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(共26张PPT)
基于语篇结构
分析五选五题型解题技巧
Activity 1
析考纲, 联语篇
Learning aims:
In this class, you will be able to:
1. Identify the abilities demanded in the gap-filling task in High School Entrance Exam.
2. Analyze the structure of the discourse of gap-filling.
3. learn about two kinds of cohesion: lexical and grammatical cohesion.
4. Analyze gap-filling tasks by using these two kinds of cohesion.
and apply the skills into exercises in class .
Activity 1
析考纲, 联语篇
Introduction 考情介绍
What is the gap-filling task designed to test
近年来五选五考题
中考五选五主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。语篇类型以说明文为主，议论文和记叙文为辅。词数一般为180-200词左右。题材贴近学生生活，主要考查学生的文意重建和逻辑思维能力。
年份 体裁 话题
2025 说明文 专家给出如何培养爱好的建议（爱好）
2024 说明文 如何演讲的建议（演讲）
2023 说明文 如何开启帆船运动（运动）
2022 说明文 安全骑行的建议（自行车）
Introduction 考情介绍
考试说明
主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和把握。
Content
Structure
Logic
宏观角度Macro level
discourse
coherence
语篇连贯
语篇结构
微观角度Micro level
discourse cohesion
衔接流畅
语篇衔接
structure
lexical cohesion词汇衔接
grammatical cohesion 语法衔接
Gap-filling
requirements
语篇结构
step 1. 理清结构
总-分-总
general -detail -general
总-分
general-detail
step 2. 语篇连贯
beginning part 段首
body part 段中
ending part 段尾
小标题或者段落主旨句，总结后文
1. 作为论据支撑主旨句---举例论证、解释观点、说明原因
2. 承上启下（常考）
1.多为结论、概括性语句；
2.有时和上下文紧密联系，承上启下；
3.或者和首句呼应
文章结构：总--分
语篇结构
Activity 1
析考纲, 联语篇
Task one:
2. What is the topic of the text
语篇结构
1. How many paragraphs of the text
3. What is the structure of the text
语篇衔接
语篇衔接
词汇衔接
语法衔接
语法衔接
Grammatical
cohesion
照应Reference
连接词 Conjunction
替代Substitution
省略Ellipsis
照应是指用人称代词或指示代词等语法手段来表示的一种语义关系，也就是用代词代替前文提到的人或物，前后形成照应关系便于阅读。照应常分为人称照应（it, them, she...）和指示照应(this, that ,those, these)。
语篇衔接之语法衔接：代词
On New Year's Day of 2023，many people were enjoying their holidays. Edward Tian, a computer science student at Princeton University, was working on a new app. 66.__ ____
A. He decided to name the app GPTZero.
B. The less familiar it is, the more likely it is to be the work of a human.
C. These include answering questions, explaining ideas, and writing stories.
语篇衔接之语法衔接：代词
Tip2:语法衔接：代词
2. If you find a wild animal or plant somewhere, don't take it home. 68.__ __Wild animals and plants need to stay in their home environment to survive.
语篇衔接之语法衔接：代词
A. You can take a picture of it instead.
B. Reading books about wildlife is also a good choice.
C. Some animals can get sick from eating human food
2. According to recent studies, many teenagers are getting just about six hours’ sleep, rather than the nine hours they need. 66._____Lifestyle changes may be the cause, including staying up late to play online games or use social media.
Sleep has always been important.
They get less sleep than they need
So far he has had some important findings.
语篇衔接之语法衔接：代词
4. ◆Ask a librarian(图书管理员).
The best people to throw your questions at are librarians! 67.____If you tell librarians what you've read before and what you like or dislike about it, they will suggest some possible books for you to try.
语篇衔接之语法衔接：代词
A. Challenge yourself
B. They are cool book brains.
C. You can also read reviews online.
5. Dr. Salem has spent years studying the effects of lack of sleep on teenagers. 68_____. For example, he found that the 15-year-old teenagers with less sleep performed no better than a 13-year-old on tests.69. ______ If a teenager is studying a foreign language during the daytime, his or her brain needs enough sleep to encode(编码)new words into the long-term memory. Without enough sleep, new words are forgotten.
Sleep has always been important.
They get less sleep than they need
So far he has had some important findings.
And sleep loss also makes the brain less active.
He explains the role of sleep in helping language learning.
Tip2:词汇衔接：同词复现
语篇衔接之语法衔接：代词
语篇衔接
语篇衔接
词汇衔接
原词复现
同义词/近义词复现
反义词复现
同一语境范畴词复现
同源词复现
语法衔接
人称照应（it/they /he /them ）
指代照应（this /these /those ）
比较照应（also， similarly）
句式衔接（句式前后一致；注意标点符号）
In 1885，the first successful “safety” bicycle was designed.The seat of this bike was positioned further back towards the middle of the bike.And a basic gearing(齿轮) system was added.The new design also added other important things.63 It solved safety matters by reducing the size of the front wheel.The rest，as they say，is history！
语篇衔接之同词复现
A.With these，the safety bicycle was born.
B.So it was dangerous to ride these bicycles.
C.Today's bicycles are light，fast，and comfortable.
D.And that allowed the rider to keep both feet on at all times.
词汇衔接：原词复现
Scientists found a lack(缺乏)of sleep can cause worrying changes in a teenager's brain. 67._____As a result, the brain is less able to learn because it cannot take in and understand information properly. The teenagers who had less sleep find it more difficult to reach a goal that has been set for them.
70._______. And now, there is more scientific evidence(证据)toprove just how much sleep matters.
语篇衔接之同词复现
A. Sleep has always been important.
B. They get less sleep than they need
C. So far he has had some important findings.
D. And sleep loss also makes the brain less active.
E. He explains the role of sleep in helping language learning.
词汇衔接：同义词
In the late 1870s，a huge front wheel was used and the seat was moved forward so that the rider could sit directly over the front wheel and pedals.However，the rider sat up high over a huge front wheel and easily fell down.62 .
B.So it was dangerous to ride these bicycles.
词汇衔接：同畴词
If you find it hard to study on your own，you can sign up for a virtual study room online.60 When you want to play on your smartphone，the supervisor(监督员) will step in to bring you back to the matter at hand right away.
D.There will be somebody who can keep an eye on you.
语篇衔接之同词复现
语
篇
结
构
与
语
篇
衔
接
语
篇
结
构
与
语
篇
衔
接
Task 3
实战练习；真题演练
SUMMARY
外练筋骨皮---重结构与语篇
内练一口气---析内容和逻辑
Homework:
1. Draw a mind map about the strategies in completing gap-filling tests learned in this class.
2. Finish the rest of gap-filling tests in the learning plan using these strategies.
Thank you！

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