资源简介

(共32张PPT)
专题一　名词
目录
CONTENTS
02 课堂精讲
03 备考精练
01 思维导图
思维导图
01
课堂精讲
02
一、可数名词
可数名词分为个体名词(如：book，apple)和集体名词(如：family，class)。可数名词有单复数之分，单数可数名词不能单独使用，其前需要加不定冠词a/an、定冠词the、指示代词this/that、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格等。
1. 可数名词单复数的规则变化
变化规则 重点例词
(1)一般情况在词尾加-s pen—pens，doctor—doctors，book—books
变化规则 重点例词
(2)在以s，sh，ch，x结尾的名词后面加-es bus—buses，dish—dishes，coach—coaches，box—boxes
特殊：stomach—stomachs
(3)以f或fe结尾的名词 将f或fe变为v，再加-es knife—knives，leaf—leaves，wolf—wolves
直接加-s roof—roofs，gulf—gulfs，giraffe—giraffes
变化规则 重点例词
(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，要将y变为i，再加-es factory—factories，country—countries，family—families，story—stories
(5)以元音字母加y结尾的名词，只加-s boy—boys，day—days，toy—toys
(6)有生命的且以辅音字母加o结尾的名词，加-es tomato—tomatoes，potato—potatoes，hero—heroes
(7)以元音字母加o结尾的名词，加-s radio—radios，zoo—zoos，bamboo—bamboos，video—videos
　　2. 可数名词单复数的不规则变化
(1)单复数形式相同，如：sheep，fish，deer 等以及汉语中的计量单位，如：jin，yuan，li。
(2)改变名词中的元音字母，如：man—men，woman—women，foot—feet，goose—geese，tooth—teeth，mouse—mice。
(3)词尾发生变化，如：child—children，ox—oxen。
(4)复合名词不规则变化：
①主体名词变复数，如：girl friends，boy students，pencil boxes；
②由man/woman＋名词构成的复合名词变复数时，两部分都变复数，如：women teachers，men singers。
(5)表示国籍，“某国人”：
①单复数同形，如：Chinese，Japanese，Swiss。
②直接加-s，如：Germans，Americans，Australians，Canadians，Indians。
③以man，woman结尾的改为men，woman，如：Englishman—Englishmen，Frenchman—Frenchmen。
特别提醒：名词单数与复数的一些特殊情况
(1)有些以s结尾的名词并不是名词的复数。常见的有 maths(数学)，physics(物理)，politics(政治)，means(方法)等；但glasses，trousers，pants，shorts，clothes 只有复数形式。
(2)部分集体名词既可以作单数，也可以作复数。集体名词看作整体时视为单数；看作整体中的成员时视为复数。如：class，family，team，group，couple。
All my family enjoy reading.我全家都喜欢阅读。
Almost every family in the country owns a television.这个国家几乎每家都有一台电视机。
(3)people 作“人们”讲时是复数形式；作“民族”讲时是单数形式，其复数形式要在词尾加-s。如：The Chinese are a hard-working people.中国人是一个勤劳的民族。
二、不可数名词
1. 不可数名词分为物质名词(如：water，time，air)和抽象名词(如：happiness，honesty)。
2. 不可数名词不能直接和表示数字的词或a/an连用，没有复数形式，但可以借助量词来表示数量，即“量词＋名词”，如：a piece of information/news/advice，a glass of water，two bowls of rice，a drop of water。
3. 常见的不可数名词：music，fun，news，information，advice，weather，homework，air，money，traffic，practice，progress，furniture 等。
注意：有些名词既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，但表达的意义不同。如：
名词 用作可数 用作不 可数 名词 用作可数 用作不
可数
paper 试卷；报纸 纸 light 灯 光
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 room 房间 空间
chicken/fish 鸡/鱼 鸡肉/鱼肉 orange 橘子 橘子汁
exercise 练习 锻炼 word 词 消息
success 成功的人/事 成功 failure 失败的人/事 失败
三、名词所有格：表示名词之间的所属关系。
1. -’s所有格：用于表示人、动物等有生命的主体对某物的拥有。
构成方法 例词
(1)单数名词后加’s my dad’s dog，Tom’s car
(2)以s结尾的复数名词后加’ the teachers’ office，her parents’ bedroom
(3)不以s结尾的复数名词后加’s Children’s Day，people’s life
构成方法 例词
(4)表示两人共同拥有，最后一个名词后加’s Mary and Peter’s desk(两人共用的桌子)
(5)表示两人各自拥有，在每个名词后加’s Mary’s and Lucy’s rooms(两人各自的房间)
(6)表示家、店铺等场所的所有格后名词可省略 my aunt’s(house)，go to the barber’s(shop)，at the doctor’s(office)
2. of所有格：主要用于表示无生命的名词，其结构为“of＋名词”，如：the roof of the house房子的 屋顶；或是名词或名词的定语(较长)，如：the opinion of the students who attended the lecture参加讲座的学生们的观点。
3. 双重所有格：构成形式为 “名词＋of＋名词性物主代词/名词所有格”，如：a teacher of mine/his/hers/yours/ours/ theirs；some friends of my father’s。
特别提醒：
(1)表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词，也可以用’s 所有格。如：today’s newspaper 今天的报纸，the world’s biggest problem 世界上最大的问题，ten minutes’ walk十分钟的步行路程，eight days’ holiday=an eight-day holiday 八天的假期。
(2)有些名词是用介词 to 来表示所有格，如：the key to the door，the way to school，the answer to the question，the solution to the problem，the key to success。
备考精练
03
一、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. My father enjoys collecting ____________(watch) from different brands.
2. We must be careful when we use ____________(knife).
3. Many ____________(country) have set up various ______________(organize) to protect endangered animals.
4. She enjoys watching funny cat ____________(video) online.
5. The little boy was playing with his ____________(toy) on the floor.
watches
knives
countries
organizations
videos
toys
6. ____________(giraffe) have long ____________(neck) to
reach ____________(leaf) high in the trees.
7. She bought three ____________(box) of biscuits，a bag of ____________(potato) and some ____________(tomato) from the market.
8. I saw two ____________(deer) drinking water by the lake，and their ____________(tooth) looked sharp.
9. There are a few ____________(mouse) and ____________ (wolf) living in the old house.
Giraffes
necks
leaves
boxes
potatoes
tomatoes
deer
teeth
mice
wolves
10. I saw some _______________(Englishman) and several ____________(Germany) in the square.
11. The farmer counted the number of ____________(sheep)
and ____________(goose).
12. In the school hall，there are 20 ________________(woman teacher) and 30_______________(girl student) preparing for the art show.
Englishmen
Germans
sheep
geese
women teachers
girl students
13. The guide told us these ____________(hero) saved many people in the disaster and that their ____________(story) were recorded in the local museum.
14. On ____________(teacher) Day，students give ___________ (flower) to their teachers.
15. ____________(Tom) new book is on the box over there，and the ____________(children) toys are in the box.
16. We celebrate ____________(father) Day to show love to our dads.
heroes
stories
Teachers’
flowers
Tom’s
children’s
Father’s
二、阅读理解。(2025·广东)
Everyone knows that forests help fight climate change. However，a recent scientific report shows that the world lost 300，000 square kilometers of forests in 2024.That’s an area about the size of Italy.
17. The table is more than eight ____________(foot) long.
18. Mary is a friend of my ____________(mother).
19. The ____________ (China) Tom visited last week were very kind and friendly.
20. They are proud of being Shenzhen ____________ (city).
feet
mother’s
Chinese
citizens
According to the report，for the first time ever，fires were the biggest cause of forest loss.　▲　 .This country has the largest area of rainforest in the world.Last year，it suffered from a long period of dry weather.Wildfires broke out and spread.As a result，about 25，000 square kilometers of the primary rainforest disappeared in the country.This meant fires caused 66% of its forest loss.
The second biggest cause of the world’s forest loss was clearing land for farming.As people need more farmland，they
keep cutting down forests every year.In 2024，the area of forest cleared for farming increased by 14% worldwide.The situation was more severe in developing countries.For example，Bolivia’s forest loss doubled in 2024.
Without doubt，something must be done.Experts call on governments，businesses and people to work together before it is too late.It seems that China has set a good example.Thanks to cooperation at many levels，China had the biggest increase in forest area among all countries in 2024.That year alone，
newly-planted trees in China covered an area of nearly 45，000 square kilometers，according to a news report.If more countries start to take action like China，the earth will become a greener planet.
(　　)1. The size of Italy is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to show __________.
A why we need forests B.where a disaster spread
C.what climate change is D.how terrible forest loss was
D
(　　)2. Which of the following can be put in “　▲　” in Paragraph 2
A.Farming is a reason. B.Take Brazil for example.
C.Wildfires were stopped. D.Read the report carefully.
(　　)3. What does the underlined word “severe” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Serious.　 B.Boring.
C.Balanced.　　 D.Positive.
B
A
(　　)4. What was the reason for the growth of China’s forest area in 2024
A.Enough land. B.Nice weather.
C.Good teamwork. D.Green technology.
(　　)5. What is the best title for the passage
A.Rainforest Became Larger　
B.Farmland Area Grew Rapidly
C.Forest Fires Caused Pollution　
D.Forest Loss Worried the World
C
D
三、语法填空。(2025·广东改编)
Mike is a landscape architect(设计师) from Europe.He came to Guangzhou 16 years ago and has never left since then.
Mike says he likes Guangzhou very much 1.____________ the city is full of life.He lives in a traditional neighborhood. Every day，he can see his neighbors 2.____________(play) chess in the park，dancing along the river or chatting in the market.Mike enjoys seeing these moments.He thinks the 3.____________(beautiful) of a city lies in both its people and
because
playing
beauty
its environment.“When people 4._______________(connect) to a place，it brings life to it，” Mike says.
Recently，Mike 5.______________(form) a habit of cycling around to explore the city at weekends.He says he loves to see old neighborhoods take on a new look.For 6.___________ (he)，city development is not about building something new，but about making use of what’s already there in a 7.__________ (create) way.His favorite example is a car repair shop near his home.As people get together there at night and give some
are connected
has formed
him
creative
8.________________(perform) of Guangdong opera，the shop turns into a community theater.“It wasn’t designed to be one；it just became one，” Mike tells 9.____________ reporter. “This influenced me 10.____________ (deep).I came to realize that，as architects，we should design with people to keep a city alive.”
performances
a
deeply

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