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专题十一　主谓一致
目录
CONTENTS
02 课堂精讲
03 备考精练
01 思维导图
思维导图
01
课堂精讲
02
一、语法一致原则
句子的主语是单数形式，谓语动词要用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。如：She has a book. 她有一本书。They have some books. 他们有一些书。
语法解读 例句
当主语含有with，together with，as well as，besides，except，but，like(像)等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词取决于介词前的主语，称为“就远原则” Everyone except Tom has been to the Great Wall.
除汤姆外，每个人都去过长城。
John with his family sometimes goes to the park.
约翰和他的家人有时会去公园。
语法解读 例句
单个动词不定式、动名词、从句或不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数 What we does is good for our society.
我们所做的对我们的社会有益。
Running is enjoyable.
跑步是很享受的。
语法解读 例句
不定代词somebody，someone，something，anybody，anyone，anything，everybody，everyone，everything，nobody，no one，nothing，each，every＋n. 作主语时，谓语动词用单数 Lucy，someone is waiting for you at the gate.
露西，有人在大门口等你。
Everything needs to be put in order.
每件东西都要被摆放整齐。
语法解读 例句
neither of，either，each(one)，every one，the other作主语时，谓语动词用单数 Neither of them likes running.
他们两个都不喜欢跑步。
Every one of the students is studying hard.
每个学生都在努力学习。
语法解读 例句
news，politics，maths，physics等词，虽然形式上是以s结尾，但表示的意义是单数，谓语动词要用单数形式。相反，people，children等词形式上是单数形式，但表示复数意义，谓语动词要用复数形式 Maths is my favorite subject.
数学是我最喜欢的学科。
The children love playing games in the park after school.
孩子们放学后喜欢在公园玩游戏。
语法解读 例句
由and，both…and…连接的两个名词作主语，表示两个不同的人或物时，谓语动词用复数。指同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数 The painter and the writer have come to our school.
画家和作家都到了我们学校。(指两个人)
The painter and writer has come to our school.
那个画家兼作家到了我们学校。(指一个人两重身份)
语法解读 例句
clothes，trousers，pants，shorts，shoes，gloves等作主语时，谓语动词用复数；但如果有量词 a kind of，a piece of，a pair of 等词修饰时，则依量词的单复数来定 The shoes look nice.这鞋看上去很漂亮。
The pair of glasses is expensive. 这副眼镜很贵。
Three pairs of shorts were bought for the summer camp.
为夏令营买了三条短裤。
二、意义一致原则
意义一致即谓语动词该用单数还是复数取决于主语所表达的内容在含义上是单数意义还是复数意义。如：The Chinese are hard-working. 中国人是勤劳的。
语法解读 例句
表示时间、距离、价 格、重量、数目、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数 Ten years has passed since we met last time.
从我们上次见面到现在已经十年了。
Ten kilograms is heavy for him to carry.
对他来说10千克是很重的，他搬不了。
语法解读 例句
“the＋形容词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式 The old are looked after well in this old people’s house.
在这家养老院，老人们被照顾得很好。
The young are full of energy. 年轻人充满了活力。
“the＋姓的复数形式”表示一家人或者夫妇两个，谓语动词用复数 The Greens are going to Germany next week.
格林一家打算下周去德国。
The Blacks are on their holiday. 布莱克一家正在度假。
语法解读 例句
集体名词family，class， team，group，enemy，police，population等表示整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；表示成员时，谓语动词用复数 My family means everything to me.
对我来说我的家庭意味着一切。
Now Class One are having a basketball match.
现在一班的学生在进行篮球比赛。
语法解读 例句
名词性物主代词mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，theirs等作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于动词后名词的数：动词后名词是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；动词后名词为复数，谓语动词用复数形式 His is a new bike.
他的是一辆新自行车。
Ours are old bikes.
我们的是些旧自行车。
三、就近原则
neither…nor…，either…or，not only…but also，not…but…以及there be连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词跟它靠近的主语单复数一致。如：
Neither I nor she likes listening to this song. 她和我都不喜欢听这首歌。
There is a book and two pens on the table. 在桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。
1. the number of与a number of
the number of意为“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。如：
The number of the students in our class is 50. 我们班学生的人数是50。
a number of意为“许多，大量”，作主语时谓语动词用复数。
A number of students in our class are active. 我们班大多数的学生都很活跃。
特别提醒：名词单数与复数的一些特殊情况
2. 分数作主语时，依名词的单复数而定。若所修饰的名词是单数，则谓语动词用单数；若所修饰的名词是复数，则谓语动词用复数。
Three quarters of the earth is covered with water. 地球四分之三的地方都被水覆盖。
One half of the students have passed the exam. 有一半学生通过了考试。
备考精练
03
一、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Our team won the championship. The news ____________(be) very exciting today.
2. Everyone in our class ____________(have) a task to do.
3. Ten dollars ___________(be) enough for lunch at the school.
4. The Smiths ____________(have) dinner with their friends now.
5. This pair of socks ____________(feel) smooth.
is
has
is
are having
feels
6. The number of students in our school ____________(be) increasing every year.
7. Look! A number of students ____________(play) basketball in the playground.
8. Three quarters of the cake ____________(eat) by the hungry children just now.
9. The young in China ____________(be) positive and full of energy nowadays.
is
are playing
was eaten
are
10. Tom，together with his friends，___________(be) on a trip to Beijing.
11. Either you or he _____(be) wrong about the meeting time.
12. Not only the teacher but also the students ___________(be) happy with the results.
13. There ____________(be) a book and two pens on the desk.
14. Reading books ____________(be) good for your mind.
15. What he said ____________(make) me angry because it was very rude.
is
is
are
is/was
is
made
二、阅读理解。(2025·天津改编)
Lanternfish(灯笼鱼) are fish that carry their own lights. Most lanternfish are brown on top and silver underneath(在下面). They have very large eyes. They eat small sea animals.
If you want to find them，you must go deep into the sea. As you go deeper and deeper，the daylight becomes dimmer and dimmer. At over 152 metres below the surface(表面) of the water，the daylight is almost gone. The water is dark blue. There you will find lanternfish.
There are over 230 different kinds of lanternfish in the world. Most lanternfish are just as long as your fingers. Even the biggest lanternfish are only about 15 centimeters long. They are not large in size.
However，each lanternfish has about 100 small round lights on the lower part of its body. The fish use their lights to help them catch food. They also use their lights to send information so that they can recognize(认出) each other. At night，they may swim up near the surface of the sea. Their lights shine like stars under the water.
Lanternfish are one of the wonders of the sea.
(　　)1. What is the colour of most lanternfish on top
A.Browm. B.Green.
C.Red. D.Silver.
(　　)2. What does the underlined word “dimmer” mean in Paragraph 2
A.Quicker. B.Easier.
C.Richer. D.Darker.
(　　)3. How many kinds of lanternfish are there in the world
A.Over 152. B.Over 230.
C.About 15. D.About 100.
A
D
B
(　　)4. In order to recognize each other，what do lanternfish also use lights to do
A.They use lights to drink water.
B.They use lights to find food.
C.They use lights to send information.
D.They use lights to fall asleep.
(　　)5. In which part of a magazine can we find the passage
A.Art. B.Space.
C.Health. D.Nature.
C
D
三、语法填空。(2025·福建)
The Great Wall，which is a symbol of our history，snakes across a mountain area of Tianzhu，Gansu Province. Thirty-nine protectors work 1.____________(careful) in the area to protect the great wonder.
With 2.__________ history of over 2，000 years，the wall in Gansu wasn’t in good condition. Nature did great harm to the wall. Some 3.____________(part) of the wall were washed away by heavy rains and blown away by strong winds. People in some places also harmed it.
carefully
a
parts
But things started to change. In 2006，Great Wall Protection Regulations(条例) 4.___________(come) into effect. After that，more and more people started to take part 5._____ caring for the wall. In recent years，the government of Tianzhu has spent more and more money 6.____________ (protect) the wall. Modern technology like self-driven sensing technology 7.____________ drones(无人机) have also been used to watch the wall.
came
in
protecting
and
With all these efforts，the protectors are still busy with the work. Every week they guard the wall，and any changes are well recorded and 8.____________(report) to the government. They also help people realize it’s important to protect cultural heritage(遗产). Luckily，with 9.___________(they) hard work，much greater changes have taken place.
“As long as we are here，we will protect this wall. It is our job and our 10.____________(proud)，” said one of the protectors.
reported
their
pride

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