资源简介

(共39张PPT)
Unit 1
Time to Relax
第三课时　Section A(Grammar Focus 4a—4c)
人教版 八年级 英语（下）
Warming up and revision
What do you do in your free time
I play the flute to relax.
How did you spend your weekend
I went to the sports centre to ice skate.
What do you do in your free time I play the flute to relax.
How did you spend your weekend I went to the sports centre to ice skate.
How did you get into painting I saw my mother paint. I decided to give it a go.
What did your instructor say She told me not to give up so easily.
4a
Grammar Focus
Read the sentences. Decide if each infinitive in bold functions as an object complement or adverbial.
作目的状语
作目的状语
作宾语补足语
作宾语补足语
动词不定式的用法
一、动词不定式的构成
　动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式，基本形式是“to+动词原形”。其中to是动词不定式符号，在有些情况下可以省略。动词不定式的否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。
Mr Li told me to listen carefully in class.　
李老师要求我上课认真听讲。
Please tell Jim not to come late next time.　
请告诉吉姆下次别迟到了。
二、动词不定式的功能
1、动词不定式作状语
动词不定式可以在句中作状语，表示目的、结果或原因。作目的状语时通常放在句末，用于正式语境或需要强调时，也可以放在句首，用逗号与后面的句子隔开。
He came to Beijing to have a meeting.
他来北京开会。
表目的
He is too young to look after himself.
他年龄太小，不能照顾自己。
表结果
To protect the environment, we should reduce plastic use.　
为了保护环境，我们应该减少塑料的使用。
表原因
2、动词不定式作宾语补足语
宾语补足语是紧跟在宾语之后，对宾语的身份、状态或动作进行补充说明的成分，使宾语的意义更加完整。此时可以是带to的不定式，也可以是不带to的不定式，这主要取决于谓语动词。
①接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)有：tell、ask、order、allow、encourage、advise, want, wish, expect invite, choosewould like等。
She told me to finish homework first.
她让我先完成作业。
Then he asked me to sit down beside a girl.　
然后他让我坐在一个女孩旁边。
②接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有感官动词(see、hear、notice、watch、feel等)和使役动词(make、let、have等)。
I saw Tom play basketball on the playground.
我看见汤姆在操场打篮球。
I saw her get on the bus.
我看见她上了公共汽车。
③动词help后可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，也可以接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
Can you help me (to) open the door
你能帮我打开门吗？
【拓展】
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。
(1)作主语
动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；为了避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语。
To give is better than to take.
奉献比索取好。
It's necessary for us to learn English well.　
对我们来说，学好英语是必要的。
(2)作宾语
动词不定式经常在decide、want、plan、agree、expect、need、hope、wish、would like 等动词
（短语）后作宾语。在动词 think、find等后通常用it作形式宾语。
I decided to join the art club two years ago.两年前我决定加入美术俱乐部。
(3)作表语
动词不定式作表语，一般表示具体的动作或者说明主语的内容、性质、特征等。句子的主语通常是 dream、job、wish等名词。
My dream is to travel to the moon one day.　
我的梦想是有朝一日去月球旅行。
(4)动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语时，须放在被修饰词的后面。
I am the only man to know the answer.
我是唯一一个知道答案的人。
3.动词不定式的否定式
由“not +动词不定式” 构成，如
Try not to make any noise when you eat.
吃饭时尽量不要发出声响。
The book taught me not to give up .
这本书教会了我不要放弃。
4.疑问词+不定式结构
动词不定式可以于疑问词what，which，where，when，how等连用。
I don't know how to use the computer.
我不知道如何使用电脑。
The tour guide will tell you where to go next.
导游会告诉你接下来该去哪里。
Exercise
1．Chen Jie used paper ________ a nice flower for her mother.
A．make B．to make
C．made D．making
B
2．When we leave a room, we should remember to turn off the lights ________ energy.
A．save B．saved
C．to save D．saving
C
3．The boys were ________ tired ________ walk on.
A．so; that B．too; to
C．enough; to D．much; to
B
4．It’s necessary for students ________ the rule: don’t be glued to phones in class.
A．understand B．to understand
C．understanding D．understood
B
5．It took us three and a half hours ________ to the top of Mount Pan.
A．to get B．get
C．got D．getting
A
6．________ healthy, we’ve got used to washing hands before meals and using public chopsticks.
A．Keeping B．Keep
C．To keep D．To keeping
C
1. A: Thanks for your advice! It made me _______ (decide) to try skiing.
B: You’ re welcome. Try ___________(forget) your fears and have fun!
“Thanks for + 名词 /动名词”意为“感谢……”，
for后面接感谢的原因或对象。
用来回答“Thank you.”。
decide
to forget
4b
Complete the conversations with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
2. A: My cousin often asks me _______(fly) kites with
her when it‘s windy.
B: That sounds fun! I’d love to watch you _______(fly)
kites sometime.
3. A: I love to watch kung fu movies __________(relax).
B: Really When I want _________(relax), I watch
animal videos.
to fly
fly
to relax
to relax
4. A: My parents told me ___________(not push) myself too hard.
B: Yes, it’s important ______________(not forget) to relax once in a while.
not to push
“偶尔地；间或”，表示动作发生的频率，相当于from
time to time 或at times，其中while作名词，意为
“一段时间”。
not to forget
My twin brother and I look alike, but we are so different. I love sport, and I often meet my friends __________ football and tennis. My brother joined us to play football once or twice, but he decided ___________ after that. He doesn‘t like sport very much!
chat (not) come do listen play spend stay watch
to play
not to come
4c
Complete the passage with the infinitive forms of the verbs in the box. What do you usually do outdoors
一两次；偶尔
Instead, he likes _________ at home and _______ movies, _______ to music, and ______ with friends online. Our parents were worried about him staying home too much. They also wanted us _________ more time together as a family. So, now they let us ____ our favourite activities on Saturdays, but on Sundays, we go on a family outing together!
to stay
watch
listen
chat
to spend
do
chat (not) come do listen play spend stay watch
be worried about 担心……
Language points
1. 1.try to do 与try doing sth 的区分：
① try to do sth.（努力做；试图做）有明确目标，付出努力去完成，常与 “hard, again, finally” 等表努力的词搭配。
I tried to finish my English homework before dinner, but it was too difficult.
我努力想在晚饭前完成英语作业，但它太难了。
→ 付出努力，目标是完成
She tried hard to remember all the new words, and she succeeded.
她努力记住所有新单词，而且成功了。
→ 强调努力 + 结果
②try doing sth.尝试做；试着做。没有强制目标，只是尝试一种新方式、新事物，看看是否有效 / 合适。）
If you can’t solve the math problem, try asking your teacher for help.
如果你解不出这道数学题，试着向老师求助。
I tried eating sushi for the first time yesterday—it was delicious!
我昨天第一次尝试吃寿司，它太美味了！
→ 尝试新方法
→ 尝试新事物
2. have fun的用法：
玩得开心；过得愉快
① have fun (doing sth.)
做某事很开心；享受做某事的过程
We had great fun playing beach volleyball on the weekend.我们周末打沙滩排球玩得很开心。
②have fun with sb./sth.
和某人玩得开心；玩某物很尽兴
The children are having fun with the new toys.
孩子们开心地玩着玩具。
3. relax的用法：
作动词，过去式：relaxed
①放松，休息，不及物动词，无宾语
I usually relax for 10 minutes after finishing homework.
我通常写完作业后休息 10 分钟。
She relaxes by listening to light music every evening.（她每天晚上听轻音乐放松。）
②及物动词（带宾语）：使（某人 / 某物）放松；缓解
Reading comic books relaxes me when I’m sad.我难过时，看漫画书能让我放松。
Doing yoga can relax your body and mind.
做瑜伽能放松你的身心。
派生词用法
1. 形容词 relaxed（修饰人，表 “感到放松的”）常见结构：be relaxed + (about sth.) /feel relaxed
She is relaxed about the result because she tried her best.
她对结果很坦然，因为她已经尽力了。
2.形容词 relaxing（修饰物 / 事，表 “令人放松的”）结构：a relaxing + 名词（物 / 事）/ 系动词 + relaxing
It’s a relaxing trip to the countryside—we enjoyed the fresh air.
去乡下的旅行很令人放松，我们享受了新鲜空气。
Listening to birds singing is a relaxing activity.
听鸟叫是一项放松的活动。
3.名词 relaxation（表 “放松；休闲”）
结构：need relaxation /have relaxation /a way of relaxation
Reading is a good way of relaxation for students.阅读对学生来说是一种很好的休闲方式。
Homework
Write a short passage about your free time activities. Include details like what you do，why you do it(using infinitives as adverbials)，
and what others ask you to do(using
infinitives as object complements).
Then，read it aloud and check for
grammar mistakes.

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