世界敞开大门，质疑将印刷媒介凌驾于学生应掌握 的全方位读写能力之上的做法；第四段，尤其最后一句，作者通过自己的教学经历， 说明学生如果只是读故事梗概会缺乏情感体验。综合来看，作者对NCTE的决定持怀 疑态度。故选C项。
2. Why does the author tell the teaching course of The Great Gatsby？
A. To demonstrate effective teaching methods.
B. To criticize the replacement of full text reading.
C. To demonstrate the effectiveness of intertextuality.
D. To advocate student-centered learning projects.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。作者在第三段讲述了关于《了不起的盖茨比》的教学过程，再结 合第四段作者对完整阅读重要性的阐述可推知，作者讲述这个教学过程是为了批评替 代全文阅读的这种做法。故选B项。
3. What does the author think the students benefit from reading Bewilderment？
A. Learning practical skills of environmental activism.
B. Improving their skills of summarizing texts.
C. Developing a stronger sense of empathy.
D. Getting rid of their daily ethical dilemmas.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段，尤其最后两句可知，虽然他们原本对环保行动主义 和动物福利了解甚少，但学生通过阅读小说《困惑》能够讨论地球伦理观以及父母之 爱的力量与局限，他们由此生出的情感将成为他们身份塑造的一部分，如果只是读梗 概就会缺乏情感层面的体验。由此可推知，作者认为学生从阅读《困惑》中获得的益 处是培养了更强的同理心。故选C项。
4. What does Virginia Woolf advise readers to do？
A. Analyze texts from a critical perspective.
B. Engage emotionally with characters.
C. Compare different literary genres.
D. Focus on intertextual connections.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中Virginia Woolf 的话可知，她建议读者开始 阅读时不要以评判者的身份，而是要站在书中人物（如罪犯）的立场，成为他 们的同伴，读完后再以评判者的身份分析。这种做法就是在情感上与书中人物 产生共鸣。故选B项。(共25张PPT)
专题一　阅读理解
冲刺集训一　细节理解题
集训1　优质模拟题
A
　　（2025 六盘水市高三适应性考试）Hong Kong was once seen as a cultural desert. But since around 1997， when it returned to China， the idea of an arts enclave（艺术飞 地） emerged. After nearly 30 years， the West Kowloon Cultural District has formed， with world-class venues. Here’s a guide to what’s new.
Free Space
　　As the name suggests， this performing-arts center is designed to be flexible and imaginative. The bunker-like complex houses a black box theater and studios for experimental performances and dance， as well as the Lau Bak Livehouse， a coffeehouse and bar with live music on weekends.
Hong Kong Palace Museum
　　Resembling a Chinese gold ingot（金元宝）， this museum showcases artifacts from China’s imperial palaces， including Ming dynasty ceramics， scroll paintings， and double-headed dragons from the National Palace Museum in Beijing’s Forbidden City.
Art Park
　　Hugging the waterfront promenade， this expansive lawn is an ideal place for joggers， picnickers， museum-goers， and dog walkers. There are more than a dozen places to eat and drink throughout—around sunset， grab a seat at one of the harbor side cafés below the Palace Museum. The facilities are spotless， too.
Xiqu Center
　　This performance hall， which hosts Cantonese opera， has an exterior with aluminum shingles that resemble fish scales. A large opening fills the atrium（中庭） with breezes and natural light. Even if xiqu （Chinese opera） isn’t your cup of tea， the public atrium is an inviting place to rest before exploring the shops along Canton Road.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了香港西九龙文化区的新面貌和其 中的几个主要文化设施。
1. What do Free Space and Art Park have in common？
A. People can walk dogs there.
B. People can enjoy coffee there.
C. People can listen to music there.
D. People can watch the sunset there.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Free Space中的“a coffeehouse and bar with live music on weekends”和Art Park中的“grab a seat at one of the harbor side cafés below the Palace Museum”可知，Free Space和Art Park的共同之处是人 们可以在那里享用咖啡。故选B项。
2. Which of the following does Hong Kong Palace Museum display？
A. Modern art. B. Gold ingot.
C. Chinese artifacts. D. Opera costumes.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据Hong Kong Palace Museum中的“this museum showcases artifacts from China’s imperial palaces， including Ming dynasty ceramics， scroll paintings， and double-headed dragons from the National Palace Museum in Beijing’s Forbidden City”可知，Hong Kong Palace Museum展出了中国文物。故选C项。
3. What can we do in Xiqu Center？
A. Go fishing.
B. Take a break.
C. Have a cup of tea.
D. Enjoy light shows.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Xiqu Center中的“the public atrium is an inviting place to rest before exploring the shops along Canton Road”可知，可以在Xiqu Center休息。故选B项。
B
　　（2025 兰州市高三诊断）
　　The Spring Festival Film Season in China
　　The Spring Festival film season in China is a vibrant time filled with exciting movie releases. In 2025， four standout films attracted audiences. Let’s dive into them！
Ne Zha 2
　　This animated sequel（续集） to Ne Zha： Birth of the Demon Child continues the tale of Ne Zha and Ao Bing. After a heavenly disaster， their souls are preserved， but their bodies are in danger. Taiyi Zhenren attempts to reshape them using the Seven-Colored Lotus， facing big challenges. The film reimagines the classic “Ne Zha Conquers the Dragon King” legend with bold twists， combining dark fantasy aesthetics（美学） inspired by the popular game Black Myth： Wukong and honoring Stephen Chow’s signature comedic style.
Creation of the Gods Ⅱ： Demon Force
　　This epic fantasy film， based on ancient Chinese myths， continues the war between humans and gods. Grand Tutor Wen Zhong leads the Yin Dynasty’s army to attack Xiqi. With help from immortals（神仙） such as Jiang Ziya， the hero Ji Fa fights to break the magical traps called the “Ten Deadly Formations” and protect Xiqi. The film not only enriches the story and characters but also sees a comprehensive upgrade in visual effects and action scenes.
Legends of the Condor Heroes： The Great Hero
　　Adapted from Jin Yong’s classic novel， this martial arts epic is set during a chaotic war period.Heroes like Guo Jing and Huang Rong unite to defend the Song Dynasty against the Mongol Empire’s invasion. The film features creative battle scenes， traditional martial arts， and themes of friendship， love， and sacrifice.
Operation Hadal
　　A sequel to Operation Red Sea， this modern military action film follows the Chinese Navy’s mission to stop a super-submarine’s attack on coastal cities. The “Longjing” submarine and the Jiao Long Squad face deadly traps and underwater battles， including encounters in the deep sea’s volcanic zones. Packed with action， advanced technology， and amazing special effects， the film delivers intense thrills.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了2025年春节档四部出色的电影。
4. What unique elements are mixed into Ne Zha 2 to refresh the classic myth？
A. Realistic military strategies and submarine battles.
B. Stephen Chow’s humorous style and dark fantasy visuals.
C. Magical “Ten Deadly Formations” created by immortals.
D. Historical wars between the Mongols and Song Dynasty.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Ne Zha 2中的“combining dark fantasy aesthetics（美学） inspired by the popular game Black Myth： Wukong and honoring Stephen Chow’s signature comedic style”可知，《哪吒2》加入了周星驰幽默的风格和黑暗奇幻的视觉 效果来重新演绎经典。故选B项。
5. How does Creation of the Gods Ⅱ upgrade its storytelling compared to previous films？
A. By adding underwater volcano scenes.
B. By including Stephen Chow’s humorous dialogues.
C. Through creative battle scenes and traditional martial arts.
D. Through improved visual effects and expanded action scenes.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据Creation of the Gods Ⅱ： Demon Force中的“The film not only enriches the story and characters but also sees a comprehensive upgrade in visual effects and action scenes.”可知，《封神Ⅱ：战火西岐》在视觉效果和动作场景上有了全面的提 升。故选D项。
6. Which movie can be recommended to viewers interested in modern military stories？
A. Ne Zha 2.
B. Operation Hadal.
C. Creation of the Gods Ⅱ： Demon Force.
D. Legends of the Condor Heroes： The Great Hero.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Operation Hadal中的“A sequel to Operation Red Sea， this modern military action film follows the Chinese Navy’s mission to stop a super-submarine’s attack on coastal cities.”可知，可以推荐Operation Hadal（《蛟龙行动》）给对现代军 事故事感兴趣的观众。故选B项。
集训2　外刊原创题
　　It was a sunny September morning in Rio de Janeiro’s Parque Arará favela（贫民窟） and volunteers were preparing plants to be placed on Reginaldo Gomes da Silva’s roof. The volunteers rolled up tropical succulents（肉质植物） in bidim， a recycled-material geotextile， and gave the bundles to Gomes da Silva to place on his three-story home’s roof. With summer approaching in Brazil nearly 104°F in late August， Silva， despite his house’s breezy corner location， had to run his fan constantly due to the heat.
　　Cassiano is the founder of Teto Verde Favela， a nonprofit that teaches favela residents how to build their own green roofs as a way to beat the heat without overloading electrical grids or spending money on fans and air conditioners. He came across the concept over a decade ago while researching how to make his own home bearable during a particularly scorching summer. Green roofs， an ancient method， were common in wealthy areas but in Rio’s more than 1，000 low-income favelas， their high cost and heavy weight meant they weren’t even considered a possibility.
　　That is， until Cassiano decided to team up with a civil engineer to figure out a way to make them both safe and affordable for favela residents. But the several layers required for traditional green roofs—each with its own purpose—can make them quite heavy. For favelas like Parque Arará， that can be a problem. That’s where the bidim comes in. Lightweight and beneficial to plant growth—the roofs are hydroponic（水栽的）， so no soil is needed—it was the perfect material to make green roofs possible in Parque Arará. Because of the bidim and the vinyl sheets used as waterproof screening， Cassiano’s green roofs cost just $1 per square foot. A conventional green roof can cost as much as $11， for the same amount of space.
　　It hasn’t been long since Cassiano and the volunteers helped put the green roof on his house， but he can already feel the difference. “It used to be unbearable when it was really hot out，” Gomes da Silva says. “But now it’s cool enough that I can relax. Now I can breathe again.”
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了里约热内卢贫民窟居民通 过安装低成本绿色屋顶来应对酷暑的事件，展现了环保创新改善低收入社区生活条件 的一面。
1. Why did Reginaldo Gomes da Silva want a green roof？
A. To create a community garden.
B. To show off his gardening skills.
C. To relieve extreme indoor heat.
D. To make his house look nicer.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，面临炎热天气，即使Reginaldo Gomes da Silva的房子位置通风，也需一直开风扇降温；再结合第二段第一句可知， 他建绿色屋顶是为了缓解室内的酷热。
2. Why did Cassiano start Teto Verde Favela？
A. To promote eco-friendly lifestyles.
B. To help people stay cool affordably.
C. To create local employment opportunities.
D. To replace traditional construction methods.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，Cassiano创立Teto Verde Favela的目的是 教贫民窟居民建造绿色屋顶，从而在不过载电网、不花钱购买风扇和空调的情况下抵 御炎热，即帮助人们以实惠的方式保持凉爽。
3. What makes the bidim suitable for favela buildings？
A. Its low price and light weight.
B. Its decorative appearance.
C. Its use of natural soil layers.
D. Its waterproof and fireproof use.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后三句可知，这种材料重量轻，有利于植物生长， 而且使用它和乙烯基防水板制作的绿色屋顶每平方英尺仅需1美元，而传统绿色屋顶 每平方英尺高达11美元。所以bidim适合贫民窟建筑是因为它价格低且重量轻。
4. What can we infer from Gomes da Silva’s words about the green roof’s effect？
A. Astonishing. B. Annoying.
C. Satisfying. D. Disturbing.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段Gomes da Silva的话可知，他表示以前天气炎热时 难以忍受，而现在安装绿色屋顶后屋内足够凉爽，他可以放松了，感觉呼吸也顺畅 了。由此可推知，这种绿色屋顶带来的降热效果是令人满意的。(共26张PPT)
专题一　阅读理解
冲刺集训四　主旨大意题
集训1　优质模拟题
A
　　（2025 安徽省“江南十校”联考）In Portugal， near the town of Alqueva， lies Europe’s largest artificial lake， home to an innovative floating solar-power plant developed by EDP， a leading renewable energy company. Despite initial skepticism about the high costs and potential issues of floating solar technology， this project represents the sector’s maturation and readiness for expansion.
　　In this first phase of the project at Alqueva， engineers have stationed some 12，000 PV modules（光伏组件） on floating platforms made from partially recycled plastic and locally sourced soft wood. These are connected to an energy-storage system combining batteries and are integrated with the hydroelectric dam’s power station.
　　Floating solar projects do face plenty of challenges. The kit has to be water-， wave-， wind- and storm-resistant， which adds complexity and cost. The fish in lakes attract plenty of birds， whose droppings can block the sun. To deal with this， engineers for the project at Alqueva have developed remote-controlled cleaning robots and are working on autonomous ones.
　　Yet floating solar projects also enjoy several advantages. When located at existing hydroelectric dams they do not require any additional land and can be connected to the grid （电网） without the multi-year wait common for solar projects. The cooling effect of being on water boosts the efficiency of the modules， with studies suggesting gains of between 5％ and 15％ over land-based PV， while the shade they produce slows the water loss of the lake.
　　EDP views floating solar as a cornerstone of its renewable energy strategy. The initial 5－megawatt（MW， 兆瓦） capacity at Alqueva may seem modest， but it’s just the beginning. The company is planning a second phase， which will see an additional 70MW capacity by 2025. According to Wood Mackenzie， a leading consultancy， floating solar technology could deliver up to 60，000MW of renewable energy globally by 2031. “This may pale in comparison to the 1，600，000MW of solar capacity installed as of last year. But every bit counts，” he added.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了葡萄牙阿尔克瓦镇附近的欧 洲最大人工湖中的一个创新型浮动太阳能发电厂项目，该项目由领先的可再生能源公 司EDP开发。文章阐述了该项目面临的挑战、具备的优势以及公司对其未来的规划和 前景展望。
1. Which of the following best describes the EDP project？
A. It went unquestioned.
B. It can be costly but eco-friendly.
C. It has already expanded.
D. It is separated from the power station.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Despite initial skepticism about the high costs and potential issues of floating solar technology”以及第二段中的“engineers have stationed some 12，000 PV modules（光伏组件） on floating platforms made from partially recycled plastic and locally sourced soft wood”可知，该项目成本较高，但是使用了部 分回收塑料和当地的软木，它是环保的。故选B项。
2. What can be learned about floating solar projects？
A. Engineers have developed auto cleaning robots.
B. Floating solar projects demand less time for grid access.
C. Land-based PV modules are more productive than floating ones.
D. The PV modules decrease the water level of the lake.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“When located at existing hydroelectric dams they do not require any additional land and can be connected to the grid（电网） without the multi-year wait common for solar projects.”可知，浮动太阳能项目不需要额外的土地， 并且可以更快地接入电网，不需要像普通太阳能项目那样等待多年。故选B项。
3. What might EDP agree with according to the last paragraph？
A. The project at Alqueva is an instant success.
B. By 2025 the project at Alqueva will provide 70MW capacity.
C. The project will generate the majority of global renewable power.
D. The floating solar technology has a promising future.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“EDP views floating solar as a cornerstone of its renewable energy strategy.”和“According to Wood Mackenzie， a leading consultancy， floating solar technology could deliver up to 60，000MW of renewable energy globally by 2031.”可知，EDP公司将浮动太阳能视为其可再生能源战略的基石，虽然目前规模较 小，但有进一步的规划，并且咨询公司也认为到 2031 年浮动太阳能技术有很大的发 展潜力，所以EDP公司会认为浮动太阳能技术有光明的未来。故选D项。
4. What is a suitable title for the text？
A. Floating Solar Ready to Shine
B. Solar Power or Hydro Power
C. The Dawn of Renewable Energy
D. A Glimpse into Global Floating Solar Farms
答案：A
解析：标题归纳题。根据文章大意以及第一段可知，文章主要介绍了EDP公司开发的 浮动太阳能发电厂项目，包括其面临的挑战、优势以及未来的发展规划，强调了浮动 太阳能技术的发展前景。A项“浮动太阳能即将大放异彩”既提到了浮动太阳能，又 体现了其未来的发展前景，符合文章主旨，适合作文章标题。故选A项。
B
　　（2025 山东名校考试联盟高三联考）A biological study from Stanford University finds the diversity of life in the world’s oceans has declined over the past 145 million years during periods of extreme warming. Rising temperatures that make it hard for cold-blooded sea creatures to breathe have likely been among the biggest drivers of changes in ocean biodiversity.
　　“What’s important about our study is not that it shows we are having a loss of diversity when ocean temperatures rise but that pattern is maintained over millions of years，” said Thomas Boag， who co-authored the study.
　　The team found proof of that pattern in rock records of ocean animals going back to the time when the first flowering plants appeared and the Rocky Mountains began to rise. They used earth chemical data as an indicator for past temperatures. They found that in colder periods， diversity reaches its maximum at low latitudes（纬度）， but in hotter periods， its maximum is at higher latitudes. This pattern has been kept over millions of years.
　　Armed with this finding， the team developed a digital model of the relationship between ocean temperature and biodiversity of ocean animals. The results suggest ocean biodiversity increases steadily with sea surface temperature up to about 20—25 ℃. Up beyond that range， biodiversity drops off due to the limits of oxygen content. As temperatures rise， water’s oxygen content falls， while animals’ need for oxygen grows. Imagine a mountain climber who might need extra oxygen to reach the top. Climbers have the option to carry an oxygen tank， but ocean animals， particularly cold-blooded species that rely on the external environment to manage their body temperature， are pushed to move and even likely face extinction.
　　The findings paint an upsetting future for ocean ecosystems at low latitudes and many coastal communities who rely on them for food in the absence of action to dramatically slow global warming. If global warming is left unchecked in the coming centuries， it would kill off many species of ocean animals and move most survivors away from the warm waters.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是关于全球变暖对海洋生物多 样性影响的研究，以及由此引发的对未来海洋生态系统和沿海社区的担忧。
5. What is the major finding of the study according to Thomas Boag？
A. Global temperatures change.
B. Ocean biodiversity declines.
C. A pattern exists in the ocean ecology.
D. A distribution of ocean lives remains.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“What’s important about our study is not that it shows we are having a loss of diversity when ocean temperatures rise but that pattern is maintained over millions of years”可知，研究的重要之处不在于它表明当海洋温度上 升时，海洋生物正在失去多样性，而是这种模式在数百万年的时间里一直保持着。由 此可知，Thomas Boag认为这项研究的主要发现是海洋生态中存在着一种模式。故选 C项。
6. How did the study team learn the global temperatures in history？
A. By developing a digital model.
B. By consulting earth chemical data.
C. By researching ocean rock records.
D. By conducting logical assumptions.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They used earth chemical data as an indicator for past temperatures.”可知，研究小组是通过查阅地球化学数据得知历史上的全球气温 的。故选B项。
7. What is the last paragraph intended to do？
A. Present a warning.
B. Express a feeling.
C. Offer a solution.
D. Stress a finding.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If global warming is left unchecked in the coming centuries， it would kill off many species of ocean animals and move most survivors away from the warm waters.”可知，如果不采取行动减缓全球变暖，会有很 多海洋物种死亡，并导致幸存者离开温暖水域。由此推知，最后一段主要是给我们提 出警告。故选A项。
8. What can be a suitable title of the text？
A. Biodiversity and temperature changes
B. Lower temperatures， richer ocean lives
C. Lower latitudes， worse biodiversity risk
D. Global warming and ocean life diversity
答案：D
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段可知，本文主要讲的是关于全球变暖对 海洋生物多样性影响的研究及由此引发的对未来海洋生态系统和沿海社区的担忧，D 项“全球变暖和海洋生物多样性”适合作文章标题。故选D项。
集训2　外刊原创题
　　I’m standing in the beautiful Place de la Concorde in Paris trying to take photos. I am a journalism student from Georgia， and I have traveled to Paris to photograph the Summer Paralympics. For an assignment 4，000 miles from home， I knew the experience would be challenging， but my learning curve is steeper（陡峭的） than most people’s because I am legally blind.
　　My interest in photography began at 11 when I got my first cell phone and used it to photograph things I had trouble seeing. Soon， I grew interested in other visual aspects. I started seeking out subjects like shadows and angles. After getting a good digital camera， I explored my childhood home for details， photographing the morning light streaming through the dining room window and the scratches and grooves in old wooden furniture. I was amazed by the world’s intricacy（复杂精细） and clarity through the viewfinder， finding beauty everywhere.
　　When I was a child， my father never doubted my interest in photography despite my blindness， so I didn’t either. But when I applied to study photojournalism in college， things changed. People struggled to understand a blind girl in a visually dominated field， bombarding me with skeptical questions. This made me question myself， too. Navigating life is more time-consuming for me， and photojournalism is no exception. However， I’ve devised my own way of taking photos.
　　Last fall， I applied for an opportunity to cover the Paralympic Games. Arriving at the Games was incredible. Here were all of these athletes who， like me， had overcome obstacles to pursue their dreams. Their athleticism would be impressive to anyone， but to me it was a reminder that I’m not alone.
　　On my last night at the Games in Stade de France， I heard an athlete would propose after his race. I knew his location， but the packed stadium made getting there tough. I got lost in the noisy， crowded sea of faces. Panicking， I remembered my camera. Through the telephoto lens， I spotted where to go. With sweaty palms and heavy bags， I pushed through the crowd. I reached a clearing just as the athlete， on one prosthetic knee， proposed. His girlfriend looked surprised and delighted. I focused and clicked， getting the perfect shot.
　　That photo was my gold medal.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一名摄影新闻学专业学生克 服视觉障碍，以创新的方式学习摄影，并在巴黎残奥会上成功捕捉感人瞬间的故事， 展现了坚持与创新如何突破自身局限，超越自我。
1. What does the sentence “my learning curve is steeper than most people’s” in paragraph 1 mean？
A. She has a far better learning ability.
B. She faces more challenges than others.
C. She is confident in handling the assignment.
D. She finds it easier to adapt to new situations.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句中的“because I am legally blind”可知，作 者是法定意义上的盲人。由此可推知，她在学业上面临的挑战比大多数人都要多。故 选B项。
2. What is the main idea of the second paragraph？
A. The evolution of camera technology.
B. The discovery of a true visual world.
C. The exploration of childhood memories.
D. The difficulty in understanding visual details.
答案：B
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段可知，作者讲述了自己从11岁拥有第一部手机就开始 对摄影产生兴趣，后来逐渐对其他视觉元素产生兴趣，开始寻找各种独特的拍摄对 象，并发现了无处不在的美。故这一段主要围绕作者对摄影的兴趣发展以及通过摄影 对真实的视觉世界的发现展开。故选B项。
3. What made the author self-doubt after applying for photo journalism？
A. The difficulty in finding subjects.
B. The withdrawal of family backing.
C. The skepticism from other people.
D. The struggle with unfamiliar equipment.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第三句和第四句可知，当作者申请学习摄影新闻时， 人们很难理解一个盲人在视觉主导的领域里如何工作，她受到了很多质疑，这让她开 始怀疑自己。所以是其他人的质疑让作者产生自我怀疑的。故选C项。
4. Why did the author take the photo of proposal as her gold medal？
A. It showcased her photographic techniques.
B. It received widespread media recognition.
C. It captured a unique romantic moment.
D. It symbolized her triumph over challenges.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。结合作者的经历：她是一个盲人，在摄影道路上遇到诸多挑战； 在报道巴黎残奥会时，她克服了距离远等困难；在拍摄运动员求婚这一过程中，她克 服了体育场内人员拥挤等困难，最终拍到了这张照片。由此可推知，这张照片象征着 作者战胜了重重挑战，突破自我，最终实现了目标，故称其为金牌。故选D项。(共26张PPT)
专题一　阅读理解
冲刺集训十二　人与动植物类
集训1　优质模拟题
A
　　（2025 武汉市高三调研考试）To Karanth， everyone in every part of the world is born with a fundamental connection to nature. Growing up in Karnataka， she began accompanying her father into the wild at just two years old. But in her hometown， kids grew up with a negative perspective on wildlife. Elephants destroyed crops and sometimes people were badly injured or killed. Karanth discovered kids wouldn’t appreciate the fact that it’s the best place to witness extraordinary animals.
　　In 2017， a conversation with her friend Gabby shifted her mindset towards education. Within half a year， Karanth and Gabby had the first version of “Wild Shaale” on their hands. A program designed for students who come into frequent contact with wildlife， Wild Shaale aims to develop a genuine understanding of wildlife and wild spaces and move beyond wildlife tolerance to concepts of conservation and environmental issues. The conservation education program fills a gap in environmental learning.
　　While it is fortunate that a basic environmental education is supported by local government， Karanth believes the challenge lies in the quality of the curriculum and whether it’s delivered effectively and consistently. “You have to visualize what these schools look like. They may not have electricity—forget having computers， the Internet， iPads， or anything.”
　　Encouraging the students to find commonalities between themselves and the animals is the first step in changing perceptions and hopefully， behavior. “It comes down to the same things： we need food； we need water； we need space. Then they start to understand why situations of conflict arise，” Karanth says. “But then how do you convince them not to get angry， not to act in a way that leads to harm？ That’s something we’re trying to work on. It’s not easy.”
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Karanth和朋友Gabby通过 “Wild Shaale”项目，改善当地学生对野生动物的认知，减少人类和野生动物之间的 冲突的故事。
1. What problem might Karanth’s hometown have faced？
A. Human-wildlife conflict.
B. Loss of wildlife habitats.
C. Overpopulation of elephants.
D. Disregard for wildlife balance.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But in her hometown，kids grew up with a negative perspective on wildlife. Elephants destroyed crops and sometimes people were badly injured or killed.”可知，在Karanth的家乡，孩子们对野生动物持有负面看法。 大象会破坏庄稼，有时甚至伤害或杀死人。由此可知，Karanth的家乡可能面临过人 与野生动物的冲突问题。故选A项。
2. Why did Karanth launch the program Wild Shaale？
A. To help students identify animals.
B. To fill a gap in local education.
C. To change how students perceive wildlife.
D. To publicize wildlife diversity.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第三句中的“Wild Shaale aims to develop a genuine understanding of wildlife and wild spaces and move beyond wildlife tolerance to concepts of conservation and environmental issues”可知，Wild Shaale项目旨在培养学生对野生动 物和野生空间的真正理解，并从单纯容忍野生动物转向践行生态保护理念并关注环境 问题。故选C项。
3. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about？
A. The support to the plan.
B. The barrier to the program.
C. The curriculum arrangement.
D. The schools’ conditions.
答案：B
解析：段落大意题。根据第三段尤其是“Karanth believes the challenge lies in the quality of the curriculum and whether it’s delivered effectively and consistently”可知，虽 然基础环境教育得到了当地政府的支持，但Karanth认为，挑战在于课程的质量，以 及课程是否能有效而持续地进行。由此可知，本段主要谈论的是项目面临的阻碍。故 选B项。
4. What is Karanth trying to achieve in the program？
A. A shift in humans’ attitudes and behavior.
B. A breakthrough in environmental studies.
C. Appropriate ways to end local conflict.
D. Approaches to changing animals’ behavior.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Encouraging the students... is the first step in changing perceptions and hopefully， behavior.”和“how do you convince them not to get angry， not to act in a way that leads to harm？ That’s something we’re trying to work on.”可知，鼓励学生发现他们和动物之间的共同点是“改变观念，并且有望改变行 为”的第一步。说服人们不要愤怒，不要以导致伤害的方式行动，这是项目正在努力 解决的问题。故选A项。
B
　　（2025 江门市高考模拟）Sometimes， what my seven-year-old tabby cat Ophelia wants is obvious. Crying in front of her empty food bowl at dinner time clearly indicates she’s at risk of starvation. Other times， though， her meows are a complete and total mystery.
　　That’s where Sergei Dreizin and Mark Boyes， computer scientists at Akvelon， a software engineering company based in Bellevue， Washington， say they can help. They are the brains behind the MeowTalk app， which aims to “give cat owners the best tools available” for interpreting their pet’s needs.
　　When Boyes and Dreizin were looking for data to inform their new app， they came across 2019 research that revealed cat meows contain certain shared characteristics. The study authors then built a computer program to analyze audio recordings of 21 adult cats’ meowing.
　　The MeowTalk founders used these audio recordings of tens of thousands of meows to develop their computer models， which is fueled by artificial intelligence. And it worked. A 2021 study found MeowTalk can classify nine feline（猫科的） phrases with 90 percent accuracy.
　　The free app records your feline’s meows and translates them into a small range of phrases， such as “I’m annoyed.” and “Feed me！” Users can rate the accuracy of MeowTalk’s translations， which further improves the computer model. Launched in November 2020， the app has been downloaded over 20 million times， and Dreizin estimates that the program has analyzed over a billion meows to date. “We’re the largest depositors of meows in this galaxy，” he quips.
　　The app is part of an expanding suite of technologies designed to help us communicate with our furry friends. Another is FluentPet， which trains your pet to press buttons to communicate a need； for instance， a cat can learn to press a button that says the word “play”.
　　Cat behaviorist and communication expert Charlotte de Mouzon isn’t convinced of these products’ accuracy， but strengthening your relationship with your cat is always a wise goal. “If people play with the app， maybe they will become more attentive to their cats，” says de Mouzon， of Paris Nanterre University.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可以解读猫的语言，了 解猫的需求，帮助猫的主人与其交流的新的应用程序，并提到了另一个相似技术的训 练宠物与人类交流的程序，旨在让人们了解这种新的技术。
5. How can computer scientists at Akvelon help cat owners？
A. By making cats’ needs fulfilled.
B. By getting cats rid of starvation.
C. By filling the empty food bowls.
D. By solving the mysteries of cats’ meows.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They are the brains behind the MeowTalk app， which aims to ‘give cat owners the best tools available’ for interpreting their pet’s needs.”可知，Akvelon的计算机科学家们是通过解开猫叫的奥秘，帮助猫主人了解猫 的需求来帮助猫主人的。故选D项。
6. What can be inferred from paragraph 5？
A. Users think the app very helpful.
B. Users can help to promote the app.
C. Dreizin thinks the app is the most accurate.
D. The program has analyzed billions of meows.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Users can rate the accuracy of MeowTalk’s translations， which further improves the computer model.”可知，用户的反馈可以帮助 改进和提升这款应用程序。故选B项。
7. What’s Charlotte’s attitude to this kind of apps？
A. Doubtful. B. Conservative.
C. Positive. D. Negative.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Cat behaviorist and communication expert Charlotte de Mouzon isn’t convinced of these products’ accuracy， but strengthening your relationship with your cat is always a wise goal.”可知，Charlotte认为虽然应该加强猫主 人和猫之间的关系，但他不相信这种应用程序，对此持怀疑态度。故选A项。
8. What is the purpose of the text？
A. To comment on two apps.
B. To compare two similar apps.
C. To introduce the new technology.
D. To recommend an app to cats’ owners.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。结合全文内容，尤其是根据第六段中的“The app is part of an expanding suite of technologies designed to help us communicate with our furry friends. Another is FluentPet， which trains your pet to press buttons to communicate a need”可 知，本文主要介绍了一款能够帮助人类了解宠物需求的应用程序，还提到另一个相似 技术的应用程序，旨在让人们了解这种新的技术。故选C项。
集训2　外刊原创题
　　Thanda Ko Gyi came across a horrific sight in 2016 while diving in the waters off southern Myanmar. Many bamboo sharks and other marine animals lay dead or trapped alive in an abandoned fishing net. When she returned to the site 10 months later， the net hadn’t moved， as part of it was entwined in some coral on the ocean floor.
　　“It was hanging like a curtain， and it was still killing，” Ms Thanda recounts. She promised that she would do something about “ghost gear”—nets， traps， ropes， lines， and other fishing devices that are left behind by humans and generally kill marine life.
　　Ms Thanda， whose undergraduate education was in architecture， had learned to dive as a university student in Australia. She says the suggestions she made to the government to combat the problem weren’t taken seriously because of her gender and her lack of formal training in marine conservation. So in 2018， Ms Thanda launched her own nonprofit
—Myanmar Ocean Project （MOP）， the country’s first registered marine conservation organization.
　　For the next couple of years， she led a team of international diving volunteers in removing nearly 2 tons of ghost gear from about 100 sites in the Myeik Archipelago in southern Myanmar.
　　In 2021， she conducted research on the shark and ray trade in Rakhine， a western state suffered by long-running war violence. While interviewing fishers who were displaced and living in refugee camps in Rakhine， she found that endangered sharks and rays were being processed for export to the world. “You cannot go into these communities and ask people to stop，” Ms Thanda says. “What are these people supposed to do when they had to live in the camp for 10 years？ ... I came into this thinking I’m saving species， but in reality， the context is so complicated.”
　　She developed a comic series to discuss marine conservation topics with people in local communities. “A comic book made it safe to engage with young people，” Ms Thanda says. “When we started， the target audience for these comics were kids in coastal communities，” Ms Thanda says. “But now， even kids who live inland， who have never seen the ocean， are enjoying the books.”
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。Thanda Ko Gyi在目睹缅甸海域中“幽灵渔 具”对海洋生物造成的危害后，成立了“缅甸海洋项目”组织，该组织致力于清除海 洋垃圾和保护海洋生物。她带领志愿者团队清理出近两吨渔具垃圾，并通过漫画的形 式提高公众尤其是儿童的海洋保护意识，从而强调了海洋保护的紧迫性。
1. What does the horrific sight in paragraph 1 reflect？
A. The lack of proper fishing regulations.
B. The degradation of coral reef in the oceans.
C. The resilience of underwater ecosystems.
D. The severe impact of abandoned fishing gear.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句以及第二段第一句Thanda女士的话可知，这一 可怕的景象反映了废弃渔具对海洋生物造成的严重影响：许多海洋生物死亡或被困， 废弃渔具就像“幽灵”一样持续危害海洋生物。故选D项。
2. What did the government think of Ms Thanda’s suggestions？
A. They were critical for marine conservation.
B. They were scientifically groundbreaking but costly.
C. They were well-meaning but impractical for Myanmar.
D. They were unprofessional due to her background.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，由于她的性别以及她缺乏海洋保护方面 的正规培训，当地政府并没有重视她的建议。由此可推知，政府认为她的建议不专 业。故选D项。
3. What did Ms Thanda realize after visiting Rakhine？
A. The conservation context is complex.
B. Shark trade is a profitable business.
C. War violence accelerates marine decline.
D. Export bans can protect endangered species.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中Thanda女士的话“‘You cannot go into these communities and ask people to stop，’ Ms Thanda says. ‘What are these people supposed to do when they had to live in the camp for 10 years？ ... I came into this thinking I’m saving species， but in reality， the context is so complicated.’”可知，Thanda女士 在访问若开邦后意识到，当地居民因长期生活在难民营，面临着生存问题，故而单纯 地让他们停止参与鲨鱼和鳐鱼的贸易是不现实的，保护的情况很复杂。故选A项。
4. What does Ms Thanda think of her comic series？
A. Difficult but profitable.
B. Educational and engaging.
C. Simple and meaningful.
D. Entertaining but abstract.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“a comic series to discuss marine conservation topics”以及“even kids who live inland， who have never seen the ocean， are enjoying the books”等信息可推知，Thanda女士出版的漫画系列是有教育意义的，能够让年轻 人参与到海洋保护的话题中来，并且很受欢迎。故选B项。(共24张PPT)
专题一　阅读理解
冲刺集训十　社会文化类
集训1　优质模拟题
A
　　（2025 湛江市普通高考测试）Ninety-year-old Laura found a new social life at 82 years old by joining a community center with a pool. She began swimming regularly and she enjoyed affordable lunches， danced to DJ music， and made friends. Research shows that people with strong social connections tend to be positive towards life and are 50％ more likely to live longer than those who live alone.
　　Scientists from Brigham Young University analyzed 148 studies involving over 300， 000 participants and found that satisfying social lives are as beneficial to longevity（长寿） as quitting smoking and may even be more crucial than exercise or losing weight. Social connections can influence health through buffering， where support from others helps us adapt emotionally to challenges， reducing stress-caused hormones that weaken the immune（免疫力） system.
　　Rebeca， a professor at Harvard University， adds something to this understanding by pointing out the impact of our beliefs about aging on healthy longevity. Her studies show that old people with positive views of aging are much better able to run daily routines. They’re more likely to recover from a disabling injury. Her research also suggests that positive attitudes towards aging offer protection against cognitive（认知的） decline.
　　Rebeca finds people with a positive view of aging lived an average of 8 years longer than those with a negative one. She explains that beliefs are powerful because people with a positive mindset about aging tend to have a good diet and active lifestyle. They also have lower levels of stress hormones. Rebeca emphasizes that age beliefs can be shifted. In one study， adults who wrote about a healthy older person’s life once a week for four weeks showed a significant decline in negative perceptions of aging.
　　Despite the growing elderly population， negative views about aging have worsened， as is shown by Rebeca’s analysis of a 200－year database of over 400 million words. The language used around aging has become more negative and dismissive since the late 1800s. Rebeca argues that labeling aging as a disease ignores the strengths and growth potential in later life.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社交关系和积极心态对健康 长寿的影响。文章通过Laura的例子、科学研究和Rebeca的观点，阐述了社交关系和 积极心态对老年人健康的重要性。
1. What does Laura’s example imply？
A. The challenges of quitting smoking.
B. The role of exercise in overall health.
C. The possibility of physical disability of the elderly.
D. The power of social connections on healthy longevity.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Research shows that people with strong social connections tend to be positive towards life and are 50％ more likely to live longer than those who live alone.”可知，Laura的例子展示了社交关系对健康长寿的积极影响。故 选D项。
2. What does the underlined word “buffering” in paragraph 2 mean？
A. Affecting everyday tasks.
B. Reducing the harmful effects.
C. Weakening the immune system.
D. Leading to emotional stress.
答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。第二段中提到，社会关系可以通过buffering影响健康，即来自他 人的支持帮助我们情感上适应挑战，减少削弱免疫系统的压力激素，从而减少有害影 响。据此可知，buffering意为“减少有害影响”。故选B项。
3. Which point of view will Rebeca agree with？
A. Aging should be treated as a disease.
B. Writing helps to slow down cognitive decline.
C. Positive mindset can be formed through practice.
D. People are becoming more respectful to the elderly.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Rebeca emphasizes that age beliefs can be shifted. In one study， adults who wrote about a healthy older person’s life once a week for four weeks showed a significant decline in negative perceptions of aging.”可推知，Rebeca认 为积极心态可以通过练习形成。故选C项。
4. How did Rebeca learn about the change of people’s attitude towards aging？
A. By making interviews.
B. By analyzing a database.
C. By observing a social trend.
D. By comparing research findings.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Despite the growing elderly population， negative views about aging have worsened， as is shown by Rebeca’s analysis of a 200－ year database of over 400 million words.”可知，Rebeca通过分析数据库了解人们对衰 老态度的变化。故选B项。
B
　　（2025 重庆市渝中区巴蜀中学高三下月考）My son just completed high school， and his departure for college marks a significant change for me. Among the things I’ll miss most are his lessons in teenage slang（俚语）， which has offered me an accidental and useful portrait of how he and his generation see the world.
　　The primary value of slang has been to create linguistic markers， a way to set you apart from other people. The terms change over time， but the meanings typically don’t— one generation’s “cool” becomes another’s “dope”.
　　Members of my son’s generation have a vastly superior approach to slang. They have invented a language that responds to the new and distinct reality they face， a society characterized by collapsing institutions， erosions（削弱） in trust and a loss of faith in a shared sense of meaning.
　　“Mid，” for example， in my son’s usage， describes things that are average or slightly below. You can’t really complain about them， but they produce no joy. Everything in Starbucks and airports falls into the category of “mid.”
　　“Glazed” has a similarly impressive precision， indicating the act of positively spinning a judgment on reality rather than completely lying. It is the perfect description of the way social media works， with everything taking on an artificially positive， unreal and not entirely trustworthy look. For example， beach photos on social media might make a destination look like paradise， yet they rarely show the crowded shores or bad weather that are part of the reality.
　　My favorite slang word is “based，” often used to express agreement when someone states a controversial opinion. “Canada should join the United States，” one might say， to which someone else might reply， “Based.” To my ear， “based” is a perfect word to describe the informational chaos we inhabit.
　　Slang has brought my son and me closer. It’s taught me that the current crop of teenagers created a language to describe the flawed reality we’ve abandoned them to， and in doing so they’ve proved themselves less misguided and more innovative than we were.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。作者通过回顾自己和儿子之间的交流，尤其 是通过青少年俚语理解了他们所面临的现实和他们的文化。深入探讨了青少年俚语的 内涵及其背后反映的社会现实，表达了对青少年一代的赞赏和理解。
5. What does teenage slang reveal about young people？
A. Their need to fit in with peers.
B. Their response to the flawed reality.
C. Their aim to challenge social norms.
D. Their desire to outdo older generations.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Members of my son’s generation have a vastly superior approach to slang. They have invented a language that responds to the new and distinct reality they face， a society characterized by collapsing institutions， erosions（削弱） in trust and a loss of faith in a shared sense of meaning.”可知，作者儿子这一代年轻人用俚 语来应对他们所面临的一个不完美的世界。故选B项。
6. Which comment on a crowded beach reflects the underlined word “Glazed”？
A. “What a disaster！”
B. “Not crowded at all.”
C. “A wonderful getaway！”
D. “At least we found a spot.”
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。第五段中提到，“Glazed”一词表示对现实进行积极美化而非完 全撒谎的行为，不真实且不可信。对于一个拥挤的海滩，“A wonderful getaway！ （非常棒的度假胜地！）”这句话掩盖了海滩拥挤的现实，呈现出一种理想化的美好 画面，反映了该词的含义。故选C项。
7. Which word best describes the tone of the text？
A. Appreciative. B. Analytical.
C. Instructive. D. Cautious.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“It’s taught me that the current crop of teenagers created a language to describe the flawed reality we’ve abandoned them to， and in doing so they’ve proved themselves less misguided and more innovative than we were.”可知，作者通过介绍青少年俚语的含义和背后的社会现实，表达了对青少年 一代的理解和赞赏，认为他们通过创造独特的语言来描述他们所面临的不完美现实， 展现出了创新精神。故选A项。
8. What is a suitable title for the text？
A. Teenagers’ Fondness of Nonsense Words
B. Modern Slang Tells Us About Youth Culture
C. The Impact of Teen Slang on Social Relations
D. Teens Have Invented a Language for the World
答案：D
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段内容可知，文章主要探讨了青少年俚语 的含义以及这些俚语所反映的社会现实，通过分析几个具体的俚语词汇，作者揭示了 青少年一代如何面对现实创造他们这一代独特的语言。D项“青少年为世界发明了一 种语言”最契合文章主旨，适合作文章标题。故选D项。
集训2　外刊原创题
　　Named for their makers， the Nazca people who lived between 200 BCE and 650 CE， the “Nazca lines” remain one of archaeology’s greatest mysteries.
　　Now， researchers have taught artificial intelligence （AI） to spot the geoglyphs （地画） within vast swathes of aerial imagery， offering new insights into the Nazca lines’ purpose.
　　Dr Jo o Fonte， an archaeologist， started the idea of combining AI with remote sensing. It led to the Odyssey Project， in which archaeologists and AI experts collaborated （合作） to teach machine learning algorithms how to recognize different types of archaeological sites. The project aims to develop AI that makes inferences using a combination of different types of information， like human experts do.
　　Their most recent study demonstrates an AI system that detects hillforts—enclosed settlements found on hilltops—based on aerial survey data that takes into account elevation changes， even below the vegetation level. The system learns to identify the sites not just by how they look， but also where they are in relation to other features in the landscape.
　　AI models don’t score a hit every time. In fact， the team of Professor Masato Sakai， from Yamagata University’s Institute of Nazca in Peru， scrutinized（仔细检查） an average of 36 suggestions from their geoglyph detector to find each one that showed real promise. Researchers have increased accuracy by teaching the AI model not just what geoglyphs or hillforts look like， but what “non-hillforts” and “non-geoglyphs” look like as well. According to Sakai， “Training on photographs of areas where no geoglyphs existed， improved the model’s ability to judge whether a geoglyph was present.”
　　Sakai’s team previously suggested that certain “figurative”（形象的） geoglyphs， often depicting people， human sacrifices and livestock， were associated with “a tangled network” of walking trails. Until now， there haven’t been enough of these geoglyphs to prove the theory. But with the new additions， and fieldwork verifying the geoglyphs can be seen from the trails， the researchers confirm they “were objects to be viewed” while walking， even suggesting the pictures acted as a means of communication about the human activities that occurred near the paths.
　　Today， the Nazca lines face increasing threats from human activities and extreme weather events like flash floods. AI could also be of great help in predicting how climate change could impact specific sites.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能技术在研究纳斯卡 线条中的应用，揭示了其在识别地画、分析用途及预测气候影响方面的潜力，同时强 调纳斯卡线条可能是古代人用于交流和表达文化的重要方式。
1. What is the main purpose of the Odyssey Project？
A. To train more experts in remote sensing.
B. To enable AI to reason through diverse data.
C. To teach AI to detect prehistoric artifacts.
D. To identify hillforts using aerial survey data.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，该项目旨在开发能像人类专家一样， 通过综合不同类型的信息进行推理的人工智能。
2. How did Professor Sakai’s team enhance AI accuracy？
A. By using more aerial imagery.
B. By comparing to human findings.
C. By increasing the speed of AI processing.
D. By including non-archaeological samples.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第三句可知，研究人员不仅用地画或史前山顶古城遗 址的图片训练人工智能模型，还用非地画和非史前山顶古城遗址的图片，即那些非考 古样本来训练人工智能模型，以此来提高人工智能模型的准确性。
3. What new insight did AI provide about Nazca lines？
A. They were used as walking trails.
B. They served as navigation markers.
C. They communicated human activities.
D. They were created for religious purposes.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句可知，新的发现以及实地考察证实，这些地 画图案可能是一种交流方式，传递了小路附近发生的人类活动信息。
4. What does the text mainly tell us？
A. What archaeologists specialize in studying Nazca lines.
B. Why the ancient Nazca people created Nazca lines.
C. Where new archaeological discoveries have been discovered.
D. How AI solves one of the world’s greatest archaeological puzzles.
答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段可知，纳斯卡线条是考古学上的重大谜题之一。接下 来，文章围绕人工智能在研究纳斯卡线条方面的应用展开，包括检测、分析以及由此 得出新见解等，体现了人工智能在解决这一考古谜题中的作用。故选D项。(共23张PPT)
专题一　阅读理解
冲刺集训五　应用文
集训1　优质模拟题
A
　　（2025 广西桂林市春季高三质量检测）
Edinburgh Essay Award 2025
　　The contest is organized by the Scottish Arts Trust， based in Edinburgh， Scotland.
Topics and requirements
　　The competition welcomes non-fiction submissions on a broad range of topics. We seek essays on cultural subjects such as art， literature， theater， dance， music， and other artistic expressions； travel narratives（故事） about locations， individuals， and experiences； profiles that explore the impact of people—from community figures to international celebrities； discussions of environmental issues from household to global level； personal memoirs（回忆录） reflecting on transformative experiences； and examinations of philosophical， historical， or modern-day topics and more.
　　Entries should be no more than 2，000 words. Photographs and graphic illustrations within the body of the essay are permitted. Footnotes are not permitted. Your work must be in English， original， and unpublished.
Who may enter
　　The competition is open to anyone aged 16 and over.
Entry fees， prizes and bursaries（奖学金）
　　Entry Fee： ￡10 per essay. You may enter as many times as you wish.
　　Prizes
　　 First Prize： ￡1，000
　　 Second Prize： ￡500
　　 Third Prize： ￡250
　　Our bursary scheme offers a limited number of bursaries for talented writers who are under-represented. These bursaries are open to applicants worldwide who face challenges such as low household income， discrimination of any kind， disability， full-time care- giving responsibilities， or other barriers. We require you to submit the work for the competition as part of your application.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2025年爱丁堡写作大赛的相 关信息。
1. Which of the following will result in disqualification？
A. Submitting essays on cultural subjects.
B. Handing in an entry with over 2，000 words.
C. Offering an article about a famous people.
D. Writing travel narratives about locations.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Topics and requirements部分中第二段中的“Entries should be no more than 2，000 words.”可知，参赛作品不得超过2 000字，超过2 000字的作品将 被取消参赛资格。故选B项。
2. How much will a second-prize winner be rewarded with？
A. ￡250. B. ￡500.
C. ￡750. D. ￡1，000.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Entry fees， prizes and bursaries（奖学金）部分中的“ Second Prize： ￡500”可知，二等奖获奖者将获得￡500。故选B项。
3. What can we know about the competition？
A. It provides some scholarships.
B. It welcomes science fiction.
C. It is organized by a college in America.
D. It is open to writers of all ages.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Our bursary scheme offers a limited number of bursaries for talented writers who are under-represented. These bursaries are open to applicants worldwide who face challenges”可知，比赛提供了一些奖学金。故选A项。
B
　　（2025 深圳市高三年级第一次调研）Are you interested in how marine（海洋的） ecosystems work？ Do you want to know more about marine animals？ Bowling Green State University（BGSU）has one of the few camps in the Midwest where high school students can explore life at sea！
　　Camp Dates： June 8—13， 2025
What kinds of activities do campers get to do？
　　 Field trips to locations around Northwest Ohio to examine marine life and environments
　　 Hands-on activities to practice specimen（标本） collection procedures
　　 Design and run an experiment in our research lab
　　 Behind-the-scene trip to the Toledo Zoo to learn about marine animals
　　 Meet professionals to learn what it means to be a marine scientist
What does the cost cover？
　　The BGSU Marine Biology camp will offer both residential and non-residential options. The cost of the non-residential program is $850， with an additional $400 fee for the residential option. The total program cost covers room and board， all materials for labs and activities as well as transportation for field trips. A 10％ discount is available for early admission.
Application Requirements
　　 Letter of recommendation
　　 Complete the online form
　　 Complete responses to short-answer questions
　　Note： Answers to questions provided by anyone other than that applicant will disqualify the application.
Application Deadlines
　　 March 2， 2025—To be considered for early admission. Applicants will be informed by March 14.
　　 April 25， 2025—General Application Deadline.
　　Note： All spaces may fill after selection from the early admission deadline.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了鲍林格林州立大学的夏令 营，高中生可以在那里探索海上生活。
4. What does the camp offer？
A. Sample gathering practice.
B. Field trips to nature museums.
C. Research lab membership.
D. Lectures on marine knowledge.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据What kinds of activities do campers get to do？部分中的 “ Hands-on activities to practice specimen（标本） collection procedures”可知，该夏 令营提供标本收集练习。故选A项。
5. What is the early admission cost for the residential option？
A. $400. B. $765.
C. $1，125. D. $1，250.
答案：C
解析：数字计算题。根据What does the cost cover？部分的表述可知，住宿项目总费用 为850＋400＝1 250美元，提前加入可以享受九折优惠，即1250×90％＝1 125美元。 故选C项。
6. Which of the following will result in an applicant’s disqualification？
A. Forgetting to confirm admission.
B. Providing responses given by others.
C. Missing the early application deadline.
D. Failing to recommend other applicants.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Application Requirements部分中的“Note： Answers to questions provided by anyone other than that applicant will disqualify the application.”可 知，提供别人给出的答案会导致申请人被取消资格。故选B项。
集训2　外刊原创题
　　Tatooine and the forest moon of Endor may seem like they’re in a galaxy（星系） far away， but the fantastical environments of these fictional planets were inspired by and filmed in real-world locations. Here are 4 destinations to visit if you love Star Wars.
Madeira， Portugal
　　Madeira’s varieties of landscapes make it ideal for The Acolyte. “It is an incredible place to shoot because there are actually so many areas in it that make it feel like different planets，” Headland tells National Geographic. “The planet of Khofar and Olega is Madeira.” The island also stands for an “unknown planet” that is revealed in Episode Six.
Island of Djerba， Tunisia
　　As the primary filming location for the planet Tatooine， the island of Djerba is home to some important Star Wars sites， including the symbolic Mos Eisley bar first introduced in A New Hope. Explore the mainland Tunisia for more Star Wars locations， like the Hotel Sidi Driss， a traditional Berber underground house used as Luke Skywalker’s childhood home.
Puzzlewood， Forest of Dean， UK
　　With 14 acres of lush（茂盛的） forest， secret caves， and ancient ruins， it’s no wonder the unsearchable woodlands of Puzzlewood made itself the ideal setting for the forests of Takodana in The Force Awakens. Take in the otherworldly scenery on a 1.5－ mile treasure hunt， or plan a delightful stay at one of the Puzzlewood cottages.
Hardanger Jokulen Glacier， Norway
　　There won’t be any Wampas waiting for you on this glacier， but you can still pretend to be part of the battle on the ice planet of Hoth. The glacier is located near the remote mountain village of Finse， which is only accessible by train. A guided tour is required to access the glacier and is offered between July and September.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇应用文。文章体现了“人与自然”的主题语境。本文 主要为热爱电影《星球大战》系列的粉丝介绍了《星球大战》四个拍摄地景点的基本 信息。
1. What do the first two destinations have in common？
A. They are situated on islands.
B. They offer comfortable hotels.
C. They are located near a village.
D. They are suited for delightful stays.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The island also stands for an ‘unknown planet’ that is revealed in Episode Six.”以及第三段第一句中的“the island of Djerba is home to some important Star Wars sites”可知，这两个目的地的共同之处是它们都位于 岛上。故选A项。
2. Which destination offers a jungle experience？
A. Madeira， Portugal.
B. Island of Djerba， Tunisia.
C. Puzzlewood， Forest of Dean， UK.
D. Hardanger Jokulen Glacier， Norway.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。由第四段小标题以及第一句中的“made itself the ideal setting for the forests of Takodana in The Force Awakens”可知，该目的地可提 供丛林体验。故选C项。
3. Where is this text probably taken from？
A. A film review.
B. A travel brochure.
C. A course schedule.
D. An academic article.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。由全文内容尤其是第一段第二句“Here are 4 destinations to visit if you love Star Wars.”可知，本文主要介绍了电影《星球大战》的四个拍摄地景点，供 喜欢这个系列电影的粉丝们选择游玩。由此可推断，本文可能选自一本旅游小册子。 故选B项。(共24张PPT)
专题一　阅读理解
冲刺集训三　词句猜测题
集训1　优质模拟题
A
　　（2025 安徽皖南八校联考）Over 100 years ago， Alexander Graham Bell asked the readers to do something brave and fresh—“to found a new science”. He pointed out that sciences based on the measurement of sound and light already existed. But there was no science of odor（气味）. Bell asked his readers to “measure a smell”.
　　Today， smart phones provide impressive built-in capabilities based on the sciences of sound and light： voice assistants， facial recognition and photo improvement. The science of odor does not offer anything comparable. But that situation is changing， as advances in machine smell， also called “digitized smell”， are finally answering Bell’s call to action.
　　Where as human vision mainly relies on cells in the retina（视网膜）， smell is experienced through about 400 types of cells in the nose. Machine smell starts with sensors that detect and identify molecules（分子） in the air. These sensors serve the same purpose as the cells in your nose. But to be useful to people， machine smell needs to go a step further. The system needs to know what a certain molecule or a set of molecules smells like to a human. So the challenge is formidable. For that， machine smell needs machine learning.
　　The machine learning model studies the words humans tend to use to describe what they experience when they encounter specific odor-causing things. However， the Web has an unimaginably huge amount of audio， image and video content that can be used to train artificial intelligence systems that recognize sounds and pictures. Most people cannot describe smells in words as effortlessly and recognizably as they can describe sights and sounds. So researchers weren’t able to train really powerful machine learning models.
　　However， things started to change in 2015 when researchers launched a challenge focused on smell prediction. The competition released data collected by Andreas Keller and Leslive Vosshall， and invited teams from around the world to submit their machine learning models. By 2019， the largest data sets had grown from less than 500 molecules in the challenge to about 5，000 molecules. Such progress in unlocking the code of smell is not only exciting but also highly promising in applications， including personalized odor， early detection of disease， and more realistic augmented reality（增强现实） experiences. The future of machine smell looks bright. It also promises to smell good.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了机器嗅觉的发展历程、工作 原理、面临的挑战以及未来的应用前景，通过对比人类感官与机器感官的差异，阐述 了机器嗅觉在科学研究和实际应用中的重要性和潜力。
1. Why does the author mention Alexander Graham Bell？
A. To prove the current progress in machine smell.
B. To illustrate Bell’s research into sound and light.
C. To stress the application of digitized smell.
D. To offer some background information about the science of smell.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句中的“advances in machine smell， also called ‘digitized smell’， are finally answering Bell’s call to action”可知，后文关于 机器嗅觉的进步响应了贝尔的号召。因此，因为Alexander Graham Bell在100多年前呼 吁建立一门关于气味的新科学，所以作者提到他是为了提供一些关于气味科学的背景 信息。故选D项。
2. What does the underlined word “formidable” in paragraph 3 mean？
A. Rewarding. B. Demanding.
C. Stimulating. D. Confusing.
答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据前文“But to be useful to people， machine smell needs to go a step further. The system needs to know what a certain molecule or a set of molecules smells like to a human.”可知，想对人类有用，机器嗅觉需要更进一步。该系统需要知道某 种分子或一组分子对人类来说是什么气味。这是非常困难的挑战，因此formidable在 这里的意思与demanding（费力的）相近。故选B项。
3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about？
A. Introduce the shortage of smell data sets.
B. Warn people of the junk information.
C. Illustrate the use of the smell training model.
D. Predict the tendency for machine learning.
答案：A
解析：段落大意题。根据第四段中的“Most people cannot describe smells in words as effortlessly and recognizably as they can describe sights and sounds.”可知，大多数人无 法像描述景象和声音那样轻松、可辨别地用语言描述气味。因此，机器学习模型缺少 气味数据库。故选A项。
4. What is the author’s attitude towards machine smell？
A. Doubtful. B. Optimistic.
C. Impossible. D. Contradictory.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The future of machine smell looks bright. It also promises to smell good.”可知，机器嗅觉的未来看起来很光明，它还很可能带来 美好的“嗅觉体验”。由此可知，作者对机器嗅觉持乐观的态度。故选B项。
B
　　（2025 江苏镇江第一学期高三期中质量检测） Are you happy？ What does occur to me is that there is more to life than simply the pursuit of happiness.
　　Imagine that scientists have invented a machine that can be hooked（钩） up to your brain so that it can give you every pleasurable experience you could ever want. These scientists have designed it so that you can’t distinguish between those pleasurable feelings you have yourself and those that come from the machine， making you blessedly unaware you are actually floating in a tank， with electrodes（电极） in your brain.
　　So， offered the chance to be hooked up to the machine for the rest of your life， would you choose the machine or real life？ The vast majority of people would choose real life， despite some discomfort， sorrow， and upset. This thought-experiment aimed to show that there is something other than pure pleasure that gives our lives meaning. As humans， we need contrast in our emotions—the dark to make the light much brighter for us.
　　Was Michelangelo happy when he was painting the Sistine Chapel？ No one really knows， but he was probably quite frustrated and angry at times as well as bored， lonely and tired. He might have neck pain for most of it from looking up to paint for hours. But he didn’t do it to feel happy. It gave him a strong sense of purpose， meaning and accomplishment. Surely this is what is at the heart of what drives us.
　　What’s also interesting is that it’s hard to say whether we really are happy or not. A psychiatry professor said that happiness is often experienced in retrospect—we look back on a time of our lives， an event or a moment and recall it with happiness. When we say we were happy in a relationship， for example， what we often mean is that recalling that relationship gives us happiness now.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇议论文。文章谈论了生活中除了追求幸福，还有其他 东西。
5. What is the function of the machine mentioned in paragraph 2？
A. Creating desired pleasure.
B. Boosting your brain power.
C. Detecting the surroundings.
D. Helping you identify feelings.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“so that it can give you every pleasurable experience you could ever want”可知，本段提到的机器的功能是创造人想要的快乐。 故选A项。
6. Why does the author mention Michelangelo and his creation？
A. To prove the impact of creativity.
B. To recognize his contribution to art.
C. To inspire other artists to work harder.
D. To show the importance of emotional contrast.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的描述可知，作者先说明作为人类，我们需要情感上 的对比——黑暗让光明更亮，然后提到米开朗基罗和他的创作，旨在显示情感对比的 重要性。故选D项。
7. What does the underlined word “retrospect” in paragraph 5 mean？
A. A review. B. A procedure.
C. A condition. D. A scene.
答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前文“A psychiatry professor said that happiness is often experienced in”和后文“we look back on a time of our lives， an event or a moment and recall it with happiness”可知，幸福是从回顾中体验到的，据此推知，画线部分 retrospect的意思是“回顾”。故选A项。
8. What does the author intend to convey in the passage？
A. Life highlights hope.
B. Life goes beyond happiness.
C. Life calls for rapid action.
D. Life reflects your thoughts.
答案：B
解析：目的意图题。根据第一段“Are you happy？ What does occur to me is that there is more to life than simply the pursuit of happiness.”可知，作者想在文章中表达的是生 活中不是只有幸福。故选B项。
集训2　外刊原创题
　　Construction workers recently found the ruins of a large pyramid（金字塔） beside a highway in Mexico. The structure was found in June 2024 during highway expansion work in Hidalgo， central Mexico. The discovery happened by chance as workers were adding a third lane to the federal highway， showing that ancient structures can still be found during modern construction projects.
　　Scientists from Mexico’s National Institute of Anthropology and History went to study the site. They used drones to take pictures and collected 155 items， including pieces of pottery， stone tools， and shells. To protect the old building， they built a large wall around the pyramid， which is 43 meters long and 11.7 meters high.
　　The pyramid is part of an old settlement called San Miguel. The area was ruled by the “Metzca lordship”， which influenced the region until the 1500s. People have lived in this region for a very long time， with the oldest settlements dating back at least 14，000 years. This shows that many different groups of people have lived here over thousands of years.
　　Scientists keep finding hidden ancient buildings in Mexico and other parts of the Americas. Many discoveries are made using LiDAR， a technology that uses laser light （激光） to see things concealed under plants and trees. This tool helps archaeologists find old structures that they couldn’t see just by looking at the ground.
　　Last year， researchers used LiDAR to find an 18－kilometer road that connected ancient Maya cities over 1，200 years ago. In Guatemala， they also discovered a previously unknown Maya civilization with 964 settlements connected by 177 kilometers of ancient roads. These findings show that the Americas had complex and thriving societies long before European settlers arrived. The discoveries remind us how advanced these ancient civilizations were， though their development was later interrupted by colonization. Each new discovery helps build a more complete picture of these remarkable ancient societies.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇新闻报道。在墨西哥，一组建筑工人在扩建公路时偶 然发现了一座大型金字塔遗址。近年来，科学家不断发现美洲地区的古代建筑，这些 发现揭示了美洲的古代文明。
1. What did scientists do first after arriving at the site？
A. They talked to some locals.
B. They removed all artifacts.
C. They photographed the site.
D. They contacted the authorities.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，科学家在到达了金字塔遗址后首先使用 了无人机拍照，故选C项。
2. What does the underlined word “concealed” in paragraph 4 probably mean？
A. Hidden. B. Displayed.
C. Planted. D. Connected.
答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的内容可知，科学家不断发现隐藏的古代建筑，很 多发现都用到了LiDAR技术，再根据画线词所在句的下一句可知，这种工具可以帮助 考古学家发现仅靠肉眼观察无法发现的古老建筑。由此可推知，此处指LiDAR技术是 一种利用激光来观察隐藏在花草和树木下的事物的技术，故画线词与 A项意思一致。
3. What does the author say about the new discoveries？
A. They can help us perfect modern buildings.
B. They can inspire us to build new civilization.
C. They can bring back some ancient technologies.
D. They can offer more information on ancient societies in the Americas.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，那些新的古代遗址的发现可以帮助 我们更多地了解美洲的那些非凡的古代社会，故D项符合题意。
4. What is the best title for the text？
A. Mexico Builds New Highways
B. Ancient Ruins Need Protection
C. Construction Workers Accidentally Uncover an Ancient Pyramid
D. LiDAR Plays an Essential Role in the Discovery of a Large Pyramid
答案：C
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，一组建筑工人在墨西哥扩建公路时偶然发现了一 座金字塔，文章以此事件作为引入，除了介绍该金字塔以外，还介绍了可以帮助发现 隐藏的古代建筑的 LiDAR技术、其他新的发现等，因此C项“建筑工人偶然发现一座 古代金字塔”适合作文章标题。

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