2026江苏省中职英语二轮专题-复合句(共361张PPT)

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2026江苏省中职英语二轮专题-复合句(共361张PPT)

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(共361张PPT)
2026江苏省中职英语二轮专题
复合句
讲师aaa
为什么学复合句?
什么是复合句?
怎么学复合句?
思考
什么是复合句
(1)Give me your hand before I’m old.
给我你的手趁我还年轻。
(2)Show me what love is haven’t got a clue.
问爱是何物,何以我茫然。
(3)Show me that wonders can be true.
让我见证奇迹能成真。
(4)They say nothing lasts forever.
常言说不求天长地久。
(1)Give me your hand before I’m old.
给我你的手趁我还年轻。
(2)Show me what love is haven’t got a clue.
问爱是何物,何以我茫然。
(3)Show me that wonders can be true.
让我见证奇迹能成真。
(4)They say nothing lasts forever.
常言说不求天长地久。
什么是复合句
(1)Give me your hand before I’m old.
给我你的手趁我还年轻。
(2)Show me what love is haven’t got a clue.
问爱是何物,何以我茫然。
(3)Show me that wonders can be true.
让我见证奇迹能成真。
(4)They say nothing lasts forever.
常言说不求天长地久。
复合句=主句+从句
什么是复合句
【定义】由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子
主句:句子的主干部分,表达句子的主要意义,往往可以独立存在
从句:通常用于充当或修饰主句的某个成分,一般不能独立存在
e.g. Give me your hand before I’m old.
给我你的手趁我还年轻。
Show me what love is haven’t got a clue.
问爱是何物,何以我茫然。
从句有哪些类型呢?
什么是复合句
什么是复合句
【考查方向】 主要围绕名词性从句中的主语从句和宾语从句,以及定语从句、状语从句等。此外,名词性从句中的表语从句和同位语从句也偶尔会考查
【考查题型】 主要涉及语法单选题、阅读翻译题
重点考查内容
为什么学复合句
【语法单选】
I live next door to a couple ______ children often make a lot of noise.
A.whose
B.why
C.where
D.which
为什么学复合句
【阅读翻译】
1. He made up his mind to find better ways of making the cartoon move, so that the cartoon characters would seem alive.
2. I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature.
3. As the sun sets, people light up their homes with small lamps and enjoy delicious traditional foods with their loved ones.
为什么学复合句
怎么学复合句
名词性从句
02
【定义】起名词作用的句子
【功能】相当于名词(词组)
e.g. The sentence was right.
What he said was right.
有哪些类型呢?
名词性从句
(1)The book is interesting.
(主语)
(2)I believe his words.
(宾语)
(3)She is a beauty.
(表语)
(4)I love the book, Pride and Prejudice.
(同位语)
名词性从句
(1)The book is interesting. What I am reading is interesting.
(主语) 主语从句
(2)She believes his words. She believes what he said.
(宾语) 宾语从句
(3)She is a beauty. My point is that she is a beauty.
(表语) 表语从句
(4)I love the book, Pride and Prejudice. You should accept the fact that Pride
and Prejudice is my favorite book.
同位语从句
(同位语)
Aha Moment
名词或名词短语主要充当四种成分:主语、宾语、表语和同位语
名词性从句类型:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句
名词性从句
名词性从句
主语从句
【定义】在复合句中充当主语成分的句子
e.g. The fact is public knowledge.
这个事实是众所周知的。
That Einstein is great is public knowledge.
爱因斯坦很伟大是众所周知的。
主语从句
【定义】在复合句中充当主语成分的句子
【基本模式】引导词+从句+主句其他成分
e.g. That Einstein is great is public knowledge.
引导词 从句 主句
主语从句
主语从句
功能 引导词
无意义,不作成分 that
有意义,不作成分 whether/ as if/ as though
有意义,作成分 what/ who/ whom/ which/ whose/ whatever/ whoever/ whomever/ whichever
how/ when/ where/ why/ however/ whenever/ wherever
主语从句的引导词
一、引导词无意义,不作成分
【引导词】that
【作用】连接主句与从句
e.g. That light travels in straight lines is known to all.
众所周知,光是沿直线传播的。
That he failed in his exam is understandable.
他考试失利是可以理解的。
That drinking coffee influences his sleep is obvious.
喝咖啡影响他的睡眠是显而易见的。
主语从句的引导词
【语法单选】
students should be given more free time is suggested by many experts and welcomed by kids in school.
A.What B.Why C.Whether  D.That
【解析】D。本题考查主语从句引导词的选择。本题句义为:许多专家建议应赋予学生更多自由的时间,这一想法得到了在校学生的欢迎。分析题干可知,题中从句为主语从句,且从句意义完整,结构齐全,只需要连接词构成从句结构即可。由此可知,D项为正确答案。
二、引导词有意义,不作成分
【引导词】whether:是否
【作用】连接主句与从句
e.g. Whether he will go out depends on the weather.
他是否出去要视天气情况而定。
Whether he will go out hasn’t been decided.
他是否出去还没决定。
Whether they will give me another chance is uncertain.
他们是否会再给我一次机会还不确定。
主语从句的引导词
二、引导词有意义,不作成分
【注意1】whether & if
whether:可位于句首
if:不能放在句首
e.g. Whether he will go out depends on the weather.
他是否出去要视天气情况而定。
If he will go out depends on the weather.
他是否出去要视天气情况而定。
主语从句的引导词
二、引导词有意义,不作成分
【注意2】that & whether
共同点:只起连接作用,不作成分,不可省略
区别:that无意义,表示肯定、明确的概念
whether表“是否”,表示不肯定、不明确的概念
主语从句的引导词
【语法单选】
the meeting should last two days or three days doesn’t matter.
A.That B.Whether C.If  D.Where
【解析】B。本题考查主语从句的用法。本题句义为:会议持续两天还是三天不重要。分析句子可知,空格处应填入主语从句的引导词,且表示“是否”,故排除A、D两项。whether引导主语从句时既可位于句首,也可位于句中;if引导主语从句时不能位于句首,只能用于it作形式主语的句型之中。故B项为正确答案。
三、引导词有意义,作成分
(1)连接代词:who, whom, whose, what, which
whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever(无论……)
作用:连接主句与从句,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
e.g. Who made the call to him remains unknown.
谁给他打电话尚不清楚。
Whoever gains the most points wins the competition.
谁得分最多,谁就赢得比赛。
主语从句的引导词
三、引导词有意义,作成分
(1)连接代词:who, whom, whose, what, which
whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever(无论……)
作用:连接主句与从句,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
e.g. Who will attend the meeting has not been decided.
谁会参加会议还没被决定。
Who/ Whom she borrowed money from still puzzled her.
她仍然想不起来向谁借的钱。
Aha Moment
whom只有在从句中作宾语的时候才可以用
主语从句的引导词
三、引导词有意义,作成分
(1)连接代词:who, whom, whose, what, which
whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever(无论……)
作用:连接主句与从句,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
e.g. Which bus we should take is a question.
我们应该坐哪辆公共汽车是一个问题。
Whose the house is doesn’t concern me.
这是谁的房子与我无关。
主语从句的引导词
三、引导词有意义,作成分
(1)连接代词:who, whom, whose, what, which
whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever(无论……)
作用:连接主句与从句,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
e.g. What we had was so special.
我们所拥有的是如此特别。
What I saw in Shanghai impressed me deeply.
我在上海的所见所闻给我留下了深刻的印象。
主语从句的引导词
三、引导词有意义,作成分
【注意】what在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语,表示“所……的”
what I do 我所做的
what I need 我所需要的
what I miss 我所想念的
what I love 我所爱的
……
主语从句的引导词
三、引导词有意义,作成分
选一选
(1)What she wanted just a bunch of flowers. 她想要的只是一束花。
A.was B.were
(2)What he needs a bed and some water. 他需要的是一张床和一些水。
A.is B.are
A
B
Aha Moment
从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式
what引导的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于其所指代的内容
主语从句的引导词
【语法单选】
1. the doctor suggested is good for our health.
A.That B.How C.What  D.When
【解析】C。本题考查主语从句引导词的用法。本题句义为:医生建议的话对我们的健康有好处。本题从句为主语从句,从句中缺少宾语,即“建议的内容”。由此可知,C项为正确答案。
【语法单选】
2. you said to the children is really good for their study.
A.That B.Which C.Who  D.What
【解析】D。本题考查主语从句引导词的用法。本题句义为:你对孩子们说的东西真的对他们的学习很有好处。分析句子可知,应填入主语从句的引导词,且空白处在从句中作said的直接宾语。结合选项可知,只有what符合题意。故D项为正确答案。
三、引导词有意义,作成分
(2)连接副词:when, where, how, why
whenever, wherever, however(无论……)
作用:连接主句与从句,在从句中作状语
e.g. Where I spent my weekends is none of your business.
我在哪儿过周末不关你的事。
How we can improve our efficiency remains a problem.
我们怎样才能提高效率仍是一个问题。
主语从句的引导词
【语法单选】
leaves the room last should turn off the lights.
A.Anyone B.Who C.Whoever  D.The person
【解析】C。本题考查主语从句引导词的用法。本题句义为:无论谁最后离开房间都应该关灯。分析句子结构可知,本句谓语动词为should turn off,因此空格处应填入从属连词引导主语从句,且表达“无论谁”的意思。故C项为正确答案。
功能 引导词
无意义,不作成分 that
有意义,不作成分 whether/ as if/ as though
有意义,作成分 what/ who/ whom/ which/ whose/ whatever/ whoever/ whomever/ whichever
how/ when/ where/ why/ however/ whenever/ wherever
主语从句的引导词小结
主语从句
it作形式主语的主语从句
【分析】
That the college will get in more new students this year is true.
这所大学今年将招收更多的新生是事实。
That drinking coffee influences his sleep is obvious.
喝咖啡影响他的睡眠是显而易见的。
由来
【分析】
That the college will get in more new students this year is true.
这所大学今年将招收更多的新生是事实。
That drinking coffee influences his sleep is obvious.
喝咖啡影响他的睡眠是显而易见的。






头重脚轻
由来
为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在句首位置,真正主语搁置于句末
e.g. That the college will get in more new students this year is true.
It is true that the college will get in more new students this year.
由来
【把下列句子改为形式主语的句子】
(1)That you are so indifferent bothers me.
(2)That light travels in straight lines is known to all.
(3)Whether he failed in his exam is important.
【把下列句子改为形式主语的句子】
(1)That you are so indifferent bothers me.
It bothers me that you are so indifferent.
【把下列句子改为形式主语的句子】
(2)That light travels in straight lines is known to all.
It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.
【把下列句子改为形式主语的句子】
(3)Whether he failed in his exam is important.
It is important whether/ if he failed in his exam.
Aha Moment
主语从句一般由whether引导,放在句首
形式主语句型whether/ if都可以
【语法单选】
is still under discussion the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
A.That; if  B.It; if C.What; whether  D.It; whether
【解析】D。本题考查主语从句的用法。本题句义为:旧公交站是否会被一家现代旅馆取代仍在讨论中。本句为主语从句,第一个空格处为句子的主语,但是通过读题可知,句子真正的主语为从句的内容,所以第一个空格处应为形式主语it;第二个空格处引导主语从句,表示“是否”,且空格处内容可与or not构成搭配,因此,空格处应为whether。故D项为正确答案。
it作形式主语的主语从句
It is + adj. + 主语从句
It is + a/ an + n. + 主语从句
It is + 分词 + 主语从句
It + v. + 主语从句
常见句型
一、It is + adj.+主语从句
【常见的形容词】true/ obvious/ strange/ natural/ important/ wonderful/ funny/ possible
e.g. It is true that they broke up.
他们分手是正确的。
It is obvious that they broke up.
他们分手是显而易见的。
It is strange that they broke up.
他们分手是奇怪的。
常见句型
二、It is + a/ an + n. +主语从句
【常见名词】pity/ truth/ fact/ surprise/ common knowledge/ honor
e.g. It is a pity that they broke up.
很遗憾他们分手了。
It is a fact that they broke up.
他们分手是事实。
常见句型
三、It is +分词+主语从句
【常见的分词】said/ reported/ known/ agreed/ believed/ estimated/ expected/ amazing/ puzzling
e.g. It is said that they broke up.
据说他们分手了。
It is amazing that they broke up.
他们分手这件事太令人惊讶了。
It is often said that good news travels fast.
人们总说好事传千里。
常见句型
四、It + v. +主语从句
【常见动词】seem/ look/ appear/ happen/ occur/ matter/ make no difference
e.g. It seems that they broke up.
他们看起来好像分手了。
It occurs to me that they broke up.
我突然想到他们分手了。
It matters to me whether/ when/ why/ how they broke up.
他们是否/什么时候/为什么/如何分手对我来说很重要。
常见句型
【语法单选】
1. It is well known Disneyland is the place children love most.
A.what B.that C.where D.those
【解析】B。本题考查主语从句。本题句义为:众所周知,迪士尼乐园是孩子们最喜欢的地方。“It’s well know that…”为固定搭配,意为“众所周知……”。其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的主语从句。故B项为正确答案。
【语法单选】
2. is believed that travelling to Yangzhou in March is an enjoyable experience.
A.That B.This C.It D.One
【解析】C。本题考查主语从句。本题句义为:(人们)相信3月份去扬州旅行是一种美好的体验。“It+be+过去分词+主语从句”为固定用法。故C项为正确答案。
主语从句小结
【主语从句的引导词】
功能 引导词
无意义,不作成分 that
有意义,不作成分 whether/ as if/ as though
有意义,作成分 what/ who/ whom/ which/ whose/ whatever/ whoever/ whomever/ whichever
how/ when/ where/ why/ however/ whenever/ wherever
主语从句小结
【it作形式主语的主语从句】
(1)It is + adj. + 主语从句
(2)It is + a/ an + n. + 主语从句
(3)It is + 分词 + 主语从句
(4)It + v. + 主语从句
主语从句小结
【主语从句判断方法1】
句首引导词开始到第2个谓语之前结束
e.g. What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger.
杀不死你的终将使你更加强大。
Whoever gains the most points wins the competition.
谁得分最多,谁就赢得比赛。
Whether he will go out depends on the weather.
他是否出去取决于天气情况。
主语从句小结
【主语从句判断方法2】
it形式主语
e.g. That grammar is important is a fact.
It is a fact that grammar is important.
语法很重要是一个事实。
主语从句小结
宾语从句
【定义】在复合句中充当宾语成分的句子
e.g. She told me a fact.
她告诉我一个事实。
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
她告诉我她将接受我的邀请。
宾语从句
【定义】在复合句中充当宾语成分的句子
【基本模式】主句+引导词+从句(其他部分)
e.g. She told me that she would accept my invitation.
主句 引导词 从句
宾语从句
宾语从句
功能 引导词
无意义,不作成分 that
有意义,不作成分 whether/ if
有意义,作成分 what/ who/ whom/ which/ whose/ whatever/ whoever/ whomever/ whichever
how/ when/ where/ why/ however/ whenever/ wherever
宾语从句的引导词
一、引导词无意义,不作成分
【引导词】that(可省略)
【作用】连接主句与从句
e.g. I know (that) he is a good person.
我知道他是一个好人。
I think (that) he is a good person.
我认为他是一个好人。
宾语从句的引导词
【语法单选】
I really hope _____ everything goes well.
A.what B.which C.because D.that
【解析】D。本题考查宾语从句。本题句义为:我真的希望一切顺利。hope后接宾语从句,从句不缺少成分,且意义完整,要用that引导,故选D。
二、引导词有意义,不作成分
【引导词】whether/ if(是否)
【作用】连接主句与从句
e.g. They both wondered whether/ if it was indeed a shooting star.
他俩想知道那是否真的是一颗流星。
We want to know whether/ if he passed the examination.
我们想知道他是否通过了考试。
宾语从句的引导词
【语法单选】
I want to know he finished the task.
A.what  B.that C.whether  D.why
【解析】C。本题考查宾语从句中引导词的选择。本题句义为:我想知道他是否完成了任务。分析题干可知,本句为宾语从句,从句中主谓宾结构完整,再结合选项意义可知,C项为正确答案。
二、引导词有意义,不作成分
【引导词】whether/ if(是否)
【作用】连接主句与从句
【常见结构】whether…or…: 是……还是……
e.g. I am not interested in whether you like the plan or not.
我对你是否喜欢这个计划不感兴趣。
宾语从句的引导词
三、引导词有意义,作成分
(1)连接代词:who, whom, whose, what, which
whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever(无论……)
作用:连接主句与从句,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
e.g. I know who will come to the party.
我知道谁会来参加聚会。
I know who/ whom they are talking about.
我知道他们在谈论谁。
宾语从句的引导词
三、引导词有意义,作成分
(2)连接副词:when, where, how, why
whenever, wherever, however(无论……)
作用:连接主句与从句,在句中作状语
e.g. She always thinks of how she can work well.
她总是想着怎样才能把工作做好。
Could you tell me where you live
你能告诉我你住在哪里吗?
宾语从句的引导词
【语法单选】
1. I’d like to know will be elected as the President of the U.S.
A.what B.who C.whether D.which
【解析】B。本题考查宾语从句。本题句义为:我想知道谁将被选为美国总统。空格处所在句为宾语从句,连接代词在从句中为主语,指代的是人。故B项为正确答案。
【语法单选】
2. It is unwise to give a child he or she wants.
A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever
【解析】B。本题考查宾语从句。本题句义为:孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。分析题干可知,空格处应填入宾语从句的引导词,和之后的从句一起作动词give的直接宾语。however与whenever一般不引导名词性从句,故排除A、D两项。whatever意为“无论什么”;whichever意为“无论哪个/哪些”。由此可知,whatever符合句义。故B项为正确答案。
【语法单选】
3. I don’t doubt she can dance, but I doubt she is willing to do it.
A.that; if    B.if; that  C.that; that D.if; if
【解析】A。本题考查宾语从句。本题句义为:我不怀疑她会跳舞,但是我怀疑她是否愿意这么去做。分析句子可知,两个空格处都应填入宾语从句的引导词。第一个空格处在从句中不作任何成分,没有任何含义,所以用that;第二个空格处在句中也不作成分,但是具有“是否”的含义,所以用if。故A项为正确答案。
功能 引导词
无意义,不作成分 that
有意义,不作成分 whether/ if
有意义,作成分 what/ who/ whom/ which/ whose/ whatever/ whoever/ whomever/ whichever
how/ when/ where/ why/ however/ whenever/ wherever
宾语从句的引导词小结
宾语从句
宾语从句的位置
一、及物动词后的宾语从句
简单句的基本句型:
主语+谓语+宾语
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
主语+谓语+宾语从句
主语+谓语+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句
主语+谓语+间接宾语+宾语从句
宾语从句的位置
一、及物动词后的宾语从句
(1)主语+谓语+宾语从句
e.g. I know (that) he is a good person.
我知道他是一个好人。
We want to know whether/ if he passed the examination.
我想知道他是否通过了考试。
I don’t know why you bought this book.
我不知道你为什么要买这本书。
宾语从句的位置
【语法单选】
1. I heard clearly _____ she said.
A.what B.which C.because D.that
【解析】A。本题考查宾语从句。本题句义为:我清楚地听到了她说的话。根据题干和句义可知,空白处应填入引导词引导宾语从句,且该引导词在从句中作宾语,意为“什么”。故A项为正确答案。
【语法单选】
2. Do you know _____ daughter she is
A.which B.what C.whom D.whose
【解析】D。本题考查宾语从句。本题句义为:你知道她是谁的女儿吗?根据题干可知,空白处应填入引导词引导宾语从句,引导词在从句中作定语,修饰daughter。whose意为“谁的”,可以修饰daughter,且句义通顺。故D项为正确答案。
【语法单选】
3. I don’t understand _____ you said.
A.that B.what C.why D.how
【解析】B。本题考查宾语从句。本题句义为:我不明白你说的是什么。空白处所在句为宾语从句,空白处为从句的连接词,需在从句中做said的宾语,结合题意和选项可知,用what,意为“什么”。故B项为正确答案。
【语法单选】
4. He wonders the sound came from.
A.where B.when C.how D.that
【解析】A。本题考查宾语从句。本题句义为:他想知道声音从哪里来。宾语从句应使用陈述句语序。因此,当特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,应保留原来的疑问词作为引导词,并将语序改为陈述句语序,即“引导词+主语+谓语动词+其他”。又因为空格处在从句中作地点状语。故A项为正确答案。
一、及物动词后的宾语从句
(2)主语+谓语+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句
动词find, think, consider, feel, make, believe, suppose等后接宾补时,常用it作形式宾语
e.g. He thought it strange that the door opened itself.
他觉得门自己开了很奇怪。
He hasn’t made it known when he is going to get married.
他还没宣布他何时结婚。
形式宾语
宾语从句的位置
一、及物动词后的宾语从句
【形式宾语补充1】
动词like, love, hate, dislike等后虽然不出现宾补,但也会用形式宾语it指代宾语从句,构成:like/ love/ hate/ dislike + it +宾语从句
e.g. I hate it that someone asks me private questions.
我讨厌别人问我私人问题。
I love it when you smile.
我很喜欢你笑。
宾语从句的位置
一、及物动词后的宾语从句
【形式宾语补充2】固定搭配
take it for granted that 理所当然地认为
make it clear that 澄清,表明
regard it as … that 将……视为……
would appreciate it if 如果……将不胜感激
e.g. You have to make it clear what you care about.
I would appreciate it if you lent me a hand.
宾语从句的位置
【语法单选】
Mrs. Smith has made ______ clear that smoke is not allowed in the school.
A.that B.this C.what D.it
【解析】D。本题考查宾语从句。本题句义为:史密斯夫人已经明确表示学校里不允许吸烟。本句属于“主语+谓语+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句” 句型,其中it作形式宾语,that引导真正的宾语从句位于句末。故D项为正确答案。
一、及物动词后的宾语从句
(3)主语+谓语+间接宾语+宾语从句
e.g. Could you tell me where the office is?
你能告诉我办公室在哪吗?
He told me that the moon moves round the earth.
他告诉我月球绕着地区转。
宾语从句的位置
【语法单选】
1. The film is to show us happiness really looks like in spite of the misfortune we have to face.
A.what B.that C.which D.how
【解析】A。本题考查宾语从句。本题句义为:电影是要告诉我们尽管面对着不幸,幸福应该是什么样子。分析题干可知,句中从句为宾语从句,从句缺少宾语,意为“什么”。由此可知,A项为正确答案。
【语法单选】
2. Excuse me, sir. Would you tell me _____ the nearest subway station is
A.what B.how C.where D.who
【解析】C。本题考查宾语从句。本题句义为:打扰一下,先生。您能告诉我最近的地铁站在哪里吗?根据题干和句义可知,空白处应填入引导词引导宾语从句,该引导词在从句中作表语,且意为“哪里”。故C项为正确答案。
二、介词后的宾语从句
引导词以特殊疑问词(wh-/ how)为主,what和how最为常见
e.g. That depends on what we buy.
那得取决于我们买什么。
That depends on how hard you work.
那取决于你多努力工作。
I will give this book to who wants to have it.
谁想要这本书,我就给谁。
宾语从句的位置
二、介词后的宾语从句
【注意1】引导介词后的宾语从句时,whether不能换作if
e.g. It depends on whether she will appear.
这取决于她是否会出现。
I think about whether she will come next week.
我在想她下周是否会来。
宾语从句的位置
二、介词后的宾语从句
【注意2】
介词except/ but/ besides/ beyond之后作宾语从句:一般that引导
其他介词后之后作宾语从句:必须用it作形式宾语
e.g. His article is great except that some details are omitted.
他的文章很棒,只是有些细节被遗漏了。
You may depend on it that he will help you.
你可以指望他帮助你。
宾语从句的位置
三、形容词后的宾语从句
【结构】be + adj.+宾语从句
【常见形容词】sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied, proud, sorry…
e.g. I’m sure that we can work this out. 我确信我们能够解决这件事。
I’m glad that you’re having fun. 我很高兴你玩得很开心。
I’m not certain what his plans are. 我不能确定他的计划是什么。
宾语从句的位置
宾语从句的位置小结
宾语从句
宾语从句应使用陈述句语序,即:引导词+主语+谓语动词+其他
e.g. Please tell me when we will have the meeting.
请告诉我什么时候开会。
引导词在从句中作主语时,从句语序保持不变,即:引导词+谓语动词+其他
e.g. Who knows what is the matter with him
谁知道他怎么了?
I don’t know who has won the prize.
我不知道谁得了奖。
宾语从句的语序
【语法单选】
1. Rose is wondering _____.
A.what is Jim doing B.when will Lily come
C.where her mother is shopping D.how is Jack doing his homework
【解析】C。本题考查宾语从句语序。本题句义为:萝丝想知道她妈妈正在哪里购物。宾语从句应使用陈述句语序。因此,当特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,应保留原来的疑问词作为引导词,并将语序改为陈述句语序,即“引导词+主语+谓语动词+其他”。结合选项可知,C项为正确答案。
【语法单选】
2. Do you remember _____ 3 years ago
A.why you came here B.why did you come here
C.how you came here D.how did you come here
【解析】A。本题考查宾语从句语序。本题句义为:你还记得3年前为何来此的吗?根据答语可知,问句提问的是原因,所以可排除CD两项。此外,宾语从句应使用陈述句语序。因此,当特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,应保留原来的疑问词作为引导词,并将语序改为陈述句语序,即“引导词+主语+谓语动词+其他”。故A项为正确答案。
宾语从句
主句的时态为现在时或将来时:宾语从句根据需要选择不同的时态
e.g. Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began
你知道古代奥运会是什么时候开始的吗?
Can you tell me what he is doing
你能告诉我他在做什么吗?
宾语从句的时态
主句的时态为过去时:宾语从句使用过去的某一种时态(如一般过去时、过去进行时等)
e.g. I promised that I would give her more help. 我答应会给她更多的帮助。
He told us that the situation was serious. 他告诉我们情况很严重。
宾语从句表示的是客观事实、客观真理或自然现象:一般现在时
e.g. The teacher said that the earth runs around the sun.
老师说地球绕着太阳转。
宾语从句的时态
【语法单选】
1. David couldn’t find the bank and asked the policeman _____.
A.where it is B.where it was
C.where is it D.where was it
【解析】B。本题考查宾语从句语序。本题句义为:大卫没能找到银行,于是他问警察银行在哪。空白处所在句为宾语从句,从句语序应为陈述句语序,故排除CD。此外,本句时态为一般过去时,所以从句时态应与其保持一致。故B项为正确答案。
【语法单选】
2. — Could you tell me _____ for the coming summer vacation
— I’ll join a summer camp in Xi’an.
A.what did you do B.what you did
C.what will you do D.what you will do
【解析】D。本题考查宾语从句语序。本题句义为:——你能告诉我这个暑假你要做什么吗?——我将参加西安的夏令营。宾语从句要用陈述句语序,排除AC;答语是一般将来时,可推测出问句也是一般将来时,故选D。
宾语从句
宾语从句的否定转移
【定义】将从句的否定转移到主句中
【条件】① 主句主语是第一人称 I 或 we
② 主句谓语为表示“想”“认为”等含义的动词(think, consider, believe, imagine, suppose, expect)
③ 宾语从句表示否定意义
e.g. I cannot believe that you will hurt me like this.
我相信你不会这样伤害我。
I don’t think he will agree on my plan, will he
我认为他不会同意我的计划,是吗?
宾语从句小结
【宾语从句的引导词】
功能 引导词
无意义,不作成分 that
有意义,不作成分 whether/ if
有意义,作成分 what/ who/ whom/ which/ whose/ whatever/ whoever/ whomever/ whichever
how/ when/ where/ why/ however/ whenever/ wherever
宾语从句小结
【宾语从句的位置】
宾语从句小结
【宾语从句的语序】
疑问词引导宾语从句时,使用陈述句语序,但是当引导词在从句中作主语时,从句的语序应保持不变
【宾语从句的时态】
(1)主句的时态为现在时或将来时:宾语从句根据需要选择不同的时态
(2)主句的时态为过去时:宾语从句使用过去的某一种时态(如一般过去时、过去进行时等)
(3)宾语从句表示的是客观事实、客观真理或自然现象:一般现在时
宾语从句小结
【宾语从句判断方式1】动词、介词或形容词之后
e.g. I begin to believe what he said. 我开始相信他所说的话了。
I am listening to what he is going to say. 我在听他将要说的话。
I was so afraid that you were going to die. 我真害怕你会死掉。
【宾语从句判断方式2】it形式宾语
e.g. I made it clear that you must go to school.
我明确表示了你必须去学校。
宾语从句小结
表语从句
【定义】在复合句中充当表语成分的句子
e.g. My idea is good.
My idea is that the child should be sent to school.
【模式】主语+系动词+引导词+从句
【考查重点】表语从句的引导词
表语从句
功能 引导词
无意义,不作成分 that
有意义,不作成分 whether/ as if/ as though
有意义,作成分 what/ who/ whom/ which/ whose/ whatever/ whoever/ whomever/ whichever
how/ when/ where/ why/ however/ whenever/ wherever
表语从句的引导词
【模式】主语+系动词+引导词+从句
e.g. The important thing is that you’re back from the hospital.
重要的是你出院了。
He has become what he wanted to be 5 years ago.
他成为了他5年前想成为的人。
The point is whose book is the most interesting.
重点是谁的书是最有趣的。
一、普通引导词
表语从句的引导词
【注意】if 不可用于引导表语从句
e.g. The question is whether we can get in touch with her.
问题是我们是否能联系上她。
The question is if we can get in touch with her.
一、普通引导词
×
表语从句的引导词
【语法单选】
1. The reason for his absence is his mother is ill today.
A.that B.why C.what D.whether
【解析】A。本题考查表语从句的引导词。本题句义为:他今天没来的原因在于他妈妈今天生病了。分析题干可知,表语从句主系表结构和意义完整,只需要补充连接词即可。由此可知,A项为正确答案。
【语法单选】
2. Your ability has never been in doubt; the question is you are prepared to work hard.
A.that B.whether C.what  D.if
【解析】B。本题考查表语从句的引导词。本题句义为:你的能力没人怀疑,问题在于你是否准备要努力。空格后的从句为表语从句,从句主系表结构完整,空格处要表达“是否”的意义。结合选项可知,B项为正确答案。
(1)as if/ as though
【结构】主语+系动词+as if/ as though+从句
【系动词】通常为seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel…
e.g. It sounds as if you come from the south.
听起来你好像是南方人。(陈述语气)
It looks as if she were an alien.
她看起来好像是外星人。(虚拟语气)
二、特殊引导词
表语从句的引导词
(2)why/ because
【结构1】This/ That/ It+ be+ why+表语从句 表示结果
【结构2】This/ That/ It+ be+ because+表语从句 表示原因
e.g. He had seen the film before. That was why he didn’t watch it last night.
他以前看过这部电影。这就是他昨晚没去看电影的原因。
He didn’t watch the film last night. That was because he had to help his sister with her homework.
他昨晚没看电影。那是因为他不得不帮他妹妹做作业。
二、特殊引导词
说明结果
说明原因
表语从句的引导词
(2)why/ because
【注意】当主句主语为reason/ cause时,表语从句需用that引导,不用because
e.g. The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.
他迟到的原因是今早差一分钟没赶上火车。
二、特殊引导词
表语从句的引导词
【语法单选】
The cause of the traffic accident was ______ one of the drivers lost control of his car.
A.because B.why C.when D.that
【解析】D。本题考查表语从句的引导词。本题句义为:交通事故的原因是其中一名司机失去了对汽车的控制。当主句主语为cause时,表语从句需用that引导,不用because,由此可知,D项为正确答案。
【表语从句的引导词】
功能 引导词
无意义,不作成分 that
有意义,不作成分 whether/ as if/ as though
有意义,作成分 what/ who/ whom/ which/ whose/ whatever/ whoever/ whomever/ whichever
how/ when/ where/ why/ however/ whenever/ wherever
表语从句小结
【表语从句的引导词】
表语从句小结
【表语从句判断方式】系动词之后
e.g. Yesterday is history. Tomorrow is a mystery. Today is a gift. That’s why it’s called the present!
昨天是历史。明天是个谜。今天是一件礼物。因此它才被称为present!
表语从句小结
同位语从句
【同位语】对一个事物的补充说明它们位置相同,相互补充
e.g. Beijing, the capital of China, is the political and cultural center.
北京,中国的首都,是政治和文化的中心。
【同位语从句】用完整的句子对事物内容补充
e.g. I got a message.
我得到一个消息。
I got a message that I passed the exam.
我得到一个消息,我通过了考试。
【结构】抽象名词+引导词+从句
同位语从句
同位语从句
同位语从句
功能 引导词
无意义,不作成分 that
有意义,不作成分 whether
有意义,作成分 what/ who/ whom/ which/ whose/ whatever/ whoever/ whomever/ whichever
how/ when/ where/ why/ however/ whenever/ wherever
同位语从句的引导词
一、引导词that/ whether
【结构】抽象名词+that/ whether+从句
e.g. The news that we won the game is exciting.
我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise.
我们相信张伟会守信的。
We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.
我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。
同位语从句的引导词
二、引导词wh-/ how
【结构】抽象名词+wh-/ how从句
e.g. I have no idea who will win the game.
我不知道谁会赢得比赛。
I have no idea when he will come back home.
我不知道他什么时候回家。
同位语从句的引导词
【语法单选】
1. They can’t believe the fact Mike failed in the English exam.
A.which B.what C.why D.that
【解析】D。本题考查同位语从句的引导词。本题句义为:他们不能相信这一事实,迈克居然没通过英语考试。空格后的从句为同位语从句,从句主谓宾结构完整,只需用没有具体意义的连接词引导从句即可。由此可知,D项为正确答案。
【语法单选】
2. is no possibility Bob can win the first prize in the match.
A.It; that B.There; that
C.There; whether D.It; whether
【解析】B。本题考查同位语从句的引导词。本题句义为:本题句义为:鲍勃在比赛中获得一等奖毫无可能。分析句子可知,第一个空格处与后面的is应构成There be结构;此外,第二个空格处后为同位语从句,空格处在从句中不作成分,也没有实际的含义。故B项为正确答案。
【语法单选】
3. The manager has come to the conclusion ______ Alex is the right person for the job.
A.what B.that C.which D.as
【解析】B。本题考查同位语从句的引导词。本题句义为:经理已经得出结论,亚历克斯是这项工作的合适人选。空格后的从句为同位语从句,从句主谓宾结构完整,只需用没有具体意义的连接词引导从句即可。由此可知,B项为正确答案。
【语法单选】
4. He expressed the hope ______ we should go and visit his country.
A.which B.that C.if D.whether
【解析】B。本题考查同位语从句。此句句义为:他表示希望我们去访问他的国家。同位语从句在复合句中作名词的同位语,一般位于名词之后,用于说明名词的具体内容或对名词做出进一步的解释。因此,常跟同位语从句的名词通常为一些表示抽象含义的词,如news、hope等。在题干中,空格处后面的句子句义完整且不缺成分,是对hope的进一步解释,因此空格处应填入从属连词that。故正确答案为B。
同位语从句
分离式同位语从句
【定义】同位语从句可能与所修饰的名词被其他成分隔开
【结构】抽象名词+其他成分+that+从句
e.g. He got the news from Mary that the party was put off.
他从玛丽那里得到了聚会被推迟的消息。
A saying goes that practice makes perfect.
俗话说熟能生巧。
同位语从句小结
【同位语从句的引导词】
功能 引导词
无意义,不作成分 that
有意义,不作成分 whether
有意义,作成分 what/ who/ whom/ which/ whose/ whatever/ whoever/ whomever/ whichever
how/ when/ where/ why/ however/ whenever/ wherever
同位语从句小结
【同位语从句判断方式1】跟在抽象名词后:抽象名词+引导词+从句
e.g. He made the suggestion that they go for a drive.
他建议他们开车去兜兜风。
【同位语从句判断方式2】从句与所修饰的抽象名词被其他成分隔开:抽象名词+其他成分 +引导词+从句
e.g. The fact has worried many scientists that the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.
地球近年来变得越来越暖的事实引发了许多科学家的担忧。
同位语从句小结
名词性从句小结
【名词性从句的引导词】
功能 引导词
无意义,不作成分 that
有意义,不作成分 whether (if/ as if/ as though)
有意义,作成分 what/ who/ whom/ which/ whose/ whatever/ whoever/ whomever/ whichever
how/ when/ where/ why/ however/ whenever/ wherever
名词性从句小结
【名词性从句的引导词】
(1)that 在宾语从句中可省略
(2)whose和which后要跟名词
e.g. Please tell me which job you want to apply for.
请告诉我你想申请哪份工作。
Whose book it is means nothing.
这是谁的书无所谓。
名词性从句小结
【名词性从句的引导词】
(3)whether/ if 引导名词性从句的区别
① 从句中有or或or not的时候用whether
e.g. We didn’t know whether she was ready or not.
我们不知道她是否准备好了。
② 和不定式连用时只能用whether
e.g. I don’t know whether to go to the party.
我不知道是否去参加聚会。
名词性从句小结
【名词性从句的引导词】
(3)whether/ if 引导名词性从句的区别
③ 放在句首的主语从句多用whether,形式主语whether/ if都可以
e.g. Whether he will come to the party makes no difference to me.
他是否来参加聚会对我来说没有关系。他是否出去还没有决定。
It hasn’t been decided whether/ if he will go out.
他是否出去还没有决定。
名词性从句小结
【名词性从句的引导词】
(3)whether/ if 引导名词性从句的区别
④ 表语从句引导词多为whether
e.g. The question is whether we can pass the exam.
问题是我们能否通过考试。
⑤ 同位语从句引导词只能用whether
e.g. We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.
我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。
名词性从句小结
【名词性从句的引导词】
(3)whether/ if 引导名词性从句的区别
⑥ 介词后的宾语从句、被前置的宾语从句可以用if引导,只能用whether
e.g. I’m thinking about whether I should go to the party.
我在考虑是否应该去参加晚会。
Whether he could afford the rent I asked.
我问他是否付得起房租。
名词性从句小结
判断下列句子是用whether还是if来引导
(1)( )I like him or not is obvious.
(2)The teacher focuses on ( ) her students can improve their grades.
(3)I will see ( ) she is brilliant.
(4)It’s doubtful ( ) they will give me another chance.
  
whether/ if
whether/ if
Whether
whether
【语法单选】
______ he does has nothing to do with me.
A.That B.Who C.What D.If
【解析】C。本题考查主语从句的引导词。此句句意为:他做什么都与我无关。分析题干和句意可知,空白处需填入引导词引导主语从句,引导词在从句中作does的宾语。that、who、what、if均可作为引导词引导主语从句,但是that是从属连词,在句中不作任何成分,没有实际意义,排除A选项;who是连接代词,可在从句中作宾语,但不符合句意,排除B选项;if不能置于句首,排除D选项。故正确答案为C。
【语法填空】
1. I don’t understand ______ you said.
【解析】what。本题考查宾语从句的引导词。此句句义为:我不明白你说的是什么。分析题干和句义可知,空白处需填入引导词引导宾语从句,引导词在从句中作said的宾语。what是连接代词,意为“什么”,可在从句中作宾语,代入句中符合句义。
定语从句
【定语】修饰、限定、说明名词或代词,可以是形容词,也可以是短语
一朵花 a flower
一朵漂亮的花 a beautiful flower
一朵七色花 a flower with seven colors
一朵我今早摘的花?
一朵我朋友从云南寄来的花?
什么是定语从句?
定语从句
【定语从句】在复合句中起定语作用的句子,在句中充当形容词的角色,又称“形容词性从句”
一朵花 a flower
一朵漂亮的花 a beautiful flower
一朵七色花 a flower with seven colors
一朵我今早摘的花 a flower that I plucked this morning
一朵我朋友从云南寄来的花 a flower that my friend sent from Yunnan
定语从句
【分析】
a flower that my friend sent from Yunnan
被修饰词
从句引导词
先行词
关系词
定语从句
定语从句
【结构】先行词(被修饰的名词) + 关系词 + 定语从句
I have a friend. She is a doctor. 我有个朋友。她是一名医生。
I have a friend who is a doctor. 我有一个当医生的朋友。
定语从句
先行词
关系词
定语从句
定语从句
定语从句的关系词
关系代词
先行词 关系代词
物 that, which
人 that, who, whom
表示人/物的所属关系 whose
关系词
关系代词
定语从句的先行词是物时
(1)关系词可以用that、which,二者互相替换
(2)关系词在从句中充当宾语成分时,可以省略
e.g. The video game (that/ which) I’m playing is interesting.
我正在玩的电子游戏很有趣。
关系词
【语法单选】
They worked in a company ____ made computers.
A.which B.where
C.how D.what
【解析】A。本题考查定语从句的关系代词。此句句义为:他们在一家制造电脑的公司工作。分析题干和句义可知,空白处需填入定语从句的关系词,在从句中作主语。先行词a company是物,关系代词可以用which或that,选项中没有that,因此正确答案为A。
关系代词
【只用that不用which的情况】
(1)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
e.g. The first thing (that) I do after waking up is to check my phone for new messages.
我醒来第一件事就是看手机有没有新消息。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
【只用that不用which的情况】
(2)当先行词被something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词或被any, all, no, little, few, much等修饰时
e.g. Try your best to write down everything (that) the professor said.
尽你最大努力去记下教授所说的每一件事情。
All that can be done has been done.
所有能做的都已经做了。
There is little (that) we can do for you.
我们几乎不能为你做什么了。
关系代词
【只用that不用which的情况】
(3)当先行词被the very(正是的、恰好的), the only, the same, the last修饰时
e.g. This is the very book that I am looking for.
这正是我在找的那本书。
This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.
这正是我昨天丢失的那个包。
关系代词
【只用that不用which的情况】
(4)当先行词既有人又有物时
e.g. The director and her film that you love are very popular in our country.
你喜欢的那位导演和她的电影在我们国家很受欢迎。
(5)当关系词在定语从句中作表语时
e.g. The city is no longer the one that it once was 10 years ago.
这个城市已经不再是10年前的样子了。
关系代词
【只用that不用which的情况】
(6)当主句的主语为which,或前面已出现which作关系词时
e.g. Which is the dress that fits me most
哪件衣服最适合我?
He built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
他创建了一家工厂,生产过去从未见过的东西。
关系代词
【语法单选】
1. All _____ you can do to comfort her is to listen to her patiently.
A.what B.that
C.which D.who
【解析】B。本题考查先行词被all修饰时,关系代词的选择。此句句义为:为安慰她,你能做的一切就是耐心地听她说。分析题干和句义可知,空白处需填入关系代词。当先行词被all等修饰时,关系词只能用that,不能用which,因此正确答案为B。
【语法单选】
2. It is the first book of this kind _____ I’ve ever read.
A.that B.which
C.what D.when
【解析】A。本题考查先行词被first修饰时,关系代词的选择。此句句义为:这是我看过的这种类型的第一本书。分析题干和句义可知,空白处需填入关系代词。当先行词被first等修饰时,关系词只能用that,不能用which,因此正确答案为A。
关系代词
定语从句的先行词是人时
关系词可以用that、who、whom
① 关系词that与who在从句中充当主语时,不可省略
e.g. I know the girl that/ who spoke to you just now.
我认识刚才和你说话的那个女孩。
Jia Ling is the director that/ who used to be an actress.
贾玲就是那个过去曾是演员的导演。
关系词
关系代词
定语从句的先行词是人时
关系词可以用that、who、whom
② 关系词who与whom在从句中可充当宾语时,可以省略
e.g. I know the girl (who/ whom) you invited.
我认识你邀请来的那个女孩。
Jia Ling is the director (who/ whom) I love so much.
贾玲是我非常爱的导演。
关系词
【只用who/ whom不用that的情况】
当先行词为one(s), anyone, everyone, none, all, no one且指人时,关系代词常用who/ whom,而不用that
e.g. Anyone who is for us is our friend.
任何支持我们的人都是我们的朋友。
关系代词
【语法单选】
1. The hall was named after the professor ______ had made great contributions to the university.
A.which B.who
C.whose D.whom
【解析】B。本题考查先行词是人时,关系代词的选择。此句句义为:这个礼堂以这位教授的名字命名,他/她为大学做出了卓越贡献。分析题干和句义可知,先行词professor是人,在从句中作主语,关系词用who,而不用whom或that,因此正确答案为B。
【语法单选】
2. Anyone ________ comes late should be punished.
A.who B.whom
C.they D.that
【解析】A。本题考查先行词是anyone时,关系代词的选择。此句句义为:任何迟到的人应该得到惩罚。分析题干和句义可知,先行词anyone指人,关系代词一般用who或whom,不用that。因此正确答案为A。
关系代词
当先行词与从句的主语构成从属关系时,定语从句用whose来引导
e.g. She has a boyfriend. His father is a doctor.
She has a boyfriend whose father is a doctor.
她有个男朋友,他的爸爸是医生。
Aha Moment
whose表示所有关系,后边要接名词,作用如同物主代词my, your, her, his, their, our一样,表示“某人的”。
e.g. Whose umbrella is this
这把雨伞是谁的?
关系词
关系代词
当先行词与从句的主语构成从属关系时,定语从句用whose来引导
【注意】whose既可指人,也可指物
e.g. The actor whose performance is impressive won the award.
这位演员的表演让人印象深刻,他获了奖。
The book whose cover consists of a planet and a woman is a bestseller.
这本封面上有星球和女人的书是畅销书。
关系词
【完成句子】
I see some ____________ (树的叶子是黑色的) because of the polluted air (空气污染) .
【解析】trees whose leaves are black。考查定语从句中的关系副词whose。分析句子结构可知,空白处应填入先行词trees和修饰trees的定语从句。叶子与树是从属关系,关系词用whose。
【语法单选】
1. This test is for students ______ native language is not English.
A.whose B.that
C.of whom D.which
【解析】A。本题考查whose引导的定语从句。句义为:这个测试是为母语非英语的学生设计的。分析题干和句义可知,native language与students构成所属关系(students’ native language),关系代词用whose。因此正确答案为A。
【语法单选】
2. This is a book _____ cover is very interesting.
A.which B.that
C.of which D.whose
【解析】D。本题考查whose引导的定语从句。句义为:这是一本封面非常有趣的书。分析题干和句义可知,book与cover构成所属关系(a book’s cover),虽然book是物,但关系代词也用whose。因此正确答案为D。
关系代词小结
这段对话中,定语从句一共出现了几次?
【补全对话】
— Who is the guy ______ helped you with your math homework
— Oh, that was Jerry. He is the one ______ came to the party which our teachers organized.
— Oh, right! He was the guy ______ was wearing an orange cap.
— Yeah, that’s him. He is in love with my classmate, Grace ______ he met last year.
— He helped me with the homework ______ was due yesterday.
who
that
whom
who
that
/ who
/ which
定语从句的关系词
关系副词
先行词 关系词
时间 when
地点 where
原因 why
关系词
关系副词
当先行词是时间时,用关系副词when,先行词在从句中作时间状语
e.g. 17th November 2011 is the day when Empresses in the Palace aired (播出).
2011年11月17日是《甄嬛传》开播的日子。
关系词
关系副词
当先行词是时间时,用关系副词when,先行词在从句中作时间状语
e.g. 17th November 2011 is the day when Empresses in the Palace aired (播出).
17th November 2011 is the day.
Empresses in the Palace aired on the day.
17th November 2011 is the day on which Empresses in the Palace aired.
时间状语
which
关系词
关系副词
当先行词是时间时,用关系副词when,可根据句义与介词+which互换
e.g. 17th November 2011 is the day when Empresses in the Palace aired (播出).
2011年11月17日是《甄嬛传》开播的日子。
17th November 2011 is the day on which Empresses in the Palace aired.
关系词
关系副词
当先行词是地点时,用关系副词where,关系词在从句中作地点状语
e.g. The Globe is the theatre where Shakespeare once worked.
环球剧场是莎士比亚曾经工作过的地方。
关系词
关系副词
当先行词是地点时,用关系副词where,关系词在从句中作地点状语
e.g. The Globe is the theatre where Shakespeare once worked.
环球剧场是莎士比亚曾经工作过的地方。
The Globe is the theatre.
Shakespeare once worked in the theatre .
The Globe is the theatre in which Shakespeare once worked.
地点状语
which
关系词
关系副词
当先行词是地点时,用关系副词where,可根据句义与介词+which互换
e.g. The Globe is the theatre where Shakespeare once worked.
环球剧场是莎士比亚曾经工作过的地方。
The Globe is the theatre in which Shakespeare once worked.
关系词
关系副词
当先行词reason表“原因”,且在从句中作原因状语时,关系词用why
e.g. I don’t know the reason why he is so upset.
我不知道他为什么那样心烦意乱。
She never told me the reason why she dropped out.
她从没有告诉我她为何退学。
关系词
关系副词
当先行词reason表“原因”,且在从句中作原因状语时,关系词用why
【注意】有时候why可以用for which来替换
e.g. This is the reason why you lost the race.
= This is the reason for which you lost the race.
这是你输掉这场比赛的原因。
关系词
. . . when we needed him most.
. . . why he was punished.
. . . where Philip worked 5 years ago.
He came at a time . . .
I know nothing about the reason . . .
This is the factory . . .
先行词是地点关系词用where
先行词是时间关系词用when
先行词是原因关系词用
why
【连一连】
【听歌填词】
She is the one _____ you’ll never forget.
She is the heaven sent angel you met.
She must be _____________ God made a girl.
She is so pretty all over the world.
that
the reason why
She is the one that you’ll never forget. 见过她你便永远不能忘记。
She is the heaven sent angel you met. 见过她你便知道她是天使。
Oh she must be the reason why God made a girl. 她就是上帝创造女孩的理由。
She is so pretty all over the world. 走遍世界,她也是如此美丽。
Aha Moment
She is the heaven sent angel you met一句严格意义上来说并不符合语法规范,不过许多英文歌曲的歌词都会为了唱起来朗朗上口,而忽略语法的细节。你可以尝试用定语从句的语法知识修正这个句子。
【听歌填词】
【比较】
(1)This is the house where/ in which I live.
(in the house 在从句作地点状语,关系词用where/ in which)
(2)This is the house which/ that I like.
(house在从句作宾语,关系词用which/ that)
I live in the house.
I like the house.
表时间、地点、原因的先行词在从句作状语,用关系副词引导定语从句
关系副词
表时间、地点、原因的先行词在从句作状语,用关系副词引导定语从句
e.g. I’ll never forget the time when/ during which I spent with you.
I’ll never forget the time which/ that I spent with you.
This is the reason why we are successful.
This is the reason which/ that made us successful.
在从句作状语
在从句作状语
在从句作宾语
在从句作主语
关系副词
【选词填空】
This is the museum _________ my mother worked 10 years ago.
This is the museum _________ was built in 1950.
which
where
在从句作状语
在从句作主语
【选词填空】
July 1, 1921 was the day ________ the Chinese Communist Party was founded.
July 1, 1921 was the day ________ we will never forget.
when
that
在从句作状语
在从句作宾语
【语法单选】
1. The reason ________ he rejected our plan is that he had no faith in us.
A.which B.that
C.why D.because
【解析】C。本题考查先行词是reason时,关系词的选择。句义为:他拒绝我们计划的原因是他不信任我们。根据所学,先行词是reason并且在从句中充当原因状语时,关系词只能是why。因此正确答案为C。
【语法单选】
2. He gave us a reason ________ seemed to be acceptable.
A.because B.since
C.why D.that
【解析】D。本题考查定语从句的引导词。句义为:他给我们的原因听起来可以接受。reason在从句中充当主语,所以关系词不能用why,而是用that。因此正确答案为D。
【语法单选】
3. The reason ______ he was late for the gathering is ______ he was caught in a traffic jam.
A.why; because B.that; why C.that; that D.why; that
【解析】D。本题考查定语从句定语从句和表语从句。此句句义为:他聚会迟到的原因是他遇到了交通堵塞。分析题干和句义可知,第一空需填入关系词来引导定语从句,修饰先行词reason,关系词在从句中作原因状语。关系副词可在从句中作状语,关系代词可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。因此,第一空应填入关系副词why,而非关系代词that,排除B、C两项。第二空需填入引导词引导表语从句,当主句的主语为reason时,表语从句需用that引导,而不能用because,排除A选项。故正确答案为D。
Aha Moment
表时间、地点、原因的先行词在从句作状语,用关系副词引导定语从句。
关系副词小结
定语从句的关系词
三、介词+关系代词
当被指代的先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语,与介词构成介宾短语时,定语从句常由“介词+关系代词”引导。
先行词 关系词
人 介词 + whom
物 介词 + which
关系词
三、介词+关系代词
先行词指人,用“介词+whom”
e.g. ① He is the man.
② We’re trying to get away from the man.
【组合1】He is the man who/ whom we’re trying to get away from.
【组合2】He is the man from whom we’re trying to get away.
介词+whom
Aha Moment
介词+关系代词更正式
关系词
【完成句子】
He is the monitor (班长) ______________________ (我们都相信的) .
提示:相信某人 believe in sb.
【解析】in whom we all believe、who/ whom we all believe in。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空白处应填入修饰先行词monitor的定语从句,monitor作词组believe in的宾语,所以可填who/ whom we all believe in;介词in提前,可构成介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,故还可填in whom we all believe。
三、介词+关系代词
先行词指物,用“介词+which”
e.g. This is the library in which he works.
这是他工作的图书馆。
It is impossible to know the day on which he was born.
不可能知道他是哪天出生的。
The reason for which he was late is that he got lost.
他迟到的原因是迷路了。
关系词
【语法单选】
1. Can you lend me the novel _____ yesterday
A.about which you talked B.that you talked
C.about that you talked D.which you talked
【解析】A。本题考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。句义为:你可以借我那本你昨天谈论的小说吗?常见用法talk about sth.,先行词the novel作为talk about的宾语,about放至关系词之前,关系词用which。因此正确答案为A。
【语法单选】
2. That was the office _____ they could look out to the sea.
A.from which B.from where
C.that D.which
【解析】A。本题考查定语从句关系代词作介词宾语的用法。本句句义为:就是那间办公室可以从里面向外看到大海。由题可知,题干包含定语从句,从句主谓宾结构齐全。空格处指代先行词the office,在从句中应与介词相搭配,共同构成状语,所以空格处关系代词要作介词的宾语。由此可知,A项为正确答案。
介词+关系代词
(1) 当先行词是the way,且在从句中作方式状语时,定语从句的关系词可以是that/ in which,或者省略
e.g. I don’t like the way (that) he speaks.
我不喜欢他讲话的方式。
The way (that/ in which) we work has changed a lot in the past decade.
在过去的十年中,我们的工作方式已经发生了很大的改变。
介词+关系代词
(2)当先行词是time时,关系词根据time的词义有所不同
当time表示“一段时间”时,关系词用when或“介词+which”
当time表示“次数”时,关系词用that或省略
e.g. I can’t remember clearly how many times (that) I have told you.
我记不清我告诉过你多少次了。
We live in a time when/ during which there are many high-tech products.
我们生活在一个高科技产品层出不穷的时代。
介词+关系代词小结
【缩写句子】
将句中的定语从句删掉,缩写以下句子。
例:The video game that I’m playing is interesting. 我正在玩的游戏很有趣。
缩写为:The video game is interesting. 这游戏很有趣。
1. The boy who is catching butterflies is my brother.
2. I still remember the days when we were young.
3. I love the village in which I was born.
1. The boy who is catching butterflies is my brother.
The boy is my brother.
2. I still remember the days when we were young.
I still remember the days.
3. I love the village in which I was born.
I love the village.
who引导的定语从句修饰先行词boy,意为“抓蝴蝶的男孩”
when引导的定语从句修饰先行词days,意为“我们还年轻的那些日子”
先行词village在从句中作介词in的宾语,用in which引导宾语从句,意为“我出生的那个村庄”
定语从句的关系词小结
定语从句
定语从句的分类
【功能】对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,是关于先行词的必要信息,通过限制性定语从句缩小先行词所指代的人或物的范围
【特征】限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句义就不完整,也不能用逗号将其与先行词隔开
e.g. The woman who is practicing Tai Chi over there is my mother.
在那边练太极的女人是我妈妈。
一、限制性定语从句
想象在某个公园里有许多人,而你要告诉别人“在那边练太极的女人”是你的妈妈,“练太极的”就是关于你的妈妈的必要信息,如果不指出这个信息别人就不知道哪位是你的妈妈,这就是限制性定语从句的功能。
Aha Moment
定语从句的分类
【功能】与先行词关系不十分密切,只是对其作一些附加说明,是对于先行词的补充信息
【特征】如果将非限制性定语从句省去,主句的意义仍然完整,常用逗号将其与先行词隔开
e.g. I love my mother, who practices Tai Chi everyday.
我爱我的妈妈,她每天练太极。
二、非限制性定语从句
Aha Moment
在这个句子中,“我的妈妈”已经在主句中被清晰地标明,不再需要被限定,逗号之后的非限制性定语从句只是对于“妈妈”的补充说明,省去也并不影响主句的信息。
定语从句的分类
【注意】除that和why不能引导非限制定语从句外,关系代词、关系副词及“介词+关系代词”结构都可引导非限制性定语从句,最常见的是which和who
e.g. This painting, which was created by the famous artist Van Gogh, is called “The Starry Night”.
这幅画叫做《星夜》,由著名艺术家梵高创作。
My grandfather, who fought in the World War II, loved telling stories.
我的祖父喜欢讲故事,他曾在二战中战斗。
二、非限制性定语从句
定语从句的分类
【注意】除that和why不能引导非限制定语从句外,关系代词、关系副词及“介词+关系代词”结构都可引导非限制性定语从句,最常见的是which和who
e.g. The house, whose door is red, is my teacher’s home.
那个门是红色的房子是我老师的家。
We went to Chengdu, where we stayed for a week.
我们去了成都,在那儿待了一周。
There are many flowers in the garden, most of which are yellow.
花园里有许多花,其中大多数是黄色的。
二、非限制性定语从句
定语从句的分类
【语法单选】
1. My sister, ______ works in Shanghai, sends me an email almost every day.
A.who B.which
C.that D.whom
【解析】A。本题考查非限制性定语从句。本句句义为:我的姐姐在上海工作,几乎每天给我发邮件。分析句子结构可知,本句包含一个非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,且先行词指人,故空白处应填入关系代词who。which引导定语从句时,先行词指物;that不能引导非限制性定语从句;whom引导定语从句时在从句中作宾语。因此正确答案为A。
【语法单选】
2. Jim changed his mind, ______ made me very angry.
A.who   B.whom
C.which D.that
【解析】C。本题考查定语从句的相关用法。本句句义为:吉姆改变了主意,这让我很生气。分析题干和句义可知,空白处应填一个关系词来引导非限制性定语从句,本题中先行词为逗号前的句子,故关系词选择which。故C项为正确答案。
【语法单选】
3. Opposite is a concert hall, ______ you can meet many great musicians.
A.whom B.whose C.as D.where
【解析】D。本题考查非限制性定语从句。此句句义为:对面是一个音乐厅,在那里你可以见到许多伟大的音乐家。分析题干和句义可知,空格处需填入关系词来引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词a concert hall;关系词在从句中作地点状语,因此应用表示地点的关系副词where。故正确答案为D。
定语从句的分类
关系词as既可引导限制性定语从句,又可引导非限制性定语从句,常用于各种固定结构
(1)as引导限制性定语从句常用于结构the same…as…/ such…as…中
e.g. I will buy the same computer as you have.
我要买与你(拥有的那台电脑)一样的电脑。
I have never heard such stories as he tells.
我从未听过他讲的这类故事。
定语从句的分类
关系词as既可引导限制性定语从句,又可引导非限制性定语从句,常用于各种固定结构
(2)as引导非限制性定语从句常见结构
As you/ we/ I know 如你(们)/我们/我所知
As is known to all 众所周知
As mentioned above 如之前提到的
As I expected 如我之前所预料的
定语从句的分类
关系词as既可引导限制性定语从句,又可引导非限制性定语从句,常用于各种固定结构
(2)as引导非限制性定语从句常见结构
e.g. As you know, she is a writer.
如你所知,她是一位作家。
As is known to all, Beijing is the capital of China.
众所周知,北京是中国的首都。

定语从句总结
【完成句子】
1. There is a boy downstairs ___________________ (想见你).
2. She is a reporter ______________________________________ (每个人都想和她做朋友).
3. Tom won the first prize, _____________________ (每个人都知道).
who wants to see you
with whom everyone wants to make friends
which everyone knows
状语从句
在英语中,有修饰作用的成分只有两个:定语和状语
定语:修饰名词
状语:修饰除了名词之外的任何成分
修饰动词
Please could you speak more slowly 请您说慢点好吗?
修饰形容词
They are completely innocent. 他们是完全无辜的。
修饰整个句子
Frankly, his lesson is very boring. 坦白地说,他的课很无聊。
什么是状语?
状语从句
【定义】在复合句中起状语作用的句子,可以修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子
e.g. 我喝冰可乐。 I drink iced cola.
我吃火锅的时候喝冰可乐。 I drink iced cola when I have hotpot.
不管到哪里,我都喝冰可乐。 Wherever I go, I drink iced cola.
我喝冰可乐,因为它好喝。 I drink iced cola because it tastes good.
我喝冰可乐让自己冷静一下。 I drink iced cola in order that I calm down.
什么是状语从句?
状语从句
【定义】在复合句中起状语作用的句子,可以修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子
e.g. 我喝冰可乐。 I drink iced cola.
我喝了冰可乐,结果肚子疼。 I drank iced cola so I have a stomachache.
如果我们今晚吃火锅,我就要喝冰可乐。If we have hotpot tonight, I’ll drink iced cola.
哪怕天气很冷,我也要喝冰可乐。 Although it’s freezing, I drink iced cola.
我喝冰可乐比他喝得多。 I drink more iced cola than he does.
我像喝红酒一样喝冰可乐。 I drink iced cola as if it was red wine.
状语从句
如果我们今晚吃火锅,我就喝冰可乐。
哪怕天气很冷,我也喝冰可乐。
我喝冰可乐比他喝得多。
我像喝红酒一样喝冰可乐。
我在吃火锅的时候喝冰可乐。
不管到哪里,我都喝冰可乐。
我喝冰可乐,因为它好喝。
我喝冰可乐让自己冷静一下。
我喝了冰可乐,结果肚子疼。
【热身】红字部分分别表示什么样的内容呢?
原因
方式
地点
时间
目的
结果
条件
比较
让步






















状语从句
从句类型 从属连词
时间状语从句 when, while, as, since, until, before, after, as soon as…
地点状语从句 where, wherever…
原因状语从句 because, as, since, now that, in that…
目的状语从句 so that, in order that…
结果状语从句 so…that, so that, such that, such…that
状语从句
从句类型 从属连词
条件状语从句 if, unless, as/ so long as
让步状语从句 though, although, even though/ if, as, while,
no matter+疑问词
比较状语从句 as…as…, than, the+比较级……, the+比较级……
方式状语从句 as, as if, as though, (in) the way
状语从句
时间状语从句
【功能】用来表示主句动作发生的时间
引导时间状语从句的连词 when, while, as 当……的时候;与……同时
since 自从……
till, until 直到……
before, after 在…之前/之后
as soon as 一……就……
any time 任何时候
every time 每次
时间状语从句
when, while, as都可以表示“在……的时候;与……同时”,都可以用来引出一件事情发生的时间段或背景情况
e.g. — Did you answer the phone 你接电话了吗?
— No. He called me while I was leading a meeting.
— No. He called me when I was leading a meeting.
— No. He called me as I was leading a meeting.
我没接。他在我主持会议时打电话给我。
一、when, while, as
时间状语从句
【注意】when, while, as区别
(1)when和as表示主句和从句的动作同时或先后发生,从句谓语既可用延续性动词,又可用非延续性动词
e.g. When my mother came in, I was writing a novel.
我妈妈进来时,我正在写小说。
As we grow older, we become tougher.
随着年龄的增长,我们变得更坚韧。
Aha Moment
延续性动词:所表示的动作可以延续,如rain, wait, stay, sleep等;
非延续性动词:所表示的动作不可以延续,如arrive, come, buy, find等。
一、when, while, as
时间状语从句
【注意】when, while, as区别
(2)while表示主句与从句的动作同时发生,从句的谓语只能用延续性动词
e.g. You can go swimming while I’m having lunch.
我吃午饭时你可以去游泳。
We have been burgled while we were asleep.
我们睡觉的时候让贼入室偷了。
一、when, while, as
时间状语从句
【语法填空】
One will be happy when he _______ (help) others.
【解析】helps。本题考查动词的时态。空白处所在句的句义为:当一个人帮助别人时,他会很高兴。分析句子结构可知,本句包含一个时间状语从句,主句为一般将来时,从句为一般现在时,且从句主语为he,空白处应用动词的第三人称单数形式。故填helps。
二、since
since引导时间状语从句时,意为“自从……以来”,从句的谓语既可用延续性动词,又可用非延续性动词
since引导的从句常用一般过去时,此时主句一般用现在完成时
e.g. He hasn’t heard from his friend since the war started.
主句现在完成时 从句一般过去式
自从战争开始,他就没有收到朋友的来信。
Aha Moment
【词汇扩展】hear from:收到某人来信
时间状语从句
【常见句型】It is+时间段+since引导的从句
e.g. It is a long time since he studied English.
他好久没学英语了。
It is several months since we last met.
自从我们上次见面到现在已经有好几个月了。
二、since
时间状语从句
不见李生久,佯狂真可哀——杜甫《不见》
【完成句子】
如何翻译“不见李生久”呢?
It is a long time ______ I met Li Bai last time.
意思是:已经好久没有见到李白,他狂放疯癫,令人悲哀。
since
三、until, till
【含义】引导时间状语从句时,意为“到……时,直到……为止”
【用法】在肯定句中,二者可以互换,主句的谓语用延续性动词
e.g. They studied until/ till it was dark.
他们一直学习到天黑。
You can stay here until/ till the rain stops.
你可以待在这里直到雨停。
时间状语从句
三、until, till
【注意】在否定句、强调句或位于句首时,一般只用until
【固定搭配】not…until意思是“直到……才”,表示某个动作或事件直到某个时间点之后才开始,not放在句首时,句子用倒装结构
e.g. Not until I was ten did I know about giraffes.
我直到十岁才知道长颈鹿这个动物。
= I didn’t know about giraffes until I was ten.
时间状语从句
【完成句子】
__________________ (他才被迫离开了家乡) until the war broke out.
【解析】He wasn’t forced to leave his hometown。分析句子结构可知,句子包含一个时间状语从句,并为not…until…句型,意为“直到……才”,空白处为主句;根据broke out可知,从句为一般过去时,空白处也应为一般过去时。
(1)before (conj. 连词) 在……之前
e.g. It will take a long time before the game is over.
还要很长时间游戏才能结束。
He had resigned just before he got promoted.
他恰好在得到晋升之前辞职了。
四、before, after
时间状语从句
(1)before (conj. 连词) 在……之前
【句型】It is/ was/ will be+(一段)时间+before... 要过多久才……
e.g. It will be two hours before the meeting ends.
会议要两个小时才结束。
It was not long before I knew the truth.
不久之后我就知道了真相。
四、before, after
时间状语从句
(2)after (conj. 连词) 在……之后
e.g. He went to school after he had breakfast.
吃了早饭之后,他就去上学了。
He will go to Beijing after he finishes the final exam.
他期末考试后要去北京。
四、before, after
时间状语从句
【注意】before和after后面既可以接完整的句子,引导时间状语从句,也可以接名词和动词的ing形式,在句中作时间状语
e.g. He had resigned just before he got promoted. 他恰好在得到晋升之前辞职了。
He went to school after he had breakfast. 吃了早饭之后,他就去上学了。
四、before, after
= He had resigned just before promotion.
= He went to school after (having) breakfast.
时间状语从句
Aha Moment
常见搭配:as soon as possible,意为“尽快” “越快越好”
时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句时,意为“一……就……”,表示主句的动作与从句的动作几乎同时发生,强调两个事件发生的即时性和紧密性
e.g. I will call you as soon as I get home.
我一到家就给你打电话。
As soon as the sun sets, we’ll start the campfire.
太阳一落山,我们就开始篝火晚会。
五、as soon as
【语法单选】
— Will you please give the key to Tom
— Sure, I’ll give it to him ______ he comes back.
A.before B.since C.because D.as soon as
【解析】D。本题考查时间状语从句。此句句义为:——请你把这把钥匙给汤姆,好吗?——当然可以,他一回来我就把钥匙给他。before意为“在……之前”,since意为“自从……以来”,都可引导时间状语从句,但与句义不符;because意为“因为”,引导原因状语从句,不引导时间状语从句;as soon as意为“一……就……”,可引导时间状语从句,符合句义。故正确答案为D。
【完成句子】
The young man ran away ______________ (一看到警察).
【解析】as soon as he saw the policeman。分析句子结构可知,空白处为时间状语从句,主句为一般过去时,所以从句也应用一般过去时;“一……就……”可译为as soon as。
时间状语从句
any time 任何时候
every time 每次
e.g. You can call me any time you need my help.
有需要随时叫我。
Every time he hears that song, he thinks of his childhood.
每当他听到那首歌,他都会想到他的童年。
六、其他
引导时间状语从句的连词 when, while, as 当……的时候;与……同时
since 自从……
till, until 直到……
before, after 在…之前/之后
as soon as 一……就……
any time 任何时候
every time 每次
时间状语从句小结
【选词填空】
_____________ she moved to the city, she has made many new friends.
I made sure to feed the dog _____________ I went to school.
Not _____________ he apologized did she forgive him.
She fell asleep _____________ her head hit the pillow.
since
until
before
as soon as
Since
地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词 where 在……
wherever 无论何地
地点状语从句
【功能】用来表示主句动作发生的场所
地点状语从句
【功能】引导的地点状语从句用来描述主句中的动作发生的地点
e.g. I’ll meet you where we first met ten years ago.
我会在我们十年前第

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