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专题二: 冠词
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冠词 (article) 位于名词之前，用来帮助说明名词所指的人或事物的一种虚词。它不能离开名词而单独使用，不能独立担任任何句子成分，只能附着在一个名词上，帮助说明其词义。
冠词分为不定冠词（a和an）和定冠词（the）两种。在一些特定情况下，名词前不用冠词称之为零冠词。
冠 词 (article)
03
02
不定冠词 a/an
01
零冠词
定冠词 the
考点一
不定冠词a,an
一、不定冠词
用法 示例
a用在辅音音素前，an用在元音音素前 There is a river near our school.
Remember to take an umbrella with you.
用于叙述第一次提到的人或物的单数可数名词前 This is a table.
泛指人或事物的某一类别，以区别于其他种类 A elephant is much stronger than a man.
表示某类人或事物中的任何一个 He is a teacher of English.
一、不定冠词
用法 示例
表示数量中的“一”，意义上接近one，但数量概念比one弱 I want to buy a dictionary. (强调种类)
I want to buy one dictionary. (强调数量)
用在重量、长度、时间等单位名词前，表示单位数量的“每一”相当于every/per Take the medicine three times a day.
用于某些不可数名词前表示数量“一次；一阵；一份；一类”等 There was a heavy rain in our city last night.
用在序数词前表示“又一、再一”的意思 You can try it a second time if you fail.
一、不定冠词
用法 示例
用在such, quite, rather, half 等词后或what引导的感叹句中 What a beautiful house!
用于人名前，表示说话者不认识的人或与某名人有类似性质的人 There’s a Mrs. Green to see you.
用于物质名词或抽象名词前 a dream
an experience
用于固定短语中 have a look，a lot of，have a good time，
a little，a few，a pair of，half an hour
一、不定冠词
1.I want to be _______ scientist like Qian Xuesen when I grow up.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
2.So, he decided to make ________ unexpected visit to his friend.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
3.It is well-known to all that English is ________ useful language.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
4.—What __________ cold weather!
—Yes. But it’s __________ unusual experience for us;we normally live in a hot place.
A. /; a B. a; an C. /; an
A
B
A
C
不定冠词(a,an)的区别
a/an+可数名词单数形式，均表示“一”，却各有不同。
(1) a+辅音音素开头的单词。
例：a good idea, a heavy rain, a one-year-old baby, a useful book, a European country, a CD
(2) an+元音音素开头的单词。
例：an idea, an umbrella, an old house, an e-mail, an honor, an eleven-year-old girl, an F
一、不定冠词
判断用a还是an，要根据首字母的读音，而不是首字母。
易错警示
1. 以元音字母开头的用a的常考单词；
one, useful, Europe, UFO, university
2. 以辅音字母开头的用an的常考单词。
honest, hour, honor
一、不定冠词
honest boy
uncomfortable bed
European country
expensive car
usual way
an
an
a
an
a
invitation
different way
8-year-old boy
orange
letter
an
a
an
an
a
一、不定冠词
a number of 大量 a few/little/bit(of) 少数，一点儿
quite a few 相当多，不少 a great many 很多
as a result 结果，因此 for a while 一会儿
have a try 试一试 half an hour 半小时
have a rest 休息 have a cold 感冒
have a good time 玩的开心 in a hurry 匆忙
in a mess 混乱 in a word 总之
many a 许多 give sb. a hand 帮助某人
come to an end 结束 once upon a time 从前
in a loud voice 大声地
含有不定冠词(a,an)的固定搭配
考点二
定冠词the
二、定冠词
用法 示例
特指某人或某物或谈话双方都知道的人或物 Open the window, please.
指上文已提及的人或物 I have a car. The car is white.
用在世界上独一无二的事物前以及表示江河湖海、山脉群岛的名词前 the earth, the sky,
the Yellow River , the Himalayas
用在单数可数名词前或形容词、分词前，表示一类人或事物 The rich are not always happier than the poor.
二、定冠词
用法 示例
用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示“一家人”或“夫妻俩” The Greens are watching TV.
用在序数词及形容词或副词的最高级之前；用在对两个人或事物进行比较时的比较级前，起特指作用 It is the second tallest building in the world.
用于乐器名词之前 play the guitar , play the piano
用在普通名词构成的专有名词前 the Great Wall, the Palace Museum
二、定冠词
用法 示例
用在表示具体的地点、方位、时间前 in the north, in the afternoon
用在next, last, same, only 等词前；用在年代前 the next time, in the 1990s
用于“动词＋人＋介词＋the＋人体部位”结构中 Father knocked Bob on the head.
用于“the+比较级，the+比较级” The more you eat, the fatter you will be.
用在某些固定搭配中 by the way, in the end , all the time
the number of ……的数量 in the daytime 在白天
in the end 最后 all the time 一直
at the same time 同时 by the way 顺便说一下
in the open air 在户外 at the age of 在……岁时
at the beginning of 在……开始时 on the way 在路上
on the other hand 另一方面 in the middle of 在……中间
at the moment 现在 all the same 仍然
in the front of 在……(内部)的前面
the day before yesterday 前天
二、定冠词
含有the的
固定短语
易错警示
“the+形容词”表示一类人作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
“the+形容词”表示事物或抽象概念作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
二、定冠词
The rich get richer and richer.
The new is to take place of the old.
(1) what/such/quite+a/an+adj.+n. “多么/这么/相当……的……”。
What a heavy rain it is!
He has never been told such a scary story.
It is quite a long way to walk.
(2) how/so/too+adj. +a/an +n. “多么/如此/太……的……”。
How nice a day it is!
He is so kind a man that he helps us a lot.
It’s too difficult a problem to solve.
(3) all/half/both/double+the+n. “所有/一半/都/两倍数量的……”
Look! All the students are doing sports outside the classroom now.
Both the girls come from Class 1, Grade 2.
二、定冠词
感叹句、倒装句中冠词的用法
1.Beijing, ________ capital of China, is ________ city with a long history.
A．/; the B．a; the C．the; a
2.There is ________ American boy in our class and ________ boy can speak good Chinese.
A. an; the B. an; an C. a; the
3.We usually go to _______ school on weekdays, and sometimes go to _______ cinema at weekends.
A. /; the B. the; the C. the; /
4.You miss ________ “s” in ________ word “discuss”.
A．a; a B．an; a C．an; the D．a; the
二、定冠词
C
A
A
C
5. _______ story of Chang’e is regarded as a touching traditional folk story about the Mid-Autumn Festival.
A．A B．An C．The D．/
6.—What ________ interesting book!
—Yes, ________book is really amazing.
A．a; an B．an; the C．an; a
7.—What’s ________ matter with you, Jerry
—I have a headache.
A．a B． C．the
二、定冠词
C
B
C
二、定冠词
B
B
D
D
8.What ________ good advice you've given me to keep healthy!
A．/ B．a C．an D．the
9.—Does your teacher go to work by ________ car every day
—No.He usually takes ________ bus.
A．/; / B．/; the C．a; the D．the; a
10.—The photo makes me think of ________ trip to Hangzhou last year.
—Yeah，we had ________ great time there.
A.a; / B.an; the C.the; the D.the; a
11.________ enjoyable project it is to build mini robots from recycled materials! A．What a B．What C．How D．What an
考点三
零 冠 词
三、零冠词
用法 示例
物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词前 China is a very large country.
Man needs air and water.
季节、月份、星期、节日、假日等名词前 New term begins in September.
June 1 is Children’s Day.
不可数名词和可数名词表泛指 They are teachers.
Red is her favorite color.
学科（语言），球类，三餐前，电视，棋类运动前 have lunch/breakfast/super/dinner
watch TV, play football
play chess, speak English
民族节日前要加the如：the Spring Festival
三、零冠词
用法 示例
by+交通工具名称 His father went to work by bus on Sunday.
by car; by plane/air; by train; by ship/sea/boat
某些专有名词(如称呼、人名、地名、街道名、城市名、国家名等)，头衔职务前 This is Professor Li, headmaster of No.9 High School.
She replaced Jane as Managing Director.
名词前已有指示代词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格等修饰时 Every student likes history in our class.
Miss Zhang is our English teacher.
用在某些固定搭配中 in trouble; at last; after school; at night;
on time; for example; in surprise
in surprise 惊奇地 on foot 步行 on holiday 在度假
at first 起初 at home 在家 at last 最后
at night 最后 at work 在工作中 by mistake 错误地
for example 例如 side by side 肩并肩 day by day 一天天
by accident 意外地 from beginning to end 自始至终
day and night 日日夜夜 face to face 面对面
hand in hand 手拉手 husband and wife 夫妻
learn by heart 牢记 in fact 事实上
in danger危险中 on earth究竟
三、零冠词
零冠词
固定短语
有定冠词和无定冠词的区别
三、零冠词
in hospital (因病)住院 in the hospital 在医院(不一定是病人)
at table 在吃饭 at the table 在桌子旁边
go to school (学生)去上学 go to the school 去学校(做别的事)
go to bed 睡觉 go to the bed 到床上去
in class 在上课 in the class 在班级里
in front of 在……(外部的)前面 in the front of 在……(内部的)前面
by sea 乘船 by the sea 在海边
有定冠词和无定冠词的区别
三、零冠词
in church 在做礼拜 in the church 在教堂里
on earth 究竟，在世上 on the earth 在地球上
be in charge of 负责…… be in the charge of 由……负责
in office 执政 in the office 在办公室
in place of 代替 in the place of 在……地方
out of question 不成问题 out of the question 毫无可能的
易错警示
外国节日名词前不加冠词，中国含有festival的传统节日前要加the。
the Spring Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival,
Mother's Day, Labor Day
三、零冠词
1.—Shall we play ________ football this afternoon
—Good idea! Do you have ________ football
A．the; a B．a; a C．/; / D．/; a
2.The boys are going to take part in the City Games ________ this coming Sunday.
A．a B．an C．/ D．the
3.________ lady over there is ________ university professor.
A．A, the B．The, an C．The, a D．The, the
4.People did not only pass silk along ________ Silk Road.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
三、零冠词
D
C
C
C
5.—May I speak to Mr. Lin, please
—Sorry, he’s on ________ phone with a client at the moment.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
6.His brother is ________ boy. He is very handsome.
A．a 18 years old B．an 18-year-old
C．an 18-years-old D．an 18 year old
7.Paris, a romantic city, is chosen to be ________ host of the 2024 Olympic Games．
A．a B．an C．/ D．the
三、零冠词
D
C
B
8.Stop throwing plastic into the ocean, or it will make ________ world for human beings.
A．a worse B．the worst C．a better D．the best
9.Fangfang enjoys playing ________ piano and listening to ________ music as well.
A．/; the B．/; / C．the; / D．the; the
10. Every morning he spends ________ hour doing exercise, then he goes to ________ work.
A. an; / B. a; a C. a; / D. an; a
三、零冠词
A
C
A
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