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(共23张PPT)
Reading for Writing
Chemical Versus Organic Farming
Evaluate chemical farming and organic farming
adj. 化学的
adj. 有机的
It is fertilizer.
What is the substance (物质) we put on the soil to make
crops grow
Pre-reading
What kind of fertilizers do farmers use
chemical fertilizers
natural fertilizers
Natural waste from animals and dead plants
organic farming
chemical farming
organic farming
organic farming
chemical farming
organic farming
Make a judgement: which is chemical farming and which is organic farming.
B
Now, which one do you prefer
A
Why
1. in my eyes/ in my opinion/from my point of view
My view/ opinion is that ...
2. I'd prefer ...
I'd rather ...
chemical farming
organic farming
A. What organic farming is
B. Why man-made chamical are still used in farming
C. Organic methods for producing rich soil
D. The problems with chemical farminng
Para. 1-2
Para. 3
Para. 4
Para. 5
Read the text and then Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Chemical farming
Organic
farming
Thinking
Para 1
Chemical Versus Organic Farming
Chemical pesticides (杀虫剂) and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase (增长) production. Over time, however, what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and peoples’ health.
1. When have the chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers been widely use in farming
2. Why did many farmers welcome the introduction of chemical farming
3. What concerns many people about the use of pesticides
Para 2
For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria (细菌) and insects (昆虫), but also helpful ones. In addition, these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time. This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest (消化) them. Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer. In fact, some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment. As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition (营养) They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential (极其重要的) minerals (矿物质) , and they often have less flavour (味道；风味) as well.
1. How do pesticides work
2. What is the problem with the use of chemical fertilisers
(Para.1-2)
chemical farming
Advantages Disadvantages
1. 2. harming the land:
killing harmful __________________ as well as _________________
harming people’s health:
These chemicals may make people _____and even _______________
Crops grow too fast to be ___________________.
bacteria and insects
the helpful ones
ill
rich in nutrition
cause cancer
fight crop disease
increase production
Para 3
As an alternative (替代品), some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery (食品杂货店). Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of (免受…) disease through natural means (方式). For example, many organic farmers use natural waste (废料) from animals as fertiliser. This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals (矿物质). It also keeps the air, soil, water, and crops free of (无…的) chemicals.
How is organic farming different from chemical farming
Para 4
Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil. They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year. For instance (例如), they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year, and then grow beans there the next. Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready again for the next batch of crops. Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths (深度) of soil to help keep it rich. For example, peanuts grow on the ground’s surface, but many other vegetables put down deep roots (根). The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people's health.
1. What are the organic methods mentioned in the text
2. What's the goal of using organic farming methods
use natural waste from animals as fertilizer
change the kind of crop grown in each field every year.
to put important minerals back into the ground
to make the soil in the fields richer in minerals
plant diverse crops that use different depth of soil to keep it rich.
to keep the soil rich
Methods Purposes
Para 5
Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made (人造的) chemicals in agriculture entirely (完全地). What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand (需求) for food around the world. Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need. Therefore, there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible.
Why can’t we stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely
chemical
farming
Thinking
organic
farming
advantages
disadvantages
fight crop disease
increase production
lower cost
crops look beautiful outside
......
good food
avoiding damage to the environment or to people's health
......
harm the land
harm people’s health
harm the environment
crops are less in nutrition
......
cannot meet the demand for food
more efforts and higher cost
smelly gases
......
me up with three main points to support your opinion, and then add at least one detail to support each main point.
Writing
Topic sentence: In my opinion, ______ farming is preferable
to ______ farming because______.
Point 1: ________________ Detail:_________________
Point 2: ________________ Detail:_________________
Point 3: ________________ Detail:__________________
Conclusion: __________________________________________
chemical farming VS organic farming
express your opinions:
In my eyes…
I’m opposed to…
I’d prefer… because…
From my point of view,…
What I firmly believe in is that…
make a conclusion:
In summary,
In a word,…
All in all,…
To sum up,…
Transition words Function
For example,… Illustrating
Not only…, but also… Adding more information and emphasizing
In addition,… Adding more information
In turn,… Sequencing
In fact,… Illustrating / Emphasising
As for… Introducing a new topic / thing
…, but… Contrasting
…, and… as well Adding more information
Language Points
Para 1
Chemical Versus Organic Farming
Chemical pesticides (杀虫剂) and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase (增长) production. Over time, however, what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and peoples’ health.
1. 被广泛使用
be in widespread use
2. 首次被引入
be first introduced
3. 做某事的好方法
a great way to do sth
4. 随着时间的推移
over time
5. 长期的
long-term
Para 2
For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria (细菌) and insects (昆虫), but also helpful ones. In addition, these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time. This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest (消化) them. Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer. In fact, some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment. As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition (营养) They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential (极其重要的) minerals (矿物质) , and they often have less flavour (味道；风味) as well.
短语：
1. 此外
in addition
2. 反过来
in turn
3. 富含营养
be rich in nutrition
4. 必要的矿物质
essential minerals
5. 口味不佳
have less flavour
Para 3
As an alternative (替代选择), some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery (食品杂货店). Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of (免受…) disease through natural means (方式). For example, many organic farmers use natural waste (废料) from animals as fertiliser. This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals (矿物质). It also keeps the air, soil, water, and crops free of (无…的) chemicals.
1. 作为替代
as an alternative
2. 转向
swith to/turn to
3. 聚焦于
focus on
4. 免受病害
free of disease
Para 4
Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil. They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year. For instance (例如), they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year, and then grow beans there the next. Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready again for the next batch of crops. Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths (深度) of soil to help keep it rich. For example, peanuts grow on the ground’s surface, but many other vegetables put down deep roots (根). The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people's health.
1. 比如
for instance
2. 扎根很深
put down deep roots
3. 避免破坏环境
avoid damage to the environment
Para 5
Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made (人造的) chemicals in agriculture entirely (完全地). What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand (需求) for food around the world. Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need. Therefore, there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible.
1. 避免做；阻止
keep…from
2. 对…有大量需求
the high demand for
3. 差的远；远远不
be nowhere near able to do sth
4. 做…还有很长的路
a long way to

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