资源简介

(共44张PPT)
Unit 2
No Rules，No Oeder
2.3
Section A
(3a—3d)
School rules
Don′t run in the hallways
Arrive on time
Be quiet in the library.
No fighting!
Wear the school uniform.
…
Grammar Focus
3a
Read the sentences. Do the verbs in bold need to change forms Why
Walk in the hallway. Don′t run!
Be polite and treat one another with respect. Don′t litter./ You mustn′t litter./ You can't litter.
肯定祈使句
否定祈使句
Can we bring our phones to class No，we can′t. We must keep them in our lockers.
Can we eat snacks in class No，we can′t eat in class. We have to eat in the dining hall.
情态动词
祈使句 (Imperative sentences)
祈使句一般用来表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等。在祈使句中，通常省略主语 you，其肯定形式常以动词原形开头，否定形式是在动词原形前加 don′t。祈使句句尾用句号或感叹号，读时用降调。为表示礼貌，可以在句首或句末加上 please。句末用 please 时，前面通常加逗号。
主要类型
1. Do 型祈使句
2. Be 型祈使句
3. Let 型祈使句
4. No＋动词 -ing / 名词!
5. Never＋动词原形!
1. Do 型祈使句
肯定句：实义动词原形(＋宾语)(＋其他).
否定句：Don′t＋实义动词原形 (＋宾语) (＋其他).
Eg. Remember to smile all the time. 记得要一直微笑。
Don′t smoke here ! 不要在这里抽烟!
2. Be 型祈使句
肯定句：Be＋表语(＋其他).
否定句：Don′t＋be＋表语(＋其他).
Eg. Be careful! 小心点！
Don′t be nervous! 不要紧张！
3. Let 型祈使句
肯定句：Let＋宾语＋动词原形(＋其他).
否定句：Don′t＋let＋宾语＋动词原形(＋其他).
或 Let＋宾语＋not＋动词原形 (＋其他).
Eg. Let′s have a rest. 咱们休息一下吧。
Don′t let them make any noise. 不要让他们发出任何噪声。
4. No＋动词 -ing / 名词!
多为公共场合的提示语。
Eg. No smoking ! 禁止抽烟!
No photos ! 禁止拍照!
5. Never＋动词原形!
多用来加强语气。
Eg. Never give up! 决不放弃！
情态动词 can、have to 与 must
情态动词用于表达说话人的态度、意愿、推测、建议、能力、义务等。它们通常没有人称和数的变化，并且后面必须跟动词原形来构成完整的谓语。本单元我们主要学习情态动词 can、have to 与 must 的用法。
一、情态动词 can 的用法
can 可表示能力、许可、请求等。其否定形式为 can′t / cannot。
1. 表示能力，意为“能，会”。
Eg. We can speak a little English.
我们会说一点英语。
I can play badminton，but I can′t play volleyball.
我会打羽毛球，但我不会打排球。
2. 表示许可，意为“可以”。
Eg. You can play basketball at the weekend.
你可以在周末打篮球。
We can′t run in the hallways.
我们不能在走廊里奔跑。
3. 表示请求，意为“可以”。
Eg. —Can you help me with my Chinese
你能帮助我学习中文吗？
—Yes，I can.
是的，我可以。
二、情态动词 have to 和 must 的用法
have to ①常强调客观需要，多译为“不得不”；
②有时态、人称和数的变化，其一般现在时的第三人称单数形式为has to，过去式为had to。have to的否定形式为don′t have to，表示“不必”。
must ①常表示说话人的主观看法，多译为“必须”；
②没有时态、人称和数的变化。must 的否定形式为 mustn′t，表示“禁止，不准”。
3b
Complete the sentences using can，have to / must，or can′t / mustn′t .
1. Don′t jump the queue. You ___________ wait your turn.
2. I ________ feed my dog many kinds of food，but I _________ give him chocolate. It is bad for him!
3. A：Can I leave the classroom if I don′t feel well
B：Yes，but you ___________ tell your teacher about it when you _____________ be absent from class.
must
can
can′t
must
have to
4. A：Hey! Can I look at your book
B：Shh，we___________ talk quietly in the library.
5. A：Can you put on your seat belt We __________ wear one when we′re in a car.
B： Sure. Thanks!
must
must
3c
Look at the first sign and read the rules，Then write the rules for the other signs.
Do not eat or drink.
No eating or drinking.
You can′t / mustn′t eat or drink.
Do not park.
No parking.
You can′t / mustn′t park.
Do not take photos.
No photos.
You can′t / mustn′t take photos.
Do not swim.
No swimming.
You can′t / mustn′t swim.
Do not feed birds.
No feeding.
You can′t / mustn′t feed birds.
3d
In groups，brainstorm three rules for one of the places below，Then draw signs to show the rules. Share your signs in class and explain what they mean.
library school dining hall park cinema hospital
In the library，we must keep quiet. We mustn′t make noise. We can′t ...
1. You must wait your turn.
wait [动词] 等；等待
wait for sb./sth. 等待某人/某物
wait for sb. to do sth. 等待某人做某事
Eg. My friend is waiting for me.我朋友正在等我。
I′m waiting for the dentist to come.我正在等待牙医的到来。
[拓展] wait 的其他常见短语：
wait to do sth. 等待做某事
can′t wait for... 等不及······
can′t wait to do sth. 等不及做某事
Eg. They are waiting to see their teachers.
他们正等着去看他们的老师。
I can′t wait to travel to Beijing. 我迫不及待要去北京旅行了。
1. You must wait your turn.
turn [名词] (依次轮到的) 机会；(车辆的) 转弯，转向
take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事
Eg. Whose turn is it to cook 轮到谁做饭了
Make a left/right turn into West Street.向左/右拐入西大街。
[拓展] turn
①[连系动词] 变得。
后面常接形容词，常指颜色、天气等的变化。
Eg.The leaves were turning brown. 叶子变黄了。
②[动词]转身，扭转。
Eg. She turned to look at me. 她转过头来看着我。
③[动词](道路或河流)转向，转弯。
Eg. The road turns to the left after the church.
这条路过了教堂之后向左转弯
2. Can I leave the class if I don′t feel well
leave /li:v/ ① [动词] 离开
leave 的过去式为 left，动词 -ing 形式为 leaving。
常见短语：leave for 动身去(某地)
leave A for B 离开A地去B地
② [动词] 留下，遗忘
leave sth. ＋地点状语 把某物忘在某处
She often leaves the key at home.
她经常把钥匙忘在家里。
She left her schoolbag on the bus last night.
她昨天晚上把书包落在公共汽车上了。
③ [动词] 使保留，让······处于 (某种状态或某地等)
leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语 使······处于某种状态
Leave the door open，please.请开着门。
Leave me alone，please. 请让我一个人待会儿吧。
④ [不可数名词] 假期；休假
ask for leave 请假
I will have three days′ leave. 我将有三天假。
3. Yes，but you must tell your teacher about it when you have to be absent from class.
absent / bs nt/ [形容词] 缺席的；不在的
absent from...意为“缺席······”，后面往往跟地点名词。
4. Shh，we must talk quietly in the library.
quietly / kwa tli/ [副词] 轻声地；安静地
He walked quietly out of the room.
他悄悄地走出房间
[拓展] quiet [形容词] 安静的；平静的
在句中可以作表语或定语。
常见短语：keep quiet 保持安静
lead a quiet life 过着平静的生活
The roads are usually quiet at night.
夜晚的道路通常很安静。
5. We mustn′t make noise.
noise /n z/ [名词] 声音；噪声
noise 既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词。
常见短语：make a noise/noise(s) 制造噪声
Don′t make a noise. 别出声。
That noise is driving me mad. 那噪声真让我受不了。
[拓展]
① noisy [形容词] 喧闹的；吵闹的
② noisily [副词] 吵闹地 常用来修饰动词。
a noisy classroom 吵闹的教室
Don′t be so noisy，children! 孩子们，别这么吵!
The children were playing noisily upstairs.
孩子们在楼上吵闹地玩耍。
[辨析] noise，voice 与 sound
noise 意为“声音；噪声；吵闹声”，指人们不愿听到的声音或嘈杂声
voice 意为“声音，嗓音”，常用于指人说话、歌唱或发笑的声音
sound 意为“声音”，泛指大自然的一切声音，不论其高低、是否悦耳等
完成句子。
1. Students can talk loudly in the hallways. (改为一般疑问句)
_________ students talk loudly in the hallways
2. Maria has to practice the piano on Sundays.(改为一般疑问句)
_________ Maria ________ ________ practice the piano on Sundays
Can
Does
have
to
3. You can′t eat in the classroom.(改为否定祈使句)
__________ __________ in the classroom.
4. They have to clean the classroom every day.(把they变为he)
He ______ ______ clean the classroom every day.
Don′t
eat
has
to

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