资源简介

(共37张PPT)
UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND
Using Language:
Chemical Versus Organic Farming
Lead-in
Is there any other alternatives of chemical farming
Make a predication according to the photo and the title.
1. What is the text about
Chemical farming
versus organic farming
2. What type of writing is it
A. Narration
B. Exposition
C. Argumentation
Prediction
While-reading
Listen and check your prediction
1. What’s chemical farming
2. What’s organic farming
Para.1
Chemical farming is farming using chemical pesticides and artificial fertilizers.
Para.3
While-reading
Skim and match the questions with each para.
A. Why are man-made chemicals still used in farming
B. What are the problems with chemical farming
C. What is organic farming
D. What are the organic methods for producing rich soil
Para 1-2
Para 3
Para 4
Para 5
1.Why did many farmers welcome the introduction of chemical farming
2. What concerns many people about the use of pesticides
3. What is one problem with the use of chemical fertilisers
4. How is organic farming different from chemical farming
5. Why do organic farmers change the kind of crop grown in a field every year
6. What is the goal of using organic farming methods Do you think it can be reached Why or why not
While-reading
Read and and answer the questions
1. Why did many farmers welcome the introduction of chemical farming
Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop
diseases and increase production.
2. What concerns many people about the use of pesticides
Their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land
and people’s health.
Para.1
While-reading
Read and and answer the questions
3. What is one problem with the use of chemical fertilisers
Crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich
in nutrition.
Para.2
While-reading
Read and and answer the questions
some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment.
Para. Main idea Details
1&2 Problems with Chemical farming Topic sentence: Many farmers welcomed chemical farming as a great way to and .
However,________________________________________.
For example, Pesticides can by killing bacteria and insects.
In addition, .
This affects not only but also _____.
In fact, .
As for chemical fertilizers,
Crops are lacking in________________or have .
increase production
fight crop disease
what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people’s health.
damage the land
these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time.
the crops
animals and humans
nutrition/essential minerals
less flavour
Benefit
Problem
Solution

switch to organic farming
While-reading
Read again and finish the table
What words and expression in Paragraph 2 show the transitions between ideas
4. How is organic farming different from chemical farming
Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of diseases through natural means.
Para.3
While-reading
Read and and answer the questions
5. Why do organic farmers change the kind of crop grown in a field every year
Different crops are grown because they put important
minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the
next batch of crops.
Para.4
While-reading
Read and and answer the questions
Para.4
6. What is the goal of using organic farming methods
The goal of using different organic farming methods is to
grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment
or to people’s health.
While-reading
Read and and answer the questions
Para. Main idea Details
3&4 Organic methods for producing rich soil Topic sentence: Organic farming focuses on keeping the soil rich and free of disease through natural means.
For example, Organic farmers use ____________ from animals as fertiliser.
This makes the soil in their fields _______ in minerals.
It also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free of __________.
Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil.
They often _________________ grown in each field every year.
For instance, they may grow in a filed one year, and then grow there the next.
Why different crops are grown is because they put important __________ back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops.
Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different _________ of soil to help keep it rich.
For example, .
natural waste
richer
chemicals
change the crops
corn or wheat
beans
minerals
depths
peanut grow on the ground’s surface, but many other vegetables put down deep roots
Benefit
While-reading
Read again and finish the table





however, but, on the contrary, instead, on one hand … on the other hand
for example, for instance, in fact, such as, take … for example
both…and…, not only…but also, in addition, and, also, as well, what’s more, besides, furthermore, moreover, what’s worse
why…is because…, therefore, for this reason, thus, consequently, as a ressult
as for, as an alternative
contrast
illustrate
add
cause and effect
introduce a new topic
Post-reading
Read for language features
What’s the author’s attitude towards chemical farming and organic farming
A.Negative B. ambiguous
C. objective D. supportive
What ’s your opinion on chemical or organic farming
Let’s write an argumentative passage about it.
Post-reading
Using Language
第叁部分
Chemical Versus Organic Farming
化学耕作 VS 有机耕作
VS
Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production.
自20世纪中期以来，化学农药和人工化肥在耕作中得到了广泛使用。当它们第一次被引进时，很多农民喜欢使用农药和化肥，把它们作为防治农作物病虫害和提高产量的重要手段。
在广泛使用中
adj.人工的；人造的
to do作后置定语
when引导时间状语从句
since + 过去的时间点，主语用现在完成时
Over time, however, what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people’s health.
然而，随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现长期使用农药和化肥会造成土地受损，对人们的健康造成危害。
what引导主语从句
that引导表语从句
adj.长期的
随着时间的推移
... 和 ...
For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones. In addition, these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time.
例如，农药在杀死病菌和害虫的同时也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。此外，这些化学物质可以在地里和地下水中保存很长时间。
by + doing作方式状语
不仅...而且...
pron. 通常用于替代一个已提到的名词，表示相同类型的另一个对象
此外，另外
水源
单数：bacterium
This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them. Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer.
这会影响生长在土地上的农作物，进而影响到消化它们的动物和人类。许多人担心这些化学物质会使他们生病甚至导致癌症。
相应地
who引导定语从句，作主语
that引导宾语从句
make + 宾语 + 宾补（adj.）
V-ed作后置定语
v. 导致，引起
In fact, some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment. As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition.
事实上，像滴滴涕这样的杀虫剂在大多数国家已经被禁止了，因为它们对人类和环境造成了破坏。至于化肥，施过化肥的农作物通常生长得过快而营养不足。
现在完成时的被动
因为
定语从句，省略that，修饰damage
V-ed作后置定语
事实上
v.禁止；阻止
至于
太...而不...
They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and they often have less flavour as well.
它们表面上很好看，但是里面的水分通常比必需的矿物质多，而且味道也不太好。
adj.必不可少的
n. 味道
也
As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.
作为另一种选择，一些农民开始转向有机耕作，许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时转向有机食品。
n.可供选择的事物
adj.可供替代的
转向；转变
转向
when引导时间状语从句
n./ v. 购买
adj. 有机的
n. 杂货店
Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means.
有机耕作就是不用任何化学肥料的耕作。有机耕作的农民注重通过自然的方式保持土壤肥沃和免受病害。
专注于
keep + 宾语 + 宾补（adj.）
keep ... free of 免受...，使摆脱...
n.手段，方法
后置定语
For example, many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertiliser. This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals. It also keeps the air, soil, water, and crops free of chemicals.
例如，许多有机耕作的农民把天然的动物粪便当作肥料。这样会使他们地里的土壤更富含矿物质，同时还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。
make + 宾语 + 宾补（adj.）
use...as..把...作为...
n.粪便，尿液
keep ... free of 免受...，使摆脱...
Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil. They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year. For instance, they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year, and then grow beans there the next.
有机耕作的农民也使用很多其他的方法来保持土壤肥沃。在同一块地里， 他们经常每隔几年就换种农作物。例如，他们可能一年在一块地里种玉米或小麦后来年再改种豌豆。
use sth to do sth 用...去做...
V-ed作后置定语
例如
Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops. Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.
种植不同的作物是因为它们把重要的矿物质带回土壤，，从而使之适宜于种植下一批作物。有机耕作的农民还种植多种农作物，利用不同层次的土壤来帮助保持肥沃。
why引导主语从句
because引导表语从句
V-ing作结果状语，make + 宾语 + 宾补（adj.）
adj. 不同的，各式各样的
that引导定语从句，作主语
to do作目的状语
keep+ 宾语 + 宾补（adj.）
n.一批
n.向下（或向里）的距离；深（度）
For example peanuts grow on the ground’s surface, but many other vegetables put down deep roots. The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people’s health.
例如，花生种植生长于浅层土壤，但许多其他蔬菜种植生根于深层土壤。使用不同的有机耕作方法的目的是种植好的粮食，避免损害环境或者人们的健康。
把根扎得很深
状语从句的省略
对…造成伤害或损坏
n. 表面，表层
to do 作表语
Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely. What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.
有些人宁愿完全停止在农业中使用人造化学品。阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。
更喜欢做...
what引导主语从句
避免做...，阻止做...
表语
that引导同位语从句
adv.完全地，完整地
meet/serve/satisfy the demand for...满足对...的需求
Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need. Therefore, there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible.
有机耕作完全不能满足那样的需求。因此，要找到一个合适的解决方案，使人们的餐桌上有足够的食物，同时保持人们和环境尽可能地健康仍然有很长的路要走。
远没有；远不及
to do作后置定语
that引导定语从句，作主语
状语从句的省略
adj.充足的
1.Structure of an argumentative essay:
(Para.1)
(Para.2)
An argumentative essay
Your opinion
Supporting point2
(Para.3)
Supporting point3
Supporting point1
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
Summary
Title
Details
Details
Details
Writing
1. 引出话题
Recently, the issue of...has been brought into public focus.
最近，…… 的问题已成为公众关注的焦点。
In recent years, there has been a growing concern about...
近年来，人们越来越关注……
2. 提出争议点
There is a heated debate/discussion today about whether...
如今关于是否…… 存在一场热烈的争论。
Different people hold different views on the question of...
对于…… 的问题，不同的人有不同的看法。
开头段
Sentence patterns
1. 阐述观点一
Firstly, it is widely acknowledged that...首先，人们普遍认为……
To begin with, one of the main reasons is that...首先，主要原因之一是
中间段
2. 阐述观点二（对比或补充）
However, on the other hand, some people argue that...
然而，另一方面，一些人认为……
Nevertheless, there are also those who believe that...不过，也有人认为
3. 举例论证
For example/instance,... 例如……
A case in point is that... 一个恰当的例子是……
Sentence patterns
1. 总结观点
In conclusion, taking all these factors into consideration, we may reasonably draw the conclusion that...
总之，考虑到所有这些因素，我们可以合理地得出结论……
To sum up, both sides have their merits. But from my perspective,...
总而言之，双方都有其优点。但在我看来……
结尾段
2. 提出建议或展望
It is high time that we took some effective measures to...
是时候我们采取一些有效措施来……
Only in this way can we...只有这样我们才能……
Sentence patterns
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