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2026江苏省中职英语二轮专题
阅读理解
讲师aaa
2.为什么学阅读理解？
1.什么是阅读理解？
3.怎么学阅读理解？
思考
【考查形式】 一般为阅读选择、阅读翻译和阅读填空三种
a小节：阅读选择，会给出三篇文章，每篇文章后各有4~6个小题，要求考生从题后所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中选出最佳答案最佳答案
b小节：阅读翻译，阅读理解b篇和c篇中有2个带下划线的句子，需要考生根据上下文将它们翻译成中文，总词数40词左右
c小节：阅读填空，会给出一篇文章，需要考生在短文后表格中的空格处填入一个恰当的词，并将答案写在答题卡上对应处，每空一词
什么是阅读理解？
【题型1示例】
It was a warm fall day as I pulled open my front door, hurrying to pick up someone from somewhere, which is my daily existence as a mother of four kids. As I rushed toward my car, there was a car parked in front of my house and a woman was pulling a book from my Little Free Library, a sort of public bookcase in my front yard.
Not wanting to scare her off, I didn’t move. She looked up and spotted me. “I just love your library,” she said. It’s like a stranger telling you how lovely your kid is. A big smile spread across my face. “Take as many as you want,” I replied.
什么是阅读理解？
【题型1示例】
I’ve always loved to read. When I was a little girl, my parents wrote to all my favorite writers to tell them what a fan I was and they sent back thank-you cards and signed books. I’ve been a member of a book club for at least 14 years, and heavy boxes of books have followed me on every move.
This library was a special gift for me. Last February, my family members “surprised me” with a Little Free Library for my birthday. It is actually a book-sharing shelf, where visitors can take a book and don’t have to return it or leave anything in exchange.
什么是阅读理解？
【题型1示例】
The library, standing between my mailbox and my neighbor’s, officially opened on April 26, 2021. On that day a lot of my neighbors came, excited and supportive. Encouraged by this, I wanted it to attract more attention. I took pictures of the library, posted them online, and mentioned it to everyone I came across, basically hoping for more and more visitors to come and have fun in reading.
什么是阅读理解？
【题型1示例】
36. What can we learn from Paragraph 1
37. What does the underlined word “spotted” in Paragraph 2 mean
38. Whenever the author moves, she will surely ______.
39. What do we know about the bookcase
40. The author ran the library to ______.
什么是阅读理解？
【题型1示例】
36. What can we learn from Paragraph 1
A．A woman stole a book.
B．The author was a busy mother.
C．A woman was driving away.
D．The author worked in a library.
什么是阅读理解？
【题型2示例】
在本节中，你将读到两个分别来自阅读理解B篇和C篇中有下划线的句子，请根据上下文将它们翻译成中文，并将答案写在答题卡上对应处
1. But the rubbish from cities can be collected and taken away; this isn’t true for the rubbish on cruise ships.
2. Sometimes a fake news story can have some truth to it, but most of the facts and figures are made up.
什么是阅读理解？
【题型3示例】
When you have to meet someone from a different culture, be prepared. If you understand cultural differences, you’ll be a better communicator — even before you open your mouth!
In many Western cultures, men stand up before they are introduced to someone important. Standing up shows politeness and respect. After that, someone will usually offer to shake hands. But in the East, typical introductions often begin and end with bowing rather than shaking hands.
什么是阅读理解？
【题型3示例】
Now, let’s look at the simple introduction of shaking hands. Americans like a firm handshake. But the French prefer a light, short handshake. If you shake a Frenchman’s hand the American way, he may think you’re uncultured.
People in Eastern European countries and some Latino cultures prefer shorter handshakes, too. Hugging after shaking hands is also a common introduction. Don’t be scared or offended if you meet someone in Brazil and he gives you a hug. If you misinterpret this gesture, your friendship may not start well!
什么是阅读理解？
【题型3示例】
The proper customs for eye contact vary between cultures, too. Westerners appreciate regular eye contact during conversations. Refusing to look a Westerner in the eye may be understood as lack of trust, or maybe boredom. But in some African countries, too much eye contact can offend or sometimes have romantic meanings. Some people in Middle Eastern countries may appear to have their eyes half-closed while talking to you. Although it might seem like they’re tired or bored, such behavior is normal and should not be taken personally.
什么是阅读理解？
【题型3示例】
Passage outline Supporting details
Importance of understanding cultural differences ·With the knowledge of cultural differences, you can 59 more smoothly and effectively.
Different responses to introduction ·Westerners usually stand up and then shake hands with each other.
·Easterners often 60 to each other.
Different ways of handshake ·Americans like to shake hands 61 .
·Frenchman like a light and short handshake.
Different meanings of hug ·Brazilians like to give you a hug, which may be offensive in your culture.
什么是阅读理解？
重点考查内容
【考查能力】 主要考查迅速查找文中具体信息，推理、判断所读内容，依据上下文猜测某个单词或词组的意思，理解文章的主旨，理解作者的观点、态度和写作意图等方面的能力
为什么学阅读理解？
怎么学阅读理解？
阅读选择
01
阅读选择
【考查类型】
理解主旨要义
理解文中具体信息
根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义
推断语篇中的隐含意义
理解文章的基本结构
理解作者的意图、观点和态度
细节信息题
推理判断题
词/句义猜测题
主旨大意题
必备知识
【分析】
It was a warm fall day as I pulled open my front door, hurrying to pick up someone from somewhere, which is my daily existence as a mother of four kids. As I rushed toward my car, there was a car parked in front of my house and a woman was pulling a book from my Little Free Library, a sort of public bookcase in my front yard.
What can we learn from Paragraph 1
A．A woman stole a book.
B．The author was a busy mother.
C．A woman was driving away.
D．The author worked in a library.
有哪些要素呢？
必备知识
【分析】
It was a warm fall day as I pulled open my front door, hurrying to pick up someone from somewhere, which is my daily existence as a mother of four kids. As I rushed toward my car, there was a car parked in front of my house and a woman was pulling a book from my Little Free Library, a sort of public bookcase in my front yard.
36. What can we learn from Paragraph 1
A．A woman stole a book
B．The author was a busy mother.
C．A woman was driving away.
D．The author worked in a library.
三要素：文章 & 题干 & 选项
必备知识
一、文章
中西思维方式差异：
【西式】直线型思维模式
【中式】螺旋型思维模式
This library was a special gift for me. Last February, my family members “surprised me” with a Little Free Library for my birthday. It is actually a book-sharing shelf, where visitors can take a book and don’t have to return it or leave anything in exchange.
尊敬的各位领导，各位来宾亲爱的同学们，大家上午好!喷薄的朝阳，诉说青春的希望，沸腾的校园，升腾激昂的梦想，伴着铿锵的脚步，运动健儿一步步前进，他们是祖国的未来，他们是祖国的希望，看，前进的风帆已经鼓起，潇洒的健儿斗志昂扬，目标更高更远，脚步更快更强。下面我宣布本届秋季运动会现在开幕。
要素分析
一、文章
【西式】直线型思维模式
【例】Food choices have little to do with hunger. You may eat what your friends eat. You may use food to identify yourself as a member of a group. Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu, just to show that they can afford them. Expensive food, like an expensive car, can help to make some people feel important. Low-cost menu choices may be just as good dishes.
要素分析
一、文章
【西式】直线型思维模式
【例】Food choices have little to do with hunger. You may eat what your friends eat. You may use food to identify yourself as a member of a group. Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu, just to show that they can afford them. Expensive food, like an expensive car, can help to make some people feel important. Low-cost menu choices may be just as good dishes.
开门见山
要素分析
一、文章
【分析】
1. Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu because ______.
2. According to Paragraph 1, illegal cutting of forest trees leads to ______.
3. Why did the writer continue to walk Misty while Joe was in hospital
要素分析
一、文章
【分析】
1. Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu because ______.
2. According to Paragraph 1, illegal cutting of forest trees leads to ______.
3. Why did the writer continue to walk Misty while Joe was in hospital
逻辑关系
要素分析
一、文章
【易出题点】逻辑关系处
转折：but, however, in fact, actually, as a matter of fact
因果：since, because, for, result in/ cause/ lead to (导致), result from (起因于), so, thus, therefore
举例：for example, for instance, such as
让步：although, though
Aha Moment
【其他易出题点】
最高级处：most
特殊标点处：“!”“ ”“——” “ “ ” ”
要素分析
一、文章
【易出题点】逻辑关系处
【例1】 According to Paragraph 3, why was that day unforgettable
【例2】Why does Jacky record her running online
【例3】Not enough tourism can lead to ______.
要素分析
一、文章
【易出题点】逻辑关系处
【例1】 According to Paragraph 3, why was that day unforgettable
【例2】Why does Jacky record her running online
【例3】Not enough tourism can lead to ______.
因果
因果
因果
要素分析
二、题干
【分析】
What can be inferred from Paragraph 2
When did the story come to its turning point
What does the underlined word “spotted” mean
What is the best title for the passage
推断推理
【推理判断题】
【细节信息题】
【词/句义猜测题】
【主旨大意题】
文章主旨
要素分析
三、选项
【选项示例】
31. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2
A．The writer didn’t want to walk Misty at first.
B．Misty didn’t like the writer because she was stupid.
C．Misty could solve math problems.
D．No one walked Misty the first day.
有哪些特征呢？
要素分析
三、选项
【正确选项特征】
位置特征：选项在精确定位区域
内容特征：正确答案往往和原文有同义替换（或完全一样）
要素分析
三、选项
【例】The author was late for the company’s ______.
A．annual dinner B．New Year party
C．annual meeting D．fancy dress party
【原文】I know how disappointed you must be with my arriving late at our company’s annual dinner last night. It is really unfortunate that it has happened and I offer you my most humble apologies.
A
annual dinner
要素分析
三、选项
【错误选项特征】
位置特征：不在精确定位区域，不论正确与否，无需验证，直接排除
内容特征：① 带all, completely, only等绝对化词的选项要注意
② 两个选项意义相近，多有干扰项
③ 两个选项意义相反，概率出答案
要素分析
要素分析小结
必备知识小结
阅读选择
题型讲解
【出题规律】
常用 wh-/ how等特殊疑问词提问文章具体信息
e.g. What did the father expect Galileo to be
题干中具体信息挖空
e.g. Some people order the most expensive dishes on
a menu because ______.
怎么做题呢？
细节信息题
【解题技巧】
找：阅读题干，找关键词
定：返回文中，精确定位
得：对比选项，得出答案
Aha Moment
【关键词特征】
1. 特殊词：数词、专有名词、连字符词、引号词、概念词
2. 普通名词（短语）：优先选易成为句子主干的名词短语
3. 动词短语：原词或同义替换词
4. 特殊必选词：形容词的比较级和最高级、情态动词、动词的特殊时态表达
Aha Moment
【定位处特征】与文章重合度高
细节信息题
【解题技巧】
找：阅读题干，找关键词
定：返回文中，精确定位
得：对比选项，得出答案
Aha Moment
【注意事项】
返回原文，找出命题句
精读原句，不要进行任何推理，直接比对选项得答案
如果命题句看不懂，则根据最近的上下句理解
细节信息题
【正确答案特征】
往往与原文一致
与原文有多处词汇、短语和分句的同义替换
【错误答案特征】
无中生有：与原文内容相关，符合常识，但原文未提及
偷换概念：如偷换主语等
答非所问：选项内容正确，但没有回答出所提问题
细节信息题
细节信息题
【例1】What did the father expect Galileo to be
A．A doctor. 　　　　
B．A teacher.
C．An inventor. 　　　
D．A mathematician.
细节信息题
【例1】What did the father expect Galileo to be
A．A doctor. 　　　　 B．A teacher.
C．An inventor. 　　　D．A mathematician.
【原文】Galileo Galilei was born in 1564. He was born in the town of Pisa, in what is now Italy. When he was 20 years old, he was studying in Pisa. Galileo was bored with school. The only subject he really liked was math. Because he was doing well in math, the court mathematician (数学家) offered to teach him privately. He said Galileo could become an excellent mathematician. However, Galileo’s father wanted him to be a doctor.
细节信息题
【例1】What did the father expect Galileo to be
A．A doctor. 　　　　 B．A teacher.
C．An inventor. 　　　D．A mathematician.
【原文】Galileo Galilei was born in 1564. He was born in the town of Pisa, in what is now Italy. When he was 20 years old, he was studying in Pisa. Galileo was bored with school. The only subject he really liked was math. Because he was doing well in math, the court mathematician (数学家) offered to teach him privately. He said Galileo could become an excellent mathematician. However, Galileo’s father wanted him to be a doctor.
细节信息题
【例1】What did the father expect Galileo to be
A．A doctor. 　　　　
B．A teacher.
C．An inventor. 　　　
D．A mathematician.
【原文】However, Galileo’s father wanted him to be a doctor.
细节信息题
【例1】What did the father expect Galileo to be
A．A doctor. 　　　　
B．A teacher.
C．An inventor. 　　　
D．A mathematician.
细节信息题
【例2】Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu because ______.
A．there are no cheap ones
B．expensive dishes are popular
C．they want to show they are rich
D．they want to treat their friends better
细节信息题
【例2】Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu because ______.
A．there are no cheap ones
B．expensive dishes are popular
C．they want to show they are rich
D．they want to treat their friends better
细节信息题
Food choices have little to do with hunger. You may eat what your friends eat. You may use food to identify yourself as a member of a group. Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu, just to show that they can afford them. Expensive food, like an expensive car, can help to make some people feel important. Low-cost menu choices may be just as good dishes.
Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu because ______.
细节信息题
Food choices have little to do with hunger. You may eat what your friends eat. You may use food to identify yourself as a member of a group. Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu, just to show that they can afford them. Expensive food, like an expensive car, can help to make some people feel important. Low-cost menu choices may be just as good dishes.
Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu because ______.
细节信息题
【例2】Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu because ______.
A．there are no cheap ones
B．expensive dishes are popular
C．they want to show they are rich
D．they want to treat their friends better
【原文】 Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu, just to show that they can afford them.
细节信息题
【例2】Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu because ______.
A．there are no cheap ones
B．expensive dishes are popular
C．they want to show they are rich
D．they want to treat their friends better
细节信息题小结
【做题方法】
找：阅读题干，找关键词
定：返回文中，精确定位
得：对比选项，得出答案
【解题技巧】
返回原文，找出命题句
精读原句，不要进行任何推理，直接比对选项得答案
如果命题句看不懂，则根据最近的上下句理解
正确答案往往与原文一致，或有多处词汇、短语和分句的同义替换
细节信息题小结
【正确选项特征】
选项在精确定位区域
正确答案往往和原文有同义替换（或完全一样）
【错误选项特征】
无中生有：与原文内容相关，符合常识，但原文未提及
偷换概念：如偷换主语等
答非所问：选项内容正确，但没有回答出所提问题
1. What opened up a new world for me when I was 15 years old
A．A movie I watched.
B．My first job as a singer.
C．A record.
D．The beginning of my love affair.
1. What opened up a new world for me when I was 15 years old
A．A movie I watched.
B．My first job as a singer.
C．A record.
D．The beginning of my love affair.
1. What opened up a new world for me when I was 15 years old
A．A movie I watched.
B．My first job as a singer.
C．A record.
D．The beginning of my love affair.
【原文】When I was about 15, I bought my first record. It started a love affair. It opened up a whole new world to me.
1. What opened up a new world for me when I was 15 years old
A．A movie I watched.
B．My first job as a singer.
C．A record.
D．The beginning of my love affair.
2. John used to ______ when he was asked to study.
A．start at once
B．put off his homework
C．work hard on schoolwork
D．carry in wood for the stove
2. John used to ______ when he was asked to study.
A．start at once
B．put off his homework
C．work hard on schoolwork
D．carry in wood for the stove
【原文】 One day when I suggested that he might start on his homework before dinner, John, who always put things off, said, “You’re right. I guess I will.”
2. John used to ______ when he was asked to study.
A．start at once
B．put off his homework
C．work hard on schoolwork
D．carry in wood for the stove
【原文】 One day when I suggested that he might start on his homework before dinner, John, who always put things off, said, “You’re right. I guess I will.”
2. John used to ______ when he was asked to study.
A．start at once
B．put off his homework
C．work hard on schoolwork
D．carry in wood for the stove
题型讲解
考查根据文章所述内容进行推理和判断的能力
在读懂原文的基础上对文中的一些具体细节进行推理判断
推理判断题
【出题规律】
It is implied (暗示、意味着) in paragraph x...
What can be inferred (推断、推论) from paragraph x.
What does ... suggest (暗示)/ show
What do we know about/ can we know from…
细节推理题
【解题技巧】
找：阅读题干，找关键词
定：返回文中，精确定位
得：对比选项，得出答案
【注意事项】
no 推 no die
最佳答案往往是原文信息的同义转述
有时需要挖掘文中隐藏的重要线索，尤其是代词指代和逻辑关系（因果、转折、让步、否定、对比等）
Aha Moment
【错误答案特征】
与原文相关，符合常识，但原文并未出现
过度推理，无中生有
细节推理题
细节推理题
【例】What can be inferred about Guardians
A．They can locate the tree cutting site.
B．They help White make much money.
C．They produce noise to stop tree cutting.
D．They drive away wildlife from treetops.
细节推理题
【例】What can be inferred about Guardians
A．They can locate the tree cutting site.
B．They help White make much money.
C．They produce noise to stop tree cutting.
D．They drive away wildlife from treetops.
细节推理题
【例】What can be inferred about Guardians
A．They can locate the tree cutting site. 他们能定位砍树的地点。
B．They help White make much money. 他们帮怀特赚了很多钱。
C．They produce noise to stop tree cutting. 他们制造噪音来阻止砍伐树木。
D．They drive away wildlife from treetops. 他们把野生动物从树梢赶走。
细节推理题
【原文】Over the next few months, White created a piece of warning equipment called “Guardian”. Fixed on treetops, Guardians can pick up the sound of cutting machine from as far as two thirds of a mile away. When a Guardian catches a sound of cutting trees, it sends an alarm to forest guards, indicating where the sound is coming from. The guards then set off to stop the illegal activity. “If you respond in time, there’s a chance that you can stop much of the tree cutting,” White said.
细节推理题
【参考译文】在接下来的几个月里，怀特发明了一种名为“守护者”的预警设备。“守卫者”固定在树梢上，可以听到三分之二英里外的地方传来的切割机的声音。当“守护者”捕捉到砍伐树木的声音时，它会向森林守卫发出警报，表明声音来自哪里。随后，警卫们出发去阻止这一非法活动。怀特说：“如果你及时做出反应，你就有可能阻止大部分的树木砍伐。”
细节推理题
【例】What can be inferred about Guardians
A．They can locate the tree cutting site. 他们能定位砍树的地点。
B．They help White make much money. 他们帮怀特赚了很多钱。
C．They produce noise to stop tree cutting. 他们制造噪音来阻止砍伐树木。
D．They drive away wildlife from treetops. 他们把野生动物从树梢赶走。
细节推理题
【例】What can be inferred about Guardians
A．They can locate the tree cutting site.
B．They help White make much money.
C．They produce noise to stop tree cutting.
D．They drive away wildlife from treetops.
细节推理题小结
【解题技巧】
找：阅读题干，找关键词
定：返回文中，精确定位
得：对比选项，得出答案
【注意事项】
no 推 no die
最佳答案往往是原文信息的同义转述
有时需要挖掘文中隐藏的重要线索，尤其是代词指代和逻辑关系（因果、转折、让步、否定、对比等）
1. We can infer from Paragraph 2 that Brownie 　　　 .
A．would eat anything when hungry
B．felt sorry for her mistake
C．loved playing hide-and-seek
D．disliked the author's dad
1. We can infer from Paragraph 2 that Brownie 　　　 .
A．would eat anything when hungry
B．felt sorry for her mistake
C．loved playing hide-and-seek
D．disliked the author's dad
细节推理
【原文】One day, as I was getting her food, she chewed up (咬破) one of Dad’s shoes, which had to be thrown away in the end. I knew Dad would be mad and I had to let her know what she did was wrong. When I looked at her and said, “Bad girl,” she looked down at the ground and then went and hid. I saw a tear in her eyes.
【参考译文】有一天，当我给她拿食物时，她咬坏了爸爸的一只鞋子，最后不得不扔掉。我知道爸爸会生气的，我必须让她知道她做错了。当我看着她说“坏女孩”时，她低下头看着地面，然后躲了起来。我看到了她眼中的泪水。
1. We can infer from Paragraph 2 that Brownie 　　　 .
A．would eat anything when hungry
B．felt sorry for her mistake
C．loved playing hide-and-seek
D．disliked the author's dad
饿的时候什么都吃
对她的错误感到抱歉
喜欢玩捉迷藏
喜欢作者的父亲
1. We can infer from Paragraph 2 that Brownie 　　　 .
A．would eat anything when hungry
B．felt sorry for her mistake
C．loved playing hide-and-seek
D．disliked the author's dad
2. The little sister’s going with Rocco showed that .
A．she was afraid she would have no one to play with
B．she didn’t want to wake her mother up
C．she wanted to look for her father
D．she wanted to drive the car too
2. The little sister’s going with Rocco showed that .
A．she was afraid she would have no one to play with
B．she didn’t want to wake her mother up
C．she wanted to look for her father
D．she wanted to drive the car too
细节推理
2. The little sister’s going with Rocco showed that .
A．she was afraid she would have no one to play with
B．she didn’t want to wake her mother up
C．she wanted to look for her father
D．she wanted to drive the car too
她也想开车
她害怕没有人陪她玩
她不想吵醒她妈妈
她想去找她的父亲
【原文】Rocco got into the car and started the engine (引擎). When Rocco’s sister heard the engine, she ran to the car and cried. She wanted to go with him.
【参考译文】罗科钻进车里，发动了引擎。当罗科的妹妹听到引擎的声音时，她跑到车里哭了起来。她想和他一起去。
A．she was afraid she would have no one to play with
B．she didn’t want to wake her mother up
C．she wanted to look for her father
D．she wanted to drive the car too
2. The little sister’s going with Rocco showed that .
A．she was afraid she would have no one to play with
B．she didn’t want to wake her mother up
C．she wanted to look for her father
D．she wanted to drive the car too
她也想开车
她害怕没有人陪她玩
她不想吵醒她妈妈
她想去找她的父亲
2. The little sister’s going with Rocco showed that .
A．she was afraid she would have no one to play with
B．she didn’t want to wake her mother up
C．she wanted to look for her father
D．she wanted to drive the car too
推理判断题
【出题规律】
作者的态度
① The author’s attitude towards…is that _______.
② Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude towards…
作者的观点
① From the text, we can see that the writer seems ______.
② From Paragraph 1, we know that the author ______.
作者态度题
【解题技巧】
搞清楚题干中 who to what
优先找直接表态的句子
找表情感态度的词
借助褒贬义词解题
有时只需判断某人的大致方向态度即可解题
“态度” 怎么找呢？
作者态度题
【态度表现方式】
强转折，问号
形容词： good, fortunate
副词：luckily
否定词 ： unfortunate (un-/ dis-/ in-/ im-/ il-/ ir-/ -less)
no/ not/ hardly/ few/ little
方向词： lose/ fail/ reduce/ increase/ rise
作者态度题
作者态度题
【例】From Paragraph 1, we know that the author ______.
A．expects Americans to stop using plastic straws
B．wants to show how serious the problem is
C．plans to wrap the earth with straws
D．cares little about plastic pollution
作者态度题
【例】From Paragraph 1, we know that the author ______.
A．expects Americans to stop using plastic straws
B．wants to show how serious the problem is
C．plans to wrap the earth with straws
D．cares little about plastic pollution
作者态度题
【例】From Paragraph 1, we know that the author ______.
A．expects Americans to stop using plastic straws
希望美国人停止使用塑料吸管
B．wants to show how serious the problem is
想表明问题有多严重
C．plans to wrap the earth with straws
计划用稻草包裹地球
D．cares little about plastic pollution
不关心塑料污染
【原文】Nowadays more and more people stop using plastic straws (吸管). The waste created by plastic straws is unbelievable. In the United States alone, 500 million straws are thrown away every day. That’s enough straws to wrap around the earth 2.5 times each day. 【para. 1】
【参考译文】现在越来越多的人停止使用塑料吸管。塑料吸管造成的浪费令人难以置信。仅在美国，每天就有5亿根吸管被扔掉。这些吸管足够每天绕地球2.5圈。
作者态度题
作者态度题
【例】From Paragraph 1, we know that the author ______.
A．expects Americans to stop using plastic straws
希望美国人停止使用塑料吸管
B．wants to show how serious the problem is
想表明问题有多严重
C．plans to wrap the earth with straws
计划用稻草包裹地球
D．cares little about plastic pollution
不关心塑料污染
作者态度题
【例】From Paragraph 1, we know that the author ______.
A．expects Americans to stop using plastic straws
B．wants to show how serious the problem is
C．plans to wrap the earth with straws
D．cares little about plastic pollution
作者态度题小结
【解题技巧】
搞清楚题干中 who to what
优先找直接表态的句子
找表情感态度的词
借助褒贬义词解题
有时只需判断某人的大致方向态度即可解题
1. The author expected the train trip to be 　 .
A．adventurous
B．pleasant
C．exciting
D．dull
1. The author expected the train trip to be 　 .
A．adventurous
B．pleasant
C．exciting
D．dull
作者观点
【原文】I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.
【参考译文】我以前总是坐飞机或汽车去马来西亚，所以这是我第一次坐火车。我并不是特别喜欢长途火车旅行，我带了一打杂志来反复阅读。我看了看火车。没有一张熟悉的面孔。我叹了口气，坐下来读我的经济学。
1. The author expected the train trip to be 　 .
A．adventurous
B．pleasant
C．exciting
D．dull
1. The author expected the train trip to be 　 .
A．adventurous
B．pleasant
C．exciting
D．dull
2. What’s the feeling of the writer in his school life
A．Boring.
B．Helpless.
C．Colorful.
D．Meaningless.
2. What’s the feeling of the writer in his school life
A．Boring.
B．Helpless.
C．Colorful.
D．Meaningless.
作者观点
【原文】Some people say that school life is boring, but I think my school life is colorful.
【参考译文】有些人说学校生活很无聊，但我认为我的学校生活是丰富多彩的。
A．Boring. B．Helpless.
C．Colorful. D．Meaningless.
2. What’s the feeling of the writer in his school life
A．Boring.
B．Helpless.
C．Colorful.
D．Meaningless.
推理判断题
【出题规律】
In which section of a newspaper may this passage appear
In which section of a newspaper can we probably find this passage
The passage is probably taken from a magazine about ______.
You may find the article in______.
Where do we probably read the passage
文章出处
文章出处题
【解题技巧】
文章话题——文中反复出现的高频实词
文章主旨——首尾段、中间段首尾句
文章文体特征
文章出处题
文章出处题
【例】In which section of a newspaper may this passage appear A．Technology.
B．Life.
C．Entertainment.
D．Science.
文章出处题
【例】In which section of a newspaper may this passage appear A．Technology.
B．Life.
C．Entertainment.
D．Science.
【原文】Eating is usually a group activity. Different groups develop their own food preferences (偏好). We can even tell which group of people a person belongs to from his food choice. And these food choices are passed on from parents to their children. When the children grow up, they feel most comfortable with the food they have in their own homes.
【参考译文】吃饭通常是一种集体活动。不同的群体会形成自己的食物偏好。我们甚至可以通过一个人的食物选择来判断他属于哪一类人。这些食物的选择从父母传给了他们的孩子。当孩子们长大后，他们对自己家里的食物感到最舒服。
文章出处题
【原文】Food choices have little to do with hunger. You may eat what your friends eat. You may use food to identify yourself as a member of a group. Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu, just to show that they can afford them. Expensive food, like an expensive car, can help to make some people feel important. Low-cost menu choices may be just as good dishes. Your feelings and your appetite work together. （未完）
【参考译文】吃饭通常是一种集体活动。不同的群体会形成自己的食物偏好。我们甚至可以通过一个人的食物选择来判断他属于哪一类人。这些食物的选择从父母传给他们的孩子。当孩子们长大后，他们对自己家里的食物感到最舒服。
文章出处题
文章出处题
【原文】（接上文）You may overeat when you are worried or lonely. People sometimes eat when they feel unsafe or think that no one likes them or they may eat to calm themselves. Feeling may also cause under-eating. People who feel sad may eat very little. They regard themselves as heavier than they really are or they think being thin is beautiful. Many people worry so much about being too heavy that they don’t eat enough. They may become weak or even sick from not having enough food.
【参考译文】当你担心或孤独时，你可能会吃得过多。人们有时会在感到不安全或认为没有人喜欢他们时吃东西，或者他们可能会吃东西来平静自己。情绪也可能导致进食不足。感到悲伤的人可能吃得很少。他们认为自己比实际体重要重，或者他们认为苗条是美丽的。许多人太担心自己太胖，以至于吃得不够。他们可能会因为没有足够的食物而变得虚弱甚至生病。（接上文）
文章出处题
【例】In which section of a newspaper may this passage appear A．Technology.
B．Life.
C．Entertainment.
D．Science.
文章出处题
【例】In which section of a newspaper may this passage appear A．Technology.
B．Life.
C．Entertainment.
D．Science.
【解题技巧】
文章话题——文中反复出现的高频实词
文章主旨——首尾段、中间段首尾句
文章文体特征
文章出处题小结
1. You may find the article in .
A．a poster
B．a magazine
C．a novel
D．a guide book
1. You may find the article in .
A．a poster
B．a magazine
C．a novel
D．a guide book
文章出处
【原文】Cruise ships, which sometimes carry as many as 5,000 passengers and workers, are like cities that travel across our seas. Cities produce a lot of rubbish, and so do cruise ships. But the rubbish from cities can be collected and taken away; this isn’t true for the rubbish on cruise ships.
【参考译文】游轮有时可搭载多达5000名乘客和工人，就像穿越海洋的城市。城市产生大量垃圾，游轮也一样。但是来自城市的垃圾可以收集和带走；游轮上的垃圾就不是这样了。
【原文】Cruise ships, which sometimes carry as many as 5,000 passengers and workers, are like cities that travel across our seas. Cities produce a lot of rubbish, and so do cruise ships. But the rubbish from cities can be collected and taken away; this isn’t true for the rubbish on cruise ships.
【参考译文】游轮有时可搭载多达5000名乘客和工人，就像穿越海洋的城市。城市产生大量垃圾，游轮也一样。但是来自城市的垃圾可以收集和带走；游轮上的垃圾就不是这样了。
【原文】On a one-week voyage (航程), cruise ships create more than 50 tons of rubbish and one million gallons of what is called “grey water”—that is, water from bathrooms, kitchens and washing machines. There is also 210,000 gallons of toilet waste. Most of this rubbish is sent into the sea—some of it has been treated to make it safe, but some has not. This pollution kills some fish, or makes them dangerous for humans to eat as they have eaten polluted weeds and smaller fish in the sea. Pollution from cruise ships causes a problem for everything that lives in the sea, and that problem is sometimes passed on to humans, because they eat seafood.
【参考译文】在一周的航行中，游轮会产生50多吨垃圾和100万加仑所谓的“灰水”——即来自浴室、厨房和洗衣机的水。还有21万加仑的厕所垃圾。大部分垃圾都被排入大海——其中一些经过了安全处理，但有些没有。这种污染杀死了一些鱼，或者使它们对人类来说是危险的，因为它们吃了被污染的杂草和海里的小鱼。游轮的污染给海洋里的所有生物都带来了问题，这个问题有时会传给人类，因为他们吃海鲜。
【原文】Plastic waste that may be thrown off ships and then floats on the surface of the water is extremely (非常地) dangerous for creatures like dolphins, turtles and sea birds. These creatures often die from eating bags and other items made of plastic.
【参考译文】可能从船上扔出并漂浮在水面上的塑料垃圾对海豚、海龟和海鸟等生物是极其危险的。这些生物经常因食用塑料袋和其他塑料制品而死亡。
【原文】There are organizations which are trying to protect the seas of the world. They are working with governments in different countries to try to change the rules that govern (管控) what can and cannot be put into the sea. Let’s hope something is done to stop the pollution of our seas before it’s too late.【参考译文】有些组织正在努力保护世界的海洋。他们正在与不同国家的政府合作，试图改变管理什么可以和不可以进入海洋的规则。让我们希望采取一些措施来阻止海洋污染，以免为时过晚。
1. You may find the article in .
A．a poster
B．a magazine
C．a novel
D．a guide book
1. You may find the article in .
A．a poster
B．a magazine
C．a novel
D．a guide book
2. Where do we probably read the passage
A．A science fiction.
B．A story book.
C．A travel report.
D．A sports magazine.
2. Where do we probably read the passage
A．A science fiction.
B．A story book.
C．A travel report.
D．A sports magazine.
文章出处
【原文】Once there lived an old but wise man. His son, however, was very lazy and did nothing all day. The wise man was worried about his son’s future. One day, he said to his son, “I find an old map. It shows the place of some treasure. Would you like to get it ” Then he handed his son a bag. Inside the bag were clothes, some food, a little money and the map.
【参考译文】从前，有一个年老而聪明的人。然而，他的儿子却很懒，整天无所事事。智者为儿子的前途忧心忡忡。一天，他对儿子说:“我发现了一张旧地图。它显示了一些宝藏的地方。你想要吗 ”然后他递给儿子一个袋子。袋子里有衣服，一些食物，一点钱和地图。
故事
2. Where do we probably read the passage
A．A science fiction.
B．A story book.
C．A travel report.
D．A sports magazine.
2. Where do we probably read the passage
A．A science fiction.
B．A story book.
C．A travel report.
D．A sports magazine.
考查根据文章所述内容进行推理和判断的能力
在读懂原文的基础上对文中的一些具体细节进行推理判断
推理判断题总结
1. What opened up a new world for me when I was 15 years old
A．A movie I watched.
B．My first job as a singer.
C．A record.
D．The beginning of my love affair.
1. What opened up a new world for me when I was 15 years old
A．A movie I watched.
B．My first job as a singer.
C．A record.
D．The beginning of my love affair.
细节推理
1. What opened up a new world for me when I was 15 years old
A．A movie I watched.
B．My first job as a singer.
C．A record.
D．The beginning of my love affair.
【原文】When I was about 15, I bought my first record. It started a love affair. It opened up a whole new world to me.
1. What opened up a new world for me when I was 15 years old
A．A movie I watched.
B．My first job as a singer.
C．A record.
D．The beginning of my love affair.
2. Where can we find this passage
A．In a newspaper.
B．In a science fiction novel.
C．In a dictionary.
D．In a music book.
2. Where can we find this passage
A．In a newspaper.
B．In a science fiction novel.
C．In a dictionary.
D．In a music book.
文章出处
【原文】Steve Jobs was born on February 24, 195. He was an American businessman, computer scientist, and inventor. He was the cofounder (联合创始人) and chief executive officer (首席执行官) of Apple company. In the late 1970s, Jobs, with Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak, Mike Markkula, and others, designed, developed, and marketed one of the first successful lines of personal computers, the Apple Ⅱ series and later, the Macintosh.
【参考译文】史蒂夫·乔布斯出生于195年2月24日。他是一位美国商人、计算机科学家和发明家。他是苹果公司的共同创始人和首席执行官。20世纪70年代末，乔布斯与苹果公司联合创始人史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克、迈克·马库拉等人一起设计、开发并销售了第一批成功的个人电脑——Apple Ⅱ系列和后来的麦金塔电脑。
【原文】Steve Jobs was among the greatest of American inventors—brave enough to think differently, and believed he could change the world and in fact, he had the power to change the whole world. By making computers personal and putting the Internet in our pockets, he has brought joy to millions of children and grown-ups.
【参考译文】史蒂夫·乔布斯是美国最伟大的发明家之一，他勇敢地以不同的方式思考，并相信自己可以改变世界，事实上，他有能力改变整个世界。通过让电脑个人化，把互联网放进我们的口袋，他给数百万的儿童和成年人带来了快乐。
【原文】Steve Jobs was fond of saying that he lived every day like it was his last. He changed the way in which each of us sees the world. Steve’s brilliance (才华), passion (激情) and energy were the source of countless innovations (创新) that enrich and improve all of our lives. The world is much better because of Steve. On October 5, 2011, Steve died of cancer (癌症). The world has lost a visionary. We all feel sad about it.
【参考译文】史蒂夫·乔布斯喜欢说，他把每一天都当作生命的最后一天来过。他改变了我们每个人看待世界的方式。史蒂夫的才华、激情和精力是无数创新的源泉，这些创新丰富并改善了我们所有人的生活。世界因为史蒂夫而变得更好。2011年10月5日，史蒂夫因癌症去世。世界失去了一位有远见的人。我们都为此感到难过。
2. Where can we find this passage
A．In a newspaper.
B．In a science fiction novel.
C．In a dictionary.
D．In a music book.
2. Where can we find this passage
A．In a newspaper.
B．In a science fiction novel.
C．In a dictionary.
D．In a music book.
题型讲解
考查联系上下文解释文中某个词、短语或句子（可能有下划线，也可能没有）的能力
主要涉及代词指代、词义猜测、句义猜测
词/句义猜测题
【出题规律】
The underlined “xxx” is closest in meaning to ______.
The word “xxx” in the passage probably means ______.
The underlined “xxx” refers to ______.
The underlined “xxx” means ______.
The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 means ______.
词/句义猜测题
【出题规律】
The underlined “xxx” is closest in meaning to ______.
The word “xxx” in the passage probably means ______.
The underlined “xxx” refers to ______.
The underlined “xxx” means ______.
The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 means ______.
词/句义猜测题
【解题技巧】
利用上下文推测词义
返回原文找出原词，寻找特殊标点、定语从句、举例处、转折处、定义处、并列论据处等同义替换关系
答案往往不出现于生词所在的句子中，而是出现在这个句子的上一句或下一句中
注意代词指代（被指代的对象一般出现在代词所在句的前一两句中）
词/句义猜测题
词/句义猜测题
【例1】What does the underlined word “vigorous” in the last paragraph mean
A．powerful
B．energetic
C．friendly
D．beautiful
【例1】What does the underlined word “vigorous” in the last paragraph mean
A．powerful
B．energetic
C．friendly
D．beautiful
强大的
精力充沛的
友好的
美丽的
词义猜测
词/句义猜测题
【原文】“She comes when I call. She has never left me, not even during the river floods,” the man said, “She used to be more vigorous, but she has grown old now. If she dies, I will make her a nice grave here.”
【参考译文】“我叫她的时候她就来了。她从未离开过我，即使在河水泛滥期间也是如此。”那个人说，“她以前更有活力，但现在她变老了。如果她死了，我会在这里给她建一个漂亮的坟墓。”
A．powerful 强大的 B．energetic 精力充沛的
C．friendly 友善的 D．beautiful 美丽的
作者态度题
【例1】What does the underlined word “vigorous” in the last paragraph mean
A．powerful
B．energetic
C．friendly
D．beautiful
强大的
精力充沛的
友好的
美丽的
词/句义猜测题
【例1】What does the underlined word “vigorous” in the last paragraph mean
A．powerful
B．energetic
C．friendly
D．beautiful
强大的
精力充沛的
友好的
美丽的
词/句义猜测题
词/句义猜测题
【例2】What does “that message” refer to in Paragraph 3
A．I could return to school.
B．I would never walk again.
C．I should always believe her.
D．I could walk again if I wanted to.
【例2】What does “that message” refer to in Paragraph 3
A．I could return to school.
B．I would never walk again.
C．I should always believe her.
D．I could walk again if I wanted to.
代词指代
词/句义猜测题
【原文】At fourteen, I was hit by a car and the doctors said I would never walk again. Every day, my mother spoke to me, telling me that no matter what those doctors said, I could walk again if I wanted badly enough. She drove that message so deep into my heart that I finally believed her. A year later, I returned to school—walking on my own!【para. 3】
Aha Moment
代词指代联系上文
词/句义猜测题
【定位处】Every day, my mother spoke to me, telling me that no matter what those doctors said, I could walk again if I wanted badly enough. 【para. 3】
【参考译文】每天，母亲都跟我说话，告诉我不管医生怎么说，只要我非常想，我就能再走路。
A．I could return to school. 我可以回学校了。
B．I would never walk again. 我再也不能走路了。
C．I should always believe her. 我应该永远相信她。
D．I could walk again if I wanted to. 只要我想，我就又能走路。
词/句义猜测题
词/句义猜测题
【例2】What does “that message” refer to in Paragraph 3
A．I could return to school.
B．I would never walk again.
C．I should always believe her.
D．I could walk again if I wanted to.
【解题技巧】
利用上下文推测词义
返回原文找出原词，寻找特殊标点、定语从句、举例处、定义处、转折处、并列论据处等同义替换关系
答案往往不出现于生词所在的句子中，而是出现在这个句子的上一句或下一句中
注意代词指代
词/句义猜测题
1. What does “she slept like a bear in the winter” (Paragraph 2) mean
A．She had a deep sleep.
B．She dreamed of a bear.
C．She felt cold all night long.
D．She held a toy bear in the dream.
1. What does “she slept like a bear in the winter” (Paragraph 2) mean
A．She had a deep sleep.
B．She dreamed of a bear.
C．She felt cold all night long.
D．She held a toy bear in the dream.
句义猜测
【原文】After Mrs. Wilson knew the whole thing, she told Jane to go ahead and wash the car for a dollar. Jane also raked (用耙子耙) Mrs. Wilson’s yard and swept her sidewalk for two dollars. Jane walked the Steeles’ dog, and washed Mr. Morita’s windows. Each job was different, and Jane worked very hard. As she was tired at night, she slept like a bear in the winter.
【参考译文】威尔逊太太知道了整件事之后，她叫简去洗车，报酬一美元。简还耙了威尔逊太太的院子，扫了她的人行道，赚了两美元。简给斯蒂尔家遛狗，给森田先生擦窗户。每一份工作都不一样，简工作非常努力。由于晚上很累，她睡得像只冬天的熊。
1. What does “she slept like a bear in the winter” (Paragraph 2) mean
A．She had a deep sleep.
B．She dreamed of a bear.
C．She felt cold all night long.
D．She held a toy bear in the dream.
1. What does “she slept like a bear in the winter” (Paragraph 2) mean
A．She had a deep sleep.
B．She dreamed of a bear.
C．She felt cold all night long.
D．She held a toy bear in the dream.
2. The word “amateurs” in the second paragraph probably means .
A．people who earn money from sport
B．people who do not earn a living on sport
C．people who are professional sportsmen
D．people who make a living on races
2. The word “amateurs” in the second paragraph probably means .
A．people who earn money from sport
B．people who do not earn a living on sport
C．people who are professional sportsmen
D．people who make a living on races
词义猜测
【原文】In the ancient world the Olympics were held every 4 years for 1,000 years. They were an important part of life. In the modern Games we try to copy their ideas. The finest sportsmen in the world are collected in one place—or at least, the finest “amateurs” are. An amateur is someone who does not earn any money from sport. It is often difficult to say who is amateur and who is not. It is true that Olympic athletes are often students or teachers of a sport. They have to spend a lot of time training. Their governments pay for their training, travel and “pocket money” because they want them to win. Some people think that this changes the Olympics. They feel that the Games are now a political marathon.
【原文】An amateur is someone who does not earn any money from sport. It is often difficult to say who is amateur and who is not. It is true that Olympic athletes are often students or teachers of a sport. They have to spend a lot of time training. Their governments pay for their training, travel and “pocket money” because they want them to win. Some people think that this changes the Olympics. They feel that the Games are now a political marathon.
【参考译文】业余爱好者是指不从运动中赚钱的人。通常很难说谁是业余爱好者，谁不是。的确，奥林匹克运动员经常是某项运动的学生或教师。他们必须花很多时间训练。他们的政府为他们的训练、旅行和“零用钱”买单，因为他们希望他们获胜。有些人认为这改变了奥运会。他们觉得奥运会现在是一场政治马拉松。
2. The word “amateurs” in the second paragraph probably means .
A．people who earn money from sport
B．people who do not earn a living on sport
C．people who are professional sportsmen
D．people who make a living on races
2. The word “amateurs” in the second paragraph probably means .
A．people who earn money from sport
B．people who do not earn a living on sport
C．people who are professional sportsmen
D．people who make a living on races
题型讲解
考查考生对于文章大意或文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力
主要涉及的考查角度包括段落大意题、全文大意题
主旨大意题
【出题规律】
段落主旨
What is the xxx paragraph mainly about
文章主旨
① What is the main purpose/ focus/ theme/ topic of this passage
② The general idea of the passage is ______.
③ The passage is mainly about...
④ The best title of the passage could be...
⑤ In this passage, the author mainly discusses ________.
⑥ The passage mainly deals with ______.
主旨大意题
【解题技巧】
文章角度
① 通过首尾段、首尾句段判断中心
② 注意设问、特殊符号处
③ 围绕转折判断中心：but, however, yet (句首), in fact, unfortunately, instead (of)…
④ 文章中反复出现的表达
题干角度
题干中反复出现的表达
Aha Moment
【错误答案特征】
以偏概全：某段的细节或举例
文不对题：与文章内容毫不相关
主旨大意题
主旨大意题
【例1】What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2
A．Life is better without heat.
B．Life is impossible without heat.
C．Life is better if there is more heat.
D．life is impossible in the cold season.
【例1】What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2
A．Life is better without heat.
B．Life is impossible without heat.
C．Life is better if there is more heat.
D．life is impossible in the cold season.
段落主旨
主旨大意题
主旨大意题
【原文】Your life depends on heat. In fact, every living thing depends on it. Without heat every living thing would be frozen to death. All living things get their heat from the sun, which provides the conditions in which life is possible. 【para. 2】
【参考译文】你的生命依赖于热量。事实上，每一种生物都依赖它。没有热，所有的生物都会冻死。所有生物都从太阳获得热量，这为生命的存在提供了条件。
主旨大意题
【例1】What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2
A．Life is better without heat. 没有热，生活更美好。
B．Life is impossible without heat. 生命没有热是不可能的。
C．Life is better if there is more heat. 如果有更多的热量，生活就会更好。
D．life is impossible in the cold season. 在寒冷的季节生活是不可能的。
主旨大意题
【例1】What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2
A．Life is better without heat.
B．Life is impossible without heat.
C．Life is better if there is more heat.
D．life is impossible in the cold season.
主旨大意题
【例2】What is the best title of the passage
A．The Value of Sleep
B．The Value of Study
C．The Ways of Eating Less
D．The Ways of Making Money
【例2】What is the best title of the passage
A．The Value of Sleep
B．The Value of Study
C．The Ways of Eating Less
D．The Ways of Making Money
文章主旨
主旨大意题
1. According to the writer, the easiest and cheapest way to improve health is to ______.
2. What does “sleep-deprived” mean in Paragraph 2
3. According to Dr. James Mass, what is sleep like
4. What do the words of the famous person mean in paragraph 5
5. What is the best title of the passage
方法一：题干解题
主旨大意题
主旨大意题
【例2】What is the best title of the passage
A．The Value of Sleep
B．The Value of Study
C．The Ways of Eating Less
D．The Ways of Making Money
主旨大意题
【例2】What is the best title of the passage
A．The Value of Sleep
B．The Value of Study
C．The Ways of Eating Less
D．The Ways of Making Money
主旨大意题
There are many ways to help improve your health like eating healthy food, taking exercise and getting medical help. But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night. The general sleeping rule is that the younger you are, the longer sleep you need. But regardless of (不管) age, some people more while for some a few hours is enough. 【para. 1】
【参考译文】有很多方法可以帮助你改善你的健康，比如吃健康的食物，进行锻炼和获得医疗帮助。但是改善健康最简单和最便宜的方法就是每晚睡8个小时或更多。一般的睡眠规则是，越年轻，需要的睡眠时间就越长。但不论年龄几何，有些人需要的睡眠时间多，而有些人几个小时就足够了。
方法二：文章解题
主旨大意题
The problem of sleep is that more and more people in the world are not sleeping enough. According to the World Health Organization, over half the people in the world may be sleep-deprived. Having less sleep not only makes people feel tired but also causes accidents. 【para. 2】
【参考译文】睡眠的问题是，世界上越来越多的人睡眠不足。根据世界卫生组织的数据，世界上超过一半的人可能睡眠不足。睡眠不足不仅会让人们感到疲劳，而且还会导致交通事故。
方法二：文章解题
Why are so many people sleep-deprived Part of the reasons may be cultural. In the American culture, people put a higher value on work than on sleep. In fact, people who sleep a lot are usually seen as “lazy”. Moreover, you can sometimes hear some people say proudly that they don’t have much time to sleep and they only sleep four or five hours a night. It seems that the less you sleep, the more work you’ll do. 【para. 3】
【参考译文】为什么有这么多的人睡眠不足？部分原因可能是文化原因。在美国文化中，人们对工作的重视高于对睡眠的重视。事实上，经常睡的人通常被视为“懒惰”。此外，你有时会听到一些人自豪地说，他们没有太多的时间睡觉，他们每晚只睡四五个小时。似乎睡得越少，做的工作就越多。
方法二：文章解题
主旨大意题
How do we teach these people to learn the value of sleep Perhaps they may listen to the advice of Dr. James Mass, an expert (专家) in sleep. He says, “Sleep is like a credit card (信用卡). When you sleep less, you are only borrowing time. You always have to pay it back. The more hours you don’t sleep, the more hours you should sleep to ‘pay back’ the hour on your ‘sleep credit card’.” 【para. 4】
【参考译文】我们如何教这些人学习睡眠的价值？也许他们会听取睡眠专家詹姆斯·马斯博士的建议。他说：“睡眠就像一张信用卡。当你睡眠不足时，你就是在借取时间，你总得偿还它。你不睡的时间越多，应该睡的时间就越多，以‘偿还’你‘睡眠信用卡’上的时间。”
方法二：文章解题
主旨大意题
主旨大意题
For those who value work more than sleep, they should listen to what a famous person once said, “Don’t think you will be doing less work because you sleep during the night. That is a foolish (愚蠢的) idea which is held by people who have no imagination. You will be able to do more.” 【para. 5】
【参考译文】对于那些更重视工作而不是睡眠的人来说，他们应该听一个名人曾经说过的话：“不要认为你会因为晚上睡觉而减少工作。这是那些没有想象力的人的愚蠢的想法。你能够做得更多。”
方法二：文章解题
主旨大意题
【例2】What is the best title of the passage
A．The Value of Sleep
B．The Value of Study
C．The Ways of Eating Less
D．The Ways of Making Money
【解题技巧】
文章角度
① 通过首尾段、首尾句段判断中心
② 注意设问、特殊符号处
③ 围绕转折判断中心：but, however, yet (句首), in fact, unfortunately, instead (of)…
④ 文章中反复出现的表达
题干角度
题干中反复出现的表达
主旨大意题总结
1. Which is the best title for the passage
A．Exercise and Health
B．A Variety of Exercise
C．Good Points of Exercise
D．Exercise and Environment
1. Which is the best title for the passage
A．Exercise and Health
B．A Variety of Exercise
C．Good Points of Exercise
D．Exercise and Environment
文章主旨
【原文】People already know that regular exercise is important for controlling weight and avoiding a variety of health conditions. But it can also improve your academic (学术的) performance. It’s well worth the effort to schedule exercise into your daily life. So how does exercise improve academic performance
【参考译文】人们已经知道，有规律的锻炼对控制体重和避免各种健康问题很重要。但它也可以提高你的学习成绩(学术的)。在日常生活中安排锻炼是非常值得的。那么，锻炼是如何提高学习成绩的呢
【原文】Researchers have discovered that the students who exercise regularly at least 3 times a week usually earn a point higher than those who do not exercise. Exercise increases the ability of students to pay attention, and improves their academic performance.
【参考译文】研究人员发现，每周至少锻炼3次的学生通常比不锻炼的学生得分高。锻炼可以提高学生的注意力，提高他们的学习成绩。
【原文】Exercise causes three human changes in what people think and do.
【参考译文】运动使人的思维和行为发生三种变化。
【原文】
1. Exercise requires time management…
2. Exercise relaxes stress…
3. Exercise makes you have a better sleep…
锻炼的好处
1. Which is the best title for the passage
A．Exercise and Health
B．A Variety of Exercise
C．Good Points of Exercise
D．Exercise and Environment
1. Which is the best title for the passage
A．Exercise and Health
B．A Variety of Exercise
C．Good Points of Exercise
D．Exercise and Environment
2. Which would be the best title of the passage
A．Lucky Foods and the Lunar New Year
B．Different Names, Similar Activities
C．Special Festival Customs in China
D．The New Year in the World
2. Which would be the best title of the passage
A．Lucky Foods and the Lunar New Year
B．Different Names, Similar Activities
C．Special Festival Customs in China
D．The New Year in the World
文章主旨
【原文】The Lunar (农历) New Year is one of the biggest and most important holidays in Asia. In China, it is called “Chunjie”, which means “spring festival” in English. In Vietnam, it is known as “Tet”. And in Korea, it is “Seollal”. These countries mark the coming year with many similar activities: family reunions (团圆), cleaning the home, the color red, and traditional foods.
【参考译文】农历新年(农历)是亚洲最大、最重要的节日之一。在中国，它被称为“春节”，在英语中的意思是“春节”。在越南，它被称为“Tet”。在韩国，它是“Seollal”。这些国家用许多类似的活动来纪念新的一年：家庭团聚、打扫房屋、涂红色和吃传统食物。
【原文】Today, we learn about four foods considered lucky during the Lunar New Year.
Spring rolls
Vietnamese red sticky rice
Korean rice cake soup
Fish
【参考译文】今天，我们学习四种在农历新年期间被认为是幸运的食物。
2. Which would be the best title of the passage
A．Lucky Foods and the Lunar New Year
B．Different Names, Similar Activities
C．Special Festival Customs in China
D．The New Year in the World
2. Which would be the best title of the passage
A．Lucky Foods and the Lunar New Year
B．Different Names, Similar Activities
C．Special Festival Customs in China
D．The New Year in the World
选择题总结
1. Why did Jane want to buy a basketball for Steve
A．He was her best friend.
B．His basketball was old.
C．He needed more practice.
D．His basketball was cheap.
1. Why did Jane want to buy a basketball for Steve
A．He was her best friend.
B．His basketball was old.
C．He needed more practice.
D．His basketball was cheap.
细节信息
Jane needed to earn some money. She had a brother named Steve. His 10-year-old birthday was just two weeks away. Steve’s basketball was old, and Jane wanted to buy him a new one. She had some money, but not enough to buy a basketball. This was a big problem, but Jane knew she could solve it. She decided to see if her neighbors had any odd jobs (零工) she could do for them. She might be able to earn enough money to buy a basketball. She went next door to Mrs. Wilson’s house. 【para. 1】
1. Why did Jane want to buy a basketball for Steve
Jane needed to earn some money. She had a brother named Steve. His 10-year-old birthday was just two weeks away. Steve’s basketball was old, and Jane wanted to buy him a new one. She had some money, but not enough to buy a basketball. This was a big problem, but Jane knew she could solve it. She decided to see if her neighbors had any odd jobs (零工) she could do for them. She might be able to earn enough money to buy a basketball. She went next door to Mrs. Wilson’s house. 【para. 1】
1. Why did Jane want to buy a basketball for Steve
1. Why did Jane want to buy a basketball for Steve
A．He was her best friend.
B．His basketball was old.
C．He needed more practice.
D．His basketball was cheap.
【原文】Steve’s basketball was old, and Jane wanted to buy him a new one.
1. Why did Jane want to buy a basketball for Steve
A．He was her best friend.
B．His basketball was old.
C．He needed more practice.
D．His basketball was cheap.
2. Which of the following did Jane do for Mr. Morita
A．She raked his yard.
B．She swept his sidewalk.
C．She walked his dog.
D．She washed his windows.
2. Which of the following did Jane do for Mr. Morita
A．She raked his yard.
B．She swept his sidewalk.
C．She walked his dog.
D．She washed his windows.
细节信息
Jane needed to earn some money. She had a brother named Steve. His 10-year-old birthday was just two weeks away. Steve’s basketball was old, and Jane wanted to buy him a new one. She had some money, but not enough to buy a basketball. This was a big problem, but Jane knew she could solve it. She decided to see if her neighbors had any odd jobs (零工) she could do for them. She might be able to earn enough money to buy a basketball. She went next door to Mrs. Wilson’s house. 【para. 1】
2. Which of the following did Jane do for Mr. Morita
After Mrs. Wilson knew the whole thing, she told Jane to go ahead and wash the car for a dollar. Jane also raked (用耙子耙) Mrs. Wilson’s yard and swept her sidewalk for two dollars. Jane walked the Steeles’ dog, and washed Mr. Morita’s windows. Each job was different, and Jane worked very hard. As she was tired at night, she slept like a bear in the winter. 【para. 2】
2. Which of the following did Jane do for Mr. Morita
2. Which of the following did Jane do for Mr. Morita
A．She raked his yard.
B．She swept his sidewalk.
C．She walked his dog.
D．She washed his windows.
【原文】Jane walked the Steeles’ dog, and washed Mr. Morita’s windows.
2. Which of the following did Jane do for Mr. Morita
A．She raked his yard.
B．She swept his sidewalk.
C．She walked his dog.
D．She washed his windows.
3. What does “she slept like a bear in the winter” (Paragraph 2) mean
A．She had a deep sleep.
B．She dreamed of a bear.
C．She felt cold all night long.
D．She held a toy bear in the dream.
3. What does “she slept like a bear in the winter” (Paragraph 2) mean
A．She had a deep sleep.
B．She dreamed of a bear.
C．She felt cold all night long.
D．She held a toy bear in the dream.
句义猜测
【原文】After Mrs. Wilson knew the whole thing, she told Jane to go ahead and wash the car for a dollar. Jane also raked (用耙子耙) Mrs. Wilson’s yard and swept her sidewalk for two dollars. Jane walked the Steeles’ dog, and washed Mr. Morita’s windows. Each job was different, and Jane worked very hard. As she was tired at night, she slept like a bear in the winter.
【参考译文】威尔逊太太知道了整件事之后，她叫简去洗车，报酬一美元。简还耙了威尔逊太太的院子，扫了她的人行道，赚了两美元。简给斯蒂尔家遛狗，给森田先生擦窗户。每一份工作都不一样，简工作非常努力。由于晚上很累，她睡得像只冬天的熊。
3. What does “she slept like a bear in the winter” (Paragraph 2) mean
A．She had a deep sleep.
B．She dreamed of a bear.
C．She felt cold all night long.
D．She held a toy bear in the dream.
3. What does “she slept like a bear in the winter” (Paragraph 2) mean
A．She had a deep sleep.
B．She dreamed of a bear.
C．She felt cold all night long.
D．She held a toy bear in the dream.
4. How did Steve feel when he saw his present
A．Encouraged.
B．Worried.
C．Moved.
D．Tired.
4. How did Steve feel when he saw his present
A．Encouraged.
B．Worried.
C．Moved.
D．Tired.
推理判断
【原文】Steve’s birthday party was on Saturday. When he opened his present and saw the new basketball, he let out a loud yell (呐喊). “Now I know why you were so busy!” he said. “You’re the best sister ever!”
【参考译文】史蒂夫的生日聚会是在星期六。当他打开礼物，看到新的篮球，他发出了一声大叫。“现在我知道你为什么那么忙了！”他说。“你是最好的姐姐！”
4. How did Steve feel when he saw his present
A．Encouraged.
B．Worried.
C．Moved.
D．Tired.
4. How did Steve feel when he saw his present
A．Encouraged.
B．Worried.
C．Moved.
D．Tired.
5. What would be the best title of the story
A．The Birthday Party
B．The Birthday Basketball
C．How to Earn Money
D．How to Help Neighbors
5. What would be the best title of the story
A．The Birthday Party
B．The Birthday Basketball
C．How to Earn Money
D．How to Help Neighbors
主旨大意
Jane needed to earn some money. She had a brother named Steve. His 10-year-old birthday was just two weeks away. Steve’s basketball was old, and Jane wanted to buy him a new one. She had some money, but not enough to buy a basketball. This was a big problem, but Jane knew she could solve it. She decided to see if her neighbors had any odd jobs (零工) she could do for them. She might be able to earn enough money to buy a basketball. She went next door to Mrs. Wilson’s house. 【para. 1】
【参考译文】简需要挣些钱。她有个哥哥叫史蒂夫。离他10岁生日只有两周了。史蒂夫的篮球旧了，简想给他买一个新的。她有一些钱，但不够买一个篮球。这是个大问题，但简知道她能解决。她决定看看她的邻居是否有什么零工她可以为他们做。她也许能挣到足够的钱买一个篮球。她去了威尔逊夫人的隔壁。
【原文】After Mrs. Wilson knew the whole thing, she told Jane to go ahead and wash the car for a dollar. Jane also raked (用耙子耙) Mrs. Wilson’s yard and swept her sidewalk for two dollars. Jane walked the Steeles’ dog, and washed Mr. Morita’s windows. Each job was different, and Jane worked very hard. As she was tired at night, she slept like a bear in the winter. 【para. 2】
【参考译文】威尔逊太太知道了整件事之后，她叫简去洗车，报酬一美元。简还耙了威尔逊太太的院子，扫了她的人行道，赚了两美元。简给斯蒂尔家遛狗，给森田先生擦窗户。每一份工作都不一样，简工作非常努力。由于晚上很累，她睡得像只冬天的熊。
【原文】Jane continued to work hard. For the next two weeks, every day when she got home, she asked her neighbors if they had any odd jobs for her to do. 【para. 3】
【参考译文】简继续努力工作。在接下来的两个星期里，每天回到家，她都会问邻居是否有什么零工让她做。
【原文】After receiving the last dollar she needed, Jane went to the sporting goods store. When she bought the basketball, Jane proudly paid for it with the money she earned. She could hardly wait to give it to Steve!【para. 4】
【参考译文】收到她需要的最后一块钱后，简去了体育用品店。当简买篮球时，她自豪地用自己挣来的钱付了钱。她迫不及待地想把它给史蒂夫!
【原文】Steve’s birthday party was on Saturday. When he opened his present and saw the new basketball, he let out a loud yell (呐喊). “Now I know why you were so busy!” he said. “You’re the best sister ever!” 【para. 5】
【参考译文】史蒂夫的生日聚会是在星期六。当他打开礼物，看到新的篮球，他发出了一声大叫(呐喊)。“现在我知道你为什么那么忙了!”他说。“你是最好的姐姐! ”
【原文】Jane was delighted. All her effort was worth it. She helped her neighbors. She also bought Steve the best birthday present in the world. 【para. 6】
【参考译文】简很高兴。她所有的努力都是值得的。她帮助她的邻居。她还给史蒂夫买了世界上最好的生日礼物。
5. What would be the best title of the story
A．The Birthday Party
B．The Birthday Basketball
C．How to Earn Money
D．How to Help Neighbors
5. What would be the best title of the story
A．The Birthday Party
B．The Birthday Basketball
C．How to Earn Money
D．How to Help Neighbors
阅读翻译
02
阅读翻译
必备知识
【题型示例】
在本节中，你将读到两个分别来自阅读理解B篇和C篇中有下划线的句子，请根据上下文将它们翻译成中文，并将答案写在答题卡上对应处。
1. But the rubbish from cities can be collected and taken away; this isn’t true for the rubbish on cruise ships.
2. Sometimes a fake news story can have some truth to it, but most of the facts and figures are made up.
考情速递
【题型示例】
在本节中，你将读到两个分别来自阅读理解B篇和C篇中有下划线的句子，请根据上下文将它们翻译成中文，并将答案写在答题卡上对应处
1. But the rubbish from cities can be collected and taken away; this isn’t true for the rubbish on cruise ships.
2. Sometimes a fake news story can have some truth to it, but most of the facts and figures are made up.
翻译

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