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(共35张PPT)
宾语从句
object clause
王子秦
目录
一. 宾语从句的含义
二. 宾语从句的连接词
三. 宾语从句的语序
四. 宾语从句的否定转移
五. 宾语从句的反意疑问句
六. 宾语从句的简化
七. 宾语从句的时态
八.补充
I know he is the killer.
I know him.
含义：在复合句中做宾语的从句叫作宾语从句。
I know him.
主语
是什么结构？
谓语
宾语
I know （that） he is the killer.
主语
谓语
宾语
宾语从句
一.含义
3.特殊疑问词
what/which/who/whom/
whose/when/where/why/how等。
二.连接词
1.that
2.whether/if；
无意义
是否
引导陈述句
引导一般疑问句
引导特殊疑问句
1.that引导的宾语从句
(1)宾语从句具有陈述意义时，或是宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，用于陈述一件事，宾语从句用that引导
(2)that无意义，不充当成分，在口语或非正式文体中常被省略；
(3)但在正式场合，特别是表示建议要求的从句，一般不省略；
1.The radio says it will rain tomorrow. 收音机报道说明天要下雨。
2.Do you think it will rain 你认为天会下雨吗
3.He said he could come on time. 他说他会准时来的。
演 练
(that)
(that)
(that)
2.if或whether引导的宾语从句
(1)宾语从句具有一般疑问句含义时，或是宾语从句是一般疑问句转化
而来的，引导词用if 或whether。
(2)if 或whether在句子中不充当成分，但有一定的意义，意为“是否”。
(3)if 或whether不可省略。
He asked me.
Sentence 1:
Did the girl need any help
Sentence 2:
S1
S 2
+
He asked me did the girl need any help.
He asked me if/whether the girl need any help.
Could you tell us
Sentence 1:
Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China？
Sentence 2:
S1
S 2
+
Could you tell us if/whether Mr. Brown enjoys livng in China？
一般情况,if和whether可互换,口语中多用if;而以下几种情况,只能用whether.
① 在具有选择意义又有or或or not时，往往用whether
(4).if /whether的区别
I don’t know whether or not they will come.
②在介词后通常用 whether
It depends on whether I have enough time.
③在动词不定式之前只能用 whether.
We really don’t know whether to go or to stay.
④ 用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用whether.
Please let me know if you want to go.
如果你想去，请告诉我。
⑤ 有时为了强调，将宾语从句放在句首时用whether。
翻译
请告诉我你是否想去。
1.Whether the story is true or not, I don’t know yet.
故事是否属实，我还不知道。
2.Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem. 他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。
(条件状语从句)
(宾语从句）
我不知道明天是否会下雨。
如果明天下雨我就不去了。
I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow.
※if 既能引导条件状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下。
I won’t go if it rains tomorrow.
如果
是否
※I think,I wonder等主谓结构，一般后面常跟宾语从句。
1.I don’t care you like the story or not.
我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。
2.I wonder you have told the news to Li Lei.
我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。
3.Let us know you can finish the work before Friday.
请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。
4.His father is worried about he loses his work.
他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。
演 练
whether/if
whether
whether/if
whether
3.特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句
(1)宾语从句具有特殊疑问句含义时，或是宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来，应该用连接代词或连接副词引导;
(2)连接代词（what, which, who, whose）;
(3)连接副词（when, where, how, why）;
(4)这些引导词有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略。
4.复合谓语（be+形容词）引导的宾语从句
I’m sure that he will come.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.
我确定他会来。
很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你。
In one’s own home one can do what one likes.
在自己家里可以随心所欲。(what意思为“……的事情”)
【注意】what引导宾语从句时有两种含义：
Can you tell me what we can do for you
请问我们能为你做点什么？(what意思为“什么”)
一是“什么”；
1.
一是“……的东西/事情等”。
2.
1.Could you tell me gate we have to go to 请问我们得走哪个门
2.Could you tell me he said to you
你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗？
3.He didn’t tell me he would stay here.
他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间。
4.Do you know they are waiting for
5.He asked handwriting was the best.
6.Can you tell me the bus stop is
7.I don’t know the train is late.
演 练
what
which
how long
who/whom
whose
where
why
The teacher says.
Sentence 1:
He is a good boy.
Sentence 2:
S1
S 2
+
The teacher says (that) he is a good boy.
1.陈述句改为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。
2.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句改为宾语从句，语序改为陈述语序。
I wonder.
Sentence 1:
Does he work hard
Sentence 2:
S1
S 2
+
I wonder if/whether he works hard. 我想知道他是否努力工作。
三.语序
1.Did you get home very late He asked me.
→He asked me home very late. 他问我是否到家很晚。
2.When did he leave I don’t know.
→I don’t know when .我不知道他是什么时候离开的。
3.Where does your father work Can you tell us
→Can you tell us where
你能告诉我们你爸在哪里工作吗
演 练
if I got
he left
your father works
※当引导词本身在宾语从句中充当主语时，其语序则保持原来的语序，
即“连接代词+谓语”。如：
1.He asked me what was wrong with me. 他问我我怎么啦？
（what在从句中作主语）
2.Can you tell me what is the matter 你能告诉我出了什么事？
（what在从句中作主语）
3.I don’t know who is the youngest of them. 我不知道他们中谁最小。（who在从句中作主语）
4.宾语从句的否定转移
I think that you are right.（变成否定句）
I don’t think that you are right.
如果主句的主语是第一人称I或we 时，并且谓语动词多为think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等表示心理活动的词时，如果宾语从句是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移到主句的谓语动词上，而将宾语从句变成肯定形式，即否定转移。
1.I believe he will come.（变否定句）
I don’t believe he will come.
我相信他不会来。
2.He knows where I live.（变否定句）
He doesn’t know where I live.
他不知道我住在什么地方。
演 练
②.I don’t expect that she would come, she
我想她不会来了，是吗？
5. 宾语从句变反意疑问句
(1) 如果宾语从句的主句是第一人称I或we时，变反意疑问句时看从句，但要注意否定转移的情况。
①.I don’t think he can finish the work, he
我认为他不能完成这项工作，是吗？
③.I imagine that the students like her, they
我认为学生们喜欢她，不是吗？
can
would
don’t
②.You think she is a good teacher, you
你认为她是个好老师，不是吗？
(2)如果主句不是第一人称时则看主句。
①.1.He doesn’t know where I live, he
他不知道我住在什么地方，是吗？
③.Mary thinks you will come to the meeting, she
玛丽认为你会来参加会议，不是吗？
does
don’t
doesn’t
(3) 如果宾语从句中有含否定意义的形容词或副词，其反义疑问句要用肯定形式。
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, he 我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课，是不是
does
6. 宾语从句的简化。
(1).改为“动词+不定式短语”。
当主句谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise, forget,
plan等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。
We decided that we would help him.
We decided to help him. 我们决定，我们会帮助他。
Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.
Li Ming hopes to be back very soon. 李明希望他会很快回来。
She agreed that she could help me with my maths.
She agreed to help me with my maths. 她同意帮助我学数学。
(2)改为“疑问词+不定式”
当主句谓语动词是ask, know, learn, remember, forget, tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
I don’t know what I should say.
I don’t know what to say. 我不知道要说什么。
She has forgotten how she can open the door.
She has forgotten how to open the door. 他已忘记如何打开那扇门了。
(3)改为“名词或名词短语”。
The boy doesn’t know when and where he was born.
那男孩不知道他在何时何地出生。
I’ll take back what I said.
I’ll take back my words. 我将收回我的话。
Could you tell us how we can get to the museum
Could you tell us the way to the museum 你能告诉我如何去博物馆吗
The boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.
男孩不知道他出生的时间和地方
(4).改为“动名词形式”
动词remember, forget后的宾语从句是现在完成时态时，可把宾语从句改成动名词作宾语，
① I forget I have closed the window.
I forget closing the window. 我忘了我已经关过窗户了。
② I remember that I have told her the truth.
I remember telling her the truth. 我记得我把真相告诉了她。
(5).改为“过去分词或过去分词短语”
The teacher found that the boy was very interested in maths.
老师发现这孩子对数学很感兴趣。
The teacher found the boy very interested in maths.
老师发现这孩子对数学很感兴趣。
Soon they found that the ground was covered with thick snow.
他们很快发现地面被厚雪覆盖了。
Soon they found the ground covered with thick snow.
他们很快发现地面被厚雪覆盖了。
1.如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时（包括一般现在时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时）或祈使句时，从句:
I know he lives here.
I know he lived here ten years ago.
I have heard that he will come tomorrow.
根据实际需要用任何时态
七.宾语从句的时态
2. 如果主句是过去时，那么从句的时态:
I knew who lived here.
I saw she was talking with her mother.
He said that he had seen it .
He told me that he would give up smoking.
用相应的过去时态
3.当主句是一般过去时，从句是客观真理或客观事实时，从句用:
The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.
He had told that the sun rises in the east.
一般现在时
口诀：主现从随意；主过从必过；真理永一现
4.如果宾语从句中有明确表示过去的时间状语，不论主句用什么时态，
从句一律用过去时。
She said she came to work here in 1998. 她说她1998年来这儿工作。
The teacher told us that the war broke out in the winter of 1923.
老师告诉我们战争爆发于1923年冬天。
5.情态动词could/would用于“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句时态不受主句的约束。
Could you tell me where the nearest hospital is
你能告诉我最近的医院在哪儿吗？
Could you let me know when he will arrive here
你能让我知道他什么时候离开这儿吗？
主句的时态 从句的时态
变为宾语从句前 变为宾语从句后
一般过去时 一般现在时 一般过去时
一般过去时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般现在时 时态保持不变
从句时态变化规则
1. I hear that he (be) back in a week.
2.I hear that he (be) back for a week.
3.She said that she (be) back in a week.
4.She said that she (be) back for a week.
5.The teacher said light (travel) much faster than sound.
will be
has been
would be
had been
travels
演 练
1. （25年GX一中月考）
--You have got lots of masks. Could you please tell me_____________________
--Sure. I bought them in a shop in the neighbourhood.
A. where you bought them B. when did you buy them
C. when you bought them D. where did you buy them
2.（25年TYZ月考）
It can often be difficult to know________________________.
A. when will the conversation end B. when the conversation will end
C. when the conversation ended D. when did conversation end
A
B
3. （23年JD月考）
--Do you know_____________________ yesterday
--Yes. He went for the boat race.
A. why did’t Peter go to school B. why doesn’t Peter go to school
C. why Peter did’t go to school D. why Peter doesn’t go to school
4.（24年唐南模拟）
Can you tell me ________________Xi’an
A. are you from B. do you from
C. whether you are from D. that you are from
C
C
1.I don’t know if he come.
2. He will come if it rain.
3.Do you know when he come back tomorrow
4.Sorry, I don’t know. When he back, I you.
宾语从句和状语从句的区别
if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句。
if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”,
它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果”和“当……时候”。
doesn’t
will
will
will tell
comes
演 练
八.补充
状语从句
宾语从句
宾语从句
状语从句

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