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(共48张PPT)
定语从句
Attributive Clause
Members of a sentence :
1. 主语+谓语（SV）
The math class began.
Members of a sentence :
2. 主语+谓语+宾语（SVO）
The teacher asked a question.
Members of a sentence :
3. 主语+系动词+表语（SP）
Everybody was nervous.
Members of a sentence :
4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（SVIODO）
My parents bought me a gift.
（双宾语）人间植物
Members of a sentence :
高中常考双宾语动词
1. 买 buy sb. sth.
2. 告诉 tell sb. sth.
3. 借出 lend sb. sth.
4. 给 give sb. sth.
5. 提供 offer sb. sth.
6. 展示 show sb. sth.
Members of a sentence :
5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补（SVOC）
My parents made me a fool.
宾语宾补能成句
双宾是俩度立体
你会如何描述这个小女孩？
a cute girl
a beautiful girl
一个可爱的女孩
一个漂亮的女孩
一个住在昆明公园的女孩
a girl who lives in Kunming’s garden
功能：修饰限定名词或代词
定语：形容词
定语从句：形容词从句
的
定语从句三要素
Tracy is an English teacher who likes dancing.
被修饰的名词、代词
先行词
关系词
连词
定从
定语从句：
1. 修饰n./pron.的句子称为定语从句
2. 被修饰的n./pron.称为先行词
3. 先行词与定语从句之间用连词连接，定从的连词称为关系代词/关系副词
定从三要素对应高中三项能力
先行词：①判断从句修饰谁
定从：②判断从句起止点
关系词：③分析从句内结构
①判断定从修饰谁？
They talk to Chinese zookeepers （动物园管理员）who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. （从中国借过来的）
先行词
该定从的先行词是？
①判断定从修饰谁？
Bears occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche (心理), which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg.
先行词
该定从的先行词是？
判断划线句是不是定从？
1. The museum that we visited was built in 1930.
2. My parents said that we would visit a museum.
3. The boy in the classroom needs a pen.
4. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures.
②判断定从起止点？
No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
没有哪个编辑会容忍一个不愿花心思拼写正确的作家。
定从
该定从的起点和终点是？
②判断定从起止点？
The people who get data on mobile devices are often scientists.
定从
该定从的起点和终点是？
②判断定从起止点？
始于连词，终于二动或句末
定从
判断定从起止点？
1. This is the girl who helped me carry my books yesterday.
2. The storybook that has a red cover is my favorite.
3. The reason why he was late is that his bike broke down.
4. Do you know the boy whose father is a doctor
③分析从句内的结构
思考：设空处后面的句子是否缺成分
关系词
She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide is highly accessible and informative.
下列定从缺不缺主语/宾语/表语？
1. Of course, shops are not charities - they price goods in the way will make them the most money.
2. It is producing more top class chefs appear frequently on our TV screens.
3. Some of our memories are funny, especially from the early years our children were little.
下列定从缺不缺主语/宾语？
4. When walking down the street, I came across David
I hadn’t seen.
5. William wants to marry the woman he loves.
6. Now Tracy works from 9 a.m to 5 p.m daily at the pet shop, she opened with her friend.
关系词：关系代词 & 关系副词
关系词
关系代词：缺成分（从句）
关系副词：不缺成分（从句）
关系代词：6个
关系词
1. who：先行词是人，在定从中作主语，宾语或表语
eg). He is a student always studies hard.
eg). He gave a book to the girl we worked with.
关系词
2. which：先行词是物，在定从中作主语或宾语
eg). The watch he’d bought for me was missing.
eg). We planted some trees need more sunshine.
关系词
3. that：先行词是人/物，在定从中作主语，宾语或表语
eg). Kunming is a city has a history of 2000 years.
eg). The old man he talked with suffered from cancer.
eg). Kunming is no longer the place it used to be.
关系词
4. whom：先行词是人，在定从中作宾语
eg). Tom you took care of has recovered from a bad cold.
关系词
5. whose：先行词是人/物，在定从中作定语，“...的”
eg). The house window was broken was being built.
eg). He gave the key to the girl coat was ragged.
关系词
6. as：先行词是人/物，并被such/the same 修饰，在定从中作主语或宾语
eg). He showed me the same book I bought yesterday.
eg). Kunming is such a beautiful place I’d like to visit.
关系词
对比：
1. He came across the same student I did yesterday.
2. The girl wore the same skirt she did yesterday.
3. The girl wore the same skirt she did yesterday.
关系词
区分：
1. the same as：不是同一个，只是同一类
2. the same that：同一个
关系词
先行词指物，只能用that，不能用which的情况：
1. 当先行词为不定代词：everything， something，anything，nothing，little，much，all，each，any等
2. 当先行词被序数词修饰
3. 当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰
4. 当先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰或是the one
关系词
5. 当先行词既有人又有物时
6. 当主句是以who/which开头的疑问句
7. 当主句是there be句型
8. 先行词在定语从句中作表语
eg). He is not the man that he was ten years ago.
定语从句的主谓一致原则
原则：定从的谓语应与先行词保持一致
eg). I who (be) a student plan to go abroad next year.
eg). Tom is one of the students who (be) late for school this morning.
eg). Tom is the only one of the students who (be) late for school this morning.
定语从句的分类
1. 限制性定语从句：对先行词进行描述（无逗号）
The book that I bought yesterday is interesting.
2. 非限制性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明（有逗号）
My sister, who lives in Beijing, will visit me.
关系副词
1. where: 先行词是表地点的名词，在定从中作状语
→作状语：定语从句主干成分全齐（即定从不缺主语/宾语/表语）
eg). This is the school where I used to work.
eg). We were showed around the library where students did some reading.
对比：We were showed around the library those students were building.
关系副词
难点突破：地点模糊的先行词
活动游戏先记牢，（对应：activity、game）
工作家庭网站帮。（对应：job、family、website）
事故案例情形绕，（对应：accident、case、situation）
点系群体氛围到，（对应：point、system、group、atmosphere）
阶段场合别漏掉。（对应：stage、spot）
→总结：翻译为“...中的”
关系副词
练习：
1. ①This is the park ______ we had a picnic last Sunday.
②This is the park ______ we visited last Sunday.
2. ①Do you know the house ______ Tom lives
②Do you know the house ______ Tom bought last year
关系副词
2. when: 先行词是表时间的名词，在定从中作状语
eg). July is approaching when we can have rest.
eg). July is approaching I like most.
关系副词
难点突破：时间模糊的先行词
场合节日遇时刻，（对应：occasion、festival、moment）
十年时期一会儿，（对应：decade、period、a while）
分秒时间别放过。（对应：minute、second）
关系副词
练习：
1. ①The period ______ he studied abroad was hard but meaningful.
②The period ______ he told me about was hard but meaningful.
2. ①The occasion ______ she gave her first speech will always stay in her mind.
②The occasion ______ she described in her diary made us laugh year
关系副词
3. why: 先行词是表原因的名词，在定从中作状语
eg). Tom doesn’t know the reason why she was so angry.
eg). Tom doesn’t know the reason she explained to me.
难点：表原因的先行词
reason, cause, explanation
关系副词
练习：
1. ①The explanation ______ she left early yesterday needs to be checked.
②The explanation ______ she offered for leaving early was too simple.
2. ①The cause ______ he got angry suddenly is still unknown.
②The cause ______ he mentioned for getting angry is hard to believe.
非限制性定语从句中的关系词
关系代词：5个，不能用that
1. who: 先行词是人，在定从中作主/宾/表
2. whom：先行词是人，在定从中作宾
3. which：①先行词是物，在定从中作主/宾
②先行词是前面的整件事，在定从中作主/宾（指代前面的整件事）
非限制性定语从句中的关系词
关系代词：5个
4. whose：先行词是人/物，在定从中作定语
5. as：先行词是前面或后面的整件事，在定从中作主/宾。通常译为“正如”
eg). As is known to us, China is a developing country.
eg). He is an outgoing person, as you can see.
非限制性定语从句中的关系词
关系代词：5个
重点：常用语
as you know, as a saying goes, as is known to us, as we expect, as is often the case, as is expected, as is mentioned above, as sb. puts it
非限制性定语从句中的关系词
关系副词：2个，不能用why
1. where: 先行词是表地点的名词，在定从中作状语
2. when: 先行词是表时间的名词，在定从中作状语
一些特殊的定从
1. 先行词是way，“译为方式、方法”，在定从中的关系词可用that/in which/不填

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