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(共134张PPT)
2026湖南省中职英语综合复习
拓展模块Unit3+Unit4
主讲aaa
词汇、短语与句型
01
1. adj. 雾霾的 ___________ 2. adj. 环保的 ____________________
3. n. 问题 ___________ 4. n. 垃圾 ___________
5. v. 分类 & n. 种类 ___________ 6. v. 形成 ___________
7. adj. 家庭的 ___________ 8. v. 将……分类 ___________
9. v. 解决 ___________ 10. adv. 此外，而且 __________
一、 词汇集锦
smoggy
environment-friendly
issue
garbage
sort
form
household
classify
settle
moreover
词汇、短语与句型
11. n. 主题 ___________ 12. n. 零售商 ___________
13. n. & v. 影响 ___________ 14. n. 包裹 ___________
15. adj. 普通的，不大的 ___________ 16. n. 热情，激情 ___________
17. v. 使……丰富 ___________ 18. n. 愿景，视力 ___________
19. n. 口号 ___________ 20. adj. 相关的 ___________
一、 词汇集锦
theme
retailer
influence
parcel
humble
passion
enrich
vision
slogan
relative
词汇、短语与句型
21. n. 品牌 ___________ 22. n. 连锁店 ___________
23. n. characteristic ___________ 24. n. souvenir ___________
25. adj. hazardous ___________
一、 词汇集锦
brand
chain
特征，特点
纪念品
有害的
词汇、短语与句型
二、 词性拓展
词汇、短语与句型
二、 词性拓展
词汇、短语与句型
二、 词性拓展
词汇、短语与句型
二、 词性拓展
词汇、短语与句型
二、 词性拓展
词汇、短语与句型
二、 词性拓展
词汇、短语与句型
二、 词性拓展
词汇、短语与句型
1. Spitting in public is a bad _________.
A. thing B. behavior C. habit D. act
2. The study of science has _________ all our lives.
A. experienced B. made C. enriched D. recycled
3. He bought a drum as a _________ of his journey in Africa.
A. souvenir B. card C. instrument D. toy
B
C
A
三、短语整合
单击此处编辑母版文本样式
二级
三级
四级
五级
1. 起作用，有影响 ___________________ 2. 全国各地 ________________
3. 实施，执行 ___________ 4. 收费，要价 ___________
5. 许多，大量 _________________
6. 一些有意义的事 _____________________
7. 总经理 ________________ 8. 打扫干净 ___________
9. 总结 ___________ 10. 集中于 ______________
make a difference
across the country
carry out
charge for
a huge amount of
something meaningful
general manager
clean up
sum up
be centered on
词汇、短语与句型
三、短语整合
11. 适合 ___________ 12. 交通堵塞 ___________
13. 做出正确决定 _______________ 14. 付诸实践 ________________
15. 紧跟，坚持 ___________ 16. 感到放松、舒适 ____________
17. 牢记 ______________ 18. a series of _________________
19. corporate culture ___________
20. the Palace Museum ___________
fit for
traffic jams
make right decisions
put into practice
stick with
feel at home
keep in mind
一系列，一连串
企业文化
故宫博物院
词汇、短语与句型
四、句型重现
1. What do many people do in the smoggy days
______________________________________________________________________
2. I worked as a volunteer for an environmental protection organization.
______________________________________________________________________
3. China is working hard to improve its waste sorting system.
______________________________________________________________________
4. Would you please give me a brief introduction of your company
______________________________________________________________________
很多人在雾霾天做什么？
我在一个环境保护组织做志愿者。
中国正在努力改进垃圾分类系统。
能请你向我简单介绍一下你们公司吗？
词汇、短语与句型
四、句型重现
5. We believe that a company shouldn’t only think about making money.
_____________________________________________________________________
6. Good vision statements will help employees make right decisions.
_____________________________________________________________________
7. The new method used by Beijing this time is to divide the household garbage into four types, which are recyclables, kitchen waste, hazardous waste and other waste.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
我们认为，一家公司不应该只考虑赚钱。
优秀的愿景宣言有助于员工做出正确的决定。
北京这次使用的新方法是将生活垃圾分为四种类型，即可回收物（垃圾）、厨余垃圾、有害垃圾和其他垃圾。
词汇、短语与句型
四、句型重现
单击此处编辑母版文本样式
二级
三级
四级
五级
8. However, many people have not formed the habit of sorting their waste yet.
_______________________________________________________________
9. To go to school or work by public transportation _________ (代替) driving our own cars.
然而，许多人还没有形成垃圾分类的习惯。
instead of
词汇、短语与句型
课文知识点梳理
02
【句子1】
I helped people sort garbage and handed out cloth bags.
我帮助人们把垃圾分类，分发布袋。
重点解析
hand v. 交，给，传，递，提供 & n. 手，（钟表的）指针
e.g. Many hands make light work. 人多好办事/众人拾柴火焰高。
课文知识点梳理
【句子1】 I helped people sort garbage and handed out cloth bags.
拓展提升——hand
hand out 分发，发放 hand in 上交，提交
hand down 传给（后代） hand over （把权力或责任）移交给（某人）
hand back 归还 hand on 传递，转交，保持
by hand 手工 be good with one’s hands 技术娴熟
hand in hand 手拉手，密切关联 hands up 举手
in hand 在手头，在掌控中 out of hand 难以控制
e.g. New textbooks are often handed out at the beginning of the term.
新课本经常在学期开始时发放。
课文知识点梳理
1. He finally _____________ (移交) his responsibility for the company last year.
2. You must all _________ (上交) your reports by the end of next week.
3. These skills used to __________________ (传给) from father to son.
handed over
hand in
be handed down
【句子2】
What do you think we can do to deal with environmental issues
你认为我们能做些什么来解决环境问题？
重点解析
deal (dealt, dealt) v. 处理
课文知识点梳理
【句子2】 What do you think we can do to deal with environmental issues
拓展提升
（1）deal with 处理，应付，对付，对待，与某人做生意
e.g. deal with a problem 处理问题
deal with complaints 处理投诉
（2）deal with常与how连用，do with常与what连用。
e.g. I have no idea how to deal with the problem.
= I have no idea what to do with the problem.
我不知道该如何处理这个问题。
课文知识点梳理
1. A man should learn suitable ways _____________________________ (应对) life.
2. What to _________ (处理) the problem is the matter.
to deal with/ of dealing with
do with
【句子3】
The country has its own advanced technology of recycling.
该国拥有自己先进的回收技术。
重点解析
advanced adj. 高级的，先进的，高等的
e.g. advanced technology 先进技术
advanced science 先进科学，尖端科学
advanced mathematics 高等数学
advanced material 先进材料
课文知识点梳理
【句子3】 The country has its own advanced technology of recycling.
拓展提升
（1）advance n. 进步，进展，前进，行进
in advance 预先，事先，提前
e.g. It’s cheaper if you book the tickets in advance.
如果你提前订票的话，价格就会便宜些。
（2）advance v. 进步，发展，前进，行进，促进，推动，提出，提前
e.g. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears.
科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么会哭出眼泪的理论。
课文知识点梳理
【句子3】 The country has its own advanced technology of recycling.
拓展提升
（3）advancement n. 发展，前进，促进，推动
e.g. the advancement of knowledge/ education/ science 知识/教育/科学的发展
课文知识点梳理
1. It’s not hard to build a TV tower in the desert with _________ (先进的) technology.
2. Remind people of a sick situation _____________ (提前).
advanced
in advance
【句子4】
Another reason why people are slow to take action is that some cities sort garbage into six kinds, which can be too complicated for some people.
人们迟迟不愿采取行动（进行垃圾分类）的另一个原因是有些城市将垃圾分成六类，这对一些人来说太复杂了。
重点解析
take action 采取行动
e.g. We must take action to deal with the problem before it spreads to other areas.
在该问题扩展到其他地区之前，我们必须采取行动来解决它。
表示概念性的动作或行为时，action为不可数名词；表示具体的动作或行为时，action为可数名词。
Aha Moment
课文知识点梳理
【句子4】 Another reason why people are slow to take action is that some cities sort garbage into six kinds, which can be too complicated for some people.
拓展提升
（1）take steps/ measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
e.g. We are taking steps to prevent pollution.
我们正在采取措施防治污染。
We must take measures to reduce crime in the area.
我们必须采取措施来减少这个地区的犯罪。
课文知识点梳理
【句子4】 Another reason why people are slow to take action is that some cities sort garbage into six kinds, which can be too complicated for some people.
拓展提升
（2）put… into action 把……付诸行动
e.g. The new plan for traffic control is being put into action on an experimental basis.
新的交通管理方案正在试验实施。
课文知识点梳理
1. It’s time to take action _________ our earth.
A. protecting B. to protect C. protect D. protected
2. Measures have been taken _________ their life quality.
A. improve B. improving C. to improve D. improved
3. Our plans aren’t quite ready to _____________________ (付诸行动).
B
C
be put into action
【句子5】
They were eager to see the trees they planted grow up.
他们渴望看到他们种的树长大。
重点解析
eager adj. 热切的，渴望的，渴求的
e.g. be eager to do sth. = be keen to do sth. 渴望做某事
be eager for sth. 渴望得到某物
课文知识点梳理
【句子5】 They were eager to see the trees they planted grow up.
拓展提升
（1）eagerly adv. 热切地，渴望地
e.g. Her latest novel is eagerly awaited. 人们热切地期待着她的最新小说。
（2）eagerness n. 热切，渴望
e.g. with eagerness 热切地
in one’s eagerness to do sth. 渴望做某事
I couldn’t hide my eagerness to get back home.
我无法掩饰想回家的渴望。
课文知识点梳理
1. She is eager _________ her parents’ approval.
A. to B. for C. in D. with
2. Everyone in the class seemed eager _________.
A. to learn B. learn C. learning D. to learning
3. We are waiting for the professionals with _________.
A. eager B. eagerly C. eagerness D. eagerest
B
A
C
【句子6】
We’d like to develop a long-term business and aim to make people’s life more convenient with our best service.
我们想要发展长期的业务，旨在用我们最好的服务让人们的生活更方便。
重点解析
aim v. 力求达到，目的是，瞄准，针对，对象是
e.g. aim at doing sth./ aim to do sth. 旨在/力求做某事
be aimed at doing sth. 目的是/旨在做某事
课文知识点梳理
【句子6】 We’d like to develop a long-term business and aim to make people’s life more convenient with our best service.
拓展提升
（1）aim n. 目的，目标
e.g. with the aim of 以……为目的，为了
achieve one’s aim 达到某人的目标
Our main aim is to increase sales in Europe.
我们的主要目标是增加在欧洲的销售量。
课文知识点梳理
【句子6】 We’d like to develop a long-term business and aim to make people’s life more convenient with our best service.
拓展提升
（2）aimless adj. 没有方向的，无目标的，无计划的
e.g. My life seemed aimless.
我的生活似乎没有目标。
（3）aimlessly adv. 没有目标地，漫无目的地
e.g. He drifted aimlessly from one job to another.
他漫无目的地换了一个又一个工作。
课文知识点梳理
1. The project aims _________ kids to a stage called “deep reading”, where they can read to learn.
A. at get B. to get C. get D. for getting
2. Bob’s only _________ in life is to earn a lot of money.
A. journey B. influence C. aim D. satisfaction
3. He came here _________ reminding me of my homework.
A. with the aim of B. achieve his aim C. aim at D. aim to
B
C
A
【句子7】
Our corporate culture is centered on our customers because we believed that customer satisfaction is our success.
我们的企业文化以顾客为中心，因为我们相信顾客的满意是我们的成功。
重点解析
satisfaction n. 满意，满足，达到
e.g. to one’s satisfaction = to the satisfaction of sb. 使某人满意，令人满意的是
great/ deep satisfaction 极大的/深深的满足感
a sense/ feeling of satisfaction 满足感
课文知识点梳理
【句子7】
Our corporate culture is centered on our customers because we believed that customer satisfaction is our success.
我们的企业文化以顾客为中心，因为我们相信顾客的满意是我们的成功。
重点解析
satisfaction n. 满意，满足，达到
e.g. have the satisfaction of doing sth. 做某事得到满足
She looked back on her career with deep satisfaction.
回顾自己的事业，她深感满足。
课文知识点梳理
【句子7】 Our corporate culture is centered on our customers because we believed that customer satisfaction is our success.
拓展提升
（1）satisfy v. 使满意，使满足，满足（需求、需要等），向……证实，使确信
e.g. satisfy one’s needs/ demands 满足某人的要求
satisfy curiosity 满足好奇心
The education system must satisfy the needs of all children.
教育系统必须满足所有儿童的需要。
课文知识点梳理
【句子7】 Our corporate culture is centered on our customers because we believed that customer satisfaction is our success.
拓展提升
（2）satisfied adj. 满意的，满足的，确信的（常以人作主语）
e.g. She’s never satisfied with what she’s got. 她对自己的所得从不感到满足。
（3）satisfying adj. 令人满意的，令人满足的（常以物作主语）
e.g. I find that reading a book alone is satisfying. 我发现独自读书令人满足。
课文知识点梳理
【句子7】 Our corporate culture is centered on our customers because we believed that customer satisfaction is our success.
拓展提升
（4）satisfactory adj. 令人满意的，够好的，可以的
e.g. The work is satisfactory but not outstanding.
工作做得可以，但不出色。
课文知识点梳理
1. The proposed plan will not _________ everyone.
A. satisfy B. satisfaction C. satisfied D. satisfying
2. He had the _________ of seeing his book become a bestseller.
A. satisfy B. satisfaction C. satisfied D. satisfying
3. The affair was settled _________ the satisfaction of the client.
A. of B. in C. for D. to
A
B
D
【句子8】
The experience of other countries shows waste sorting is an efficient way to reduce the amount of waste.
其他国家的经验表明，垃圾分类是减少垃圾总量的有效方法。
重点解析
amount n. 金额，数量，数额 & v. 总计，共计，等于
课文知识点梳理
【句子8】 The experience of other countries shows waste sorting is an efficient way to reduce the amount of waste.
拓展提升
（1）the amount of：……的数量
【用法】通常修饰不可数名词，其构成的名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
e.g. The amount of money is 5,000 yuan. 钱的数量是5 000元。
（2）a large/ small amount of：大量的/少量的
【用法】通常修饰不可数名词，large可换成great、good等，其构成的名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
e.g. A large amount of money was spent on the bridge.
（人们）在这座桥上花了大量资金。
课文知识点梳理
【句子8】 The experience of other countries shows waste sorting is an efficient way to reduce the amount of waste.
拓展提升
（3）large amounts of：大量的
【用法】通常修饰不可数名词，其构成的名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
e.g. Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.
（人们）在这座桥上花了大量资金。
（4）amount to 总计，总共
e.g. His earnings are said to amount to $ 500,000 per year.
据说他每年的收入高达50万美金。
课文知识点梳理
1. A large amount of money _________ on the celebration by now.
A. was spent B. has been spent
C. had been spent D. is spent
2. A large amount of medicine _________ indeed needed in the earthquake-hit area.
A. was B. have been C. are D. were
3. So far, huge _________ (数量) of money have been spent on his slimming club.
B
A
amounts
【句子9】
Values are of little importance unless they are put into practice.
将价值观付诸实践才是重要的。
重点解析
be of importance 重要的
课文知识点梳理
【句子9】 Values are of little importance unless they are put into practice.
拓展提升
（1）“be of+抽象名词”相当于“be+抽象名词同词根的形容词”，用于说明主语的特征。
e.g. be of importance = be important be of value = be valuable
be of help = be helpful be of use = be useful
be of significance = be significant be of health = be healthy
课文知识点梳理
【句子9】 Values are of little importance unless they are put into practice.
拓展提升
（1）“be of+抽象名词”相当于“be+抽象名词同词根的形容词”，用于说明主语的特征。
前面可用great、little、some、any、no、not much等修饰，用于说明程度
e.g. The meeting is of great importance. = The meeting is very important.
这个会议很重要。
This book is of great help to English learners.
= This book is very helpful to English learners.
这本书对英语学习者很有帮助。
课文知识点梳理
【句子9】 Values are of little importance unless they are put into practice.
拓展提升
（2）be of+名词（表颜色、大小、度量、类别等）：表示不同人或事物的特征
color、age、size、height、weight、shape、type、kind、quality
e.g. The two boys are of the same age. 这两个男孩年龄相同。
She is of a different way of thinking. 她的思维方式与众不同。
课文知识点梳理
1. The matter is of __________________ (非常重要).
2. This medicine is of _________ (无用).
3. Walking after dinner can be of _________ (帮助).
great importance
no use
help
定语从句
03
定语从句
一、引导定语从句的关系代词
定语从句
关系代词可引导定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。常见的关系代词包括who、whom、which、that、whose、as等。
一、引导定语从句的关系代词
定语从句
who和whom
【先行词】只能指人
【句法功能】作主语或宾语，whom在定语从句中只作宾语，两者作宾语时可省略。
e.g. The boy who helped us is called Jack. 那个帮助我们的男孩叫杰克。
The girl (whom) I met looks like Lily. 我见到的那个女孩像莉莉。
一、引导定语从句的关系代词
在定语从句中作介词宾语且介词提前时，关系代词只能用whom，且whom不可省略。
e.g. Do not refuse to help those with whom you are not familiar.
不要拒绝帮助你不熟悉的人。
Aha Moment
定语从句
which
【先行词】只能是物
【句法功能】作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略，但作介词宾语且介词提前时，which不可省略。
e.g. This is a book which tells about Changsha. 这是一本讲述长沙的书。
Don’t expect people to do things (which) you would not do yourself.
己所不欲，勿施于人。
一、引导定语从句的关系代词
定语从句
that
【先行词】可以指人，也可以指物；指人时that可与who、whom互换，指物时可与which互换
【句法功能】作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。that在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词不可以提到that之前。
e.g. I am not the careless boy (that/ who/ whom) you thought me.
我不是你以为的那个粗心的男孩了。
If dreams die, life is a broken-winged bird that/ which cannot fly.
假如梦想灭亡，人生就是断了翅膀不能飞翔的小鸟。
一、引导定语从句的关系代词
定语从句
whose
（1）【先行词】可以指人，也可以指物
【句法功能】作定语，修饰其后的名词。
e.g. This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.
这就是那个世界闻名的科学家。
Look out! Don’t get too close to the house whose roof is being repaired.
当心！不要太靠近那间屋顶正在维修的房子。
一、引导定语从句的关系代词
定语从句
whose
（2）先行词是物：whose+名词=限定词+名词+of+which=of+which+限定词+名词
先行词是人：whose+名词=限定词+名词+of+whom=of+whom+限定词+名词
e.g. The house whose windows face south is ours.
= The house the window of which face south is ours.
= The house of which the windows face south is ours.
那座窗户朝南的房子是我们的。
一、引导定语从句的关系代词
定语从句
as
（1）【先行词】可以指人，也可以指物
【句法功能】作主语、宾语或表语；既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。
【常见结构】such… as…，the same… as…，as… as…
e.g. He is not the man as he was. 他不是过去的那个人了。
We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。
一、引导定语从句的关系代词
定语从句
as
（2）as引导非限制性定语从句时，可指代整个主句的内容，意为“正如，像……一样”，可放在主句的前面、中间或后面。
e.g. The match was wonderful, as we had expected.
正如我们所预料的那样，比赛棒极了。
As is well known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.
众所周知，台湾是中国的一部分。
一、引导定语从句的关系代词
定语从句
1. You are talented young adults _________ are full of hope for the future.
A. which B. when C. who D. where
2. — What do you think of the show Readers on CCTV
— It’s a great TV show _________ expresses our true feelings by reading aloud in public.
A. whom B. who C. whose D. that
3. His mother, _________ we know, can speak two foreign languages.
A. as B. who C. that D. which
4. This is the same pen _________ I lost yesterday.
A. as B. which C. that D. when
C
D
A
A
引导定语从句的关系代词—小结
二、引导定语从句的关系副词
定语从句
关系副词可引导定语从句，在从句中作状语。
常见的关系副词：when、where、why
二、引导定语从句的关系副词
定语从句
when
（1）【句法功能】作时间状语，先行词通常是表示时间的名词。
e.g. I’ll never forget the day when I joined the league.
我永远不会忘记入团的那一天。
（2）when可与“表示时间的介词+which”互换。
e.g. It was a time when/ in which there were many great scientists.
这是一个有着许多伟大科学家的时期。
二、引导定语从句的关系副词
定语从句
where
（1）【句法功能】作地点状语，先行词通常是表示地点的名词。
e.g. I like the park where there is a lake.
我喜欢有湖的那个公园。
（2）修饰表示具体地点的名词时，where可与“表示地点的介词+which”互换。
e.g. This is the place where/ in which we lived last year.
这是我们去年住的地方。
二、引导定语从句的关系副词
定语从句
where
（3）where引导的定语从句可修饰表示抽象空间的名词，如case、situation、position、stage、point等。
e.g. What are some situations where body language is the only form of communications
在什么情形下肢体语言是唯一的沟通方式？
二、引导定语从句的关系副词
定语从句
why
（1）【句法功能】作原因状语，可与“for which”互换，先行词通常只有reason。
e.g. This is the reason why/ for which he came late to school.
这就是他上学迟到的原因。
（2）the reason作先行词时，若关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，定语从句用that或which引导。
e.g. He couldn’t believe the reason that/ which the worker gave him.
他无法相信那个工人给出的理由。
二、引导定语从句的关系副词
定语从句
1. This is the hour _________ the place is full of people.
A. which B. when C. that D. where
2. I’d like to know the reason _________ you’re so successful.
A. which B. where C. why D. that
3. I recently went to the town _________ I was born.
A. that B. where C. when D. which
B
C
B
引导定语从句的关系副词—小结
当被指代的先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语，与介词构成介词短语时，常用“介词+关系代词”结构引导定语从句。
【注意】此结构既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。
（1）“介词+关系代词”结构中的介词依据具体情况而定。
e.g. Knowledge is a city, to the building of which every human being brought a stone.
知识是一座城市，每个人都曾添砖加瓦。
三、引导定语从句的“介词+关系代词”结构
定语从句
当被指代的先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语，与介词构成介词短语时，常用“介词+关系代词”结构引导定语从句。
【注意】此结构既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。
（1）“介词+关系代词”结构中的介词依据具体情况而定。
e.g. Can you lend me the magazine about which you talked yesterday
你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给我吗？
He made a telescope through which he could study the skies.
他做了一台望远镜，通过它能研究天空。
三、引导定语从句的“介词+关系代词”结构
定语从句
（2）在“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，先行词指人时，关系代词用whom；先行词指物时，关系代词用which。关系代词whose与其修饰的名词可一起放在介词之后。
e.g. Mountain Himalayas, the peak of which is hardly seen, is the highest mountain in the world.
喜马拉雅山是世界上最高的山，它的山顶几乎看不到。
He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen the bag.
他就是被小偷从其房间偷走包的那个人。
三、引导定语从句的“介词+关系代词”结构
定语从句
（3）“介词+关系代词”结构前面可用不定代词、数词等修饰。
e.g. Here are some books, some of which I thought too difficult for the little child.
就是这些书，其中一些我认为对这个小孩来说太难。
There are 60 students in our class, 20 of whom are girls.
我们班上有60个学生，其中20个是女生。
三、引导定语从句的“介词+关系代词”结构
定语从句
1. The reason _________ he didn’t come was that he missed his train.
A. in which B. at which C. for which D. on which
2. Mary is the person _________ you should learn.
A. to whom B. from whom C. to who D. from who
3. Xiangtan is the place _________ Li Hua was born.
A. in which B. from which C. for which D. on which
C
B
A
四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
定语从句
限制性定语从句
【作用】修饰、限制先行词，不可省略，否则主句意思不完整、不明确。
【翻译】一般将限制性定语从句译成前置定语，意为“……的”。
e.g. A soldier who does not want to be a marshal is not a good soldier.
不想当将军的士兵不是好士兵。
四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
定语从句
非限制性定语从句
【作用】对先行词补充说明，省略后不影响主句的意思，主句可独立存在。
【翻译】翻译句子时，一般将主句和从句译成并列句形式。
e.g. Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy.
昨天我遇见了李萍，她似乎很忙。
Hangzhou, which we visited last year, is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
我们去年游览了杭州，它是中国最美的城市之一。
四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
定语从句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
（1）which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后
as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于句首、句中或句尾
e.g. The road was so slippery, which caused lots of accidents.
路太滑了，以至于引起了很多事故。
定语从句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
（1）which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后
as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于句首、句中或句尾
e.g. He sold his car, which surprised me. 他把车子卖了，这使我感到很惊讶。
As anybody can see, a computer can do almost everything people can.
任何人都明白，计算机几乎能做到人能做的一切事情。
定语从句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
（1）which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后
as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于句首、句中或句尾
e.g. As is known to all, China is a country with a large population.
众所周知，中国是一个拥有众多人口的国家。
As we had expected, the parents’ meeting worked out very well.
正如我们事先预料的那样，这次家长会开得非常好。
定语从句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
（2）当非限制性定语从句为否定句或其谓语后面接复合宾语时，常用which引导。
e.g. He criticized Mary in public, which she didn’t like at all.
他公开批评玛丽，对此她一点儿都不愿意。
定语从句
区别
【形式上】限制性定语从句不用逗号与主句隔开，非限制性定语从句常用逗号与主句隔开
【用法上】
四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
关系词在从句中作动词宾语时可以省略，且可用who/ that替代whom 关系词在从句中作宾语时不可省略，且不可用who/ that替代whom
that可引导限制性定语从句 that不可引导非限制性定语从句
关系词为which时，不可指代整个主句 关系词为which时，可指代整个主句，并在从句中主语或宾语
定语从句
区别
有时，一个定语从句既可作限制性定语从句，又可作非限制性定语从句，但含义不同。
e.g. There are 20 students in this class who are from the north of China.
这个班里有20个来自中国北方的学生。（班里可能还有其他学生）
There are 20 students in this class, who are from the north of China.
这个班里有20个学生，他们来自中国北方。（班里共有20个学生）
四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
定语从句
1. The result of the experiment was very good, _________ we hadn’t expected.
A. as B. that C. which D. where
2. _________ you know, I don’t like drinking or smoking.
A. Who B. That C. Which D. As
C
D
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句—小结
五、定语从句的关系词只用that不用which的情况
情况 举例
先行词是all、everything、something等不定代词，或被any、all、no、little、few、much等修饰时 You must do everything that I do.
你必须做我所做的一切。
先行词被the only、the last、the very、the same等修饰时 Chatting was the only thing that interested her most.
聊天是她唯一最感兴趣的事。
先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时 The parks are the cleanest parks that you can imagine.
这些公园是你能想象的最干净的公园。
定语从句
五、定语从句的关系词只用that不用which的情况
情况 举例
先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时 Don’t trust the first sight that you see.
不要相信你第一眼看到的东西。
先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时 They talked about persons and things that they remembered in school.
他们谈起了记忆中学校里的人和事。
主句的主语是疑问词who或which时 Who is the person that is standing at the gate
站在门口的那个人是谁？
定语从句
1. This is the first book _________ he has read.
A. whose B. which C. that D. who
2. The boy and the dog _________ are in the picture are very lovely.
A. who B. that C. which D. whose
3. Which is the coat _________ you like best
A. who B. which C. that D. when
C
B
C
六、定语从句的关系词只用which不用that的情况
情况 举例
关系代词前面有介词且指物时 He made a film in which he acted with a cartoon character.
他制作了一部电影，他在里面和一个卡通角色一起表演。
引导非限制性定语从句时 Their team lost the game, which disappointed them greatly.
他们队输了比赛，这使他们很失望。
先行词为that、those时 What’s that which flashed in the sky just now
刚才天空中闪烁的是什么？
定语从句
1. — Which song do you like better, Lucy
— I prefer the song Little Apple, _________ can attract many people.
A. which B. who C. whom D. that
2. He saw his lovely cat, _________ delighted him.
A. when B. which C. that D. whom
A
B
七、定语从句的注意事项
定语从句
主谓一致
（1）定语从句中，若关系代词在从句中作主语，其后谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。
e.g. Here is a letter from Mr. Smith, who wants to come to Changsha.
这是史密斯先生的信，他想来长沙。
Here is a letter from the Smiths, who want to come to Changsha.
这是史密斯一家的信，他们想来长沙。
七、定语从句的注意事项
定语从句
关系代词和关系副词的选择
（1）选择关系代词和关系副词时，应判断关系词在从句中充当的成分，作主语、宾语或表语时用关系代词，作状语时用关系副词。当先行词为表示时间、地点或原因的名词时，切忌想当然，不可只考虑使用关系副词引导从句。
e.g. I forget the time that he told me.
我忘记了他告诉我的时间。（关系词在从句中作宾语）
I forget the time when he will come.
我忘记了他来的时间。（关系词在从句中作状语）
七、定语从句的注意事项
定语从句
关系代词和关系副词的选择
（2）有时，可根据定语从句中的谓语动词选择关系词。若从句中的谓语动词为及物动词，其后无宾语，常用关系代词。
e.g. This is the museum that I visited last year.
这是我去年参观过的博物馆。（visit为及物动词且其后无宾语）
七、定语从句的注意事项
定语从句
先行词为time的定语从句中，若time表示“次数”，应用that引导，that可省略；若time表示“一段时间”，则用when或at/ during which引导。
e.g. I could hardly remember how many times (that) I’ve failed.
我几乎记不清我已失败多少次了。
He lived in a time when/ during which there were no cars.
他生活在一个没有汽车的时代。
定语从句
1. She is one of the students who _________ praised at the meeting yesterday.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
2. I will never forget those years _________ I lived in the countryside with the farmers.
A. when B. which C. that D. who
D
A
定语从句的注意事项—小结
定语从句—小结
1. I will never forget the days _________ we spent together.
A. when B. that C. what D. how
2. I will not forget the people _________ helped me during my hard times.
A. which B. who C. whose D. whom
3. We’ll reach the sales targets in a month _________ we set at the beginning of the year.
A. that B. when C. where D. who
B
B
A
听力技巧与交际用语
04
一、听力技巧
听力技巧与交际用语
【考情分析】
人物传记以介绍性的方式对真人真事进行叙述，涉及的人物多为杰出的政治家、科学家、艺术家等，主要叙述他们的生平事迹和事业成就，有时也叙述普通人物的特殊经历或有意义的事件。人物传记类考题的考点在于人物的生卒年月、主要活动、贡献及社会评价等。
一、听力技巧
听力技巧与交际用语
【解题技巧1—— 关注开篇信息】
人物传记常在听力材料的开篇介绍人物的姓名、出生年月、生平梗概。考生应认真听取开篇的相关内容，获取人物的重要信息。
一、听力技巧
听力技巧与交际用语
【解题技巧2——注意课外积累】
考生应多积累课外知识，如中外历史上著名的政治家、科学家、艺术家等的生平事迹。
一、听力技巧
听力技巧与交际用语
【例题】
1. Where was Frost born
A. In New England. B. In Boston. C. In San Francisco.
2. When did Frost become friendly with Edward Thomas
A. Between 1924 and 1943. B. Between 1912 and 1915.
C. Between 1943 and 1963.
3. Which was published in 1914
A. Steeple Bush. B. A Boy’s Will. C. North of Boston.
4. What does the speaker ask the listeners to do next
A. Read a poem. B. Study a novel. C. Write a letter.
【解析】在考试过程中，考生需要获取的信息为弗罗斯特出生的地点、弗罗斯特与爱德华·托马斯交好的时间、弗罗斯特1914年出版的著作和说话者布置的任务。第1至4小题的正确答案分别为C项、B项、C项、A项。
【听力原文】
Today I’ll talk about Robert Frost. Robert Frost was born in San Francisco in 1875 and was sent at the age of ten to live in New England, an area which inspired almost all of his poetry. During this period, he wrote poetry but with little recognition. From 1912 to 1915, he lived in New England, where he became friendly with several poets, including Edward Thomas, and published A Boy’s Will in 1913 and North of Boston in 1914. In America his poetry was soon admired, and he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize on four occasions between 1924 and 1943. He went on writing throughout his life, publishing Steeple Bush at the age of seventy-two. He died in 1963. Frost’s poems are revolutionary. These poems show a quiet concern and satisfaction in their rhythms. Let’s know more about him and turn to Page 34 and look at A Boy’s Will for a moment.
【Exercise 1】 听下面的独白。独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。独白读两遍。
1. What is the man’s job
A. Designing theme parks.
B. Taking tourists to travel theme parks.
C. Writing theme park guidebooks.
2. Where should people visit if they like adventure rides
A. Magic Kingdom in Florida.
B. Cedar Point in Ohio.
C. Wizarding World of Harry Potter.
C
B
【Exercise 1】 听下面的独白。独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。独白读两遍。
3. What does the speaker say about the Wizarding World of Harry Potter
A. Special. B. Famous. C. Large.
4. What can NOT people probably do in the Wizarding World of Harry Potter
A. Buy magic sweets and things.
B. Have a tour in “Hogwarts School”.
C. Meet some actors in the films.
A
C
【听力原文】
I’m Andy Wells. People say I have got a dream job because I travel around the world to write guidebooks for the theme parks. People often ask me what the top theme park in the world is. Well, I’d say it has to be Magic Kingdom at Disney World in Florida—the most famous theme park. But the most popular park for people who like adventure rides is Cedar Point in Ohio—it has seventeen roller coasters in one park and three water rides. There are also some theme parks which are very special for certain people. For instance, last year I went to the Wizarding World of Harry Potter at the Islands of Adventure in Orlando, Florida, where there are those shops that sell magic sweets and things in the Harry Potter books. It is great for Harry Potter fans. There is also a fantastic tour of Hogwarts School where you can meet characters in the books. All in all, there are many interesting theme parks in the world which are really worth visiting. I hope you can have chances to visit the ones that attract you.
【Exercise 2】 请重听Exercise 1的独白，补全空白处的内容。独白读两遍。
I’m Andy Wells. People say I have got a dream job because I travel around the world to write for the theme parks. People often ask me what the top theme park in the world is. Well, I’d say it has to be Magic Kingdom at Disney World in Florida—the most theme park. But the most popular park for people who like adventure rides is Cedar Point in Ohio—it has seventeen roller coasters in one park and three water rides. There are also some
parks which are very special for certain people.
guidebooks
famous
theme
【Exercise 2】 请重听Exercise 1的独白，补全空白处的内容。独白读两遍。
For instance, last year I went to the Wizarding World of Harry Potter at the Islands of Adventure in Orlando, Florida, where there are those shops that sell magic sweets and things in the Harry Potter books. It is great for Harry Potter fans. There is also a fantastic tour of Hogwarts School where you can meet _________ in the books. All in all, there are many interesting theme parks in the world which are really worth visiting. I hope you can have chances to _____ the ones that attract you.
characters
visit
【听力原文】
I’m Andy Wells. People say I have got a dream job because I travel around the world to write guidebooks for the theme parks. People often ask me what the top theme park in the world is. Well, I’d say it has to be Magic Kingdom at Disney World in Florida—the most famous theme park. But the most popular park for people who like adventure rides is Cedar Point in Ohio—it has seventeen roller coasters in one park and three water rides. There are also some theme parks which are very special for certain people. For instance, last year I went to the Wizarding World of Harry Potter at the Islands of Adventure in Orlando, Florida, where there are those shops that sell magic sweets and things in the Harry Potter books. It is great for Harry Potter fans. There is also a fantastic tour of Hogwarts School where you can meet characters in the books. All in all, there are many interesting theme parks in the world which are really worth visiting. I hope you can have chances to visit the ones that attract you.
节日与风俗
The Chinese Spring Festival is regarded as the most important festival of the year among the Chinese.
二、交际用语
the Chinese Spring Festival
听力技巧与交际用语
节日与风俗
Yuanxiao is the special food for the Lantern Festival.
二、交际用语
the Lantern Festival
听力技巧与交际用语
节日与风俗
The Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated in honor of a great poet—Qu Yuan.
二、交际用语
the Dragon Boat Festival
听力技巧与交际用语
节日与风俗
During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China, families gather to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes.
二、交际用语
the Mid-Autumn Festival
听力技巧与交际用语
节日与风俗
May the coming New Year bring you joy, love and peace.
二、交际用语
New Year
听力技巧与交际用语
节日与风俗
October the first is our National Day.
二、交际用语
National Day
听力技巧与交际用语
节日与风俗
Happy Mother’s Day!
二、交际用语
Mother’s Day
听力技巧与交际用语
节日与风俗
Merry Christmas!
二、交际用语
Christmas
听力技巧与交际用语
写作训练：
综合训练二
05
以下是李华写的一封申请信，表达了自己想要在春节期间担任外宾访问活动的志愿者的愿望，并阐述了自己的优势。请根据括号里的中文信息将内容补充完整。
Dear Sir,
I am writing to (申请) a position as a volunteer. I’m Li Hua from Class One, Senior Three. I think I would be a good volunteer due to the following (理由).
First, with a great command of English, I can ________________ (与……交流) foreigners fluently. Together with my excellent communication skills and broad (知识) of the Spring Festival, I believe that they will spend a __________ (有意义的) and unforgettable time.
apply for
reasons
communicate with
knowledge
meaningful
Second, the similar experience teaches me what it takes to be a good volunteer, which is a guarantee to the _ (成功) of this activity. The experience in volunteering in sports meeting helps me become a (负责任的) and reliable volunteer.
Third, I am willing to spread Chinese culture to the world. Having read a lot of books about (传统的) Chinese culture, I am well aware of the origin, the history and the customs of the Spring Festival.
With my skills in communicating, I think my (介绍) will make it an unforgettable memory for both foreign friends and me. If you can give me the opportunity, I am sure to make you (满意).
I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
success
responsible
traditional
introduction
satisfied
以下是李华写给笔友Tom的一封信，介绍了自己和同学教小学生国学的有关情况。请根据括号里的中文信息将内容补充完整。
Dear Tom,
How’s everything going I’m glad to (收到……的来信) you, learning that you’re interested in what I did with Guoxue. Now I’d like to _____ (分享) it with you in detail.
As you know, Chinese Guoxue refers to all excellent (传统的) Chinese culture, which has been playing an (不断增加地) important part in China. Not only does it teach students how to study and live, but it also contributes to a harmonious (社会).
hear from
share
traditional
increasingly
society
So last Friday, my classmates and I went to the (小学) nearby to teach some students to learn “Three Character Classic”. First we read the characters and then we (解释) them in detail, making the students there (满意的).
If you are keen to have a better (理解) of Guoxue, it’s a good choice for you to come to China to (体验) it in person. Surely you’ll benefit from it.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
primary school
explained
satisfied
understanding
experience
总结
1. 词汇、短语与句型
2. 课文知识点梳理
3. 语法：定语从句
4. 听力技巧与交际用语
5. 写作训练：综合训练二
单元总结
THANK YOU
主讲aaa

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