资源简介

(共35张PPT)
Celebrations
现在完成时
Present Perfect Tense
现在完成时结构
01
过去分词的变化规则
02
现在完成时的时间状语
03
延续性动词和非延续动词
04
CONTENTS
目录
01
PART
现在完成时的结构
present(now)
future
past
Present Perfect Tense
现在完成时
主语 + have/ has + 过去分词（pp）
现在完成时的结构
Winter has already come，
will it still be far in spring
主语 + have/ has + 过去分词（pp）
否定形式 haven’t ( have not ） +过去分词
hasn’t ( has not ) +过去分词
疑问句 把助动词 have / has 放在句首
现在完成时的结构
注：主语若是第三人称单数助动词用 has
区别have 和 has的用法
You have planted all the trees.
I have planted all the trees.
He/She has planted all the trees.
They have planted all the trees.
主语若是第三人称单数助动词用 has
02
PART
过去分词的变化规则
过去分词
1、规则变化（过去分词与过去时变化规则一样）
(1) 一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”。
work---worked---worked
visit---visited---visited
(2) 以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”。
　 live---lived
(3) 以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 “y” 变为 “i”，
再加“ ed ”。 ，
　　study---studied---studied
cry---cried---cried
(4) 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，
先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。
　 stop---stopped---stopped
drop---dropped--dropped
2、不规则变化
have—had—had
am/is —was—been
are—were—been
do—did—done
go—went—gone
see—saw—seen
Present perfect tense 现在完成时
构成:
用法一：
have/has + 过去分词
表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.现在完成时,强调是过去动作与现在的联系,也就是强调现在的影响和结果.
1.两个句子都表示过去发生的事；
2.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具体的时间状语连用；
3.一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态,没有说明与现在的关系，它与表示过去的具体时间连用。（last, ago, yesterday, etc. ）
present
past
I have lived here for two years
I lived there 2 years ago
03
PART
现在完成时的时间状语
现在完成时不能与表示过去的时间状语连用，常与之连用的时间状语有：
before,
by now (so far),
once, twice…,
just,
recently
yet(否/疑), already(肯),
ever, never,
all one’s life ,
in /during/over the past /last 5 years,
（1）already
肯定句: “己经”
一般疑问句: 句末(表示惊讶的语气) “难道”
Have you had breakfast already？(表示强调)
I’ve already had breakfast. (常见)
= I’ve had breakfast already.
注: 有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时，判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词。
e.g.:
She’s already eighty years old.
It was already very late.
(2) yet
否定句:句末 “还(没)”
疑问句: 句末 “己经”
Have you had breakfast yet
I haven’t had breakfast yet.
注意：当在肯定句中含already或just，变否定时，在句末加yet。
I haven’t seen the film yet.
● Mother has just cleaned the house.
Mother hasn’t cleaned the house yet.
● I have already seen the film.
(3) ever
肯定句/疑问句 : 句中 “曾经”
I’ve ever been to Beijing.
Have you ever been to Beijing
(4) never
否定句: 句中 “从来没有”
I’ve never been to Beijing.
注: 带ever的肯定句变否定句时, 将ever变never
He has ever made meal.
Have they ever travelled by train
No, never.
He has never made meal.
带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No, never.”
(5) just
用于句中, 表示“刚刚”
I’ve just had breakfast.
What have they just done
(6) before
用于句末, 表示“以前”
I’ve seen it before.
Has she ridden a bike before
用法二：
e.g. Kate has lived here for 3 years.
Kate has lived here since 3 years ago.
Kate has lived here since she came to China.
表示过去所发生的动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。动词使用延续性动词。常与for或since引导的时间连用
since: (自…以来)
1)since+时间点
He has stayed here since 5 o’clock.
2)since+ 时间段+ ago
He has stayed here since 5 hours ago.
3)since+ 从句（句中的谓语动词为过去式）
She has taught English since he came here.
for: (长达）
for+ 时间段
He has kept the book for 2 weeks.
since , for 的用法:
Take notes
注意: 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用___________
1. I have lived here for 10 years.
How long have you lived here
2. She has stood here since 2 hours ago.
How long has she stood here
how long
04
PART
延续动词和非延续动词
注意: 瞬间动词不能和时间段连用。
　瞬间动词
join
begin/start
borrow
finish/end
arrive/come
leave
die
buy
··········
注意
注：※非延续性动词可以于现在完成时,表示动作已经完成，它不能跟段时间。 但它的否定式可以跟段时间状语连用.
Tom has left Beijing.
Tom hasn’t left Beijing since he came to this city in 2004.
He has borrowed a pen from me.
He hasn’t borrowed a pen from me since we argued.
重点句型:
It is/ has been+段时间+since从句
段时间+has passed+ since从句
e.g.:
他死了两年了。
He died two years ago.
He has been dead for two years /since two years ago
It is/ has been two years since he died.
Two years has passed since he died.
这本书我借了一个月了。
I borrowed this book a month ago.
It is/ has been a month since I borrowed the book.
I have kept the book for a month. /since a month ago.
A month has passed since I borrowed the book.
用法三：
have been to 曾经去过某地（已返回）
have gone to 去了某地 （还没有回来）
A
B
A
B
巧记：been to ，gone to 意不同，两者用法要记清；
have been to + 地名，曾经到过某地行；
have gone to + 地点，到某地去了已走远。
have been in + 地点，在某地呆多久。
练习题用have/has been to, have/has gone to填空：
1.—Where is your brother
—He ____________ the shop. He’ll be back soon.
2. — ______ you ever _________ to America
—Yes, I ___________ New York twice.
3. —Here you are at last! Where _____ you _____
—I _____________ London.
4. —David _____________Australia.
—I’m sure he’s already arrived.
5. —Is Benny here
—No, he __________ the school library. He left
five minutes ago.
has gone to
Have been to
have been to
have been
have been to
has gone to
has gone to

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