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新人教版八下 Unit 3 Growing Up 知识清单
一、核心词汇
基础必背词汇 名词（n.）：
- emotion / m n/ 情感；情绪 (p.21)
- upset / pset/ 心烦意乱（状态）；adj. 难过的 (p.22)
- loneliness / l nlin s/ 孤独（感） (p.22) [注：教材为形容词 lonely]
- shock / k/ 震惊；令人震惊的事 (p.22, p.18)
- control /k n tr l/ 控制 (n.&v.) (p.22) - anger / ɡ (r)/ 怒火 (p.22)
- advise / d va z/ 建议；劝告 (v.) (p.22) → advice (n.)
- hurtful / h tfl/ 伤感情的（adj.）；言行 (p.22)
- fault /f lt/ 过错；责任 (p.23)
- present / preznt/ 礼物 (p.23)
- standard / st nd d/ 标准；水平 (p.24) - award / w d/ 奖；奖品 (p.24)
- pressure / pre (r)/ 压力 (p.24)
- purpose / p p s/ 目的；意图 (p.25) - decision /d s n/ 决定 (p.26) - referee / ref ri / 裁判 (p.26)
- score /sk (r)/ 得分；比分 (p.26) - coach /k t / 教练 (p.26)
- solution /s lu n/ 解决办法；解决 (p.27)
- bully / b li/ 恶霸（n.）；霸凌（v.） (p.28)
- physics / f z ks/ 物理；物理学 (p.28)
- shock / k/ 震惊（n.） (p.18)
- aid /e d/ 帮助；援助 (p.16) → first aid 急救
- safety / se fti/ 安全；安全处所 (p.16)
- harm /hɑ m/ 伤害；损害 (n.&v.) (p.17)
- pain /pe n/ 疼痛 (n.) → painful (adj.) (p.18)
- fear /f (r)/ 害怕；担忧 (n.&v.) (p.3, p.22 相关)
动词（v.）：
- deal /di l/ with 处理；对付 (p.21) - control /k n tr l/ 控制 (p.22)
- advise / d va z/ 建议 (p.22)
- forgive /f ɡ v/ (forgave, forgiven) 原谅；宽恕 (p.23) - compare /k m pe (r)/ 比较 (p.24)
- reduce /r dju s/ by half 减少一半 (p.25)
- apologize / p l d a z/ (=apologise) 道歉 (p.25)
- dare /de (r)/ 敢于 (v. & modal v.) (p.26)
- let down 使失望 (p.26)
- take back 撤回；收回 (p.26) - repeat /r pi t/ 重复 (p.26)
- pull together 齐心协力；通力合作 (p.26) - behave /b he v/ 表现；举止得体 (p.28)
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- remain /r me n/ 继续存在；保持不变 (p.29) - pass away 去世（委婉说法） (p.29)
- shut / t/ (shut, shut) 关闭；合上；住嘴 (p.25) → shut away 把…关起来 形容词（adj.）：
- upset / p set/ 难过的；沮丧的 (p.22)
- lonely / l nli/ 孤独的；寂寞的 (p.22)
- shocked / kt/ 震惊的 (p.22)
- hurtful / h tfl/ 伤感情的 (p.22)
- proud /pra d/ 骄傲的；自豪的 → proud of (p.26) - calm /kɑ m/ 平静的 (p.28)
- joyful / d fl/ 高兴的；令人愉快的 (p.28)
- thankful / θ kfl/ 感谢的；感激的 (p.28)
- negative / neɡ t v/ 否定的；消极的 (p.28)
- afraid / fre d/ 害怕的 (p.22)
- excited / k sa t d/ 兴奋的 (p.22) - shy / a / 害羞的 (p.22)
- angry / ɡri/ 生气的 (p.22)
- worried / w rid/ 担心的 (p.22)
- stressed /strest/ 有压力的 (p.24, p.6)
- painful / pe nfl/ （身体部位）疼痛的；令人痛苦的 (p.18) - harmful / hɑ mfl/ 有害的 (p.18)
副词（adv.）：
- alone / l n/ 独自；单独 (p.22) - clearly / kl li/ 清楚地 (p.24)
- nervously / n v sli/ 紧张不安地 (p.19)
- differently / d fr ntli/ 不同地 (p.28)
- badly / b dli/ (worse, worst) 严重地 (p.17)
- lastly / lɑ stli/ 最后 (p.25)
短语/固定搭配：
- clear the air 尽释前嫌 (p.23)
- in future 今后；从今以后 (p.23)
- get across 解释清楚；传达 (p.24) - on purpose 故意；有意地 (p.25)
- put oneself in sb's shoes 设身处地；处于某人的境地 (p.25) - feel blue 感到忧郁的 (p.26)
- on top of the world 欢天喜地 (p.26) - all smiles 笑容满面 (p.26)
- in low spirits 情绪低落；精神不振 (p.26)
- look on the bright side 从好的方面想；抱乐观态度 (p.26)
- a bit 有点儿；稍微 (p.26)
- from time to time 不时；偶尔 (p.28) - take a deep breath 深呼吸 (p.28)
- not only … but also … 不但……而且…… (p.29)
词形转换
1. advise (v.建议) → advice (n.建议) [不可数] 2. forgive (v.原谅) → forgiveness (n.原谅)
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3. decide (v.决定) → decision (n.决定) 4. angry (adj.生气的) → anger (n.怒火)
5. lonely (adj.孤独的) → loneliness (n.孤独) 6. proud (adj.自豪的) → pride (n.自豪) 7. behave (v.表现) → behavior (n.行为)
8. shock (v./n.震惊) → shocked (adj.感到震惊的) → shocking (adj.令人震惊的) 9. stress (n./v.压力) → stressed (adj.有压力的) 10. harm (n./v.伤害) → harmful (adj.有害的)
11. pain (n.疼痛) → painful (adj.疼痛的) 易混词/近义词辨析
1. lonely / alone
- lonely：情感上感到孤独（主观感受）adj. - alone：独自一人（客观状态）adv.
- 例句：He lives alone, but he never feels lonely. (他独自居住，但从不感到孤独。) 2. say sorry / apologize / forgive
- say sorry：口语化表达“道歉” - apologize：正式动词“道歉”
- forgive：动词“原谅”，对象是人
- 例句：You should apologize to her and say sorry. I hope she can forgive you. 3. hurtful / harmful
- hurtful：指言语、行为伤害感情的（emotionally damaging）
- harmful：指对身体、健康、环境等造成伤害的（physically damaging）
- 例句：His words were hurtful. Smoking is harmful to health.
4. argue / fight (with a friend)
- argue：争论，争吵（可能只是言语）
- fight：打架，更严重的冲突（可能肢体）
- 教材例句：fighting with a friend (p.22)
二、核心短语
基础必背短语
1. deal with emotions 处理情绪 (p.21)
2. argue with a friend 和朋友争吵 (p.22)
3. clear the air 尽释前嫌 (p.23)
4. let someone down 让某人失望 (p.26)
5. be hard on someone 对某人苛刻 (p.26)
6. look on the bright side 往好处想 (p.26)
7. pull together 齐心协力 (p.26)
8. from time to time 有时；偶尔 (p.28) 9. take a deep breath 深呼吸 (p.28) 10. pass away 去世（委婉） (p.29)
11. shut oneself away 把自己关起来；封闭自己 (p.25) 12. get across 传达清楚 (p.24) 13. feel blue 感到忧郁 (p.26)
14. on top of the world 欢天喜地 (p.26)
15. put yourself in my shoes 换位思考 (p.25)
短语用法拓展
1. apologize to sb. for (doing) sth. 为（做）某事向某人道歉
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- 教材原句：If you did or said something wrong, you should say sorry. (p.25)
- 拓展：You should apologize to your friend for breaking his guitar.
2. advise sb. (not) to do sth. 建议某人（不要）做某事
- 教材原句：Ella advised Peter to call Harry. (p.22) - 否定：She advised him not to give up.
3. forgive sb. for (doing) sth. 原谅某人（做了）某事
- 教材原句：I forgive you. (p.23)
- 拓展：Can you forgive me for being late 4. compare A with/to B 将 A 与 B 比较
- 教材原句：They often compare me with my cousin, Kate. (p.24) 5. It’s one’s fault. 是某人的错。
- 教材原句：It was my fault. (p.23) 话题拓展短语（情绪管理类）
- manage one’s emotions 管理情绪 - stay positive 保持积极
- reduce stress 减压
- share problems 分享问题 - calm down 平静下来
- build confidence 建立自信 - express feelings 表达感受 - solve a problem 解决问题
- feel better 感觉好起来 - keep a diary 写日记
三、核心句型
重点陈述句（课文原句，带语法解析）
1. Although you argued, you are still very close friends. (p.25)
解析：Although 引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然……但是……”，不与 but 连用。
2. You won’t know how he feels until you talk to him. (p.25)
解析：not...until... 结构，表示“直到……才……”。until 引导时间状语从句。
3. You can write to your parents so that they’ll know how you feel. (p.25)
解析：so that 引导目的状语从句，表示“以便……”，从句中常含 can/will 等情态动词。
4. If you did or said something wrong, you should say sorry. (p.25)
解析：If 引导条件状语从句，主句用 should 提出建议。
5. Peter accepted Ella’s suggestion and called Harry so that he could say sorry. (p.23)
解析：so that 引导目的状语从句，could 表示“能够”。
6. I know my parents love me, but sometimes I think they love Kate more. (p.24)
解析：宾语从句 (I think + 从句)，表示观点或想法。
7. I didn’t dare to look at Tom as he spoke. (p.26)
解析：dare 作为实义动词，后接 to do；as 引导时间状语从句。
功能交际句型 表达情绪与问题
- 描述感受：
- I feel really upset/lonely/shocked about... (p.22)
- It makes me feel angry/worried/stressed. (p.22, p.24)
- 说明问题：
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- My problem is that... (p.24 Judy 的案例)
- I’m having trouble with... (与朋友争吵、学业压力等)
给予建议与安慰（本单元核心交际）
- 提出建议：
- If you did something wrong, maybe you should say sorry first. (p.22)
- Why don’t you talk to them (p.24)
- How about writing them a letter (p.24) [about 后接 V-ing]
- You could try talking to someone you trust. (p.22)
- 安慰他人：
- Don’t worry about it. (p.23)
- Don’t be too hard on yourself. (p.26)
- Try to look on the bright side. (p.26)
- You can’t win them all. (p.26)
- 鼓励尝试：
- Just give it a go! (与 Unit 1 衔接)
- The first step is always the hardest.
道歉与和解
- 道歉：
- I’m sorry. / I feel bad about it. (p.23)
- It was my fault. (p.23)
- I didn’t mean to do it. (p.23) - 回应道歉：
- I forgive you. (p.23)
- Don’t worry about it. (p.23)
- Let’s clear the air. (p.23)
四、核心语法
状语从句 (Adverbial Clauses): although, until, so that
1. although 引导让步状语从句
- 意思：虽然，尽管
- 位置：可置于句首或句中
- 注意：不与 but 连用，但可与 yet, still 连用。 - 例句：
- Although you argued, you are still very close friends. (p.25)
- He went to school although he felt sick.
2. until 引导时间状语从句
- 意思：直到……为止
- 常用结构：not...until... （直到……才……） - 例句：
- You won’t know how he feels until you talk to him. (p.25)
- I waited until he came back.
3. so that 引导目的状语从句
- 意思：以便，为了
- 从句中常使用 can, could, will, would 等情态动词。 - 例句：
- You can write to your parents so that they’ll know how you feel. (p.25)
- She studies hard so that she can pass the exam.
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复习：条件状语从句 (if) - 引导词：if
- 意思：如果
- 主句常用将来时或情态动词，从句用一般现在时表将来（主将从现）。
- 例句：If you do something wrong, you should say sorry. (p.25)
复习：宾语从句
- 结构：主句 + that / if / whether + 陈述句语序 - 例句：
- I think (that) you should talk to him.
- I know (that) my parents love me. (p.24)
五、听力 & 口语专项
听力高频考点
1. 场景：
- 朋友间因误会争吵后的对话
- 倾诉烦恼并寻求建议
- 道歉与和解的对话
- 谈论情绪管理与压力 2. 关键词：
- 情绪词：upset, angry, lonely, shocked, worried, stressed, proud
- 动作词：argue, forgive, apologize, advise, compare, shout
- 建议词：should, could, why not, how about, try to
- 连接词：although, until, so that, if
3. 题型预判：
- 听对话，选择说话人的情绪（如 1b，圈出 Peter 的感受） - 听对话，排序事件发生顺序（如 1c）
- 听对话，判断句子正误（T/F） - 听对话，补全摘要或句子
口语交际模板
场景 1：倾诉问题并寻求建议 (仿照 3a Judy 和 Lily 的对话) A: You look upset. What’s wrong
B: Well, I had a fight with my best friend. I said some hurtful things.
A: I’m sorry to hear that. Although you argued, I’m sure you’re still close friends. Why don’t you call him
and say sorry
B: I guess I could. But I’m afraid he won’t forgive me.
A: You won’t know until you try. Maybe write him a message so that you can express your feelings clearly.
场景 2：道歉与接受道歉 (仿照 P23 Peter 和 Harry 的对话)
A: Hi, can we talk I feel really bad about our fight. I’m sorry.
B: It’s OK. I was angry too. It was my fault as well.
A: I didn’t mean to shout at you. I was just stressed about the test.
B: I forgive you. Let’s clear the air. Don’t worry about it anymore.
场景 3：安慰与鼓励 (仿照 P26 Tom 和 Matt 的对话)
A: I can’t believe I made that mistake in the game. I let the whole team down.
B: Don’t be too hard on yourself. Although we lost, everyone played well.
A: But we could have won until I made that error.
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B: Try to look on the bright side. We pulled together as a team. You can’t win them all. We’ll do better next time.
六、话题写作专项
单元核心写作话题
1. 写一封建议信，帮助朋友处理情绪问题 2. 记叙一次与朋友从争吵到和解的经历
3. 写一封感谢信，感谢帮助过你的人（如教材 p.29 Kelly 的信）
4. 谈谈如何保持积极心态（How to Stay Positive）
满分三段式模板（以“A Letter of Advice”为例）
开头段 (Introduction)： 表明身份+点明问题
> Dear [Friend’s Name],
> I’m sorry to hear that you’re feeling upset about [arguing with your parents/feeling lonely]. I understand
how you feel, and I want to offer you some advice.
主体段 (Body)： 分析问题+具体建议（使用本单元语法和词汇）
> Although it’s normal to feel angry sometimes, it’s important to manage your emotions. First, I suggest you
talk to your parents so that they can understand your feelings. If you find it hard to speak face to face, try
writing a letter. Until you express yourself, they might not know what you’re thinking. Second, try to look
on the bright side. Everyone faces problems, but they can make us stronger. Lastly, remember to take a deep
breath when you feel stressed.
结尾段 (Conclusion)： 鼓励+祝福
> I hope my advice can help you. Don’t be too hard on yourself. Remember, I’m always here for you. I
believe things will get better soon.
> Yours sincerely,
> [Your Name]
写作加分素材
高级词汇替换
- sad → upset / feel blue
- say sorry → apologize / make an apology - help → advise / suggest / encourage
- fix → solve / deal with / manage
- important → meaningful / valuable / essential 高分句型
1. Although it is difficult, I believe you can handle it.
2. You won’t feel better until you share your problem with someone.
3. Try talking to a teacher so that you can get some professional advice.
4. It is communication that helps to clear the air. (强调句)
5. Not only does exercise reduce stress, but it also makes you healthier.
七、易错点 & 中考高频考点 词汇易错点 1. 词性混淆：
- advise (v.) vs. advice (n.) [不可数]
- apologize (v.) vs. apology (n.)
2. 拼写易错：
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- until (不是 untill)
- although (不是 althought)
- purpose (注意发音/ p p s/) 3. 短语动词：
- let down (使失望) → let sb down
- be hard on (对……苛刻) → be hard on sb
- take back (收回说过的话)
语法易错点
1. although 与 but 不能连用
- Although it was raining, we played outside.
- Although it was raining, but we played outside.
2. until 在主句中的否定
- I won’t leave until you come back.
- I will leave until you come back. ( 逻辑错误)
3. so that 与 so...that... 的区别
- so that：目的，“以便”（从句常含情态动词）
- so...that...：结果，“如此……以至于……”
- 例句：
- He got up early so that he could catch the bus. (目的)
- He got up so early that he caught the bus. (结果)
中考高频考点
1. 语法单项选择：
- 考查 although/until/so that 引导的状语从句连接词选择。 - 考查 if 引导的条件状语从句（主将从现）。
- 考查 advise sb to do 和 apologize to sb for sth 的固定搭配。 2. 完形填空：
- 在“人际交往与情绪管理”话题中，考查情绪词汇（upset, lonely, angry）和解决方式（talk, apologize, forgive）的语境运用。
3. 阅读理解：
- 涉及“青少年心理与友谊”的记叙文或说明文，要求理解人物情绪变化、冲突原因及解决过程。 4. 书面表达：
- 以“How to Deal with Negative Emotions”或“An Unforgettable Experience with a Friend”为题，要求 使用本单元情绪词汇、状语从句（although/until/so that）和提建议的句型。
八、单元知识拓展
文化背景（情绪管理与青少年成长）
1. 情绪认知与管理（Emotional Intelligence）：
- 识别自身与他人情绪是情商（EQ）的重要组成部分。本单元通过识别 upset, angry, lonely 等情绪， 培养情绪觉察力。
2. 冲突解决（Conflict Resolution）：
- 健康的友谊包含冲突与和解。道歉（apologize）、原谅（forgive）、沟通（talk it out）是解决冲突 的关键步骤，中西方文化皆重视。
3. 积极心理学（Positive Psychology）：
- “look on the bright side”（乐观看待）和“stay positive”（保持积极）体现了积极心理学的理念，强 调关注优势而非仅仅解决问题。
拓展词汇（情绪与心理相关）
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- 情绪强度：furious (暴怒的), delighted (欣喜的), terrified ( terrified ), miserable (痛苦的)
- 心理状态：anxious (焦虑的), confident (自信的), grateful (感激的), frustrated (沮丧的)
- 应对方式：meditate (冥想), reflect (反思), communicate (沟通), compromise (妥协)
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