资源简介

(共29张PPT)
01
自主素养储备
02
探究素养提能
03
课堂学业达标
UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
Period 1　Reading and Thinking (Ⅰ)语篇研读课
【素养目标】
1. 掌握本课时的重点单词、短语及句型的用法。
2. 能够掌握报告文学兼具文学性和知识性的语言特点。能够欣赏文本中所运用的修辞方法和写作技巧, 理解作者在作品中所表达的情感和写作意图。
3. 能够从地震的前兆、地震过程和地震之后的损害及重建等方面描述一次地震。
01
自主素养储备
Ⅰ. 阅读词汇
1. brick　　　 n. ________
2. drought n. __________
3. context n. ____________
4. erupt v. __________
5. metal n. _____
砖; 积木
久旱, 旱灾
背景; 上下文
喷发; 爆发
金属
Ⅱ. 核心词汇
1. ______　　　 v. 影响; 使感动; (疾病)感染; 假装
2. _____ v. &n. 毁坏; 破坏
3. _______ n. 提供, 供应(量); 储备; 补给品 v. 供应, 提供; 补充, 填充
4. _____ v. 安葬; 埋藏
5. ______ n. 努力; 艰难的尝试; 尽力
6. ________ vt. 损害; 破坏　n. 损坏; 损失
affect
ruin
supply
bury
effort
damage
Ⅲ. 拓展词汇
1. survive vi. 生存; 存活 vt. 幸存; 艰难度过→ _________n. 幸存者; 生还者
→ ________n. 幸存
2. ______n. 震惊; 令人震惊的事; 休克vt. (使)震惊
→shocking adj. 令人震惊的→shocked adj. 感到震惊的
3. ________vi. &vt. 呼吸→breath n. 呼吸
4. _______vt. &vi. 复活; (使)苏醒→ _______n. 振兴; 复苏
survivor
survival
shock
breathe
revive
revival
5. ______vi. &vt. 统一; (使)成一体→unite vi. &vt. 联合
6. wise adj. 明智的→________n. 智慧; 才智
7. _______vt. 遭受; 蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
→sufferer n. 患病者, 受难者→suffering n. 苦难
unify
wisdom
suffer
Ⅳ. 重点短语
1. _____　　　　 似乎; 好像; 仿佛
2. ________ 严重受损; 破败不堪
3. ________ 震惊; 吃惊
4. ______ 建立
5. as usual ___________
6. come to an end _____
7. the number of ___________
8. dig out _____
as if
in ruins
in shock
set up
像往常一样
结束
……的数量
挖掘
02
探究素养提能
Step 1　Pre-reading
1. Have you ever experienced any disaster What was it
I have experienced a serious flood disaster. /Last summer, I experienced an earthquake in my countryside.
2. What’s your feeling if an earthquake happens in your hometown
If an earthquake happens, I’ll feel extremely scared, worried and anxious. But I’ll try my best to keep calm and do as my parents ever told me.
Step 2　While-reading
Read the text carefully again and choose the best answer.
1. What does the title “THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP” mean
A. The earth was not sleepy at all at night.
B. The earth was disturbed by the noisy animals.
C. People couldn’t fall asleep because of the quake.
D. People didn’t like to sleep at that night.
2. Why did people in the city are asleep as usual that night
A. They were too tired after a day’s work.
B. They didn’t see the strange things at that night.
C. They were afraid of the bright lights and loud noises.
D. They couldn’t imagine there would be an earthquake.
3. What can we know from “Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. ”
A. The city was badly destroyed.
B. The autumn had arrived.
C. The bricks were too heavy.
D. There were too many bricks on the ground.
4. What does the writer mean by “Slowly, the city began to breathe again. ”
A. The doctors cured the illness of the city’s people.
B. The city was revived and returned to normal.
C. The city wouldn’t be destroyed by any disasters.
D. The air in the city was too fresh to breathe again.
Sentence Explanation
Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150, 000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out
those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
分析: 本句的主干句为: the army sent 150, 000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out
those and to bury the dead。短语Soon after the quakes为_____状语; 关系代词
_____引导的从句“who were trapped”为定语从句, 先行词为______。
句意: ___________________________________________________________
______________________
时间
who
those
地震发生后不久, 部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山, 将受困群众从废
墟中挖出, 并掩埋死者。
Step 3　Post-reading
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
　　Several days before 28 July 1976, many strange things happened in
Tangshan. They were signs of 1. ___ earthquake. But people who lived there
didn’t think much of that. At 3: 42 a. m. that day, the earth began 2. _________
(shake), 3. _______destroyed almost all the city in less than one minute. People
were 4. ___shock. Later that afternoon, another big earthquake 5. _______(shake)
the city again. Even 6. ______(many) buildings fell down. Very soon the army
sent a lot of soldiers to help, and teams were organized to dig out people who
an
to shake
which
in
shook
more
7. ____________(trap) and to bury the dead. Many people, 8. _________(include)
nurses and doctors, came to rescue those who were trapped under the ruins.
Slowly, things improved and the city began 9. __________(breath) again. With
the government’s support and the local people’s tireless efforts, a new Tangshan
was built upon the earthquake 10. ______(ruin). It proves that in times of disaster,
people must unify.
were trapped
including
to breathe
ruins
【主题情境思考】
Choose one question to think about or discuss.
1. Who do you think plays the most important role in the revival of Tangshan city after the earthquake Why
The government. Because it’s the government who sent an army of soldiers, doctors, nurses and workers to help rebuild the Tangshan city.
2. How should we act in times of big disaster
We should try our best to protect ourselves and people’s life. Importantly, we ought to unify and stay positive to give our hands to the survivors, help them rebuild their homes, just like the saying goes “Many hands make light work”.
3. What would it be if the Tangshan earthquake had been foretold
Few people were dead and less damage was caused if the earthquake had been foretold.
03
课堂学业达标
　　An earthquake happens when two plates rub (摩擦) together. The earth plates travel in different directions and at different speeds. If one plate is slowly forced under the other, pressure builds up until the plates break apart. This process causes the ground to move. It is an earthquake. In other words, earthquakes are the shaking of the earth’s surface caused by the earth’s rocky outer layer (岩层) as a result of the energy stored within the earth. The strain within the rocks is suddenly released (释放).
　　The damage an earthquake causes depends on where it is and when it is happening. If an unpopulated region is struck, there will be low loss of life or property. If it hits a large city, there may be many injuries and much destruction. Many of the areas at risk are largely populated now. Major earthquakes hitting those areas today could produce terrible damage.
　　Actually, there are several million small earthquakes every year. Large earthquakes such as the 1964 Alaskan quake that measured 9. 2 on the Richter scale, caused millions of dollars in damage. In the last 500 years, millions of people have been killed by earthquakes around the world — including around 240, 000 in the 1976 Tangshan earthquake in China.
　　A 60-second or less earthquake can cause devastation (破坏) that continues for years after the first tremor (震动). In 1972, a series of severe earthquakes struck Managua, Nicaragua. Fifteen years later, the city still looked the way it had a week after the earthquake hit, because the country did not have the money necessary to rebuild it.
　　The shaking of the earth is sometimes not the greatest disaster. It is in the ensuing fires and floods that often the greatest damage occurs. In the 1906 earthquake, it was the fire caused after it that did the majority of the damage. An earthquake can also destroy dams high above a city or valleys, causing floods to sweep down and sweep away everything in their path.
【语篇概述】本文主要讲述了地震的成因及危害。
Ⅰ. Skim the passage and find the main idea quickly.
This passage mainly tells us the causes and damage of earthquakes.
Ⅱ. Read the passage again and choose the best answer.
1. Which of the following is the main idea of Paragraph 1
A. An earthquake comes from inside the earth.
B. The earth has great energy in storage.
C. How the earth plates move.
D. How an earthquake happens.
【解析】选D。段落大意题。第一段主要讲述了地震的成因。
√
2. How many examples are used in the passage to show the damage and destruction earthquakes cause
A. Three. 　B. Four. 　C. Five. 　D. Six.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。文中提到1964年阿拉斯加地震, 1976年唐山地震, 1972年尼加拉瓜的马那瓜地震, 以及1906年地震, 共四次。
√
3. Which of the following is mentioned to show that an earthquake can kill too many people
A. The 1964 Alaskan quake.
B. The 1976 Tangshan earthquake.
C. The 1972 Managua earthquake.
D. The 1906 earthquake.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。由第三段最后一句可知1976年唐山大地震中大约24万人遇难。
√
4. What does the underlined word “ensuing” in the last paragraph probably
mean
A. Causing too much heat and great damage.
B. Causing many injuries and much destruction.
C. Happening as a result of another event.
D. Happening suddenly and unexpectedly.
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。下文提到在1906年地震中, 绝大部分的损失是
地震引起的火灾造成的。由此推出ensuing是指“另一件事所引起的; 因而发
生的”。
√(共16张PPT)
01
话题美文赏读
02
话题听说汇
UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
01
话题美文赏读
主题语境: 人与自然——灾害防范
　　The average high temperature in July is only 22 degrees, so over 30 is not usual for London. Each summer in London definitely seems hotter than the last. I suddenly feel a bit scared. Perhaps now is the time to start planning for the future I should probably put my flat on the market and buy a boat. That way, when the Thames rises and there is a flood in London, I’ll still be able to get to work. Most importantly, I will need to learn to swim! I’ll join a beginner’s swimming class immediately. Then I’ll be able to survive even when the tall buildings are flooded.
　　Looking through my newspaper, I’m shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town. What’s more, heavy rain in Eastern Europe has caused landslides, and the heat across Southern Europe has caused forest fires. Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change. News like this makes me feel nervous. Now that it’s hard to avoid a disaster on Earth, perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space. . .
(改编自外研版必修 第三册 Unit 6)
【话题词汇】
1. flood　　　　 n. 洪水 vt. 淹没
2. survive v. 生存, 存活; 幸存; 艰难度过; 比……活得久
3. shock n. 震惊
v. 使震惊/气愤/厌恶
4. hurricane n. 飓风
5. destroy v. 破坏, 毁坏
6. landslide n. [地质]山崩, 滑坡
7. disaster n. 灾难; 不幸; 彻底的失败
02
话题听说汇
Ⅰ. 看图配词
drought, tsunami, tornado, landslide, typhoon/hurricane, volcanic eruption
1. ________　 2. ________________
3. ________ 4. _________________
5. _________ 6. ________
tornado
volcanic eruption
tsunami
typhoon/hurricane
landslide
drought
Ⅱ. 读音写词
1. ______/ fekt/　　　　　 2. ______/kɑ m/
3. ________/ d m d / 4. ________/d str /
5. ___________/i m d nsi/ 6. ______/fl d/
7. _______/ reskju / 8. ________/s va v/
9. _______/ elt (r)/ 10. ________/ w sl/
affect
calm
damage
destroy
emergency
flood
rescue
survive
shelter
whistle
Ⅲ. 读词辨音
1. disaster _______　　　　 2. destroy _______
3. death ________ 4. breathe ________
5. damage _________ 6. magnitude _______
7. rescue ________ 8. emergency _______
9. survived ________ 10. affected ________
11. shocked _______ 12. flooded ________
　/z/　
　/s/　
　/θ/ 　
　/ /　
　/d / 　
　/ɡ/　
　/k/ 　
　/s/　
　/d/ 　
　/ d/　
　/t/ 　
　/ d/　
【纠音点拨】
词尾“-ed”的发音规律
1. 在清辅音后面, -ed读作/t/。
kissed /k st/; talked /t kt/; washed /w t/
2. 在元音或浊辅音后面, -ed读作/d/。
played /ple d/; robbed /r bd/; rained /re nd/
3. 在以字母t或d结尾的动词后面, -ed读作/ d/。
wanted / w nt d/; added / d d/; planted /plɑ nt d/
Ⅳ. 完成对话
1. A: How can we protect ourselves from the earthquake
B: ______________(首先要保持镇静).
2. A: When there is a fire, what should I do
B: _________________(大喊“起火了! ”) Call 119!
3. A: Can I use the lift when there is a fire
B: No. ______________(不要使用电梯).
Stay calm first
Shout out “Fire”!
Don’t use a lift
4. A: When an earthquake happens, what will you do
B: I think I will hide under the table.
A: Oh, no. It’s a wrong way. __________________(你最好跑到) the open area
if possible, or you should keep yourself lower than the table and _____________
(紧挨着它).
B: Well, thanks a lot. I benefit a lot from today’s talk.
You’d better run to
stay next to it
口语预演
1. Read the following news report and fill in the blanks according to the
Chinese.
　　Good morning. Today is April 16. France’s world-famous
Notre Dame Cathedral was (1) _______(着火)on April 15. The
terrible fire (2) ________________(烧了几个小时)until it was
totally controlled. The cause of the fire was not immediately
known, but the police (3) ___________(把它看作)an accident. (4) _________
_________(在……的努力下)hundreds of firefighters, the fire (5) __________
on fire
burned for hours
treated it as
With the
efforts of
was finally
_______(最终被扑灭). It was reported that at least one firefighter (6) ____
_______________(伤得较重). Although its tall, narrow spire(尖塔) (7)____
____________(被烧毁), the main structure and the priceless works of art in it
were safe. Soon, French President Macron said the government (8)______
_______(将重建) the Cathedral.
put out
was
seriously injured
was
burned down
would
rebuild
2. Fill in the table according to the above news report.
A Fire at Notre Dame Cathedral
Time (1) ________.
Place Notre Dame Cathedral.
Damage At least (2) ______________was injured. The spire was
(3) ____________.
Rescue (4) ____________firefighters put out the fire. The government
would (5) _______ the Cathedral.
April 15
one firefighter
burned down
Hundreds of
rebuild(共23张PPT)
01
语法精讲透析
02
课堂学业达标
UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
Period 3　Discovering Useful Structures语法精析课
【素养目标】
1. 在主题语境中学习和理解定语从句的功能和用法。
2. 能够将定语从句用于对具体事物的描述, 以提升自己的语言表达和运用能力。
01
语法精讲透析
that, which, who, whom, whose引导的限制性定语从句
【体验·悟】
观察下面的课文原句, 感受黑体词的用法。
1. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.
2. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.
3. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
【生成·得】
(1)跟在一个___________后进行修饰限定或补充说明的句子叫作定语从句。
定语从句在句子功能上相当于一个形容词。
(2)在复合句中对被修饰的词起_________作用的从句叫作限制性定语从句。
它与被修饰的词(组)之间没有逗号。
名词或代词
修饰限定
【研学·析】
一、定语从句的几个概念
1. 先行词: 指被定语从句修饰限定或补充说明的词(组)。
2. 关系代词: 指连接先行词和定语从句的代词(who、 whom、 whose、 that、 which和as)。
3. 关系副词: 指连接先行词和定语从句的副词(when、 where和why)。
二、关系代词的用法
1. 关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 指代的先行词 充当的句子成分
that 指人或物 主语、宾语、表语
which 指物 主语、宾语、表语
who 指人 主语、宾语、表语
whom 指人 宾语
whose 指人或物 定语
(1)that既可指人, 也可指物, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语, 作宾语时可以省略。习惯上指人多用who/whom, 指物多用which。
The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人, 作主语)
The watch that/which is on the table is hers.
桌子上的那块手表是她的。(that指物, 作主语)
(2)which指物, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语, 作宾语时可省略。
The pen (which) you found yesterday is mine. (which作宾语)
昨天你发现的那支钢笔是我的。
“Talk and Talk” is a program which is designed to interview some people to talk about everything positive, covering life, work, study and so on. (which作主语)
“Talk and Talk”是一档节目, 旨在采访一些人, 谈论一切积极的事情, 涵盖生活、工作、学习等。
(3)who指人, 在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语, 作宾语时可省略。
However, those who choose to read English books and visit English learning websites account for only 18% and 12%. (who作主语)
然而, 选择阅读英语书籍和访问英语学习网站的人只占18%和12%。
Danny was the man (who) we rescued from the ruins. (who作宾语)
丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。
(4)whom指人, 在定语从句中作宾语, 可省略, 也可用who或that代替。
The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor. (whom作宾语)
老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
(5)whose既可以指人, 也可以指物, 表示“所属”关系, 在定语从句中作定语。
I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.
我认识那个人, 他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。
2. 关系代词的几个特殊用法
(1)关系词只能用that而不用which的情况
①当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
②当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, much等不定代词时。
Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said
李老师讲的你都记下来了吗
③当先行词被 the only, the very, the last等修饰时。
I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday.
我已找到昨天弄丢的钢笔。
④当先行词既指人, 又指物时。
We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.
我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
⑤当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时。
Which is the book that he borrowed from the library yesterday
哪本是他昨天从图书馆借的书
(2)关系词只能用which而不用that的情况
①当关系词前有介词时。
She took it in the spirit in which it was intended.
她根据其精神实质来认识此事。
②当先行词本身是that且指物时。
Do not do that which you would not have known.
不要做你本来不知道的事。
三、关系代词的选择原则
定语从句的关系代词的选择有三个原则:
1. 判断先行词是人还是物;
2. 判断先行词在定语从句中作何成分;
3. 判断定语从句是限制性的还是非限制性的。
例如:
(1)
(2)

(3)
【内化·用】
读下面的短文并用适当的关系代词填空
　　Everyone has friends, but ideas about friendship are different. Some think
that a friend is someone (1) _____chats with you on the Internet; others think that
a friend is a person (2) _____has known you all your life—someone (3) _______
family knows you, too. And others only use the term for someone (4) _______you
share your secrets with. Although different people have different opinions about
friends, there is one thing (5) _____is always true: you are free to choose your
friends.
who
who
whose
whom
that
常温故·勤总结
口诀一
定语从句真奇妙, 先行词后跟着跑。
关系代词来引导, 限定从句无逗号。
口诀二
关系代词常5个, 指人指物分清了。
that指代物或人, which指物要记好。
who与whom皆指人, whose作定记得牢。
口诀三
that用法真不少, 介词后面不跟了。
先行词含不定代, 指人指物用得巧。
序数形词最高级, that勿重现身妙。
逗号一出that跑, which快快来搭桥。
口诀四
定从选词有妙招, 先行词须找准了。
代入定从见分晓, 主宾表定判断好。
特殊用法套一套, 逻辑句意不动摇。
02
课堂学业达标
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. When people talk about Hangzhou, the first _____comes to mind is the West Lake.
2. (2023·全国乙卷) Tan Yunxian (1461—1554) was a Chinese physician _________
learned her skills from her grandparents.
3. Mr Li wants to talk to the students _______homework hasn’t been handed in.
4. (2024·浙江1月高考)Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the
way ___________will make them the most money.
5. Those _____want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7: 30 pm.
that
who/that
whose
which/ that
who
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. This is the hotel _____________________when I was travelling here.
这是我在这儿旅行时住过的旅馆。
2. Yesterday I got a call from a friend ________________________________
_____.
昨天我接到一个很久没联系的朋友的电话。
3. This is the very book ___________________.
这就是我正在找的那本书。
(that/which) I stayed at
whom I hadn’t contacted for a long
time
that I am looking for
4. We are going to learn some Chinese poems ______________________in the
Tang Dynasty.
我们将学习一些写于唐代的中国诗歌。
5. She is one of the girls ________________________.
她是通过考试的女孩之一。
6. (2025·济南高一检测)We often forget that there are some people in our lives
_____________________.
我们经常忘记, 在我们的生活中, 有些人的存在很重要。
that/which were written
who have passed the exam
whose presence matters(共33张PPT)
01
自主素养储备
02
知识素养积淀
03
课堂学业达标
UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
Period 4　Reading for Writing (Ⅰ) 要点内化课
【素养目标】
1. 掌握本课时的重点单词和短语的用法:
supply、in the open air、calm、aid、on hand、sweep、strike、deliver、effect。
2. 掌握以下实用句型:
be doing. . . when. . . ; make it +adj. +to do sth.
3. 了解新闻报道应包含的基本要素和语言特征, 能够为重大新闻事件的专题报道编写摘要。
01
自主素养储备
根据语境及汉语提示写出单词
1. When a player and I ________(碰撞)into each other, pain raced through my
body.
2. When the city was still sleeping, it was the cleaners who ______(清扫) up the
streets.
3. The pop star walked out of the stage, ________(挥舞) her hands elegantly to
her crazy fans.
4. On May 12, 2008, an earthquake _______(袭击) Wenchuan and the whole
city was in ruins within just a few minutes.
crashed
swept
waving
struck
5. Though faced with big challenges, the rescue workers still did everything in
their power to _______(传送) everything needed to the area.
6. Parents worry about the ______(影响) of music on their children’s behavior.
7. The movie is nearly two hours in ______(长度).
8. I’m going to give you a __________(总结) of today’s discussion about
whether we would go online in our spare time.
deliver
effect
length
summary
02
知识素养积淀
1. supply n. (pl. )补给品; 供应(量); 补给　vt. 供应; 供给　近义词: offer, provide
【观察·悟】
※Fresh water and other commodities are in short supply.
淡水和其他商品短缺。
※The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
我们必须种树的原因是它们能为我们供应新鲜空气。
【生成·得】
①___short supply 　　 短缺
②be _________to 供应给
③supply sth. ______ sb. 为某人供应某物
④supply sb. _____ sth. 供应某人某物
in
supplied
for/to
with
【内化·用】 语法填空
①(2025·咸阳高一检测)He would supply them _____coffee in exchange for
their design talent.
②The power station keeps the villages _________(supply) with electricity.
③After the hurricane, water and food were ___short supply in the stricken areas.
with
supplied
in
2. survive vi. 生存; 存活　vt. 幸存; 艰难度过　派生: survivor n. 幸存者; 生还者
【观察·悟】
※I managed to prevent myself from being hurt, and survived the earthquake.
我设法避免自己受伤并在地震中幸存了下来。
※Rowling had spent years surviving on little money, spending all her time writing.
罗琳过了很多年拮据的生活, 她把所有时间都用来写作。
【生成·得】
①survive sth. 　　 幸免于; 在……中幸存下来
②survive ___ sth. 靠……存活下来/流传下来
【内化·用】 语法填空
①He _________(survive) this time, but no one knows what will happen next time.
②It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the
__________(survive) of the plane crash.
③He survived in the desert for a week ___ biscuits and water.
on
survived
survivors
on
3. sweep vt. &vi. (swept, swept)打扫; 清扫
【观察·悟】
※(应用文之传统节日介绍)“Sweeping the dust”before the Spring Festival means a thorough cleaning of houses to sweep away bad luck in the past year. 在春节前“扫尘”是指彻底清洁房屋以扫除过去一年的厄运。
※A cold wind swept through/across the north.
寒风席卷了北方。
【生成·得】
①sweep. . . _____　　　　　 把……清除掉
②sweep ______________ 席卷; 横扫
③____________________ 清除; 彻底扫除
【内化·用】 语法填空
①Mother told Tom to sweep _____ the dead leaves in the yard.
②Ninety-mile per hour winds swept ______________ the plains.
完成句子
③The new manager ____________________(彻底清除) all the lazy people in the
department.
away
through/across
make a clean sweep of
away
across/through
made a clean sweep of
4. strike vi. &vt. (struck, struck/stricken)侵袭; 突击; 击打　n. 罢工; 罢课; 袭击　近义词(组): hit; occur to
【观察·悟】
※It struck me that we ought to shelter the survivors at once.
我忽然想到我们应该立刻为这些幸存者提供庇护。
※They will go on strike if the demands they put forward are turned down.
如果他们提出的要求被拒绝, 他们会实行罢工。
【生成·得】
①sth. ______sb. 　　　 　　　　 某人突然想到
②___strikes(=occurs to) sb. that. . . 某人突然想到
③be ______________ by 被……袭击
④_________ 在罢工
⑤striking adj. 引人注目的; 显著的
strike
it
struck/stricken
on strike
【内化·用】 语法填空
①I was just about to pay the taxi driver when it struck me _____I had left my
wallet on the airplane.
②—Do you have any idea why the bus drivers are ____strike
—As far as I know, they are calling for a pay rise.
完成句子
③Medical supplies are being dropped to _______________.
医疗物资正被送往灾区。
that
on
the stricken area
5. deliver vt. &vi. 递送; 传达　vt. 发表 　派生: delivery n. 递送
【观察·悟】
※(应用文之通知)Professor Smith will deliver a speech in the grand hall at
2: 00 this afternoon.
史密斯教授将在今天下午2点在大礼堂做演讲。
【生成·得】
①_______________　　 发表演说; 演讲
②deliver sth. ___ sb. 递送某物给某人
deliver a speech
to
【内化·用】 同义替换
①I was once asked to give a lecture (=____________________) before the whole
class for the first time.
语法填空
②He ordered a book and had it _________(deliver) to his office.
③As we can no longer wait for the ________(deliver) of our order we have to
cancel it.
deliver/make a speech
delivered
delivery
6. effect n. 影响; 结果; 效果　派生: effective adj. 有效的　联想: affect v. 影响
【观察·悟】
※Fatness is one of the serious problems which have a bad effect on our health.
肥胖是对我们的健康有不良影响的严重问题之一。
※Once taken, the medicine will soon take effect.
一旦服用, 该药很快就会生效。
※Geniuses have the ability to put into effect what is in their mind.
天才拥有将心中所想付诸实行的能力。
【生成·得】
①have. . . effect ___　　　 对……有……的影响
②_____effect 　　　　　　　　 生效
③be put/taken/carried _____effect 实施; 生效
④in effect(=in fact) 实际上
on
take
into
【巧学助记】 巧记effect家族
The new law came into effect. Nowadays it is beginning to take effect. In effect, it has an effect on our life in many ways besides people’s focus on the food safety. I believe that the effective law will contribute to improve our life quality.
新的法律开始实施了。如今它开始生效了。实际上, 除了人们对食品安全的关注外, 它还在许多方面影响着我们的生活。我相信这部有效的法律将有助于提高我们的生活质量。
【内化·用】 完成句子
①Exercising __________________our health.
运动对我们的健康有好的影响。
②As we know, new traffic rules ________________(已生效) in China since the
first day of 2013.
语法填空
③That measure will be carried ____ effect very soon.
④Keeping a diary in English is one of the ________ (effect) ways to improve our
English writing ability.
has a good effect on
have taken effect
into
effective
【备选要点】
1. wave n. 海浪; 波浪　vi. &vt. 挥手; 招手
【观察·悟】
※The strong wind on the sea picked up high waves and made our boats shake violently.
海上的大风卷起巨浪使得我们的船剧烈地摇晃。
※The mother waved to her son till the bus was out of sight.
那位妈妈一直向她儿子挥手, 直到看不到公共汽车为止。
※The boy waved goodbye to his grandmother.
男孩向他的奶奶挥手再见。
【生成·得】
①wave to sb. 　　　　　 向某人挥手
②wave goodbye to sb. 向某人挥手告别
【内化·用】 完成句子
①He ___________________to draw their attention.
他正挥动手臂以引起他们的注意。
语法填空
②________(wave) a book in front of your face, you’ll feel the air moving against your
face.
③Henry waved ___ his sister, who was just getting off a bus.
was waving his arms
Waving
to
2. crash vt. &vi. 碰撞; 撞击　n. 撞车; 碰撞
【观察·悟】
※When informed of the news that a plane crashed and exploded in Yichun, all of us felt shocked.
当被告知一架飞机在宜春失事并爆炸时, 我们都震惊了。
※A bus crashed into a truck in front of it, causing 40 deaths and many injuries.
一辆公共汽车撞上了它前面的一辆卡车, 造成40人死亡, 并有多人受伤。
※A lot of passengers were killed in the train crash.
许多旅客在火车碰撞中丧生了。
【生成·得】
①crash _____　　　　 撞上
②the train/plane ______ 火车碰撞/飞机失事
【内化·用】 语法填空
①Besides, airplane ________(crash) typically occur during take-off or landing.
②A small plane crashed _____a hillside five miles east of the city, killing all the
people on board.
into
crash
crashes
into
03
课堂学业达标
Ⅰ. 语段填词
1. A number of strong earthquakes have hit Hawaii’s Big Island, a day after the
________(爆发)of the Kilauea Volcano. One 6. 9 magnitude quake, southeast of
the ________(火山), was the most _________(强有力的)to hit the US since 1975.
2. Natural _________(灾难), like drought, flood, ________(台风) and earthquake,
are increasingly happening nowadays, all of which have bad _______(影响)on
people.
3. In an __________(突发事件), if everyone can keep _____(镇静的)and do first
____(帮助), lives can be saved as many as possible.
eruption
volcano
powerful
disasters
typhoon
effects
emergency
calm
aid
4. An earthquake _______(袭击)my hometown last year, making many people
______ ______(遭受)terrible injuries. It was difficult to _______(递送) food and
________(补给品) in a short time. Mercifully, it caused no deaths.
5. In __________(总结), it is my opinion that the disaster has had a lasting
______(影响) on the country’s development.
struck
suffer
from
deliver
supplies
summary
effect
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. We can _____________________________(为你提供最好的服务).
2. Tea stalls with seats ______________(在户外)along the West Lake are
getting more and more popular.
3. Not that I don’t want to help you, but that it’s ________________(超出我的
能力)to do so.
4. Whatever may happen, you must __________(保持镇静).
5. A ___________(急救箱)is a necessary piece of equipment for people when
traveling.
supply you with the best service
in the open air
beyond my power
keep calm
first aid kit
6. We may travel ______________(在……帮助下)a good map.
7. He gave me all the books _________(现有).
8. The students helped their teacher ____________(清除, 打扫) the dirt in the
classroom.
9. The foreign visitors were deeply __________(被……打动, 被……迷住)the
beauty of the West Lake.
10. The new law will ____________________(对……有很大影响)the lives of
most people.
with the aid of
on hand
sweep away
struck by
have a great effect on
Ⅲ. 一词多义
选出strike的意思。
A. 袭击　B. 敲(击); 击打　C. 划; 擦　D. 罢工; 罢课　E. 打动; 感动　
F. 突然想到
1. There were no buses with the clock striking 6 pm. ______
2. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods. _______
3. She was struck by his kindness. _______
4. It struck me that we should have made a plan ahead of time. ______
　B　
　A　
　E　
　F　
A. 袭击　B. 敲(击); 击打　C. 划; 擦　D. 罢工; 罢课　E. 打动; 感动　
F. 突然想到
5. The workers are coming out on strike for higher wages(工资), which is a
shock to the government. _______
6. (2025·上海高一检测)At that moment, there was a sudden strike of lightning,
followed by a shout of thunder. _______
　D　
　C　UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
Period 3　Discovering Useful Structures语法精析课
【素养目标】
1. 在主题语境中学习和理解定语从句的功能和用法。
2. 能够将定语从句用于对具体事物的描述, 以提升自己的语言表达和运用能力。
语法精讲透析
that, which, who, whom, whose引导的限制性定语从句
【体验·悟】
观察下面的课文原句, 感受黑体词的用法。
1. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.
2. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.
3. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
【生成·得】
(1)跟在一个名词或代词后进行修饰限定或补充说明的句子叫作定语从句。定语从句在句子功能上相当于一个形容词。
(2)在复合句中对被修饰的词起修饰限定作用的从句叫作限制性定语从句。它与被修饰的词(组)之间没有逗号。
【研学·析】
一、定语从句的几个概念
1. 先行词: 指被定语从句修饰限定或补充说明的词(组)。
2. 关系代词: 指连接先行词和定语从句的代词(who、 whom、 whose、 that、 which和as)。
3. 关系副词: 指连接先行词和定语从句的副词(when、 where和why)。
二、关系代词的用法
1. 关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 指代的先行词 充当的句子成分
that 指人或物 主语、宾语、表语
which 指物 主语、宾语、表语
who 指人 主语、宾语、表语
whom 指人 宾语
whose 指人或物 定语
(1)that既可指人, 也可指物, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语, 作宾语时可以省略。习惯上指人多用who/whom, 指物多用which。
The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人, 作主语)
The watch that/which is on the table is hers.
桌子上的那块手表是她的。(that指物, 作主语)
(2)which指物, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语, 作宾语时可省略。
The pen (which) you found yesterday is mine. (which作宾语)
昨天你发现的那支钢笔是我的。
“Talk and Talk” is a program which is designed to interview some people to talk about everything positive, covering life, work, study and so on. (which作主语)
“Talk and Talk”是一档节目, 旨在采访一些人, 谈论一切积极的事情, 涵盖生活、工作、学习等。
(3)who指人, 在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语, 作宾语时可省略。
However, those who choose to read English books and visit English learning websites account for only 18% and 12%. (who作主语)
然而, 选择阅读英语书籍和访问英语学习网站的人只占18%和12%。
Danny was the man (who) we rescued from the ruins. (who作宾语)
丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。
(4)whom指人, 在定语从句中作宾语, 可省略, 也可用who或that代替。
The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor. (whom作宾语)
老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
(5)whose既可以指人, 也可以指物, 表示“所属”关系, 在定语从句中作定语。
I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.
我认识那个人, 他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。
2. 关系代词的几个特殊用法
(1)关系词只能用that而不用which的情况
①当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
②当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, much等不定代词时。
Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said
李老师讲的你都记下来了吗
③当先行词被 the only, the very, the last等修饰时。
I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday.
我已找到昨天弄丢的钢笔。
④当先行词既指人, 又指物时。
We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.
我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
⑤当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时。
Which is the book that he borrowed from the library yesterday
哪本是他昨天从图书馆借的书
(2)关系词只能用which而不用that的情况
①当关系词前有介词时。
She took it in the spirit in which it was intended.
她根据其精神实质来认识此事。
②当先行词本身是that且指物时。
Do not do that which you would not have known.
不要做你本来不知道的事。
三、关系代词的选择原则
定语从句的关系代词的选择有三个原则:
1. 判断先行词是人还是物;
2. 判断先行词在定语从句中作何成分;
3. 判断定语从句是限制性的还是非限制性的。
例如:
(1)
(2)
(3)
【内化·用】
读下面的短文并用适当的关系代词填空
　　Everyone has friends, but ideas about friendship are different. Some think that a friend is someone (1)who chats with you on the Internet; others think that a friend is a person (2)who has known you all your life—someone (3)whose family knows you, too. And others only use the term for someone (4)whom you share your secrets with. Although different people have different opinions about friends, there is one thing (5)that is always true: you are free to choose your friends.
常温故·勤总结
口诀一
定语从句真奇妙, 先行词后跟着跑。
关系代词来引导, 限定从句无逗号。
口诀二
关系代词常5个, 指人指物分清了。
that指代物或人, which指物要记好。
who与whom皆指人, whose作定记得牢。
口诀三
that用法真不少, 介词后面不跟了。
先行词含不定代, 指人指物用得巧。
序数形词最高级, that勿重现身妙。
逗号一出that跑, which快快来搭桥。
口诀四
定从选词有妙招, 先行词须找准了。
代入定从见分晓, 主宾表定判断好。
特殊用法套一套, 逻辑句意不动摇。
课堂学业达标
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.
2. (2023·全国乙卷) Tan Yunxian (1461—1554) was a Chinese physician who/that learned her skills from her grandparents.
3. Mr Li wants to talk to the students whose homework hasn’t been handed in.
4. (2024·浙江1月高考)Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way which/ that will make them the most money.
5. Those who want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7: 30 pm.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. This is the hotel (that/which) I stayed at when I was travelling here.
这是我在这儿旅行时住过的旅馆。
2. Yesterday I got a call from a friend whom I hadn’t contacted for a long time.
昨天我接到一个很久没联系的朋友的电话。
3. This is the very book that I am looking for.
这就是我正在找的那本书。
4. We are going to learn some Chinese poems that/which were written in the Tang Dynasty.
我们将学习一些写于唐代的中国诗歌。
5. She is one of the girls who have passed the exam.
她是通过考试的女孩之一。
6. (2025·济南高一检测)We often forget that there are some people in our lives whose presence matters.
我们经常忘记, 在我们的生活中, 有些人的存在很重要。
能力提升 请使用 课时素养检测十九UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
Period 2　Reading and Thinking (Ⅱ)要点内化课
【素养目标】
1. 学习并掌握以下重点单词和短语: ruin、shock、trap、bury、breathe、revive、effort、unify、suffer、as if、in ruins、in shock。
2. 掌握下列实用句型: 动词-ing形式作状语; It seemed as if. . . ; 主语+be+adj. +to do. . .
3. 能够根据语境正确地运用所学单词、短语和句型。
自主素养储备
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出单词
1. (2025·杭州高一检测)After I entered high school, my love for civil engineering(土木工程) inspired me to make greater efforts(努力).
2. People began to wonder how long the disaster (灾难)would last.
3. Usually people from the two countries can understand each other from the context (语境)in the conversation.
4. The number of families seeking shelters rose by 17 percent (百分比).
5. Don’t leave the lights on. It wastes electricity (电).
6. (2025·长春高一检测)With more warming, sea levels will rise and waves will get stronger, causing flooding and more damage(破坏) to land.
Ⅱ. 根据语境和提示词写出正确的单词
1. He took a deep breath(breathe), and began to climb the stairs.
2. She felt a revival (revive)of hope when she saw the rescue team.
3. (2025·蚌埠高一检测)Listen closely to children; it is from their hearts we may learn great wisdom (wise).
4. The number of people employed in agriculture has fallen(fall) in the last ten years.
5. He was trapped (trap) in the traffic jam and felt helpless.
6. They said they did not want war, but if attacked they would fight to the death(dead).
7. The drought (dry) has led to widespread loss of life.
8. Buried (bury) in his lessons, he knew nothing about the outside world.
词汇微空间 动词去“e”+“al”构成名词
revive 振兴; 复兴→revival 振兴; 复兴 arrive 到达→arrival 到达; 降临 survive 幸存下来→survival 幸存 remove 移动; 开除→removal 移动; 搬家 approve 批准; 赞成→approval 批准; 赞成
Ⅲ. 根据语境选择短语并用其适当形式填空
in shock, in ruins, dig out, come to an end, instead of, flood in, in an effort, suffer from
1. After the exam, all the lessons in school also came to an end.
2. It was reported that an American couple had dug out a lot of gold coins from their own yard.
3. Why don’t you play football instead of just looking on
4. The city lay in ruins after the earthquake. Now, rows of houses are being built.
5. Everyone was in shock, thinking the world must be coming to an end.
6. (2025·顺义高一检测)He suffered from great injury in his back so he had to give up his training.
7. During the holiday season, tourists flood in to the city.
8. In an effort to end unhealthy food habits, Jenny made a detailed plan.
知识素养积淀
1. affect vt. 影响; (疾病)侵袭; 深深打动
【观察·悟】
※It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on the earth, including animals and plants.
很明显, 人类活动对地球上所有其他物种, 包括动物和植物, 都产生了负面影响。
※(2024·九省联考)It’s also important to be mindful of how your child’s personality affects playtime.
注意孩子的性格如何影响游戏时间也很重要。
【生成·得】
①be affected by 　 受……的影响
②affect sb. /sth. 影响某人或某物
③effect n. 影响
have an effect on 对……有影响
【内化·用】 语法填空
①Global warming is the most serious issue affecting(affect)all of us on this planet.
②The aid programme will have a great effect on girls’ education in Africa.
2. ruin n. &vt. 破坏; 毁坏
【观察·悟】
※(教材原句)In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins.
在不到一分钟的时间里, 一座大城市就变成了废墟。
※Everything has gone to ruin.
一切都毁了。
※The rubbish in the streets may dirty the city and ruin our health.
街上的垃圾可能会使城市变脏并毁坏我们的健康。
【生成·得】
①go to ruin 　　　　 毁灭; 破产
②be/lie in ruins 成为废墟; 严重受损; 破败不堪
③ruin one’s health 毁坏某人的健康
【联想空间】
break 指打碎, 打破, 既可以是打碎事物, 也可以指人的身体垮掉
damage 指可以重新修复的“破坏”, 程度较小
destroy 常指不能或很难修复的“破坏”, 程度较深
ruin 指长期损坏的结果, 严重到不能修复的“破坏”, 多用来表示抽象概念
【内化·用】　用含有ruin的结构填空
①She wasn’t going to let her plans go to ruin(毁灭).
②(2025·吉大附中实验学校高一检测)The economy was in ruins(严重受损) after the war.
③The whole supermarket was ruined (被毁) in a great fire.
3. shock n. 震惊; 令人震惊的事; 休克　vt. (使)震惊　派生: shocking　adj. 令人震惊的
【观察·悟】
※(教材原句)People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. 人们震惊了——接着, 那天下午晚些时候, 另一次强震再次晃动了唐山。
※In addition, different approaches to teaching and learning may come as a shock to many students.
此外, 不同的教学方法可能会给许多学生带来冲击。
※(2025·八省联考)I managed to find the street the theater was on, but when I turned the corner, I stopped in shock.
我成功找到了剧院所在的那条街, 但是当我走到拐角的时候, 我震惊地停下了。
【生成·得】
①come as a shock　　 令人震惊
②in shock 震惊; 休克
③be shocked at/by 对……吃惊
④be shocked that 对……感到震惊
⑤be shocked to do sth. 做某事很吃惊
【内化·用】 语法填空
①People were shocked to see(see) that the UFO was flying over the city. The shocking(shock) news shocked(shock) all the people around, which was also a great shock to people all over the country.
②They were shocked at how the children had been treated.
同义替换(每空一词)
③The news of Stephen Hawking’s death shocked the whole world greatly.
→The news of Stephen Hawking’s death came as a great shock to the whole world.
4. bury vt. 埋葬; 安葬
【观察·悟】
※Buried in the sands was an ancient village.
一个古老的村庄被埋在沙土之中。
※(读后续写之动作描写)She was sitting on the bench in the park, burying herself in the book.
她正坐在公园里的长凳上埋头看书。
【生成·得】
①be buried in 　　葬于; 被埋在; 专心于
②bury oneself in 埋头于; 专心于
【内化·用】 语法填空
①Though buried (bury) in the ruins for about 70 hours after the earthquake, the man managed to survive.
②Burying (bury) himself in the newspaper, he didn’t know it was raining outside.
【知识延伸】
表示“专心于”且与“be buried in”类似的表达还有:
①be lost in= lose oneself in 沉迷于
②be absorbed in = absorb oneself in 全神贯注于
③be devoted to=devote oneself to 致力于; 献身于
5. effort n. 努力; 艰难的尝试; 尽力　派生: effortless adj. 不费力的
【观察·悟】
※(2025·浙江1月高考)Building effective communication skills takes time, but the effects are worth the effort.
建立有效的沟通技巧需要时间, 但效果是值得的。
※As a high school student, you must make an effort/make efforts to develop critical and independent thinking.
作为一名高中生, 你必须努力培养批判性思维和独立思考能力。
※(应用文之环境保护)It is necessary to stop damaging the earth and spare no effort to protect it and make it a lovely place to live in.
很有必要阻止破坏地球的行为, 应不遗余力地保护地球, 把地球变成一个适宜居住的美丽的地方。
【生成·得】
①make efforts/an effort/every effort 作出努力
②spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
③without effort 毫不费力地
④it takes effort to do sth. 做某事需要努力
【知识延伸】 “努力做某事”的其他表达
①work hard to do sth.
②do/try one’s best to do sth.
③fight/struggle/attempt to do sth.
【内化·用】 语法填空
①A good environment depends on the efforts (effort) made by everyone.
②No one can achieve anything without effort.
完成句子
③He spares no effort to practice speaking English (不遗余力地练习说英语) every day.
④It takes great effort to master a foreign language.
要掌握一门外语需要付出极大的努力。
6. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 仿佛世界末日即将来临!
【观察·悟】
※It seems as if it were spring already.
现在仿佛已经是春天了。
※(2025·渭南高一检测)It seems as if these long journeys could only be made possible in recent years by modern transportation.
似乎这些长途旅行只有在近年来通过现代交通工具才能实现。
※He looked at me as if/though I weren’t there.
他看着我, 好像我不在那里一样。
【生成·得】
句中as if引导的是表语从句。as if意为“似乎; 好像”。从句使用了虚拟语气, 表示事情与将来的事实不符。
as if引导表语从句时, 如果从句所描述的情况与现在的事实不符, 则用一般过去时; 若与过去的事实不符, 则用过去完成时; 若与将来的事实不符, 则用“were going to do”或“would do”结构。
注意: 如果as if从句中的情况很有可能发生, 则使用陈述语气。如: It seemed as if you didn’t want to tell us the fact. 似乎你不想告诉我们事实。
【内化·用】 语法填空
①He described the characters in the novel as if he had met (meet) them face to face.
完成句子
②Eliza remembers that thing exactly as if it happened yesterday (好像它发生在昨天).
③It seemed as if they were never going to have (决不会有) the chance of working again.
【备选要点】
1. rescue n. &vt. 营救; 救援
【观察·悟】
※What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area
营救人员和士兵正在洪灾地区做什么呢
※When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers came to our rescue. 当我们被困在废墟中时, 士兵们赶来救援。
【生成·得】
①rescue worker 　　　　 救援人员
②come to one’s rescue 援救某人
③rescue. . . from. . . 把……从……解救出来
【内化·用】 语法填空
①He was about to give up when they came to his rescue.
②The sisters were treated as local heroes after rescuing (rescue) a two-year-old boy from drowning.
2. shelter n. 避难处, 居所; 庇护; vt. 保护; 掩蔽　vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)
【观察·悟】
※Last summer, I was a volunteer at a shelter for the homeless.
去年夏天, 我在一家避难所给无家可归的人当义工。
※He is sheltering from the rain in the store.
他在这间店里躲雨。
※You can’t shelter your brother from blame in the accident.
你不可以庇护你的兄弟, 使其免受事故的责难。
【生成·得】
①at a shelter 　　　　　 在避难所
②under the shelter of 在……的庇护下
③shelter from 躲避
④shelter sb. from 庇护某人免受
【内化·用】 完成句子
①These plants must be sheltered from direct sunlight.
这些植物必须遮起来, 免受阳光直射。
②The big beach umbrella sheltered us from the strong sunlight that day.
那天海滩大伞为我们遮挡了强烈的阳光。
3. trap vt. 使落入险境; 使陷入圈套　n. 险境; 陷阱
【观察·悟】
※They set a trap to catch the thief.
他们设下圈套来捉拿那个贼。
※They were trapped in the burning hotel.
他们被困在发生火灾的旅馆里。
※By clever questioning they trapped him into telling the truth. 他们用巧妙的提问诱使他说了实话。
【巧学助记】 trap一词多义
【生成·得】
①set a trap 　　　　　　 设下圈套
②be trapped in 被困在……中; 陷入
③trap sb. into doing sth. 诱使某人做某事
【内化·用】 语法填空
①They trapped her into selling (sell) her house at a low price.
完成句子
②The soldiers successfully rescued the survivors who were trapped in the mine(被困在矿井里的).
4. breathe vi. &vt. 呼吸　派生: breath n. 呼吸
【观察·悟】
※(教材原句)Slowly, the city began to breathe again. 慢慢地, 这座城市再一次开始呼吸起来。
※Notice how your hands move as you breathe in and out. 注意你的双手在吸气和呼气时如何运动。
※By the time I got to the top of the hill, I was quite out of breath.
等我爬到山顶的时候, 我已经是上气不接下气了。
【生成·得】
①breathe in 　　　　吸气
②breathe out 呼气
③out of breath 上气不接下气
【内化·用】 语法填空
①The higher they went, the more difficult it was to breathe (breathe).
完成句子
②The weak girl was out of breath (气喘吁吁) only after five minutes’ walk.
③It’s good to breathe (in) (吸入) fresh country air instead of city smoke.
5. suffer vt. 遭受; 蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦　派生: suffering n. 受难; 苦难
【观察·悟】
※We have both achieved success and suffered failure.
我们俩都取得过成功, 也遭受过失败。
※Mary is suffering from ill health at the moment.
玛丽眼下身体不好。
※Lacking confidence can lead to a lot of sufferings.
缺乏自信心会导致许多痛苦。
【生成·得】
①suffer failure/pain/hardship 遭受失败/痛苦/困苦
②suffer from ill health/a headache 生病/头疼
【内化·用】 语法填空
①The old man went through a lot of sufferings (suffer) in the old days.
完成句子
②(2025·顺义高一检测改编)Some students are suffering from much stress(承受很大压力) and they often feel depressed.
③His leg was broken and he suffered great pain(遭受了巨大的痛苦).
6. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water.
老鼠从田地里跑出来寻找地方藏身, 鱼儿从水里跳出来。
【观察·悟】
※He sat at the table reading China Daily in English.
他坐在桌子旁看英文版的《中国日报》。
※Being ill, Lily didn’t go to school as usual today.
因为生病, 莉莉今天没像往常一样去上学。
※Having been badly damaged by the earthquake, the city has to be rebuilt.
遭受到这次地震的严重破坏, 这座城市必须被重建。
※The big fire lasted nearly two days, leaving nothing valuable.
大火持续了将近两天, 没剩下什么值钱的东西。
※Turning right, you will find the place you want.
向右转, 你就会找到你要找的地方了。
【生成·得】
句中looking for places to hide是动词-ing形式短语作状语的用法, 表示伴随状况。
动词-ing形式(短语)在句中可以作状语, 表示原因、时间、条件、结果、目的、让步、方式或伴随状况等。
【内化·用】 语法填空
①I almost bury myself in books every day, going (go) over my lessons and doing a lot of exercises.
完成句子
②Not having experienced (没有经历过) earthquakes before, I was very frightened.
③We bicycled to the suburbs(郊区) to plant trees on the morning of March 12th, talking and laughing (又说又笑) all the way.
句型转换
④After he had left the factory, he went to a larger city.
→Having left the factory, he went to a larger city.
课堂学业达标
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2025·中山一中高一检测)The growth from childhood to adulthood is effortless(effort) for some, but difficult for others.
2. He quit such a nice job, which made us all shocked (shock).
3. His inspiring speech made us decide to spare no effort to make(make)the world a better place.
4. She often talked of what she had gone through during the terrible disaster.
5. The soldier was trying to save the girl trapped (trap) in the burning house.
6. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good to breathe(breathe).
7. The earthquake left the city in ruins (ruin); it would take a lot of money to rebuild it.
8. The doctor decided to offer some advice to the athlete suffering (suffer) from a bad back.
9. Tom and his new friend talked as if they had been (be) friends for years.
10. People travel to remote areas and visit faraway places without destroying(destroy) the environment.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
think of; as if; look up; as usual; suffer from; come to one’s rescue; set up; nothing but; in shock; go through
1. Let’s think of some questions about life.
2. They set up schools, factories and hospitals in this poor area.
3. (2025·长沙高一检测)Returning home from the lesson, I disappeared into my room as usual.
4. It is shocking to see the patient suffering from poverty and diseases and we all want to do something to help him.
5. The old man who went through many sufferings in the past is now living a happy life.
6. The man was buried by the landslide, and the soldiers immediately came to his rescue.
7. He suddenly rushed out, leaving all the people in the room in shock.
8. I often look up the new words while I read and I can’t understand the sentence.
9. Don’t take it seriously, Alice, it’s nothing but a joke.
10. He talks with a stranger as if they were good friends.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. Two thirds of the people there have been greatly affected by (已经受到……的极大影响) air, noise and water pollution.
2. There were thousands of people who were buried in the ruins(被埋在废墟下的人).
3. What shocks us is (使我们震惊的是)that just on the wall, an obvious sign says: please save water.
4. One night Peter was burying himself in doing his lessons (正在专心做功课) when he felt the floor shaking slightly.
5. We are supposed to make every effort(尽一切努力) to keep the balance between human and nature.
6. The fires burned for three days destroying a total of 25, 000 buildings (破坏了共2. 5万栋建筑).
7. (2025·平罗一中高一检测)I had been too nervous to pay attention when he introduced himself.
我太紧张都没有注意听老师的自我介绍。
Ⅳ. 熟词生义
写出下列黑体词的词性及意思。
1. The woman trapped the old man into buying her goods. v. 引诱; 诱骗
2. We were all affected by the vivacity of this lovely little boy. v. (感情上)感染
能力提升 请使用 课时素养检测十八UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
Period 1　Reading and Thinking (Ⅰ)语篇研读课
【素养目标】
1. 掌握本课时的重点单词、短语及句型的用法。
2. 能够掌握报告文学兼具文学性和知识性的语言特点。能够欣赏文本中所运用的修辞方法和写作技巧, 理解作者在作品中所表达的情感和写作意图。
3. 能够从地震的前兆、地震过程和地震之后的损害及重建等方面描述一次地震。
自主素养储备
Ⅰ. 阅读词汇
1. brick　　　 n. 砖; 积木
2. drought n. 久旱, 旱灾
3. context n. 背景; 上下文
4. erupt v. 喷发; 爆发
5. metal n. 金属
Ⅱ. 核心词汇
1. affect　　　 v. 影响; 使感动; (疾病)感染; 假装
2. ruin v. &n. 毁坏; 破坏
3. supply n. 提供, 供应(量); 储备; 补给品 v. 供应, 提供; 补充, 填充
4. bury v. 安葬; 埋藏
5. effort n. 努力; 艰难的尝试; 尽力
6. damage vt. 损害; 破坏　n. 损坏; 损失
Ⅲ. 拓展词汇
1. survive vi. 生存; 存活 vt. 幸存; 艰难度过→ survivor n. 幸存者; 生还者
→ survival n. 幸存
2. shock n. 震惊; 令人震惊的事; 休克vt. (使)震惊→shocking adj. 令人震惊的
→shocked adj. 感到震惊的
3. breathe vi. &vt. 呼吸→breath n. 呼吸
4. revive vt. &vi. 复活; (使)苏醒→ revival n. 振兴; 复苏
5. unify vi. &vt. 统一; (使)成一体→unite vi. &vt. 联合
6. wise adj. 明智的→wisdom n. 智慧; 才智
7. suffer vt. 遭受; 蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
→sufferer n. 患病者, 受难者→suffering n. 苦难
Ⅳ. 重点短语
1. as if　　　　 似乎; 好像; 仿佛
2. in ruins 严重受损; 破败不堪
3. in shock 震惊; 吃惊
4. set up 建立
5. as usual 像往常一样
6. come to an end 结束
7. the number of ……的数量
8. dig out 挖掘
探究素养提能
Step 1　Pre-reading
1. Have you ever experienced any disaster What was it
I have experienced a serious flood disaster. /Last summer, I experienced an earthquake in my countryside.
2. What’s your feeling if an earthquake happens in your hometown
If an earthquake happens, I’ll feel extremely scared, worried and anxious. But I’ll try my best to keep calm and do as my parents ever told me.
Step 2　While-reading
Read the text carefully again and choose the best answer.
1. What does the title “THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP” mean
A. The earth was not sleepy at all at night.
B. The earth was disturbed by the noisy animals.
C. People couldn’t fall asleep because of the quake.
D. People didn’t like to sleep at that night.
2. Why did people in the city are asleep as usual that night
A. They were too tired after a day’s work.
B. They didn’t see the strange things at that night.
C. They were afraid of the bright lights and loud noises.
D. They couldn’t imagine there would be an earthquake.
3. What can we know from “Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. ”
A. The city was badly destroyed.
B. The autumn had arrived.
C. The bricks were too heavy.
D. There were too many bricks on the ground.
4. What does the writer mean by “Slowly, the city began to breathe again. ”
A. The doctors cured the illness of the city’s people.
B. The city was revived and returned to normal.
C. The city wouldn’t be destroyed by any disasters.
D. The air in the city was too fresh to breathe again.
答案: 1~4. CDAB
Sentence Explanation
Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150, 000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
分析: 本句的主干句为: the army sent 150, 000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those and to bury the dead。短语Soon after the quakes为时间状语; 关系代词who引导的从句“who were trapped”为定语从句, 先行词为those。
句意: 地震发生后不久, 部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山, 将受困群众从废墟中挖出, 并掩埋死者。
Step 3　Post-reading
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
　　Several days before 28 July 1976, many strange things happened in Tangshan. They were signs of 1. an earthquake. But people who lived there didn’t think much of that. At 3: 42 a. m. that day, the earth began 2. to shake(shake), 3. which destroyed almost all the city in less than one minute. People were 4. in shock. Later that afternoon, another big earthquake 5. shook(shake) the city again. Even 6. more(many) buildings fell down. Very soon the army sent a lot of soldiers to help, and teams were organized to dig out people who 7. were trapped(trap) and to bury the dead. Many people, 8. including(include) nurses and doctors, came to rescue those who were trapped under the ruins. Slowly, things improved and the city began 9. to breathe(breath) again. With the government’s support and the local people’s tireless efforts, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake 10. ruins(ruin). It proves that in times of disaster, people must unify.
【主题情境思考】
Choose one question to think about or discuss.
1. Who do you think plays the most important role in the revival of Tangshan city after the earthquake Why
The government. Because it’s the government who sent an army of soldiers, doctors, nurses and workers to help rebuild the Tangshan city.
2. How should we act in times of big disaster
We should try our best to protect ourselves and people’s life. Importantly, we ought to unify and stay positive to give our hands to the survivors, help them rebuild their homes, just like the saying goes “Many hands make light work”.
3. What would it be if the Tangshan earthquake had been foretold
Few people were dead and less damage was caused if the earthquake had been foretold.
课堂学业达标
　　An earthquake happens when two plates rub (摩擦) together. The earth plates travel in different directions and at different speeds. If one plate is slowly forced under the other, pressure builds up until the plates break apart. This process causes the ground to move. It is an earthquake. In other words, earthquakes are the shaking of the earth’s surface caused by the earth’s rocky outer layer (岩层) as a result of the energy stored within the earth. The strain within the rocks is suddenly released (释放).
　　The damage an earthquake causes depends on where it is and when it is happening. If an unpopulated region is struck, there will be low loss of life or property. If it hits a large city, there may be many injuries and much destruction. Many of the areas at risk are largely populated now. Major earthquakes hitting those areas today could produce terrible damage.
　　Actually, there are several million small earthquakes every year. Large earthquakes such as the 1964 Alaskan quake that measured 9. 2 on the Richter scale, caused millions of dollars in damage. In the last 500 years, millions of people have been killed by earthquakes around the world — including around 240, 000 in the 1976 Tangshan earthquake in China.
　　A 60-second or less earthquake can cause devastation (破坏) that continues for years after the first tremor (震动). In 1972, a series of severe earthquakes struck Managua, Nicaragua. Fifteen years later, the city still looked the way it had a week after the earthquake hit, because the country did not have the money necessary to rebuild it.
　　The shaking of the earth is sometimes not the greatest disaster. It is in the ensuing fires and floods that often the greatest damage occurs. In the 1906 earthquake, it was the fire caused after it that did the majority of the damage. An earthquake can also destroy dams high above a city or valleys, causing floods to sweep down and sweep away everything in their path.
【语篇概述】本文主要讲述了地震的成因及危害。
Ⅰ. Skim the passage and find the main idea quickly.
This passage mainly tells us the causes and damage of earthquakes.
Ⅱ. Read the passage again and choose the best answer.
1. Which of the following is the main idea of Paragraph 1
A. An earthquake comes from inside the earth.
B. The earth has great energy in storage.
C. How the earth plates move.
D. How an earthquake happens.
【解析】选D。段落大意题。第一段主要讲述了地震的成因。
2. How many examples are used in the passage to show the damage and destruction earthquakes cause
A. Three. 　B. Four. 　C. Five. 　D. Six.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。文中提到1964年阿拉斯加地震, 1976年唐山地震, 1972年尼加拉瓜的马那瓜地震, 以及1906年地震, 共四次。
3. Which of the following is mentioned to show that an earthquake can kill too many people
A. The 1964 Alaskan quake.
B. The 1976 Tangshan earthquake.
C. The 1972 Managua earthquake.
D. The 1906 earthquake.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。由第三段最后一句可知1976年唐山大地震中大约24万人遇难。
4. What does the underlined word “ensuing” in the last paragraph probably mean
A. Causing too much heat and great damage.
B. Causing many injuries and much destruction.
C. Happening as a result of another event.
D. Happening suddenly and unexpectedly.
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。下文提到在1906年地震中, 绝大部分的损失是地震引起的火灾造成的。由此推出ensuing是指“另一件事所引起的; 因而发生的”。
能力提升 请使用 课时素养检测十七UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
Period 4　Reading for Writing (Ⅰ) 要点内化课
【素养目标】
1. 掌握本课时的重点单词和短语的用法:
supply、in the open air、calm、aid、on hand、sweep、strike、deliver、effect。
2. 掌握以下实用句型:
be doing. . . when. . . ; make it +adj. +to do sth.
3. 了解新闻报道应包含的基本要素和语言特征, 能够为重大新闻事件的专题报道编写摘要。
自主素养储备
根据语境及汉语提示写出单词
1. When a player and I crashed(碰撞)into each other, pain raced through my body.
2. When the city was still sleeping, it was the cleaners who swept(清扫) up the streets.
3. The pop star walked out of the stage, waving (挥舞) her hands elegantly to her crazy fans.
4. On May 12, 2008, an earthquake struck (袭击) Wenchuan and the whole city was in ruins within just a few minutes.
5. Though faced with big challenges, the rescue workers still did everything in their power to deliver (传送) everything needed to the area.
6. Parents worry about the effect (影响) of music on their children’s behavior.
7. The movie is nearly two hours in length(长度).
8. I’m going to give you a summary (总结) of today’s discussion about whether we would go online in our spare time.
知识素养积淀
1. supply n. (pl. )补给品; 供应(量); 补给　vt. 供应; 供给　近义词: offer, provide
【观察·悟】
※Fresh water and other commodities are in short supply.
淡水和其他商品短缺。
※The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
我们必须种树的原因是它们能为我们供应新鲜空气。
【生成·得】
①in short supply 　　 短缺
②be supplied to 供应给
③supply sth. for/to sb. 为某人供应某物
④supply sb. with sth. 供应某人某物
【内化·用】 语法填空
①(2025·咸阳高一检测)He would supply them with coffee in exchange for their design talent.
②The power station keeps the villages supplied (supply) with electricity.
③After the hurricane, water and food were in short supply in the stricken areas.
2. survive vi. 生存; 存活　vt. 幸存; 艰难度过　派生: survivor n. 幸存者; 生还者
【观察·悟】
※I managed to prevent myself from being hurt, and survived the earthquake.
我设法避免自己受伤并在地震中幸存了下来。
※Rowling had spent years surviving on little money, spending all her time writing.
罗琳过了很多年拮据的生活, 她把所有时间都用来写作。
【生成·得】
①survive sth. 　　 幸免于; 在……中幸存下来
②survive on sth. 靠……存活下来/流传下来
【内化·用】 语法填空
①He survived(survive) this time, but no one knows what will happen next time.
②It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors(survive) of the plane crash.
③He survived in the desert for a week on biscuits and water.
3. sweep vt. &vi. (swept, swept)打扫; 清扫
【观察·悟】
※(应用文之传统节日介绍)“Sweeping the dust”before the Spring Festival means a thorough cleaning of houses to sweep away bad luck in the past year. 在春节前“扫尘”是指彻底清洁房屋以扫除过去一年的厄运。
※A cold wind swept through/across the north.
寒风席卷了北方。
【生成·得】
①sweep. . . away　　　　　把……清除掉
②sweep through/across 席卷; 横扫
③make a clean sweep of 清除; 彻底扫除
【内化·用】 语法填空
①Mother told Tom to sweep away the dead leaves in the yard.
②Ninety-mile per hour winds swept across/through the plains.
完成句子
③The new manager made a clean sweep of (彻底清除) all the lazy people in the department.
4. strike vi. &vt. (struck, struck/stricken)侵袭; 突击; 击打　n. 罢工; 罢课; 袭击　近义词(组): hit; occur to
【观察·悟】
※It struck me that we ought to shelter the survivors at once.
我忽然想到我们应该立刻为这些幸存者提供庇护。
※They will go on strike if the demands they put forward are turned down.
如果他们提出的要求被拒绝, 他们会实行罢工。
【生成·得】
①sth. strike sb. 　　　 　　　　 某人突然想到
②it strikes(=occurs to) sb. that. . . 某人突然想到
③be struck/stricken by 被……袭击
④on strike 在罢工
⑤striking adj. 引人注目的; 显著的
【内化·用】 语法填空
①I was just about to pay the taxi driver when it struck me that I had left my wallet on the airplane.
②—Do you have any idea why the bus drivers are on strike
—As far as I know, they are calling for a pay rise.
完成句子
③Medical supplies are being dropped to the stricken area.
医疗物资正被送往灾区。
5. deliver vt. &vi. 递送; 传达　vt. 发表 　派生: delivery n. 递送
【观察·悟】
※(应用文之通知)Professor Smith will deliver a speech in the grand hall at 2: 00 this afternoon.
史密斯教授将在今天下午2点在大礼堂做演讲。
【生成·得】
①deliver a speech 　　 发表演说; 演讲
②deliver sth. to sb. 递送某物给某人
【内化·用】 同义替换
①I was once asked to give a lecture (=deliver/make a speech) before the whole class for the first time.
语法填空
②He ordered a book and had it delivered(deliver) to his office.
③As we can no longer wait for the delivery (deliver) of our order we have to cancel it.
6. effect n. 影响; 结果; 效果　派生: effective adj. 有效的　联想: affect v. 影响
【观察·悟】
※Fatness is one of the serious problems which have a bad effect on our health.
肥胖是对我们的健康有不良影响的严重问题之一。
※Once taken, the medicine will soon take effect.
一旦服用, 该药很快就会生效。
※Geniuses have the ability to put into effect what is in their mind.
天才拥有将心中所想付诸实行的能力。
【生成·得】
①have. . . effect on　　　 对……有……的影响
②take effect 　　　　　　　　 生效
③be put/taken/carried into effect 实施; 生效
④in effect(=in fact) 实际上
【巧学助记】 巧记effect家族
The new law came into effect. Nowadays it is beginning to take effect. In effect, it has an effect on our life in many ways besides people’s focus on the food safety. I believe that the effective law will contribute to improve our life quality.
新的法律开始实施了。如今它开始生效了。实际上, 除了人们对食品安全的关注外, 它还在许多方面影响着我们的生活。我相信这部有效的法律将有助于提高我们的生活质量。
【内化·用】 完成句子
①Exercising has a good effect on our health.
运动对我们的健康有好的影响。
②As we know, new traffic rules have taken effect (已生效) in China since the first day of 2013.
语法填空
③That measure will be carried into effect very soon.
④Keeping a diary in English is one of the effective (effect) ways to improve our English writing ability.
【备选要点】
1. wave n. 海浪; 波浪　vi. &vt. 挥手; 招手
【观察·悟】
※The strong wind on the sea picked up high waves and made our boats shake violently.
海上的大风卷起巨浪使得我们的船剧烈地摇晃。
※The mother waved to her son till the bus was out of sight.
那位妈妈一直向她儿子挥手, 直到看不到公共汽车为止。
※The boy waved goodbye to his grandmother.
男孩向他的奶奶挥手再见。
【生成·得】
①wave to sb. 　　　　　 向某人挥手
②wave goodbye to sb. 向某人挥手告别
【内化·用】 完成句子
①He was waving his arms to draw their attention.
他正挥动手臂以引起他们的注意。
语法填空
②Waving(wave) a book in front of your face, you’ll feel the air moving against your face.
③Henry waved to his sister, who was just getting off a bus.
2. crash vt. &vi. 碰撞; 撞击　n. 撞车; 碰撞
【观察·悟】
※When informed of the news that a plane crashed and exploded in Yichun, all of us felt shocked.
当被告知一架飞机在宜春失事并爆炸时, 我们都震惊了。
※A bus crashed into a truck in front of it, causing 40 deaths and many injuries.
一辆公共汽车撞上了它前面的一辆卡车, 造成40人死亡, 并有多人受伤。
※A lot of passengers were killed in the train crash.
许多旅客在火车碰撞中丧生了。
【生成·得】
①crash into 　　　　 撞上
②the train/plane crash 火车碰撞/飞机失事
【内化·用】 语法填空
①Besides, airplane crashes (crash) typically occur during take-off or landing.
②A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, killing all the people on board.
课堂学业达标
Ⅰ. 语段填词
1. A number of strong earthquakes have hit Hawaii’s Big Island, a day after the eruption(爆发)of the Kilauea Volcano. One 6. 9 magnitude quake, southeast of the volcano(火山), was the most powerful (强有力的)to hit the US since 1975.
2. Natural disasters(灾难), like drought, flood, typhoon(台风) and earthquake, are increasingly happening nowadays, all of which have bad effects (影响)on people.
3. In an emergency(突发事件), if everyone can keep calm (镇静的)and do first aid(帮助), lives can be saved as many as possible.
4. An earthquake struck (袭击)my hometown last year, making many people suffer from (遭受)terrible injuries. It was difficult to deliver(递送) food and supplies(补给品) in a short time. Mercifully, it caused no deaths.
5. In summary(总结), it is my opinion that the disaster has had a lasting effect(影响) on the country’s development.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. We can supply you with the best service(为你提供最好的服务).
2. Tea stalls with seats in the open air (在户外)along the West Lake are getting more and more popular.
3. Not that I don’t want to help you, but that it’s beyond my power(超出我的能力)to do so.
4. Whatever may happen, you must keep calm(保持镇静).
5. A first aid kit(急救箱)is a necessary piece of equipment for people when traveling.
6. We may travel with the aid of (在……帮助下)a good map.
7. He gave me all the books on hand(现有).
8. The students helped their teacher sweep away (清除, 打扫) the dirt in the classroom.
9. The foreign visitors were deeply struck by (被……打动, 被……迷住)the beauty of the West Lake.
10. The new law will have a great effect on(对……有很大影响)the lives of most people.
Ⅲ. 一词多义
选出strike的意思。
A. 袭击　B. 敲(击); 击打　C. 划; 擦　D. 罢工; 罢课　E. 打动; 感动　F. 突然想到
1. There were no buses with the clock striking 6 pm. 　B　
2. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods. 　A　
3. She was struck by his kindness. 　E　
4. It struck me that we should have made a plan ahead of time. 　F　
5. The workers are coming out on strike for higher wages(工资), which is a shock to the government. 　D　
6. (2025·上海高一检测)At that moment, there was a sudden strike of lightning, followed by a shout of thunder. 　C　
能力提升 请使用 课时素养检测二十(共10张PPT)
UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
Period 5　Reading for Writing (Ⅱ)写作培优课
概要写作
【写作指导】
文体概述
　　此类写作要求在正确理解文章的基础上, 而且在不改变原文中心思想的前提下, 用简明、精炼的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点。
步骤解析
　　(1)读懂原文, 抓住大意。
　　(2)划主题句, 圈关键词。
　　(3)转换表达, 重组信息。
【典题示例】
　　阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要
　　An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005. It took some 75, 000 lives, injured 130, 000 and left nearly 3. 5 million without food, jobs or homes. Almost overnight, scores of tent villages went up across the region with the help of international aid organization, military personnel(人员) and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set in.
　　Mercifully, the season was mild. But with the coming of spring, the
survivors would be moved again. Camps that provided health care, food and
shelter for 150, 000 survivors have begun to close as they were never intended
to be permanent.
　　For most of the survivors, the thought of going back brings mixed emotions.
The past six months have been difficult. Families of as many as 10 people have
had to shelter in a single tent and share cook stoves and bathing facilities with
neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers, ”
officials say. “They are dreaming of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their fields and start farming again. ” But most will be returning to nothing but piles of ruins. In many villages, electrical lines have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers measure that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took away. And for the thousands of survivors, the recovery will never be complete.
　　Yet the survivors have to start somewhere. New homes can be built from the stones, bricks and beams(梁) of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good time to start again.
Step 1　谋篇立意
人称: 第___人称
时态: 一般_____时
要点: 段落_______及关键信息
三
过去
主题句
Step 2　语言支架
划主题句, 圈关键词
(第一段)主题句: ______________hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005.
关键词: _______(受伤), ____________(组织), _______(庇护), _________(幸存者)
(第二段)主题句: But with the coming of spring, the survivors _______________again.
(第三段)主题句: For most of the survivors, the thought of going back brings _______
_________.
关键词: ______(废墟) _______________(复杂情绪)
(第四段)主题句: Yet the survivors have to _______________.
An earthquake
injured
organization
shelter
survivors
would be moved
mixed
emotions
ruins
mixed emotions
start somewhere
1. 读懂原文, 抓住大意。
大意: This passage tells us ______________happening in Kashmir on Oct. 8,
2005, which ______________a great number of _________________. But with
the spring coming, _____________started to __________________.
2. 转换表达, 重组信息。
①On Oct. 8, 2005, an earthquake hit Kashmir. It ______________________
_______________________(造成太多死亡、伤害和重大损失).
②The international rescue organization _____________________(为幸存者安
排了避难所) before the winter came.
an earthquake
brought about
deaths and injuries
the survivors
rebuild their homes
caused too many deaths,
injuries and heavy losses
sheltered the survivors
③The survivors had to __________(被搬走) after suffering for six months.
④____________________(带着复杂的情绪), most survivors wanted to go back
but were afraid of _______________(面对废墟).
⑤Although the recovery seemed never complete, the survivors had started ___
__________________(重建家园).
be moved
With mixed emotions
facing the ruins
to
rebuild their homes
Step 3　润色成篇
　　On Oct. 8, 2005, an earthquake hit Kashmir, (要点1) which caused too many deaths, injuries and heavy losses. Immediately, (要点2) the international rescue organization sheltered the survivors before the winter came. However, (要点3)the survivors had to be moved after suffering for six months. (要点4)With mixed emotions, most survivors wanted to go back but were afraid of facing the ruins. Although the recovery seemed never complete, the survivors had started to rebuild their homes. (要点5) UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
Period 5　Reading for Writing (Ⅱ)写作培优课
概要写作
【写作指导】
文体概述
　　此类写作要求在正确理解文章的基础上, 而且在不改变原文中心思想的前提下, 用简明、精炼的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点。
步骤解析
　　(1)读懂原文, 抓住大意。
　　(2)划主题句, 圈关键词。
　　(3)转换表达, 重组信息。
【典题示例】
　　阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要
　　An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005. It took some 75, 000 lives, injured 130, 000 and left nearly 3. 5 million without food, jobs or homes. Almost overnight, scores of tent villages went up across the region with the help of international aid organization, military personnel(人员) and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set in.
　　Mercifully, the season was mild. But with the coming of spring, the survivors would be moved again. Camps that provided health care, food and shelter for 150, 000 survivors have begun to close as they were never intended to be permanent.
　　For most of the survivors, the thought of going back brings mixed emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of as many as 10 people have had to shelter in a single tent and share cook stoves and bathing facilities with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers, ” officials say. “They are dreaming of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their fields and start farming again. ” But most will be returning to nothing but piles of ruins. In many villages, electrical lines have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers measure that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took away. And for the thousands of survivors, the recovery will never be complete.
　　Yet the survivors have to start somewhere. New homes can be built from the stones, bricks and beams(梁) of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good time to start again.
Step 1　谋篇立意
人称: 第三人称
时态: 一般过去时
要点: 段落主题句及关键信息
Step 2　语言支架
划主题句, 圈关键词
(第一段)主题句: An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005.
关键词: injured(受伤), organization(组织), shelter(庇护), survivors(幸存者)
(第二段)主题句: But with the coming of spring, the survivors would be moved again.
(第三段)主题句: For most of the survivors, the thought of going back brings mixed emotions.
关键词: ruins(废墟) mixed emotions (复杂情绪)
(第四段)主题句: Yet the survivors have to start somewhere.
1. 读懂原文, 抓住大意。
大意: This passage tells us an earthquake happening in Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005, which brought about a great number of deaths and injuries. But with the spring coming, the survivors started to rebuild their homes.
2. 转换表达, 重组信息。
①On Oct. 8, 2005, an earthquake hit Kashmir. It caused too many deaths, injuries and heavy losses (造成太多死亡、伤害和重大损失).
②The international rescue organization sheltered the survivors (为幸存者安排了避难所) before the winter came.
③The survivors had to be moved (被搬走) after suffering for six months.
④With mixed emotions(带着复杂的情绪), most survivors wanted to go back but were afraid of facing the ruins (面对废墟).
⑤Although the recovery seemed never complete, the survivors had started to rebuild their homes (重建家园).
Step 3　润色成篇
　　On Oct. 8, 2005, an earthquake hit Kashmir, (要点1) which caused too many deaths, injuries and heavy losses. Immediately, (要点2) the international rescue organization sheltered the survivors before the winter came. However, (要点3)the survivors had to be moved after suffering for six months. (要点4)With mixed emotions, most survivors wanted to go back but were afraid of facing the ruins. Although the recovery seemed never complete, the survivors had started to rebuild their homes. (要点5)
阶段诊断 请使用 单元素养检测(五)(共54张PPT)
01
自主素养储备
02
知识素养积淀
03
课堂学业达标
UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
Period 2　Reading and Thinking (Ⅱ)要点内化课
【素养目标】
1. 学习并掌握以下重点单词和短语: ruin、shock、trap、bury、breathe、revive、effort、unify、suffer、as if、in ruins、in shock。
2. 掌握下列实用句型: 动词-ing形式作状语; It seemed as if. . . ; 主语+be+adj. +to do. . .
3. 能够根据语境正确地运用所学单词、短语和句型。
01
自主素养储备
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出单词
1. (2025·杭州高一检测)After I entered high school, my love for civil engineering(土
木工程) inspired me to make greater _______(努力).
2. People began to wonder how long the ________(灾难)would last.
3. Usually people from the two countries can understand each other from the ________
(语境)in the conversation.
4. The number of families seeking shelters rose by 17 ________(百分比).
5. Don’t leave the lights on. It wastes __________(电).
6. (2025·长春高一检测)With more warming, sea levels will rise and waves will get
stronger, causing flooding and more ________(破坏) to land.
efforts
disaster
context
percent
electricity
damage
Ⅱ. 根据语境和提示词写出正确的单词
1. He took a deep _______(breathe), and began to climb the stairs.
2. She felt a _______(revive)of hope when she saw the rescue team.
3. (2025·蚌埠高一检测)Listen closely to children; it is from their hearts we
may learn great ________(wise).
4. The number of people employed in agriculture __________(fall) in the last ten
years.
5. He ____________(trap) in the traffic jam and felt helpless.
breath
revival
wisdom
has fallen
was trapped
6. They said they did not want war, but if attacked they would fight to the
______(dead).
7. The ________(dry) has led to widespread loss of life.
8. _______(bury) in his lessons, he knew nothing about the outside world.
death
drought
Buried
词汇微空间 动词去“e”+“al”构成名词
revive 振兴; 复兴→revival 振兴; 复兴
arrive 到达→_______到达; 降临
survive 幸存下来→________幸存
remove 移动; 开除→_________移动; 搬家
approve 批准; 赞成→_________批准; 赞成
arrival
survival
removal
approval
Ⅲ. 根据语境选择短语并用其适当形式填空
in shock, in ruins, dig out, come to an end, instead of, flood in, in an effort,
suffer from
1. After the exam, all the lessons in school also ______________.
2. It was reported that an American couple had ________a lot of gold coins from
their own yard.
3. Why don’t you play football __________just looking on
4. The city lay ________after the earthquake. Now, rows of houses are being
built.
came to an end
dug out
instead of
in ruins
in shock, in ruins, dig out, come to an end, instead of, flood in, in an effort,
suffer from
5. Everyone was ________, thinking the world must be coming to an end.
6. (2025·顺义高一检测)He _____________great injury in his back so he had to
give up his training.
7. During the holiday season, tourists ________to the city.
8. ___________to end unhealthy food habits, Jenny made a detailed plan.
in shock
suffered from
flood in
In an effort
02
知识素养积淀
1. affect vt. 影响; (疾病)侵袭; 深深打动
【观察·悟】
※It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on the earth, including animals and plants.
很明显, 人类活动对地球上所有其他物种, 包括动物和植物, 都产生了负面影响。
※(2024·九省联考)It’s also important to be mindful of how your child’s personality affects playtime.
注意孩子的性格如何影响游戏时间也很重要。
【生成·得】
①be affected ____　 受……的影响
②affect sb. /sth. 影响某人或某物
③effect n. 影响
have an ______on 对……有影响
【内化·用】 语法填空
①Global warming is the most serious issue _________(affect)all of us on this
planet.
②The aid programme will have a great effect ___ girls’ education in Africa.
by
effect
affecting
on
2. ruin n. &vt. 破坏; 毁坏
【观察·悟】
※(教材原句)In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins.
在不到一分钟的时间里, 一座大城市就变成了废墟。
※Everything has gone to ruin.
一切都毁了。
※The rubbish in the streets may dirty the city and ruin our health.
街上的垃圾可能会使城市变脏并毁坏我们的健康。
【生成·得】
①go to _____ 　　　　 毁灭; 破产
②_____________ 成为废墟; 严重受损; 破败不堪
③________________ 毁坏某人的健康
ruin
be/lie in ruins
ruin one’s health
【联想空间】
break 指打碎, 打破, 既可以是打碎事物, 也可以指人的身体垮掉
damage 指可以重新修复的“破坏”, 程度较小
destroy 常指不能或很难修复的“破坏”, 程度较深
ruin 指长期损坏的结果, 严重到不能修复的“破坏”, 多用来表示抽象概念
【内化·用】　用含有ruin的结构填空
①She wasn’t going to let her plans _________(毁灭).
②(2025·吉大附中实验学校高一检测)The economy ____________(严重受损)
after the war.
③The whole supermarket ___________(被毁) in a great fire.
go to ruin
was in ruins
was ruined
3. shock n. 震惊; 令人震惊的事; 休克　vt. (使)震惊　派生: shocking　adj. 令人震惊的
【观察·悟】
※(教材原句)People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. 人们震惊了——接着, 那天下午晚些时候, 另一次强震再次晃动了唐山。
※In addition, different approaches to teaching and learning may come as a shock to many students.
此外, 不同的教学方法可能会给许多学生带来冲击。
※(2025·八省联考)I managed to find the street the theater was on, but when I turned the corner, I stopped in shock.
我成功找到了剧院所在的那条街, 但是当我走到拐角的时候, 我震惊地停下了。
【生成·得】
①come ___ a shock　　 令人震惊
②___ shock 震惊; 休克
③be shocked at/by 对……吃惊
④be shocked that 对……感到震惊
⑤be shocked to do sth. 做某事很吃惊
as
in
【内化·用】 语法填空
①People were shocked ______(see) that the UFO was flying over the city. The
_________ (shock) news ________ (shock) all the people around, which was also
a great shock ___ people all over the country.
②They were shocked ___ how the children had been treated.
同义替换(每空一词)
③The news of Stephen Hawking’s death shocked the whole world greatly.
→The news of Stephen Hawking’s death came ___ __ _____ ______ ___ the
whole world.
to see
shocking
shocked
to
at
as
a
great
shock
to
4. bury vt. 埋葬; 安葬
【观察·悟】
※Buried in the sands was an ancient village.
一个古老的村庄被埋在沙土之中。
※(读后续写之动作描写)She was sitting on the bench in the park, burying herself in the book.
她正坐在公园里的长凳上埋头看书。
【生成·得】
①be _______in 　　 葬于; 被埋在; 专心于
②bury _______in 埋头于; 专心于
【内化·用】 语法填空
①Though _______(bury) in the ruins for about 70 hours after the earthquake, the
man managed to survive.
②_________(bury) himself in the newspaper, he didn’t know it was raining
outside.
buried
oneself
buried
Burying
【知识延伸】
表示“专心于”且与“be buried in”类似的表达还有:
①be lost in= lose oneself in 沉迷于
②be absorbed in = absorb oneself in 全神贯注于
③be devoted to=devote oneself to 致力于; 献身于
5. effort n. 努力; 艰难的尝试; 尽力　派生: effortless adj. 不费力的
【观察 悟】
※(2025·浙江1月高考)Building effective communication skills takes time, but the effects are worth the effort.
建立有效的沟通技巧需要时间, 但效果是值得的。
※As a high school student, you must make an effort/make efforts to develop critical and independent thinking.
作为一名高中生, 你必须努力培养批判性思维和独立思考能力。
※(应用文之环境保护)It is necessary to stop damaging the earth and spare no effort to protect it and make it a lovely place to live in.
很有必要阻止破坏地球的行为, 应不遗余力地保护地球, 把地球变成一个适宜居住的美丽的地方。
【生成·得】
①make _______/an effort/every effort 作出努力
②spare ___ effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
③________effort 毫不费力地
④it takes effort to do sth. 做某事需要努力
【知识延伸】 “努力做某事”的其他表达
①work hard to do sth.
②do/try one’s best to do sth.
③fight/struggle/attempt to do sth.
efforts
no
without
【内化·用】 语法填空
①A good environment depends on the _______(effort) made by everyone.
②No one can achieve anything ________effort.
完成句子
③He _______________________________________(不遗余力地练习说英
语) every day.
④____________________master a foreign language.
要掌握一门外语需要付出极大的努力。
efforts
without
spares no effort to practice speaking English
It takes great effort to
6. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 仿佛世界末日即将来临!
【观察·悟】
※It seems as if it were spring already.
现在仿佛已经是春天了。
※(2025·渭南高一检测)It seems as if these long journeys could only be made possible in recent years by modern transportation.
似乎这些长途旅行只有在近年来通过现代交通工具才能实现。
※He looked at me as if/though I weren’t there.
他看着我, 好像我不在那里一样。
【生成·得】
句中as if引导的是表语从句。as if意为“似乎; 好像”。从句使用了虚拟语气,
表示事情与将来的事实不符。
as if引导表语从句时, 如果从句所描述的情况与现在的事实不符, 则用一般
_____时; 若与过去的事实不符, 则用过去_____时; 若与将来的事实不符, 则
用“_______________”或“would do”结构。
注意: 如果as if从句中的情况很有可能发生, 则使用陈述语气。如: It
seemed as if you didn’t want to tell us the fact. 似乎你不想告诉我们事实。
过去
完成
were going to do
【内化·用】 语法填空
①He described the characters in the novel as if he _________(meet) them face to
face.
完成句子
②Eliza remembers that thing exactly ________________________(好像它发
生在昨天).
③It seemed as if they _______________________(决不会有) the chance of
working again.
had met
as if it happened yesterday
were never going to have
【备选要点】
1. rescue n. &vt. 营救; 救援
【观察·悟】
※What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area
营救人员和士兵正在洪灾地区做什么呢
※When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers came to our rescue. 当我们被困在废墟中时, 士兵们赶来救援。
【生成·得】
①_______worker 　　　　 救援人员
②________one’s rescue 援救某人
③rescue. . . _____. . . 把……从……解救出来
【内化·用】 语法填空
①He was about to give up when they came ___ his rescue.
②The sisters were treated as local heroes after _________(rescue) a two-year-
old boy from drowning.
rescue
come to
from
to
rescuing
2. shelter n. 避难处, 居所; 庇护; vt. 保护; 掩蔽　vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)
【观察·悟】
※Last summer, I was a volunteer at a shelter for the homeless.
去年夏天, 我在一家避难所给无家可归的人当义工。
※He is sheltering from the rain in the store.
他在这间店里躲雨。
※You can’t shelter your brother from blame in the accident.
你不可以庇护你的兄弟, 使其免受事故的责难。
【生成·得】
①___ a shelter 　　　　　 在避难所
②_______the shelter of 在……的庇护下
③shelter ______ 躲避
④shelter sb. ______ 庇护某人免受
【内化·用】 完成句子
①These plants must ________________direct sunlight.
这些植物必须遮起来, 免受阳光直射。
②The big beach umbrella ________________the strong sunlight that day.
那天海滩大伞为我们遮挡了强烈的阳光。
at
under
from
from
be sheltered from
sheltered us from
3. trap vt. 使落入险境; 使陷入圈套　n. 险境; 陷阱
【观察·悟】
※They set a trap to catch the thief.
他们设下圈套来捉拿那个贼。
※They were trapped in the burning hotel.
他们被困在发生火灾的旅馆里。
※By clever questioning they trapped him into telling the truth. 他们用巧妙的提问诱使他说了实话。
【巧学助记】 trap一词多义
【生成·得】
①____a trap 　　　　　　 设下圈套
②be trapped ___ 被困在……中; 陷入
③trap sb. _____doing sth. 诱使某人做某事
set
in
into
【内化·用】 语法填空
①They trapped her into _______(sell) her house at a low price.
完成句子
②The soldiers successfully rescued the survivors ______________________
_____ (被困在矿井里的).
selling
who were trapped in the
mine
4. breathe vi. &vt. 呼吸　派生: breath n. 呼吸
【观察·悟】
※(教材原句)Slowly, the city began to breathe again. 慢慢地, 这座城市再一次开始呼吸起来。
※Notice how your hands move as you breathe in and out. 注意你的双手在吸气和呼气时如何运动。
※By the time I got to the top of the hill, I was quite out of breath.
等我爬到山顶的时候, 我已经是上气不接下气了。
【生成·得】
①breathe ___　　 吸气
②breathe ____ 呼气
③_____________ 上气不接下气
【内化·用】 语法填空
①The higher they went, the more difficult it was __________(breathe).
完成句子
②The weak girl ________________(气喘吁吁) only after five minutes’ walk.
③It’s good ______________(吸入) fresh country air instead of city smoke.
in
out
out of breath
to breathe
was out of breath
to breathe (in)
5. suffer vt. 遭受; 蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦　派生: suffering n. 受难; 苦难
【观察·悟】
※We have both achieved success and suffered failure.
我们俩都取得过成功, 也遭受过失败。
※Mary is suffering from ill health at the moment.
玛丽眼下身体不好。
※Lacking confidence can lead to a lot of sufferings.
缺乏自信心会导致许多痛苦。
【生成·得】
①suffer _______/pain/hardship 遭受失败/痛苦/困苦
②suffer _____ ill health/a headache 生病/头疼
【内化·用】 语法填空
①The old man went through a lot of __________(suffer) in the old days.
完成句子
②(2025·顺义高一检测改编)Some students are ________________________(承
受很大压力) and they often feel depressed.
③His leg was broken and he _________________(遭受了巨大的痛苦).
failure
from
sufferings
suffering from much stress
suffered great pain
6. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water.
老鼠从田地里跑出来寻找地方藏身, 鱼儿从水里跳出来。
【观察·悟】
※He sat at the table reading China Daily in English.
他坐在桌子旁看英文版的《中国日报》。
※Being ill, Lily didn’t go to school as usual today.
因为生病, 莉莉今天没像往常一样去上学。
※Having been badly damaged by the earthquake, the city has to be rebuilt.
遭受到这次地震的严重破坏, 这座城市必须被重建。
※The big fire lasted nearly two days, leaving nothing valuable.
大火持续了将近两天, 没剩下什么值钱的东西。
※Turning right, you will find the place you want.
向右转, 你就会找到你要找的地方了。
【生成·得】
句中looking for places to hide是动词-ing形式短语作状语的用法, 表示伴随
状况。
动词-ing形式(短语)在句中可以作状语, 表示_____、_____、_____、_____、
目的、让步、方式或_____状况等。
原因
时间
条件
结果
伴随
【内化·用】 语法填空
①I almost bury myself in books every day, ______(go) over my lessons and
doing a lot of exercises.
完成句子
②______________________(没有经历过) earthquakes before, I was very
frightened.
③We bicycled to the suburbs(郊区) to plant trees on the morning of March
12th, ___________________(又说又笑) all the way.
going
Not having experienced
talking and laughing
句型转换
④After he had left the factory, he went to a larger city.
→____________________, he went to a larger city.
Having left the factory
03
课堂学业达标
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2025·中山一中高一检测)The growth from childhood to adulthood is
_________(effort) for some, but difficult for others.
2. He quit such a nice job, which made us all ________(shock).
3. His inspiring speech made us decide to spare no effort ________(make)the
world a better place.
4. She often talked of what she had gone ________during the terrible disaster.
5. The soldier was trying to save the girl ________(trap) in the burning house.
effortless
shocked
to make
through
trapped
6. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good __________
(breathe).
7. The earthquake left the city in ______(ruin); it would take a lot of money to
rebuild it.
8. The doctor decided to offer some advice to the athlete _________(suffer)
from a bad back.
9. Tom and his new friend talked as if they _________(be) friends for years.
10. People travel to remote areas and visit faraway places without __________
(destroy) the environment.
to breathe
ruins
suffering
had been
destroying
Ⅱ. 短语填空
think of; as if; look up; as usual; suffer from; come to one’s rescue; set up;
nothing but; in shock; go through
1. Let’s ________ some questions about life.
2. They _______schools, factories and hospitals in this poor area.
3. (2025·长沙高一检测)Returning home from the lesson, I disappeared into
my room ________.
4. It is shocking to see the patient ______________poverty and diseases and we
all want to do something to help him.
think of
set up
as usual
suffering from
think of; as if; look up; as usual; suffer from; come to one’s rescue; set up; nothing but;
in shock; go through
5. The old man who _____________many sufferings in the past is now living a happy
life.
6. The man was buried by the landslide, and the soldiers immediately ___________
______.
7. He suddenly rushed out, leaving all the people in the room ________.
8. I often ________the new words while I read and I can’t understand the sentence.
9. Don’t take it seriously, Alice, it’s ____________a joke.
10. He talks with a stranger _____they were good friends.
went through
came to his
rescue
in shock
look up
nothing but
as if
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. Two thirds of the people there __________________________(已经受到……
的极大影响) air, noise and water pollution.
2. There were thousands of people __________________________(被埋在废墟
下的人).
3. _________________(使我们震惊的是)that just on the wall, an obvious sign
says: please save water.
4. One night Peter ____________________________________(正在专心做功课)
when he felt the floor shaking slightly.
have been greatly affected by
who were buried in the ruins
What shocks us is
was burying himself in doing his lessons
5. We are supposed to _________________(尽一切努力) to keep the balance
between human and nature.
6. The fires burned for three days _________________________________(破坏
了共2. 5万栋建筑).
7. (2025·平罗一中高一检测)I had been _________________________when he
introduced himself.
我太紧张都没有注意听老师的自我介绍。
make every effort
destroying a total of 25, 000 buildings
too nervous to pay attention
Ⅳ. 熟词生义
写出下列黑体词的词性及意思。
1. The woman trapped the old man into buying her goods. ____________
2. We were all affected by the vivacity of this lovely little boy. ______________
v. 引诱; 诱骗
v. (感情上)感染UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
话题美文赏读
主题语境: 人与自然——灾害防范
　　The average high temperature in July is only 22 degrees, so over 30 is not usual for London. Each summer in London definitely seems hotter than the last. I suddenly feel a bit scared. Perhaps now is the time to start planning for the future I should probably put my flat on the market and buy a boat. That way, when the Thames rises and there is a flood in London, I’ll still be able to get to work. Most importantly, I will need to learn to swim! I’ll join a beginner’s swimming class immediately. Then I’ll be able to survive even when the tall buildings are flooded.
　　Looking through my newspaper, I’m shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town. What’s more, heavy rain in Eastern Europe has caused landslides, and the heat across Southern Europe has caused forest fires. Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change. News like this makes me feel nervous. Now that it’s hard to avoid a disaster on Earth, perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space. . .
(改编自外研版必修 第三册 Unit 6)
【话题词汇】
1. flood　　　　 n. 洪水 vt. 淹没
2. survive v. 生存, 存活; 幸存; 艰难度过; 比……活得久
3. shock n. 震惊
v. 使震惊/气愤/厌恶
4. hurricane n. 飓风
5. destroy v. 破坏, 毁坏
6. landslide n. [地质]山崩, 滑坡
7. disaster n. 灾难; 不幸; 彻底的失败
话题听说汇
Ⅰ. 看图配词
drought, tsunami, tornado, landslide, typhoon/hurricane, volcanic eruption
1. tornado　 2. volcanic eruption
3. tsunami 4. typhoon/hurricane
5. landslide 6. drought
Ⅱ. 读音写词
1. affect / fekt/　　　　　 2. calm /kɑ m/
3. damage / d m d / 4. destroy /d str /
5. emergency /i m d nsi/ 6. flood /fl d/
7. rescue / reskju / 8. survive /s va v/
9. shelter / elt (r)/ 10. whistle / w sl/
Ⅲ. 读词辨音
1. disaster 　/z/　　　　　 2. destroy 　/s/　
3. death 　/θ/ 4. breathe 　/ /　
5. damage 　/d / 6. magnitude 　/ɡ/　
7. rescue 　/k/ 8. emergency 　/s/　
9. survived　/d/ 10. affected 　/ d/　
11. shocked　/t/ 12. flooded　/ d/　
【纠音点拨】
词尾“-ed”的发音规律
1. 在清辅音后面, -ed读作/t/。
kissed /k st/; talked /t kt/; washed /w t/
2. 在元音或浊辅音后面, -ed读作/d/。
played /ple d/; robbed /r bd/; rained /re nd/
3. 在以字母t或d结尾的动词后面, -ed读作/ d/。
wanted / w nt d/; added / d d/; planted /plɑ nt d/
Ⅳ. 完成对话
1. A: How can we protect ourselves from the earthquake
B: Stay calm first (首先要保持镇静).
2. A: When there is a fire, what should I do
B: Shout out “Fire”! (大喊“起火了! ”) Call 119!
3. A: Can I use the lift when there is a fire
B: No. Don’t use a lift(不要使用电梯).
4. A: When an earthquake happens, what will you do
B: I think I will hide under the table.
A: Oh, no. It’s a wrong way. You’d better run to (你最好跑到) the open area if possible, or you should keep yourself lower than the table and stay next to it (紧挨着它).
B: Well, thanks a lot. I benefit a lot from today’s talk.
口语预演
1. Read the following news report and fill in the blanks according to the Chinese.
　　Good morning. Today is April 16. France’s world-famous Notre Dame Cathedral was (1)on fire (着火)on April 15. The terrible fire (2)burned for hours(烧了几个小时)until it was totally controlled. The cause of the fire was not immediately known, but the police (3)treated it as(把它看作)an accident. (4)With the efforts of (在……的努力下)hundreds of firefighters, the fire (5)was finally put out(最终被扑灭). It was reported that at least one firefighter (6)was seriously injured(伤得较重). Although its tall, narrow spire(尖塔) (7)was burned down(被烧毁), the main structure and the priceless works of art in it were safe. Soon, French President Macron said the government (8)would rebuild(将重建) the Cathedral.
2. Fill in the table according to the above news report.
A Fire at Notre Dame Cathedral
Time (1)April 15.
Place Notre Dame Cathedral.
Damage At least (2)one firefighter was injured. The spire was (3)burned down.
Rescue (4)Hundreds of firefighters put out the fire. The government would (5)rebuild the Cathedral.

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