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新人教版八下英语 Unit 2 Stay Healthy 知识清单
一、核心词汇
基础必背词汇
名词（n.）：
- throat /θr t/ 喉咙 (p.12)
- stomachache / st m ke k/ 胃痛 (p.12)
- headache / hede k/ 头痛 (p.12)
- toothache / tu θe k/ 牙痛 (p.12)
- backache / b ke k/ 背痛 (p.12)
- fever / fi v (r)/ 发烧 (p.13)
- nosebleed / n zbli d/ 鼻出血 (p.13)
- dentist / dent st/ 牙医 (p.13)
- cut /k t/ 割伤 (p.12)
- burn /b n/ 烧伤 (p.16)
- injury / nd ri/ 伤害 (p.14)
- illness / ln s/ 疾病 (p.14)
- virus / va r s/ 病毒 (p.14)
- mask /mɑ sk/ 口罩 (p.14)
- medicine / medsn/ 药 (p.14)
- X-ray / eks re / X光 (p.13)
- aid /e d/ 帮助 (p.16)
- first aid 急救 (p.16)
- extinguisher / k st ɡw (r)/ 灭火器 (p.16)
- flame /fle m/ 火焰 (p.16)
- pain /pe n/ 疼痛 (p.15)
- ache /e k/ 疼痛 (p.13)
- gas /ɡ s/ 气体 (p.13)
- peanut / pi n t/ 花生 (p.19)
动词（v.）：
- avoid / v d/ 避免 (p.13)
- press /pres/ 按压 (p.12)
- hurt /h t/ 伤害 (p.14) [hurt-hurt-hurt]
- burn /b n/ 燃烧 (p.16) [burn-burnt-burnt]
- catch fire 着火 (p.16)
- throw /θr / 扔 (p.16) [throw-threw-thrown]
- roll /r l/ 翻滚 (p.16)
- suffer / s f (r)/ 遭受 (p.13)
- bleed /bli d/ 流血 (p.18) [bleed-bled-bled]
- lie /la / 平躺 (p.18) [lie-lay-lain]
- check /t ek/ 检查 (p.18)
- cross /kr s/ 穿越 (p.15)
- fry /fra / 油炸 (p.16)
- turn on 打开 (p.16)
- stop ... from doing 阻止...做某事 (p.14)
- deal with 处理 (p.21)
形容词（adj.）：
- sore /s (r)/ 疼痛的 (p.12)
- runny / r ni/ 流鼻涕的 (p.13)
- bruised /bru zd/ 瘀伤的 (p.13)
- careless / ke l s/ 粗心的 (p.13)
- painful / pe nfl/ 疼痛的 (p.18)
- harmful / hɑ mfl/ 有害的 (p.18)
- allergic / l d k/ 过敏的 (p.19)
- tight /ta t/ 紧的；憋气的 (p.19)
- clear /kl (r)/ 清晰的 (p.15)
副词（adv.）：
- happily / h p li/ 快乐地 (p.16)
- sadly / s dli/ 伤心地 (p.17)
- luckily / l k li/ 幸运地 (p.17)
- unfortunately / n f t n tli/ 不幸地 (p.17)
- badly / b dli/ 严重地 (p.17)
- nervously / n v sli/ 紧张地 (p.19)
代词（pron.）：
- myself /ma self/ 我自己 (p.5)
- ourselves /a selvz/ 我们自己 (p.11)
- themselves / m selvz/ 他们自己 (p.16)
短语/其他：
- take one's temperature 量体温 (p.14)
- have a sore throat 喉咙痛
- have a stomachache 胃痛
- have a fever 发烧
- lie down 躺下 (p.18)
- eat out 外出就餐 (p.17)
- no way 不可能 (p.16)
- from now on 从现在起 (p.19)
- be about to 即将 (p.16)
- stop short 突然停住 (p.16)
词形转换
1. care (n./v.) → careful (adj.) → careless (adj.) → carefully (adv.)
2. harm (n./v.) → harmful (adj.) → harmless (adj.)
3. pain (n.) → painful (adj.) → painless (adj.)
4. help (v.) → helpful (adj.) → helpless (adj.)
5. colour (n.) → colourful (adj.) → colourless (adj.)
6. describe (v.) → description (n.)
7. advise (v.) → advice (n.)
8. patient (n.病人) → patience (n.耐心) → patient (adj.有耐心的)
9. injure (v.) → injury (n.)
10. ill (adj.) → illness (n.)
易混词/近义词辨析
1. ache vs. pain
- ache：常指持续性的隐痛，常与身体部位组成复合词，如headache, toothache。
- pain：泛指各种疼痛，程度可轻可重，也可指精神痛苦。
- 例句：I have a toothache. (我牙疼。) / She cried out in pain. (她痛得大叫。)
2. hurt vs. injure
- hurt：较普通，可指身体或情感上的伤害。
- injure：较正式，通常指意外事故造成的身体伤害。
- 例句：He hurt her feelings. (他伤了她的感情。) / He was injured in the car accident. (他在车祸中受伤了。)
3. ill vs. sick
- ill：英式英语更常用，作表语。
- sick：美式英语常用，可作表语或定语。
- 例句：She feels ill/sick. (她感觉不舒服。) / He is a sick child. (他是个生病的孩子。)(sick作定语)
4. should vs. could (提建议)
- should：表示“应该”，建议较强，带有责任或正确做法的意味。
- could：表示“可以”，建议较委婉，提供一种可能性。
- 例句：You should see a doctor. (你应该去看医生。) / You could drink some honey water. (你可以喝点蜂蜜水。)
二、核心短语（固定搭配+用法拓展）
基础必背短语
1. stay healthy 保持健康
2. take care of oneself 照顾自己
3. feel well 感觉舒服
4. have a fever 发烧
5. have a stomachache 胃痛
6. have a sore throat 喉咙痛
7. see a dentist 看牙医
8. take medicine 吃药
9. drink enough water 喝足够的水
10. get some rest 休息一下
11. cover the cut 包扎伤口
12. press down on 按压
13. put out the fire 灭火
14. catch fire 着火
15. be allergic to 对...过敏
16. in a panic 惊慌失措
17. look after oneself 照顾自己
18. stay safe 保持安全
19. avoid doing sth. 避免做某事
20. stop ... from doing 阻止...做某事
短语用法拓展（重难点）
1. give advice to sb. on sth. 给某人关于某事的建议
- 教材原句：give advice to people who are not feeling well.
- 拓展：The doctor gave me some advice on how to stay healthy.
2. hurt oneself 伤害自己（反身代词）
- 教材原句：I almost fell and hurt myself.
- 结构：动词 + 反身代词 (myself, yourself, himself...)
3. should/shouldn't + do 应该/不应该做（提建议）
- 教材原句：You should take some medicine. / You shouldn't eat so much.
4. could + do 可以/可能做（委婉建议）
- 教材原句：You could eat some soft food for now.
5. be about to do sth. 正要做某事（突然被打断）
- 教材原句：Allen was about to do so when he stopped short.
6. know how to do sth. 知道如何做某事
- 教材原句：He knew how to take care of his health.
7. take good care of 好好照顾
- 教材原句：If you take good care of yourself, you'll get better soon.
8. suffer from 遭受...之苦
- 教材原句：I'm suffering from a very bad headache.
话题拓展短语（健康与安全类）
- keep fit 保持健康
- build up one's body 增强体质
- have a balanced diet 均衡饮食
- exercise regularly 定期锻炼
- get enough sleep 充足睡眠
- wash hands frequently 勤洗手
- prevent the spread of virus 防止病毒传播
- follow safety rules 遵守安全规则
- call for help 呼救
- perform first aid 进行急救
- recover from illness 从疾病中恢复
三、核心句型（课文核心+功能句型）
重点陈述句
1. How do we take care of ourselves (p.11)
解析：特殊疑问句，谈论如何照顾自己。ourselves为反身代词。
2. I have a runny nose and a fever. (p.14)
解析：描述症状的常用句型：I have a + 病症。
3. You should take some medicine and drink enough water. (p.14)
解析：提建议的句型：You should + 动词原形。
4. If you take good care of yourself, you'll get better soon. (p.14)
解析：if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时。
5. Be more careful next time. If we are not careful, we can easily hurt ourselves. (p.15)
解析：祈使句提建议 + if条件句说明后果。反身代词ourselves作宾语。
6. Thanks to the first aid and safety classes he took at school, he knew that water could make oil fires much worse! (p.16)
解析："Thanks to..."表示原因，"that"引导宾语从句。
功能交际句型
询问及描述病情
- 询问：
- What's wrong / What's the matter / Are you OK
- How are you feeling
- Does your ... hurt
- 描述：
- I don't feel well. / I feel terrible.
- I have a (headache/fever...).
- My (throat/arm...) hurts.
- I hurt myself when I fell off my bike.
给出及寻求建议
- 给出建议：
- You should (see a doctor).
- You shouldn't (eat so much).
- You could (drink some honey water).
- Don't (go to school).
- Remember to (drink enough water).
- 寻求建议：
- What should I do
- Should I (stay inside)
- Can I (go to school tomorrow)
谈论健康与安全
- 询问做法：
- What should we do when we don't feel well
- How should we stay safe
- What do you think he should do
- 给出安全提示：
- Be careful when you're using the knife!
- Accidents can happen when we're careless.
- You should avoid using your phone too often.
- You certainly shouldn't look at it when you cross the road!
四、核心语法
反身代词 (Reflexive Pronouns)
1. 基本概念与形式
- 表示动作返回到执行者本身，或强调执行者。
- 单数：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself
- 复数：ourselves, yourselves, themselves
2. 用法总结
(1). 作宾语：动作的承受者是主语本身。
- 教材原句：I almost fell and hurt myself. (p.14)
- 例句：The girl cleaned the cut on her arm by herself.
(2). 作同位语：强调主语或宾语，起加强语气的作用，常可译为“亲自”、“本人”。
- 教材原句：He put out the fire by rolling on the ground himself.
- 例句：You yourself should know how to stay safe.
(3). 固定搭配：
- enjoy oneself 玩得开心
- teach oneself 自学
- help oneself to... 请自便...
- by oneself 独自地
情态动词提建议：should, shouldn't, could
1. should / shouldn't：表示“应该”或“不应该”，提出较为直接或强烈的建议。
- 肯定：You should see a dentist.
- 否定：You shouldn't eat before swimming.
2. could：表示“可以”，提出较为委婉或提供一种可能性的建议。
- You could try drinking some ginger tea.
3. 用法注意：情态动词后接动词原形。
- You should rest.
- You should to rest.
条件状语从句 (If-Clause)
- 教材原句：If you take good care of yourself, you'll get better soon. (p.14)
- 结构：If + 一般现在时，主句用一般将来时 (will) 或情态动词 (should/can)。
- 功能：表示在某种条件下可能会发生的结果。
- 例句：If you have a fever, you should stay at home.
五、听力&口语专项
听力高频考点
1. 场景：医院看病、学校医务室、电话描述病情、朋友间关心健康、安全讲座、事故报告。
2. 关键词：
- 病症类：headache, fever, cough, sore throat, stomachache, toothache, cut, burn, injury
- 建议类：should, shouldn't, could, need to, have to, drink water, take medicine, see a doctor, rest
- 安全类：careful, fire, safety, accident, hurt, harm, prevent, first aid
3. 题型预判：
- 听对话，匹配人物与病症/建议。
- 听独白（如护士/医生建议），填写信息表格。
- 听事故描述，给图片排序。
- 听安全知识讲解，判断正误。
口语交际模板（3个核心场景）
场景1：询问病情并给出建议
A: You don't look well. What's wrong / Are you OK
B: I have a terrible headache and a fever.
A: I'm sorry to hear that. You should go to the school nurse. You could also drink some water and get some rest.
B: Thanks for your advice.
场景2：描述轻微事故并处理 (仿照3a故事)
A: Oh no! You cut your finger! Are you all right
B: It's just a small cut. It bleeds a little.
A: You should clean it with water first. Let me get a band-aid for you.
B: Thank you for helping me.
场景3：转述医生建议 (仿照第4页对话)
A: What did the doctor say
B: He said I have the flu. I have a high temperature and a sore throat.
A: What did he suggest
B: He told me to take some medicine, drink plenty of water, and stay at home to rest. He also said I should wear a mask outside.
六、话题写作专项
单元核心写作话题
1. A Letter of Advice：给生病的笔友写一封建议信。
2. A Safety Poster / Brochure：制作一份关于健康或安全的海报/宣传册。
3. Narrating an Accident：记叙一次小事故及处理过程。
4. A Dialogue：编写一段病人与医生的对话。
写作模板（以“给笔友的建议信”为例）
开头段 (Greeting & Reason for writing):
Dear [Friend's Name],
I'm sorry to hear that you're not feeling well and have a bad cold. Don't worry too much. Here is some advice that might help you feel better.
主体段 (Advice):
First of all, you should drink enough warm water. It helps your body fight the virus. You could also drink some honey and lemon water for your sore throat. Secondly, it's important to get plenty of rest. Don't go to school until you feel better. Remember to take the medicine the doctor gave you on time. Finally, remember to wear a mask if you need to go out. This can stop the virus from spreading to others.
结尾段 (Wishes & Closing):
I hope my advice is helpful. Take good care of yourself and get well soon! I look forward to hearing from you when you're better.
Best wishes,
[Your Name]
写作加分素材
- 高级词汇替换：
- sick → ill / unwell
- tell → advise / suggest
- important → essential / crucial
- get better → recover / improve
- 高分句型：
1. It is important/essential to + V （做...很重要）
- It is essential to wash your hands frequently.
2. Not only... but also... （不仅...而且...）
- You should not only take medicine, but also get enough sleep.
3. Make sure (that)... （确保...）
- Make sure you cover your mouth when you cough.
4. To prevent... （为了预防...）
- To prevent flu, we should get vaccinated every year.
七、易错点&中考高频考点
词汇易错点
病症名词拼写：注
意复合词中ache前无空格，如：stomachache, toothache (不是 stomach ache, tooth ache)。
2. 不规则动词：
- hurt-hurt-hurt
- burn-burnt-burnt
- bleed-bled-bled
- lie-lay-lain (平躺)
3. 反身代词：
- 单复数变化：yourself → yourselves
- 用法：主语和宾语指同一人时使用。 He taught himself. He taught him.
4. 词义辨析：
- illness (n.) vs. disease (n.)：illness 泛指生病状态；disease 指具体的疾病名称。
- advice (n.) vs. advise (v.)：advice 不可数，一条建议：a piece of advice；advise 是动词。
语法易错点
1. 情态动词后接动词原形：
- You should go to bed early.
- You should to go to bed early.
2. 反身代词与宾格代词混淆：
- I bought myself a book. (为自己买)
- I bought me a book.
3. if 条件句的“主将从现”：
- If you feel sick, you should see a doctor.
- If you will feel sick, you should see a doctor.
4. 动名词作宾语：
- Avoid eating too much junk food.
- Avoid to eat too much junk food.
中考高频考点
1. 语法单项选择：
- 考查 should, shouldn't, could 提建议。
- 考查反身代词的用法（by oneself, hurt oneself）。
- 考查 if 条件状语从句的时态。
2. 完形填空/选词填空：
- 在“健康与安全”话题中，考查 symptom (症状)，advice, prevent, safety, injury 等词的运用。
3. 阅读理解：
- 涉及健康知识短文、事故报道或安全守则，考查细节理解、原因推断和做法判断。
4. 书面表达：
- 以“How to Keep Healthy / Stay Safe”或“Give Advice”为题，要求使用情态动词提建议，并可能涉及反身代词和条件句。
八、单元知识拓展
文化背景
1. 中西就医习惯差异：
- 在一些西方国家，家庭医生 (GP) 制度普遍，非紧急情况先预约家庭医生，而非直接去医院。
- “Mask-wearing”文化：在东亚部分地区，生病时戴口罩是常见的公德行为；而在一些西方国家，过去仅在医疗场合或重病时才普遍佩戴。
2. 常见家庭急救知识：
- 海姆立克急救法 (Heimlich Maneuver)：用于气道异物梗阻。
- RICE原则：处理扭伤 (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation)。
3. 全球健康倡议：
- 世界卫生组织 (WHO) 的全球健康建议。
- 各国公共卫生宣传活动（如中国的“爱国卫生运动”）。
拓展词汇
- 更多病症：cramp (抽筋), rash (皮疹), sprain (扭伤), bruise (瘀伤), insect bite (虫咬), sunburn (晒伤)
- 医疗相关：clinic (诊所), pharmacy (药房), prescription (处方), bandage (绷带), syringe (注射器), thermometer (体温计)
- 安全标识：Caution (小心), Danger (危险), Emergency Exit (紧急出口), No Smoking (禁止吸烟), Slippery Floor (小心地滑)
- 健康习惯：balanced diet (均衡饮食), regular check-up (定期体检), vaccination (接种疫苗), mental health (心理健康)

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