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2026江苏省中职英语二轮专题
虚拟语气
主讲aaa
为什么学虚拟语气？
什么是虚拟语气？
怎么学虚拟语气？
导航
例： 如果我不嫁过来，我的夫君就不会死。
如果我的夫君不死，我也不会沦落到这么一个伤心的地方。
如果不到这个地方，我也不可能悲惨到这步田地。
虚拟
虚
拟
非真实
虚假，不太可能发生的事
拟定结果，表达自己的主观愿望
什么是虚拟语气？
语气——谓语动词的不同
（1）陈述语气（正常）：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的
e.g. I like English.
（2）祈使语气（do）：表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等
e.g. Be quiet!
（3）虚拟语气（倒推）：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测
e.g. If I hadn’t come to this place, maybe my husband would still be alive today.
什么是虚拟语气？
【考查方向】 主要围绕条件状语从句中的虚拟语气和名词性从句中的虚拟语气【考查题型】 主要涉及语法单选题
为什么学虚拟语气？
【语法单选】
If I ______ so much coffee yesterday evening, I would have been able to sleep well last night.
A．didn’t drink
B．hadn’t drunk
C．haven’t drunk
D．wouldn’t have drunk
为什么学虚拟语气？
怎么学虚拟语气？
虚拟条件句
01
真实条件句

虚拟条件句
（有可能发生）
（不可能发生）
条件句
e.g. 如果明天我给你打电话，我就答应你的求婚。
If I call you tomorrow, I will accept your proposal.
主将从现
e.g. 如果明天太阳从西边升起，我就答应你的求婚。
If the sun rose in the west tomorrow, I would accept your proposal.
时态倒推
虚拟条件句
如何表达虚拟？
谓语动词——改变时态
例：如果你多穿些衣服，你就不会感冒了。
例：如果我是你，我就再做一遍。
例：如果我中了彩票，我会买一辆车。
过去完成 过去 过去将来 现在 将来
虚拟过去
虚拟现在
虚拟将来
虚拟条件句
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}假设情况
if 从句谓语
主句谓语
与过去事实相反
had+过去分词
would
should
could
might
have+过去分词
与现在事实相反
did/ were
v. 原形
将来不太可能发生
did/ were
were to + v.原形
should + v.原形
v. 原形
三种基本用法
（1）If I had met her first, I would have known not to throw it away.
如果我早点遇到她，我就会懂得好好珍惜。
（2）If we’d had more time, we’d have done something a little more grandiose.
如果时间再充裕些，我们可以做得更丰盛。
（3）If I had known it was gonna be a firefight, I absolutely would have called.
如果我知道会交火，肯定提前找你。
一、对过去的虚拟
（1）If I had met her first, I would have known not to throw it away.
如果我早点遇到她，我就会懂得好好珍惜。
（2）If we’d had more time, we’d have done something a little more grandiose.
如果时间再充裕些，我们可以做得更丰盛。
（3）If I had known it was gonna be a firefight, I absolutely would have called.
如果我知道会交火，肯定提前找你。
你能发现这些句子的规律吗？
if 从句：had+过去分词
主句：would/ should/ might/ could + have + 过去分词

三种基本用法
一、对过去的虚拟
if 从句：had+过去分词
主句：would/ should/ might/ could + have + 过去分词
e.g. If I had taken enough money, I would have bought a book.
如果我带了足够的钱，我就能买一本书。
You would not have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes.
如果你多穿些衣服，你就不会感冒了。
If I had left sooner, I’d have caught the bus.
我要是早点走，就能赶上车了。

三种基本用法
【找出错误之处】
（1）If we had had enough time, we finished the project.
If we had had enough time, we would have finished the project.
如果我们有足够的时间，我们就可以完成项目。
If they had listened to my advice, they would have succeeded.
如果他们听了我的建议，他们就会成功了。
（2）If they had listened to my advice, they succeed.
【用正确形式填空】
（1）If it for your help yesterday, I with my girlfriend. (not be; break up)
（2）If I there earlier, I her. (arrive; meet)


【用正确形式填空】
（1）If it for your help yesterday, I with my girlfriend. (not be; break up)
如果没有你的帮忙，我早就跟我的女朋友分手了。
（2）If I there earlier, I her. (arrive; meet)
如果我早点到这里，就能见到她了。

hadn’t been
would have broken up
had arrived
would have met
（1）If it were fine, the light wouldn’t be on.
如果没事的话，那灯就不会亮了。
（2）If that were true, it would be so much bigger.
如果真是这样，它会大很多。
（3）If I were not being careful, your telling me to be careful would not make me careful.
如果我现在不小心，我也不会因为你告诉我小心就会小心。
二、对现在的虚拟
（1）If it were fine, the light wouldn’t be on.
如果没事的话，那灯就不会亮了。
（2）If that were true, it would be so much bigger.
如果真是这样，它会大很多。
（3）If I were not being careful, your telling me to be careful would not make me careful.
如果我现在不小心，我也不会因为你告诉我小心就会小心。
你发现了这些句子的规律吗？
if 从句：did/ were
主句：would/ should/ might/ could + 动词原形
三种基本用法
二、对现在的虚拟
if 从句：did/ were
主句：would/ should/ might/ could + 动词原形
e.g. If you left your phone here, someone would steal it.
如果你把手机放在这里，会被偷的。
I wouldn’t say yes if I were you.
我要是你，就不答应。
If she were here, how nice it would be.
要是他也在，该有多好呀。
三种基本用法
二、对现在的虚拟
（1）If I a boy, I out of bed in the morning.
（2）If I a boy, I think that I how it feels to love a girl.
were
would roll
were
could understand
你找出歌曲里的虚拟语气了吗？
三种基本用法
【用正确形式填空】
（1）If I you, I to live in a small town. (be; choose)
（2）I more successful if I 48 hours a day. (be; had)


【用正确形式填空】
（1）If I you, I to live in a small town. (be; choose)
如果我是你，我就选择住在小城镇。
（2）I more successful if I 48 hours a day. (be; had)
如果我一天能有48小时，我会更成功。

were
would choose
would be
had
（1）If it’d be okay with you, if I just hung out with that guy that I met here for a little?
如果你不介意的话，我可以和在这里认识的男生待一会儿吗？
（2）I feel like if I won the lottery, I’d throw away the ticket.
我觉得如果我中了彩票，我会把彩票扔掉。
（1）If it’d be okay with you, if I just hung out with that guy that I met here for a little?
如果你不介意的话，我可以和在这里认识的男生待一会儿吗？
（2）I feel like if I won the lottery, I’d throw away the ticket.
我觉得如果我中了彩票，我会把彩票扔掉。
if 从句：did/ were
were to+动词原形
should+动词原形
主句：would/ should/ might/ could + 动词原形
三、对将来的虚拟
你能发现这些句子的规律吗？
三种基本用法
if 从句：did/ were
were to+动词原形
should+动词原形
主句：would/ should/ might/ could + 动词原形
e.g. 如果我有足够的钱，我将会买一套房子。
If I had enough money, I would buy a house.
If I were to have enough money, I would buy a house.
If I should have enough money, I would buy a house.
三、对将来的虚拟
三种基本用法
三、对将来的虚拟
你找出文章里的虚拟语气了吗？
三种基本用法
【用正确形式填空】
（1）If I the lottery, I a car. (win; buy)
（2）If he here tomorrow, I with him. (come; talk)



【用正确形式填空】
（1）If I the lottery, I a car. (win; buy)
如果我中了彩票，我会买一辆车。
（2）If he here tomorrow, I with him. (come; talk)
如果他明天来，我会跟他聊一聊。

won/ were to win/ should win
would buy
came/ were to come/ should come
would talk
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}假设情况
if 从句谓语
主句谓语
与过去事实相反
had+过去分词
would
should
could
might
have+过去分词
与现在事实相反
did/ were
v. 原形
将来不太可能发生
did/ were
were to + v.原形
should + v.原形
v. 原形
三种基本用法
【语法单选】
Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ______ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
A．have B．had had C．would have D．had
【解析】D。本题考查if引导的虚拟条件句。此句句义为：抱歉，我现在很忙。如果我有时间，我一定会和你一起去郊游的。表示与现在事实相反的情况，主句的谓语动词用“would/ should/ could/ might+动词原形”的形式，从句的谓语动词用过去式（be用were）。have在本题中是实义动词，表示“有（时间）”。故正确答案为D。
If Bajie Miss Gao, he would not have had the journey to the West.
If I you, I would do everything to demonstrate my competence.
If I another chance, I would say “I love you.”
对现在的虚拟
对将来的虚拟
对过去的虚拟
married
had married
were
were to
had
have
如果我是你…
三种基本用法
你发现了哪些条件句？哪些是真实条件句？哪些是虚拟条件句？
【真实条件句】
（1）If you have any advice for me, I’ll be happy to listen.
（2）You will not get enough vitamins if you don’t eat fresh fruits.
（3）If you want to be in good shape, exercise at least two times a week.
【虚拟条件句】
（1）I would have been on time if the traffic hadn’t been so bad.（过去）
（2）If you didn’t eat so many sweets any more, you would definitely lose weight.（现在）
（3）If I could work out twice a week, that would be awesome! （将来）
当if条件句中有助动词should, had或were时，可倒装
倒装步骤：
① 去掉if；
② 将should, had或were提前至句首。
e.g. If I had known the truth, I would have forgiven him.
我但凡知道了真相，就会原谅他。
Had I known the truth, I would have forgiven him.
倒装虚拟句
当if条件句中有助动词should, had或were时，可倒装
倒装步骤：
① 去掉if；
② 将should, had或were提前至句首。
e.g. If I were in your shoes, I would give it a shot.
如果我是你，我就试试看。
Were I in your shoes, I would give it a shot.
倒装虚拟句
当if条件句中有助动词should, had或were时，可倒装
倒装步骤：
① 去掉if；
② 将should, had或were提前至句首。
e.g. If it should become my masterpiece, I would invite you to have a big meal.
如果它成为我的代表作，我就请你吃一顿大餐。
Should it become my masterpiece, I would invite you to have a big meal.
倒装虚拟句
Should
I tell you to hide, you hide.
I tell you to run, you run.
I tell you to abandon me and save yourself, you must do so.
Should
Should
你找出片段里的虚拟语气了吗？
倒装虚拟句
1. ______ a little more careful, he might have avoided the mistake.
A．If he was
B．If he has been
C．Had he been
D．Should he be
C
2. Had it not been for his carelessness, Daniel the prize in the contest.
A．would win
B．would have won
C．will win
D．won
B
【条件】当if条件句中有助动词should, had或were时
【步骤】 ① 去掉if；
② 将should, had或were提前至句首。
倒装虚拟句小结
错综时间虚拟句：从句动作与主句谓语动词的动作发生的时间不一致
规则：主句和从句各自的谓语形式根据它们动作发生的时间作适当调整
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}假设情况
if 从句谓语
主句谓语
与过去事实相反
had+过去分词
would
should
could
might
have+过去分词
与现在事实相反
did/ were
v. 原形
将来不太可能发生
did/ were
were to + v.原形
should + v.原形
v. 原形
错综时间虚拟句
错综时间虚拟句：从句动作与主句谓语动词的动作发生的时间不一致
规则：主句和从句各自的谓语形式根据它们动作发生的时间作适当调整
e.g. 如果不到这个地方，我也不可能悲惨到这步田地。

If I hadn’t come to this place, there would still be some sunshine in my life.
与过去的事实相反
与现在的事实相反
错综时间虚拟句
错综时间虚拟句：从句动作与主句谓语动词的动作发生的时间不一致
规则：主句和从句各自的谓语形式根据它们动作发生的时间作适当调整
e.g. 如果他知道真相的话，早就过来吵架了。

If he knew the truth, he would have come to have an argument.
与现在的事实相反
与过去的事实相反
错综时间虚拟句
If Harry and Ron and me, I probably dead.
hadn’t come
found
would
be
你听出片段里的虚拟语气了吗？
错综时间虚拟句
　语 句 辨 析
（1）如果船是在3天前启航的，此刻正在通过这条运河。?
（2）如果船是在3天前启航的，再过半个小时就该到运河了。
（3）如果船现在启航，再过半个小时就可以到运河了。
（4）如果船此刻正在通过这条运河，那应该在3天前就启航了。
（5）如果船半小时后到达运河，那应该在3天前就启航了。
过去→现在
过去→将来
现在→将来
现在→过去
将来→过去
错综时间虚拟句
　语 句 辨 析
（1）如果船是在3天前启航的，此刻正在通过这条运河。?
过去→现在
If the ship had set sail three days ago, it would be passing through this canal now.
错综时间虚拟句
　语 句 辨 析
（2）如果船是在3天前启航的，再过半个小时就该到运河了。
过去→将来
If the ship had set sail three days ago, it would arrive at the canal in half an hour.
错综时间虚拟句
　语 句 辨 析
（3）如果船现在启航，再过半个小时就可以到运河了。
现在→将来
If the ship set sail now, it will arrive at the canal in half an hour.
错综时间虚拟句
　语 句 辨 析
（4）如果船此刻正在通过这条运河，那应该在3天前就启航了。
现在→过去
If the ship were passing through this canal now, it should have set sail three days ago.
错综时间虚拟句
　语 句 辨 析
（5）如果船半小时后到达运河，那应该在3天前就启航了。
将来→过去
If the ship should arrive at the canal in half an hour, it should have set sail three days ago.
错综时间虚拟句
【用正确形式填空】
（1）If you as I told you, you now. (do; succeed)
（2）If she free today, I her to have a lunch.
(be; invite)

【用正确形式填空】
（1）If you as I told you, you now. (do; succeed)
如果你按我说的做，你现在肯定就成功了。
（2）If she free today, I her to have a lunch.
(be; invite)
如果她今天有空，我早就约她出来吃午饭了。

won/ were to win/ should win
would succeed
were
would have invited
定义：假设情况不用if引导的虚拟条件句来表示，而是暗含在句中，这种情况叫含蓄条件句。
（1）特殊介词：without, but for（要不是）, except for（除了）
（2）分词短语：given
含蓄虚拟句
定义：假设情况不用if引导的虚拟条件句来表示，而是暗含在句中，这种情况叫含蓄条件句。
（1）特殊介词：without, but for（要不是）, except for（除了）
e.g. Without his teacher’s help, he couldn’t have passed the final exam.
如果没有老师的帮助，他通过不了期末考试。
If he hadn’t had his teacher’s help, he couldn’t have passed the final exam.
含蓄虚拟句
定义：假设情况不用if引导的虚拟条件句来表示，而是暗含在句中，这种情况叫含蓄条件句。
（1）特殊介词：without, but for（要不是）, except for（除了）
e.g. But for the manager’s advice, she would have made a big mistake.
要不是经理的建议，她已经犯下大错了。
If she hadn’t taken the manager’s advice, she would have made a big mistake.
含蓄虚拟句
定义：假设情况不用if引导的虚拟条件句来表示，而是暗含在句中，这种情况叫含蓄条件句。
（2）分词短语：given
e.g. Given more time, I would have been able to finish the test.
要是有更多时间，我就能完成考试了。
If I had been given more time, I would have been able to finish the test.
含蓄虚拟句
【语法单选】
1. But for water, it _______ impossible for human beings to live on the earth.
A．is B．were C．would be D．wouldn’t be
【解析】C。考查含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气。本题句义为：没有水的话，人类就不能在地球上生存。but for用于含蓄条件句中表示虚拟或假设，不用if引导的条件状语从句来表示。结合语境可知，本题表示的是与过去事实相反的情况，所以C项为正确答案。
【语法单选】
2. ______ your help, I could not have succeeded.
A．Without B．With C．Besides D．Except
【解析】A。考查含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气。本题句义为：没有你的帮助，我不可能成功。without用于含蓄条件句中表示虚拟或假设，不用if引导的条件状语从句来表示。结合语境可知，本题表示的是“如果没有”，所以A项为正确答案。
【常见引导词】
（1）特殊介词：without, but for（要不是）, except for（除了）
（2）分词短语：given
含蓄虚拟句小结
一、主语和be动词的省略
条件：① 从句的主语和主句的主语一致
② 从句的谓语动词是be的某种形式
规则：将从句中的主语和be动词进行省略
e.g. If the dog had been fed well, it would not get sick.
如果喂养得好的话，这只小狗就不会生病。
If fed well, it would not get sick.
虚拟条件句的省略
二、“it + be”结构的省略
条件：从句含有“it + be”结构
规则：将从句中的主语和be动词进行省略
e.g. If it were possible, I would rather be a butterfly.
如果可能的话，我宁愿化作一只蝴蝶。
If possible, I would rather be a butterfly.
虚拟条件句的省略
【语法单选】
1. ______ I you, I would accept what the woman said.
A．Was B．Am C．Be D．Were
【解析】D。考查虚拟语气。本题句义为：如果我是你，我会接受那位女士所说的话。当虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反或实际上不存在的情况时，主句的谓语动词常为“would/ should/ could/ might+动词原形”结构，从句的谓语动词若为be动词，则用were。此外，在if引导的虚拟条件句中，如果从句的谓语动词含有were，此时可以省略if，并将were置于句首，变为部分倒装。故D项为正确答案。
【语法单选】
2. ______ the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily.
A．Had it not been for 　　　　　　　　B．If it were not
C．If it had not been for D．Were it not for
【解析】D。考查虚拟语气。本题句义为：要不是因为有云，你会很容易看到天上的飞机。表示与现在事实相反的情况，主句的谓语动词用“would/ should/ could/ might+动词原形”的形式，从句的谓语动词用过去式（be用were）。A、C两项均为过去完成时，不符合用法，应排除。在if引导的虚拟条件句中，如果从句的谓语动词含有were、should、had等词，此时可以省略if，并将were、should、had等置于句首，变为部分倒装。故D项为正确答案。
【语法单选】
3. ______, I would go there by myself now.
A．Were I you B．I were you C．If I have beenD．Have I been
【解析】A。考查虚拟语气。本题句义为：如果我是你，我现在就自己去了。根据now可知，本句表示的是与现在事实相反的情况。并且，在if引导的虚拟条件句中，如果从句的谓语动词有were，此时可以省略if，并将were置于句首，变为部分倒装。由此可知，A项为正确答案。
含should虚拟句
02
结构：① 四类标志词（动词、名词、过去分词）
坚持：insist
命令：order/ command
建议：advise/ suggest/ propose/ recommend
要求：ask/ demand/ require/ request/ desire
② 一个句型
It is+…+that引导的主语从句
从句谓语：（should）+动词原形
含should虚拟句
（1）标志词是动词（宾语从句中）
坚持：insist
命令：order/ command
建议：advise/ suggest/ propose/ recommend
要求：ask/ demand/ require/ request/ desire
e.g. He insisted that the meeting (should) be put off.
他要求推迟那个会议。
The General ordered that we (should) beat them in an hour.
将军命令我们在一个小时之内击败他们。

一、四类标志词
含should虚拟句
（1）标志词是动词（宾语从句中）
坚持：insist
命令：order/ command
建议：advise/ suggest/ propose/ recommend
要求：ask/ demand/ require/ request/ desire
e.g. The teacher advised that we (should) get up early in the morning.
老师建议我们早上要早点儿起床。
The teacher asked that all the children (should) wash hands before the meal.
老师要求所有小朋友要在饭前洗手。

一、四类标志词
含should虚拟句
suggest：① 建议 虚拟语气
② 暗示，表明 陈述语气
insist： ① 坚持（行为） 虚拟语气
② 坚持（某一观点） 陈述语气
e.g. We suggest that he should leave for Beijing next Tuesday.
我们建议他下周二去北京。
The expression on his face suggested that he was very angry.
他脸上的表情表明他很生气。
一、四类标志词
含should虚拟句
一、四类标志词
你找到片段里的虚拟语气了吗？
— What would you suggest that I do?
— I would suggest you take prescribed medication.
含should虚拟句
suggest：① 建议 虚拟语气
② 暗示，表明 陈述语气
insist： ① 坚持（行为） 虚拟语气
② 坚持（某一观点） 陈述语气
e.g. He insisted that Lucy should lend a book to him.
他坚持要露西借给他一本书。
He insists that Lucy has borrowed a book from him.
他坚称露西从他那里借了一本书。
一、四类标志词
含should虚拟句
选一选：
（1）These facts suggest that he an honest man. (be)
A．should be B．is
事实表明他是个诚实的人。 （暗示、表明）
（2）Ⅰ suggest that the baby lunch now. (have)
A．should have B．has
我建议我们现在吃午饭。 （建议）
B
A
选一选：
（1）I insist that your sister with us. (come)
A．should come B．comes
（2）He insisted that she . (not die)
A．shouldn’t die B．hadn’t died
选一选：
（1）I insist that your sister with us.（come）
A．should come B．comes
我坚持要求你妹妹跟我们一起来。 （坚持的是行为）
（2）He insisted that she . (not die)
A．shouldn’t die B．hadn’t died
他坚持说她没死。 （坚持的是观点）
A
B
（2）标志词是名词（表语从句和同位语从句中）
坚持：insistence
命令：order/ command
建议：advice/ suggestion/ proposal/ recommendation
要求：demand/ requirement/ request/ desire
补充：agreement/ decision/ idea/ determination/ plan

一、四类标志词
含should虚拟句
（2）标志词是名词（表语从句和同位语从句中）
e.g. His advice is that we (should) make a big meal.
他的建议是我们应当做一顿大餐。
The manager made an order that we (should) not leave before all things are done.
经理命令我们在所有事做完之前不许离开。
The requirement that citizens (should) stay at home for a week is accepted by most people.
在家待一个星期的要求被大多数人所接受。
一、四类标志词
含should虚拟句
（3）标志词是过去分词（主语从句中）
坚持：insisted
命令：ordered
建议：advised/ suggested/ proposed/ recommended
要求：demanded/ required / requested/ desired
e.g. It is required that we (should) finish the homework.
我们必须完成作业。
It is insisted that he (should) have a rest.
大家坚持让他休息会儿。
一、四类标志词
含should虚拟句
【语法单选】
1. The officer ordered that everything ______ ready before ten o’clock.
A．should be B．was C．were D．would be
【解析】A。考查虚拟语气。本题句义为：军官命令所有事情要在10点之前准备好。order表示“命令”，其后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。故A项为正确答案。
【语法单选】
2. My suggestion is that the meeting ______ put off until next week.
A．is　　B．was C．be D．will be
【解析】C。考查虚拟语气。本题句义为：我的建议是会议推迟到下周。suggestion表示“建议”，其后引导的表语从句常用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。由此可知，C项为正确答案。
【语法单选】
3. Our history teacher suggested that we ______ the city museum this weekend.
A．will visit B．would visit C．visited D．should visit
【解析】D。考查虚拟语气。本题句义为：我们的历史老师建议说我们这个礼拜应该参观市博物馆。suggest表示“建议”，其后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。由此可知，D项为正确答案。
It is+…+that引导的主语从句
名词（词组）：a pity, a shame, no wonder…
形容词：surprising, impossible, important, necessary, urgent, strange, critical（爱挑剔的，极重要的）, natural, crucial（关键性的，决定性的）, essential（基本的，必要的）, vital（至关重要的）…

二、一个句型
含should虚拟句
（1）It is+名词+that引导的主语从句
e.g. It is a pity that John should have no opportunity to take part in the game.
约翰没机会参加比赛真是太遗憾了。
It is a shame that he should not be titled as the MVP.
他没有被授予“最有价值球员”的称号真是太遗憾了。
It is no wonder that my mother (should) be so mad at you.
难怪我妈妈这么生你的气。

二、一个句型
含should虚拟句
（2）It is+形容词+that引导的主语从句
e.g. It is crucial that we (should) lay high stress on the core technology.
关注核心技术非常重要。
It is strange that he (should) not come here.
他竟然没来，真奇怪。

二、一个句型
含should虚拟句
1. It is important that we ______ the project on time.
A．will complete
B．completed
C．complete
D．shall complete
C
2. It is essential that all the reports to be published ______ twice.
A．be checked
B．would be checked
C．were checked
D．will be checked
A
结构：① 四类标志词（动词、名词、过去分词）
坚持：insist
命令：order/ command
建议：advise/ suggest/ propose/ recommend
要求：ask/ demand/ require/ request/ desire
② 一个句型
It is+…+that引导的主语从句
从句谓语：（should）+动词原形
含should虚拟句小结
其他虚拟用法
03
其他虚拟用法
一、as if/ as though+从句
as if/ as though：好像，用法同非真实条件句
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}假设情况
从句谓语
与过去事实相反
had+过去分词
与现在事实相反
did/ were
将来发生的可能性较小
did/ were
were to + v.原形
should + v.原形
其他虚拟用法
一、as if/ as though+从句
as if/ as though：好像，用法同非真实条件句
e.g. It seemed as though they had done something unpardonable.
看上去他们好像做了些不可原谅的事。 （对过去的虚拟）
Jim looks as if he were a happy bird.
吉姆看上去像一只快乐的小鸟。 （对现在的虚拟）
He opened his mouth as if he would say something．
他张开嘴好像要说什么。 （对将来的虚拟）
其他虚拟用法
一、as if/ as though+从句
选一选
It seems as if the water here _______ too dirty to swim in.
这里的水看起来很脏，不能游泳。
A．were B．is
B
Aha Moment
眼见为实，描述的事情为事实时，用陈述语气
其他虚拟用法
一、as if/ as though+从句
你找出文章里的虚拟语气了吗？
（1）It is as though you are absent.
（2）It seems as though your eyes had flown away.
其他虚拟用法
He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ________ a Chinese.
A．were
B．been
C．are
D．has
A
（1）It’s time we were honest with you.
该是对你说实话的时候了。
（2）It’s about time you got your head out of those books and paid attention to more important things.
是时候把你的精力从那些书上移开，把注意力放在更重要的事情上了。
二、It is…time+that+从句
（1）It’s time we were honest with you.
该是对你说实话的时候了。
（2）It’s about time you got your head out of those books and paid attention to more important things.
是时候把你的精力从那些书上移开，把注意力放在更重要的事情上了。
你能发现这些句子的规律吗？
It is…time+that+从句：该是…的时候了
① time前常有high、right、about、the very等词修饰
② 从句中用一般过去时或should+do
其他虚拟用法
二、It is…time+that+从句
It is…time+that+从句：该是…的时候了
① time前常有high、right、about、the very等词修饰
② 从句中用一般过去时或should+do
e.g. It is high time that we went home. 我们是时候回家了。
= It is high time that we should go home.
It is time that he was told the truth. 该是告诉他真相的时候了。
= It is high time that he should be told the truth.
其他虚拟用法
1. It’s time we .
A．start
B．started
C．was started
D．should started
B
2. It is high time that she here.
A．leave
B．leaves
C．leaving
D．should leave
D
三、情态动词+have done
（1）I would have been devastated.
我会伤心欲绝的。
（2）The paramedics said it could have been a lot worse.
急救员说情况完全有可能比现在严重得多。
（3）You shouldn’t have done that.
你不该这样做。
（4）I should have known it was going to be some bullshit hassle!
我早该知道大家会争吵！
你能发现这些句子的规律吗？
（1）I would have been devastated.
我会伤心欲绝的。
（2）The paramedics said it could have been a lot worse.
急救员说情况完全有可能比现在严重得多。
（3）You shouldn’t have done that.
你不该这样做。
（4）I should have known it was going to be some bullshit hassle!
我早该知道大家会争吵！
情态动词+have done：对过去事情的假设
其他虚拟用法
三、情态动词+have done
情态动词+have done：对过去事情的假设
could have done：本来能够做某事而实际上未做
should/ ought to have done：本应该做某事而实际上未做
shouldn’t/ ought not to have done：本不应该做某事而实际上做了
needn’t have done：本不需要做某事而实际上做了
would have done：本来想做、要做但没做
其他虚拟用法
三、情态动词+have done
could have done：本来能够做某事而实际上未做
e.g. He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.
他本来能够通过考试的，但他太粗心了。（实际未通过）
should/ ought to have done：本应该做某事而实际上未做
e.g. The work should/ ought to have been finished yesterday.
这项工作本应在昨天完成的。（实际未完成）
其他虚拟用法
三、情态动词+have done
shouldn’t/ ought not to have done：本不应该做某事而实际上做了
e.g. Mark is crying now. I shouldn’t have been so strict with him.
马克现在哭了。我本不应该对他这么严厉的。（实际很严厉）
needn’t have done：本不需要做某事而实际上做了
e.g. He She needn’t have come in person. A letter would have been enough.
她本不需要亲自来的。写封信就足够了。（实际亲自来了）
其他虚拟用法
三、情态动词+have done
would have done：本来想做、要做但没做
e.g. Mark Without your help, I wouldn’t have achieved so much.
没有你的帮助，我本不会取得这么大成就的。（实际取得了）
其他虚拟用法
其他虚拟用法小结
总结
知识点1 虚拟条件句（条件状语从句的虚拟）
知识点2 名词性从句虚拟（含should虚拟句）
知识点3 其他虚拟用法
虚拟语气小结
虚拟语气小结
【语法单选】
1. ______ the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily.
A．Had it not been for B．If it were not
C．If it had not been for D．Were it not for
【解析】D。本题考查省略if的虚拟条件句。此句句义为：要不是因为有云，你很容易会看到天上的飞机。表示与现在事实相反的情况，主句的谓语动词用“would/ should/ could/ might+动词原形”的形式，从句的谓语动词用过去式（be用were）。A、C两项均为过去完成时，排除。在if引导的虚拟条件状语从句中，如果从句的谓语动词含有were、should、had等词，此时可以省略if，并将were、should、had等置于句首，变为部分倒装。故正确答案为D。
【语法单选】
2. I suggested that he ______ to the hospital at once.
A．went B．will go C．should go D．goes
【解析】C。本题考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气。此句句义为：我建议他马上去医院。表示“命令”“建议”“要求”等含义的动词后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。这类动词主要有suggest、order、command等。因此，空格处填入should go符合要求。故正确答案为C。
【语法单选】
3. It is necessary that we ______ breakfast.
A．have B．had C．have had D．will have
【解析】A。本题考查主语从句中的虚拟语气。此句句义为：我们有必要吃早餐。在“It+be+形容词+主语从句”的结构中，当形容词为important、necessary、strange等时，主语从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。故正确答案为A。
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