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2026湖南省中职英语基础模块二
基础知识综合复习Unit1~2
讲师aaa
课文知识点梳理
语法：非谓语动词
听力技巧与交际用语
写作训练：动词的时态、被动语态与非谓语动词专项
目录
词汇、短语与句型
词汇、短语与句型
01
1. prep. 除了 ___________ 2. v. 喷（液体）___________
3. v. 更喜欢 ___________ 4. n. 无人机 ___________
5. adj. 安全的 ___________ 6. adj. 智能的，机智的 _________
7. n. 电影院，剧场 ___________ 8. n. 录像 ___________
9. v. 警告，提醒 ___________ 10. prep. 映衬，反对，靠着 ___________
一、 词汇集锦
besides
spray
prefer
drone
secure
smart
theater
video
warn
against
词汇、短语与句型
11. n. 瓶子 ___________ 12. n. 距离 ___________
13. n. 影响，印象 ___________ 14. v. 产生，造成 ___________
15. v. 使参加，包含 ___________ 16. n. 街区 _______________
17. v. 种植 & n. 植物 ___________ 18. adj. 极地的 ___________
19. v. 意识到 ___________ 20. n. 小溪 ___________
一、 词汇集锦
bottle
distance
effect
generate
involve
neighborhood
plant
polar
realize
stream
词汇、短语与句型
21. n. 垃圾，浪费 ___________ 22. n. 电池 ___________
23. n. 资源 ___________ 24. adv. straight ___________
25. n. guarantee ______________ 26. n. innovation ___________
27. n. pest ___________ 28. adv. previously ___________
29. n. software ___________ 30. adj. toxic ___________
一、 词汇集锦
waste
battery
resource
直接
保修单，保证
创新，创造
害虫
先前地
软件
有毒的
词汇、短语与句型
31. adj. virtual ___________________
32. n. refrigerator ___________
33. v. monitor ___________
单击此处编辑母版文本样式
二级
三级
四级
五级
一、 词汇集锦
（计算机仿真）虚拟的
冰箱
监控，监听
词汇、短语与句型
二、 词性拓展
词汇、短语与句型
二、 词性拓展
词汇、短语与句型
二、 词性拓展
词汇、短语与句型
二、 词性拓展
词汇、短语与句型
1. Mr. Smith treated his students _________ his own children.
A. with B. by C. as D. for
2. We _________ (警告，提醒) him of the danger in the workplace yesterday.
3. The doctor _________ (动手术) on him for appendicitis (阑尾炎) last weekend.
4. 英译中：The teacher distributed the test papers to the students.
___________________________________________________________________
C
warned
operated
老师把试卷分发给学生。
三、短语整合
1. 对……感到怀疑 ________________ 2. 在某种程度上 ___________
3. 开始，起初 ______________ 4. 开/关灯 __________________
5. 保护环境 ______________________ 6. 在农场 ___________
7. 迟早 _______________ 8. 同时 ______________
9. 干涸 ___________ 10. 垃圾分类 _____________
be doubtful about
in a way
in the beginning
turn on/ off the light
protect the environment
on the farm
sooner or later
at the same time
dry up
garbage sorting
词汇、短语与句型
三、短语整合
11. 全球变暖 ______________ 12. 日常生活 ___________
13. 公共交通 ____________________ 14. 成千上万的 ___________
15. 号召 ___________ 16. 导致，引起 ___________
17. 玩得开心 ___________ 18. 面对面 ___________
19. 毕竟 ___________ 20. dream of ___________
global warming
daily life
public transportation
thousands of
call on
lead to
have fun
face to face
after all
梦想，想象
词汇、短语与句型
三、短语整合
21. pick up ________
22. Internet of Things (IoT) __________
23. aim to ___________
24. make use of ____________
25. self-driving cars ______________
26. get involved ___________
捡起
物联网
为了
利用
自动驾驶汽车
参与，介入
词汇、短语与句型
四、句型重现
1. I want to pick a drone that can help me on the farm.
____________________________________________________________________________
2. Believe it or not, technology has left a mark on our lives.
____________________________________________________________________________
3. You will surely welcome bigger and better innovations sooner or later.
____________________________________________________________________________
我想挑选一架可以在农场帮助我的无人机。
不管你信不信，科技已经在我们的生活中留下了印记。
你迟早会迎来更大、更好的创新。
词汇、短语与句型
四、句型重现
4. There have been many great inventions that change the way we live and allow us to do things we have never dreamed of.
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. Women walk long distances for water, which is not always clean, and children don’t even know what they have lost.
_________________________________________________________________________________
许多伟大的发明改变了我们的生活方式，甚至让我们能够完成以前根本想不到的事情。
妇女们长途跋涉去取水，而水并不总是干净的，孩子们甚至不知道自己失去了什么。
词汇、短语与句型
四、句型重现
6. Can you give me more examples about _________________ (可回收垃圾)
7. At the same time, trees should be planted __________________ (尽可能多的).
8. In the past, you had to go out to get food, and now you can order online and get it __________ (送达) to your doorstep.
9. It calls on people _____________________ (关掉他们的灯) and other electrical appliances like computers for one hour.
10. At the Science and Technology Expo, one guest _______________ (对……感兴趣) the use of drones and comes to the receptionist for more information.
recyclable waste
as many as possible
delivered
to turn off their lights
is interested in
词汇、短语与句型
课文知识点梳理
02
【句子1】
In the beginning, people were doubtful about spending money on a product without seeing it face to face, but now more than 90% of them prefer online shopping.
起初，人们在没有亲眼看到产品的情况下对花钱购买感到怀疑，但现在90%以上的人更喜欢网上购物。
重点解析
prefer v. 更喜欢
e.g. I prefer the dress because I like the color.
我更喜欢这条裙子，因为我喜欢它的颜色。
课文知识点梳理
【句子1】 In the beginning, people were doubtful about spending money on a product without seeing it face to face, but now more than 90% of them prefer online shopping.
拓展提升——prefer
与prefer有关的常见短语如下。
短语 含义 举例
prefer A to B/ prefer doing A to doing B(to为介词) 比起B更喜欢A I prefer walking to running.
比起跑步，我更喜欢散步。
prefer to do… 更喜欢/宁愿做…… I prefer to go shopping in the store.
我更喜欢在商店里购物。
课文知识点梳理
【句子1】 In the beginning, people were doubtful about spending money on a product without seeing it face to face, but now more than 90% of them prefer online shopping.
拓展提升——prefer
与prefer有关的常见短语如下。
短语 含义 举例
prefer sb. to do… 更喜欢/宁愿某人做…… I prefer him to leave at once.
我宁愿他马上离开。
课文知识点梳理
【句子1】 In the beginning, people were doubtful about spending money on a product without seeing it face to face, but now more than 90% of them prefer online shopping.
拓展提升——prefer
与prefer有关的常见短语如下。
短语 含义 举例
prefer to do A rather than do B 更喜欢A而不喜欢B/宁愿做A而不愿做B I prefer to stay at home rather than go out on such a rainy day.
在这样的雨天，我宁愿待在家里而不愿出去。
课文知识点梳理
1. I prefer shared bikes _________ buses.
A. to B. for C. with D. from
2. — Do you prefer _________ shopping with me
— No, I’d rather _________ at home and watch TV.
A. go; stay B. to go; to stay C. go; to stay D. to go; stay
3. 英译中：Nowadays more people prefer to shop online rather than offline.
____________________________________________________________________
A
D
如今更多的人宁愿在网上购物而不愿去线下购物。
【句子2】
The number of some wild animals is dropping.
一些野生动物的数量正在下降。
重点解析
drop v. 下降，投，投下
课文知识点梳理
【句子2】 The number of some wild animals is dropping.
拓展提升——drop
（1）drop in：顺便拜访，顺便去
不及物动词短语，其后不能接宾语，若需要接宾语，可根据情况在后面加on（针对人）或at（针对地方）。
e.g. She dropped in at his office.
她顺便去了他的办公室。
课文知识点梳理
【句子2】 The number of some wild animals is dropping.
拓展提升——drop
（2）drop & fall
单词 用法 举例
drop 兼作不及物动词和及物动词：作不及物动词时，意为“下降”，表示无意识的行为，此时可与fall互换；作及物动词时，意为“投，投下”，表示有意识的行为，此时不可与fall互换 The temperature has dropped/ fallen.
气温下降了。（drop作不及物动词）
He dropped the letter into the mailbox.
他把信投入信箱。（drop作及物动词）
课文知识点梳理
【句子2】 The number of some wild animals is dropping.
拓展提升——drop
（2）drop & fall
单词 用法 举例
fall 常作不及物动词，意为“落下，掉落，坠入”，表示无意识的行为 The ball fell into the river. 球掉进河里了。
Many foreign tourists fall in love with China the first time they pay a visit to this great country.
很多外国游客在第一次访问中国这个伟大的国家时，就爱上了它。
课文知识点梳理
1. Mike _________ on his grandparents every Sunday.
A. drops at B. drops in C. drops with D. drops for
2. I _________ (投下) the little stone into the lake yesterday.
B
dropped
【句子3】
It was not until now that I realized the importance of protecting the environment.
直到现在，我才意识到保护环境的重要性。
重点解析
until prep. & conj. 直到……为止
not… until… 直到……才……
课文知识点梳理
【句子3】 It was not until now that I realized the importance of protecting the environment.
拓展提升——until
（1）until作介词 & until作连词
until的词性 用法 举例
介词 后接表示时间点的词 表示动作或状态一直延续到until所表示的时间为止 She waited until 9:00 p.m.
她一直等到晚上9点。
构成“not… until+时间点”句型，意为“直到……才……”，表示动作或状态一直到until所表示的时间才发生 The noise didn’t stop until midnight.
那个噪音一直到半夜才停。
课文知识点梳理
【句子3】 It was not until now that I realized the importance of protecting the environment.
拓展提升——until
（1）until作介词 & until作连词
until的词性 用法 举例
连词 后接时间状语从句 用于肯定句中，表示某一动作或状态一直延续到另一动作或状态出现之前 She lived with her parents until she went to university.
她上大学之前一直和父母住在一起。
用于否定句中，构成“not… until+时间状语从句”，意为“直到……才……”，表示某一动作或状态到另一动作或状态出现时才发生 Mum didn’t go to sleep until she mopped the floor.
妈妈直到拖完地才睡觉。
课文知识点梳理
【句子3】 It was not until now that I realized the importance of protecting the environment.
拓展提升——until
（2）until用于肯定句中时，句子或主句的谓语动词通常为延续性动词；until用于否定句中时，句子或主句的谓语动词通常为非延续性动词。
（3）until引导时间状语从句时，从句常用一般现在时，即遵循“主将从现”或“主祈从现”原则。
课文知识点梳理
【句子3】 It was not until now that I realized the importance of protecting the environment.
拓展提升——until
（4）“not… until…”句型的强调句为“It is/ was not until+被强调部分+that+其他”。
e.g. He didn’t go to bed until his wife came back. 直到妻子回来他才睡觉。
It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
课文知识点梳理
【句子3】 It was not until now that I realized the importance of protecting the environment.
拓展提升——until
（5）not until位于句首时，句子或主句要用部分倒装。
e.g. Not until he finished his homework did he watch TV.
直到他完成家庭作业，他才看电视。
课文知识点梳理
1. The little boy didn’t stop crying _________ he found his mother.
A. unless B. because C. until D. though
2. Don’t get off the bus until it _________.
A. will stop B. stops C. stopped D. had stopped
3. — Shall we go now
— No, let’s wait _________ the rain stops.
A. until B. when C. if D. after
4. It was not until midnight _________ he stopped working.
A. which B. that C. when D. so
5. Not until last week _________.
A. he finished his homework B. he has finished his homework
C. did he finish his homework D. has he finished his homework
C
B
A
B
C
【句子4】
It’s time we took action for future generations!
是我们为下一代采取行动的时候了！
重点解析
It’s (high) time (that)…：是做……的时候了
【注意】后面的定语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词常为过去式或“should+动词原形”（should不可省略）。
e.g. It is (high) time (that) we started out/ should start out.
是我们出发的时候了。
课文知识点梳理
【句子4】 It’s time we took action for future generations!
拓展提升
（1）It’s time to do sth. 是做某事的时候了
e.g. It’s time to have dinner. 是吃晚餐的时候了。
（2）It’s time for sth. 到某事的时间了
e.g. It’s time for dinner. 到晚餐时间了。
课文知识点梳理
1. It’s time ___________________________ (去上学).
2. It’s high time we _________ to our children a world of beauty and wonder.
A. gave back B. giving back
C. gives back D. to give back
to go to school/ for school
A
【句子5】
After being recycled, the waste can be made into other materials.
废物被回收后，可以制成其他的材料。
重点解析
be made into 被制成
课文知识点梳理
【句子5】 After being recycled, the waste can be made into other materials.
拓展提升
be made of 由……制成（看得出原材料）
be made from 由……制成（看不出原材料）
be made in 在某地制成
be made up of 由……组成
课文知识点梳理
1. The medical team _________________ (由……组成) twelve doctors and twenty nurses.
2. The sweater ___________ (由……制成) wool.
3. The paper _____________ (由……制成) wood.
is/ was made up of
is made of
is made from
【句子6】
And we have a two-year guarantee on our new product.
我们的新产品有2年的保修期。
重点解析
guarantee n. 保修期，保修单，保证，质量保证书
课文知识点梳理
【句子6】 And we have a two-year guarantee on our new product..
拓展提升——guarantee
guarantee既可作名词，又可作动词，用法区别如下。
词性与含义 用法 举例
guarantee n. 保修期，保修单，保证，质量保证书 give sb. a guarantee that+从句：向某人保证…… He gave me a guarantee that he would perform well.
他向我保证会好好表现。
under guarantee：在保修期内 My watch is still under guarantee, so they will repair it for free.
我的手表仍在保修期内，所以他们会免费维修。
课文知识点梳理
【句子6】 And we have a two-year guarantee on our new product..
拓展提升——guarantee
guarantee既可作名词，又可作动词，用法区别如下。
词性与含义 用法 举例
guarantee v. 保证，担保 guarantee sth. for+时间：保证某物用多长时间 The fridge is guaranteed for 3 years.
这台冰箱保证用3年。
guarantee to do sth.：保证做某事 He guaranteed to participate in the discussion.
他保证参加讨论。
课文知识点梳理
【句子6】 And we have a two-year guarantee on our new product..
拓展提升——guarantee
guarantee既可作名词，又可作动词，用法区别如下。
词性与含义 用法 举例
guarantee v. 保证，担保 guarantee sb. sth.：向某人保证某事 I can’t guarantee you this job.
我不能向你保证（你能得到）这份工作。
guarantee that+从句：保证…… He guaranteed that he would come here.
他保证他会来这儿。
课文知识点梳理
1. I _________ pay off his debt.
A. guarantee B. guarantee to
C. guarantee that D. guarantee for
2. I can _____________________________ (向你保证一个光明的未来) if you work hard.
3. The cellphone is less than a year, so it is still __________________ (在保修期内).
B
guarantee you a bright future
under guarantee
非谓语动词
03
非谓语动词
一、不定式
非谓语动词
【形式】基本形式为“to+动词原形”，否定形式为“not+to+动词原形”
【用法】可用于表示主动或将来，也可用于表示目的
一、不定式
非谓语动词
不定式的句法功能
（1）作主语
相当于名词，一般表示具体的、未完成的或未发生的动作，此时句子的谓语动词用单数形式。
① 不定式作主语，一般位于句首。
e.g. To lose your heart means failure. 失去信心意味着失败。
一、不定式
非谓语动词
不定式的句法功能
（1）作主语
相当于名词，一般表示具体的、未完成的或未发生的动作，此时句子的谓语动词用单数形式。
② 形式主语常见句型
一、不定式
句型 举例
It+be+adj.+for/ of sb. to do sth. It is difficult for us to work out the maths problem.
对我们而言，要解答这个数学题不容易。
It+be+n.+to do sth. It is our duty to help them. 帮助他们是我们的责任。
非谓语动词
不定式的句法功能
（1）作主语
相当于名词，一般表示具体的、未完成的或未发生的动作，此时句子的谓语动词用单数形式。
② 形式主语常见句型
一、不定式
句型 举例
It+take的相应时态+sb.+时间/金钱等+to do sth. It will take you quite a long time to finish it.
你要花费很长时间才能做完。
It’s time (for sb.) to do sth. It’s time for you to clean the bedroom. 是你打扫卧室的时候了。
非谓语动词
不定式的句法功能
（2）作宾语（一般位于谓语动词之后）
① 可用不定式作宾语的动词
一、不定式
动词 记忆口诀
refuse 拒绝 arrange 安排 hope 希望 expect 期望 desire 期望 wish 希望 拒绝安排四希（期）望
试图主动提两算
碰巧学会两决定
同意选择两要求
attempt 试图 offer 主动提供 intend 打算 plan 打算，计划 happen 碰巧 learn 学会 decide 决定 determine 决定 非谓语动词
不定式的句法功能
（2）作宾语（一般位于谓语动词之后）
① 可用不定式作宾语的动词
一、不定式
动词 记忆口诀
agree 同意 choose 选择 demand 要求 ask 要求 似乎假装先答应
设法帮忙未准备
承担得起不定式
appear 似乎 pretend 假装 promise 答应 manage 设法 help 帮忙 fail 未能，失败 prepare 准备 afford 承担得起，买得起 非谓语动词
不定式的句法功能
（2）作宾语（一般位于谓语动词之后）
① 可用不定式作宾语的动词如下。
e.g. We have decided to go abroad. 我们已经决定出国了。
Mr. Smith planned to hold a party on the ice.
史密斯先生打算在冰上举办一个聚会。
一、不定式
非谓语动词
不定式的句法功能
（2）作宾语（一般位于谓语动词之后）
② 动词feel、find、make、think等后面，可用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语（不定式）移到后面，即：sb.+feel/ find/ make/ think+it+adj./ n.+to do sth.
e.g. I make it a habit to read books before going to bed every day.
我养成了每天睡觉前读书的习惯。
一、不定式
无论是形式主语，还是形式宾语，都只能用it代替。
Aha Moment
非谓语动词
不定式的句法功能
（3）作表语
一般表示具体的动作，且多指将来的动作。
e.g. Jack’s dream is to be a famous actor.
杰克的梦想是（将来）成为一位著名的演员。
一、不定式
非谓语动词
不定式的句法功能
（4）作定语（ 一般位于被修饰的名词或代词之后）
① 不定式作定语，不定式与被修饰的名词或代词之间为动宾关系。
e.g. I have a meeting to attend.
我有一个会议要出席。
一、不定式
非谓语动词
当不定式为不及物动词的不定式时，被修饰词如果表示地点、工具等，不定式后面应有必要的介词。但被修饰词如果是time、place、way等，不定式后面可以省略介词。
e.g. He found a good house to live in. 他找到了一个居住的好房子。
He has no place to live. 他无处安身。
如果被修饰词是不定式动作的承受者，那么不定式可用主动形式也可用被动形式。
e.g. Have you got anything to send 你要送什么东西吗？
Have you got anything to be sent 你有什么东西要送吗？
非谓语动词
不定式的句法功能
（4）作定语（ 一般位于被修饰的名词或代词之后）
② 不定式作定语，用于说明被修饰词的内容。
e.g. We have made a plan to finish the work. 我们制订了一个完成工作的计划。
③ 不定式作定语，被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语。
e.g. He was the first to enter the classroom. 他是第一个进教室的。
一、不定式
非谓语动词
不定式的句法功能
（5）作宾语补足语
用于补充说明对前面的宾语实施的动作，构成的句子结构为“v.+sb./ sth.+to do”。
① 可用不定式作宾补的动词
ask 请求 admit 承认 advise 劝告 allow/ permit 允许 beg 请求
cause 引起 enable 使能够 encourage 鼓励 expect 预期 force 迫使
get 使得 help 帮助 hate 不喜欢 invite 邀请 like 希望
order 命令 remind 提醒 teach 传授 tell 指示 urge 敦促
want 要 warn 警告 wish 想要 promise 答应，允诺
e.g. My head teacher encourages me to be a brave man.
我的班主任鼓励我做一个勇敢的男子汉。
一、不定式
非谓语动词
不定式的句法功能
（5）作宾语补足语
用于补充说明对前面的宾语实施的动作，构成的句子结构为“v.+sb./ sth.+to do”。
② 动词不定式作感官动词（feel、hear、see、notice、observe、find等）和使役动词（let、have、make等）的宾语补足语时，通常省略to。
e.g. I saw him clean the room.
我看见他打扫了房间。
一、不定式
非谓语动词
不定式的句法功能
（5）作宾语补足语
用于补充说明对前面的宾语实施的动作，构成的句子结构为“v.+sb./ sth.+to do”。
③ 以下固定搭配后面通常接省略to的不定式
had better 最好 would rather 宁愿，宁可
do nothing but 只（做） why not 为什么不（做）
can’t help/ choose but 不得不（做）
e.g. Since she is angry, we had better leave her alone. 既然她生气了，我们最好不要打扰她。
Why not ask your parents for help 为什么不向你的父母求助呢？
I can’t help but wait for the next subway. 我不得不等下一趟地铁。
一、不定式
非谓语动词
不定式的句法功能
（5）作宾语补足语
用于补充说明对前面的宾语实施的动作，构成的句子结构为“v.+sb./ sth.+to do”。
④ 作动词help的宾语补足语时，动词不定式可带to，也可不带to。
e.g. Would you help me (to) do the chores
你能帮我做家务吗？
一、不定式
非谓语动词
不定式的句法功能
（6）作状语
表示目的、结果和原因等。
① 不定式作目的状语可放在句首、句中或句尾。放在句首更为正式，语气也较重。
【注意】不定式作状语时可与in order to或so as to互换，但in order to放在句首或句中均可，而so as to只能放在句中。
e.g. To/ In order to support myself, I have to do several part-time jobs.
为了养活我自己，我不得不做几份兼职工作。
He gets up early to/ in order to/ so as to catch the first bus.
为了赶上第一趟公交车，他起得很早。
一、不定式
非谓语动词
不定式的句法功能
（6）作状语
表示目的、结果和原因等。
② 不定式作结果状语的常见固定搭配
too… to… 太……（而）不能……
… enough to… 足够……以至于……
so+形容词/副词+as to… 如此……以至于
such+名词/动名词+as to… 如此……以至于
only to… 结果却……
一、不定式
非谓语动词
不定式的句法功能
（6）作状语
表示目的、结果和原因等。
② 不定式作结果状语的常见固定搭配
e.g. He is too young to go to school by himself.
他还太小不能独自去上学。
Sara is old enough to dress herself.
莎拉年纪足够大了，以至于可以自己穿衣服。
I went home in a hurry, only to find nothing happened.
我急忙回家，结果却发现什么事也没发生。
一、不定式
非谓语动词
不定式的句法功能
（6）作状语
表示目的、结果和原因等。
③ 不定式作原因状语常放在形容词后面。
e.g. I am very glad to hear from you.
我很高兴收到你的来信。
④ 不定式作修饰形容词的状语时，常用主动形式表示被动意义。
e.g. The shape makes the ball convenient to carry.
这一形状使球便于携带。
一、不定式
非谓语动词
“疑问词+不定式”结构
不定式与疑问代词what、who、which和疑问副词how、when、where等连用，构成“疑问词+不定式”结构，可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等，常与tell、teach、show、know、learn、decide、forget、find out等动词（短语）连用。
e.g. How to control the water pollution is a big problem.
如何控制水污染是一个大问题。（作主语）
He doesn’t know what to do.
他不知道要做什么。（作宾语）
一、不定式
非谓语动词
“疑问词+不定式”结构
不定式与疑问代词what、who、which和疑问副词how、when、where等连用，构成“疑问词+不定式”结构，可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等，常与tell、teach、show、know、learn、decide、forget、find out等动词（短语）连用。
e.g. The big problem is where to park the car at the business center.
最大的问题是在商务中心的哪里停车。（作表语）
一、不定式
非谓语动词
1. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _________ his plane high up in the sky.
A. finding B. to find
C. having found D. to have found
2. We only planned _________ the play for an hour, but in the end, we stayed for three hours.
A. watching B. watch C. to watch D. watched
3. My parents told me _________ computer games.
A. not playing B. not to play
C. not play D. not played
B
C
B
4. You’d better stay here, because the gatekeeper will not allow you _________ freely in the building.
A. walk B. to walk C. walking D. walked
5. Mom makes me eat an apple every day _________ the doctor away.
A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep
6. It took me two weeks _________ reading the novels written by Lu Xun.
A. finish B. to finish C. finished D. finishing
B
D
B
7. He is always the first _________ questions in class.
A. being answered B. answer
C. to be answer D. to answer
8. It’s a good habit _________ breakfast every day.
A. have B. has C. having D. to have
D
D
不定式—小结
二、动名词
非谓语动词
【形式】动名词的基本形式为“动词-ing”，否定形式为“not+动词-ing”，与现在分词的变化规则相同，一般表示主动。
【句法功能】动名词兼具动词和名词的特征，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
二、动名词
非谓语动词
动名词的句法功能
（1）作主语
一般表示抽象动作、已知的事或经验，此时句子的谓语动词用单数形式。
① 动名词作主语，一般位于句首。
e.g. Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。
② 动名词短语作主语时，若短语的结构较复杂，为保持句子平衡，通常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语移到后面。
常见句型：It is no use/ no good/ useless/ a waste of time doing sth.
e.g. It is no use crying the mistake. 为错误哭泣是没有用的。
二、动名词
非谓语动词
动名词的句法功能
（2）作宾语（一般位于谓语动词或介词之后）
① 可用动名词作宾语的动词
二、动名词
动词 记忆口诀
suggest/ advise 建议 enjoy/ appreciate 欣赏 两个建议两欣赏
两次原谅两允许
考虑承认又否认
保持想象去完成
excuse/ pardon 原谅 permit/ allow 允许 consider 考虑 admit 承认 deny 否认 keep 保持 imagine 想象 finish 完成 非谓语动词
动名词的句法功能
（2）作宾语（一般位于谓语动词或介词之后）
① 可用动名词作宾语的动词
二、动名词
动词 记忆口诀
forbid 禁止 risk 冒险 escape 逃离 禁止冒险要逃离
介意延迟多练习
避免错过动名词
mind 介意 delay/ postpone 延迟，推迟 practice 练习 avoid 避免 miss 错过 非谓语动词
动名词的句法功能
（2）作宾语（一般位于谓语动词或介词之后）
② 介词后面接动名词作宾语。
e.g. I’m good at playing football.
我擅长踢足球。
二、动名词
非谓语动词
动名词的句法功能
（3）作表语
用于说明主语的具体内容，可与主语互换位置。
e.g. My favorite sport is swimming. = Swimming is my favorite sport.
我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
二、动名词
非谓语动词
动名词的句法功能
（4）作定语
用于说明被修饰词的用途，可改成for短语。
e.g. a washing machine = a machine for washing 洗衣机
a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室
a swimming pool = a pool for swimming 游泳池
二、动名词
非谓语动词
动名词与不定式句法功能的辨析
（1）动名词作宾语 & 不定式作宾语
二、动名词
动名词作宾语 不定式作宾语
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事
regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事 regret to do sth. 抱歉要去做某事
stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事
非谓语动词
动名词与不定式句法功能的辨析
（1）动名词作宾语 & 不定式作宾语
二、动名词
动名词作宾语 不定式作宾语
go on doing sth. 继续原先没有做完的事 go on to do sth. 继续去做另一件事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 mean to do sth. 打算做某事
try doing sth. 尝试做某事 try to do sth. 尽力做某事
非谓语动词
动名词与不定式句法功能的辨析
（2）permit、advise、allow、forbid等动词后面用动名词作宾语，用不定式作宾语补足语。
e.g. She advised giving up smoking.
她建议戒烟。
She advised me to give up smoking.
她建议我戒烟。
二、动名词
非谓语动词
1. Sarah, you’d better drink more water after _________ for such a long time.
A. run B. runs C. to run D. running
2. Every student should pay attention to _________ to the teacher in class.
A. listen B. listened C. to listen D. listening
3. Don’t throw away the waste paper. It needs _________.
A. to recycle B. recycling C. recycle D. recycled
4. I saw some boy students _________ basketball when I passed the playground.
A. played B. plays C. playing D. to play
5. Everyone should do his part to keep the environment from _________.
A. get worse B. to get worse C. getting worse D. got worse
D
D
B
C
C
动名词—小结
三、分 词
非谓语动词
【现在分词】基本形式为“动词-ing”，否定形式为“not+动词-ing”，一般表示主动或正在进行。
【过去分词】基本形式为“动词-ed”，否定形式为“not+动词-ed”，一般表示被动或已经完成。
三、分 词
非谓语动词
现在分词与过去分词的区别
（1）一般情况下，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。
e.g. Who is the girl speaking to our English teacher
正和我们英语老师讲话的那个女孩儿是谁？
What is the language spoken in Canada
加拿大讲的是什么语言？
三、分 词
非谓语动词
现在分词与过去分词的区别
（2）一般情况下，现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示已经完成。
e.g. falling leaves 正在飘落的树叶
fallen leaves 落叶
三、分 词
非谓语动词
分词的句法功能
（1）作表语
现在分词作表语：句子主语通常为物，用于说明主语的性质或特征，意为“令人……的”。
过去分词作表语：句子主语通常为人，过去分词用于说明主语的内心感受或自身特征，意为“感到……的”。
e.g. The answer is so satisfying that everyone was satisfied with it.
这个回答是如此令人满意，以至于每个人都对它感到满意。
三、分 词
非谓语动词
分词的句法功能
（2）作定语
单一的分词作定语一般位于被修饰词之前，如果被修饰词为something、anything、everything、nothing等不定代词，则分词应位于被修饰词之后。分词短语作定语一般位于被修饰词之后，作用相当于定语从句。
e.g. Chance favors the prepared mind. 机会总是青睐有准备的人。
The man standing by the window is our English teacher.
站在窗边的那位男士是我们的英语老师。
三、分 词
非谓语动词
分词的句法功能
（2）作定语
单一的分词作定语一般位于被修饰词之前，如果被修饰词为something、anything、everything、nothing等不定代词，则分词应位于被修饰词之后。分词短语作定语一般位于被修饰词之后，作用相当于定语从句。
e.g. We can only see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.
我们只能看到月球上被太阳光照射到的那部分。
三、分 词
非谓语动词
分词的句法功能
（3）作宾语补足语
现在分词作宾补：宾语与宾补之间为主动关系，宾语正在做某事或持续不断地做某事。
过去分词作宾补：宾语与宾补之间为被动关系，动作已经完成或由他人完成。
e.g. The man kept us waiting for a long time. 那个人让我们等了很久。
She had her watch stolen. 她的手表被偷了。
三、分 词
非谓语动词
分词的句法功能
（4）作状语
表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随等，此时分词的逻辑主语应与主句的主语一致。
三、分 词
非谓语动词
分词的选择
在选择分词时，需判断分词表示的动作与主语之间的关系为主动还是被动：若为主动，用现在分词；若为被动，则用过去分词。
e.g. Walking in the street, I met a friend of mine.
在街上走着的时候，我遇见了一位朋友。
Encouraged by the teacher, she decided to study hard.
由于得到了老师的鼓励，她决定努力学习。
非谓语动词
1. The _________ news made everybody cry out in the room.
A. frightened B. frightening C. frighten D. frightens
2. Oh, my bike is broken, I’m going to have it _________.
A. repairing B. repaired C. to repair D. repair
3. _________ from his mother, Tom was so delighted.
A. Hear B. To hear C. Hearing D. Heard
4. The teacher spoke loudly to make himself _________.
A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard
5. Mr. Jackson stood up, _________ that he was going to leave.
A. say B. to say C. saying D. said
B
B
C
D
C
分 词—小结
非谓语动词—小结
1. The teacher entered the classroom, with several students _________ him.
A. following B. followed C. follows D. follow
2. He gets up early every day _________ the first bus as his home is far from his workplace.
A. to catch B. caught C. catching D. catch
3. It was so funny a show that people couldn’t help _________ again and again.
A. laugh B. laughing C. to laugh D. laughed
4. All the children like Mr. White very much because he often makes them
_________.
A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing D. laughed
A
A
B
A
听力技巧与交际用语
04
一、听力技巧
听力技巧与交际用语
【考情分析】
在职教高考听力中，建议与请求是常考内容，常包括细节理解题和推理判断题。听这类听力材料时，要注意听力材料中的动词及其后的名词，抓住说话者建议与请求的内容。
这类考题常见的提问方式如下。
1. What does the man/ woman want to do
2. What does the man/ woman advise/ ask/ tell/ want the woman/ man to do
3. What does the man/ woman suggest doing
4. What’s the man’s/ woman’s suggestion/ advice
一、听力技巧
听力技巧与交际用语
【解题技巧1——积累同义表达】
一、听力技巧
听力技巧与交际用语
【真题】
What does Jack want to do
A. Take fitness classes.
B. Buy a pair of gym shoes.
C. Change his work schedule.
【解析】A 。根据题干和选项可以推测听力材料与健身或者运动有关。听力材料中Jack提到自己想get in shape（保持体形，塑身）并register for the classes，由此可知，Jack想要报健身课程。A项与register for the classes为同义表达。故A项为正确答案。
【听力原文】
We’ll need you to join the gym, and then you can find out which classes fit your schedule the best.
Hello, my name is Jack. I need to get in shape. How do I register for the classes
【解题技巧2——发挥估计、猜测、预期、推断、想象等技能的积极作用】
一、听力技巧
听力技巧与交际用语
【例题】
1. Why does Cathy want to quit her job
A. She’ll join another firm.
B. She’ll run her own business.
C. She’s fed up with it.
2. What is Mark’s attitude towards Cathy’s decision
A. Forgiving. B. Sympathetic. C. Supportive.
3. What might Cathy do for the present company
A. Apply for a project.
B. Train a new person.
C. Recommend an engineer.
【例题】
【解析】1 ～ 3：ACB。根据题干可以推断听力材料围绕Cathy quits her job展开，根据听力材料中的got a new job可知，A项为第1小题的正确答案。forgiving意为“宽容的”，sympathetic意为“同情的”，supportive意为“支持的”，根据听力材料中Mark的语气可以推断他的态度是支持的，故C项为第2小题的正确答案。一般来说，离职前不太可能再apply for a project，另外通过有针对性地抓住听力材料中的关键词provide training可知，B项为第3小题的正确答案。
【听力原文】
Hi, Mark. I’ve decided to leave the company. I had an amazing time here, but it is time for me to move on.
May I ask why, Cathy I do hope that you stay with us here.
Well, you know, I’ve got a new job in a big engineering firm. It’s a management position.
In that case, I think that I understand your decision, and you have my support.
【听力原文】
Thanks for understanding. But, I can work here two more weeks.
That’s great. Will you be able to finish your present project
Sure. And if you hire someone within ten days, I’d be happy to provide training in my areas.
听力技巧—小结
【Exercise 1】
听下面10段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman suggest the man do
A. Take a break. B. Study hard. C. Change his methods.
2. What color of shoes does the woman suggest the man wear
A. Blue. B. White. C. Black.
3. What does the boy suggest doing
A. Heading for the circus.
B. Playing with small animals.
C. Going to a farm.
A
A
C
【Exercise 1】
听下面10段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话仅读一遍。
4. What does the man suggest the woman do
A. Focus on her work. B. Go to a clinic. C. Have healthy food.
5. What does the woman suggest the man do in the end
A. Study in the language lab.
B. Go to France for vacation.
C. Find a French teacher.
6. What does the man suggest the woman do
A. Take a trip. B. Go to the post office. C. Call the post office.
B
A
C
【Exercise 1】
听下面10段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话仅读一遍。
7. What does the man suggest doing
A. Going hiking. B. Going on working. C. Playing chess.
8. What does the man suggest Jennifer do
A. Have her hearing checked.
B. Turn down the music.
C. Listen to soft songs.
9. What does the man suggest the woman do
A. Find a full-time job. B. Study another subject. C. Go to evening classes.
C
B
C
【Exercise 1】
听下面10段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话仅读一遍。
10. What does the man suggest the woman do
A. Have a good rest. B. Exercise daily. C. Work hard.
B
【Text 1 听力原文】
I failed the test again. I’ve changed my study methods. It simply didn’t work.
Well, you are pushing yourself too hard. You should relax for a while.
【Text 2 听力原文】
Mom, I need a white shirt and black shoes for the singing contest at school.
Do the shoes need to be black You can wear your blue shoes. I think blue matches white the best.
【Text 3 听力原文】
Why the circus Let’s go to a farm and become a cowboy and a cowgirl.
Would you like to go with me to the circus I want to train and play with animals.
Yeah, I never thought of that! Cows are cute, too!
【Text 4 听力原文】
Bella, you look pale now. What seems to be the problem I’m afraid you need a doctor.
It’s nothing serious, just a slight pain in my stomach. I have a lot of work to do today, actually.
Well, I think you should ask for sick leave and go to the hospital right now. Health is more important.
【Text 5 听力原文】
How do I learn to speak French like a native speaker
Well, unless you have an exceptionally good ear, you’ll have to go to France.
Is there no other way
The second best option is to spend many hours in the language lab.
【Text 6 听力原文】
I wish I didn’t have to make a special trip to the post office to get my package.
Well, if you call them in the morning, they’ll give the package to your mail carrier to bring out to you.
【Text 7 听力原文】
Well, yes. Have you changed your mind about going Or have you been occupied with your work
Hi, Cynthia, are we going for a long hike this afternoon as planned before
Neither, but have a look at the sky! Why not play chess instead
【Text 8 听力原文】
OK, Dad.
Jennifer, you’re listening to loud music again. Keep doing that is bad for your hearing. You should pay more attention to your hearing. Why not listen at a lower volume
【Text 9 听力原文】
I would like to study fashion design, but I can’t afford it right now.
I suppose you are talking about a full-time course. But you can take evening classes after work.
Good idea.
【Text 10 听力原文】
Make sure you exercise every day, Mrs. Goodman. Your health should improve quickly if you do.
Thank you, Doctor. I will follow your advice. I’ll go to the gym after work.
【Exercise 2】
听下面3段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话读两遍。
听第11段对话，回答第11、12小题。
11. What kind of room does the man want
A. A single room. B. A double room. C. A double with bathroom.
12. When will the man leave the hotel
A. On July 15th. B. On June 14th. C. On June 15th.
A
C
【Exercise 2】
听第12段对话，回答第13至15小题。
13. What does the woman think of surfing the Net at first
A. It is a waste of time. B. It can save time. C. It is fun.
14. What is the boy doing
A. Reading the news.
B. Doing shopping.
C. Looking for information for his homework.
15. What does the boy recommend to his mother
A. E-shopping. B. E-mail. C. E-card.
A
A
C
【Exercise 2】
听第13段对话，回答第16至18小题。
16. What can we learn from the conversation
A. The bill is not clear enough. B. The bill is sent to a wrong address.
C. Incorrect bill is sent to the woman.
17. Why does the same kind of mistakes occur
A. The man is not careful enough. B. The new computer is not working properly.
C. The clerks do not know how to use the new computer.
18. What does the man agree to do
A. Get the computer repaired. B. Pay the woman extra money.
C. Send a new computer to the woman.
C
B
A
【Text 11 听力原文】
I’d like to book a room for Wednesday next week.
Very good, sir. A room for Wednesday, June 11th. What kind of room would you like
Single with bathroom.
How long will you be staying
【Text 11 听力原文】
I’ll be leaving on Sunday morning.
That will be 4 nights. Thank you, and we look forward to seeing you next Wednesday.
【Text 12 听力原文】
I’m doing my homework, Mom. I need to write a paper, and I’m looking for the information on the Net.
Tom, why are you surfing the Net again It’s a real waste of time, I’ve told you.
Yes. You see you can find a lot of information by entering the key words and searching for them.
Really
【Text 12 听力原文】
And the Net can also help you do shopping. It’s called e-shopping.
That’s fantastic!
It’s easy. First you log on to an online shopping delivery service, which will give you the pictures of different goods. Then you simply point and click around the screen for the goods you want. The goods will be sent to you.
How can I do shopping without going to the shops
【Text 12 听力原文】
It can save you a lot of time.
I can’t believe it. Let me have a try.
【Text 13 听力原文】
Oh, madam. What can I do for you
I’m sorry to say the bill you sent me was incorrect.
Incorrect, madam That’s very strange.
Yes, I know, and what’s more, this isn’t the first time.
【Text 13 听力原文】
Really, madam I find it very hard to believe.
Look, it’s happened 5 or 6 times in the past 3 months.
Ah. Well, I must apologize, madam. It’s the new computer.
Well, don’t you think it’s about time you got it working properly It’s most inconvenient.
【Text 13 听力原文】
I agree entirely. I’m very sorry about it. I promise it won’t happen again.
二、交际用语
听力技巧与交际用语
1. 情感表达
What a pity! / What a shame!
二、交际用语
当听到某件事情不能如愿或按之前计划实行时，用以表示遗憾或难过。
It’s a great pity.
I hope so/ not.
I’m afraid so/ not.
I’m sorry to hear that.
听力技巧与交际用语
1. 情感表达
Unbelievable.
二、交际用语
当听到不可思议或难以相信的事情时，用以表示惊讶。
You did
How come
Are you serious
You are joking. / You can’t be serious.
What a surprise!
听力技巧与交际用语
1. 情感表达
Take it easy.
二、交际用语
当听到对方因为某件事情感到紧张或情绪比较低落时，用以表示安慰或鼓励。
Take your time.
Don’t worry. / No hurry.
Come on.
Cheer up.
That’s OK. / That’s all right.
听力技巧与交际用语
2. 价格商议
顾客用语
Can you come down a little
二、交际用语
How/ What about+价格
That’s my final offer.
This is out of my price range. Can you give me this for cheaper
Could you give me a discount
听力技巧与交际用语
2. 价格商议
商家用语
You win.
二、交际用语
It’s a deal.
Out of the question.
I sell it to you just at the cost price this time for your future visit to my shop.
Out of question.
It’s on sale today.
听力技巧与交际用语
交际用语—小结
写作训练：动词的时态、被动语态与非谓语动词专项
05
1. 动词的时态
根据文章或段落首句的时间状语，或者前后句中动词的时态来确定整篇短文的时态基调。
【练一练】
Last summer holiday, I ______ (去) to a small village with my mom. I _____ (看见) some boys and girls of my age. They were poor and had no money to go to school.
went
saw
写作训练：动词的时态、被动语态与非谓语动词专项
2. 被动语态
根据主语和动词之间为主动还是被动关系来确定语态。如果确定是被动语态，那么尤其要注意be动词的时态。
【练一练】
Waste paper shouldn’t _____________ (丢) everywhere. It’s our duty to keep our city clean.
be thrown
写作训练：动词的时态、被动语态与非谓语动词专项
3. 非谓语动词
be动词及其他实义动词后面一般不能接动词原形，需将动词变形为to do、doing或done。通常来说，表示将来一般变to do，表示进行或主动语态变doing，表示被动语态变done，还要注意感官动词和使役动词后面接省略to的不定式作宾补的情况。
【练一练】
I’m _________ (写) to apply for the position. I would like _____________ (介绍) my educational background.
writing
to introduce
写作训练：动词的时态、被动语态与非谓语动词专项
Dear Jack,
How is everything going (知道) you are going to visit China in your summer holiday to (体验) Chinese culture and life, I am glad
(欢迎) you and (回复) to what you ask.
To make your trip more unforgettable, I will make some recommendations. First of all, Beijing, the capital city of China, is the place where you can fully experience Chinese culture. Besides, if time (允许), you had better
(观看) Beijing Opera in Grand Theater. Meanwhile, some Chinese food such as Beijing Roast Duck, the Hot Pot, can’t (错过) because it is quite different from that in your country.
Knowing
experience
to welcome
permits
watch
(to) reply
be missed
I (相信) you will have a wonderful trip during your stay in China. I am (期待) your early (来临).
Yours,
Li Hua
believe
looking forward to
coming
1. As scheduled, it will start from June 15th, _________ (持续) for three weeks.
2. First of all, I’d like to _________ (介绍) Chinese folk music.
3. So last Friday, my classmates and I went to the primary school nearby to teach some students to learn “Three Character Classic”. First we read the characters and then we _________ (解释) them in detail, making the students there satisfied.
4. I _________________ (购买) a smart phone from your shop a week ago.
5. Firstly, I’m wondering if you can help _________ (增加) some contents.
6. There are 50 students in cur class, _________ (包括) 30 boys and 20 girls.
lasting
introduce
explained
bought/ purchased
(to) add
including
7. The next day, when I am _____________ (上课), I will be very sleepy.
8. I sincerely _________ (希望) you will give me a chance, and please believe me that I will be a good vice president.
9. They make me _________ (想起) the happy days we spent there.
10. I like _________ (旅游) a lot.
having class
hope
think of
traveling
总结
1. 词汇、短语与句型
2. 课文知识点梳理
3. 语法：非谓语动词
4. 听力技巧与交际用语
5. 写作训练：动词的时态、被动语态与非谓语动词专项
单元总结
THANK YOU
讲师aaa

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