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Unit 2 Stay Healthy 单词解析 四
1.extinguisher(名词)灭火器
[用法讲解] extinguisher为可数名词，其复数形式为extinguishers.
Eg: Every home should have a fire extinguisher in case of emergency.
每个家庭都应该配备灭火器，以防紧急情况。
[派生词] extinguish为动词，译为"熄灭";
extinguishable为形容词，译为"可熄灭的".
Eg: The firefighters worked hard to extinguish the big fire in the forest.
消防员们努力扑灭森林里的大火。
The fire was extinguishable with water.
此火灾可用水扑灭。
[即学即用]
Do you know how to use a fire_________(灭火器)
答案：extinguisher
2.eat out 上馆子吃饭，在外用餐
Eg:We eat out every Friday.
我们每周五外出吃饭。
We ate out at a new Italian restaurant.
我们在一家新开的意大利餐厅吃了饭。
I ate out with my friends yesterday.
我昨天和朋友们出去吃了饭。
[易混辨析] eat out与take out区别：
eat out常指外出去餐馆内用餐；
take out常指打包带走食物。
[即学即用]
会议期间我们出去吃，节省时间。
We ___________during the conference to save time.
答案：ate out
3.tonight(副词)在今晚；(名词)今夜，今晚
[用法讲解] tonight为副词时，常作时间状语；作名词时可作主语，宾语等。
Eg: We are going to the movies tonight.
我们今晚要去看电影。
Tonight will be cold.
今晚会很冷。
Let's meet tonight.
我们今晚见吧。
[即学即用]
The weather forecast says it will rain t________.
答案：tonight
4.sadly(副词)伤心地，令人遗憾
[用法讲解] sadly在句中常位于句首，用来修饰整个句子，也可位于动词前后修饰动词。
Eg: Sadly, she missed the flight.
遗憾的是，她错过了航班。
She smiled sadly at the news.
她听到这个消息后悲伤地笑了。
[常见搭配] sadly to say 遗憾地说
sadly for sb. 对某人来说不幸的是
Eg: Sadly to say, the project has failed.
遗憾地说，项目失败了。
Sadly for him, he didn't get the job.
对他来说不幸的是，他没得到这份工作。
[派生词] sad为形容词，译为"悲伤的".
Eg: She is a sad person.
她是个悲伤的人。
[即学即用]
They hugged________(sad) at the airport.
答案：sadly
5.smoke(名词)烟；(动词)吸烟，冒烟
[用法讲解] smoke为不可数名词。
Eg: There is a lot of smoke coming from the chimney.
从烟囱里冒出很多烟。
He smokes a pack of cigarettes a day.
他一天抽一包香烟。
[常见搭配] no smoke without fire 无风不起浪
a puff of smoke 一缕烟
smoke alarm 烟雾报警器
Eg: There are rumors about him, and no smoke without fire.
有关于他的谣言，无风不起浪嘛。
The train disappeared in a puff of smoke.
火车消失在一缕烟中。
The smoke alarm went off when she burned the toast.
她烤焦面包中烟雾报警器响了。
[派生词] smoky为形容词，译为"烟雾弥漫的，烟熏味的";
smoker为名词，译为"吸烟者".
Eg: The smoky flavor of the barbecue was delicious.
烧烤的烟熏味很美味。
Many public places have banned smokers.
许多公共场所禁止吸烟者进入。
[即学即用]
The s________ from the fire was visible from miles away.
答案：smoke
6.unfortunately(副词)不幸地，可惜地
[用法讲解] unfortunately在句中常位于句首，用来修饰整个句子，也可位于动词前后修饰动词。
Eg: Unfortunately, the flight was delayed.
不幸的是，航班延误了。
The package arrived, unfortunately damaged.
包裹送到了，但不幸的是损坏了。
[常见搭配] end unfortunately 以不幸收场
Eg: Their vacation ended unfortunately with a lost passport.
他们的假期以丢失护照的不幸结局告终。
[派生词]unfortunate为形容词，译为"不幸的";
fortunately为副词，译为"幸运地".
Eg: It's an unfortunate situation.
这是个不幸的情况。
Fortunately, I had backup copies of the files.
幸运的是，我有文件的备份。
[即学即用]
_____________(fortunate), the rescue efforts were hampered by bad weather.
答案：Unfortunately
7.luckily(副词)幸运地
[用法讲解]luckily可位于句首修饰整个句子。
Eg: Luckily, I found my lost keys just in time.
幸好我及时找到了丢失的钥匙。
[派生词] luck为名词，译为"幸运";
lucky为形容词，译为"幸运的".
Eg: Good luck to you.
祝你好运。
You are so lucky.
你真幸运。
[常见搭配] good luck 好运
lucky day 幸运日
lucky dog 幸运儿
Eg: It's really a lucky day for me.
今天对我来说真是幸运的一天。
You are lucky dog.
你事幸运儿。
[即学即用]
__________(Luck), she passed the exam.
答案：Luckily
8.badly(副词)严重地
[用法讲解] badly在句中常用来修饰动词或形容词。
Eg: She sang badly in the competition.
她在比赛中唱得很糟糕。
I'm badly hurt.
我受伤很重要。
[派生词]bad为形容词，译为"坏的，糟糕的，严重的".
Eg: This is a bad idea.
这是个坏主意。
I feel bad about missing the meeting.
我为错过会议而感到糟糕。
[即学即用]
I hurt my ankle_________(bad) while playing football.
答案：badly
9.harm(名词/动词)伤害，损害
[用法讲解]harm为名词，译为"伤害";harm也可为动词，译为"对..有害".
Eg:Hard work never did anyone any harm.
努力工作对任何人都绝无害处。
Pollution can harm marine life.
污染会危及海洋生物。
[常见搭配] do harm to sb. 对某人有害
Eg: He did harm to me intentionally.
他故意对我造成伤害。
[派生词]harmful为形容词，译为"有害的".
Eg: Harmful chemicals were released into the air.
有害化学物质被释放到空气中。
[常见搭配]be harmful to do sth.对...有害
It is harmful to do sth.做某事是有害的
Eg: Smoking is harmful to your health.
吸烟对你的健康有害。
It is harmful to drink too much alcohol.
喝太多的酒有害。
[即学即用]
1.躺在床上看书对你的眼睛是有害的。
Reading bed will______________your eyes.
2.Tears help to protect the eye from potentially__________(harm) foreign bodies.
答案：1.do harm to 2.harmful
10.pill(名词)药丸，药片
[用法讲解] pill为可数名词，其复数形式为 pills.
Eg: You should take this pill three times a day after meals.
你应该饭后一天吃三次这种药。
[常见搭配] take a pill 吃药
a bottle of pills一瓶药
Eg: I need to take a pill for my cold.
我需要吃一片治感冒的药。
She bought a bottle of pills at the pharmacy.
她在药店买了一瓶药。
[易混辨析] tablet, capsule与pill区别：
tablet特指通过压制形成的扁平方形药片；
capsule指胶囊(外壳为明胶，内含粉末或液体);
pill通用性强，强调药物形态(圆形/椭圆形固体).
Eg: a paracetamol tablet 扑热息痛片剂
a vitamin capsule 维生素胶囊
an aspirin pill 阿司匹林药丸
[即学即用]
The doctor prescribed some p________ for my cough.
答案：pills
11.painful(形容词)疼痛的，令人痛苦的
[用法讲解] painful在句中常作定语或表语。
Eg: She felt a painful sting when the bee bit her.
蜜蜂蛰她时，她感到一阵剧痛。
My tooth feels painful.
我的牙很痛。
[常见搭配] painful (to do sth.) 做某事很痛苦(强调动作的困难或不适)
painful for+人称 强调对特定对象的负面影响
be in pain 处于痛苦之中(身体或情感上)
Eg: It's painful to watch him struggle.
看着他挣扎很痛苦。
The delay was painful for the team.
延误对团队造成了困扰。
She was in great pain after the accident.
事故发生后，她痛苦不堪。
[派生词] painfully为副词，译为"痛苦地，非常";
pain为名词，译为"疼痛";pain也可为动词，译为"使疼痛".
Eg: He looked at me painfully.
他痛苦地看着我。
The problem is painfully obvious.
这个问题非常明显。
The pain in his leg made it difficult for him to walk.
他腿上的疼痛使他走路很困难。
His rude words pained his friends.
他粗鲁的话让朋友们很烦恼。
[常见搭配] in pain 处于痛苦之中
take pains to do sth. 煞费苦心地做某事
spare no pains to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
Eg: The injured man was lying in pain on the ground.
受伤的男子痛苦地躺在地上。
She took pains to make sure everyone was comfortable at the party.
她煞费苦心地确保派对上的每个人都感到舒适。
The teacher spared no pains to help the students improve their grades.
老师不遗余力地帮助学生提高成绩。
[即学即用]
Losing the game taught us a________(pain) lesson.
答案：painful
12.lie(动词)平躺，平放
[用法讲解] lie作动词译为"平躺"等时，其过去式为lay，过去分词为lain;lie作动词，译为"说谎"时过去式为lied，过去分词为lied;lie还可作名词，译为"谎言".
Eg: The cat is lying on the floor.
猫躺在地板上。
He lied about his grades.
他撒谎了关于他的成绩。
He told a lie to cover up his mistake.
他撒谎来掩盖他的错误。
[常见搭配] tell a lie 说谎
lie to sb. 对某人说话
lie down 躺下
lie in bed躺在床上
the lie of the land形势，局势
Eg: You shouldn't tell a lie.
你不应该说谎。
Don't lie to me!
别对我说谎!
Let me lie down for a rest.
让我躺下休息一会儿。
He was lying in bed, sound asleep.
他正躺在床上，睡得很香。
Before making a decision, we need to know the lie of the land.
在做决定之前，我们需要了解局势。
[即学即用]
1.我累了。我需要躺一会儿休息一下。
I'm tired. I need to _______________for a while.
( )2.He_______ a layer of hay in the field.
答案：1.lie down 2.D
13.hit(动词)碰撞，击，打；(名词)打，击，击中
[用法讲解]hit为动词，还可译为"突然想起，完成"等；hit作名词，还可译为"成功的事物".
Eg: The car hit the tree.
车子撞到了树上。
The idea hit me when I woke up this morning.
今天早晨醒来时我突然想到了一个主意。
The town was hit by a severe flood.
这个小镇遭受了严重的洪水。
The temperature hit 30 degrees Celsius today.
今天的温度达到了30摄氏度。
The movie was one of the biggest hits of the year.
这部电影是当年最卖座的作品之一。
[常见搭配] hit sb. on/ in the+身体部位击中某人的某个身体部位
hit sth. with sth. 用某物击打某物
hit it off 相处融洽
Eg: The thief hit the police officer on the shoulders.
这个窃贼打中了警察的肩膀。
He hit the ball with a bat.
他用球棒打了那个球。
We hit it off right away.
我们一见面就很投缘。
[易混辨析] beat与hit区别：
beat强调有节奏地，连续地击打，常与鼓，心脏等搭配，也可表示在比赛中打败对手；
hit侧重于一次性的，有力的击打，对象可以是各种事物。
Eg: The drummer beats the drum regularly.
鼓手有节奏地敲鼓。
He hit the ball hard.
他用力击球。
[即学即用]
He__________(hit) the nail with the hammer.
答案：hit
14.shock(名词)震惊，令人震惊的事；(动词)使震惊，使惊愕
[用法讲解] shock作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为shocks.
Eg: It was a shock to discover the truth.
发现真相令人震惊。
The scandal shocked the community.
丑闻震惊了整个社区。
[常见搭配] in shock 处于震惊状态，休克
shock troops 突击部队
be shocked at/ by sth. 因某事感到震惊
cultural shock a 文化冲击
Eg: After hearing the bad news, she was in shock for a long time.
听到这个坏消息后，她长期处于震惊状态。
The shock troops were sent to the front line to launch a surprise attack.
突击部队被派往前线发动突袭。
I was shocked at how much weight he had lost.
我对他瘦了这么多感到震惊。
Many travelers experience cultural shock when visiting foreign countries.
许多游客在国外会经历文化冲击。
[派生词] shocking为形容词，译为"令人震惊的"(修饰物);
shocked为形容词，译为"感到震惊的"(修饰人).
Eg: The results revealed a shocking truth.
结果揭示了一个骇人的真相。
The shocked crowd gathered around the accident site.
震惊的人群聚集在事故现场。
[即学即用]
1.She reacted with_________(震惊)to the sudden proposal.
2.I was_________ (shock) at the sight of the accident.
答案：1.shock 2.shocked
15.bleed(动词)流血，出血
[用法讲解] bleed作动词，还可译为"渗出，榨取"，其过去式为bled，其过去分词为bled.
Eg: He bled profusely from the wound.
他伤口大量出血。
The ink bled through the paper.
墨水渗到了纸的背面。
The corrupt official bled the company dry.
那个贪官把公司的钱财榨干了。
[常见搭配] bleed off 放掉(液体，气体等)，逐渐减弱
bleed through 渗色，显现出来
bleed into 逐渐影响
Eg: Bleed off the excess air from the tire.
放掉轮胎里多余的空气。
The enthusiasm for the project began to bleed off.
对这个项目的热情开始逐渐减弱。
His past mistakes are bleeding through in his current behavior.
他过去的错误在他现在的行为中显现出来了。
Her personal life bled into her work.
她的个人生活逐渐影响了工作。
[派生词]bleeding为形容词，译为"流血的";
blood为名词，译为"血液".
Eg: Look at the bleeding cut on her arm.
看她手臂上流血的伤口。
Blood tests are essential for diagnosing Diseases.
血液检查对诊断疾病至关重要。
[即学即用]
The soldier________(blood) heavily on the battlefield.
答案：bled
16.check(动词)检查，查明；(名词)检查，调查
[用法讲解] check作名词时，还可译为"支票", 其复数形式为checks.
Eg:Please check your answers before submitting the exam.
请在提交试卷前核对答案。
You always have to go through security checks at the airport.
你总是要在机场通过安全检查。
I wrote a check for the purchase of a new car.
我开了一张支票用于购买新车。
[常见搭配] check in 报到，登记
check out 结账离开，检验
check over 仔细检查
Eg: We need to check in by 6 pm.
我们需要在下午6点前办理入住手续。
They checked out this morning.
他们今天早上办理了退房手续。
The doctor checked over the patient's condition.
医生仔细检查了病人的病情。
[即学即用]
C________ your answers before handing in the paper.
答案：Check
17.tight(形容词)疼痛的，憋气的，紧的，牢固的
[用法讲解] tight作形容词，还可译为"严格的，拮据的";tight还可为副词，译为"紧紧地".
Eg: The lid is too tight. I can't open it.
这个盖子太紧了，我打不开。
The company has a tight security system.
这家公司有严格的安全系统。
Our schedule is pretty tight today.
我们今天的日程安排相当紧张。
The two teams have a tight relationship.
这两支队伍关系很密切。
He held the baby tight in his arms.
他把婴儿紧紧地抱在怀里。
[用法讲解] be tight with sb. 与某人关系亲必
Eg: I'm tight with my best friend from college.
我和大学最好的朋友关系很亲密。
[派生词]tightly为副词，译为"紧紧地".
Eg: She closed the door tightly behind her.
她紧紧地关上了身后的门。
[即学即用]
These jeans feel_______(紧的)around the waist.
答案：tight
18.peanut(名词)花生
[用法讲解] peanut为可数名词，其复数形式为 peanuts，也可表示"微不足道的人/物".
Eg: Peanuts are rich in protein.
花生富含蛋白质。
Don't be a peanut in the team. Try to show your abilities.
不要在团队里做个微不足道的人。试着展示你的能力。
[常见搭配] peanuts (as) payment 微薄的薪水
Eg: He works hard but gets only peanuts as payment.
他工作很努力，但报酬却极少。
[即学即用]
The little boy is eating________(花生) happily.
答案：peanuts
19.nervously(副词)紧张不安地
[用法讲解] nervously在句中常用来修饰动词。
Eg: He nervously glanced around the room.
他紧张地环顾房间。
[派生词] nervous为形容词，译为"紧张的，焦急的".
Eg: I always feel nervous before an exam.
考试前我总是感到紧张。(作表语)
He is a nervous person and gets worried easily.
他是个容易紧张的人，很容易担心。(作定语)
[常见搭配] be nervous about ... 对...感到紧张
make sb.nervous 使某人紧张
Eg: She is nervous about flying.
她对坐飞机感到紧张。
The loud noise made me nervous.
那巨大的噪音让我紧张。
[即学即用]
1.The students _________(nervous) flipped through their notes before the final exam.
2.他对工作面试感到紧张。
He was_____________the job interview.
答案：1.nervously 2. nervous about
20.allergic(形容词)过敏的
[用法讲解] allergic在句中常作定语或表语，还可译为"对...极讨厌的".
Eg: Some children are allergic to certain antibiotics.
一些孩子对某些抗生素过敏。
He's allergic to conflict and always tries to avoid arguments.
他极度反感冲突，总是尽量避免争吵。
[常见搭配] be allergic to sth. 对...过敏，对...极讨厌
have an allergic reaction 产生过敏反应
Eg: I'm allergic to peanuts, so I always check food labels carefully.
我对花生过敏，因此总是仔细检查食品标签。
She had an allergic reaction after eating the nuts.
她吃了坚果后产生了过敏反应。
[派生词] allergy为名词，译为"过敏";
allergens为名词，译为"过敏原".
Eg: He has a food allergy.
他有食物过敏症。
Dust mites are common allergens.
尘螨是常见过敏原。
[即学即用]
病人对青霉素过敏，医生开了替代药物。
The patient_______________penicillin and was given an alternative drug.
答案：is allergic to
21.from now on 从现在起
Eg: From now on, I will try my best to exercise every day to keep healthy.
从现在起，我会尽我最大的努力每天锻炼来保持健康。
[即学即用]
从现在起，我会课前预习，课后复习功课。
_____________, I will preview the lessons before class and review them after class.
答案：From now on
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共55张PPT)
Unit 2 Stay Healthy
八年级
人教2026春
下
单词解析 四
1.extinguisher(名词)灭火器
[用法讲解]extinguisher为可数名词，其复数形式为extinguishers.
Eg:Every home should have a fire extinguisher in case of emergency.
每个家庭都应该配备灭火器，以防紧急情况。
[派生词] extinguish为动词，译为"熄灭";
extinguishable为形容词，译为"可熄灭的".
Eg:Thefirefighters worked hard to extinguish the big fire in the forest.
消防员们努力扑灭森林里的大火。
The fire was extinguishable with water.
此火灾可用水扑灭。
[即学即用]
Do you know how to use a fire_________(灭火器)
extinguisher
2.eat out 上馆子吃饭，在外用餐
Eg:We eat out every Friday.
我们每周五外出吃饭。
We ate out at a new Italian restaurant.
我们在一家新开的意大利餐厅吃了饭。
I ate out with my friends yesterday.
我昨天和朋友们出去吃了饭。
[易混辨析] eat out与take out区别：
eat out常指外出去餐馆内用餐；
take out常指打包带走食物。
[即学即用]
会议期间我们出去吃，节省时间。
We ___________during the conference to save time.
ate out
3.tonight(副词)在今晚；(名词)今夜，今晚
[用法讲解]tonight为副词时，常作时间状语；作名词时可作主语，宾语等。
Eg: We are going to the movies tonight.
我们今晚要去看电影。
Tonight will be cold.
今晚会很冷。
Let's meet tonight.
我们今晚见吧。
[即学即用]
The weather forecast says it will rain t________.
onight
4.sadly(副词)伤心地，令人遗憾
[用法讲解]sadly在句中常位于句首，用来修饰整个句子，也可位于动词前后修饰动词。
Eg: Sadly, she missed the flight.
遗憾的是，她错过了航班。
She smiled sadly at the news.
她听到这个消息后悲伤地笑了。
[常见搭配]sadly to say遗憾地说
sadly for sb.对某人来说不幸的是
Eg: Sadly to say, the project has failed.
遗憾地说，项目失败了。
Sadly for him, he didn't get the job.
对他来说不幸的是，他没得到这份工作。
[派生词] sad为形容词，译为"悲伤的".
Eg: She is a sad person.
她是个悲伤的人。
[即学即用]
They hugged________(sad) at the airport.
sadly
5.smoke(名词)烟；(动词)吸烟，冒烟
[用法讲解]smoke为不可数名词。
Eg: There is a lot of smoke coming from the chimney.
从烟囱里冒出很多烟。
He smokes a pack of cigarettes a day.
他一天抽一包香烟。
[常见搭配]no smoke without fire无风不起浪
a puff of smoke一缕烟
smoke alarm烟雾报警器
Eg: There are rumors about him, and no smoke without fire.
有关于他的谣言，无风不起浪嘛。
The train disappeared in a puff of smoke.
火车消失在一缕烟中。
The smoke alarm went off when she burned the toast.
她烤焦面包中烟雾报警器响了。
[派生词]smoky为形容词，译为"烟雾弥漫的，烟熏味的";
smoker为名词，译为"吸烟者".
Eg: The smoky flavor of the barbecue was delicious.
烧烤的烟熏味很美味。
Many public places have banned smokers.
许多公共场所禁止吸烟者进入。
[即学即用]
The s________ from the fire was visible from miles away.
moke
6.unfortunately(副词)不幸地，可惜地
[用法讲解] unfortunately在句中常位于句首，用来修饰整个句子，也可位于动词前后修饰动词。
Eg: Unfortunately, the flight was delayed.
不幸的是，航班延误了。
Thepackagearrived, unfortunately damaged.
包裹送到了，但不幸的是损坏了。
[常见搭配]end unfortunately以不幸收场
Eg:Their vacation ended unfortunately with a lost passport.
他们的假期以丢失护照的不幸结局告终。
[派生词]unfortunate为形容词，译为"不幸的";
fortunately为副词，译为"幸运地".
Eg: It's an unfortunate situation.
这是个不幸的情况。
Fortunately, I had backup copies of the files.
幸运的是，我有文件的备份。
[即学即用]
_____________(fortunate), the rescue efforts were hampered by bad weather.
Unfortunately
7.luckily(副词)幸运地
[用法讲解]luckily可位于句首修饰整个句子。
Eg: Luckily, I found my lost keys just in time.
幸好我及时找到了丢失的钥匙。
[派生词] luck为名词，译为"幸运";
lucky为形容词，译为"幸运的".
Eg: Good luck to you.
祝你好运。
You are so lucky.
你真幸运。
[常见搭配]good luck好运
lucky day幸运日
lucky dog幸运儿
Eg: It's really a lucky day for me.
今天对我来说真是幸运的一天。
You are lucky dog.
你事幸运儿。
[即学即用]
__________(Luck), she passed the exam.
Luckily
8.badly(副词)严重地
[用法讲解]badly在句中常用来修饰动词或形容词。
Eg: She sang badly in the competition.
她在比赛中唱得很糟糕。
I'm badly hurt.
我受伤很重要。
[派生词]bad为形容词，译为"坏的，糟糕的，严重的".
Eg: This is a bad idea.
这是个坏主意。
I feel bad about missing the meeting.
我为错过会议而感到糟糕。
[即学即用]
I hurt my ankle_________(bad) while playing football.
badly
9.harm(名词/动词)伤害，损害
[用法讲解]harm为名词，译为"伤害";harm也可为动词，译为"对..有害".
Eg:Hard work never did anyone any harm.
努力工作对任何人都绝无害处。
Pollution can harm marine life.
污染会危及海洋生物。
[常见搭配]do harm to sb.对某人有害
Eg: He did harm to me intentionally.
他故意对我造成伤害。
[派生词]harmful为形容词，译为"有害的".
Eg: Harmful chemicals were released into the air.
有害化学物质被释放到空气中。
[常见搭配]be harmful to do sth.对...有害
It is harmful to do sth.做某事是有害的
Eg: Smoking is harmful to your health.
吸烟对你的健康有害。
It is harmful to drink too much alcohol.
喝太多的酒有害。
[即学即用]
1.躺在床上看书对你的眼睛是有害的。
Reading bed will______________your eyes.
2.Tears help to protect the eye from potentially__________(harm) foreign bodies.
do harm to
harmful
10.pill(名词)药丸，药片
[用法讲解] pill为可数名词，其复数形式为pills.
Eg: You should take this pill three times a day after meals.
你应该饭后一天吃三次这种药。
[常见搭配]take a pill吃药
a bottle of pills一瓶药
Eg: I need to take a pill for my cold.
我需要吃一片治感冒的药。
She bought a bottle of pills at the pharmacy.
她在药店买了一瓶药。
[易混辨析]tablet, capsule与pill区别：
tablet特指通过压制形成的扁平方形药片；
capsule指胶囊(外壳为明胶，内含粉末或液体);
pill通用性强，强调药物形态(圆形/椭圆形固体).
Eg: a paracetamol tablet扑热息痛片剂
a vitamin capsule维生素胶囊
an aspirin pill阿司匹林药丸
[即学即用]
The doctor prescribed some p________ for my cough.
ills
11.painful(形容词)疼痛的，令人痛苦的
[用法讲解]painful在句中常作定语或表语。
Eg: She felt a painful sting when the bee bit her.
蜜蜂蛰她时，她感到一阵剧痛。
My tooth feels painful.
我的牙很痛。
[常见搭配] painful (to do sth.)做某事很痛苦(强调动作的困难或不适)
painful for+人称强调对特定对象的负面影响
be in pain处于痛苦之中(身体或情感上)
Eg: It's painful to watch him struggle.
看着他挣扎很痛苦。
The delay was painful for the team.
延误对团队造成了困扰。
She was in great pain after the accident.
事故发生后，她痛苦不堪。
[派生词] painfully为副词，译为"痛苦地，非常";
pain为名词，译为"疼痛";pain也可为动词，译为"使疼痛".
Eg: He looked at me painfully.
他痛苦地看着我。
The problem is painfully obvious.
这个问题非常明显。
The pain in his leg made it difficult for him to walk.
他腿上的疼痛使他走路很困难。
His rude words pained his friends.
他粗鲁的话让朋友们很烦恼。
[常见搭配]in pain处于痛苦之中
take pains to do sth.煞费苦心地做某事
spare no pains to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
Eg: The injured man was lying in pain on the ground.
受伤的男子痛苦地躺在地上。
She took pains to make sure everyone was comfortable at the party.
她煞费苦心地确保派对上的每个人都感到舒适。
The teacher spared no pains to help the students improve their grades.
老师不遗余力地帮助学生提高成绩。
[即学即用]
Losing the game taught us a________(pain) lesson.
painful
12.lie(动词)平躺，平放
[用法讲解] lie作动词译为"平躺"等时，其过去式为lay，过去分词为lain;lie作动词，译为"说谎"时过去式为lied，过去分词为lied;lie还可作名词，译为"谎言".
Eg: The cat is lying on the floor.
猫躺在地板上。
He lied about his grades.
他撒谎了关于他的成绩。
He told a lie to cover up his mistake.
他撒谎来掩盖他的错误。
[常见搭配]tell a lie说谎
lie to sb.对某人说话
lie down躺下
lie in bed躺在床上
the lie of the land形势，局势
Eg: You shouldn't tell a lie.
你不应该说谎。
Don't lie to me!
别对我说谎!
Let me lie down for a rest.
让我躺下休息一会儿。
He was lying in bed, sound asleep.
他正躺在床上，睡得很香。
Before making a decision, we need to know the lie of the land.
在做决定之前，我们需要了解局势。
[即学即用]
1.我累了。我需要躺一会儿休息一下。
I'm tired. I need to _______________for awhile.
( )2.He_______ a layer of hay in the field.
lie down
D
13.hit(动词)碰撞，击，打；(名词)打，击，击中
[用法讲解]hit为动词，还可译为"突然想起，完成"等；hit作名词，还可译为"成功的事物".
Eg: The car hit the tree.
车子撞到了树上。
The idea hit me when I woke up this morning.
今天早晨醒来时我突然想到了一个主意。
The town was hit by a severe flood.
这个小镇遭受了严重的洪水。
The temperature hit 30 degrees Celsius today.
今天的温度达到了30摄氏度。
The movie was one of the biggest hits of the year.
这部电影是当年最卖座的作品之一。
[常见搭配] hit sb. on/ in the+身体部位击中某人的某个身体部位
hit sth. with sth.用某物击打某物
hit it off相处融洽
Eg: The thief hit the police officer on the shoulders.
这个窃贼打中了警察的肩膀。
He hit the ball with a bat.
他用球棒打了那个球。
We hit it off right away.
我们一见面就很投缘。
[易混辨析]beat与hit区别：
beat强调有节奏地，连续地击打，常与鼓，心脏等搭配，也可表示在比赛中打败对手；
hit侧重于一次性的，有力的击打，对象可以是各种事物。
Eg: The drummer beats the drum regularly.
鼓手有节奏地敲鼓。
He hit the ball hard.
他用力击球。
[即学即用]
He__________(hit) the nail with the hammer.
hit
14.shock(名词)震惊，令人震惊的事；(动词)使震惊，使惊愕
[用法讲解]shock作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为shocks.
Eg: It was a shock to discover the truth.
发现真相令人震惊。
The scandal shocked the community.
丑闻震惊了整个社区。
[常见搭配]in shock处于震惊状态，休克
shock troops突击部队
be shocked at/ by sth.因某事感到震惊
cultural shocka文化冲击
Eg: After hearing the bad news, she was in shock for a long time.
听到这个坏消息后，她长期处于震惊状态。
The shock troops were sent to the front line to launch a surprise attack.
突击部队被派往前线发动突袭。
I was shocked at how much weight he had lost.
我对他瘦了这么多感到震惊。
Many travelers experience cultural shock when visiting foreign countries.
许多游客在国外会经历文化冲击。
[派生词] shocking为形容词，译为"令人震惊的"(修饰物);
shocked为形容词，译为"感到震惊的"(修饰人).
Eg: The results revealed a shocking truth.
结果揭示了一个骇人的真相。
The shocked crowd gathered around the accident site.
震惊的人群聚集在事故现场。
[即学即用]
1.She reacted with_________(震惊)to the sudden proposal.
2.I was_________ (shock) at the sight of the accident.
shock
shocked
15.bleed(动词)流血，出血
[用法讲解] bleed作动词，还可译为"渗出，榨取"，其过去式为bled，其过去分词为bled.
Eg: He bled profusely from the wound.
他伤口大量出血。
The ink bled through the paper.
墨水渗到了纸的背面。
The corrupt official bled the company dry.
那个贪官把公司的钱财榨干了。
[常见搭配]bleed off放掉(液体，气体等)，逐渐减弱
bleed through渗色，显现出来
bleed into逐渐影响
Eg: Bleed off the excess air from the tire.
放掉轮胎里多余的空气。
The enthusiasm for the project began to bleed off.
对这个项目的热情开始逐渐减弱。
His past mistakes are bleeding through in his current behavior.
他过去的错误在他现在的行为中显现出来了。
Her personal life bled into her work.
她的个人生活逐渐影响了工作。
[派生词]bleeding为形容词，译为"流血的";
blood为名词，译为"血液".
Eg: Look at the bleeding cut on her arm.
看她手臂上流血的伤口。
Blood tests are essential for diagnosing Diseases.
血液检查对诊断疾病至关重要。
[即学即用]
The soldier________(blood) heavily on the battlefield.
bled
16.check(动词)检查，查明；(名词)检查，调查
[用法讲解]check作名词时，还可译为"支票",其复数形式为checks.
Eg:Please check your answers before submitting the exam.
请在提交试卷前核对答案。
Youalways have to go through security checks at the airport.
你总是要在机场通过安全检查。
I wrote a check for the purchase of a new car.
我开了一张支票用于购买新车。
[常见搭配]check in报到，登记
check out结账离开，检验
check over仔细检查
Eg: We need to check in by 6 pm.
我们需要在下午6点前办理入住手续。
They checked out this morning.
他们今天早上办理了退房手续。
The doctor checked over the patient's condition.
医生仔细检查了病人的病情。
[即学即用]
C________ your answers before handing in the paper.
heck
17.tight(形容词)疼痛的，憋气的，紧的，牢固的
[用法讲解] tight作形容词，还可译为"严格的，拮据的";tight还可为副词，译为"紧紧地".
Eg: The lid is too tight. I can't open it.
这个盖子太紧了，我打不开。
The company has a tight security system.
这家公司有严格的安全系统。
Our schedule is pretty tight today.
我们今天的日程安排相当紧张。
The two teams have a tight relationship.
这两支队伍关系很密切。
He held the baby tight in his arms.
他把婴儿紧紧地抱在怀里。
[用法讲解]be tight with sb.与某人关系亲必
Eg: I'm tight with my best friend from college.
我和大学最好的朋友关系很亲密。
[派生词]tightly为副词，译为"紧紧地".
Eg: She closed the door tightly behind her.
她紧紧地关上了身后的门。
[即学即用]
These jeans feel_______(紧的)around the waist.
tight
18.peanut(名词)花生
[用法讲解] peanut为可数名词，其复数形式为 peanuts，也可表示"微不足道的人/物".
Eg: Peanuts are rich in protein.
花生富含蛋白质。
Don't be a peanut in the team. Try to show your abilities.
不要在团队里做个微不足道的人。试着展示你的能力。
[常见搭配]peanuts (as) payment微薄的薪水
Eg: He works hard but gets only peanuts as payment.
他工作很努力，但报酬却极少。
[即学即用]
The little boy is eating________(花生) happily.
peanuts
19.nervously(副词)紧张不安地
[用法讲解]nervously在句中常用来修饰动词。
Eg: He nervously glanced around the room.
他紧张地环顾房间。
[派生词]nervous为形容词，译为"紧张的，焦急的".
Eg: I always feel nervous before an exam.
考试前我总是感到紧张。(作表语)
He is a nervous person and gets worried easily.
他是个容易紧张的人，很容易担心。(作定语)
[常见搭配]be nervous about ...对...感到紧张
make sb.nervous使某人紧张
Eg: She is nervous about flying.
她对坐飞机感到紧张。
The loud noise made me nervous.
那巨大的噪音让我紧张。
[即学即用]
1.The students _________(nervous) flipped through their notes before the final exam.
2.他对工作面试感到紧张。
He was_____________the job interview.
nervously
nervous about
20.allergic(形容词)过敏的
[用法讲解]allergic在句中常作定语或表语，还可译为"对...极讨厌的".
Eg: Some children are allergic to certain antibiotics.
一些孩子对某些抗生素过敏。
He's allergic to conflict and always tries to avoid arguments.
他极度反感冲突，总是尽量避免争吵。
[常见搭配]be allergic to sth.对...过敏，对...极讨厌
have an allergic reaction产生过敏反应
Eg: I'm allergic to peanuts, so I always check food labels carefully.
我对花生过敏，因此总是仔细检查食品标签。
She had an allergic reaction after eating the nuts.
她吃了坚果后产生了过敏反应。
[派生词] allergy为名词，译为"过敏";
allergens为名词，译为"过敏原".
Eg: He has a food allergy.
他有食物过敏症。
Dust mites are common allergens.
尘螨是常见过敏原。
[即学即用]
病人对青霉素过敏，医生开了替代药物。
Thepatient_______________penicillin and was given an alternative drug.
is allergic to
21.from now on 从现在起
Eg: From now on, I will try my best to exercise every day to keep healthy.
从现在起，我会尽我最大的努力每天锻炼来保持健康。
[即学即用]
从现在起，我会课前预习，课后复习功课。
_____________, I will preview the lessons before class and review them after class.
From now on
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