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专题七　动词和动词短语
目录
CONTENTS
02 课堂精讲
03 备考精练
01 思维导图
思维导图
01
课堂精讲
02
一、动词的种类
根据动词在句中的功能分为行为动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词四类，有些动词是兼类词。
1. 行为动词
行为动词表示主语的动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语。行为动词可分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词后须接宾语，不及物动词后不可直接接宾语。
(1)及物动词
类别 用法和例句
单宾语动词 只可接一个宾语的动词，如：accept 接受，discover 发现，enjoy 享受，forget 忘记，catch 抓，invent 发明，found 建造，like 喜欢，find 寻找，receive 接受，see 看见，say 说，make 做，create 创造，love 爱，read 阅读
I read books every day. 我每天都读书。
双宾语动词 即后接间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)的动词，如：give 给，buy 买，bring 带，sell 卖
I am going to bring him some books tomorrow. 我打算明天带些书给他。
类别 用法和例句
接复合宾语的动词 后接宾语和宾补的动词，如：find 发现，hear 听见，keep 保持，make 使得，see 看见，watch 观察，notice 注意到，let 让
We saw him running along the river. 我们看到他沿着河边跑步。
接动名词作宾语的动词 advise 建议，consider 考虑，finish 完成，imagine 想象，practise 练习，suggest 建议，enjoy 享受，mind 介意
She enjoys listening to music every day. 她每天享受听音乐。
接不定式作宾语的动词 agree 同意，decide 决定，hope 希望，refuse 拒绝，manage 设法做成，plan 计划，choose 选择，offer 主动提出
Bill offered to help the old. 比尔主动帮助老人。
　　(2)不及物动词
不及物动词不能直接跟宾语。有些不及物动词要带宾语时，须加介词后再加宾语。如：
He is sitting on the sofa. 他正坐在沙发上。
常见的不及物动词：
appear 出现 arise 出现，上升 die 死亡 go 去 occur 发生
happen 发生 rise 上升 arrive 到达 flow 流动 disappear 消失
belong 属于 listen 听 exist 存在 live 生活，居住 sit 坐
come 来 care 关心 look 看 fall 落下 run 跑
2. 连系动词
连系动词有一定的词义，但不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须与名词、形容词等一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。系动词可以分为三类：
系动词类别 常见的系动词 例句
(1)表示状态的连系动词 be 是，keep 保持，remain 仍是，stay 保持 Be quiet，please. 请保持安静。
They keep healthy by doing sports.
他们通过做运动来保持健康。
系动词类别 常见的系动词 例句
(2)表示变化的连系动词 become 变成，grow 渐渐变得，go 变成，get 变得，turn 变得 It gets warm in spring. 春天天气变暖了。
She becomes more beautiful. 她变得更漂亮了。
The leaves turned red. 叶子变红了。
(3)表示感官、表象的系动词 smell 闻起来，sound 听起来，look 看起来，appear 看来，feel 摸起来，taste 尝起来，seem 似乎是 The dish tastes delicious. 这道菜尝起来很美味。
The music sounds wonderful. 音乐听起来很棒。
3. 助动词
助动词本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，与主要动词连用构成谓语，表示否定、疑问、时态、语态等。常见的助动词有be，do，have，will，shall等。用法如下：
助动词 用法和例句
be (1)进行时态：I am running. 我在跑步。
(2)被动语态：The tree was cut down by the man. 这棵树被那个人砍倒了。
(3)将来时态：Where are you going to have a picnic 你们打算在哪里野餐
助动词 用法和例句
have (1)完成时态：What have you done 你做了什么
(2)完成被动语态：The movie has been played for everyone to enjoy. 电影已经被播放给每个人欣赏。
do (1)构成疑问句：Do you like this movie 你喜欢这部电影吗
(2)构成否定句：I didn’t know about it. 我不知道它。
(3)表示之前所说的动作，避免重复：I don’t like it. Neither does he. 我不喜欢它，他也不喜欢。
(4)用在动词前加强语气：Do be careful. 千万小心。
　　4. 情态动词
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
(1)情态动词的特点：
①绝大多数情态动词无人称和数的变化(have to除外)。
②情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形，即“情态动词＋动词原形”。否定式构成是在其后面加not，即“情态动词＋not＋动词原形”。
③个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去、现在或将来。
(2)情态动词的分类：
①只作情态动词： can，could，may，might，must
②可作情态动词，也可作实义动词： need
③可作情态动词，也可作助动词： will，would，shall，should
④特殊的情态动词： have to，ought to
(3)情态动词的用法
can & could
①表示有能力做某事，意为“能够；会”。He can swim. 他会游泳。
—Can you sing this song 你会唱这首歌吗
—No，I can’t. 不，我不会。
②表示许可或请求许可，意为“可以”。Can I come in 我能进来吗
③表示推测，一般用在疑问句或否定句中。can’t be表示否定推测，意为“不可能”。
Can the news be true 这消息可能是真的吗
Mr Zhang can’t be in the office. He has gone to the library. 张先生不可能在办公室。他已经去图书馆了。
④could为can的过去式，它可以代替can用于现在时态，但语气较为客气、委婉。
Could I borrow your book 我能借一下你的书吗
may & might
①表示许可或请求许可，意为“可以”。
You may come if you wish. 如果你愿意的话你可以来。
May I come in 我能进来吗
②在回答以may提问的问句时，肯定回答一般用can或“Yes，please./Certainly./Sure./Of course.”，否定回答根据说话人的语气由强到弱分别选用： mustn’t/can’t/had better not。
—May I play basketball 我能打篮球吗
—No，you mustn’t. You must finish your homework first.
不，你不能。你必须先完成你的家庭作业。
③表示可能性或推测，意为“可能；也许”，用于肯定句。
It may rain later this afternoon. 今天下午晚些时候可能会下雨。
④表示祝愿。May you have a bright future! 祝你有一个美好的未来!
【辨析】may be与maybe
在may be中，may是情态动词，be是动词原形，两者构成完整的谓语形式，表示“可能是；也许是”，一般用在句中；maybe是副词，表示“可能；也许”，一般用在句首。
He may be at home.=Maybe he is at home. 他可能在家。
must
①意为“必须”，强调说话人的主观意识。否定形式mustn’t，意为“不要，不能，禁止”，语气强烈。
We must be quiet in the library. 我们在图书馆必须保持安静。
You mustn’t park here. 你不能在这里停车。
②表示推测，意为“一定是”，一般用于肯定句中。
She looks pale. She must be ill. 她看起来脸色苍白，她一定生病了。
③在回答以must提问的疑问句时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t或don’t need to/don’t have to。
—Must I do my homework tonight 我必须今晚做家庭作业吗
—Yes，you must. 是的，你必须做。
—No，you needn’t./No，you don’t have/need to. 不，你不需要。
need
①意为“需要；必要”，作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句中。
You needn’t worry. 你不需要担心。
Need I wash the clothes this afternoon 今天下午我需要洗这些衣服吗
②在回答以need提问的疑问句时，肯定回答一般用must，否定回答用needn’t/don’t need to/don’t have to。
—Need I finish my homework on time 我需要按时完成我的家庭作业吗
—Yes，you must. 是的，你必须。
—No，you needn’t. 不，你没必要。
【拓展】need还可作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化。
①如果人作主语，一般后接动词不定式，即need to do sth. 。
We need to study hard to realize our dream. 我们需要努力学习去实现我们的梦想。
②如果物作主语，一般用need doing或need to be done。
The room needs cleaning.=The room needs to be cleaned. 房间需要被清理。
have to
①意为“必须；不得不”，强调客观条件使得必须这样做。
I have to see the doctor. 我不得不去看医生。
②有人称、数和时态的变化。
She has to give up her job because of her illness. 由于她的疾病，她不得不放弃她的工作。
The boy had to go home himself. 这个男孩不得不独自回家。
shall & should
①shall 用于疑问句，表示征求对方意见，此时常用第一人称。
Shall we sing an English song 我们唱首英文歌曲好吗
②should 意为“应该”，用于各种人称，表示根据常理认为是对的事或应该去做的事。
We should protect the environment. 我们应该保护环境。
will & would
①will表示主语的决心或意愿。I will do my best to help you. 我将尽我最大努力帮助你。
②Would you please… 意为“请你……好吗 ”表示客气的请求。
Would you like (to do) sth. 意为“你想要做某事/某物吗 ”
Would you mind doing sth. 意为“你介意做某事吗 ”
Would you please pass me the book 请把书递给我好吗
Would you like (to eat) some noodles 你想吃些面条吗
Would you mind opening the window 你介意打开窗户吗
had better
意为“应该；最好”，后接不带to的不定式，其用法相当于情态动词，动词had没有人称或数的变化。had better常用来提出建议。
You had better take an umbrella. It looks like it’s going to rain. 你最好带把伞，看起来要下雨了。
You had better not eat too much junk food. It’s bad for your health. 你最好不要吃太多垃圾食品，这对你的健康不好。
二、动词短语
由两个或两个以上的单词构成一个短语，具有动词的意义和功能，这样的短语叫动词短语，相当于一个动词。如：run out，care about，put off，come up with，lose weight，take care of，keep in touch，have a fever，get used to等。常见的构成方式如下：
构成方式 常见短语
动词＋冠词＋名词 take a photo 拍一张照片，catch a cold 患感冒，have a try 试一试，
keep a record 保持纪录，leave a message 留言，make a face 做鬼脸，
make a living 谋生，make a speech 进行演讲，take a risk 冒险
构成方式 常见短语
动词＋名词 catch fire 着火，make repairs 维修，do sports 做运动，
take action 采取行动，take measures 采取措施，take place 发生/举行
动词＋名词＋介词 make contributions to 对……做贡献，make room for 给……腾地方，
make use of 利用，make contact with 和……接触/联系，
make friends with 和……交朋友，take pride in 以……为自豪，
take care of 照顾，catch sight of 看见，catch hold of 抓住，pay attention to 注意
构成方式 常见短语
动词＋介词＋名词 come into use 开始使用，get into trouble 陷入麻烦，
play with fire 玩火/冒险，wait in line 排队等候
动词＋宾语＋介词＋名词 bring…to mind 使想起，put…into use 应用，take…for example 以……为例
动词＋副词＋介词 add up to 合计达，break away from 脱离，come up with 想出/提出，
catch up with 赶上/追上，go ahead with 开始/着手，go along with 一起去，
look forward to 期待，keep away from 远离，look down upon 瞧不起，
run out of 用完
备考精练
03
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. You should ____________(apology) for being rude.
2. Scientists ____________(mixture) different chemicals and ____________(comparison) their reactions under heat.
3. Many people ____________(become) homeless and some ____________(dead) of diseases in the flood last month.
4. Would you please ____________(speech) slowly and ____________(explanation) this scientific theory clearly
apologize
mix
compare
became
died
speak
explain
5. He doesn’t __________(careful) about what others think and ____________(active).
6. Students who ____________(performance) well in communication often ____________(impressive) others.
7. You can _________(discovery) new species and __________ (lock) some nature secrets in rainforest.
8. People sometimes _________________(understand) each other without communication.
care
act
perform
impress
discover
unlock
misunderstand
9. If you ________(asleep) late，will you still _________(awake) up early for work
10. How heavy does a panda ____________(weight) at birth
11. You can’t ____________(pleasant) everyone around you，so just be yourself.
12. Do you ____________(belief) that unexpected gifts ____________(surprising) children the most
13. We’ll _________(across) the bridge and _________(arrival) at the village before sunset.
14. Great restaurants ____________(service) delicious food，so customers seldom ____________(complaint).
15. How do they ________(success) in working out the problem
sleep
wake
weigh
please
believe
surprise
cross
arrive
serve
complain
succeed
二、阅读理解。(2025·河北)
Some people see oysters(牡蛎) as delicious food. But some raise oysters to clean up the polluted seawater. Amy，a 15-year-old girl，is one of them. She has won a master oyster gardener prize this year. She thinks oysters are really helpful. They are environmental stars.
“I knew nothing about oyster gardening when I started in 2022. I learned all of this after I completed a free course about it. The course is about raising oysters in cages(笼子)，” Amy says.
There used to be lots of oysters in coastal waters. But their numbers have diminished. This is mainly because of some natural disasters. Oyster gardening is a way to help. “Anyone can join，” an oyster gardening researcher Liz Black says.
“You don’t have to do a lot to take care of your oysters，but the influence they have on the environment is huge，” Amy says.
During the oyster gardening season，Amy and her mom go to the beach. There Amy has nine cages. “Once a week I go out there，” she says. She pulls the cages from the water to check conditions of the oysters.
This spring，Amy’s oysters will be big enough to be collected. Amy will go with Liz to pick them up. Oysters that are collected will then be “planted” on the reefs(珊瑚礁). So far，Amy has raised more than 1，500 oysters. She’s a great leader of oyster gardening and a great supporter，too.
(　　)1. What does Amy think of oysters
A.Huge. B.Clean.
C.Helpful. D.Delicious.
C
(　　)2. When did Amy get to know about raising oysters
A.After she joined a research team.
B.After she won a competition.
C.After she attended a free course.
D.After she cleaned up the seawater.
(　　)3. What does the underlined word “diminished” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Grown. B.Fallen.
C.Disappeared. D.Remained.
C
B
(　　)4. Why does Amy pull the cages out of water weekly
A.To feed the oysters. B.To mix the oysters.
C.To check the oysters. D.To name the oysters.
(　　)5. What is the best title for the text
A.A Cage Maker
B.A Master Prize
C.An Oyster Festival
D.An Oyster Gardener
C
D
三、语法填空。(2025·广东改编)
Lily works as a main cook in a famous restaurant. It was her mom who guided her into the world of cooking.
When she was a little girl，Lily spent a lot of time with Mom in the kitchen. She remembered that she would always sit there 1._________ watch Mom cooking. She was curious about 2.____________ Mom was busy with. When she was older，she 3.____________(allow) to do easy tasks like beating eggs. Later on，while Mom was making dumplings，Lily would help cut vegetables 4.___________ a small knife. She also learned how to make dumplings of 5.____________(difference) shapes. To a girl of her age，cooking was real magic.
and
what
was allowed
with
different
As Lily grew up，she learned more about food and tried cooking 6._______________(difficult) dishes than before. After finishing college，she decided 7.____________(work) in a restaurant. With wild imagination，she came up with many new ideas and started to create 8.___________(she) own dishes. So far，she 9.____________(invent) many dishes with special tastes. All these dishes are popular with customers.
Today，the kitchen is still 10.____________ place for Lily and Mom to have fun together. Every time before a family dinner party，they will cooperate to plan a menu. Cooking has kept their mother-daughter relationship strong.
more difficult
to work
her
has invented
a

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