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专题十　句子种类：简单句、并列句与主从复合句
目录
CONTENTS
02 课堂精讲
03 备考精练
01 思维导图
思维导图
01
课堂精讲
02
一、句子种类
1. 简单句：由主语＋谓语(或be＋表语)构成的句子。如：
I often read books in the school library. 我经常在学校图书馆读书。
2. 并列句：由并列连词把两个或多个简单句连在一起构成的句子。如：
The rain stopped suddenly，so we decided to go for a walk in the park. 雨突然停了，所以我们决定去公园散步。
3. 主从复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。如：
I know that she will come tomorrow. 我知道她明天会来。(宾语从句)
He stayed at home because he was ill. 他因为生病待在了家里。(状语从句)
二、简单句
1. 基本句型
结构 例句
(1)主语＋谓语(谓语为不及物动词). The sun rises. 太阳升起来了。
(2)主语＋谓语＋宾语. She opened the window. 她打开了窗 户。
(3)主语＋系动词＋表语. He seems very busy. 他看上去很忙。
结构 例句
(4)主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语. My mother bought me a dress. 我妈妈给我买了一条裙子。
(5)主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语. We elected him monitor. 我们选他当班长。
He painted the door red. 他把门漆成了红色。
2. 简单句的种类：按用途分类可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
(1)陈述句：陈述句用来说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 ①主语＋系动词＋表语. He seems very angry. 他看起来很生气。
②主语＋谓语(＋其他). She works in a hospital. 她在一家医院工作。
句式 结构 例句
否定句 ①否定谓语(常见) I don’t think she likes it. 我不认为她喜欢它。
②否定主语 Nobody knows where she is. 没有人知道她在哪。
③否定宾语 She knows nothing about him. 她一点也不了解他。
④否定宾语补足语 Our teacher often tells us not to give up our dreams.
我们的老师经常告诉我们不要放弃梦想。
⑤否定状语 My pen was lost and I could find it nowhere.
我的钢笔丢了，我到处都找不到它。
(2)疑问句：疑问句用来提出问题，包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
种类 结构 例句
一般疑 问句 Be/Have/Do＋主语＋谓语＋… 用Yes或No来回答。 Did you have a good time at school 你在学校过得开心吗
Can you finish your work on time
你能按时完成工作吗
种类 结构 例句
特殊疑 问句 疑问副词(When/ Where/Why/…)＋陈述句语序＋… Where does he go to school 他在哪里上学
When will Peter come to school 彼特什么时候来学校
疑问代词(Who/Whom)＋陈述句语序… Who broke the glass 谁打破了玻璃
Whose car is under the tree 树下的车是谁的
特殊疑问词(组)＋一般疑问句语序 How do you study English 你是怎么学习英语的
种类 结构 例句
选择疑 问句 一般疑问句＋or＋另一个选择对象 Would you like some tea or coffee
你想喝点茶还是咖啡
特殊疑问句，A or B Which do you prefer，tea or coffee
你更喜欢哪一个，茶还是咖啡
反意疑 问句 陈述句，＋简短问句 (前肯后否，前否后肯) You often go swimming in summer，don’t you
你常在夏天去游泳，是吗
Tina didn’t quarrel with her younger brother，did she
Tina没有和她的弟弟吵架，是吗
【小结】特殊疑问句的疑问词组(how短语)
疑问词组 含义 用法 疑问词组 含义 用法
how many 多少 提问数量，后跟可数名词复数 how much 多少(钱) ①提问数量，后跟不可数名词
②询问价钱
how soon 多久 提问将来时间，答语用“in＋一段时间” how long 多长 ①提问时间，答语用“for＋一段时间”或“since＋过去时间点”
②提问物体的长度
how far 多远 提问距离 how ften 多久一次 提问频率
how old 多大 提问年龄 how arge 多大 询问面积
(3)祈使句：祈使句通常用于提出请求、建议或发出命令等。
形式 结构 例句
肯定 形式 (Please＋)动词原形＋其他. Please go over your exam papers once again before handing them in.
请在交卷前再仔细检查一遍你的试卷。
Please listen to me carefully!请认真听我说!
Be＋形容词. Be careful! 小心!
形式 结构 例句
肯定 形式 Do＋动词原形.(加强语气，表“务必，一定”) Do remember to lock the door when you leave.
你离开时务必记得锁门。
Do be quiet in the library，please. 请在图书馆里一定保持安静。
Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他. Let me have a try. 让我试一下吧。
形式 结构 例句
否定 形式 Don’t/Never＋动词原形＋其他. Don’t be nervous when you are driving. 当你开车时不要紧张。
Never give up easily when facing difficulties.
当面对困难时绝不要轻易放弃。
No＋名词/动名词. No food or drinks. 禁止携带食物和饮料。
No smoking!禁止吸烟!
Don’t let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他.=Let＋宾语＋not＋动词原形＋其他. Don’t let him go there alone.=Let him not go there alone.
不要让他单独去那里。
(4)感叹句：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、赞美、厌恶或愤怒等情绪。
类型 结构 例句
以how 引导 How＋形容词/副词(＋主语＋谓语＋其他)! How beautiful the sunset is! 日落多美啊!
How quickly he runs!他跑得真快啊!
How＋主语＋谓语(＋其他)! How time flies!时间过得真快啊!
类型 结构 例句
以what 引导 What＋形容词＋名词复数(＋主语＋谓语＋其他)! What beautiful flowers these are!这些花多漂亮啊!
What＋形容词＋不可数名词(＋主语＋谓语＋其他)! What bad weather it is today!今天的天气多糟糕啊!
What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数(＋主语＋谓语＋其他)! What a lovely dog it is!一只多可爱的狗啊!
三、并列句
并列句是由并列连词把两个或两个以上平等又独立的简单句连接而成，句子中常用的并列连词如下：
作用 连词 例句
并列关系 and和 She is smart and hard-working. 她既聪明又勤奋。
both…and… (两者)都 She is both smart and hard-working. 她既聪明又勤奋。
not only…but also… 不仅……而且…… This book is not only interesting but also educational.
这本书不仅有趣，而且有教育意义。
neither…nor… 既不……也不…… She seemed neither surprised nor worried. 她似乎既不惊讶也不担心。
作用 连词 例句
转折关系 but但是 I am tired but happy. 我很累但很开心。
因果关系 so所以 He forgot to take his umbrella so he got wet.
他忘了带伞，所以淋湿了。
for是因为 He looked pale for he might have stayed up too late.
他脸色苍白，因为他可能熬夜到太晚了。
选择关系 or或者 Are you coming or not 你来还是不来
either…or… 或者……或者…… I’ll take either the red one or the blue one. 我要红色的或者蓝色的。
四、主从复合句
1. 宾语从句
宾语从句属于名词性从句，在句子中起名词的作用，相当于一个名词词组，在全句中充当主句的宾语。宾语从句的三要素：引导词、从句的时态和从句的语序。
(1)引导词
引导词 作用 例句
①that 本身无意义，只起连接作用，口语中可省略 Lily says (that) she wants to be a teacher.
莉莉说她想成为一名老师。
引导词 作用 例句
②连接代词(what/which/who/whose/whom) 在从句中作一定的成分，如：主语、宾语、定语某成分 Do you know who the man in black is
你知道那位穿黑衣服的男士是谁
吗 (作宾语)
Tom asked me whose bike it was.
汤姆问我这是谁的单车。(作定语)
引导词 作用 例句
③连接副词(when/where/why/how等) 在从句中作状语 Could you tell me where the bus stop is
你能告诉我公共汽车站在哪里吗
He explained why he was late. 他解释了为什么他会迟到。
④连接词if/whether 意为“是否”，不可省略，句尾有or not时用 whether He asked me whether Lucy liked swimming or not.
他问我Lucy是否喜欢游泳。
Do you know if he will come tomorrow
你知道他是否明天会来吗
(2)时态
三大原则 主句时态 从句时态 例句
①需要性原则 主句为现在时(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时) 从句时态随句意，根据表达需要可选用任意时态 We all want to know if she will come to help us.
我们都想知道她是否会来帮助我们。
I remember he sent me a birthday present yesterday.
我记得他昨天送给我一个生日礼物。
He has told me that he’ll leave for Beijing tomorrow.
他已经告诉我他明天去北京。
三大原则 主句时态 从句时态 例句
②呼应性原则 当主句为过去时(包括一般过去时、过去进行时等) 从句一般过去时 I didn’t know when he met my parents.
我不知道他什么时候见了我父母。
从句过去进行时 Could you tell us what you were doing yesterday morning 你能告诉我昨天早上你在做什么吗
三大原则 主句时态 从句时态 例句
②呼应性原则 当主句为过去时(包括一般过去时、过去进行时等) 从句过去将来时 I asked the teacher where the meeting would be.
我问了老师会议将在哪里开。
从句过去完成时 She said she had missed the school bus.
她说她已经错过了校车。
三大 原则 主句时态 从句时态 例句
③特殊性原则 从句如果表示客观真理、客观事实时，不管什么时候都用一般现在时 The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
(3)语序
宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序，即“连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他部分”。
①有些疑问词作句子的主语，但这些疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，在变宾语从句时，语序无须变化。如：
Do you know what has happened over there 你知道那边发生了什么事吗
Do you know what’s wrong with him 你知道他怎么了吗
②宾语从句的否定转移
如果主句的主语是第一人称Ⅰ，谓语动词是think，believe，suppose等，而从句的意思是否定时，主句的谓语动词用否定式，从句用肯定式。如：
I don’t think you are right. 我认为你是不对的。
I don’t believe you can finish the task on time. 我认为你不能按时完成任务。
③宾语从句的简化
当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know，remember，forget，learn，ask，tell，show，teach等时，从句可简化为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。
We don’t know where we should go.=We don’t know where to go. 我们不知道去哪里。
④如果复合句中的宾语从句很长，那么可以用it作形式宾语，以免句子头重脚轻。
He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English. 他很明确地说他更喜欢学英语。
2. 状语从句
状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句可以表示时间、条件、原因、地点、比较、目的、结果、让步、方式等意义。
种类 连接词(短语) 例句
时间状语从句 when，while，as，as soon as，since，until，till，after，before等 I was doing my homework when my mother came back.
我正在写作业时，我妈妈回来了。
While I was cooking，my brother was doing homework.
我在做饭时，我弟弟在写家庭作业。
As I walked into the room，the light suddenly went out.
当我走进房间时，灯突然灭了。
种类 连接词 (短语) 例句
条件状语从句 if，unless，as long as If you don’t get up early，you won’t catch the early bus.
如果你不早起，就赶不上早班车。
You will fall behind your classmates unless you work harder.
除非你更用功，否则会落后于你的同学。
种类 连接词 (短语) 例句
原因状语从句 as，because，since She was late for school because her bike broke down.
她上学迟到了，因为她的自行车坏了。
He left early as he felt tired. 他早早离开因为他感到累了。
地点状语从句 where Put it where we can all see it. 把它放在我们能看到的地方。
比较状语从句 than，(not)as…as The work isn’t as easy as I thought. 这项工作不如我想的那么简单。
They have more books than we(have). 他们的书比我们的多。
种类 连接词 (短语) 例句
目的状语从句 so that，in order that Finish this work so that you can start another.
完成这项工作，以便你能开始下一项。
Mary studies hard in order that she can get into a better high school.
玛丽努力学习，为了能进入一所更好的高中。
种类 连接词 (短语) 例句
结果状语从句 so…that…， such…that… The movie was so interesting that we watched it twice.
这部电影太有趣了，以至于我们看了两遍。
She is such a lovely girl that everyone wants to make friends with her.
她是一个如此可爱的女孩，以至于每个人都想和她交朋友。
种类 连接词 (短语) 例句
让步状语从句 though，although，even if/though，疑问词＋ever Although/Though he is very tired，he is still practising the piano.
尽管他很累，但他仍在练钢琴。
Even though/Even if it was raining hard，they went on working.
虽然雨下得很大，但他们仍继续工作。
Whatever you say，I’ll believe you. 无论你说什么，我都会相信你。
方式状语从句 as Students do as the teachers say. 学生按老师说的做。
(1)在时间状语从句(since除外)和条件状语从句中，从句常用一般现在时表将来，即：主将从现。
(2)结果状语从句的两种句式：“so＋形容词/副词＋that从句…”与“such(＋a/an)＋形容词＋名词＋that从句”意为“如此……以至于……”。
Tom is so strong that he plays basketball well.
=Tom is such a strong boy that he plays basketball well. 汤姆很强壮，篮球打得好。
(3)让步状语从句中though/although与but不能同时出现在一个句子里；原因状语从句because与so不能同时出现在一个句子里。
特别提醒：
3. 定语从句
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。如：
(1)I love the gift←that my mother gave me.(gift 是先行词，that是关系代词)
(2)She is the girl←who comes from the UK.(girl是先行词，who是关系代词)
定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose和关系副词when，why，where关系代词和关系副词是引导词，在定语从句中有三个作用：①连接主从句；②指代先行词；③在从句中充当某一成分。
具体用法如下：
关系词 先行词 功能 例句
关系 代词 that 人；物 充当主语或宾语 Rose likes music that is quiet and gentle. 罗丝喜欢安静轻柔的音乐。
which 物 充当主语或宾语 The building which stands near the road is our school.
靠近马路的那栋楼是我们的学校。
关系词 先行词 功能 例句
关系 代词 who 人 充当主语或宾语 Do you know the man who is running
你认识那个在跑步的那位男士吗
whom 人 充当 宾语 The girl whom you met here is my daughter.
你在这里遇到的那个女孩是我女儿。
whose 人 充当定语 The watch whose strap is broken is Tom’s.
表带坏了的那块手表是汤姆的。
关系词 先行词 功能 例句
关系 副词 when 时间 充当时间状语 I will never forget the days when I worked in the school.
我永远不会忘记在学校工作的那些日子。
why 原因 充当原因状语 Please tell me the reason why you didn’t finish your homework.
请告诉我你没完成作业的原因。
where 地点 充当地点状语 That is the house where he used to live. 那就是他曾经住过的房子。
备考精练
03
一、用合适的词填空。
1. The teacher asked us _______________(not make) noise.
2. —____________ do you often go swimming
—Because it is good for my health.
3. No ____________(smoke) in this area.
4. ____________ delicious the cake tastes!
5. Both my father ____________ my mother are teachers.
6. You can either take the bus ____________ ride a bike to school.
not to make
Why
smoking
How
and
or
7. She is not only smart ____________ also very kind.
8. Neither John ____________ his friends like spicy food.
9. Hurry up，____________ you will be late for school.
10. She didn’t go to school yesterday，____________ she had a high fever.
11. She was so tired ____________ she fell asleep immediately.
12. She didn’t eat anything ________________ she was hungry.
but
nor
or
because
that
though/although
13. Can you tell me ____________ the nearest post office is
14. We should hurry ____________ we want to miss the train.
15. He asked me ____________ I could go skiing with him.
where
unless
if/whether
二、六选五。(2025·湖南改编)
A.Be friendly to others.
B.Here’s how to get started.
C.They help you meet more people.
D.Work hard and make yourself better.
E.Think about things you enjoy at school.
F.You will know more about what is happening at school through it.
Make a Difference to Your School
Your school offers great chances to study，make friends and try new things. Each term，you have time to use these chances. Also，there is time to think of ways to make a difference to your school. 1.____________
Learn more about your school. To learn what happens around your school，join teams of your school or clubs and take part in activities. 2.___________ These people can give you a better understanding of your school. For example，if your school has a student newspaper，check it out or consider joining it. 3.____________
B
C
F
Find a need and take action. 4.____________ Maybe you enjoy playing volleyball after class. Now think about ways to make this activity even better. You might wish your school to provide more volley balls for students to use. Once you have your idea，talk to your school to see if students could help. You could offer to hold a book sale to buy sports equipment(器材).
5.____________ It may seem simple，but being friendly to others can help create a good environment. This includes saying thank you when a student helps you，cleaning up any mess you make，and saying hello to others in the hallways. A good attitude(态度) can spread.
E
A
三、语法填空。(2025·吉林改编)
Zhang Lei，a fifteen-year-old boy，is an animal lover. He saved 1.____________ elephant that was in great danger.
On March 13th，2020，Zhang Lei heard a baby elephant lost 2.____________(it) mother and the living place. He wanted to save the poor animal. Zhang Lei used his pocket money to help it. Later，the elephant 3.___________(send) to a local zoo. The zoo could give it a much 4.____________(good) place to live in than before.
an
its
was sent
better
Look! What is Zhang Lei doing now
He is playing with the elephant in the zoo.
Every weekend，Zhang Lei and his friends visit and take care of the elephant. It grows up 5.__________(healthy) there.
Zhang Lei also enjoys 6.____________(spend) time with other animals. He decides to help more animals. Trees are sometimes cut down by people，7.________ animals lose their homes. Zhang Lei hopes to stop this. Many children have the same idea. They expect 8.____________(join) him quickly.
healthily
spending
so
to join
“Protecting animals needs many 9.____________ (volunteer). I’ll always be one of them，” said Zhang Lei. “Though there’s a long way to go to save the endangered animals，I’ll never give 10.____________. My journey has just begun.”
volunteers
up

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