资源简介

(共37张PPT)
Unit 4 Body Language
Reading and Thinking
language points
1. interaction 　 　　　　 sb. 与某人的交流
2. 　 　　　　　　　　 　 从……到……不等
3. be appropriate for/to 　　　　　　　　　 - 　
4. make eye contact 　　 　　　　　　　　 -
5. look into one’s eyes 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　 　 -
6. 　　　　　　　　　　 相比之下
7. 　　 　　　　　　　　 赞成，同意
8. be permitted 　　　　　 sth. 被允许做某事
9. demonstrate respect 　　　　　　　　　　 -
10. witness sb. 　　　　　 sth. 看到某人正在做某事
11. interpret... 　　　　　 ... 把……解释为……
with
vary from...to...
适合……
进 行眼神交流
直视某人的眼睛（= look sb. in the eye）
by contrast
approve of
to do
表示尊重
doing
as
核心词块
12. avoid 　　　 　 　 sth. 避免做某事
13. differ 　　　　　 与……不同
14. 　　　　　　 　　　　（与……）相比较
15. kiss sb. 　　　　 　 the cheek 亲吻某人的脸颊
16. favour 　　　　 　 sth. 较喜欢做某事
17. 　　　　　　　　　　 消除；分解；打破
break down barriers 　 　　　　 　　　　　 -
18. feel 　　　　　 感到沮丧，情绪低落
19. 　　　　　　　　　　 推理；推断
20. figure 　　　　　 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
21. fake smiles 　　　　　　　　　-
doing
from
by comparison
on
doing
break down
消除障碍
down
make inferences
out
假笑
vary v. 变化, 改变 — ________ adj. 各种各样的 — ________ n. 变化, 多样性
Ocean colour ______ (vary) from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration (浓度) of phytoplankton (浮游植物).
With the development of economy, there are _____________________ (各种各样的) goods in store, varying ______ daily groceries ___ luxury goods, which greatly enrich people’s life. In addition, the goods vary _____ the season ___ variety and quantity.
various
从...到...不等/变化
varies
variety
a variety of/varieties of
from to
with
随...而变化
in
在...上变化
1.Just like spoken language，body language varies from culture to culture.
不同的文化有着不同的肢体语言，这与口头语言相似。
vary vi.（ 根据情况）变化，改变；（大小、形状等）相异 vt. 变更， （略为）改变
　　　
vary with 随……而变化
vary from...to... 从……到……不等；在……到……之间变化
　　　 vary between...and... 在……和……之间变化
　　　 vary in... 在……方面不同
搭配
语境助记
America is regarded as a melting pot，where there are varieties of ethnic and cultural groups with various customs. Sometimes people’s customs can vary with time.
美国被认为是一个大熔炉，那里有各种各样的民族和文化群体，有着各种各样的风俗习惯。有时人们的习俗会随时间而变化。
（1）Plants' growth can vary _____ the amount of sunlight they receive each day.
（2）A _______（vary） of activities offered at the camp promotes physical and mental well-being.
with
variety
（3）如果你来北京旅游，我将安排各种各样的活动，从爬长城到参观颐和园不等。
→If you travel to Beijing， I will arrange ______________________
_________ activities，_________________________________________ ___________________________．（定语从句）
→If you travel to Beijing， I will arrange ______________________
_________ activities，_________________________________________ _______________________．(v.-ing形式作定语)(应用文写作之邀请信)
a variety of/varieties of/various
which vary from climbing the Great Wall to visiting the Summer Palace
a variety of/varieties of/various
varying from climbing the Great Wall to visiting the Summer Palace
2. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. 使用肢体语言时，最重要的是要符合你所处的文化。
appropriate adj. 合适的；恰当的
　　　 an appropriate time/place 合适的时间/ 地点
搭配：　be appropriate for/to... 适合……
　　　 It is appropriate（for sb.）to do sth.（某人）做某事是合适的。
I didn’t feel that this was an appropriate time to mention the subject.
我觉得这个时候不适合提这个话题。
His casual clothes were not appropriate for such a formal occasion.
他随便的穿着不适合这样正式的场合。
单句语法
(1)The book was written in a style appropriate 　　　　　 the age of the children under 10.
(2)It is 　　　　　　　　（ appropriate） to judge a person from his appearance.
(3)She says dressing 　　　　　　 （appropriate）for interviews helps applicants feel confident.
(4)It is appropriate for us 　　　　　 （enjoy）nature，which brings us enormous benefit.
to/for
inappropriate
appropriately
to enjoy
3. In other countries，by contrast，eye contact is not always approved of.
相比之下，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。
She almost failed the exam，but her sister，by contrast，did very well.
她考试差点不及格，而她的妹妹相比之下考得很好。
词块背诵
in contrast 与此相反（on the contrary）；比较起来
in contrast with 与……形成对比
It was cold yesterday，but in contrast it’s hot today.
昨天天气寒冷，而相比之下今天却很热。
Online social networks，in contrast with the old kind，are open to all and easy to join.
与传统的社交网络相比，在线社交网络对所有人开放，并且很容易加入。
approve v. 赞成, 批准 — _________ n. 赞成 — __________ adj. 赞成的
approval
approving
disapprove v. 不赞成
approve of (sb./sb’s) doing ... 赞成...做...
I approve of you trying to make some money, but please don’t neglect your studies.
We have made adjustments to our plan so that it can meet with your ________ (approve).
He gave his __________ (approve) to our suggestion.
approval 得到批准
approval
批准某事；同意某事
阅读中常见的态度表达还有biased（有偏见的）、supportive（支持的）、disapproving（不赞成的）、favourable（赞同的）、persuasive（有说服力的）、critical（批判的）、sarcastic（讽刺的）、objective（客观的）、neutral（中立的）、indifferent（中立的）等。
单句语法
(1)Her mother doesn’t approve 　　 her going to study in the United States alone.
(2)Alan is someone who always needs the 　　　　　（ approve） of other people.
(3)Her father will never approve of her 　　　　　　（ marry）the old man with lots of money.
(4)She wants to be an actress， but her parents 　　　　　　 （approve）of her.
完成句子
(5)The novelist doesn’t 　　　　 　　 　　　（ 赞成）his book being adapted for a TV series.
(6)I hope my suggestions will 　　　　　　　　　　　　　（ 得到您的同意）.
of
approval
marrying
disapprove
approve of
obtain/win your approval
4. In Japan，someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. 在日本，一个人看到另外一个人使用这一手势，可能会认为这表示金钱。
witness vt. & n.
（1）vt. 当场看到；目击；见证　　　　
The police have appealed for anyone who witnessed the incident to contact them. 警方呼吁凡是目击这一事件的人与他们联系。
The last forty years have witnessed great changes in our country.
过去的 40 年见证了我们国家的重大变化。
（2）n. 目击者，见证人；证人
　　　　be（a）witness to... 看见（某事发生）；为……提供证据
　　　　bear/give witness to sth. 为……作证；证明
I feel quite fortunate to have had the opportunity to become a witness to history.
我感到非常幸运能有机会成为历史的见证者。
Her latest book bears witness to her talent as a writer.
她最新出版的一本书证明了她作为作家的才华。
（3）witness 作“见证”讲时，同 see 等词一样，可以用时间或地点名词作主语， 使用拟人化的手法。
Recent years have witnessed the development of the tourist industry.
近几年旅游业得到了发展。
单句语法
(1)In the next three or four days， eleven 　　　　　（ witness） will be called to the court.
(2)One witness 　　　　　 the accident said the driver appeared to be drunk.
(3)The police found the only witness to the accident and asked her to give witness 　　　　　 the victim.
(4)The university 　　　　　　　　 （witness） quite a few changes over the years.
(5)The year 2021 　　　　　　 （witness） the great achievements that China’s space industry made.
完成句子
(6)这些诗中有许多见证了他在印度和中国度过的岁月。
Many of these poems 　　　 　　　　　　　　　　 　 his years spent in India and China.
witnesses
to
to
has witnessed
witnessed
bear/give witness to 或witness
employ v. 应用, 雇佣 — _________ n. 雇主；_________ n.雇员
employer
employee
Unemployment is the most vital factor in the growing crime rates.
____________ n. 工作, 就业
employment
employ sb. as ... 雇佣...当...
For the past three years, he has been employed as a firefighter.三年来他一直受雇当消防员。
employ sb. to do sth. 雇佣...做...
A number of people have been employed to deal with the backlog of work.
已雇来一些人处理积压的工作。
be employed in (doing) sth. 忙于做...
She was employed in making preparations for the coming exam.
= employ oneself in doing ...
1) be busy with/(in) doing sth.
2) be occupied with/in doing sth.
（1）An interview is a conversation between an _________ and a potential __________， which allows the interviewer to assess if the job applicant is suitable for the position. （employ）
employer
employee
（2）During the holiday season， many people are employed _________ （assist） with customer service in stores.
to assist
（3）Jack employed himself in doing experiments in the lab， so he did not notice his friends had left.
→______________________________________________， Jack did not notice his friends had left.（现在分词短语作状语）
→______________________________________， Jack did not notice his friends had left.（过去分词短语作状语）
Employing himself in doing experiments in the lab
Employed in doing experiments in the lab
5. In France，a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero. 在法国，看到同一个手势的人可能会将其解读为“零”。
identical adj. 相同的
搭配：be identical to 与……相同
Tom must have taken your dictionary by mistake. Your dictionary is identical to his. 汤姆一定是错拿了你的字典。你的字典和他的一样。
词块背诵
（1）be identical to one another 彼此相同
have identical views on this question 在该问题上观点相同
（2）identically adv. 相同地 be dressed identically 穿着完全一样
6. Even the gestures we use for“yes”and“no”differ around the world.
即便是用于表示肯定和否定的身势语，在世界各地也不相同。
differ v. 相异, 不同于 — _________ adj. 不同的 __________ n.不同, 差异
different
difference
differ from ... 与...不同
The story he told police differed from the one he told his mother. 他告诉警察的话和告诉他母亲的不同。
differ in ... 在...方面不同
French and English differ in this respect. 在这方面法语和英语不同。
differ with sb. on/over/about ... 在...上不同意某人.
I have to differ with you on that. 在这一点上我不能同意你的看法。
make a/no difference to ... 对...(没)有影响
The rain didn't make much difference to the game. 这场雨对比赛没多大影响。
= be different from ...
indifferent adj.漠不关心的
= be different in ...
单句语法
(1)The two applicants differ 　　　 　　 each other in their ability to handle stress.
(2)Leaves are found on all kinds of trees，but they differ greatly 　　　 size and shape.
(3)Can you tell the 　　　　 （different）between the words “require” and“ request”
(4)It seems that living green is surprisingly easy and affordable. A small step makes 　　　- 　 big difference.
(5)I have to say I differ 　　　　　　 you 　　　　　 　　　 the problem.
完成句子
(6)The girl is one of many examples of young people who 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　-　
（ 改变世界）.
from
in
difference
a
with
on/about/over
make a difference to the world
7. By comparison，in Bulgaria and southern Albania，the gestures have the opposite meaning.
相比之下，在保加利亚和阿尔巴尼亚南部地区，这两个身势语的含义截然相反。
by comparison 相比之下；比较起来
Yesterday’s weather was very cold. Today’s weather is mild by comparison.
昨天的天气很冷。相比之下，今天的天气还算温和。
词块背诵
　　 by/in comparison（with sb./sth.）（与……）相比，比较起来
　　 make a comparison 作对比
单句语法填空
(1)The second half of the game was dull by comparison 　　　　　 the first.
(2)It is often useful to make a 　　　　　　（ compare） between two things.
(3)The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains
　　　　　 （compare）with other animals.
(4)Compare your answers 　　　　 those at the back of the book to see if they are right.
完成句子
(5)I am not good at expressing myself. 　　　 　　　　（ 相比之下）， I am better at thinking indeed.
(6)I was at a disadvantage 　　　 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　-（与队里较年轻的队员相比）.
with
comparison
compared
with/to
By comparison
compared with/to the younger members of the team 或
by/in comparison with the younger members of the team
favor （doing） sth. 较喜欢（做）某事/某物
Many countries favor a presidential system of government.
很多国家喜欢总统制政府。
Chances often favor those who are well-prepared.
机会往往眷顾有准备的人.
do sb. a favor 帮...忙
Could you do me a favor and pick up Sam from school today
今天你能帮我个忙去学校接萨姆吗？
ask sb. a favour 请某人帮忙
Can I ask you a favor 请你帮个忙行吗？
in favor of ... 赞成...
I'm all in favor of equal pay for equal work. 我完全支持同工同酬。
favor/favour v. 较喜欢, 有利于 n.赞同, 帮助, 恩惠 — __________ adj. 赞成的, 有利的
favorable
=do a favour for sb.
8. Elsewhere，people favour shaking hands，bowing from the waist， or nodding
the head when they meet someone else.
单句语法
(1)My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was 　　　 favour of it.
(2)Could you do me 　　　　　 favour and pick up Sam from school today
(3)May I ask a favour 　　　　　 you to pass me the book
(4)The wind 　　　　　（ favour） us and we won the sailing race.
(5)His decisive action turned the whole situation 　　　　　 our favour.
(6)The young girl left a 　　　　　 （favour）impression on him.
完成句子
(7) 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　（我赞成锻炼），but it’s never a good idea to do it before going to bed.
in
a
of
favoured
in
favourable
I am in favour of exercise
写出句中break down 的含义
(1)Our car broke down and we had to push it off the road.____________
(2)If you work hard like that，you will break down one day. ____________ 　　　　　　　　
(3)Berry hopes her team’s findings might one day help to break down plastics in landfills. 　　　　　　　　-
(4)His plan broke down when it was put into practice because he had not given enough attention to details. 　　　　　　　　-
(5)Attempts must be made to break down the barriers of fear which divide the two communities. 　　　　　　　　-
出故障
垮掉
分解
(谈判）失败
消除
9. A smile can break down barriers. 微笑可以打破隔阂。
break down 消除（人与人之间的隔阂等）；分解；打破；
（机器等） 出故障；失败；垮掉；（情绪）崩溃
She longed to break in on their conversation but didn’t want to appear rude.
A big fire broke out last night and its cause is being looked into.
He broke away from his family and has gone to live in Australia.
They decided to break up the partnership.
As the President's car drew up, the crowd broke into loud applause.
Scientists think they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.
拓展与积累： break in 破门而入；打断谈话
break out（战争、火灾等）爆发
break away from 逃脱；脱离；打破（陈规、陋习）
break up 分散；拆散；驱散；（关系等）破裂
break into 强行进入（某处）；突然开始（笑、唱等）
break through 突破
10. Smiles can be used to hide feelings like anger，fear，or worry.
微笑可以用来隐藏诸如愤怒、恐惧或忧虑等情绪。
anger n. & vt. → angry adj. 生气的→ angrily adv. 生气地；气愤地
（1）n. 愤怒；怒气
　　　 be filled with anger（= be full of anger）充满怒气
（much）to one’s anger 使某人（大为）生气的是
　　　 hold back/contain/control one’s anger 抑制某人的怒火
（2）vt. 使生气；激怒
What angered him most was his son’s rude manners.
最让他生气的是他儿子粗鲁的态度。
搭配： be angry with sb. 生某人的气
　 be angry about/over/at sth. 对某事生气
单句语法
(1)Seeing the boys throwing stones at the dog，I was filled with _____ (angry).
(2)It always 　　　　　（ anger） me to see so much waste.
(3)The local residents were angry 　　　　　　　　　 the lack of parking spaces.
(4)The local people acted 　　　 （angry）to the news that the park would be closed.
完成句子
(5)听到她说的话，他简直抑制不住怒火。
Hearing what she said，he could hardly 　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　.
(6)请别冲着我发脾气，不是我的错。
Please don’t 　　　　　　　　　. It isn’t my fault.
anger
angers
at/about/over
angrily
hold back/contain/control his anger
be angry with me
单句语法
(1)Some students don’t have a 　　　　　（ rely）car，while others have to share vehicles with parents who work six days a week.
(2)You can rely on 　　　　 that he won’t make such an incredible mistake again.
(3)He taught her how to rely 　　　　 her other senses，specifically her hearing，to determine where she was and how to adapt to her new environment.
完成句子
(4)你放心好了，一切会按计划进行。
　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 everything will go on as planned.
reliable
it
on/upon
You may rely on it that
11. Which is a more reliable guide for understanding someone’s feelings，their body language or the words they speak
理解某人的情感时，他们的肢体语言和他们所说的话，哪一个指导更加可靠？
1.Words are important，but the way people stand，hold their arms， and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.
话语十分重要，但是人们站立、双手抱臂和移动双手的姿势，也能为我们提供有关他们情感的信息。
【句式分析】 本句是并列复合句，people stand...hands 是定语从句，修饰先行词the way，此处省略了关系词that 或in which。
way 后接定语从句的用法
way 意为“方式，方法”，后接定语从句时有以下两种情况：
（1） 若关系词在从句中作状语，用 that，in which 或省略。
（1） 若关系词在从句中作状语，用 that，in which 或省略。
重点句式
The way（ that/in which）he did it attracted me.
他做这件事的方式吸引了我。（从句缺少状语）
（2）若关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，用that 或 which（作宾语时可省略）。
I did it in the way（that/which）you told me.
我是按照你告诉我的方式做的。（从句缺少宾语）
归纳拓展
way（方式/ 方法）后接定语还有以下两种形式：
the way to do sth.
the way of doing sth.
Recycling is one way of protecting/to protect the environment；reusing is another. 回收利用是保护环境的一种方法；而重复利用是另一种方法。
做某事的方法/ 方式
单句语法填空
(1)After a while，she apologised for the way 　　 　　　　 she behaved in the beginning.
(2)No matter what you like to do， there is a way 　　　　　（ get） involved in various activities on Earth Day.
(3)The way 　　　　　　　 came up at the meeting was very appealing.
(4)Being optimistic requires that you find a way 　　　　　 analysing negative thoughts and getting rid of them.
翻译句子
(5)他找到了一条通往成功的路。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　-
(6)我们钦佩他面对困难的方式。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　-
that/in which
to get
that/which
of
He found a way that/which led to success.
We admire him for the way（that/ in which）he faces difficulties.
2. And if we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
当我们感到沮丧或孤单时，最美好的事情莫过于看到好友的笑脸。
“否定词 + 比较级”表示最高级含义
（1）基本结构：否定词 + 形容词或副词的比较级（+ than）
（2）常用的否定词：no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly 等
（3）意义：再没有比……更……的了，再……不过了
I have never seen a more energetic man.
我从未见过比他精力更充沛的人。
“否定词+比较级”意为“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no、not、never、nothing、nobody、hardly等；
Nothing is more precious than time. 没有什么比时间更宝贵。
No one is more hard-working than Mary in our class. 我们班没人比玛丽更努力。
“can/could+never/not...enough/too...”意为“再……也不过分”。
You can't be too careful when you are crossing the street.
你在过马路的时候，再小心也不为过。
2. And if we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
当我们感到沮丧或孤单时，最美好的事情莫过于看到好友的笑脸。
“否定词 + 比较级”表示最高级含义
（1）When it comes to solving complex math problems， no student in the class is _____________（suitable） than Lucy， because of her unique way of thinking.［读后续写之人物描写］
more suitable
（2）在学习语言的过程中，再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。
You ____________________________________________ during the process of learning a language.
can never attach too much importance to reading
（3）We do believe that you are the most suitable for this competition.
→We do believe that ____________________________________ for this competition.
there is no one more suitable than you
3. Can you describe a situation where you might smile when you don’t mean it
你能描述一个你可能不是真心微笑的情况吗？
表抽象地点的名词后接where引导的定语从句
当先行词是place，stage，situation，case，point，position，condition， atmosphere 等表示抽象地点或情形的名词时，定语从句常用where 引导。where 在定语从句中作状语，相当于in/at/on...which。
They experienced a serious situation where the injured people were dying from the extreme suffering.
他们经历了一个严重的情况，受伤的人因极度痛苦而奄奄一息。
Today，we’ll discuss a number of cases where English learners fail to speak English fluently. 今天，我们将讨论一些英语学习者不能流利说英语的案例。
The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where/ in which his employees enjoy their work.
这家公司的老板正设法创造一种轻松的气氛，使员工们喜欢他们的工作。
误区警示
先行词表地点，若关系词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，用that 或which 引导定语从句；若关系词在从句中作地点状语，则用where 或“介词 + which”引导定语从句。
单句语法填空
(1)They are now in a better position 　　　　 they can be very successful this year.
(2)I have reached a point in my life 　　　　　I am supposed to make up my mind.
(3)［ 2019·北京卷］A decade of data breaches of personal information has led to a situation 　　　　　 scammers can easily learn your mother’s name，and far more.
(4)［2018·江苏卷］Self-driving is an area 　　　　 　 China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
完成句子
(5)The bookshop 　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　（ 我在那里买了这本书）is not far from here.
where
where
where
where
where I bought this book

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