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人教版七年级上册英语语法汇总
专项讲解与练习题
语法 1：一般现在时（be 动词）& 人称代词主格
讲解
1. be 动词的三种形式：I 用 am，you 用 are，he/she/it/单数名词用 is；we/you/they/复数名词用 are。
2. 基本句式
肯定句：主语 + am/is/are + 表语（名词/形容词/介词短语）。
否定句：主语 + am/is/are + not + 表语（am not 不可缩写，is not=isn’t，are not=aren’t）。
一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 表语？（回答：Yes, 主语+am/is/are./No, 主语+am/is/are+not.）
3. 人称代词主格：I（我）、you（你/你们）、he（他）、she（她）、it（它）、we（我们）、they（他们），在句中作主语。
练习题
题型一：用 be 动词的适当形式填空
1. I ____ a student of Grade Seven.
2. She ____ my English teacher, Ms. Li.
3. ____ this your pencil-box
4. They ____ from Shanghai.
5. The dog ____ black and white.
6. We ____ in Class 2, Grade 7.
7. ____ you happy to meet your new friend
8. That ____ an apple tree in the yard.
题型二：按要求改写句子
1. He is a doctor.（改为否定句）
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2. We are in the library now.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答）
3. It is a cute cat.（对 a cute cat 提问）
4. These books are on the desk.（改为否定句）
5. She is twelve years old.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答）
6. My parents are at home.（对 at home 提问）
7. I am from Beijing.（改为一般疑问句）
语法 2：一般现在时（实义动词）& 名词所有格(’s)
讲解
1. 实义动词的一般现在时变化
主语为第三人称单数（he/she/it/单数名词/不可数名词）：动词后加-s/-es（规则：一般加-s；以
s/x/ch/sh/o 结尾加-es；以辅音字母+y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加-es）。
主语为非第三人称单数（I/you/we/they/复数名词）：动词用原形。
否定句：主语 + don’t/doesn’t + 动词原形（第三人称单数用 doesn’t，其余用 don’t）。
一般疑问句：Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形？（回答：Yes, 主语+do/does./No, 主语+don’t/doesn’t.）
2. 名词所有格
单数名词/不以 s 结尾的复数名词：直接加**’s**（如 Tom’s bag，children’s toys）。
以 s 结尾的复数名词：直接加**’**（如 students’ classroom）。
表“……的”，用于名词前表示所属关系。
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练习题
题型一：用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. She ____ (like) playing basketball after school.
2. They ____ (go) to school at 7:30 every morning.
3. He ____ (not watch) TV on school nights.
4. ____ you ____ (read) English every morning
5. My father ____ (work) in a factory.
6. The girl ____ (not like) eating vegetables.
7. ____ Mike ____ (play) football on weekends
8. We ____ (have) a big family dinner on New Year’s Eve.
题型二：用名词所有格改写或填空
1. This is the pen of Jack. → This is ____.
2. The toys of the kids are on the bed. → The ____ are on the bed.
3. That is the book of my sister. → That is ____.
4. The ____ (teacher) desk is in the front of the classroom.
5. Today is ____ (Lucy) birthday.
6. This is the ____ (students) playground.
7. The ____ (dog) food is in the bowl under the table.
语法 3：There be 句型
讲解
1. 含义：表示“某地有某物/某人”，区别于“have/has”（表“某人拥有某物”）。
2. 结构：There is + 单数名词/不可数名词；There are + 复数名词。
3. 就近原则：be 动词的单复数由离它最近的名词决定。
4. 句式变化
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否定句：There is/are + not + 名词（is not=isn’t，are not=aren’t）。
一般疑问句：Is/Are there + 名词？（回答：Yes, there is/are./No, there isn’t/aren’t.）
练习题
题型一：用 is/are 填空
1. There ____ a book on the desk.
2. There ____ some pens in the pencil-box.
3. ____ there a map on the wall
4. There ____ some water in the glass.
5. There ____ a cat and two dogs in the room.
6. There ____ no trees in the small park.
7. ____ there any milk in the bottle
8. There ____ a ruler and an eraser in my schoolbag.
题型二：按要求改写句子
1. There is a tree in the yard.（改为否定句）
2. There are some birds in the tree.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答）
3. There is a computer on the desk.（对 a computer 提问）
4. There are five books on the shelf.（改为否定句）
5. There is some bread on the plate.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答）
6. There are three boys in the classroom.（对 three boys 提问）
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7. There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.（改为一般疑问句）
语法 4：方位介词
讲解
教材核心方位介词：in（在……里面）、on（在……上面）、under（在……下面）、in front of（在……前
面）、behind（在……后面）、between（在……两者之间）、next to（紧挨着）、across from（在……对面），
用于描述人或物的位置关系。
练习题
题型一：用适当的方位介词填空
1. The ball is ____ the box.（在盒子里）
2. The picture is ____ the wall.（在墙上）
3. My house is ____ the school.（在学校对面）
4. The cat is ____ the chair.（在椅子下面）
5. She sits ____ Tom and Lily.（在汤姆和莉莉之间）
6. The tree is ____ the house.（在房子前面）
7. The library is ____ the classroom building.（紧挨着教学楼）
8. The bike is ____ the door.（在门后面）
题型二：根据图片/句意完成句子
1. The book is ____ the desk. (on/under)
2. The pen is ____ the pencil-box. (in/on)
3. The dog is ____ the tree. (in front of/behind)
4. The bank is ____ the supermarket. (across from/between)
5. My seat is ____ Jim’s seat. (next to/under)
6. There is a river ____ the two mountains. (between/in)
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7. The teacher’s desk is ____ the blackboard. (in front of/on)
语法 5：连词（and/but/because）
讲解
1. and：表并列/顺承，意为“和、并且、然后”，连接并列的单词、短语或句子。
2. but：表转折，意为“但是”，连接前后语义相反的内容。
3. because：表原因，意为“因为”，后接原因状语从句，回答 why 引导的特殊疑问句。
练习题
题型一：用 and/but/because 填空
1. I like apples ____ bananas.
2. He is very tall, ____ he can’t play basketball well.
3. She stayed at home ____ she was ill.
4. I study hard ____ I want to get good grades.
5. He likes music ____ he doesn’t like PE.
6. I have a pen ____ a pencil in my schoolbag.
7. We can’t go out ____ it’s raining heavily.
8. She is young, ____ she can cook delicious food.
题型二：用连词连接句子
1. I like coffee. I like tea.（and）
2. He is rich. He is not happy.（but）
3. She didn’t go to school. She had a cold.（because）
4. I get up early. I want to exercise.（because）
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5. He plays the piano. He plays the guitar.（and）
6. The movie is interesting. I don’t have time to watch it.（but）
7. They go to the zoo. They want to see pandas.（because）
语法 6：情态动词 can（表能力）
讲解
1. 含义：表“能、会”，用于描述某人的能力。
2. 用法：后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。
3. 句式变化
否定句：主语 + can’t（can not 的缩写） + 动词原形。
一般疑问句：Can + 主语 + 动词原形？（回答：Yes, 主语+can./No, 主语+can’t.）
练习题
题型一：用 can/can’t 的适当形式填空
1. I ____ swim, but I ____ skate.
2. ____ you speak Chinese fluently
3. She ____ play the violin very well.
4. They ____ ride horses on the farm.
5. He ____ sing English songs, so he joins the music club.
6. ____ your father drive a car
7. We ____ finish the work before five o’clock.
8. The baby ____ walk yet (还).
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题型二：按要求改写句子
1. She can draw beautiful pictures.（改为否定句）
2. We can play chess together.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答）
3. He can speak French.（对 French 提问）
4. They can dance to pop music.（改为否定句）
5. I can swim in the swimming pool.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答）
6. My mother can cook Italian food.（对 Italian food 提问）
7. Tom can play basketball very well.（对 Tom 提问）
语法 7：时间表达与 Wh-疑问词（what time/when/what）
讲解
1. 时间表达
整点：数字 + o’clock（如 7 o’clock）。
非整点：顺读法（先时后分，如 7:15→seven fifteen）；逆读法（≤30 分钟用 past，＞30 分钟用 to，
如 7:15→a quarter past seven，7:45→a quarter to eight）。
2. Wh-疑问词
what time：问具体时刻（几点几分）。
when：问时间（可指时刻、日期、月份等，范围更广）。
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what：问事物、职业、活动等。
练习题
题型一：用 what time/when/what 填空
1. ____ is it now It’s 8:00 a.m.
2. ____ do you usually get up At 6:30 a.m.
3. ____ do you do on weekends I often read books.
4. ____ does she go to bed At 9:30 p.m.
5. ____ is your favorite subject English.
6. ____ do they have lunch At 12:00.
7. ____ is the weather like today It’s sunny.
8. ____ do you finish your homework At 7:00 p.m.
题型二：按要求改写句子/翻译
1. I get up at 6:00 a.m.（对**at 6:00 a.m.**提问，用 what time）
2. They have English class on Monday.（对 on Monday 提问，用 when）
3. He does his homework in the evening.（对 does his homework 提问，用 what）
4. 现在是七点十五分。（翻译，用顺读法）
5. 她晚上八点半睡觉。（翻译，用逆读法）
6. We watch TV at 7:00 p.m.（对**at 7:00 p.m.**提问，用 when）
7. 现在是九点四十五分。（翻译，用逆读法）
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语法 8：序数词
讲解
1. 含义：表示顺序，如“第一、第二、第三”等。
2. 教材核心序数词：
first (1st)、second (2nd)、third (3rd)、fourth (4th)、fifth (5th)、sixth (6th)、seventh (7th)、eighth (8th)、
ninth (9th)、tenth (10th)、twelfth (12th)、twentieth (20th)。
3. 用法：常与 the 连用，用于表达生日、日期、楼层、比赛名次等。
练习题
题型一：写出下列基数词对应的序数词
1. one → ____
2. two → ____
3. three → ____
4. four → ____
5. five → ____
6. eight → ____
7. nine → ____
8. twelve → ____
题型二：用序数词填空/改写句子
1. January is the ____ (one) month of the year.
2. Today is my brother’s ____ (three) birthday.
3. He is in the ____ (five) grade.
4. The ____ (eight) day of August is my birthday.
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5. December is the ____ (twelve) month of the year.
6. This is my ____ (one) time to visit Beijing.
7. The ____ (nine) lesson is very interesting.
参考答案
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语法 1：一般现在时（be 动词）& 人称代词主格
题型一
1. am
2. is
3. Is
4. are
5. is
6. are
7. Are
8. is
题型二
1. He isn’t a doctor.
2. Are you in the library now Yes, we are.
3. What is it
4. These books aren’t on the desk.
5. Is she twelve years old No, she isn’t.
6. Where are your parents
7. Are you from Beijing
语法 2：一般现在时（实义动词）& 名词所有格(’s)
题型一
1. likes
2. go
3. doesn’t watch
4. Do; read
5. works
6. doesn’t like
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7. Does; play
8. have
题型二
1. Jack’s pen
2. kids’ toys
3. my sister’s book
4. teacher’s
5. Lucy’s
6. students’
7. dog’s
语法 3：There be 句型
题型一
1. is
2. are
3. Is
4. is
5. is
6. are
7. Is
8. is
题型二
1. There isn’t a tree in the yard.
2. Are there any birds in the tree Yes, there are.
3. What is on the desk
4. There aren’t five books on the shelf.
5. Is there any bread on the plate No, there isn’t.
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6. How many boys are there in the classroom
7. Is there a pen and two pencils on the desk
语法 4：方位介词
题型一
1. in
2. on
3. across from
4. under
5. between
6. in front of
7. next to
8. behind
题型二
1. on
2. in
3. behind（答案不唯一，合理即可）
4. across from
5. next to
6. between
7. in front of
语法 5：连词（and/but/because）
题型一
1. and
2. but
3. because
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4. because
5. but
6. and
7. because
8. but
题型二
1. I like coffee and tea.
2. He is rich but he is not happy.
3. She didn’t go to school because she had a cold.
4. I get up early because I want to exercise.
5. He plays the piano and the guitar.
6. The movie is interesting but I don’t have time to watch it.
7. They go to the zoo because they want to see pandas.
语法 6：情态动词 can（表能力）
题型一
1. can; can’t
2. Can
3. can
4. can
5. can
6. Can
7. can
8. can’t
题型二
1. She can’t draw beautiful pictures.
2. Can you play chess together Yes, we can.
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3. What can he speak
4. They can’t dance to pop music.
5. Can you swim in the swimming pool No, I can’t.
6. What can your mother cook
7. Who can play basketball very well
语法 7：时间表达与 Wh-疑问词（what time/when/what）
题型一
1. What time/What
2. What time/When
3. What
4. What time/When
5. What
6. What time/When
7. What
8. What time/When
题型二
1. What time do you get up
2. When do they have English class
3. What does he do in the evening
4. It’s seven fifteen now.
5. She goes to bed at half past eight in the evening.
6. When do you watch TV
7. It’s a quarter to ten now.
语法 8：序数词
题型一
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1. first
2. second
3. third
4. fourth
5. fifth
6. eighth
7. ninth
8. twelfth
题型二
1. first
2. third
3. fifth
4. eighth
5. twelfth
6. first
7. ninth
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