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(共34张PPT)
Unit 4 Space Exploration
Reading for Writing
Present an argument about space exploration
Learning objectives
语言能力 阅读探讨太空探索的意义和价值的议论文，区分作者的观点和相关依据，并能够针对是否支持太空探索这一话题写一篇议论文
学习能力 能够通过段落主题句准确而简练地归纳段落大意
文化意识 了解太空探索新技术在日常生活中的运用，感受太空探索对于现实生活的意义
思维品质 能够分析和评判关于太空探索的不同立场和态度；能够以全面的、发展的观点来评判航天科技发展所带来的利与弊
Lead in
Can you imagine how much do we spend on space exploration
Should we really be wasting money on space when there are problems to deal with down here on Earth
poverty
pollution
disease
hunger
Is exploring space a waste of time and money
From my viewpoint ...
Personally speaking ...
As to me ...
As far as I am concerned ...
In my opinion/view ...
Personally ...
For my part ...
As I see it ...
I believe/think/feel ...
......
help us learn about new planets, new stars…
create numerous jobs like engineers, research assistants and technicians
lead to advanced technology
…
cost a lot of time and money
get little benefits to human beings
need more money and effort to help the poor
…
Now let’s read a passage to learn about how the writer state his opinions.
Is exploring space a waste of time and money
Argument essays seek to state a position on an issue and give several reasons, supported by evidence, for agreeing with that position.
Reading
What’s the author’s point of view on this issue
The author doesn’t think exploring space is a waste of time and money.
Skim for the text type
A. Argumentative essay
B. Narration
C. Travel journal
Read for structure.
How does the author prove his/her argument
Divide the whole passage into several parts.
Issue
Part 1 (Para 1) Introduction
Part 2 (Para 2-4) Body
Part 3 (Para 5) Conclusion
Different opinions about space exploration.
Benefits of space exploration.
Space exploration is beneficial and should be continued.
Read for details.
Part 1
Read the first paragraph and underline the different opinions about space exploration.
Space exploration is a waste of time and money.
Space exploration can help us.
By making comparisons or contrasts.
Background
The thesis statement.
Tip 1: To make our article more objective, we should express different opinions about the topic.
Part 2
How many arguments does the author use to support his/her thesis statement What are they
Argument 1
Argument 2
Argument 3
the topic sentence
the topic sentence
the topic sentence
Tip 2: To make our article more logical, we should use some linking words.
Introduce your first point:
To begin with / First of all / First and foremost ...
Connect your next point:
Besides / In addition / Furthermore / What’s more / Finally / Last but not least ...
Conclude your opinion:
In short / In brief / In conclusion / In a/one word / To sum up / All in all/ On the whole / In general / From what I have said above ...
Part 2
How many arguments does the author use to support his/her thesis statement What are they
Argument 1
Argument 2
Argument 3
It’s the evidence that supports the arguments.
the topic sentence
the topic sentence
the topic sentence
Para 2: How does exploring space help to fight against world hunger
It has resulted in the many satellites ______ Earth.
The satellites __________ on land and ________________.
Then the data is __________
____ scientists on Earth.
After analysis, the scientists can provide useful ________________ ______________ for __________.
As a result, space-based science _________________ in its efforts to grow ____________ to feed Earth’s increasing population.
orbit
record data
weather patterns
transmitted
to
recommendations
and advice
farmers
has helped farming
enough food
Reasoning in time order and analysing cause and effect.
Para 3: How does space exploration benefit the products that people use nowadays In what area has it helped
High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now.
Because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the _________________________________.
requirements for space exploration
have helped the research and development of different types of new material
have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that doctors regularly use
are widely used in all kinds of industries, and everyday products
memory foam pillow
smartphone camera
heart monitor
Tip 3: To make the supporting evidence more convincing, we can give some examples.
Transitional words to give examples:
for example, for instance, such as, like, take… for example / instance
What method does the writer use to support the argument
By giving examples.
Para 4: What are the world’s problems How has space exploration helped to find ways to solve them
Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea.
a rapidly increasing population
Find other planets that could one day be our new home (Mars).
limited resources
realise problems - find solutions
Tip 4: To make our article more vivid, we can use rhetorical devices, such as simile, personification and metaphor.
How does the author make his/her language vivid
By using simile.
Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited.
Part 3
Read the last paragraph and underline the sentence that repeats the writer’s opinion.
Repeating the statement in the conclusion can echo the author’s opinion.
Summary
How to write an argumentatvie essay
title
Part 1 (Para 1) Introduction
Part 2 (Para 2-4) Body
Part 3 (Para 5) Conclusion
Introduce the topic
State your opinion
Argument 1-Supporting evidence
Argument 2-Supporting evidence
Argument 3-Supporting evidence
Restate your opinion
Part 1 (Para 1) Introduction
Introduce the topic
State your opinion
How to introduce a topic
Nowadays, there is an increasingly hot topic about whether to … or not.
Nowadays there is a growing concern for …
Yesterday, we had a discussion about whether it is necessary to ...
How to state your opinion
As far as I am concerned/In my opinion/ From my point of view...
What expressions does the author use to show different opinions
Some people argue that ...
However, others feel ...
More useful expressions:
People may have different opinions on ...
Different people, however, think quite differently on this matter.
Different people, however, hold different opinions on this matter.
Some people claim/believe that ... While others consider/think ...
People don’t think ... While others hold ...
Part 2 (Para 2-4) Body
Argument 1-Supporting evidence
Argument 2-Supporting evidence
Argument 3-Supporting evidence
More useful structures to express supporting evidence:
No one can deny the fact that ...
Recent studies indicate that ...
There is sufficient evidence to show ...
According to the data proved by..., it can be seen that ...
I think it necessary to ... The reasons are as follows.
Part 3 (Para 5) Conclusion
Restate your opinion
More useful structures to close your article:
Therefore, I would like to…
To sum up, I think...
Above all, I hold the view that...
Through the above analysis, I believe that…
There’s no doubt that…
There’s no denying that…
Writing techniques in an argumentative essay.
Tip 1: To make our article more objective, we should express different opinions about the topic.
Tip 2: To make our article more logical, we should use some linking words.
Tip 3: To make the supporting evidence more convincing, we can give some examples.
Tip 4: To make our article more vivid, we can use rhetorical devices, such as simile, personification and metaphor.
Writing
Use what you have learnt to write about your opinion about space exploration.
Are these arguments for or against exploring space Put them in the table. Then add your own ideas and write your essay.
For
Against
Exploring Space
There are a lot of unsolved mysteries on Earth. So why are we going into space to explore
It is necessary to find a new home for people in space, as the resources on Earth will run out.
I cannot understand spending all this money on expensive research and experiments when so many people need food.
Exploring space encourages scientists to improve technology that can help people in other ways, too.
For space exploration
Against space exploration
B D
A C
For space exploration
Against space exploration
spend too much money
dangerous for astronauts
find a solution to other urgent problems
...
find new resource
find new settlement for people
improve technology that can help people
understand outer space
...
Is exploring space a waste of time or money
Writing time
Exchange drafts with a partner. Use the checklist to give feedback on your partner’s draft.
Get your draft back and revise it!
√ Does the introduction state the topic
√ Does the introduction express different opinions about the topic
√ Does the body give arguments with suitable supporting information
√ Does the closing express the writer’s opinion and end properly
√ Are there any grammar, spelling, or punctuation errors
With the development of science and technology, space exploration is becoming a hot topic. Some people argue that space exploration wastes a large amount of money and time. However, others believe that it is really worthwhile. Space exploration is a challenge to human beings, but I believe it has more advantages.
Firstly, space technologies has helped produce many high-end products that improve our daily lives such as GPS, smartphone cameras and so on.
Secondly, it is necessary to find a new home for people in space, as the resources on Earth will run out. Space exploration makes us better understand the outer environment, which is necessary for us to make good use of the natural resources.
Finally, exploring space can extend our horizon beyond the earth and satisfies our curiosity about the mystery of the universe.
In closing, space exploration brings more benefits for humans. So we should pay more attention to it and support it.
Review the form of an argumentative essay.
Polish the article with your partners.
Homework

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