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专题五　形容词和副词
目录
CONTENTS
02 课堂精讲
03 备考精练
01 思维导图
思维导图
01
课堂精讲
02
一、形容词的用法
1. 形容词在句子中的作用
在句子中的作用 句中的位置 例句
作句子的定语 位于名词之前，不定代词之后 You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.
你可以在花园里看到很多美丽的花。
I have nothing important to tell you.
我没什么重要的事情告诉你。
在句子中的作用 句中的 位置 例句
作句子的表语 位于连系动词之后 Your coat is too small.你的外套太小了。
She looks happy today.她今天看上去很开心。
作宾语补足语 位于宾语之后 The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy.
那个老太太把所有的东西都收拾得干净、整齐。
作主语补足语 位于谓语之后 The prisoner was found dead in bed.那个囚犯被发现死在了床上。
2. 形容词的其他用法
(1)形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词the，表示一类人。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
The old need more care and attention from society.老年人需要社会更多的关爱和照顾。
The sick were sent to the hospital immediately.病人们被立刻送往了医院。
(2)数词的复合词形式(“数词-名词” 或 “数词-名词-形容词” 结构)作定语时需前置，结构中的名词用单数，词与词之间加连字符。如：
a five-minute walk 一段五分钟的步行路程，a two-meter-tall tree一棵两米高的树
(3)当形容词与表示空间、时间的单位连用时，形容词需置于单位之后。如：
100 miles long一百英里长，two metres high 两米高，five metres deep五米深
(4)else要放在疑问代词或复合不定代词之后。
Did you see anybody else 你看到别的人了吗
二、副词的用法
1. 副词的变化规律
变化规则 例词
(1)直接由形容词加ly构成 sad—sadly，quiet—quietly，usual—usually
(2)以辅音字母加le结尾的，去掉e，再加y terrible—terribly，simple—simply，gentle—gently
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i，再加-ly lucky—luckily，happy—happily，noisy—noisily
(4)其他变化 true—truly，full—fully，basic—basically，
scientific—scientifically
英语中有些副词存在两种形式：一种与形容词同形(不带 -ly)，另一种是加 -ly 的副词。这两种形式意义往往差异较大，具体如下：
hard 努力地—hardly 几乎不　　　
near 近—nearly几乎　　　　
late 晚，迟—lately 近来
free 免费地—freely 自由地　　　　　　
特别提醒：
high 高地(指具体高度)—highly 高度地(表抽象程度)
deep深深地(指具体深度)—deeply深深地；深刻地(指抽象情感)
wide 宽地(指具体宽度或状态)—widely 广泛地(表抽象范围)
close靠近地；紧密地(指距离近)—closely密切地；仔细地(指抽象程度或关系)
　　2. 副词的修饰作用
作 用 例 句
修饰动词 She sings beautifully.她唱歌唱得很动听。
修饰形容词 Reading is very important.阅读非常重要。
修饰副词 The car moved extremely slowly in the traffic jam.堵车时车开得极其慢。
修饰句子 Luckily，she didn’t hurt badly.幸运的是，她伤得不严重。
提醒：副词修饰形容词或另一个副词时，通常位于所修饰的词之前，但enough 例外
　　3. 副词在句子中的作用
在句子中 的作用 句中的位置 例句
用作定语 位于中心词后面 the life here 这里的生活
用作表语 位于be动词后面 I must be off now.我现在必须得离开了。
Is the fire out 火熄灭了吗
用作宾语 补足语 位于宾语 后面 I found him downstairs.我发现他在楼下。
She left the lights on.她让灯开着。
在句子中 的作用 句中的 位置 例句
用作状语 频率副词位于be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后，行为动词之前 频率状语：She is always on time for class.她上课总是很准时。
He might never agree with this plan.他可能永远不会同意这个计划。
He often goes to the gym.他经常去健身房。
程度状语：She felt slightly nervous before the speech.演讲前她有点紧张。
She is old enough to go to school.她已经足够大了，可以去上学了。
三、形容词和副词的比较等级
1. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则
(1)规则变化
不同情况 变化规则 例词
一般情况 直接加 -er，-est tall—taller—tallest，fast—faster—fastest
以不发音的字母e结尾的词 加-r，-st nice—nicer—nicest，large—larger—largest
以“辅音字母 ＋y”结尾的词 变y为i，再加-er，-est dry—drier—driest，happy—happier—happiest，early—earlier—earliest
不同情况 变化规则 例词
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词 双写辅音字母，再加-er，-est thin—thinner—thinnest，
big—bigger—biggest
多音节和部分双音节单词 在词前加 more，most delicious—more delicious—most delicious，
carefully—more carefully—most carefully
　　(2)不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly/ill worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther(距离)/further(程度 ) farthest(距离)/ furthest(程度 )
old older(“年龄更大” 或 “更旧”)/ elder(家庭成员中年龄较长的) oldest/eldest
　　2. 形容词和副词原级的用法
结构 肯定形式：as＋原级＋as 否定形式：not＋so/as＋原级＋as
应用示例 The room is as big as mine.那个房间和我的一样大。(肯定形式) English is not as/so difficult as science.英语没有科学难。(否定形式) She does not study as/so hard as I do.她学习不如我努力。(否定形式)
注意 as可以用于肯定句和否定句，so只用于否定句
　　3. 形容词和副词的比较级用法
比较方式 结构 例句
两者的简单比较 比较级＋than， 选择疑问结构 A or B She runs faster than her sister.她比她妹妹跑得快。
Which subject is more difficult，math or physics
数学和物理，哪个科目更难
两者量化比较，强调 “A 比 B 多/大/高……多少数量/几倍” 数量/倍数＋比较级＋than… She is three years older than her brother.
她比她弟弟大 3岁。
This building is twice taller than the library.
这栋楼比图书馆高两倍。
比较方式 结构 例句
两者中较突出的一个 the＋比较级＋of the two Lucy is the taller of the twin sisters.
露西是双胞胎姐妹中较高的那个。
表示程度加深，表示 “越来越……”“越……就……” 比较级＋and＋比较级 The weather is getting warmer and warmer as spring comes.
春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和。
The＋比较级…，the＋比较级… The more beautiful the scenery is，the more tourists it attracts.风景越美，吸引的游客就越多。
比较方式 结构 例句
拓展用法：比较级前加词修饰程度 比较级前用a bit，a little，much，many，far，a lot，still，even，any修饰程度，如： This dress is a bit cheaper than that one.这条裙子比那条稍微便宜点。 They arrived much earlier than planned.他们到得比计划早得多。
　　4. 形容词和副词最高级的用法
用法 例句
(1)形容词最高级前加the，副词最高级前面的the往往省略 This painting is the most valuable of all.
这幅画是所有画中最珍贵的。
He runs(the) fastest in his class.他在他的班里跑得最快。
(2)“the＋序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词＋in/of＋比较范围”结构用于表示 “在……范围内是第……最……的……” This river is the second longest waterway of the country.这条河是这个国家第二长的水道。
用法 例句
(3)one of the＋形容词最高级＋名词复数＋in/of＋比较范围，表示 “在……范围内是最……的……之一” Paris is one of the most beautiful cities in Europe.
巴黎是欧洲最美丽的城市之一。
This is the most interesting book of the five.
这是五本书中最有趣的一本。
(4)This is the＋形容词最高级＋名词(that) I have ever…，表示 “这是我曾经……过的最……的……” This is the tallest building(that) I have ever seen.
这是我曾经见过的最高的建筑。
　　5. 在英语表达中，根据不同情境的需要，同一句话可用原级、比较级、最高级三种方式表达。
Jim is the tallest(boy) in our class.(最高级) Jim是我们班上最高的男孩。
=Jim is taller than any other boy in our class.(比较级) Jim比我们班上任何一个男孩都高。
=Jim is taller than the other boys in our class.(比较级) 在我们班上Jim比其他的男孩都高。
=No one else in our class is as tall as Jim.(原级) 我们班上没有人和Jim一样高。
备考精练
03
一、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. The __________(many) vegetables he eats，the ___________ (health) he will be.
2. She was too __________(tire) to go any ____________(far).
3. This story is as ____________(surprise) as that one.
4. A _________(break) pencil is ____________(use) for writing.
5. It’s one of __________________(famous) places of interest in France.
more
healthier
tired
farther
surprising
broken
useless
the most famous
6. It’s ____________(polite) to talk ____________(loud) in the library.
7. Killing endangered animals is ____________(legal).
8. She sang for the baby ____________(gentle) to help him fall ____________(sleep).
9. You should cross the street ____________(careful) to stay safe.
10. ____________(lucky)，I found my ____________(lose) keys under the sofa.
impolite
loudly
illegal
gently
asleep
carefully
Luckily
lost
11. This morning I got up ____________(early) than usual to catch the first bus.
12. Mary was ____________(terrible) angry with Tom.
13. To live a healthier life，we should eat ____________(few) processed snacks and____________(little) fatty meat.
14. Alice sings __________(good)，and she sings ____________ (well) than John，but Mary sings ____________(well) in the class.
15. Her ____________(old) sister speaks ____________(slow) enough to make sure everyone understands her.
earlier
terribly
fewer
less
well
better
best
elder
slowly
二、阅读理解。(2025·广东)
Are mosquitoes driving you crazy
This summer，make some mint oil to drive them away!
Mosquitoes are awful.They seem to be everywhere and may bite you badly.This makes mint(薄荷) oil a perfect gift for your family and friends in summer.This weekend，you can try making mint oil FOR FREE.
Time： 9：00 a.m.— 11：50 a.m.Saturday(July 5)
Place： Riverside Community Center
Please note：
We’ll get all the tools and materials ready.
For 40 people only.First come，first served.
To book a place for the activity，please call Lucy at 345878 by 7：00 p.m.Friday.
For those who would like to practice it at home，here are the steps： ◆ Cut up the mint.Put it into a bottle with olive(橄榄) oil. ◆ Cover the bottle and place it in hot water.
◆ When the water cools down，move the bottle to a warm area and leave it there for at least two hours. ◆ Pour the mixture onto a thin piece of cotton cloth on top of a dark bottle.Let the oil go through the cloth into the bottle.Now you get your homemade mint oil.
(　　)1. When will this community event take place
A.This Friday afternoon. B.Next Friday afternoon.
C.This Saturday morning. D.Next Saturday morning.
(　　)2. How many people can take part in the activity
A.At least forty.　 B.At least fifty.
C.At most forty. D.At most fifty.
(　　)3. Why would people call Lucy before the event
A.To win a gift. B.To book a place.
C.To get mint oil. D.To buy some tools.
C
C
B
(　　)4. What is the right order of the steps
A.③→①→②→④ B.②→④→①→③
C.②→①→③→④ D.③→②→④→①
(　　)5. What is the main purpose of the passage
A.To introduce an activity.　
B.To survey the users of a product.
C.To recommend a product.　
D.To report the success of an activity.
D
A
三、语法填空。(2025·深圳南山模拟)
DeepSeek is a technology company that has recently burst onto the scene.Since it started，the company 1.____________ (create) many new products that make our lives easier.
DecpSeek uses artificial intelligence(AI) to help people experience the future of technology.AI is the main technology behind 2.____________ company.It helps machines do things 3.____________ usually need human intelligence，like learning and solving problems.
has created
the
that/which
DeepSeek is 4.____________(popular) than other AI apps in recent months.The company’s products are 5.____________ interesting that many people want to learn more about AI. Because of this，young people are becoming more interested 6.____________ technology.Even those who didn’t know much about AI before prefer 7.____________(try) it now.
In fact，companies like DeepSeek can 8.___________(call) leaders in the tech world nowadays.Using their products lets people see the 9.____________(amaze) things technology can
more popular
so
in
to try
be called
amazing
do—like making things faster，smarter and better.
The future of technology is here，and we can all be part of it.10.____________ we need to do is to show people how amazing it can be with new ideas and creative solutions.
What/All

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