2026年中考英语总复习语法专题一 名词课件(共31张PPT)

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2026年中考英语总复习语法专题一 名词课件(共31张PPT)

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(共31张PPT)
专题一: 名词







考点一
名词的分类
名词的分类
专有名词:表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。
专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写,如:Beijing, Lu Xun, China
专有名词前一般不加冠词,但如果是由普通名词构成的专有名词短语,则必须使用定冠词 the,如:the Great Wall, the Summer Palace
姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如:the Greens
普通名词:表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。
普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。
考点专练
1.—What animals did you see on the farm, Tom
—I saw some ________.
A.rabbit B.ducks C.sheeps
2.—I wonder if you've made a decision on the project, Eric.
—Not yet. I can't make it until I have first-hand ________ on prices.
A. news B. knowledge C. information D. education
3.There are no secrets to success. It is the ________ of preparation, hard work, and learning from failure.
A.result B.example C.service D.advice
B
C
A
考点专练
4.Tony turns off the shower to save _______ while he is washing his hair.
A.time B.paper C.water
5.—Look! Mike does so well in his speech.
—Yes, he has a(n) ________ for public speaking.
A.eye B.gift C.answer D.attention
6.My parents took me to the amusement park on ________ Day. There were so many exciting things to do there.
A.Children’s B.Children C.Child’s
C
B
A
考点二
名词的数
一、可数名词
可数名词[C]是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。分单、复数两种形式,复数可用many, some, any等修饰。
(1)个体名词: 表示单个的人或事物。
如:letter, page, finger, truck, wallet, teacher
(2)集体名词: 表示若干个人或事物。
如: class, team, family, government, public, group, army, people, police
一、可数名词
类别 构成方法 例词
一般情况 加-s map→maps  bag→bags book→books
以s, x, sh, ch等结尾的词 加-es bus→buses  watch→watches
wish→wishes  box→boxes
(特例:stomach→stomachs)
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词 去y, 再加-ies baby→babies city→cities
以“元音字母+y”结尾的词 加-s monkey→monkeys
holiday→holidays
可数名词的复数形式
规则变化
一、可数名词
类别 构成方法 例词
以“辅音字母+o”结尾的词 表示无生命的词,加-s photo→photos piano→pianos
表示有生命的词, 加-es Negro→Negroes hero→heroes
potato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes
【巧学妙记】黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。
以“元音字母+o”结尾的词 加-s zoo→zoos  radio→radios
kangaroo→kangaroos video→videos
以f或fe 结尾的词 大多数变f或fe为ve,再加-s shelf→shelves thief→thieves
knife→knives leaf→leaves
wolf→wolves
可数名词的复数形式
规则变化
一、可数名词
类别 构成方法 例词
复合 名词 将主体名词变为复数 girl friend→girl friends
boy student→boy students
looker-on(旁观者)→lookers-on
man和woman作定语修饰另一个 名词时,两部分都变为复数 man doctor→men doctors
woman teacher→women teachers
sport修饰名词时,无论主体词是单 数还是复数,sport通常用复数形式 a sports club
sports shoes
可数名词的复数形式
不规则变化
一、可数名词
类别 构成方法 例词
特殊 名词 改变单数名词中的元音字母 foot→feet  tooth→teeth
man→men woman→women
mouse→mice
(特例:boot的复数形式为boots)
词尾加-en或-ren ox→oxen(公牛) child→children
单复数形式相同 sheep→sheep  deer→deer
spacecraft→spacecraft
只有复数形式 trousers glasses(眼镜) clothes
pants jeans scissors
可数名词的复数形式
不规则变化
一、可数名词
类别 构成方法 例词
特殊 名词 表示“某国人”的名词的单、复数形式 单复数同形 Chinese→Chinese Japanese→Japanese
变词尾的man 为men Englishman→Englishmen
Frenchman→Frenchmen
词尾加-s German→Germans Roman→Romans
American→Americans Canadian→Canadians
【巧学妙记】中日不变,英法变,其他后面加-s 可数名词的复数形式
不规则变化
一、可数名词
(1)集体名词以单数形式出现,但实为复数,如people(人们),
police(警察)。如果要表达单数形式则要用其他名词。
一名警察 a police( ) a policeman/policewoman( )
一个人 a people( ) a person( )
(2)集体名词以单数形式出现,但实为复数,如family, class, team等。它们作主语,强调整体时谓语动词用单数形式,强调整体中的各个成员时谓语动词则用复数形式。
▲以s结尾但仍为单数的名词,如maths, politics, physics等学科名词(不可数名词),news(不可数名词)和the United States等。以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸名、杂志名等也视为单数。
集体名词
的数
二、不可数名词
不可数名词[U]是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,没有复数形式。
表示不定数量时,一般用some, much, a little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等表示。
表示确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”结构。如: a piece of paper, a cup of tea等。数词大于1时,后面的量词要用复数形式。
(1)物质名词: 表示构成万物的物质或材料。如: water, glass, bread,fire等
(2)抽象名词: 表示性质、动作、状态、情感等。如: fear, anger, patience, happiness, success, information等
▲a lot of, lots of, some, plenty of等既能修饰可数名词复数,又能修饰不可数名词。
二、不可数名词
特例:有些名词既是可数名词,又是不可数名词,但意义有所不同。
可数名词意义 不可数名词意义
chicken 鸡 鸡肉
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃
work 作品 工作
room 房间 空间
time 次数 时间
experience 经历 经验
二、不可数名词
可数名词意义 不可数名词意义
fruit 各种水果 水果
food 各种食物 食物
orange 橙子 橙汁
paper 试卷;论文 纸
exercise 练习题 锻炼
light 电灯 光
force 军队 武力
修饰量词
只能修饰可数名词 只能修饰可数名词 可数/不可数名词均可修饰
a large/ huge/ great number of the number of dozens of scores of hundreds of (a) few several many (a) a great deal of a large amount of the amount of huge amounts of a large sum of (a) little a bit much plenty of
a lot of
lots of
a large quantity of
quantities of
the quantity of
考点专练
1.We are thirsty for knowledge because it gives us (wing) to fly.
2.In some places in Japan, ______________(fisherman)still hunt dolphins.
3.Here is one of the most popular ____________ (story) about how Liu Bowen helped the Ming Dynasty.
4.It’s said that the two ____________ (woman) doctors have just come back from Shanghai.
5.People are the creators of history and they are the real ____________ (hero).
wings
fishermen
women
heroes
stories
考点专练
6.Our English teacher gave us ________ on how to learn English.
A.some advices B.an advice
C.a piece of advice D.one advice
7.My father told me ________ just now.
A.two piece of news B.two pieces of news
C.two news D.two pieces of newses
8.I live a healthy life. I often have ________ and ________ for lunch.
A.fish; eggs B.fishes; egg
C.chickens; carrots D.chicken; carrot
C
B
A
考点专练
9.—Would you like something to eat
—Yes, I’d like some ________.
A.apple B.milk C.bread D.water
10.—What would you like to drink, girl
—______, please.
A.Two cup of coffee B.Two cups of coffees C.Two cups of coffee
11.This article offers much useful ________ on how to lose weight and keep healthy.
A.topic B.tip C.suggestion D.information
C
C
D
考点三
名词所有格
名词所有格
名词所有格主要用来表示人或物的所有或所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。
名词所有格有三种形式:
(1)’s所有格
(2)of所有格
(3)同时具备前两种格的双重所有格
一、’s所有格
构成方法 示 例
单数名词一般在词尾加’s The girl’s schoolbag is nice.
那个女孩的书包很漂亮。
以s结尾的复数名词加’ The teachers’ office is over there.
老师的办公室在那里。
不以s结尾的复数名词加 ’s There are many children’s books in the shop.
在这家商店里有许多儿童读物。
一、’s所有格
构成方法 示 例
表示两个人共有同一物,则只在后一个名词词尾加’s;如果两个人分别拥有某物,则在两个名词词尾分别加’s(被修饰名词要用复数形式) This is Tom and Peter’s room.
这是汤姆和彼得共同的房间。
These are Tom’s and Peter’s shoes.
这些是汤姆和彼得(各自)的鞋子。
表示时间、距离、国家、地点和自然现象等无生命事物的名词也可以在词尾加’s构成所有格 today’s newspaper
今天的报纸
two hours’ rest
两小时的休息
二、of所有格
of所有格一般用于表示无生命的东西的所有关系,常用“of+名词”的形式。
1.the A of C名词拥有较长的定语(可用于表示有生命的东西表示所属关系)
the children of that poor family, the name of the girl standing outside, the contribution of science and technology
2.表示地理、机构、集体等的名词可用of或-’s表所有格。
the population of the city或the city’s population, the plan of the family或the family’s plan
3.在某人的家或工作地
at Mr Green’s, to my uncle’s, at the tailor’s, at the doctor’s
三、双重所有格
双重所有格主要用来表示整体中的一部分。
1.of+名词性物主代词:a friend of mine
2.of+名词所有格:a book of my friend’s
对比: a photo of Lily’s vs. a photo of Lily
表示照片属于莉莉,照片上的人不一定是莉莉
表示照片上的人是莉莉
考点专练
1.—A beautiful farm!
—It’s my ________. And he has many animals on the farm.
A.uncle’s B.uncles C.uncles’ D.uncle
2.She was her music _________ favorite student.
A.teacher B.teachers C.teacher’s D.teaches
3.—Where ________ Lucy and Lily’s bedroom
—It’s next to their ________ bedroom.
A.are; grandparents B.is; grandparents’
C.is; grandparents D.are; grandparents
A
C
B
考点专练
4.The _______ boy spends _______ walk to school every day.
A.ten-year-old; two hour’s B.ten-year-old; two hours’
C.ten-years-old; two hour’ D.ten years old two-hours
5.Paul and John are good at running. They will take part in the ________ race.
A.boys’ 800-meter B.boy’s 800-meter
C.boys’ 800-meters D.boy’s 800-meters
6.________ father works in the police station.
A.Eric and Helen’s B.Eric and Helen
C.Eric’s and Helen D.Eric’s and Helen’s
A
A
B
考点专练
4.The _______ boy spends _______ walk to school every day.
A.ten-year-old; two hour’s B.ten-year-old; two hours’
C.ten-years-old; two hour’ D.ten years old two-hours
5.Paul and John are good at running. They will take part in the ________ race.
A.boys’ 800-meter B.boy’s 800-meter
C.boys’ 800-meters D.boy’s 800-meters
6.________ father works in the police station.
A.Eric and Helen’s B.Eric and Helen
C.Eric’s and Helen D.Eric’s and Helen’s
A
A
B
三、双重所有格
7.________ fathers are firefighters. They were involved in fighting the mountain fires in Dali.
A.Tom and Bob’s B.Tom’s and Bob’s
C.Tom’s and Bob D.Tom and Bob
8.Which classmate is the best friend of ________
A.you B.your C.yours D.yourself
9.The artist ________ day and night and many of his art pieces are famous ________.
A.work; works B.works; works
C.works; work D.work; work
B
C
B
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