资源简介

(共34张PPT)
Period 2　Reading and Thinking (Ⅱ)要点内化课　
UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
自主素养储备
知识素养积淀
课堂学业达标
素养目标
1.掌握一些有用的单词和短语:nearby、defence、legal、surround、belong to、as well as等。
2.根据文章语境,理解并正确使用新词、短语、句型。
Ⅰ.根据语境及首字母提示填写单词
1.Last of all,the c_____ editor read the article and approved it.
2.It’s clear that the rain forest is an animal k________.
3.In history, those foreign settlers c__________ the rich city.
4.As the youngest girl in the family,she is s___________ by love and kindness.
5.We interviewed each i__________ member of the community.
6.The best p__________ is to change your food habits to a low-sugar diet.
7.Thanks to his research,the UN has more tools in the b_____ to rid the world of
hunger.
自主素养储备
hief
ingdom
onquered
urrounded
ndividual
hilosophy
attle
8.The police,as well as some related people,have been trying to find the exact
l________ of the missing antique.
9.It was a great a___________ that a month later a global agreement was reached.
10.Is there life on Mars It is still a p______ to us.
ocation
chievement
uzzle
词汇微空间 动词+后缀-ment →名词
achieve v.获得;实现→ achievement n.成就
excite v.使兴奋→___________ n.兴奋
entertain v.招待→______________ n.娱乐
enjoy v.欣赏→___________ n.乐趣
pave v.铺路→ __________ n.人行道
excitement
entertainment
enjoyment
pavement
Ⅱ.根据语境填入适当的介词或副词
1.___ defence of our nation,many soldiers lost their lives.
2.The young man was charged _____ organizing an illegal demonstration.
3.The famous star broke away ______ the club and joined a new one.
4.The main land is joined ___ the three places by the new bridge.
5.Please tell me the difference _________ these names.
6. Even if they look different, in fact, these men and women belong ___ the same
family.
7.His laziness resulted ___ his failure in all the fields.
8.The dictionary can be referred ___ if you meet some new words.
In
with
from
to
between
to
in
to
9. The young lady, known ___ a famous singer, came to their community.
10.The boss had announced the good news ___ us before we went home after work.
as
to
1.break away (from sb./sth.)脱离;背叛;逃脱
观察·悟
※Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK.(教材典句)
最后,在二十世纪,爱尔兰南部从联合王国脱离了出去。
※An early-warning system can’t bring the broken-down ecosystem back to normal.早期的警报系统不能把遭到破坏的生态系统恢复正常。
※The war broke out in 1939.
战争爆发于1939年。
※Their marriage has broken up.
他们的婚姻已经破裂。
※We had our car broken into last week.
我们的车上周被撬了。
知识素养积淀
生成·得
①break ______ 坏掉;失败
②break out ______________
③break ____ 破碎;结束;解散
④break into ______________
【知识延伸】 表示“闯入”的短语
短语“闯入”有两个:一个是break into,该短语为及物动词短语,另一个是break in,该短语为不及物动词短语。
down
爆发,突然开始
up
强行闯入;撬开
内化·用 用含有break的短语填空
①Burglars had __________ while we were away.
②The people of the province wished to ___________ and form a new state.
③Fire __________ during the night.
broken in
break away
broke out
2.belong vi.应在(某处);适应 派生belongings n.财产
观察·悟
※The students feel that they belong to a particular group.学生们感觉他们属于一个特别的团队。
※(读后续写之心理描写)It’s at that moment that they experienced a sense of belonging.
恰在此刻,他们体会到了归属感。
※Where do these plates belong
这些盘子该放在哪里
※(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
如果你打算在一个健身房锻炼,你寻找的健身同伴必须属于同一个健身房。
生成·得
①a sense of belonging ________
②_________ 属于,归……所有
内化·用 语法填空/完成句子
①When you are travelling outside, you should watch over for your ___________
(belong).
②(应用文之推荐信)Today I’d like to introduce a book to you, which ________
(belong) to history books.
③Here in the company, you can feel __________________.
在这个公司,你可以感受到一种归属感。
归属感
belong to
belongings
belongs
a sense of belonging
3.as well as 同(一样也);和;还
观察·悟
※(读后续写之心理描写)After they have gone through so many difficulties, they’re aware that they’re still connected by kindness and friendship as well as warm heart.当他们经历了如此多的困难后,他们意识到他们仍是由友善、友谊及热心维系在一起。
※Tom as well as his classmates likes football.
汤姆和他的同学都喜欢足球。
※He sent me a letter and some money as well.
他寄给我一封信,外加一些钱。
生成·得
as well as 和as well 都有“还,和” 之意,但是前者为连词,连接两个并列成分,后者
为副词,其后不跟成分。此外,前者并列两个成分作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于
它前面的成分。同样用法的表达还有“with”和“together with”。
内化·用 语法填空/句型转换
①Amy, as well as her brothers,__________(give) a warm welcome when returning
to the village last week.
②As we all know,travelling is of great benefit to our body as well ___ our mind.
③Tomas and his parents like travelling.
→________________________________________
was given
as
Tomas as well as his parents likes travelling.
4.surround vt.围绕;包围 派生surrounding adj. 周围的;附近的　surroundings n.环境
观察·悟
※(应用文之介绍信)Surrounded by hills and waters, the island attracts many visitors each year.该岛山水环绕,每年吸引了众多游客。
※The lake is surrounded with trees.
树木环绕着湖。
※They’ve surrounded the building with police.
他们派警察包围了那栋房子。
※The huts blend in perfectly with their surroundings.
这些棚屋与周围的环境浑然一体,非常和谐。
生成·得
①surround A _____ B 用B包围A
②be ___________ by/with... 被……包围着
内化·用 语法填空/句型转换
①____________ by trees and flowers,the _____________ of the cottage are quite beautiful.
(surround)
②The ____________ (surround) villages have been absorbed by the growing city.
③I need to work in pleasant _____________ (surround).
④As the young actor was surrounded by many fans,he was very nervous. (用过去分词短语作状
语改写)
→________________________, the young actor was very nervous.
with
surrounded
Surrounded
surroundings
surrounding
surroundings
Surrounded by many fans
5.evidence n.证据;证明 派生 evident adj.明显的 evidently adv. 显然;明显地
观察·悟
※There’s clear evidence that their teachers take measures to improve their study.有明显的证据表明他们的老师采取了措施提高其学业。
※(读后续写之人物描写)She walked slowly down the road, evidently in pain.
她沿路慢慢地走着,显然很痛苦。
※It is evident that we should take measures to protect the earth.
很明显,我们应该采取措施保护地球。
生成·得
①There is evidence that... ______________
②_________________ 很明显……
【巧学助记】巧记evidence及其派生词
Evidently, they have offered evidence that they told the truth.显然,他们给出证据表明他们讲了实话。
【知识延伸】
“there is evidence that”该结构中的that 从句为名词性从句中的同位语从句,解释说明“证据”的内容,此时的连接词“that”不能省略。
证据表明……
It’s evident that...
内化·用 语法填空/一句多译
①Now we have the most direct _________ (evident) that he is right.
②__________ (evident),in competitive society there are both losers and winners.
③显然这项政策是很成功的。
→_________________ the policy was a great success. (复合句)
→__________,the policy was a great success. (简单句)
evidence
Evidently
It was evident that
Evidently
6.achievement n.成就;成绩;达到 派生 achieve v.完成;达到目的
观察·悟
※(读后续写之心理描写)David felt a sense of achievement welling up in his heart.
大卫感到一种成就感涌上心头。
※As long as we don’t give up hope and make every effort to overcome all the difficulties, we will surely achieve our goal finally.
只要我们不放弃希望,尽一切努力克服所有困难,我们最终一定会实现我们的目标。
※Every great achievement is the result of a heart on fire.
每一个伟大的成就都是内心熊熊燃烧的结果。
※(应用文之建议信)Stick to working hard and you’ll make great achievements.
坚持努力工作,你将会有很大成就。
生成·得
①_______________ 实现目标
②a sense of achievement ________
与“achievement”有关的常用表达还有:“women of great achievement” (取得巨大成
就的女性);“achieve success”(取得成功)。
内化·用 完成句子
①She was inspired by women ___________________ and decided to be a scientist.
她受到取得巨大成就的女性的启发,决定当一名科学家。
②Work hard and you will ______________ in the end.
努力工作,最终你会取得成功。
achieve the goal
成就感
of great achievement
achieve success
③He ________________ by peaceful means.
他通过和平手段达到了他的目的。
④Without you,I would never taste such _____________________ of challenging
myself.
没有你,我永远不会尝到挑战自我的成就感。
achieved his goal
a sense of achievement
7.They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system.
他们在英格兰建城堡,更改法律体系。
观察·悟
※My bike doesn’t work and I must have it repaired.
我的自行车坏了,必须得去修修。
※He has had his hair cut.
他(请人给他)理发了。
※I’d like to have my room painted blue.
我想把我的房间刷成蓝色。
生成·得
“have+sth.(宾语)+__________(宾语补足语)”意为“让/叫/使/请别人做某事”。宾
语sth.后面用过去分词作宾语补足语,说明______与__________表示的动作之间
是被动关系。
【知识延伸】
“have + sb.(宾语)+ do sth.(宾语补足语)”意为“让/叫/使某人做某事”。此结构中的
have 是使役动词,sb.作宾语,其后的 do sth.是省去 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足
语;“ have +sb./sth.(宾语)+ 现在分词(宾语补足语)”意为“叫/让/使某人一直做某事
或让某种情况发生”。宾语 sb./sth.后面用现在分词作宾语补足语,表示宾语与现
在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系,且动作正在进行。
过去分词
宾语
过去分词
内化·用 语法填空/完成句子
①Researchers have found out that some female sharks may have got themselves
_____ (lose) during the Ice Age.
②Mr Smith had his house ________(break) into while he was away on holiday.
③We must ______________________ to beautify our campus.
我们必须多种些树来美化我们的校园。
lost
broken
have more trees planted
【备选要点】
join...to... 把……和……连接或联结起来 同义connect...with...
观察·悟
※In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.(教材典句)
在16世纪,威尔士附近的国家与英格兰王国联合起来。
※He joined the tube to another to form a longer one.
他把这根管子和另一根接在一起,形成一根更长的管子。
※Through the policy of reforming and opening up, China has been joined to the outside world.
通过改革开放,中国与外界连在了一起。
※He joined the army three years ago.
他三年前参的军。
生成·得
内化·用 完成句子
①Let us _____________ protect the environment.
让我们携手共同保护环境。
②The two groups of walkers __________ for the rest of the holiday.
两组步行度假者会合一起度过剩下的假期。
③The two companies _______________________ to reduce costs.
两家公司合并以降低成本。
join hands to
joined up
joined up with each other
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.When he woke up,he found himself ___________ (surround) by some doctors.
2.My friend will help you move your ___________(belong) to your new house.
3.Many people were ________ at these _________ ________.(puzzle)
4.Now he as well as I ___(be) familiar with these guidelines.
5.We must take some _________ measures _________ our country against invasion.
(defence)
6.After the investigation, _________(evident) showed that what the young man had
said was true.
7.The basic design of the car is very similar ___ that of earlier models.
课堂学业达标
surrounded
belongings
puzzled
puzzling
puzzles
is
defensive
to defend
evidence
to
8.It was evident that the boy was __________ by her ___________ voice.(fascinate)
9.Being charged _____ giving away company secrets made Susan upset.
10.Thanks to their great efforts, we have made _____________ (achieve) in a number
of fields in the past years.
fascinated
fascinating
with
achievements
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.__________________________________ makes some animals have nowhere to live.
砍伐一片又一片的森林使得一些动物无处可住。
2.Will you get a free evening next week _____, let’s have a dinner together.
下周晚上你有空吗 如果有,我们一起吃顿饭吧。
3.Speaking of table manners, __________________ during the meal.
说到餐桌礼仪,吃饭时要小声说话。
4.______________________ they’re able to make it.
在他们看来, 他们显然能够成功。
Cutting down one forest after another
If so
keep your voice low
It’s evident to them that
5.____________________________,he went out to play.
所有的作业都做完了,他出去玩了。
With all his homework finished
本课结束(共30张PPT)
UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Period 5　Reading for Writing (Ⅱ)
写作培优课　
写作素养提升
善积累·获新知
教研热点聚焦
游记(Journal)
写作指导
　　游记是对旅行进行记录的一种文体,现在也多指记录游览经历的文章。游记分很多种类,有带议论色彩的,有带科学色彩的,有带抒彩的。
写作素养提升
框架构建
Introduction:make the reader eager to read
Body:①Transitions　②Details and examples
(结尾: 总—总结 )
Ending:Let the reader know that the passage ends. Help the reader remember your writing.
典题示例
去年暑假,你有机会参加一个去山东青岛的夏令营,为期两天。请你写一篇游记,介绍一下你在青岛的所见、所闻和所感。词数80左右。
Step 1　谋篇立意
体裁:游记 Tips
Day One
To go to the district where fishermen began the fishing industry
Day Two
the city and market
many interesting temples
restaurants and museums
时态:一般过去时
人称:第一人称
Step 2　语言支架
1.青岛是一个多样化的地方,也是令人惊讶的城市。
①多样化的地方　 _________________
②令人惊讶的城市　 _______________
2.凡是已经去过那里的人将永难忘记。
用定语从句翻译句子:
_______________________________________________
a land of diversity
an amazing city
Everyone who has ever been there will never forget it.
3.登上山顶鸟瞰整座城市。
①get a whole view of the city 　　______________
②用不定式作目的状语翻译句子:
___________________________________________________
4.这是渔民开创渔业的地方。
①__________　　　　　　　　 渔民
②__________________ 渔业
③用定语从句翻译句子:
_______________________________________________________
鸟瞰整座城市
To get a whole view of the city,we got to the top of the hill.
fishermen
the fishing industry
This is the district where fishermen began the fishing industry.
5.我们太累了,不想做任何其他事情。
课文原句仿写:
___________________________________________
6.我们看到了很多有趣的寺庙,很多市场,很多餐馆还有包含文档、照片的博物馆。
①_______　　 寺庙
②a number of/a great many _____
③补全句子:
We saw ______ interesting temples, ____________markets ______________________
restaurants and museums ___________ documents ________________.
Exhausted, we don’t feel like doing anything else.
temple
很多
many
a number of
as well as a great many
containing
and photographs
7.青岛是如此迷人的地方以至于我渴望再次来参观。
①such an attractive place that　　 ______________________
②渴望再次参观 __________________
③翻译句子:
_____________________________________________________________
如此迷人的地方以至于
long to visit it again
Qingdao is such an attractive place that I am longing to visit it again.
Step 3　润色成篇
Qingdao is a land of diversity and an amazing city.Everyone who has ever been there will never forget it.
To get a whole view of the city, we got to the top of the hill.It’s so spectacular. Down from the hill, we went to the district where fishermen began the fishing industry.Exhausted, we don’t feel like doing anything else.On the second day, we visited the city.We saw many interesting temples, a number of markets as well as a great many restaurants and museums containing documents and photographs.
Qingdao is such an attractive place that I am longing to visit it again.
◆话题词汇识记
常用游记词汇:
diversity 多元化　　　 amazing 令人惊奇的
view 景观 spectacular 壮观的
district 地区 cable car 缆车
exhausted 疲劳的 temples 寺庙
settle 定居 attractive 吸引人的
善积累·获新知
◆话题好句背诵
1.The world is a book, but people who do not travel read only one page.
世界是一本书,而不旅行的人只读了其中一页。
2.Travelling costs a lot of money, but it makes you understand the society.
旅行虽颇费钱财,却使你懂得社会。
3.Life is like a journey. What you should care about is not the destination, but the scenery on the way and your mood when you see the scenery.
人生就像一场旅行,你应该在乎的不是目的地,而是沿途的风景以及看风景时的心情。
4.If you don’t travel, you will miss more than scenery.
如果你不去旅行,你错过的不只是风景。
5.The Great Wall in Beijing is the place I want to visit most not only because of its long history but also because of its important historical position in Chinese culture.北京长城是我最想参观的地方,不仅是因为它的悠久历史,而且因为它在中国文化中重要的历史地位。
【写作点拨】
游记该怎么写
一、按游览的顺序写
　　我们在参观或游览一个地方时,是随着时间的推移、空间的转移而进行的,因此,我们必须以游览为线索,由先而后依次记述游览过程中所见到的景物,这样,读者才会对你游览的地方有一个清晰的、全面的印象。
二、写出景物的特点
　　大自然的景物各不相同,都有自身的特点,我们要认真回味游览时的所见所感,选取自己印象最深刻的或最有特色的景物进行具体的描写,并对重点部分进行生动细致的刻画。
运用联想,采用比喻、拟人等方法,将景物的特点写出来,使景物形象逼真,让读者宛如亲眼所见一般。
三、分清主次详略
　　我们在写游记时,面对繁多而又千姿百态的景点,美丽而又令人回味的山水,写什么好呢 这都必须根据文章的中心确定主次详略,把最具代表性的、最使自己激动、最令自己难忘的景物,当作主要内容,进行详细描述。如景物怎样美、怎样奇,你和游人怎样感叹,你凝望着什么,展开怎样的想象等;次要景物可略写或不写,这样重点就突出,游记也就生动了。
四、融入真情实感
　　在描写景物的过程中,要把自己的思想感情融进文章的字里行间,做到既有所见所闻,又有所思所感,这样可以丰富文章内涵,深化习作主题,使文章更具感染力。
宾语从句的九大考点
　　宾语从句是高考的一个热点,也是一个难点,近几年虽说出现的次数不多,但是不能掉以轻心。具体考点如下:
1.考查宾语从句的语序。
宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分”。特别强调:它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序,而不是疑问句的倒装结构。
Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see (×)
Can you tell me who(m) we have to see (√)
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在从句中的成分)
教研热点聚焦
(1)陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称的变化,语序不变。 例如:
She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.”
→She said she would leave a message on the desk.
(2)一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。例如:
“Where are the tickets ” I asked him.
→I asked him where the tickets were.
2.考查时态。宾语从句应同主句在谓语时态上保持一致。主句谓语是现在时,宾语从句的谓语可以是任意时态;主句谓语是过去时,宾语从句的谓语必须是过去的某种时态(宾语是客观真理时则无此限制)。
I thought (that) you are free today.(×)
I thought (that) you would be free today.(√)
【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时,不管主句谓语的时态如何,从句都用一般现在时。例如:
The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.
3.考查连接词的选用。
(1)连接词that,只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略。
He knew (that) he should work hard.
(2)连接词if,whether,起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”讲,在口语中多用if。
Tom didn’t know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.
He asked me whether I was coming or not.
一般情况下,if 和whether可以互换,但以下情况只能用whether:
①在介词后:She is thinking of whether she should give up.
②与or not连用:I don’t know whether he will accept our offer or not.
(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which,连接副词when, where, why, how,起连接作用,作句子成分,有自己的意义。
The teacher asked the new student which class he was in.
老师问新生他是哪个班级的。
I wonder where he got so much money.
我想知道他在哪里得到那么多钱。
4.考查介词后的宾语从句。宾语从句除了用在及物动词后,也可以用在介词后。
They are worrying about whether they can get there in time.
他们在担心他们是否能及时到达那里。
You can write about whatever topic you can think of.你可以写出你能想到的任何话题。
5.考查形容词后的宾语从句。某些像glad, happy, sorry, sure, delighted, pleased等形容词后面跟宾语从句。
Are you sure what you will do next
你确定接下来你要做什么吗
I’m afraid that he will fail in the exam.
我恐怕他考试会不及格。
6.考查不可以直接跟宾语从句的及物动词。
英语中like, love, hate, dislike, depend on, see to等动词或短语后面不允许直接带宾语从句,通常在这些动词后面加it, 然后带相应的句子。例如:You may depend on it that I shall always support you.
7.考查宾语从句的简化。由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句,若从句的主语与主句的主语或间接宾语一致时,可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
I don’t know what I should do with the presents.
→I don’t know what to do with the presents.
8.考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气。 在demand,order,suggest,insist,desire,request, command等表示要求、命令、建议等意义的动词后,宾语从句中常用“should+ 动词原形”,should可以省略。
The lady requested that she (should) be treated equally.该女子要求受到平等对待。
9.考查宾语从句的否定转移。当主句谓语动词为think, suppose, guess, believe, imagine, expect, consider等词,并且主语为第一人称时,时态是一般现在时,从句的否定词应转移到主句谓语动词上来。能够形成否定转移的句子,其反意疑问句的谓语和主语形式与从句一致。
I don’t think I know you. 我想我不认识你。
I don’t believe he will come.
我坚信他不会来。
本课结束(共32张PPT)
UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Period 3　Discovering Useful Structures语法精析课
语法精讲透析
课堂学业达标
素养目标
1.在语境中理解并总结过去分词作定语和宾语补足语的用法。
2.能够在语境中正确使用过去分词作定语和宾语补足语。
过去分词作定语、宾语补足语
【体验·悟】观察下面课文原句, 回答以下问题。
1.Most people just use the shortened name:“the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.
2.They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack.
3.They had castles built all around England.
语法精讲透析
【生成·得】
过去分词可以作______,位于______的前面或者后面;过去分词可以作____________,
位于______的后面。
定语
名词
宾语补足语
宾语
【研学·析】
一、过去分词(短语)作定语
1.过去分词作定语时的意义
通常及物动词的过去分词作定语强调被动、完成或只强调被动;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表示完成。
(1)表示被动和完成
a polluted river　一条被污染的河流
(2)只表示完成,不表示被动
fallen leaves　 落叶
2.过去分词作定语时的位置
单个的过去分词作定语时,通常放在被修饰词的前面;过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰词的后面,其作用相当于一个定语从句。
※ The student dressed in white is my daughter.
=The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.
穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。
【名师点津】 过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别:
(1)语态不同:现在分词表示主动;过去分词表示被动。
※The question discussed was very important.
被讨论的那个问题很重要。
※ The house standing at the corner of the street was built in 2016.
矗立在街道角落的那所房子是2016年建的。
(2)时间关系上不同:现在分词表示动作正在进行;过去分词表示动作已经完成。
3.过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别:
形式 语态 时态
done 被动 完成
being done 被动 进行
to be done 被动 尚未发生
※The building built last year is our classroom building.去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
※The building being built now is our classroom building.
现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
※The building to be built next month is our classroom building.
下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
【内化·用】用所给词的适当形式填空/同义句转换
①Even though it is still in summer,there are many _______(fall) leaves on the ground.
②The witnesses ___________(question) by the police just now gave very different
descriptions of the fight.
③The cars ___________(sell) at the market now are made in Guangzhou.
④Tsinghua University,_________ (found) in 1911,is home to a great number of
outstanding figures.
⑤There are still many problems ____________(solve) before we are ready for a long
stay on the Moon.
fallen
questioned
being sold
founded
to be solved
⑥He is a teacher loved by his students.
→_______________________________________
⑦Near the window is a bookshelf which is filled with books.
→____________________________________________
He is a teacher who is loved by his students.
Near the window is a bookshelf filled with books.
二、过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语
1.过去分词用在表状态的动词,如keep,leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。
※He got up late and hurried to his office,leaving the breakfast untouched.
他起晚了,没吃早饭就匆匆忙忙地去了他的办公室。
2.过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。
(1)“have/get+宾语+过去分词”可以表示两种含义:“让别人做某事”或“遭遇到某种不幸”。
※Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.在飞机起飞前一个小时克莱尔的行李进行了安检。
(2)在“make+宾语+过去分词”这种结构中,过去分词表示结果。
※They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.
他们用很简易的英语来设法使自己被理解。
3.感官动词,如see,hear,notice,observe,watch,feel等后,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
※When they saw the crops washed away by the flood,they decided to ask for help.
当他们看到庄稼被大水冲走后,他们决定求助。
4.表示“意愿;命令”的动词,如like,want,wish,expect,order等可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
※He ordered tall round towers constructed around the castle.他下令在城堡周围建造高大的圆塔。
5.过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
※John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work finished,he gladly accepted it.
约翰收到一份晚宴邀请函而且他的工作也做完了,他就欣然接受了邀请。
6.非谓语动词(短语)作宾语补足语的区别:
(1)感官动词(短语),如see,watch,observe,look at,notice,hear,listen to,feel等的宾语补足语主要有三种形式,试比较(以hear为例):
hear+宾语+
※ I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她的房间时,我听到她正在唱一首英文歌。(主动、正在进行)
※ I heard her sing an English song just now.
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动、完成)
※ To learn English well,we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.为了学好英语,我们应该找机会尽可能多地听别人说英语。(被动、无时间性)
(2)使役动词make,have,get,keep后加复合宾语的比较
make+宾语+
※ The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.这个令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。
※I made myself known to the hotel manager.
我向旅馆老板作了自我介绍。
have+宾语+
※ Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。
※ He had us laughing all through the meal.
整顿饭下来他让我们笑个不停。
※ My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.
上个月,我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。
get+宾语+
※He got me to post the letter for him.
他让我替他寄信。
※The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.
休息了片刻之后,上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。
※ I’ll get my cell phone repaired tomorrow.
我明天要(请人)修一下我的手机。
keep+宾语+
※ I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
对不起,让你久等了。
※ She kept her eyes shut and stayed where she was.她紧闭双眼,待在原地未动。
(3)with复合结构中宾语补足语的比较
with+
※ With a great weight taken off her mind,she passed all the tests successfully.由于放下了极大的思想包袱,她成功地通过了所有考试。
【内化·用】用所给词的适当形式填空
①Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,Dr.Lee was very happy to see his
mother _______(take) good care of at home.
②Mr Li raised his voice to make himself _______(hear)in the noisy meeting room.
③Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues _________
(amuse) with her stories.
④With the problem _______(solve),the quality has been improved.
⑤The boss wouldn’t like the topic __________(discuss) at the meeting.
⑥He walked into the room quietly in order not to make himself ________(notice).
taken
heard
amused
solved
discussed
noticed
常温故 勤总结
过去分词的用法
1.过去分词作定语,修饰名词,表示被动、完成或者该名词的状态。
2.作定语时,过去分词如果单用,一般放在名词的前面,如果是分词短语,一般放在名词的后面。
3.及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语,与宾语构成被动关系,表示被动或者完成;不及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语,多表状态。
4.后跟过去分词作宾语补足语的动词多为表示“使、让”等意义的使役动词或者表示“听到、看到”等意义的感官动词。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.You should understand the traffic rule by now;you’ve had it __________(explain)
often enough.
2.The speaker raised his voice, but he still couldn’t make himself _______(hear).
3.What’s the specially ________(cook) food in Jinan
4.I’m going to have my radio ______(fix).
5.Most of the people ________(invite) to the party were famous scientists.
课堂学业达标
explained
heard
cooked
fixed
invited
6.Weifang Kite Festival,first ______(hold) in the 1980s,attracts an increasing number
of visitors.
7.He had his hat _______(blow) away on his way home.
8.We thought the game _____(lose) and felt sad.
held
blown
lost
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.The young lady was quite annoyed to ___________________________.
这位年轻女士发现她珍贵的项链丢了,很恼火。
2.He passed away,leaving ___________________.
他去世了, 留下他还未完成的著作。
3.Don’t _____________________when I ask you a question.
当我问你问题时不要闭口不语。
find her valuable necklace lost
his works unfinished
keep your mouth shut
4.Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to _______________________
__________ in a short period.
珍妮希望史密斯老师会建议一个好的方法使她的英语书面语在短期内得到提升。
5.When we ____________________with snow,we decided to spend the holiday at
home.
当我们看到道路被雪封住后, 我们决定在家过假期。
6. _________________________, he wants to keep his family company.
问题解决后,他想要陪伴家人。
have her written English
improved
saw the road blocked
With problems worked out
Ⅲ.语法填空
Most people nowadays are so busy with their lives that they do not have time to
enjoy a healthy and 1._________ (balance) diet.For most people, as 2.___ result of eating
foods rich in fat and sugar for several years, they choose 3.______(go) on a diet but do
not succeed in the end.Be sure to be with a strong awareness(意识) that you are
4.______ you eat! Therefore, keeping a healthy diet not only 5._________ (provide) your
body with energy but also numerous health benefits.One is that you will keep a
healthy weight and it is also the easiest and most beneficial way in which you can be
6._________ (energy) and protect yourself 7.______ a number of diseases when
balanced
a
to go
what
provides
energetic
from
8. ________ (grow)old.Another benefit is that you will meet your everyday nutritional
needs.9. _________ (basic) speaking, you should ensure that you take a lot of
vegetables, grains, milk and proteins.In most cases, a healthy diet can help you
decrease the risk of 10. _______ (get) some diseases like diabetes and cancer.
growing
Basically
getting
本课结束UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Period 1　Reading and Thinking (Ⅰ)语篇研读课
素养目标
1.通过文章标题和图片,猜测文章的主旨大意。
2.通过看地图并结合文字内容直观地了解英国的组成部分。
3.通过了解英国名字的由来,理解其背后的历史文化意义并且学会尊重外国文化。
自主素养储备
Ⅰ.阅读词汇
1.descendant n.后裔;后代;子孙
2.philosophy n.哲学
3.individual n.个人
adj.单独的,个别的
4.Achilles’ heel 致命的弱点
5.puzzle n.谜;智力游戏;疑问
6.currency n.通货;货币
7.conquer n.占领;征服;控制
8.fascinating adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的
Ⅱ.核心词汇
1.kingdom n.王国;领域
2.chief adj.最重要的,最高级别的
n.首领;酋长
3.nearby adj.附近的;邻近的 adv.在附近
4.military adj.军事的;军用的
5.defence n.防御;保卫
6.legal adj.法律的;合法的
7.surround vt.围绕;包围
8.evidence n.证据;证明
9.achievement n.成就;成绩;达到
10.location n.地方;地点;位置
Ⅲ.拓展词汇
1.belong vi.应在(某处);适应→ belongings n.(pl)所有物;财产;财物
2.defence n.防御;保卫→ defend vt.保卫;保护;为……辩护
3.surround vt.围绕;包围→ surroundings n.(pl) 环境
Ⅳ.重点短语
1.join...to... 把……和……连接或联接起来
2.break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离;背叛;逃脱
3.belong to 属于
4.as well as 同(一样也);和;还
5.keep your eyes open (for) 留心;留意
6.refer to 查阅;提及;指代
7.result in 导致;产生
8.take over 接管;接手
探究素养提能
Step 1　Pre-reading
Look at the pictures and write down the names of the four countries.
Step 2　While-reading
Ⅰ.Answer the following questions.
1.What’s in the name “the UK”
The UK, the United Kingdom,is the shortened name of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
2.What does the passage mainly talk about
The main idea of the passage is the history about the United Kingdom.
Ⅱ.Fill in the form below.
Groups of people When they arrived What they did
the Romans 1st century building 1.towns and roads
2.Anglo- Saxons 5th century starting 3.English;changing the way of building houses
the Vikings 8th century leaving behind new 4.vocabulary and naming locations
5.the Normans 11th century building castles; changing 6.the legal system
Ⅲ. Choose the best answer.
1.What can help us find out the difference between some different names of the UK
A.British languages.
B.British history.
C.British location.
D.British education.
2.What is different for the four countries of the UK
A.The flag.
B.The currency.
C.The military defence.
D.The education system.
3.Which of the following is the achievement of the Normans
A.Building towns and roads.
B.Changing the way of building houses.
C.Leaving behind lots of new vocabulary.
D.Changing the legal system.
4.What’s the author’s attitude towards studying the history
A.Neutral. B.Indifferent.
C.Supportive. D.Doubtful.
答案:1~4.BDDC
Ⅳ.Answer the following questions.
1.According to the text, what are two chief advantages of studying the history of a country
①Helping you understand much more about the country and its traditions.
②Making your visit much more enjoyable.
2.Which one of the four countries was the first one to be joined together
Wales.
Sentence Explanation
1.The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore,which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions.
分析:不定式短语to explore作后置定语修饰history; which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰history。
句意:英国历史源远流长,别有趣味,等待你去探索,帮助你更加深入地了解这一国家及其传统。
2.Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
分析:本句是复合句。句中everywhere引导地点状语从句;who引导定语从句,修饰先行词people,且在从句中作主语。
句意:英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方,这些民族的痕迹都随处可见。
3.The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.
分析:本句是复合句。句中as引导原因状语从句;that引导定语从句修饰先行词port city,且在从句中作主语。dating all the way back to Roman times为动词-ing形式作定语。
句意:以首都伦敦为第一站,是个不错的选择。因为伦敦是一个古老的港口城市,其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。
4.If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
分析:本句是复合句。句中if引导条件状语从句;that引导宾语从句。
句意:用心去观察,英国的过去与现在都将展示在你面前,令你叹为观止。
Step 3　Post-reading
　　According to British history, Wales was the first country to be joined 1.to the Kingdom of England,which happened in the 16th century.Later,Scotland and the Kingdom of Ireland 2.were added(add) to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.In the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland 3.broke(break) away from the UK,4.which resulted in the full name we have today:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,whose 5.shortened(shorten) name is “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.The four countries of the UK use 6.the same flag as well as the same currency and military defence.However,they also have some 7.differences(different),like different education systems and legal systems.The UK’s long and interesting history can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions.Studying the history of the UK will make your visit much more 8.enjoyable(enjoy).The capital city London is a great place 9.to start(start),as it is an ancient port city that has a history 10.dating(date) all the way back to Roman times.There are countless historic sites to explore,and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK.
主题情境思考
Complete the following conversation.
A:How much do you know about “the UK”
B:Well, it is the shortened name of 1.the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.It consists of four countries:2.Scotland,Northern Ireland,England and Wales.
A:What are the four groups of people throughout its history
B:They are the Romans,3.Anglo-Saxons,the Vikings and the 4.Normans.
A:Who made changes to the legal system
B:The 5. Normans.
A: Who came in the eighth century and what did they do
B: The 6.Vikings.They left behind much new 7.vocabulary and also the names of many 8. locations.
A: Wow! It’s really interesting to learn something about the history!
课堂学业达标
　　In the US, people prefer waiting for a table to sitting with people they don’t know.This means a hostess may not seat a small group until a small table is available, even if a large one is.If you are sitting at a table with people you don’t know, it is impolite to light up a cigarette without asking if it will disturb them.
　　At American restaurants and coffee shops you are usually served tap water before you order.You may find the bread and butter is free, and if you order coffee, you may get a free refill.
　　Most cities and towns have no rules about opening and closing time for stores or restaurants, though they usually do make rules for bars.Especially in large cities, stores may be open 24 hours a day.
　　Serving in restaurants is often large, too large for many people.If you can’t finish your meal but would like to enjoy the food later, ask your waitress or waiter for a “doggie bag”.It may have a picture of a dog on it, but everybody knows you’re taking the food for yourself.
　　Supper and dinner are both words for the evening meal.Some people have “Sunday dinner”.This is an especially big noon meal.
　　Tips are not usually added to the check.They are not included in the price of the meal, either.A tip of about 15% is expected and you should leave it on the table when you leave.In some restaurants, a check is brought on a plate and you put your money there.Then the waiter or waitress brings you your change.
Ⅰ.Read the passage and try to grasp the main idea.
It mainly tells us some customs of Americans when they have dinners outside.
Ⅱ.Choose the best answer according to the passage.
1.Which statement is TRUE
A.American people like sitting with people they don’t know.
B.A hostess always seats a small group at a large table.
C.American people never sit with people they don’t know.
D.American people would not light a cigarette if the people who sit at the same table mind their smoking.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第三句If you are sitting at a table with people you don’t know, it is impolite to light up a cigarette without asking if it will disturb them.可知,如果坐在同一张桌子上的人介意吸烟,美国人是不会吸烟的。故选D。
2.What do American people always do when servings are too large for them
A.They take the food home with a doggie bag for their dogs.
B.They leave the food on the table and go away.
C.They take the food home with a doggie bag and enjoy the food later.
D.They ask the waitress or waiter to keep the food for them.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段第二句If you can’t finish your meal but would like to enjoy the food later, ask your waitress or waiter for a “doggie bag”.可知当份量太大吃不完的时候,美国人通常会要一个打包袋把食物带回家。故选C。
3.What can you learn about “tips” according to the passage
A.Customers often add tips to their check.
B.Tips are supposed to be left on the table when customers leave.
C.People don’t need to pay tips.
D.The price of the meal usually includes the tip.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句A tip of about 15% is expected and you should leave it on the table when you leave.可知,顾客离开时,小费应该留在桌上。故选B。(共21张PPT)
UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
背景素材链接
话题美文阅读
话题听说汇
　　历史和传统是《普通高中英语课程标准》中规定的话题之一,是培养学生英语学科核心素养的一个重要维度,该话题属于人与社会的主题。
背景素材链接
A Brief Introduction of the UK
Location and constitution
　　The UK, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, was created by the Act of Union of 1800 and constitutes the greater part of the British Isles, a group of islands lying off the northwest coast of Europe.The largest of the islands is Great Britain, which comprises England, Wales and Scotland.Next largest is Ireland, comprising Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom, and, in the south, the Republic of Ireland.
Culture
　　Culture in the United Kingdom is rich and diverse, with a strong tradition of literature, theatre, popular and orchestral music and the performing arts.These, together with collections in UK museums and galleries, act as a magnet for overseas visitors and make a substantial contribution to the economy.
Capital
　　London is the capital of the UK.The city of London is the center of economy, politics and culture.Here, you can appreciate the beauty of the Thames and enjoy Big Ben’s majesty.
Diet
　　Diet in Britain is usually simple, but they pay attention to nutrition.Only on the weekends, the British people will be rich on the table.Usually the main course is meat, such as grilled chicken, roast beef, fish and so on.After the main course, there will always be delicious sweets, such as fruit pudding, cheese, ice cream and so on.
History
　　The UK also has a long history, from the earliest civilizations to Roman times, and then through the medieval period, the industrial revolution, the colonial expansion, and the world war, all the way until today.
英国简介
位置和构成
　　英国,大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国,由《1800英国合并法》授名。它包括不列颠群岛的绝大部分,位于欧洲的西北海岸。其中最大的岛屿称为大不列颠,包括英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰。面积第二大的岛屿是爱尔兰岛,包括属于联合王国的北爱尔兰和南部的爱尔兰共和国。
文化
　　英国的文化丰富多样,包括历史深厚的文学、戏剧、流行音乐、管弦乐及表演艺术。所有这些以及博物馆和陈列馆内的收藏吸引着络绎不绝的海外游客们,同时为经济的发展做出了重大贡献。
首都
　　英国的首都是伦敦。伦敦是经济、政治和文化的中心。在这里,你可以感悟泰晤士河的美,欣赏大本钟的雄伟壮观。
饮食
　　英国的饮食通常很简单,但是他们很注重营养。只有在周末,英国人才会进行饕餮大餐。主食通常是肉,比如烤鸡、烤牛肉、鱼等。主食过后,总会有美味的甜点,例如水果布丁、奶酪、冰激凌等。
历史
　　英国拥有悠久的历史,从早期文明到罗马时代,然后经过中世纪,工业革命,到殖民地扩张,世界大战,一路走到现在。
话题词汇
comprise /k m praIz/ vt.包括;由……构成
素养风向标
语言能力　　通过主题语境,学习并掌握本单元重点词汇以及关于历史及传统的词汇。
　掌握动词与形容词、动词与名词之间的转化并在具体情境中运用规律,正确猜测词义。
学习能力　　平时能够注意积累英语习语;在听的过程中,能够通过上下文推测英语习语的含义。
　在阅读中,能够从地图中获取相关的地理文化信息,以提高读图的能力。
文化意识　　通过语篇学习,了解英国及其他国家或地方的历史及传统习俗,学会吸取其文化精华。
　结合语篇内容,对比不同文化,增强中华民族文化自信心及自豪感。
思维品质　　能够结合自己的生活和学习需要及相关历史文化知识等,观察和分析语言和文化现象,了解相关国家悠久历史和特色传统的文化内涵和现实意义,思考历史与现实的辩证关系。
主题语境:人与自然——主要国家地理概况
New Yinxu Museum Showcases Shang Dynasty Artifacts
　　A new building of the Yinxu Museum in Anyang County, central China’s Henan Province, officially opened to the public on February 26,2024.The expanded Yinxu Museum is the first national major archaeological museum to comprehensively present the Shang civilization.
　　The square, bronze-colored building exuded a commanding presence under the sunlight, while inside, 3,000 artifacts were displayed to the public for the first time, offering visitors a feast for the eyes.The Yinxu Ruins and oracle bones(甲骨文) have undoubtedly become the calling card of Anyang in Central China’s Henan Province.
话题美文阅读
　　Despite the opening falling on a Monday, visitors flocked in from all directions.Among them were proud locals from Anyang, marveling at the greatness of Shang Dynasty civilization on their native soil.There were also visitors from other parts of China, feeling proud of the cultural heritage.
【话题词汇】
1.major adj.重要的,大的
2.undoubtedly adv.无疑,毋庸置疑地
3.flock v.聚集,蜂拥
Ⅰ.看图选词
Temple of Confucius, Kong Family Mansion, Cemetery of Confucius,Confucius
1. 2.
__________ ____________________
3. 4.
_____________________ _____________________
话题听说汇
Confucius
Temple of Confucius
Kong Family Mansion
Cemetery of Confucius
Ⅱ.读词辨音
1.Confucius /__/ 2.class /___/
3.philosopher /__/ 4.phone /____/
5.whether /__/ 6.before /__/
7.place /___/　 8.cat /___/
9.these /___/　 10.think /___/

k


e
I
eI


θ
Ⅲ.根据提示完成下面的情境对话,并分组练习
Adam打算到山东旅游,不知道去哪些地方玩,他的中国朋友Jim正在给他提出建
议。
Adam:I have been 1.___________(一直渴望) a visit to Shandong.
Jim:Welcome.I’m sure you’ll enjoy your staying here.
Adam:Well, can you introduce some places to me I really don’t know anything
about this province.
Jim:Sure.First, Jinan,the capital city of Shandong Province is 2.___________
________(很值得参观).It is 3.___________(因……而出名) its spring.Baotu Spring
and Daming Lake are both well-known.
longing for
well worth
visiting
famous for
Adam:Any other places
Jim:Well, there are many beautiful 4.____________(沿海城市),where you can enjoy
the sea and the sand.Maybe you can have a sun-bath as well.
Adam:Sounds interesting.
Jim:There are also many 5.________________(名胜).You can visit Qufu in search
of Confucius and find the great deeds of Li Qingzhao in Jinan.
Adam:Wonderful.I can’t wait to set out right away!
coastal cities
places of interest
Ⅳ.读音写词
1./k n fju s/__________ 2./hi l/_____
3./ m n n/_________ 4./ p zl/_______
5./ IndI vId l/__________ 6./t i f/______
7./ nI baI/________ 8./bI l /_______
9./ k r nsi/_________ 10./ p It/ _____
Confucius
heel
mansion
puzzle
individual
chief
nearby
belong
currency
poet
纠音点拨
英语中的连读
1.在连贯地说话或朗读时,在同一个意群(即短语或从句)中,如果相邻的两个词前者以辅音音素结尾,后者以元音音素开头,就要自然地将辅音和元音相拼,构成一个音节,这就是连读。
2.连读时的音节一般不重读,只需顺其自然地一带而过,不可以加音,也不可以读得太重。
3.连读只发生在句子中的同一个意群中。在两个意群之间,即使辅音和元音相连,也不可以连读。
本课结束UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Period 2　Reading and Thinking (Ⅱ)要点内化课　
素养目标
1.掌握一些有用的单词和短语:nearby、defence、legal、surround、belong to、as well as等。
2.根据文章语境,理解并正确使用新词、短语、句型。
自主素养储备
Ⅰ.根据语境及首字母提示填写单词
1.Last of all,the chief editor read the article and approved it.
2.It’s clear that the rain forest is an animal kingdom.
3.In history, those foreign settlers conquered the rich city.
4.As the youngest girl in the family,she is surrounded by love and kindness.
5.We interviewed each individual member of the community.
6.The best philosophy is to change your food habits to a low-sugar diet.
7.Thanks to his research,the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.
8.The police,as well as some related people,have been trying to find the exact location of the missing antique.
9.It was a great achievement that a month later a global agreement was reached.
10.Is there life on Mars It is still a puzzle to us.
词汇微空间 动词+后缀-ment →名词
achieve v.获得;实现→ achievement n.成就 excite v.使兴奋→excitement n.兴奋 entertain v.招待→entertainment n.娱乐 enjoy v.欣赏→enjoyment n.乐趣 pave v.铺路→ pavement n.人行道
Ⅱ.根据语境填入适当的介词或副词
1.In defence of our nation,many soldiers lost their lives.
2.The young man was charged with organizing an illegal demonstration.
3.The famous star broke away from the club and joined a new one.
4.The main land is joined to the three places by the new bridge.
5.Please tell me the difference between these names.
6. Even if they look different, in fact, these men and women belong to the same family.
7.His laziness resulted in his failure in all the fields.
8.The dictionary can be referred to if you meet some new words.
9. The young lady, known as a famous singer, came to their community.
10.The boss had announced the good news to us before we went home after work.
知识素养积淀
1.break away (from sb./sth.)脱离;背叛;逃脱
观察·悟
※Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK.(教材典句)
最后,在二十世纪,爱尔兰南部从联合王国脱离了出去。
※An early-warning system can’t bring the broken-down ecosystem back to normal.早期的警报系统不能把遭到破坏的生态系统恢复正常。
※The war broke out in 1939.
战争爆发于1939年。
※Their marriage has broken up.
他们的婚姻已经破裂。
※We had our car broken into last week.
我们的车上周被撬了。
生成·得
①break down 坏掉;失败
②break out 爆发,突然开始
③break up 破碎;结束;解散
④break into 强行闯入;撬开
【知识延伸】 表示“闯入”的短语
短语“闯入”有两个:一个是break into,该短语为及物动词短语,另一个是break in,该短语为不及物动词短语。
内化·用 用含有break的短语填空
①Burglars had broken in while we were away.
②The people of the province wished to break away and form a new state.
③Fire broke out during the night.
2.belong vi.应在(某处);适应 派生belongings n.财产
观察·悟
※The students feel that they belong to a particular group.学生们感觉他们属于一个特别的团队。
※(读后续写之心理描写)It’s at that moment that they experienced a sense of belonging.
恰在此刻,他们体会到了归属感。
※Where do these plates belong
这些盘子该放在哪里
※(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
如果你打算在一个健身房锻炼,你寻找的健身同伴必须属于同一个健身房。
生成·得
①a sense of belonging 归属感
②belong to 属于,归……所有
内化·用 语法填空/完成句子
①When you are travelling outside, you should watch over for your belongings(belong).
②(应用文之推荐信)Today I’d like to introduce a book to you, which belongs(belong) to history books.
③Here in the company, you can feel a sense of belonging.
在这个公司,你可以感受到一种归属感。
3.as well as 同(一样也);和;还
观察·悟
※(读后续写之心理描写)After they have gone through so many difficulties, they’re aware that they’re still connected by kindness and friendship as well as warm heart.当他们经历了如此多的困难后,他们意识到他们仍是由友善、友谊及热心维系在一起。
※Tom as well as his classmates likes football.
汤姆和他的同学都喜欢足球。
※He sent me a letter and some money as well.
他寄给我一封信,外加一些钱。
生成·得
as well as 和as well 都有“还,和” 之意,但是前者为连词,连接两个并列成分,后者为副词,其后不跟成分。此外,前者并列两个成分作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于它前面的成分。同样用法的表达还有“with”和“together with”。
内化·用 语法填空/句型转换
①Amy, as well as her brothers,was given(give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
②As we all know,travelling is of great benefit to our body as well as our mind.
③Tomas and his parents like travelling.
→Tomas as well as his parents likes travelling.
4.surround vt.围绕;包围 派生surrounding adj. 周围的;附近的　surroundings n.环境
观察·悟
※(应用文之介绍信)Surrounded by hills and waters, the island attracts many visitors each year.该岛山水环绕,每年吸引了众多游客。
※The lake is surrounded with trees.
树木环绕着湖。
※They’ve surrounded the building with police.
他们派警察包围了那栋房子。
※The huts blend in perfectly with their surroundings.
这些棚屋与周围的环境浑然一体,非常和谐。
生成·得
①surround A with B 用B包围A
②be surrounded by/with... 被……包围着
内化·用 语法填空/句型转换
①Surrounded by trees and flowers,the surroundings of the cottage are quite beautiful.(surround)
②The surrounding (surround) villages have been absorbed by the growing city.
③I need to work in pleasant surroundings (surround).
④As the young actor was surrounded by many fans,he was very nervous. (用过去分词短语作状语改写)
→Surrounded by many fans, the young actor was very nervous.
5.evidence n.证据;证明 派生 evident adj.明显的 evidently adv. 显然;明显地
观察·悟
※There’s clear evidence that their teachers take measures to improve their study.有明显的证据表明他们的老师采取了措施提高其学业。
※(读后续写之人物描写)She walked slowly down the road, evidently in pain.
她沿路慢慢地走着,显然很痛苦。
※It is evident that we should take measures to protect the earth.
很明显,我们应该采取措施保护地球。
生成·得
①There is evidence that... 证据表明……
②It’s evident that... 很明显……
【巧学助记】巧记evidence及其派生词
Evidently, they have offered evidence that they told the truth.显然,他们给出证据表明他们讲了实话。
【知识延伸】
“there is evidence that”该结构中的that 从句为名词性从句中的同位语从句,解释说明“证据”的内容,此时的连接词“that”不能省略。
内化·用 语法填空/一句多译
①Now we have the most direct evidence (evident) that he is right.
②Evidently (evident),in competitive society there are both losers and winners.
③显然这项政策是很成功的。
→It was evident that the policy was a great success. (复合句)
→Evidently,the policy was a great success. (简单句)
6.achievement n.成就;成绩;达到 派生 achieve v.完成;达到目的
观察·悟
※(读后续写之心理描写)David felt a sense of achievement welling up in his heart.
大卫感到一种成就感涌上心头。
※As long as we don’t give up hope and make every effort to overcome all the difficulties, we will surely achieve our goal finally.
只要我们不放弃希望,尽一切努力克服所有困难,我们最终一定会实现我们的目标。
※Every great achievement is the result of a heart on fire.
每一个伟大的成就都是内心熊熊燃烧的结果。
※(应用文之建议信)Stick to working hard and you’ll make great achievements.
坚持努力工作,你将会有很大成就。
生成·得
①achieve the goal 实现目标
②a sense of achievement 成就感
与“achievement”有关的常用表达还有:“women of great achievement” (取得巨大成就的女性);“achieve success”(取得成功)。
内化·用 完成句子
①She was inspired by women of great achievement and decided to be a scientist.
她受到取得巨大成就的女性的启发,决定当一名科学家。
②Work hard and you will achieve success in the end.
努力工作,最终你会取得成功。
③He achieved his goal by peaceful means.
他通过和平手段达到了他的目的。
④Without you,I would never taste such a sense of achievement of challenging myself.
没有你,我永远不会尝到挑战自我的成就感。
7.They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system.
他们在英格兰建城堡,更改法律体系。
观察·悟
※My bike doesn’t work and I must have it repaired.
我的自行车坏了,必须得去修修。
※He has had his hair cut.
他(请人给他)理发了。
※I’d like to have my room painted blue.
我想把我的房间刷成蓝色。
生成·得
“have+sth.(宾语)+过去分词(宾语补足语)”意为“让/叫/使/请别人做某事”。宾语sth.后面用过去分词作宾语补足语,说明宾语与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。
【知识延伸】
“have + sb.(宾语)+ do sth.(宾语补足语)”意为“让/叫/使某人做某事”。此结构中的 have 是使役动词,sb.作宾语,其后的 do sth.是省去 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语;“ have +sb./sth.(宾语)+ 现在分词(宾语补足语)”意为“叫/让/使某人一直做某事或让某种情况发生”。宾语 sb./sth.后面用现在分词作宾语补足语,表示宾语与现在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系,且动作正在进行。
内化·用 语法填空/完成句子
①Researchers have found out that some female sharks may have got themselves lost (lose) during the Ice Age.
②Mr Smith had his house broken(break) into while he was away on holiday.
③We must have more trees planted to beautify our campus.
我们必须多种些树来美化我们的校园。
【备选要点】
join...to... 把……和……连接或联结起来 同义connect...with...
观察·悟
※In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.(教材典句)
在16世纪,威尔士附近的国家与英格兰王国联合起来。
※He joined the tube to another to form a longer one.
他把这根管子和另一根接在一起,形成一根更长的管子。
※Through the policy of reforming and opening up, China has been joined to the outside world.
通过改革开放,中国与外界连在了一起。
※He joined the army three years ago.
他三年前参的军。
生成·得
内化·用 完成句子
①Let us join hands to protect the environment.
让我们携手共同保护环境。
②The two groups of walkers joined up for the rest of the holiday.
两组步行度假者会合一起度过剩下的假期。
③The two companies joined up with each other to reduce costs.
两家公司合并以降低成本。
课堂学业达标
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.When he woke up,he found himself surrounded (surround) by some doctors.
2.My friend will help you move your belongings(belong) to your new house.
3.Many people were puzzled at these puzzling puzzles.(puzzle)
4.Now he as well as I is(be) familiar with these guidelines.
5.We must take some defensive measures to defend our country against invasion.(defence)
6.After the investigation, evidence(evident) showed that what the young man had said was true.
7.The basic design of the car is very similar to that of earlier models.
8.It was evident that the boy was fascinated by her fascinating voice.(fascinate)
9.Being charged with giving away company secrets made Susan upset.
10.Thanks to their great efforts, we have made achievements (achieve) in a number of fields in the past years.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.Cutting down one forest after another makes some animals have nowhere to live.
砍伐一片又一片的森林使得一些动物无处可住。
2.Will you get a free evening next week If so, let’s have a dinner together.
下周晚上你有空吗 如果有,我们一起吃顿饭吧。
3.Speaking of table manners, keep your voice low during the meal.
说到餐桌礼仪,吃饭时要小声说话。
4.It’s evident to them that they’re able to make it.
在他们看来, 他们显然能够成功。
5.With all his homework finished,he went out to play.
所有的作业都做完了,他出去玩了。UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Period 3　Discovering Useful Structures语法精析课
素养目标
1.在语境中理解并总结过去分词作定语和宾语补足语的用法。
2.能够在语境中正确使用过去分词作定语和宾语补足语。
语法精讲透析
过去分词作定语、宾语补足语
【体验·悟】观察下面课文原句, 回答以下问题。
1.Most people just use the shortened name:“the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.
2.They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack.
3.They had castles built all around England.
【生成·得】
过去分词可以作定语,位于名词的前面或者后面;过去分词可以作宾语补足语,位于宾语的后面。
【研学·析】
一、过去分词(短语)作定语
1.过去分词作定语时的意义
通常及物动词的过去分词作定语强调被动、完成或只强调被动;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表示完成。
(1)表示被动和完成
a polluted river　一条被污染的河流
(2)只表示完成,不表示被动
fallen leaves　落叶
2.过去分词作定语时的位置
单个的过去分词作定语时,通常放在被修饰词的前面;过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰词的后面,其作用相当于一个定语从句。
※ The student dressed in white is my daughter.
=The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.
穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。
【名师点津】 过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别:
(1)语态不同:现在分词表示主动;过去分词表示被动。
※The question discussed was very important.
被讨论的那个问题很重要。
※ The house standing at the corner of the street was built in 2016.
矗立在街道角落的那所房子是2016年建的。
(2)时间关系上不同:现在分词表示动作正在进行;过去分词表示动作已经完成。
3.过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别:
形式 语态 时态
done 被动 完成
being done 被动 进行
to be done 被动 尚未发生
※The building built last year is our classroom building.去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
※The building being built now is our classroom building.
现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
※The building to be built next month is our classroom building.
下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
【内化·用】用所给词的适当形式填空/同义句转换
①Even though it is still in summer,there are many fallen (fall) leaves on the ground.
②The witnesses questioned (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
③The cars being sold (sell) at the market now are made in Guangzhou.
④Tsinghua University,founded (found) in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
⑤There are still many problems to be solved (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
⑥He is a teacher loved by his students.
→He is a teacher who is loved by his students.
⑦Near the window is a bookshelf which is filled with books.
→Near the window is a bookshelf filled with books.
二、过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语
1.过去分词用在表状态的动词,如keep,leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。
※He got up late and hurried to his office,leaving the breakfast untouched.
他起晚了,没吃早饭就匆匆忙忙地去了他的办公室。
2.过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。
(1)“have/get+宾语+过去分词”可以表示两种含义:“让别人做某事”或“遭遇到某种不幸”。
※Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.在飞机起飞前一个小时克莱尔的行李进行了安检。
(2)在“make+宾语+过去分词”这种结构中,过去分词表示结果。
※They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.
他们用很简易的英语来设法使自己被理解。
3.感官动词,如see,hear,notice,observe,watch,feel等后,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
※When they saw the crops washed away by the flood,they decided to ask for help.
当他们看到庄稼被大水冲走后,他们决定求助。
4.表示“意愿;命令”的动词,如like,want,wish,expect,order等可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
※He ordered tall round towers constructed around the castle.他下令在城堡周围建造高大的圆塔。
5.过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
※John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work finished,he gladly accepted it.
约翰收到一份晚宴邀请函而且他的工作也做完了,他就欣然接受了邀请。
6.非谓语动词(短语)作宾语补足语的区别:
(1)感官动词(短语),如see,watch,observe,look at,notice,hear,listen to,feel等的宾语补足语主要有三种形式,试比较(以hear为例):
hear+宾语+
※ I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她的房间时,我听到她正在唱一首英文歌。(主动、正在进行)
※ I heard her sing an English song just now.
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动、完成)
※ To learn English well,we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.为了学好英语,我们应该找机会尽可能多地听别人说英语。(被动、无时间性)
(2)使役动词make,have,get,keep后加复合宾语的比较
make+宾语+
※ The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.这个令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。
※I made myself known to the hotel manager.
我向旅馆老板作了自我介绍。
have+宾语+
※ Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。
※ He had us laughing all through the meal.
整顿饭下来他让我们笑个不停。
※ My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.
上个月,我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。
get+宾语+
※He got me to post the letter for him.
他让我替他寄信。
※The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.
休息了片刻之后,上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。
※ I’ll get my cell phone repaired tomorrow.
我明天要(请人)修一下我的手机。
keep+宾语+
※ I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
对不起,让你久等了。
※ She kept her eyes shut and stayed where she was.她紧闭双眼,待在原地未动。
(3)with复合结构中宾语补足语的比较
with+
※ With a great weight taken off her mind,she passed all the tests successfully.由于放下了极大的思想包袱,她成功地通过了所有考试。
【内化·用】用所给词的适当形式填空
①Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother taken (take) good care of at home.
②Mr Li raised his voice to make himself heard (hear)in the noisy meeting room.
③Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues amused (amuse) with her stories.
④With the problem solved (solve),the quality has been improved.
⑤The boss wouldn’t like the topic discussed (discuss) at the meeting.
⑥He walked into the room quietly in order not to make himself noticed (notice).
常温故 勤总结
过去分词的用法
1.过去分词作定语,修饰名词,表示被动、完成或者该名词的状态。
2.作定语时,过去分词如果单用,一般放在名词的前面,如果是分词短语,一般放在名词的后面。
3.及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语,与宾语构成被动关系,表示被动或者完成;不及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语,多表状态。
4.后跟过去分词作宾语补足语的动词多为表示“使、让”等意义的使役动词或者表示“听到、看到”等意义的感官动词。
课堂学业达标
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.You should understand the traffic rule by now;you’ve had it explained(explain) often enough.
2.The speaker raised his voice, but he still couldn’t make himself heard(hear).
3.What’s the specially cooked(cook) food in Jinan
4.I’m going to have my radio fixed(fix).
5.Most of the people invited(invite) to the party were famous scientists.
6.Weifang Kite Festival,first held(hold) in the 1980s,attracts an increasing number of visitors.
7.He had his hat blown(blow) away on his way home.
8.We thought the game lost(lose) and felt sad.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.The young lady was quite annoyed to find her valuable necklace lost.
这位年轻女士发现她珍贵的项链丢了,很恼火。
2.He passed away,leaving his works unfinished.
他去世了, 留下他还未完成的著作。
3.Don’t keep your mouth shut when I ask you a question.
当我问你问题时不要闭口不语。
4.Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period.
珍妮希望史密斯老师会建议一个好的方法使她的英语书面语在短期内得到提升。
5.When we saw the road blocked with snow,we decided to spend the holiday at home.
当我们看到道路被雪封住后, 我们决定在家过假期。
6.With problems worked out, he wants to keep his family company.
问题解决后,他想要陪伴家人。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Most people nowadays are so busy with their lives that they do not have time to enjoy a healthy and 1.balanced(balance) diet.For most people, as 2.a result of eating foods rich in fat and sugar for several years, they choose 3.to go(go) on a diet but do not succeed in the end.Be sure to be with a strong awareness(意识) that you are 4.what you eat! Therefore, keeping a healthy diet not only 5.provides(provide) your body with energy but also numerous health benefits.One is that you will keep a healthy weight and it is also the easiest and most beneficial way in which you can be 6.energetic(energy) and protect yourself 7.from a number of diseases when 8.growing(grow)old.Another benefit is that you will meet your everyday nutritional needs.9.Basically(basic) speaking, you should ensure that you take a lot of vegetables, grains, milk and proteins.In most cases, a healthy diet can help you decrease the risk of 10.getting (get) some diseases like diabetes and cancer.
　　　能力提升 请使用 课时素养检测十五UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Period 5　Reading for Writing (Ⅱ)写作培优课　
写作素养提升
游记(Journal)
写作指导
　　游记是对旅行进行记录的一种文体,现在也多指记录游览经历的文章。游记分很多种类,有带议论色彩的,有带科学色彩的,有带抒彩的。
框架构建
Introduction:make the reader eager to read
Body:①Transitions　②Details and examples
(结尾: 总—总结 )
Ending:Let the reader know that the passage ends. Help the reader remember your writing.
典题示例
去年暑假,你有机会参加一个去山东青岛的夏令营,为期两天。请你写一篇游记,介绍一下你在青岛的所见、所闻和所感。词数80左右。
Step 1　谋篇立意
体裁:游记 Tips Day One To go to the district where fishermen began the fishing industry Day Two the city and market many interesting temples restaurants and museums
时态:一般过去时
人称:第一人称
Step 2　语言支架
1.青岛是一个多样化的地方,也是令人惊讶的城市。
①多样化的地方　a land of diversity
②令人惊讶的城市　an amazing city
2.凡是已经去过那里的人将永难忘记。
用定语从句翻译句子:
Everyone who has ever been there will never forget it.
3.登上山顶鸟瞰整座城市。
①get a whole view of the city 　　鸟瞰整座城市
②用不定式作目的状语翻译句子:
To get a whole view of the city,we got to the top of the hill.
4.这是渔民开创渔业的地方。
①fishermen　　　　　　　　 渔民
②the fishing industry 渔业
③用定语从句翻译句子:
This is the district where fishermen began the fishing industry.
5.我们太累了,不想做任何其他事情。
课文原句仿写:
Exhausted, we don’t feel like doing anything else.
6.我们看到了很多有趣的寺庙,很多市场,很多餐馆还有包含文档、照片的博物馆。
①temple　　 寺庙
②a number of/a great many 很多
③补全句子:
We saw many interesting temples,a number of markets as well as a great many restaurants and museums containing documents and photographs.
7.青岛是如此迷人的地方以至于我渴望再次来参观。
①such an attractive place that　　如此迷人的地方以至于
②渴望再次参观 long to visit it again
③翻译句子:
Qingdao is such an attractive place that I am longing to visit it again.
Step 3　润色成篇
Qingdao is a land of diversity and an amazing city.Everyone who has ever been there will never forget it.
To get a whole view of the city, we got to the top of the hill.It’s so spectacular. Down from the hill, we went to the district where fishermen began the fishing industry.Exhausted, we don’t feel like doing anything else.On the second day, we visited the city.We saw many interesting temples, a number of markets as well as a great many restaurants and museums containing documents and photographs.
Qingdao is such an attractive place that I am longing to visit it again.
善积累 获新知
◆话题词汇识记
常用游记词汇:
diversity 多元化　　　 amazing 令人惊奇的
view 景观 spectacular 壮观的
district 地区 cable car 缆车
exhausted 疲劳的 temples 寺庙
settle 定居 attractive 吸引人的
◆话题好句背诵
1.The world is a book, but people who do not travel read only one page.
世界是一本书,而不旅行的人只读了其中一页。
2.Travelling costs a lot of money, but it makes you understand the society.
旅行虽颇费钱财,却使你懂得社会。
3.Life is like a journey. What you should care about is not the destination, but the scenery on the way and your mood when you see the scenery.
人生就像一场旅行,你应该在乎的不是目的地,而是沿途的风景以及看风景时的心情。
4.If you don’t travel, you will miss more than scenery.
如果你不去旅行,你错过的不只是风景。
5.The Great Wall in Beijing is the place I want to visit most not only because of its long history but also because of its important historical position in Chinese culture.北京长城是我最想参观的地方,不仅是因为它的悠久历史,而且因为它在中国文化中重要的历史地位。
【写作点拨】
游记该怎么写
一、按游览的顺序写
　　我们在参观或游览一个地方时,是随着时间的推移、空间的转移而进行的,因此,我们必须以游览为线索,由先而后依次记述游览过程中所见到的景物,这样,读者才会对你游览的地方有一个清晰的、全面的印象。
二、写出景物的特点
　　大自然的景物各不相同,都有自身的特点,我们要认真回味游览时的所见所感,选取自己印象最深刻的或最有特色的景物进行具体的描写,并对重点部分进行生动细致的刻画。
运用联想,采用比喻、拟人等方法,将景物的特点写出来,使景物形象逼真,让读者宛如亲眼所见一般。
三、分清主次详略
　　我们在写游记时,面对繁多而又千姿百态的景点,美丽而又令人回味的山水,写什么好呢 这都必须根据文章的中心确定主次详略,把最具代表性的、最使自己激动、最令自己难忘的景物,当作主要内容,进行详细描述。如景物怎样美、怎样奇,你和游人怎样感叹,你凝望着什么,展开怎样的想象等;次要景物可略写或不写,这样重点就突出,游记也就生动了。
四、融入真情实感
　　在描写景物的过程中,要把自己的思想感情融进文章的字里行间,做到既有所见所闻,又有所思所感,这样可以丰富文章内涵,深化习作主题,使文章更具感染力。
　　　　阶段诊断 请使用 单元素养检测(四)
教研热点聚焦
宾语从句的九大考点
　　宾语从句是高考的一个热点,也是一个难点,近几年虽说出现的次数不多,但是不能掉以轻心。具体考点如下:
1.考查宾语从句的语序。
宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分”。特别强调:它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序,而不是疑问句的倒装结构。
Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see (×)
Can you tell me who(m) we have to see (√)
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在从句中的成分)
(1)陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称的变化,语序不变。 例如:
She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.”
→She said she would leave a message on the desk.
(2)一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。例如:
“Where are the tickets ” I asked him.
→I asked him where the tickets were.
2.考查时态。宾语从句应同主句在谓语时态上保持一致。主句谓语是现在时,宾语从句的谓语可以是任意时态;主句谓语是过去时,宾语从句的谓语必须是过去的某种时态(宾语是客观真理时则无此限制)。
I thought (that) you are free today.(×)
I thought (that) you would be free today.(√)
【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时,不管主句谓语的时态如何,从句都用一般现在时。例如:
The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.
3.考查连接词的选用。
(1)连接词that,只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略。
He knew (that) he should work hard.
(2)连接词if,whether,起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”讲,在口语中多用if。
Tom didn’t know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.
He asked me whether I was coming or not.
一般情况下,if 和whether可以互换,但以下情况只能用whether:
①在介词后:She is thinking of whether she should give up.
②与or not连用:I don’t know whether he will accept our offer or not.
(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which,连接副词when, where, why, how,起连接作用,作句子成分,有自己的意义。
The teacher asked the new student which class he was in.
老师问新生他是哪个班级的。
I wonder where he got so much money.
我想知道他在哪里得到那么多钱。
4.考查介词后的宾语从句。宾语从句除了用在及物动词后,也可以用在介词后。
They are worrying about whether they can get there in time.
他们在担心他们是否能及时到达那里。
You can write about whatever topic you can think of.你可以写出你能想到的任何话题。
5.考查形容词后的宾语从句。某些像glad, happy, sorry, sure, delighted, pleased等形容词后面跟宾语从句。
Are you sure what you will do next
你确定接下来你要做什么吗
I’m afraid that he will fail in the exam.
我恐怕他考试会不及格。
6.考查不可以直接跟宾语从句的及物动词。
英语中like, love, hate, dislike, depend on, see to等动词或短语后面不允许直接带宾语从句,通常在这些动词后面加it, 然后带相应的句子。例如:You may depend on it that I shall always support you.
7.考查宾语从句的简化。由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句,若从句的主语与主句的主语或间接宾语一致时,可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
I don’t know what I should do with the presents.
→I don’t know what to do with the presents.
8.考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气。 在demand,order,suggest,insist,desire,request, command等表示要求、命令、建议等意义的动词后,宾语从句中常用“should+ 动词原形”,should可以省略。
The lady requested that she (should) be treated equally.该女子要求受到平等对待。
9.考查宾语从句的否定转移。当主句谓语动词为think, suppose, guess, believe, imagine, expect, consider等词,并且主语为第一人称时,时态是一般现在时,从句的否定词应转移到主句谓语动词上来。能够形成否定转移的句子,其反意疑问句的谓语和主语形式与从句一致。
I don’t think I know you. 我想我不认识你。
I don’t believe he will come.
我坚信他不会来。UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
背景素材链接
　　历史和传统是《普通高中英语课程标准》中规定的话题之一,是培养学生英语学科核心素养的一个重要维度,该话题属于人与社会的主题。
A Brief Introduction of the UK
Location and constitution
　　The UK, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, was created by the Act of Union of 1800 and constitutes the greater part of the British Isles, a group of islands lying off the northwest coast of Europe.The largest of the islands is Great Britain, which comprises England, Wales and Scotland.Next largest is Ireland, comprising Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom, and, in the south, the Republic of Ireland.
Culture
　　Culture in the United Kingdom is rich and diverse, with a strong tradition of literature, theatre, popular and orchestral music and the performing arts.These, together with collections in UK museums and galleries, act as a magnet for overseas visitors and make a substantial contribution to the economy.
Capital
　　London is the capital of the UK.The city of London is the center of economy, politics and culture.Here, you can appreciate the beauty of the Thames and enjoy Big Ben’s majesty.
Diet
　　Diet in Britain is usually simple, but they pay attention to nutrition.Only on the weekends, the British people will be rich on the table.Usually the main course is meat, such as grilled chicken, roast beef, fish and so on.After the main course, there will always be delicious sweets, such as fruit pudding, cheese, ice cream and so on.
History
　　The UK also has a long history, from the earliest civilizations to Roman times, and then through the medieval period, the industrial revolution, the colonial expansion, and the world war, all the way until today.
英国简介
位置和构成
　　英国,大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国,由《1800英国合并法》授名。它包括不列颠群岛的绝大部分,位于欧洲的西北海岸。其中最大的岛屿称为大不列颠,包括英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰。面积第二大的岛屿是爱尔兰岛,包括属于联合王国的北爱尔兰和南部的爱尔兰共和国。
文化
　　英国的文化丰富多样,包括历史深厚的文学、戏剧、流行音乐、管弦乐及表演艺术。所有这些以及博物馆和陈列馆内的收藏吸引着络绎不绝的海外游客们,同时为经济的发展做出了重大贡献。
首都
　　英国的首都是伦敦。伦敦是经济、政治和文化的中心。在这里,你可以感悟泰晤士河的美,欣赏大本钟的雄伟壮观。
饮食
　　英国的饮食通常很简单,但是他们很注重营养。只有在周末,英国人才会进行饕餮大餐。主食通常是肉,比如烤鸡、烤牛肉、鱼等。主食过后,总会有美味的甜点,例如水果布丁、奶酪、冰激凌等。
历史
　　英国拥有悠久的历史,从早期文明到罗马时代,然后经过中世纪,工业革命,到殖民地扩张,世界大战,一路走到现在。
话题词汇
comprise /k m praIz/ vt.包括;由……构成
素养风向标
语言能力　R　通过主题语境,学习并掌握本单元重点词汇以及关于历史及传统的词汇。
R　掌握动词与形容词、动词与名词之间的转化并在具体情境中运用规律,正确猜测词义。
学习能力　R　平时能够注意积累英语习语;在听的过程中,能够通过上下文推测英语习语的含义。
R　在阅读中,能够从地图中获取相关的地理文化信息,以提高读图的能力。
文化意识　R　通过语篇学习,了解英国及其他国家或地方的历史及传统习俗,学会吸取其文化精华。
R　结合语篇内容,对比不同文化,增强中华民族文化自信心及自豪感。
思维品质　R　能够结合自己的生活和学习需要及相关历史文化知识等,观察和分析语言和文化现象,
了解相关国家悠久历史和特色传统的文化内涵和现实意义,思考历史与现实的辩证关系。
话题美文阅读
主题语境:人与自然——主要国家地理概况
New Yinxu Museum Showcases Shang Dynasty Artifacts
　　A new building of the Yinxu Museum in Anyang County, central China’s Henan Province, officially opened to the public on February 26,2024.The expanded Yinxu Museum is the first national major archaeological museum to comprehensively present the Shang civilization.
　　The square, bronze-colored building exuded a commanding presence under the sunlight, while inside, 3,000 artifacts were displayed to the public for the first time, offering visitors a feast for the eyes.The Yinxu Ruins and oracle bones(甲骨文) have undoubtedly become the calling card of Anyang in Central China’s Henan Province.
　　Despite the opening falling on a Monday, visitors flocked in from all directions.Among them were proud locals from Anyang, marveling at the greatness of Shang Dynasty civilization on their native soil.There were also visitors from other parts of China, feeling proud of the cultural heritage.
【话题词汇】
1.major adj.重要的,大的
2.undoubtedly adv.无疑,毋庸置疑地
3.flock v.聚集,蜂拥
话题听说汇
Ⅰ.看图选词
Temple of Confucius, Kong Family Mansion, Cemetery of Confucius,Confucius
1. 2.
Confucius Temple of Confucius
3. 4.
Kong Family Mansion Cemetery of Confucius
Ⅱ.读词辨音
1.Confucius / / 2.class /k/
3.philosopher / / 4.phone / /
5.whether /e/ 6.before /I/
7.place /eI/　 8.cat / /
9.these / /　 10.think /θ/
Ⅲ.根据提示完成下面的情境对话,并分组练习
Adam打算到山东旅游,不知道去哪些地方玩,他的中国朋友Jim正在给他提出建议。
Adam:I have been 1.longing for(一直渴望) a visit to Shandong.
Jim:Welcome.I’m sure you’ll enjoy your staying here.
Adam:Well, can you introduce some places to me I really don’t know anything about this province.
Jim:Sure.First, Jinan,the capital city of Shandong Province is 2. well worth visiting(很值得参观).It is 3.famous for (因……而出名) its spring.Baotu Spring and Daming Lake are both well-known.
Adam:Any other places
Jim:Well, there are many beautiful 4.coastal cities(沿海城市),where you can enjoy the sea and the sand.Maybe you can have a sun-bath as well.
Adam:Sounds interesting.
Jim:There are also many 5.places of interest(名胜).You can visit Qufu in search of Confucius and find the great deeds of Li Qingzhao in Jinan.
Adam:Wonderful.I can’t wait to set out right away!
Ⅳ.读音写词
1./k n fju s/Confucius 2./hi l/heel
3./ m n n/mansion 4./ p zl/puzzle
5./ IndI vId l/individual 6./t i f/chief
7./ nI baI/nearby 8./bI l /belong
9./ k r nsi/currency 10./ p It/ poet
纠音点拨
英语中的连读
1.在连贯地说话或朗读时,在同一个意群(即短语或从句)中,如果相邻的两个词前者以辅音音素结尾,后者以元音音素开头,就要自然地将辅音和元音相拼,构成一个音节,这就是连读。
2.连读时的音节一般不重读,只需顺其自然地一带而过,不可以加音,也不可以读得太重。
3.连读只发生在句子中的同一个意群中。在两个意群之间,即使辅音和元音相连,也不可以连读。(共28张PPT)
Period 1　Reading and Thinking (Ⅰ)语篇研读课
UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
自主素养储备
探究素养提能
课堂学业达标
素养目标
1.通过文章标题和图片,猜测文章的主旨大意。
2.通过看地图并结合文字内容直观地了解英国的组成部分。
3.通过了解英国名字的由来,理解其背后的历史文化意义并且学会尊重外国文化。
Ⅰ.阅读词汇
1.descendant n._______________
2.philosophy n.______
3.individual n.______
adj.______________
4.Achilles’ heel ____________
5.puzzle n._________________
6.currency n.__________
7.conquer n._______________
8.fascinating adj.____________________
自主素养储备
后裔;后代;子孙
哲学
个人
单独的,个别的
致命的弱点
谜;智力游戏;疑问
通货;货币
占领;征服;控制
极有吸引力的;迷人的
Ⅱ.核心词汇
1._________ n.王国;领域
2.______ adj.最重要的,最高级别的
n.首领;酋长
3.________ adj.附近的;邻近的 adv.在附近
4.________ adj.军事的;军用的
5.________ n.防御;保卫
6.______ adj.法律的;合法的
7._________ vt.围绕;包围
8._________ n.证据;证明
kingdom
chief
nearby
military
defence
legal
surround
evidence
9.____________ n.成就;成绩;达到
10.________ n.地方;地点;位置
achievement
location
Ⅲ.拓展词汇
1._______ vi.应在(某处);适应→ ___________ n.(pl)所有物;财产;财物
2.defence n.防御;保卫→ _______ vt.保卫;保护;为……辩护
3.surround vt.围绕;包围→ _____________ n.(pl) 环境
belong
belongings
defend
surroundings
Ⅳ.重点短语
1.__________ 把……和……连接或联接起来
2.________________________ 脱离;背叛;逃脱
3._________ 属于
4.__________ 同(一样也);和;还
5._______________________ 留心;留意
6.________ 查阅;提及;指代
7._________ 导致;产生
8._________ 接管;接手
join...to...
break away (from sb./sth.)
belong to
as well as
keep your eyes open (for)
refer to
result in
take over
Step 1　Pre-reading
Look at the pictures and write down the names of the four countries.
探究素养提能
Step 2　While-reading
Ⅰ.Answer the following questions.
1.What’s in the name “the UK”
The UK, the ________________,is the shortened name of _____________________
________________________________.
2.What does the passage mainly talk about
The main idea of the passage is __________________________________.
United Kingdom
the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Northern Ireland
the history about the United Kingdom
Ⅱ.Fill in the form below.
Groups of people When they arrived What they did
the Romans 1st century building 1._______________
2.____________ 5th century starting 3.________;changing the way of building houses
the Vikings 8th century leaving behind new 4.___________ and naming locations
5.____________ 11th century building castles; changing 6._______________
towns and roads
Anglo-Saxons
English
vocabulary
the Normans
the legal system
Ⅲ. Choose the best answer.
1.What can help us find out the difference between some different names of the UK
A.British languages.
B.British history.
C.British location.
D.British education.
2.What is different for the four countries of the UK
A.The flag.
B.The currency.
C.The military defence.
D.The education system.
3.Which of the following is the achievement of the Normans
A.Building towns and roads.
B.Changing the way of building houses.
C.Leaving behind lots of new vocabulary.
D.Changing the legal system.
4.What’s the author’s attitude towards studying the history
A.Neutral. B.Indifferent.
C.Supportive. D.Doubtful.
Ⅳ.Answer the following questions.
1.According to the text, what are two chief advantages of studying the history of a
country
__________________________________________________________________
______________________________________
2.Which one of the four countries was the first one to be joined together
_______
①Helping you understand much more about the country and its traditions.
②Making your visit much more enjoyable.
Wales.
Sentence Explanation
1.The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore,which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions.
分析:不定式短语to explore作后置定语修饰history; which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰history。
句意:英国历史源远流长,别有趣味,等待你去探索,帮助你更加深入地了解这一国家及其传统。
2.Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
分析:本句是复合句。句中everywhere引导地点状语从句;who引导定语从句,修饰先行词people,且在从句中作主语。
句意:英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方,这些民族的痕迹都随处可见。
3.The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.
分析:本句是复合句。句中as引导原因状语从句;that引导定语从句修饰先行词port city,且在从句中作主语。dating all the way back to Roman times为动词-ing形式作定语。
句意:以首都伦敦为第一站,是个不错的选择。因为伦敦是一个古老的港口城市,其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。
4.If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
分析:本句是复合句。句中if引导条件状语从句;that引导宾语从句。
句意:用心去观察,英国的过去与现在都将展示在你面前,令你叹为观止。
Step 3　Post-reading
　　According to British history, Wales was the first country to be joined 1.___ the
Kingdom of England,which happened in the 16th century.Later,Scotland and the
Kingdom of Ireland 2.___________(add) to create the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland.In the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland 3.______(break)
away from the UK,4._______ resulted in the full name we have today:the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,whose 5.__________(shorten) name
is “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.The four countries of the UK use 6.____ same
flag as well as the same currency and military defence.However,they also have some
to
were added
broke
which
shortened
the
7.___________(different),like different education systems and legal systems.The
UK’s long and interesting history can help you understand much more about the
country and its traditions.Studying the history of the UK will make your visit much
more 8.__________(enjoy).The capital city London is a great place 9.________
(start),as it is an ancient port city that has a history 10._______(date) all the way back
to Roman times.There are countless historic sites to explore,and lots of museums
with ancient relics from all over the UK.
differences
enjoyable
to start
dating
主题情境思考
Complete the following conversation.
A:How much do you know about “the UK”
B:Well, it is the shortened name of 1._____________________________________
________________.It consists of four countries:2._________________________
__________________.
A:What are the four groups of people throughout its history
B:They are the Romans,3._____________,the Vikings and the 4._________.
A:Who made changes to the legal system
B:The 5.__________.
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland
Scotland,Northern Ireland,
England and Wales
Anglo-Saxons
Normans
Normans
A: Who came in the eighth century and what did they do
B: The 6.________.They left behind much new 7.___________ and also the names
of many 8.__________.
A: Wow! It’s really interesting to learn something about the history!
Vikings
vocabulary
locations
　　In the US, people prefer waiting for a table to sitting with people they don’t know.This means a hostess may not seat a small group until a small table is available, even if a large one is.If you are sitting at a table with people you don’t know, it is impolite to light up a cigarette without asking if it will disturb them.
　　At American restaurants and coffee shops you are usually served tap water before you order.You may find the bread and butter is free, and if you order coffee, you may get a free refill.
　　Most cities and towns have no rules about opening and closing time for stores or restaurants, though they usually do make rules for bars.Especially in large cities, stores may be open 24 hours a day.
课堂学业达标
　　Serving in restaurants is often large, too large for many people.If you can’t finish your meal but would like to enjoy the food later, ask your waitress or waiter for a “doggie bag”.It may have a picture of a dog on it, but everybody knows you’re taking the food for yourself.
　　Supper and dinner are both words for the evening meal.Some people have “Sunday dinner”.This is an especially big noon meal.
　　Tips are not usually added to the check.They are not included in the price of the meal, either.A tip of about 15% is expected and you should leave it on the table when you leave.In some restaurants, a check is brought on a plate and you put your money there.Then the waiter or waitress brings you your change.
Ⅰ.Read the passage and try to grasp the main idea.
It mainly tells us ____________________________________________________.
Ⅱ.Choose the best answer according to the passage.
1.Which statement is TRUE
A.American people like sitting with people they don’t know.
B.A hostess always seats a small group at a large table.
C.American people never sit with people they don’t know.
D.American people would not light a cigarette if the people who sit at the same table mind their smoking.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第三句If you are sitting at a table with people you don’t know, it is impolite to light up a cigarette without asking if it will disturb them.可知,如果坐在同一张桌子上的人介意吸烟,美国人是不会吸烟的。故选D。
some customs of Americans when they have dinners outside
2.What do American people always do when servings are too large for them
A.They take the food home with a doggie bag for their dogs.
B.They leave the food on the table and go away.
C.They take the food home with a doggie bag and enjoy the food later.
D.They ask the waitress or waiter to keep the food for them.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段第二句If you can’t finish your meal but would like to enjoy the food later, ask your waitress or waiter for a “doggie bag”.可知当份量太大吃不完的时候,美国人通常会要一个打包袋把食物带回家。故选C。
3.What can you learn about “tips” according to the passage
A.Customers often add tips to their check.
B.Tips are supposed to be left on the table when customers leave.
C.People don’t need to pay tips.
D.The price of the meal usually includes the tip.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句A tip of about 15% is expected and you should leave it on the table when you leave.可知,顾客离开时,小费应该留在桌上。故选B。
本课结束UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Period 4　Reading for Writing(Ⅰ) 要点内化课　
素养目标
1.掌握单词、短语和句型:poet、county、roll、 cattle、ocean、greet、pub、wine、beer; have an influence on、make up、 greet with、with something done;It is...that...。
2.阅读并理解文章,学习描述你喜欢的地方。
自主素养储备
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.They have announced (宣布) that they will hold their wedding ceremony next week.
2.A good approach (方法)to enlarging your vocabulary is to read more classic works.
3.On the way to school,Tom came across one of his classmates,and they greeted (问候) each other by saying “Good morning”.
4.The British and the Americans not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs(风俗).
5.It is surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean (海洋).
6.They said goodbye to the villagers,with tears rolling (滚动) down.
7.Bill is a generous (慷慨的) person,who has given millions of dollars to help those people in the disaster-hit area.
8.In history, China has a great number of famous poets(诗人).
Ⅱ.完成句子
1. Moved tears rolled down her cheeks.
感动的眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。
2.He greeted all the guests warmly with “Hello” as they arrived.
客人到达时他都热情地打招呼说“你好”。
3.The book has a great influence on the students.
这本书对学生有很大影响。
4.Girls make up 56% of the student numbers.
女生占学生人数的56%。
5.The play is really a feast for the eyes.
这场戏剧真的是一场视觉盛宴。
阅读课文,回答下面的问题
1.How does Ireland’s countryside influence its people and traditions
Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all, offering something for each of the senses, producing great writers and poets.
2.According to the order that they appear, write down different places and different senses.
hills—sight;by the sea—hearing;mountains—touch, smell and hearing;pub —taste
3.What can you hear on the coast
The roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds.
4.What do Ireland’s traditions include according to the passage
Music, dancing and dining.
5.How can you experience some Irish culture better
Introduce myself to a friendly face and experience local culture and customs first-hand.
知识素养积淀
1.charge vt.收费;控告;充电 n.收费;指控;主管
【观察·悟】
※ Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square,where we could get our car battery charged. (教材典句)朱迪和我把我们的车停在了特拉法尔加广场附近的一家地下停车场,在那里我们可以给我们的汽车电池充电。
※He is in charge of the training of the company.
他负责公司的培训工作。
※Who do you think will take charge of this company after his father retires
你认为他父亲退休后谁会掌管这家公司
※(2023·全国甲卷)Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.
虽然DIY传统上被视为男性的爱好,但研究表明现在是女性在引领这个潮流。
【生成·得】
①in charge of　主管;负责;掌管
in the charge of sb.=in one’s charge
在某人的掌管下;由某人管理
take charge of 负责;掌管;接管
free of charge 免费=(for free)
②charge sb. with sth./doing sth.
控告某人犯某罪;指责某人做某事
charge...for... 就……(向某人)索取……费用
【熟词生义】 charge
(读后续写之动作描写)The moment we got into the helicopter, the bear charged at us with all its might. (charge v.向前冲)
【巧学助记】 巧记charge短语
He offered his workmates cakes free of charge on his first day when he took charge of the workshop, which had been in the charge of his cousin, who was in charge of another.
他接管车间的第一天为工友们提供了免费的蛋糕,该车间以前是他表兄管理,他表兄管理另一个(车间)了。
【内化·用】 语法填空/一句多译
①The young man was charged with robbery with violence.
②Several people were arrested but nobody was charged (charge).
③老板退休以后,这家公司就一直由格林小姐掌管。
→Miss Green has been in charge of the company since the boss retired.
→The company has been in the charge of Miss Green since the boss retired.
→The company has been in Miss Green’s charge since the boss retired.
2.announce vt.宣布;通知;声称　派生 announcement n.宣布;通告;声明
【观察·悟】
※In the end, the headmaster announced that Class 1 won the championship in the competition.
最后,校长宣布一班赢得本次比赛。
※The company announced its decision to the public yesterday.
该公司昨天向公众宣布了其决定。
※ It was announced that Tu Youyou was the first Chinese to win the Nobel Prize in Medicine.
据宣布,屠呦呦是第一位获得诺贝尔医学奖的中国人。
※ She made an announcement after her talks with the president.
她在与总统的会谈后发布了公告。
【生成·得】
① announce sth. to sb. 　　向某人宣告某事
announce that... 宣布……
It is announced that... 据宣布……
②make an announcement 下通知;宣布
【巧学助记】 明辨announce与declare
※announce多指提前宣布或公开宣告大家关心的事。
※declare 一般指在正式场合宣布官方的立场或态度,后可跟复合宾语,还有“断言,宣称”之意。
【名师点津】announce后不接双宾语,常用于announce sth.to sb.结构,用法类似的动词还有suggest,explain等。
【内化·用】选词填空 (announce,declare)/语法填空/完成句子
①The government has announced plans to create 10,000 new jobs.
②In April this country declared war on Germany.
③One of the chief leaders is making an important announcement (announce) at the moment.
④Please remain seated;the owner of the prize will be announced(announce) soon.
⑤It is announced that the chief of the company is in charge of the charity.
据宣布这家公司的主管负责这家慈善机构。
⑥Attention, please. I have an announcement to make.
请大家注意。我要宣布一个通知。
3.roll vi.&vt. (使)翻滚;(使)滚动　n.卷(轴);翻滚　派生roller n. 滚筒;滚轴 rolling adj. 起伏的
【观察·悟】
※(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The wind picked up and thunder rolled. 起风了,雷声滚滚。
※It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.
需要几个年轻大胆的商人开始这件事情。
※You can see many rolling green hills in this area.
在这个地区,你可以看到很多起伏的绿色小山。
※Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll.他们在美洲的胜利仍然作为摇滚史上的一个主要转折点而被铭记。
※I need a roll of film.我需要一卷胶卷。
【生成·得】
①get the ball rolling　　　　　开始
②rock and roll 摇滚
③a roll of 一卷
【巧学助记】图文助记roll的用法
bread rolls　 　toilet roll　　a roll of tape
小圆面包　 　　卫生纸卷　 　一卷胶带
【内化·用】完成句子
①As we drove westward,rolling mountains came into our view.
随着我们开车西行,起伏的山脉进入我们的视野。
②Rock and roll is a popular type of music.
摇滚是一种受欢迎的音乐形式。
③After making the plan, they got the ball rolling right away.
制订了计划后他们马上开始了行动。
④I need a roll of wallpaper.
我需要一卷壁纸。
4.greet vt.问候;迎接 派生greeting n.[C,U]问候;迎接
【观察·悟】
※(读后续写之人物描写)When the host announced it was Jane’s turn, she was wheeled onto the stage. Jane was greeted with warm applause.
当主持人宣布轮到简时,她被推上了舞台。简受到热烈的掌声欢迎。
※Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them.
成百上千的粉丝涌到机场去迎接他们。
※They exchanged greetings and sat down to lunch.
他们相互致意后便坐下吃午饭。
※There is a custom of sending greeting cards on special occasions in China.
在中国,有在特殊场合送贺卡的习俗。
【生成·得】
①greet A with B　　用B给A打招呼/用B问候A
②exchange greetings 相互致意;相互问候
③greeting card 贺卡
【内化·用】用greet 的正确形式填空/完成句子
①The boy greets his teacher with a smile every day.
②Friends exchanged greetings and began their dinner.
③We were first greeted with the barking of dogs.
首先欢迎我们的是狗吠。
5.The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes,with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛” 风光宁静秀美,郡县草木葱茏,青山连绵起伏,牛羊点缀其中,堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
【观察·悟】
※ (读后续写之动作描写)About two hours later,with our baskets full,we went out,wearing tired but satisfied expressions.
大约两个小时后,我们带着满篮子的东西,带着疲惫但满意的表情走了出去。
※With the work done,she felt greatly relieved.
工作完成了,她大大地松了一口气。
※She felt nervous with so many people sitting here.
这么多人坐在这里,她感觉紧张。
【生成·得】
with复合结构在句中作状语或定语
with+宾语+宾语补足语
【名师点津】当with后的宾语和作宾语补足语的动词之间是主谓关系时,常用v.-ing形式;如果是动宾关系,则常用v.-ed形式;不定式表示将来发生的动作。
【内化·用】语法填空/句式升级
①(应用文之邀请信)With so many specialists to make (make) comments, we’re sure to see a successful contest.
②With more and more forests damaged (damage),some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out.
③With several problems remaining (remain) to be solved,we still need to hold another meeting as soon as possible.
④ Because the key was lost,he had to wait outside the door.(用with复合结构改写)
→With the key lost,he had to wait outside the door.
6.With all this beauty,it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining.这般美景,自然造就了爱尔兰独特的民间传统,如音乐、舞蹈及菜肴等。
【观察·悟】
※It is clear that the chosen pattern is not the correct one.显然,所选择的式样是错误的。
※It is a pity that we shall have to leave tomorrow.
我们明天必须离开,真是遗憾。
【生成·得】
it可以放在句子开头作形式主语,真正的主语为that引导的主语从句。
【知识延伸】
it也可以作形式宾语,代替真正的宾语从句。
※I think it best that you should stay here.
我觉得你最好待在这里。
【内化·用】完成句子
①It is a good idea that we visit him tomorrow.
我们明天去看他是个好主意。
②I like it that you came.
你来了,我很高兴。
③It was clear that he had won the game.
很明显他赢了比赛。
课堂学业达标
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.In order to ensure (确保)the project’s completion on schedule,two experts were hired to watch out the building when it was being built.
2.The hill was dotted (遍布) with lovely sheep and goats.
3.She greeted (迎接) us with a smile.
4.The strong wind roared (咆哮) so loudly with windows shaking that we dared not sleep.
5.This is one of the most striking (显著的)findings in the report.
6.Absorbed in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching (临近).
7.Most students are eager (渴望的)to join in meaningful outdoor activities.
8.Sales director is a position(职位)where communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
9.He finally found a hotel at the corner of the street charging(收费)60 dollars for a single room with bath.
10.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)A large amount(数量) of research confirms this finding.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1. It struck me that we could hold a charity sale to raise money.
我突然想起我们可以举办一场义卖活动来筹钱。
2.So I made an announcement to the students that we were going to climb the hill near our school on Saturday.
于是我向学生们下通知,我们将在周六去爬学校附近的小山。
3.The shops are crowded with excited children hoping to buy their favorite toys.
商店里挤满了兴奋的孩子, 他们希望买到最喜欢的玩具。
4.Children are likely to imitate what they see and hear out of curiosity.
儿童出于好奇很可能会模仿他们看到的和听到的。
5.With every room in the house cleaned, Jack sat down to have a rest.
房子里的每个房间都打扫了, 杰克坐下来休息一下。
　　　能力提升 请使用 课时素养检测十六(共40张PPT)
UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Period 4　Reading for Writing(Ⅰ)
要点内化课
自主素养储备
知识素养积淀
课堂学业达标
素养目标
1.掌握单词、短语和句型:poet、county、roll、 cattle、ocean、greet、pub、wine、beer; have an influence on、make up、 greet with、with something done;It is...that...。
2.阅读并理解文章,学习描述你喜欢的地方。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.They have ___________ (宣布) that they will hold their wedding ceremony next
week.
2.A good __________ (方法)to enlarging your vocabulary is to read more classic
works.
3.On the way to school,Tom came across one of his classmates,and they _______
(问候) each other by saying “Good morning”.
4.The British and the Americans not only speak the same language but also share a
large number of social ________(风俗).
自主素养储备
announced
approach
greeted
customs
5.It is surrounded by mountains and the Pacific _______(海洋).
6.They said goodbye to the villagers,with tears ________(滚动) down.
7.Bill is a __________(慷慨的) person,who has given millions of dollars to help those
people in the disaster-hit area.
8.In history, China has a great number of famous ______(诗人).
Ocean
rolling
generous
poets
Ⅱ.完成句子
1. Moved tears ____________her cheeks.
感动的眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。
2.He ________ all the guests warmly _____ “Hello” as they arrived.
客人到达时他都热情地打招呼说“你好”。
3.The book ____ a great ____________the students.
这本书对学生有很大影响。
rolled down
greeted
with
has
influence on
4.Girls _________56% of the student numbers.
女生占学生人数的56%。
5.The play is really a feast ___________.
这场戏剧真的是一场视觉盛宴。
make up
for the eyes
阅读课文,回答下面的问题
1.How does Ireland’s countryside influence its people and traditions
Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all, offering something for each of the senses, producing great writers and poets.
2.According to the order that they appear, write down different places and different senses.
hills—sight;by the sea—hearing;mountains—touch, smell and hearing;pub —taste
3.What can you hear on the coast
The roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds.
4.What do Ireland’s traditions include according to the passage
Music, dancing and dining.
5.How can you experience some Irish culture better
Introduce myself to a friendly face and experience local culture and customs first-hand.
1.charge vt.收费;控告;充电 n.收费;指控;主管
【观察·悟】
※ Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square,where we could get our car battery charged. (教材典句)朱迪和我把我们的车停在了特拉法尔加广场附近的一家地下停车场,在那里我们可以给我们的汽车电池充电。
※He is in charge of the training of the company.
他负责公司的培训工作。
知识素养积淀
※Who do you think will take charge of this company after his father retires
你认为他父亲退休后谁会掌管这家公司
※(2023·全国甲卷)Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.
虽然DIY传统上被视为男性的爱好,但研究表明现在是女性在引领这个潮流。
【生成·得】
①____________　主管;负责;掌管
in the charge of sb.=in one’s charge
在某人的掌管下;由某人管理
______________ 负责;掌管;接管
free of charge 免费=(for free)
②charge sb. with sth./doing sth.
控告某人犯某罪;指责某人做某事
_____________ 就……(向某人)索取……费用
in charge of
take charge of
charge...for...
【熟词生义】 charge
(读后续写之动作描写)The moment we got into the helicopter, the bear charged at
us with all its might. ( )
【巧学助记】 巧记charge短语
He offered his workmates cakes free of charge on his first day when he took charge
of the workshop, which had been in the charge of his cousin, who was in charge of
another.
他接管车间的第一天为工友们提供了免费的蛋糕,该车间以前是他表兄管理,他
表兄管理另一个(车间)了。
charge v.向前冲
【内化·用】 语法填空/一句多译
①The young man was charged ______robbery with violence.
②Several people were arrested but nobody _____________(charge).
③老板退休以后,这家公司就一直由格林小姐掌管。
→Miss Green ____________________the company since the boss retired.
→The company _______________________ Miss Green since the boss retired.
→The company _____________________________since the boss retired.
with
was charged
has been in charge of
has been in the charge of
has been in Miss Green’s charge
2.announce vt.宣布;通知;声称　派生 announcement n.宣布;通告;声明
【观察·悟】
※In the end, the headmaster announced that Class 1 won the championship in the competition.
最后,校长宣布一班赢得本次比赛。
※The company announced its decision to the public yesterday.
该公司昨天向公众宣布了其决定。
※ It was announced that Tu Youyou was the first Chinese to win the Nobel Prize in Medicine.
据宣布,屠呦呦是第一位获得诺贝尔医学奖的中国人。
※ She made an announcement after her talks with the president.
她在与总统的会谈后发布了公告。
【生成·得】
① announce sth. to sb. 　　 向某人宣告某事
announce that... 宣布……
____________________ 据宣布……
②______________________ 下通知;宣布
It is announced that...
make an announcement
【巧学助记】 明辨announce与declare
※announce多指提前宣布或公开宣告大家关心的事。
※declare 一般指在正式场合宣布官方的立场或态度,后可跟复合宾语,还有“断言,宣称”之意。
【名师点津】announce后不接双宾语,常用于announce sth.to sb.结构,用法类似的动词还有suggest,explain等。
【内化·用】选词填空 (announce,declare)/语法填空/完成句子
①The government has ___________plans to create 10,000 new jobs.
②In April this country _________war on Germany.
③One of the chief leaders is making an important ______________ (announce) at
the moment.
④Please remain seated;the owner of the prize will ______________(announce) soon.
⑤___________________the chief of the company is in charge of the charity.
据宣布这家公司的主管负责这家慈善机构。
⑥Attention, please. I _____________________________.
请大家注意。我要宣布一个通知。
announced
declared
announcement
be announced
It is announced that
have an announcement to make
3.roll vi.&vt. (使)翻滚;(使)滚动　n.卷(轴);翻滚　派生roller n. 滚筒;滚轴 rolling adj. 起伏的
【观察·悟】
※(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The wind picked up and thunder rolled. 起风了,雷声滚滚。
※It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.
需要几个年轻大胆的商人开始这件事情。
※You can see many rolling green hills in this area.
在这个地区,你可以看到很多起伏的绿色小山。
※Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll.他们在美洲的胜利仍然作为摇滚史上的一个主要转折点而被铭记。
※I need a roll of film.我需要一卷胶卷。
【生成·得】
①_________________　　　　　 开始
②_____________ 摇滚
③________ 一卷
get the ball rolling
rock and roll
a roll of
【巧学助记】图文助记roll的用法
bread rolls　 　toilet roll　　a roll of tape
小圆面包　 　卫生纸卷　 　一卷胶带
【内化·用】完成句子
①As we drove westward, _________________came into our view.
随着我们开车西行,起伏的山脉进入我们的视野。
②______________is a popular type of music.
摇滚是一种受欢迎的音乐形式。
③After making the plan, they ___________________________
制订了计划后他们马上开始了行动。
④I need _________________
我需要一卷壁纸。
rolling mountains
Rock and roll
got the ball rolling right away.
a roll of wallpaper.
4.greet vt.问候;迎接 派生greeting n.[C,U]问候;迎接
【观察·悟】
※(读后续写之人物描写)When the host announced it was Jane’s turn, she was wheeled onto the stage. Jane was greeted with warm applause.
当主持人宣布轮到简时,她被推上了舞台。简受到热烈的掌声欢迎。
※Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them.
成百上千的粉丝涌到机场去迎接他们。
※They exchanged greetings and sat down to lunch.
他们相互致意后便坐下吃午饭。
※There is a custom of sending greeting cards on special occasions in China.
在中国,有在特殊场合送贺卡的习俗。
【生成·得】
①greet A ______B　　 用B给A打招呼/用B问候A
②exchange _________ 相互致意;相互问候
③_________card 贺卡
【内化·用】用greet 的正确形式填空/完成句子
①The boy _______his teacher with a smile every day.
②Friends exchanged __________and began their dinner.
③We were first _____________the barking of dogs.
首先欢迎我们的是狗吠。
with
greetings
greeting
greets
greetings
greeted with
5.The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes,with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛” 风光宁静秀美,郡县草木葱茏,青山连绵起伏,牛羊点缀其中,堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
【观察·悟】
※ (读后续写之动作描写)About two hours later,with our baskets full,we went out,wearing tired but satisfied expressions.
大约两个小时后,我们带着满篮子的东西,带着疲惫但满意的表情走了出去。
※With the work done, she felt greatly relieved.
工作完成了,她大大地松了一口气。
※She felt nervous with so many people sitting here.
这么多人坐在这里,她感觉紧张。
【生成·得】
with复合结构在句中作状语或定语
【名师点津】当with后的宾语和作宾语补足语的动词之间是主谓关系时,常用
v.-ing形式;如果是动宾关系,则常用v.-ed形式;不定式表示将来发生的动作。
【内化·用】语法填空/句式升级
①(应用文之邀请信)With so many specialists _________(make) comments, we’re
sure to see a successful contest.
②With more and more forests _________ (damage),some animals and plants are
facing the danger of dying out.
③With several problems __________ (remain) to be solved,we still need to hold
another meeting as soon as possible.
④ Because the key was lost,he had to wait outside the door.(用with复合结构改写)
→________________,he had to wait outside the door.
to make
damaged
remaining
With the key lost
6.With all this beauty,it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining.这般美景,自然造就了爱尔兰独特的民间传统,如音乐、舞蹈及菜肴等。
【观察·悟】
※It is clear that the chosen pattern is not the correct one.显然,所选择的式样是错误的。
※It is a pity that we shall have to leave tomorrow.
我们明天必须离开,真是遗憾。
【生成·得】
it可以放在句子开头作__________,真正的主语为_____引导的主语从句。
【知识延伸】
it也可以作形式宾语,代替真正的宾语从句。
※I think it best that you should stay here.
我觉得你最好待在这里。
形式主语
that
【内化·用】完成句子
①___________________we visit him tomorrow.
我们明天去看他是个好主意。
②I like _______you came.
你来了,我很高兴。
③________________he had won the game.
很明显他赢了比赛。
It is a good idea that
it that
It was clear that
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.In order to _______ (确保)the project’s completion on schedule,two experts were
hired to watch out the building when it was being built.
2.The hill was _______ (遍布) with lovely sheep and goats.
3.She ________ (迎接) us with a smile.
4.The strong wind ________(咆哮) so loudly with windows shaking that we dared not
sleep.
5.This is one of the most ________ (显著的)findings in the report.
课堂学业达标
ensure
dotted
greeted
roared
striking
6.Absorbed in painting, John didn’t notice evening ____________ (临近).
7.Most students are ______ (渴望的)to join in meaningful outdoor activities.
8.Sales director is a ________(职位)where communication ability is just as important
as sales skills.
9.He finally found a hotel at the corner of the street _________(收费)60 dollars for a
single room with bath.
10.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)A large ________ (数量) of research confirms this finding.
approaching
eager
position
charging
amount
Ⅱ.完成句子
1. ________________we could hold a charity sale to raise money.
我突然想起我们可以举办一场义卖活动来筹钱。
2.So I ___________________________________that we were going to climb the hill
near our school on Saturday.
于是我向学生们下通知,我们将在周六去爬学校附近的小山。
3.The shops _______________________________hoping to buy their favorite toys.
商店里挤满了兴奋的孩子, 他们希望买到最喜欢的玩具。
It struck me that
made an announcement to the students
are crowded with excited children
4.Children ____________imitate what they see and hear out of curiosity.
儿童出于好奇很可能会模仿他们看到的和听到的。
5. __________________________________, Jack sat down to have a rest.
房子里的每个房间都打扫了, 杰克坐下来休息一下。
are likely to
With every room in the house cleaned
本课结束

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