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2026江苏省中职英语二轮专题
书面表达
讲师aaa
为什么学书面表达？
什么是书面表达？
怎么学书面表达？
导航
【考查内容】 要求考生能够根据题干要求完成写作，词数要求一般不少于80词，要求表述清晰、语句连贯、用词准确、基本无语法错误等
什么是书面表达？
【题型示例】
现在许多年轻人将使用过的物品放在网上交易，请谈谈你对此现象的看法。内容包括：
（1）你所知道的网上二手物品交易现象；（提示：相关网站；学习用品如书籍、纸笔；生活用品如衣服、鞋包；电子设备如手机、电脑等）
（2）列举你或同学、亲友的相关经历；
（3）你对网上二手物品交易的看法。（提示：省钱、环保、便捷等；注意避免不当交易及上当受骗）
什么是书面表达？
【题型示例】
写作要求：
（1）词数不少于80。
（2）鼓励紧扣主题的适当发挥。
（3）本题在答题卡上对应处作答。
My Views on Buying and Selling Second-hand Items Online
___________________________________________________________
什么是书面表达？
重点考查内容
【考查能力】 主要考查考生对英语词汇知识、语法知识的运用能力以及基本的应用文写作能力
【考查类型】 主要有四类：应用文、议论文、记叙文和说明文
为什么学书面表达？
怎么学书面表达？
必备知识
01
必备知识
你喜欢哪个？
评分标准
你喜欢哪个？
一看卷面：书写、篇幅、格式
二看内容：标点符号、单词、语法等
评分标准
写作重点
一、语言多样化
动词——认为
素颜版：think
淡妆版：contend, claim, argue, hold the view that…
精致版：as far as I can see, from my personal perspective,
from my point of view, to my way of thinking
in my eyes, in my mind
高频词汇替换
写作重点
一、语言多样化
名词——人
基础款：人 people/ person
升级款：个体 individual 居民 resident 公民 citizen
男女老少 men and women/ old and young
写作重点
一、语言多样化
修饰词——越来越 more and more
修饰名词：an increasing number of people 越来越多的人
修饰形容词：increasingly serious 越来越严重
写作重点
一、语言多样化
形容词——重要的 important
替代词：significant, vital, crucial, essential, critical
of+名词：of great importance, of utmost importance
倒装句：Of great importance is…
非常重要：very important, extremely important
写作重点
一、语言多样化
【翻一翻】
我认为Tiffany是个美女，不同的人有不同的看法。
【参考译文1】I think Tiffany is a beauty, but different people have different opinion.
【参考译文2】As far as I can see, Tiffany is a beauty, but views vary from person to person.
写作重点
二、句法复杂性
【前提】保证基本句子正确 —— 符合五大基本句型
主+谓：She smiles.
主+谓+宾：I love you.
主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语：I give you a book.
主+谓+宾+宾补：You made me happy.
主+系+表：You are students.
怎么变复杂呢？
分析句子逻辑关系
写作重点
二、句法复杂性
【前提】：保证基本句子正确 —— 符合五大基本句型
① 并列句
【例】You are students.
I am a teacher.
【组合】You are students and/ but I am a teacher.
写作重点
二、句法复杂性
【前提】：保证基本句子正确 —— 符合五大基本句型
② 主从句
【例】You want to succeed.
You must study hard.
【组合】If you want to succeed, you must study hard.
写作重点
二、句法复杂性
【前提】：保证基本句子正确 —— 符合五大基本句型
③ 加插入语
【例】I love the handsome boy.
【句1】Undoubtedly, I love the handsome boy.
写作重点
二、句法复杂性
【前提】：保证基本句子正确 —— 符合五大基本句型
④ 加介词结构做状语
【例】I love the handsome boy.
【句1】Undoubtedly, I love the handsome boy.
【句2】Undoubtedly, I love the handsome boy in the classroom.
写作重点
二、句法复杂性
【前提】：保证基本句子正确 —— 符合五大基本句型
⑤ 强调句
【例】Yesterday I met him.
【强调时间】
【强调宾语】
It was yesterday that I met him.
It was him who/ that I met yesterday.
写作重点
二、句法复杂性
【逻辑类型及常见词】
强调：undoubtedly, indeed, obviously, particularly, especially
补充：additionally, furthermore, also
同义对比：similarly, equally, likewise, in the same way
反义对比：unlike, on the other hand, despite, in contrast
逻辑顺序：finally, at the same time, following, last but not least
结果：as a result
写作重点
二、句法复杂性
【逻辑类型及常见词】
例证：for example, such as
总结：in conclusion, in short
原因：because of, in order to, due to
条件：if, in case, unless
让步：however, though, although
概括：as a rule, generally, on the whole
写作重点
Aha Moment
【写作原则】
先写对（简单句）
再追求美（复杂句）
否则全废
必备知识小结
类型讲解
02
类型讲解
应用文
应用文
书信
Dear Tom,
I am writing this letter to...
Looking forward to your reply...
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
称呼
结尾语
署名
正文
收信（件）人
写信（件）人
格式
常见称呼
Mr.（先生） 用于男性
Dr./ Prof.（博士/教授） 用于学术界
Ms.（女士）用于女性，已婚未婚均可；只知收件人姓名不知性别时
Dear Sir or Madam 用于不知收件人姓名时
To Whom It May Concern 用于不知收件人姓名时
格式
常见称呼
【不特定的收件人】
Dear Sir or Madam; To Whom It May Concern
【特定的收件人】
Dear + 人名（例：Dear Bob）
Dear + 性别 + 人名（例：Dear Mr. Bob）
Dear + 职务（例：Dear Editor）
Dear + 职务 + 人名（例：Dear Prof. Smith）
格式
正文
【模式】三段式
首段：（寒暄 +）写信目的
中间段：具体信息
尾段：寒暄
【分析】
How is everything going I’m writing to ask for your help. I want to take part in the English Talent Show next term. I’m good at English speaking, and I want to get a good result. Could you give me some instructions and advice Thank you very much.
格式
正文
【模式】三段式
首段：（寒暄 +）写信目的
中间段：具体信息
尾段：寒暄
【分析】
寒暄+写信目的：How is everything going I’m writing to ask for your help.
具体信息：I want to take part in the English Talent Show next term. I’m good at English speaking, and I want to get a good result. Could you give me some instructions and advice
寒暄：Thank you very much.
格式
结尾语
Dear Tom,
I am writing this letter to...
Looking forward to your reply...
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
称呼
结尾语
署名
正文
【常用表达】
Yours sincerely
Yours
格式
结尾语
Dear Tom,
I am writing this letter to...
Looking forward to your reply...
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
称呼
结尾语
署名
正文
【注意事项】
根据提纲所给
不要写自己真实姓名
格式
【找一找】
你是李华，想参加学校下学期的英语才艺大赛（English Talent Show）。请用英语写一封信给你的外教Mr. Smith，表达你想参加比赛的愿望，介绍你在英语方面的才能并请他给予指导。
【收信人】Mr. Smith
【结尾语】Yours sincerely
【写信人】李华
格式
书信
内容
【模式】三段式
首段：（寒暄 +）写信目的
中间段：具体信息
尾尾段：寒暄
求助信
【首段】写信目的——提出请求
I’m writing to ask for your help/ ask you to do me a favor.
I wonder if you could help me to solve a problem.
【中间段】具体信息——陈述困难及希望得到的帮助
I find it difficult for me to…
I have some difficulties/ troubles in…
Faced with so many problems, I really need your help/ I’m eager to get your help.
求助信
【尾段】寒暄——希望得到帮助，并向对方表示感谢
Would/ Could you please offer me some advice/ suggestions on…
I would be grateful if you could help me.
求助信
假如你是李华，想参加学校下学期的英语才艺大赛（English Talent Show）。请用英语写一封信给你的外教Mr. Smith写一封求助信，内容包括：
（1）表达你想参加比赛的愿望
（2）介绍你在英语方面的才能并请他给予指导
【写作要求】（1）词数不少于80。
（2）鼓励紧扣主题的适当发挥。
（3）开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mr. Smith,
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
_________________________________________________________________
假如你是李华，想参加学校下学期的英语才艺大赛（English Talent Show）。请用英语写一封信给你的外教Mr. Smith写一封求助信，内容包括：
（1）表达你想参加比赛的愿望
（2）介绍你在英语方面的才能并请他给予指导
【写作要求】（1）词数不少于80。
（2）鼓励紧扣主题的适当发挥。
（3）开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
写信人：李华
收信人：外教Mr. Smith
内容：求助
【首段】（寒暄+）写信目的
【中间段】具体细节
【尾段】寒暄
【首段】寒暄+目的
一切都好吗？我写信是为了请求您的帮助。
How is everything going I’m writing to ask for your help.
【中间段】具体信息
我想参加下学期的英语才艺表演。由于我擅长英语口语，所以想准备一个与口语相关的表演，但是我不知道怎么做。另外，这是我第一次参加比赛，想取得一个好成绩。您能给我一些指导和建议吗？
I want to take part in the English Talent Show next term. Since I am good at spoken English, I want to prepare a performance related to spoken English, but I don't know how to do it. In addition, this is my first time to participate in the competition and I want to get a good result. Can you give me some guidance and advice
【尾段】希望得到帮助，并向对方表示感谢
如果您能帮助我，我会非常感激。期待您的早日回信。
I would be very grateful if you could help me. Looking forward to your early reply.
【参考范文】
Dear Mr. Smith,
How is everything going I’m writing to ask for your help.
I want to take part in the English Talent Show next term. Since I am good at spoken English, I want to prepare a performance related to spoken English, but I don't know how to do it. In addition, this is my first time to participate in the competition and I want to get a good result. Can you give me some guidance and advice
I would be very grateful if you could help me. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
内容
【模式】三段式
首段：（寒暄+）写信目的
中间段：具体信息
尾段：寒暄
邀请信
【首段】写信目的——发出邀请
Would you like to join us in…
I wonder if you can come to…
I am writing to invite you to…
【中间段】具体信息——具体介绍
As scheduled, the meeting/ party will be held…
During the…, we will have lots of activities which you will be interested in. First/ To begin with,… Second/ Besides,… Third/ In addition,…
I’m sure you will have a good time/ enjoy yourself.
邀请信
【尾段】寒暄——表达希望对方的到来及期待收到对方的回复
I’m looking forward to your reply/ coming.
I really/ do hope you’ll be able to come.
It would be an honor to me if you would accept my invitation.
邀请信
假定你是李华。寒假即将来临，请用英文给你的外国朋友Tom写一封邮件，内容包括：
（1）邀请他寒假来你家住一段时间
（2）体验一下中国的传统节日——春节
【写作要求】（1）词数不少于80。
（2）鼓励紧扣主题的适当发挥。
（3）开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Tom,
Yours,
Li Hua
_________________________________________________________________
假定你是李华。寒假即将来临，请用英文给你的外国朋友Tom写一封邮件，内容包括：
（1）邀请他寒假来你家住一段时间
（2）体验一下中国的传统节日——春节
【写作要求】（1）词数不少于80。
（2）鼓励紧扣主题的适当发挥。
（3）开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
写信人：李华
收信人：外国朋友Tom
内容：邀请
【首段】（寒暄+）写信目的
【中间段】具体细节
【尾段】寒暄
【首段】寒暄+目的
一切都好吗？我写这封信是想邀请你在这个寒假住在我家。
How is everything going I am writing to invite you to stay at my home during this winter vacation.
【中间段】具体信息
我很高兴把你介绍给我的家人。首先，我们可以一起参观我的城市，吃我的家人做的美味的食物。其次，你可以体验一下中国的传统节日之一——春节。在那时候，我们会一起包饺子。我相信你会喜欢这次经历，并留下一些难忘的回忆。
I’m excited to introduce you to my family. Firstly, we can visit my city together and eat the delicious food made by my family. Secondly, you can experience the Spring Festival, one of the traditional festivals in China. At that time, we will make dumplings together. I’m sure you’ll enjoy the experience and make some unforgettable memories.
【尾段】寒暄
期待你的回信。我真的希望你能来。
I am looking forward to your reply. I do hope you’ll be able to come.
【参考范文】
Dear Tom,
How is everything going I am writing to invite you to stay at my home during this winter vacation.
I’m excited to introduce you to my family. Firstly, we can visit my city together and eat the delicious food made by my family. Secondly, you can experience the Spring Festival, one of the traditional festivals in China. At that time, we will make dumplings together. I’m sure you’ll enjoy the experience and make some unforgettable memories.
I am looking forward to your reply. I do hope you’ll be able to come.
Yours,
Li Hua
内容
【模式】三段式
首段：（寒暄+）写信目的
中间段：具体信息
尾段：寒暄
申请信
【首段】寒暄+目的
I’m writing to apply for...
I am writing to express my interest in your recently advertised position.
I have learned from your advertisement that your company needs…
【中间段】具体信息——具体说明
I’m writing to apply for...
I am writing to express my interest in your recently advertised position.
I have learned from your advertisement that your company needs…
申请信
【尾段】寒暄——表达期待收到对方的回复
I will be much grateful if you can give me the opportunity.
If I get the chance, I will try my best to do it. My phone number is…
Thank you very much for your kind consideration/ attention.
I’m looking forward to your early reply.
申请信
假如你是留学生王平，你因发烧、咳嗽不能上课。请你给Peter老师写一封信，请两天病假。内容包括：
（1）表示歉意
（2）阐明理由
【写作要求】（1）词数不少于80。
（2）鼓励紧扣主题的适当发挥。
（3）开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mr. Peter,
Yours,
Wang Ping
_________________________________________________________________
假如你是留学生王平，你因发烧、咳嗽不能上课。请你给Peter老师写一封信，请两天病假。内容包括：
（1）表示歉意
（2）阐明理由
【写作要求】（1）词数不少于80。
（2）鼓励紧扣主题的适当发挥。
（3）开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
写信人：王平
收信人：Peter老师
内容：请假（申请）
【首段】（寒暄+）写信目的
【中间段】具体细节
【尾段】寒暄
【首段】寒暄+目的
一切都好吗？我写这封信是想请两天病假。
How is everything going I am writing to ask for a two-day sick leave.
【中间段】具体信息
这是因为昨天放学回家的时候淋了雨，导致我重感冒。我现在发烧、咳嗽，医生说我需要在家静养，以至于我不能去上课。我真的很抱歉，但是之后我会想办法补课的。谢谢您的理解。
It’s because I caught a bad cold when I came home from school yesterday. I have a fever and cough, and the doctor says I need to rest at home, so I can’t go to class. I’m really sorry, but I’ll find a way to make up for it later. Thank you for your understanding.
【尾段】寒暄
希望您能同意我的申请。期待您的早日回信。
I hope you can accept my application. I’m looking forward to your early reply.
【参考范文】
Dear Mr. Peter,
How is everything going I am writing to ask for a two-day sick leave.
It’s because I caught a bad cold when I came home from school yesterday. I have a fever and cough, and the doctor says I need to rest at home, so I can’t go to class. I’m really sorry, but I’ll find a way to make up for it later. Thank you for your understanding.
I hope you can accept my application. I’m looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Wang Ping
内容
【模式】三段式
首段：（寒暄+）写信目的
中间段：具体信息+解决办法
尾段：寒暄
投诉信
【首段】寒暄+目的
I’m writing to you to complain about…
I want to express my dissatisfaction with…
It is a great pity that we find there is something wrong with…
I am completely disappointed/ upset to find that…
【中间段】具体信息——具体说明+解决办法
To improve the situation, you can take the following measures.
I think several measures should be taken to solve the problems.
投诉信
【尾段】寒暄——希望对方给予考虑并尽快回复
I do hope that the problems can be solved as soon as possible.
I’m looking forward to your reply/ hearing from you.
I hope I can get my refund as soon as possible.
投诉信
假如你是留学生王平，最近参加了某旅行社（travel agency）组织的一次旅游，但是你对该次旅游很不满。请你向客服（customer service）写一封投诉信，内容包括：
（1）阐述投诉的原因
（2）提出你期待的解决办法。
【写作要求】（1）词数不少于80。
（2）鼓励紧扣主题的适当发挥。
（3）开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Customer Service of Travel Agency,
Yours,
Wang Ping
_________________________________________________________________
假如你是留学生王平，最近参加了某旅行社（travel agency）组织的一次旅游，但是你对该次旅游很不满。请你向客服（customer service）写一封投诉信，内容包括：
（1）阐述投诉的原因
（2）提出你期待的解决办法。
【写作要求】（1）词数不少于80。
（2）鼓励紧扣主题的适当发挥。
（3）开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
写信人：李明
收信人：某旅行社
内容：投诉内容 + 解决方法
【首段】（寒暄+）写信目的
【中间段】具体细节+解决办法
【尾段】寒暄
【首段】寒暄+目的
我是李明。我上个月参加了贵公司组织的北京之旅，我写这封信是为了对此进行投诉。
I am Li Ming. I am writing this letter to complain about the trip I took to Beijing organized by your company last month.
【中间段】具体信息
我投诉的具体原因如下。首先，我居住的酒店环境很差，严重影响了我的睡眠。其次，旅途中我没有享受到你们提到的美食。这些经历对我的影响很大。我希望贵公司采取措施来改善服务质量。
The specific reasons for my complaint are as follows. First of all, the hotel I live in is very bad, which seriously affects my sleep. Secondly, I did not enjoy the food you mentioned during the trip. These experiences had a great impact on me. I hope your company will take measures to improve the quality of service.
【尾段】寒暄
我希望这些问题能尽快得到解决。期待回信。
I do hope that the problems can be solved as soon as possible. I’m looking forward to your reply.
【参考范文】
Dear Customer Service of Travel Agency,
I am Li Ming. I am writing this letter to complain about the trip I took to Beijing organized by your company last month.
The specific reasons for my complaint are as follows. First of all, the hotel I live in is very bad, which seriously affects my sleep. Secondly, I did not enjoy the food you mentioned during the trip. These experiences had a great impact on me. I hope your company will take measures to improve the quality of service.
I do hope that the problems can be solved as soon as possible. I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Wang Ping
内容
【模式】三段式
首段：（寒暄+）写信目的
中间段：具体信息+弥补方案
尾段：寒暄
道歉信
【首段】寒暄+目的
I am writing this letter to express my/ our regret…
I’m writing to apologize/ say sorry for…
【中间段】具体信息——具体说明+弥补方案
We promise that such a matter will never happen again.
To make up for my fault, I will…
道歉信
【尾段】寒暄——请求对方谅解
Please allow me to express my deep apologies again.
I sincerely hope that you can accept my apologies.
Once again, I am really sorry for any inconvenience caused.
道歉信
假如你是李华。你的美国朋友Tom上周回美国了，你因学校考试没能到机场为他送行。请你写一封信，内容包括：
（1）向Tom表达你的歉意
（2）献上你的祝福
【写作要求】（1）词数不少于80。
（2）鼓励紧扣主题的适当发挥。
（3）开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Tom,
Yours,
Li Hua
_________________________________________________________________
假如你是李华。你的美国朋友Tom上周回美国了，你因学校考试没能到机场为他送行。请你写一封信，内容包括：
（1）向Tom表达你的歉意
（2）献上你的祝福
【写作要求】（1）词数不少于80。
（2）鼓励紧扣主题的适当发挥。
（3）开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
写信人：李华
收信人：美国朋友Tom
内容：道歉 + 弥补方案
【首段】（寒暄+）写信目的
【中间段】具体细节+弥补方案
【尾段】寒暄
【首段】寒暄+目的
一切都好吗？我写这封信是想向你道歉。
How is everything going I am writing to express my sincere apology to you.
【中间段】具体信息+弥补措施
很抱歉，上周六我没有去机场给你送行，因为那天我参加了英语考试。我希望你回美国后一切顺利。请接受我诚挚的道歉，并别忘了保持联系。
I’m sorry that I didn’t see you off at the airport last Saturday, because I took part in an English test that day. I hope everything goes well with you after you went back to America. Please accept my sincere apology and don’t forget to keep in touch.
【尾段】寒暄
请允许我再次表示深深的歉意。期待你的回信。
Please allow me to express my deep apologies again. I’m looking forward to your reply.
【参考范文】
Dear Tom,
I am Li Ming. How is everything going I am writing to express my sincere apology to you.
I’m sorry that I didn’t see you off at the airport last Saturday, because I took part in an English test that day. I hope everything goes well with you after you went back to America. Please accept my sincere apology and don’t forget to keep in touch.
Please allow me to express my deep apologies again. I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
内容
【模式】三段式
首段：（寒暄+）写信目的
中间段：具体信息
尾段：寒暄
感谢信
【首段】寒暄+目的
I am writing this letter to thank you for…
I am writing to express my sincere thanks for…
I am truly grateful to you for…
【中间段】具体信息
It was kind/ thoughtful/ nice of you to…
You were so kind to…
Without your help, I wouldn’t have done…
感谢信
【尾段】寒暄——再次表示感谢
Thanks again for your kind/ generous help and I am looking forward to seeing you soon.
Please accept my sincere thanks for your help once again.
I really appreciate your kind help.
感谢信
假如你叫Lily，写一封信给Lucy，内容包括：
（1）表达你的谢意，感谢她帮助你学英语
（2）现在你被深圳大学录取了，希望将来能按她的方法继续提高英语口语
【写作要求】（1）词数不少于80。
（2）鼓励紧扣主题的适当发挥。
（3）开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Lucy,
Yours,
Lily
_________________________________________________________________
假如你叫Lily，写一封信给Lucy，内容包括：
（1）表达你的谢意，感谢她帮助你学英语
（2）现在你被深圳大学录取了，希望将来能按她的方法继续提高英语口语
【写作要求】（1）词数不少于80。
（2）鼓励紧扣主题的适当发挥。
（3）开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
写信人：Lily
收信人：Lucy
内容：感谢
【首段】（寒暄+）写信目的
【中间段】具体细节
【尾段】寒暄
【首段】寒暄+目的
一切都好吗？我写这封信是想就你对我英语上的帮助向你表示感谢。
How is everything going I am writing to thank you for helping me with my English.
【中间段】具体信息
正是由于你在英语上对我的帮助，才能让我顺利被深圳大学录取。没有你的帮助，我可能进不了这所大学。您的方法和技巧使我受益匪浅，我相信我能在此基础上取得更大的成就。我希望在未来我能使用你教我的方法提高我的英语口语。
Thanks to your help with my English, I am admitted to Shenzhen University. Without your help, I might not be able to get into this university. Your methods and skills have benefited me a lot, and I believe I can make greater achievements on this basis. I hope I can use the method you taught me to improve my spoken English in the future.
【尾段】寒暄
再次感谢你的帮助，我期待着很快见到你。
Thanks again for your kind help and I am looking forward to seeing you soon.
【参考范文】
Dear Lucy,
I’m writing this letter to thank you for helping me with my English.
Thanks to your help with my English, I am admitted to Shenzhen University. Without your help, I might not be able to get into this university. Your methods and skills have benefited me a lot, and I believe I can make greater achievements on this basis. I hope I can use the method you taught me to improve my spoken English in the future.
Thanks again for your kind help and I am looking forward to seeing you soon.
Yours,
Lily
万能句式
&
题目信息
内容
书信小结
应用文
通知
Notice
It is decided that...
We hope all students could have a nice day...
Student Union
May 1, 2020
标题
日期
落款
正文
格式
标题：正文中上方的正中间写Notice或者NOTICE
正文：事件相关的具体内容、时间、地点、对象、要求等
落款：发出通知的人或单位的名称，写在正文下一行右下角
日期：落款下一行的右下角
Aha Moment
考试时写作要求中一般不给出下达通知的日期，所以此部分内容可省略不写
格式
写作要点
常采用被动语态，多用第三人称
一般用现在时或将来时，或者用现在进行时表将来
【谓语形式】be + doing
will do
be going to do
内容
行文思路
首段——通知缘由/事项（时间、地点、活动等）
尾段——表示欢迎和期待
【写作技巧】万能句式 + 题目信息
内容
必背句式
【通知缘由】
We are glad to tell you that there will be… to help you learn English.
In order to enrich our after-school activities, we are going to hold…
Our school will organize a related lecture on…
内容
必背句式
【通知事项】
The meeting will be held in the library/ stadium/ hall at…
The lecture will last about… and all the teachers and students are required to be present. Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups after the lecture.
If you would like to take part in…, please come and sign up for it.
By then, there will be many activities you are sure to be interested in, including…
内容
必背句式
【表示欢迎和期待】
We are expecting your attendance/ participation.
All are welcome to be present at the contest/ lecture.
Those who want to take part in it please sign up at…
内容
假如你是你们学校的学生会主席，请你代表校学生会（Student Union）用英文给你校学生写一则关于校园安全的讲座通知，内容包括：
（1）讲座举办的时间、地点
（2）讲座的其他具体细节
写作要求：
（1）词数不少于80。
（2）鼓励紧扣主题的适当发挥。
主办方：学生会（Student Union）
通知对象：全体学生
内容：讲座通知
【首段】通知事项
【尾段】表示欢迎和期待
【通知事项】
为了提高同学们的安全意识，学生会将邀请王教授给我们做一个关于校园安全的讲座。会议将于本周五晚上7点到9点在我校会议室举行。在讲座中，你将了解校园安全的各个方面。此外，专家还将分享实用的技巧和策略，帮助你在校园里保持安全。
In order to enhance students’ safety consciousness, the Student Union will invite Professor Wang to give us a lecture on campus security. It will be held in the meeting room of our school from 7:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. this Friday. In the lecture, you will learn about all aspects of campus safety. In addition, experts will share practical tips and strategies to help you stay safe on campus.
【表示欢迎和期待】
我们鼓励所有学生参加这个重要的活动。请大家准时到场。
We encourage all students to attend this important event. Remember to be here on time.
【参考范文】
NOTICE
In order to enhance students’ safety consciousness, the Student Union will invite Professor Wang to give us a lecture on campus security. It will be held in the meeting room of our school from 7:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. this Friday. In the lecture, you will learn about all aspects of campus safety. In addition, experts will share practical tips and strategies to help you stay safe on campus.
We encourage all students to attend this important event. Remember to be here on time.
The Student Union
December 1st
通知小结
单击此处编辑母版文本样式
二级
三级
四级
五级
Notice
It is decided that...
We hope all students could have a nice day...
Student Union
、May 1, 2020
标题
日期
落款
正文
通知小结
【行文思路】
首段——通知缘由/事项（时间、地点、活动等）
尾段——表示欢迎和期待
【写作要点】
常采用被动语态，多用第三人称
一般用现在时或将来时，或者用现在进行时表将来
万能句式
&
题目信息
通知小结
议论文
【定义】是指针对某个问题、事物或事件采用摆事实、讲道理的方法进行分析、评论，表明自己观点、立场、态度、主张的一类文体
【行文要求】语言必须简练、准确
【注意事项】应尽量避免使用口语，多用书面语；可适当使用名言警句
议论文
议论文
【题型示例】
现在许多年轻人将使用过的物品放在网上交易，请谈谈你对此现象的看法。内容包括：
（1）你所知道的网上二手物品交易现象；（提示：相关网站；学习用品如书籍、纸笔；生活用品如衣服、鞋包；电子设备如手机、电脑等）
（2）列举你或同学、亲友的相关经历；
（3）你对网上二手物品交易的看法。（提示：省钱、环保、便捷等；注意避免不当交易及上当受骗）
议论文
【题型示例】
写作要求：
（1）词数不少于80。
（2）鼓励紧扣主题的适当发挥。
（3）本题在答题卡上对应处作答。
My Views on Buying and Selling Second-hand Items Online
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
议论文
【文章结构】三段式
首段——提出论点
中间段——分析论证
尾段——得出结论
格式
【文章结构】
Different Attitudes Towards Shopping
In recent years, there exists such a phenomenon that shopping has become a hot topic in the society, but views on this issue vary from person to person.
Opinions are divided on whether it is good or not. Some people regard shopping as a hobby. Through shopping during the busy life, they can find and buy something attractive. They believe shopping is very interesting. However, others just think going shopping always takes up too much time and energy, so they argue that this activity is boring and tiring.
From my point of view, shopping rationally can enrich our life and enhance our sense of happiness.
格式
【文章结构】
Different Attitudes Towards Shopping
In recent years, there exists such a phenomenon that shopping has become a hot topic in the society, but views on this issue vary from person to person.
【参考译文】近年来，存在这样一种现象，购物已经成为社会上的一个热门话题，但是对这个问题的看法因人而异。
【首段】提出论点——人们对购物态度不同
格式
【文章结构】
Opinions are divided on whether it is good or not. Some people regard shopping as a hobby. Through shopping during the busy life, they can find and buy something attractive. They believe shopping is very interesting. However, others just think going shopping always takes up too much time and energy, so they argue that this activity is boring and tiring.
【参考译文】人们对它是好是坏意见不一。有些人把购物当作一种爱好。在繁忙的生活中，通过购物，他们可以发现并买到有吸引力的东西。他们认为购物很有趣。然而，其他人只是认为购物总是占用太多的时间和精力，所以他们认为这种活动是无聊和累人的。
【中间段】论证分析，有人把购物看成乐趣，有人把购物看成任务
格式
【文章结构】
From my point of view, shopping rationally can enrich our life and enhance our sense of happiness.
【参考译文】在我看来，理性购物可以丰富我们的生活，增强我们的幸福感。
【尾段】得出结论，适度购物
格式
议论文
写作要点
观点鲜明：文章一定要有一个明确的中心论点予以支撑
层次清晰：一个中心论点往往需要几个分论点支撑，使文章层次分明
思想突出：最后一段要总结全篇，给出一个符合逻辑的结论
时态正确：常用的时态为一般现在时
内容
写作类型
【例1】现在许多年轻人将使用过的物品放在网上交易，请谈谈你对此现象的看法。内容包括：
（1）你所知道的网上二手物品交易现象；（提示：相关网站；学习用品如书籍、纸笔；生活用品如衣服、鞋包；电子设备如手机、电脑等）
（2）列举你或同学、亲友的相关经历；
（3）你对网上二手物品交易的看法。（提示：省钱、环保、便捷等；注意避免不当交易及上当受骗）
现象分析类
内容
写作类型
【例2】随着世界读书日的确立，阅读越来越受到人们的重视。请以“Reading is Fun”为题，表达你对阅读的感受。内容包括：
（1）阅读能拓宽我们的视野（vision）。它帮助我们了解世界各国的历史文化；同时我们从阅读中熟悉地球上不同肤色、不同语言的人们。在某种意义上，阅读是我们通向世界的一座桥梁。
（2）阅读是学生获取知识的重要途径。从阅读中我们掌握科学知识，获得问题的答案；在阅读中我们提高写作能力，因为阅读越多，越能表达我们的内心世界。我们在阅读中不断成长。
（3）书是我们的良师益友。让我们从阅读中寻找乐趣，做一个快乐的读书人。
观点论证类
内容
写作类型
【例3】近年来，学生花在微信和QQ的时间越来越多，他们的学习和健康受到了很大的影响。这一现象引起了家长和老师的关注。请你从学生的角度谈一谈你对学生使用微信和QQ的看法。内容包括：
（1）微信和QQ给我们带来了很多乐趣。通过微信和QQ，我们交流思想、传递信息；我们玩游戏、听音乐。微信和QQ已成为我们生活中很重要的一部分。
（2）然而，由于花太多的时间玩游戏和聊天，我们花费在学习上的时间越来越少。同时，我们过度依赖微信和QQ进行交流，对读写能力的提升没有帮助。更糟糕的是，过度使用微信和QQ使我们的健康受到了很大的影响。
（3）总之，为了我们的学习和健康，我们应该学会合理使用微信和QQ，把更多的时间和精力投入到学习和其他有益的活动中。
利弊分析类
内容
写作类型
【例4】近年来，数字鸿沟减少了老年人的社会参与。他们中的许多人在使用智能设备方面有困难。在这个部分，你应该写一篇关于如何为老年人弥合数字鸿沟（How to Bridge the Digital Gap for the Elderly）的文章。内容包括：
（1）你对这一现象的理解；
（2）帮助老年人应采取的措施。
问题解决类
内容
内容
【定义】此类作文要求对某一现象进行解释说明，分析其产生的原因或影响并加以评论
【行文思路】
首段：描述现象
中间段：分析原因或影响
尾段：评论总结或建议
【写作技巧】万能句式 + 题目信息
现象分析类
必备句式
【首段】引出现象
Nowadays, there exists such a phenomenon that ..., which has aroused great concern among people.
近年来存在一个这样的现象：……，引起了人们的极大关注。
Almost no one in China can fail to notice the phenomenon that ..., which has aroused great concern among people.
在中国几乎无人不知无人不晓这一现象：……，引起了人们的极大关注。
现象分析类
必备句式
【中间段】分析原因或影响
总起句：据我所知/在我看来，存在一些导致这种现象的原因。
（1）From my personal perspective, there are several reasons leading to/ contributing to this phenomenon.
（2）From my personal perspective, several reasons leading to this phenomenon are as follows.
分点陈述
（1）First and foremost/ Firstly/ First of all, 原因1/影响1
（2）In addition/ Secondly/ What’s more, 原因2/影响2
（3）Last but not least/ Finally, 原因3/影响3
现象分析类
必备句式
【尾段】总结全文 + 展望 （+ 解决方法）
As far as I am concerned, it’s not hard to find that (我的观点).
Taking into account what has been argued, we can come to the conclusion that this phenomenon is likely to maintain for quite a long time in the future.
It is high time that we took effective and efficient measures to solve the problem.
现象分析类
如今，不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写，请谈谈你对此现象的看法。内容包括：
（1）你所知道的学生在英语学习中不重视拼写现象；
（2）分析导致此现象的原因或影响；
（3）你对此现象的看法。
写作要求：
（1）词数不少于80。
（2）鼓励紧扣主题的适当发挥。
My View on Students not Paying Attention to English Spelling
如今，不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写，请谈谈你对此现象的看法。内容包括：
（1）你所知道的学生在英语学习中不重视拼写现象；
（2）分析导致此现象的原因或影响；
（3）你对此现象的看法。
My View on Students not Paying Attention to English Spelling
【行文思路】
首段——概括性地引出现象
中间段——分析这一现象产生的原因（总-分）
尾段——总结全文，并提出自己的看法
【首段】引出现象
近年来存在一个这样的现象：学生在英语学习过程中不太重视单词的拼写，这引起了人们的极大关注。
Nowadays, there exists such a phenomenon that students attach less importance to the spelling of words in the process of English study, which has aroused great concern among people.
【中间段】分析原因
在我看来，存在一些导致这种现象的原因。【总】
From my personal perspective, there are several reasons leading to this phenomenon.
首先，应试教育使学生不太注意拼写。其次，一些老师也应该对此负责，因为他们在教学中没有强调拼写的重要性。最后，有些学生懒得背单词。【分】
Firstly, exam-oriented education makes students pay less attention to spelling. Secondly, some teachers should also be responsible for it because they don’t emphasize the importance of spelling during teaching. Finally, some students are too lazy to recite words.
【尾段】得出结论
综上所述，我们可以得出结论，这种现象在未来很长一段时间内可能会持续。不难发现，现在是我们采取有效措施来解决这一现象的时候了。
Taking into account what has been argued, we can come to the conclusion that this phenomenon is likely to maintain for quite a long time in the future. It’s not hard to find that it is high time that we took effective and efficient measures to solve the phenomenon.
【参考范文】
My View on Students not Paying Attention to English Spelling
Nowadays, there exists such a phenomenon that students attach less importance to the spelling of words in the process of English study, which has aroused great concern among people.
From my personal perspective, there are several reasons leading to this phenomenon. Firstly, exam-oriented education makes students pay less attention to spelling. Secondly, some teachers should also be responsible for it because they don’t emphasize the importance of spelling during teaching. Finally, some students are too lazy to recite words.
Taking into account what has been argued, we can come to the conclusion that this phenomenon is likely to maintain for quite a long time in the future. It’s not hard to find that it is high time that we took effective and efficient measures to solve the phenomenon.
【参考模板】
Nowadays, there exists such a phenomenon …, which has aroused great concern among people.
From my personal perspective, there are several reasons leading to this phenomenon. Firstly, … . Secondly, … . Finally, … .
Taking into account what has been argued, we can come to the conclusion that this phenomenon is likely to maintain for quite a long time in the future. As far as I am concerned, it’s not hard to find that it is high time that we took effective and efficient measures to solve the problem.
内容
【定义】此类作文要求对某一问题进行解释说明，并提出相应的解决方法
【行文思路】
首段：描述问题（+ 危害 + 引起注意）
中间段：说明解决措施
尾段：评论总结
【写作技巧】万能句式 + 题目信息
问题解决类
必备句式
【首段】提出问题
Nowadays/ In recent years, there exists such a question that... (句子) , which has aroused great concern among people.
近年来存在一个这样的问题：……，引起了人们的极大关注。
Almost no one in China can fail to notice the question that ..., which has aroused great concern among people.
在中国几乎无人不知无人不晓这一现象：……，引起了人们的极大关注。
Therefore, great attention should be paid to this issue.
因此，应该高度重视这个问题。
问题解决类
必备句式
【中间段】说明方法
总起句
据我所知/在我看来，有以下几种方法可以解决上述问题。
From my personal perspective, there are several methods to solve the problem.
分条列举方法
First and foremost/ Firstly/ First of all, 方法1
In addition/ Secondly/ What’s more, 方法2
Last but not least/ Finally, 方法3
问题解决类
必备句式
【尾段】总结全文 + 展望 + 解决方法
Taking into account what has been argued, it’s not hard to find that it is high time that we took effective and efficient measures to solve the problem.
As far as I am concerned, we can come to the conclusion that this problem is likely to maintain for quite a long time in the future.
问题解决类
近年来，数字鸿沟减少了老年人的社会参与。他们中的许多人在使用智能设备方面有困难。在这个部分，请你写一篇关于如何为老年人弥合数字鸿沟（How to Bridge the Digital Gap for the Elderly）的文章。内容包括：
（1）你对这一现象的理解；
（2）帮助老年人应采取的措施。
写作要求：
（1）词数不少于80。
（2）鼓励紧扣主题的适当发挥。
How to Bridge the Digital Gap for the Elderly
近年来，数字鸿沟减少了老年人的社会参与。他们中的许多人在使用智能设备方面有困难。在这个部分，请你写一篇关于如何为老年人弥合数字鸿沟（How to Bridge the Digital Gap for the Elderly）的文章。内容包括：
（1）你对这一现象的理解；
（2）帮助老年人应采取的措施。
How to Bridge the Digital Gap for the Elderly
How to Bridge the Digital Gap for the Elderly
【行文思路】
首段——提出问题+简述危害+引起注意
中段——分条陈述方法（总-分）
尾段——总结全文，并提出自己的看法
【首段】提出问题
近年来，存在着这样一个问题，随着技术的日益发展，数字鸿沟降低了老年人的社会参与度，这引起了人们的极大关注。
In recent years, there exists such a question that, with the increasing development of technologies, the digital gap has reduced the social participation of the elderly, which has aroused great concern among people.
【中间段】说明方法
（总）在我看来，有以下几种方法可以解决上述问题。（分）首先，商场、公园等地方不得拒绝接受现金支付。然后，作为年轻人，我们应该帮助教老年人使用智能手机，使他们变得更加熟悉互联网。
From my personal perspective, there are several methods to solve the problem. Firstly, shopping malls, parks and other places cannot refuse to accept cash payments. Then, as young people, we should help to teach them to use smartphones and become more familiar with the Internet.
【尾段】总结全文
综上所述，我们可以得出结论，这哥问题在未来很长一段时间内可能会持续。现在是我们采取有效措施来解决问题的时候了。
Taking into account what has been argued, we can come to the conclusion that this problem is likely to maintain for quite a long time in the future. And it is high time that we took effective and efficient measures to solve the problem.
【参考范文】
How to Bridge the Digital Gap for the Elderly
In recent years, there exists such a question that, with the increasing development of technologies, the digital gap has reduced the social participation of the elderly, which has aroused great concern among people.
From my personal perspective, there are several methods to solve the problem. Firstly, shopping malls, parks and other places cannot refuse to accept cash payments. Then, as young people, we should help to teach them to use smartphones and become more familiar with the Internet.
Taking into account what has been argued, we can come to the conclusion that this problem is likely to maintain for quite a long time in the future. And it is high time that we took effective and efficient measures to solve the problem.
【参考模板】
In recent years, there exists such a question that, with the increasing development of … (短语), … (问题) has aroused great concern among people.
From my personal perspective, there are several methods to solve the problem. Firstly, … (方法1). Secondly, … (方法2). Last but not least, as young people, … (方法3).
Taking into account what has been argued, we can come to the conclusion that this problem is likely to maintain for quite a long time in the future. As far as I am concerned, it’s not hard to find that it is high time that we took effective and efficient measures to solve the problem.
内容
【定义】此类作文要求对某一事物或现象进行正反利弊分析
【行文思路】
首段：总述事物或现象
中间段：评述好处和弊端
尾段：评论总结
【写作技巧】万能句式 + 题目信息
利弊分析类
必备句式
【首段】总述事物或现象
近年来存在一个这样的问题/现象：……，这引起了人们的极大关注。但不同的人有不同的看法。
Nowadays/ In recent years, there exists such a question/ phenomenon that ... (句子), which has aroused great concern among people. Views vary from person to person.
Almost no one in China can fail to notice the question/ phenomenon that ... (句子), which has aroused great concern among people. Views vary from person to person.
利弊分析类
必备句式
【中间段】利弊论述（总-分）
Opinions are divided on whether it is good or not.
There is no denying that it has a lot of advantages. To begin with, … (好处1). In addition, … (好处2). However, just like each coin has two sides, there are also many disadvantages. For example, … (弊端1). Moreover, … (弊端2).
Some people are in favor of the idea that … (好处). They point out the fact that … (观点). However, just like each coin has two sides, others believes that … (弊端).
利弊分析类
必备句式
【中间段】万能利素材
挣钱
We can make some money to buy some meaningful and educational books.
培养兴趣、开头视野
Only by doing so can we cultivate our interests and broaden our horizons.
提高能力（交际、交流）
Not only our communication ability but also our interpersonal skills can be improved.
利弊分析类
必备句式
【中间段】万能利素材
享受生活
It gives you an opportunity to enjoy your life from a different point of view.
更加了解社会，成为更好的自己
It can help us know more about the society, so we can keep up with the pace of society and become better.
面对挑战、克服苦难、达成目标、实现梦想
It can teach us how to face challenges, overcome difficulties, achieve our goals and realizes our dreams.
利弊分析类
必备句式
【尾段】总结全文
Taking into account what has been argued, it’s not hard to find that … (句子).
As far as I am concerned/ In my opinion, …(句子).
利弊分析类
随着经济的发展，人们购物也变得日益频繁，但是不同的人对购物的态度却是不同的。在这个部分，请你以“Different Attitudes Towards Shopping”为题目写一篇的文章。内容包括：
（1）人们对购物态度不同；
（2）有人把购物看成一种乐趣，有人把购物看成一种任务；
（3）你的看法。
写作要求：
（1）词数不少于80。
（2）鼓励紧扣主题的适当发挥。
随着经济的发展，人们购物也变得日益频繁，但是不同的人对购物的态度却是不同的。在这个部分，请你以“Different Attitudes Towards Shopping”为题目写一篇的文章。内容包括：
（1）人们对购物态度不同；
（2）有人把购物看成一种乐趣，有人把购物看成一种任务；
（3）你的看法。
【行文思路】
首段——总述事物或现象
中间段——利弊分析（总-分）
尾段——总结全文，并提出自己的看法
【首段】总述事物或现象
近年来，存在这样一种现象，随着社会和经济的发展，购物已经成为社会的热门话题。但是对这个问题的看法因人而异。
In recent years, there exists such a phenomenon that, with the development of society and economy, shopping has become a hot topic in the society. But views on this issue vary from person to person.
【中间段】利弊分析
人们对它是好是坏意见不一。有些人把购物当作一种爱好。他们认为购物很有趣。然而，其他人只是认为购物总是占用太多的时间和精力，所以他们认为这种活动既无聊又累人。
Opinions are divided on whether it is good or not. Some people regard shopping as a hobby. They believe shopping is very interesting. However, others just think going shopping always takes up too much time and energy, so they argue that this activity is boring and tiring.
【尾段】总结全文
在我看来，理性购物可以丰富我们的生活。如果我们购物得当，购物真的可以增强我们的幸福感。
From my point of view, shopping rationally can enrich our life and sometimes it even reshapes our way of life. I think if we shop properly, shopping really can enhance our sense of happiness.
【参考范文】
Different Attitudes Towards Shopping
In recent years, there exists such a phenomenon that, with the development of society and economy, shopping has become a hot topic in the society. But views on this issue vary from person to person.
Opinions are divided on whether it is good or not. Some people regard shopping as a hobby. They believe shopping is very interesting. However, others just think going shopping always takes up too much time and energy, so they argue that this activity is boring and tiring.
From my point of view, shopping rationally can enrich our life and sometimes it even reshapes our way of life. I think if we shop properly, shopping really can enhance our sense of happiness.
【参考模板】
In recent years, there exists such a phenomenon that, with the development of society and economy, … (事物或现象). But views on this issue vary from person to person.
Opinions are divided on whether it is good or not. There is no denying that it has a lot of advantages. To begin with, … (好处1). In addition, … (好处2). However, just like each coin has two sides, there are also many disadvantages. For example, … (弊端1). Moreover, … (弊端2).
Taking into account what has been argued, it’s not hard to find that… (句子). As far as I am concerned/ In my opinion… (句子).
内容
【定义】此类作文要求对某一观点进行论述
【行文思路】
首段：（背景介绍 +）提出观点
中间段：论证观点
尾段：总结归纳
【写作技巧】万能句式 + 题目信息
观点论证类
必备句式
【首段】提出观点
近年来存在一个这样的观点：……，引起了人们的极大关注。
Nowadays/ In recent years, there exists such an opinion/ a view that ... (句子), which has aroused great concern among people.
Almost no one in China can fail to notice the opinion/ view that ... (句子), which has aroused great concern among people.
观点论证类
必备句式
【中间段】具体论据
总起句
原因如下。The specific reasons are as follows.
分点论述
First and foremost/ Firstly/ First of all, 论据1
In addition/ Secondly/ What’s more, 论据2
Last but not least/ Finally, 论据3
观点论证类
必备句式
【尾段】总结全文
Taking into account what has been argued, it’s not hard to find that… (句子).
As far as I am concerned/ In my opinion, l firmly support the view that... (观点).
观点论证类
请以“Reusing Textbooks”为题，写一篇不少于80词的英文文章。内容包括：
（1）有人认为课本应当反复使用；
（2）这样做的好处与影响；
（3）你的看法。
【行文思路】
首段——（背景介绍 +）提出观点
中段——论证观点（总-分）
尾段——总结归纳
【首段】提出观点
众所周知，当学生毕业时，他们的大部分课本经常被扔掉。这是对资源的浪费。因此，一些人认为教科书应该被重复使用。
It is well known that when students graduate, most of their textbooks are often thrown away. This is a waste of resources. As a result, some people think that textbooks should be reused.
【中间段】论述观点
具体原因如下。首先，教学书籍再利用，这可以避免很多浪费。二是教材的重复使用会降低成本。第三，更多的二手教科书的再利用将节省大量的自然资源。
The specific reasons are as follows. To begin with, textbooks can be reused, which can avoid a lot of waste. Second, the repeated use of textbooks will reduce the cost. Thirdly, the reuse of more second-hand textbooks will save a lot of natural resources.
【尾段】总结归纳
总之，在我看来，我们应该提倡重复使用教科书。一方面，学生可以在书上花更少的钱。另一方面，它可以帮助学生提高珍惜自然资源的意识。
To sum up, in my opinion, we should advocate the reuse of textbooks. For one thing, students can spend less on books. For another, it can help raise students’ awareness to cherish natural.
【参考范文】
Reusing Textbooks
It is well known that when students graduate, most of their textbooks are often thrown away. This is a waste of resources. As a result, some people think that textbooks should be reused.
The specific reasons are as follows. To begin with, textbooks can be reused, which can avoid a lot of waste. Second, the repeated use of textbooks will reduce the cost. Thirdly, the reuse of more second-hand textbooks will save a lot of natural resources.
To sum up, in my opinion, we should advocate the reuse of textbooks. For one thing, students can spend less on books. For another, it can help raise students’ awareness to cherish natural resources.
【参考模板】
It is well known that … (引入) . As a result, some people think that … (观点).
The specific reasons are as follows. To begin with, … (论据1). The second is that … (论据2). And thirdly, … (论据3), which is beneficial/ harm to… (主题).
To sum up, in my opinion, we should … (我的观点). For one thing, … (影响) . For another, it can… (影响).
议论文小结
记叙文
【定义】以叙述和描写呈现人物活动及事件过程的体裁
【内容类型】
写人：对人物的经历、活动或者性格特征进行叙述（注意肖像描写、行动描写、语言描写、心理描写，以及对细节的描写）
记事：对某一事件的发生、发展过程和结果进行叙述（注意描写的先后顺序、记事的完整性，并把握好事情的开始、发展、高潮及结局）
状物：注意景物的主要特征，景物描写的层次，以及人与物的情感交融
记叙文
【行文要素】
六大要素，即五个W和一个H：时间（when）、地点（where）、人物（who）、事件（what）、原因（why）和结果（how）；也可以将这六大要素概括为时间（time）、地点（place）、人物（character）、事件的原因（cause）、经过（process）和结果（effect）
注意描写的先后顺序、记事的完整性，并把握好事情的开始、发展、高潮及结局
记叙文
【行文思路】
首段：背景或介绍引出全文
中间段：具体叙述细节
尾段：总结全文
记叙文
【写作要领】
写作视角
写作时态
动词使用的连贯性
写作顺序
记叙文
【写作视角】第一人称 &第三人称
第一人称：是写作者以当事人的口气来叙述，是一种主观表现手法，给读者一种亲切自然的感觉。由于作者是以叙述亲身经历的方式表达自己的思想情感，更能引起读者共鸣
e.g. The other day, I was driving along the street. Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast. I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side. But it was too late. The car hit my bike and I fell off it.
记叙文
【写作视角】第一人称 &第三人称
第三人称：写作者从旁观者角度来叙述事件，是客观的表现手法，能够充分反映事件中各个人的感受与见解，从整体的视角来叙述事件，文章客观性强
e.g. Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard. On the way，he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover. Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her，but he was too short. What could he do Then he had a good idea.
记叙文
【写作时态】
一般情况多用过去时态
客观描述时现在时态
人物对话时需要用直接引语，时态选择需依托现在语境
灵活运用
记叙文
【写作时态】
【例】Wang Nan, a world champion in ping-pong, is 1.62 meters tall with a weight of 54 kilograms. She was born in Liaoning Province in October 1978. She began to play ping-pong at the age of seven, She played in Liaoning Team for three years before she came to the national team in 1993. She trained hard and got along well with her teammates. Wang Nan has won scores of gold medals in international table-tennis games and won great honor for our motherland.
记叙文
【写作时态】
【句1】Wang Nan, a world champion in ping-pong, is 1.62 meters tall with a weight of 54 kilograms.
客观描述，介绍王楠的基本情况，用一般现在时
记叙文
【写作时态】
【句2&3&4】She was born in Liaoning Province in October 1978. She began to play ping-pong at the age of seven, She played in Liaoning Team for three years before she came to the national team in 1993. She trained hard and got along well with her teammates.
介绍她的成长经历，用的是过去时
记叙文
【写作时态】
【句5】Wang Nan has won scores of gold medals in international table-tennis games and won great honor for our motherland.
叙述她所取得的成就，又转换到现在语境，用现在完成时
记叙文
【动词使用的连贯性】
为了刻画人物个性，表现真情实感，记叙文经常需要使用动词来突出过程与变化，在许多动作交替出现的情况下，一定要注意动词使用的连贯性，使文字表达简洁明了，一气呵成
e.g. Without hesitation, I dialed “120”. It was not long before an ambulance arrived. One roommate brought a blanket for him, and another helped him in the ambulance.
记叙文
【写作顺序】
顺叙最容易操作，较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索，但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙，读起来平淡乏味
倒叙、插叙等表达方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果，让所叙之事跌宕起伏，使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃，从而为文章所吸引，深入其中
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法
记叙文
【分析】
【中文大意】我在厨房做东西时听到有声音，我以为有人在敲门。我问是谁，但没人回答。过了一会儿，我看见我的猫跑过客厅，才意识到是发出的声音。
【英文1】I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something. Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front. I thought maybe someone was knocking the door. I asked who it was but I heard no reply. After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor. I realized it was the cat. I felt released.
记叙文
【分析】
【中文大意】我在厨房做东西时听到有声音，我以为有人在敲门。我问是谁，但没人回答。过了一会儿，我看见我的猫跑过客厅，才意识到是发出的声音。
【英文2】I was in the kitchen cooking something. “Crash!” a loud noise came from the front. Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, “Who ” No reply. After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor. “It’s you.” I said, quite released.
记叙文
【行文思路】
明确中心思想、确定写作框架
构思文章脉络、选取写作素材——紧紧围绕五个W和一个H
注意写作要领
记叙文
【注意事项】
要写比较了解的人或事物
认真审题，看准题目要求
描述要详略得当
写作时长短句结合，留意连接词的运用
叙述要生动
记叙文
【范文赏析】 My Best Friend
Upon reading the expression “best friend”, a figure Jumps into my mind, Zhang Ye, my schoolmate in high school. During the three years in high school, we shared countless moments of laughter and tears.
She is of medium height and slim figure. Though not strong, she is really a girl with amazing perseverance. Despite the similarities in our outlook on life and living, it is always she, the physically weaker one, who encouraged and urged me to finish some tasks when I was about to give up. When we were preparing for the exam, she cheered me up emotionally and gave me a hand whenever I was in trouble.
Without a doubt, Zhang Ye is really a true friend of mine. I believe the friendship between us will be the life-time beacon for both of us.
记叙文
【范文赏析】
【段1】Upon reading the expression “best friend”, a figure Jumps into my mind， Zhang Ye, my schoolmate in high school. During the three years in high school, we shared countless moments of laughter and tears.
总括两人关系，引起全文
记叙文
【范文赏析】
【段2】She is of medium height and slim figure. Though not strong, she is really a girl with amazing perseverance. Despite the similarities in our outlook on life and living, it is always she, the physically weaker one, who encouraged and urged me to finish some tasks when I was about to give up. When we were preparing for the exam, she cheered me up emotionally and gave me a hand whenever I was in trouble.
通过叙述具体事例表现人物性格特点
记叙文
【范文赏析】
【段3】Without a doubt, Zhang Ye is really a true friend of mine. I believe the friendship between us will be the life-time beacon for both of us.
陈述了自己对友谊真谛的感悟，总结全文
记叙文
每个人都有他/她难忘的经历。它可能是快乐的，悲伤的，激动的，甜蜜的，感动的……请以“我最难忘的经历（My Most Memorable Experience）”为题写一篇不少于80词的作文，内容包括：
（1）陈述你最难忘的经历是什么；
（2）描述你经历的过程；
（3）陈述你从中学到了什么
【行文思路】
首段：背景或介绍引出全文
中间段：具体叙述细节
尾段：总结全文
【首段】背景或介绍引出全文
当提起最难忘的经历的时候，首先进入我脑海的是我第一次一个人到日本旅行。
When it comes to the most memorable experience, the first one that comes into my mind is the first time to travel to Japan by myself.
【中间段】具体叙述细节
在旅行期间，我参观了许多著名的地标性建筑，包括古老的寺庙和繁华的城市。但给人留下深刻印象的不仅仅是那些景色。在这次旅行中，我面临着语言障碍等挑战，但每一个障碍都教会了我适应力和独立性。
During my stay, I visited many famous landmarks, including the ancient temples and bustling cities. But it was not just the sights that left a lasting impression. On this trip, I faced challenges such as the language barrier on this trip, but each obstacle taught me about resilience and independence.
【尾段】总结全文
这次经历不仅开阔了我的视野，也教会了我走出舒适区的重要性。这真是一次令人难忘的经历。
This experience not only broadened my horizons, but also taught me the importance of stepping out of my comfort zone. It was really an unforgettable experience.
【参考范文】 My Most Memorable Experience
When it comes to the most memorable experience, the first one that comes into my mind is the first time to travel to Japan by myself.
During my stay, I visited many famous landmarks, including the ancient temples and bustling cities. But it was not just the sights that left a lasting impression. On this trip, I faced challenges such as the language barrier on this trip, but each obstacle taught me about resilience and independence.
This experience not only broadened my horizons, but also taught me the importance of stepping out of my comfort zone. It was really an unforgettable experience.
说明文
【定义】以说明为主要表达方式，用简洁明了的语言来解释说明事物，阐明事理，从而给读者提供知识的一种文体
【行文要求】语言简明扼要、通俗易懂，说明过程讲究层次性和条理性
【写作视角】通常用第三人称
【写作时态】以一般现在时为主
说明文
【行文思路】
首段：提出文章主题（文章想要阐述、说明的内容）
中间段：展开说明文章主题
尾段：总结归纳
说明文
【常见说明方法】
罗列法
举例法
比较法
定义法
顺序法
分类法
说明文
罗列法
【定义】在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，second, …and final1y加以罗列说明
【例1】There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all, …Second1y, …And finally, …
【例2】We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons. First of all, …Secondly, …And finally, …
说明文
罗列法
【赏析】 Early Rising (早起)
Early rising is helpful in more than one way.
First, it helps to keep us fit (健康). We all need fresh air. But air is never so fresh as early in the morning. Besides, we can do good to our health from doing morning exercise (做早操).
说明对象
罗列一
First
说明文
罗列法
【赏析】 Early Rising (早起)
Secondly, early rising helps us in our studies. We learn more quickly in the morning, and find it easier to remember what we 1earn in the morning.
Thirdly, early rising enables (使能够) us to plan the work of the day. We cannot work well without a good plan. Just as the plan for the year should be made in the spring, so the plan for the day should be made in the morning.
罗列二
Secondly
罗列三
Thirdly
说明文
罗列法
【赏析】 Early Rising (早起)
Fourthly, early rising gives us enough time to get ready for our work, such as to wash our faces and hands and eat our breakfast proper1y.
Late risers may find it very difficult to form the habit of early rising. They ought to make special efforts to do so. As the English proverb says, “Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.”
罗列四
Fourthly
总结归纳
说明文
举例法
【定义】举例法是用具体的例子来说明要表达的意思
【常见表达】for example、for instance、still another example is…等
说明文
举例法
【赏析】 Recreation (娱乐)
It is impossible to keep in good health unless we take enough recreation. The mind, too, needs change to make it fresh and vigorous (有活力的). There is much truth in the old saying, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.”
说明对象
说明文
举例法
【赏析】
There are many games which boys and girls can play after their school work is done, for instance, football, tennis, and kite-f1ying. Other examples of recreation are boating fishing, gardening, cycling, walking, chess-playing, and reading. Persons who sit much at their business should take a kind of recreation that will supply their muscles (肌肉) with exercise. Those who spend most of their time in the open air and do manual work (体力活) should adopt (采纳) reading or some other quiet form of recreation.
for instance
Other examples
举例说明
说明文
比较法
【定义】对两个对象进行比较，从而进行说明的写作手法
【类型及常见表达】
比较不同点：however、on the other hand、in contrast、but、nevertheless等
比较相同点：similarly、also、too、in the same case、in spite of the difference等
说明文
举例法
【赏析1】 European Football and American Football
Although European football is the parent of American football, the two games show several major differences. European football, sometimes called association football or soccer, is played in 80 countries, making it the most widely played sport in the wor1d. American footbal1, on the other hand, is popular only in North America (the United States and Canada). Soccer is played by eleven players with a round ball. Football, also played by eleven players in somewhat different positions (位置) on the field, is played with an elongated (拉长的) round ball. Soccer has little body contact (接触）between players and therefore needs no special protective equipment. Football, in which players make the greatest use of body contact to stop a running ball-carrier and his teammates, needs special protective equipment. In soccer, the ball is advanced toward the goal by kicking it or by butting (顶) it with the head. In American football, on the other hand, the ball is passed from hand to hand or carried in the hands across the opponent’s (对手) goal. These are just a few of the features which distinguish (区别) association and American football.
说明文
举例法
【赏析1】 European Football and American Football
Although European football is the parent of American football, the two games show several major differences.
【参考译文】虽然欧洲足球是美式足球的始祖，但这两项运动有几个主要的区别。
说明对象
说明文
举例法
【赏析1】 European Football and American Football
European football, sometimes called association football or soccer, is played in 80 countries, making it the most widely played sport in the world. American football, on the other hand, is popular only in North America (the United States and Canada).
【参考译文】欧洲足球，有时被称为协会足球或足球，在80个国家进行，使其成为世界上最广泛的运动。另一方面，美式足球只在北美(美国和加拿大)流行。
范围比较
说明文
举例法
【赏析1】 European Football and American Football
Soccer is played by eleven players with a round ball. Football, also played by eleven players in somewhat different positions (位置) on the field, is played with an elongated (拉长的) round ball.
【参考译文】 Soccer是由11名球员用一个圆球踢的。 Football也是由11名球员在场上不同的位置上进行的，比赛时使用一个细长的圆球。
人员比较
说明文
举例法
【赏析1】 European Football and American Football
Soccer has little body contact (接触) between players and therefore needs no special protective equipment. Football, in which players make the greatest use of body contact to stop a running ball-carrier and his teammates, needs special protective equipment. In soccer, the ball is advanced toward the goal by kicking it or by butting (顶) it with the head. In American football, on the other hand, the ball is passed from hand to hand or carried in the hands across the opponent’s (对手) goal.
【参考译文】足球运动员之间几乎没有身体接触，因此不需要特殊的防护装备。在足球运动中，运动员最大限度地利用身体接触来阻止奔跑的持球者及其队友，因此需要特殊的防护装备。在足球比赛中，通过踢球或用头撞球将球推向球门。
规则比较
说明文
举例法
【赏析1】 European Football and American Football
These are just a few of the features which distinguish (区别) association and American football.
【参考译文】这就是区别英式足球和美式足球的一些特征。
总结
比较不同点
说明文
举例法
【赏析2】 From Paragraph to Essay
Although they are different in length (长度), the paragraph and the essay are quite similar in structure (结构). For example, the paragraph starts with either a topic sentence (主题句) or a topic introducer followed by a topic sentence. In the essay, the first paragraph sets up the topic focus (主题所在). Next, the sentences in the body of a paragraph develop the topic sentence. Similarly, the body of an essay consists of a number of paragraphs that discuss and support the ideas given in the introductory (引导的) paragraph. Finally, a concluding sentence (结束句) — whether a restatement, conclusion, or observation — ends the paragraph. The essay, too, has a concluding paragraph which ends the essay logically and satisfactorily. Although there are some exceptions (例外) most well written expository (说明文的) paragraphs and essays are similar in structure.
说明文
举例法
【赏析2】 From Paragraph to Essay
Although they are different in length (长度), the paragraph and the essay are quite similar in structure (结构).
【参考译文】虽然段落和文章的长度不同，但它们在结构上非常相似。
说明对象
说明文
举例法
【赏析2】 From Paragraph to Essay
For example, the paragraph starts with either a topic sentence (主题句) or a topic introducer followed by a topic sentence. In the essay, the first paragraph sets up the topic focus (主题所在).
【参考译文】例如，一个段落以一个主题句开始，或者一个主题介绍，然后是一个主题句。在文章中，第一段确立了主题焦点。
相似点一
说明文
举例法
【赏析2】 From Paragraph to Essay
Next, the sentences in the body of a paragraph develop the topic sentence. Similarly, the body of an essay consists of a number of paragraphs that discuss and support the ideas given in the introductory (引导的) paragraph.
【参考译文】接下来，段

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