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UNIT 1　课时作业(一)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.It’s 　　　　(荒谬的) to spend so much money on a pair of shoes that you’ll only wear once.
2.The school usually 　　　　(暂停) classes during the time of the heavy snowstorm.
3.The teacher 　　　　(解散) the class five minutes earlier today.
4.They publish a 　　　　(每周的) magazine that covers various topics.
5.The scientists need to 　　　　(计算) the distance between the two planets accurately.
6.The athlete 　　　　(宣布) his intention to retire from professional sports last month.
7.The company gave each employee a performance 　　　　(奖金) at the end of the year.
8.He 　　　　(钉牢) a sign to the door to remind people of the rules.
9.She felt 　　　　(内疚) about forgetting her friend’s birthday.
10.The 　　　　(售货员) in this store always greet customers with a warm smile and try their best to meet their needs.
【答案】 1.ridiculous　2.suspends　3.dismissed 4.weekly　5.calculate　6.declared　7.bonus　8.nailed　9.guilty　10.salesmen
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.We need to test 　　　　 this new software to see if it meets our requirements.
2.The art gallery is open to the public 　　　　 appointment only on certain days.
3.The magazine is published 　　　　 a weekly basis,bringing the latest news to readers.
4.It 　　　　(declare) that the new law would come into effect next month.
5.His 　　　　(calculate) of the profit was wrong,which led to a wrong decision.
6.We should be aware 　　　　 the importance of environment protection.
7.The company was charged 　　　　 illegal business activities and was fined heavily.
8.The mother took her crying baby 　　　　 her arms and tried to comfort him.
9.She couldn’t shake off the feeling of 　　　　(guilty) for forgetting her mother’s birthday.
10.The company gave him a bonus 　　　　 a reward for his excellent performance this year.
【答案】 1.out　2.by　3.on　4.was declared　5.calculation　6.of　7.with　8.in　9.guilt　10.as
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.我的母亲是一位老师,比起母亲,她对我而言更像是一位朋友。(more like)
2.我们应该每周评估我们的进度,以确保不偏离正轨。(on a...basis)
3.这位父亲因为没办法花很多时间陪伴他的孩子们而感到内疚。(feel guilty about)
4.下周我们将进行一次化学实验,我建议先做个小测试,看看反应是否如我们所预期。(test out)
5.很抱歉不能和你一起去书店了,因为我在这周六下午约了牙医。(have an appointment with...)
【答案】 1.My mother,who is a teacher,is more like a friend than a mother to me.
2.We should evaluate our progress on a weekly basis to stay on track.
3.This father felt guilty about not being able to spend much time with his kids.
4.We’re going to conduct a chemistry experiment next week.I suggest that we test it out first to see if the reaction is as expected.
5.I am sorry that I can’t go to the bookstore with you because I have an appointment with my dentist this Saturday afternoon.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
When we long live together,we quickly learn to foresee the near-term behaviours of our co-workers or family members.Our ability to predict the actions of others makes it easier to successfully live and work together.In contrast,even the most intelligent and advanced robots have remained inept at this sort of communication.This may be about to change.
The study,conducted by Mechanical Engineering Professor Hod Lipson,is part of a broader effort to provide robots with the ability to understand and predict what others want.The researchers first built a subject robot and placed it in a playpen.They programmed the robot to seek and move towards any green circle it could see.But there was a hidden difficulty.Sometimes the robot could see a green circle in its camera and move directly towards it.But other times,the green circle would be blocked by a tall red cardboard box,in which case the robot would move towards a different green circle,or not at all.
After “researching” its partner on screen long,the new robot was eventually able to get its partner’s goal and path 98 out of 100 times,across varying situations.When starting the experiment,the researchers expected the robot might learn to make predictions about the subject robot’s near-term actions.What the researchers didn’t expect,however,was how accurately it could foresee the moves with only a few seconds of video.
“Our initial results are very exciting,showing how robots can see the world from another robot’s view,” says Lipson.“The understanding ability of the new robot is perhaps a primitive form of sensing others’ feelings,which we all can do.”
Meanwhile,he acknowledges there’re many moral questions.The technology will make robots more adaptable and useful and no longer passive instruction-following machines,but when robots can predict how humans think,they may also learn to control or influence those thoughts.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章讲述了当人类长时间生活在一起时,他们很快就能预测身边人的行动。现下有一种新型的机器人学会了这一技能。
(　　)1.What does the underlined word “inept” in the first paragraph mean
[A]Cautious. [B]Smart.
[C]Active. [D]Poor.
【答案】 D
【解析】 猜测词义题。画线词前提到人在一起生活的时间久了,就能知晓对方下一步的动作和意图。结合上文的In contrast及下文的“This may be about to change.”和有关机器人的新能力的研究可知,画线词所在句与前面的内容为对比关系。故选D。
(　　)2.What is the experiment designed to find
[A]How a robot moves toward the targeted object.
[B]Whether a robot can predict other robots’ goals.
[C]Whether robots can work together like humans.
[D]How precisely a robot foresees its partner’s moves.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句及第三段第二句可知,实验的目的是看看机器人是否能够预测其他机器人的行动。故选B。
(　　)3.How does the robot gain the understanding ability
[A]By communication.
[B]By following its camera.
[C]By visual observation.
[D]By experiencing various tests.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,机器人通过视觉观察获得了理解和预测其他机器人的行动的能力。故选C。
(　　)4.What does Lipson think of the new robot
[A]It bears human characteristics.
[B]It has some kind of moral values.
[C]It might replace human beings.
[D]It is an instruction-following machine.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知,在Lipson看来,这种新型的机器人的理解能力可能是人类感知他人感受的一种原始形式。即这种新型机器人具有了人类特征。故选A。(共22张PPT)
UNIT 1　课时作业(二)
(分值:50 分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.Red,orange and yellow 　　　　　　　　 (consider) “warm” colours while blue,green and purple are “cool”.
2.Much progress 　　　　　　 　　(make) in China with the joint efforts and hard work of the people.
3.The manager is happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets
　　　　　　　　(book) so far.
4.This unique bridge 　　　　　　　　(build) in the late 18th century.
are considered
is being made
have been 　
booked
was built
5.When and where to go for the on-salary holiday 　　　　 　 (not;
decide) till now.
6.We won’t start the work until all the preparations 　　　　　　 (make).
7.I find the problem is very difficult 　　　　　　　　(solve).
8.To make way for the wide street,these houses need 　　　　 　　　 (pull) down.
9.The question 　　　　 　　　　(discuss) by them at the meeting now.
10.I’m glad 　 　　　　　　　(help) by so many warm-hearted people.
hasn’t been decided
have been made
to solve
pulling/to be pulled
is being discussed　
to have been helped
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.这部小说是科幻小说,由19世纪的一位著名作家所写。
This novel is science fiction,which was written by a famous writer in the 19th century.
2.它被认为是欧洲最早的城市之一。
It is regarded as one of the earliest cities in Europe.
3.这项发明一经公布,便引起了广泛的关注。
After the invention was released,it drew wide attention.
4.这部电影的故事基于科学、想象和个人经历。
The story of the film is based on science,imagination and personal experiences.
5.到目前为止,这本书已被翻译成多种语言。
The book has been translated into many languages so far.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Science fiction writers create imaginary worlds.The way things work in your imaginary worlds will be based on actual science.So it’s important for you to be familiar with the scientific principles and inventions that are related to your creation.For example,if you’re writing about humans living on a planet with zero gravity,then you need to know the effects of zero gravity on the human body.
Then you have to figure out the exact rules of your imaginary worlds.
And you have to follow them.If humans are able to breathe underwater in Chapter 1,your characters can’t drown in a swimming pool in Chapter 3.The issue here is maintaining your readers’ trust.That means readers are willing to pretend along with you.If you start out with an ordinary detective novel and then throw in someone breathing underwater in the 6th chapter,
you will pull the readers out of their imagination.The same thing happens if you change the rules halfway.
Part of your preparation work for the novel is to map out its world in great detail.You should decide the following issues:the history of the world,the geography,what possibilities it offers,how everything works in this new reality,and how all of these factors affect the way your characters think,feel,and react to things.You don’t have to tell your readers all the rules in the first chapter.But you have to let readers know enough to understand what’s going on.This also allows you to work out logical problems and contradictions before you start writing.
When you are writing,remember to make it feel real.You are inviting readers to visit a new world.They will want to be able to see,hear,feel,smell,
and even taste what it’s like.Whether your novel is about a world without disease or an undiscovered planet,help your readers feel like they’re actually there.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。科学是科幻小说的基本原理,文章提出了写科幻小说时要注意的事项。
(　　)1.What’s the relationship between actual science and science fiction
[A]Science fiction promotes the development of actual science.
[B]Science fiction often reflects the development of actual science.
[C]Actual science provides basic principles for science fiction.
[D]Actual science limits the imagination described in science fiction.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段的前两句可知,科学是科幻小说的基本原理。故选C。
(　　)2.What does the third paragraph focus on
[A]Part of the preparation work for science fiction writing.
[B]The different types of novels.
[C]The detail in the first chapter of science fiction.
[D]The reality of science fiction.
A
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知,本段主要介绍了科幻小说写作的部分准备工作。故选A。
(　　)3.Which of the following statements is TRUE
[A]It is necessary to do some scientific experiments before writing science fiction.
[B]Readers of science fiction actually pretend the writer’s rules are true.
[C]The target readers of the passage are young scientists.
[D]It is great to leave some contradictions in your science fiction.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,科幻小说的读者实际上会假设作者小说世界里的规则是真实的。故选B。
(　　)4.What’s the best title of the passage
[A]How to Do Scientific Research
[B]How to Write Science Fiction
[C]What to Expect from Science Fiction
[D]How to Raise Interest in Science
B
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了如何写科幻小说,故B项适合用作文章的标题。故选B。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
A new social robot has been introduced to the public at Nanyang Technological University(NTU) in Singapore.The robot 1.　　　　(build) by a research team at the university not long before.It has brown hair and human-like skin.It can talk and act like a human and it even has its own personality.The robot can show emotions,like 2.　　　 　 (angry) and sadness,depending on the topics it is talking about.
was built
anger
The robot 3.　　 　　(become) one of the most advanced and human-like robots so far.It has functions 4.　　　 　 have never been used in other robots.It can not only remember people it has met before,
5.　　　　 it can recall things it has said in earlier conversations as well.
Up to now,robots have been used 6.　　　 　(wide) in the manufacturing industry (制造业).Meanwhile,we may also find more and more robots equipped 7.　　　　 social functions.This could be important with the population aging.Working robots could be the solution to the
8.　　　 　(decrease) workforce.
has become
that/which
but
widely
with
decreasing
On 9.　　　　 other hand,such social robots can care for children or old people.They can play and talk with them or keep them company.
Surprisingly,the robot has a job as a receptionist at the university where it answers questions 10.　　　　 (ask) by students and other visitors.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了新加坡南洋理工大学推出的一款社交机器人。
the
asked
1.【答案】 was built
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“not long before”可知,句子陈述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,The robot和build之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,主语为单数名词,be动词用was。故填was built。
2.【答案】 anger
【解析】 考查名词。此处作宾语应用名词anger“愤怒”,表抽象概念,不可数。故填anger。
3.【答案】 has become
【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“so far”可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语是The robot,为单数名词,助动词用has。故填has become。
4.【答案】 that/which
【解析】 考查定语从句。此处引导限定性定语从句,先行词是functions,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
5.【答案】 but
【解析】 考查连词。固定句型not only... but (also)...“不仅……而且……”。故填but。
6.【答案】 widely
【解析】 考查副词。此处修饰动词have been used,应用副词widely “广泛地”,作状语。故填widely。
7.【答案】 with
【解析】 考查介词。固定搭配be equipped with,意为“装备有”。故填with。
8.【答案】 decreasing
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,此处修饰名词workforce,作定语,decrease与workforce之间为逻辑上的主动关系。故填decreasing。
9.【答案】 the
【解析】 考查冠词。固定搭配on the other hand“另一方面”。故填the。
10.【答案】 asked
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。questions和ask为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词形式,作后置定语。故填asked。[头脑风暴·思维发散]
　　When my latest fiction was completed,I presumed it was a masterpiece.I calculated the potential sales and declared proudly it would be a bestseller.To my surprise,however,my editor said it was more like a collection of random ideas,which conflicted with my view.Then I felt guilty as I realised I’d been overconfident.Whereas I was urging her to promote it,she pointed out the flaws that stunned me.Now I had to revise it thoroughly.
当我最新的小说完成时,我料想它是一部杰作。我计算了一下潜在的销量,自豪地宣布它将成为一部畅销书。然而,令我惊讶的是,我的编辑说它更像是一个随机想法的集合,这与我的观点相矛盾。当我意识到自己过于自信时,我感到很内疚。然而我敦促她推广它时,她指出了令我震惊的缺陷。现在我必须彻底修改它。
Reading and Thinking,Learning About Language
写作词汇
1.ridiculous　　　　 adj.愚蠢的;荒谬的;荒唐的
2.salary n.薪水;薪金
3.nail n.指甲;趾甲;钉子
vt.(用钉子)钉牢;固定
4.absurd adj.荒谬的;荒唐的
5.ladder n.梯子;阶梯
阅读词汇
1.fiction　　　　　 n.小说;虚构的事
2.bonus n.意外收获;奖金;红利
3.integrity n.诚实正直;完整;完好
4.dignity n.庄重;庄严;尊严
5.rumour 〔US rumor〕
n.谣言;传闻
6.chairwoman n.女主席;女董事长;女委员长
7.gramme 〔NAmE gram〕
n.克(重量单位)
8.flour n.面粉;(谷物磨成的)粉
9.venue n.活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)
10.alien n.外星人(生物);外国人
adj.陌生的;外星的;外国的
拓展词汇
1.appointment n.预约;约会;委任;任命;职位→appoint vt.任命;委派;指定;约定→appointed adj.指定的;约定的
2.guilty adj.内疚的;有罪的;有过失的→guilt n.内疚;罪行;罪过
3.dismiss vt.让(某人)离开;解散;解雇;消除;不予考虑→dismissive adj.轻蔑的;鄙视的→dismissal n.解雇
4.suspend vt.悬;挂;暂停;暂缓→suspension n.暂停;中止
5.declare vt.表明;宣称;公布→declaration n.宣称;声明;公告
6.calculate vt.计算;核算;预测→calculation n.计算;估计→calculator n.计算器
重点词块
1.test out 　　　　　　　　　 检验;测试;考验
2.on a business trip 出差
3.more like 更像是;更接近
4.treat sb with... 用……对待某人
5.or rather 更确切地说
6.work on 从事于,忙于
7.fall off 摔落;跌落
8.manage to do sth 设法做成某事
9.more than 不只是,不仅仅
10.be aware of 意识到
11.be charged with... 被控告……
12.on a...basis 根据;以……的方式(基准)
13.as a reward for 作为……的回报
14.take sb in one’s arms 拥抱某人
重点句型
1.Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot,but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.(it is/was +adj.+that从句)
克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬,但她逐渐欣赏托尼的智慧和正直,并且开始信任他。
2.As she turned around,there stood Gladys Claffern.(完全倒装结构)
她转过身来,却看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬正站在那里。
3.He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.[suggest that+主语+(should) do...]
托尼还建议克莱尔在他离开前,也就是拉里回家的前一天晚上,邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友们到家里来。
4.Even though Tony had been in the next room,he managed to catch her in time.(even though引导的让步状语从句)
尽管托尼当时在隔壁房间,但他还是及时接住了她。
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与社会——探索人与机器人的关系
2.语篇类型:科幻小说
3.课文内容分析:
本文改编自阿西莫夫的短篇科幻小说《包你满意》,讲述的是机器人制造公司员工Larry的妻子Claire与测试版家庭机器人Tony之间发生的故事,呈现了Claire对Tony从排斥、警觉,到接受、信任,再到被深深吸引的情感变化过程。阅读本文,有利于学生学习科幻小说这种文学体裁,并能够结合故事内容,初步探讨未来机器人融入人类生活后可能出现的问题和挑战。
多维解读·浅析结构
【答案】 1.tested out　2.alarmed　3.ridiculous　4.more elegant　5.new hairstyle　6.leave
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.Why did Larry bring a robot home
[A]To make his wife happy. [B]To test out the robot.
[C]To send his wife a gift. [D]To free his wife from work.
(　　)2.What does the word “awful” in Paragraph 6 mean
[A]Interesting [B]Unlucky. [C]Terrible. [D]Amazing.
(　　)3.Why did Claire weep when she got home
[A]Her secret was found.
[B]She felt guilty.
[C]She thought she was not as good as Gladys.
[D]Her husband was to return.
(　　)4.What can we infer from the last paragraph
[A]Tony falls in love with Claire. [B]Tony will have a rest that night.
[C]Tony will stay with Claire forever. [D]Tony,the robot,needs to be improved.
(　　)5.What does the passage mainly tell us
[A]It mainly tells us that a robot can do everything better than a man can do.
[B]It mainly tells us that a robot can take the place of a human being.
[C]It mainly tells us about an experiment where a household robot is tested out.
[D]It mainly tells us why a robot falls in love with a human being.
【答案】 1.B　2.C　3.C　4.A　5.C　
二次开发·深研课文
A household robot named Tony was going to 1.　　　　(test) out in a family by Claire.
Claire didn’t like the idea at the beginning,but she agreed to it at last.At her first sight of Tony,
Claire felt 2.　　　　(alarm),for the robot seemed more like a human 3.　　　　 a machine,tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice.When Tony offered 4.　　　 　 (help) her dress,Claire felt embarrassed.Claire complained that she wasn’t clever so Tony showed sympathy 5.　　　　 her,which she thought was ridiculous.6.　　 　　 (gradual),Tony began to win Claire’s trust.As a favour,Tony helped Claire make herself smarter and her home 7.　　　　(elegant).In an expensive clothes shop,when the saleswoman was rude to Claire,she rang Tony up for help.Tony made the woman change her attitude and Claire thanked Tony,8.　　　　(say) that he was a “dear”.However,the scene was discovered by Gladys Claffern,so Claire felt 9.　　　　 (guilt).Claire wept after arriving home.And to comfort her,Tony suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house,10.　　　　would have been completely transformed by then.
【答案】 1.be tested　2.alarmed　3.than　4.to help　5.for　6.Gradually　7.more elegant　8.saying　9.guilty　10.which
1.appointment n.预约;约会;委任;任命;职位
·appoint vt.任命;委派;指定;约定
·appointed adj.指定的;约定的
[教材原句] She had an appointment to paint her nails,then she went into an expensive clothes shop.
她按预约去美甲后,走进了一家高档时装店。
例 (2024·全国甲卷)“People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke.
“人们一大早就开始排队预约,”埃米尔·杜克说道。
例(读后续写之情绪描写) She was always appointing me to perform various jobs,which made me explode with anger.
她总是指派我去做各种各样的工作,这让我怒火中烧。
归纳拓展 ·have/make an appointment with sb (to do sth) 与某人预约/约定(做某事) keep an/the/one’s appointment 赴约;守约 break an/the appointment 失约 by appointment 通过预约 ·appoint sb (as/to be)...任命某人(为)…… appoint sb to do sth 委派某人去做某事 ·at the appointed time 在指定的时间
　[语境运用] 句子语法填空/语段填空
I’m sorry,but I have made 　　　 　 appointment with my doctor to have a physical examination next Monday.
The art studio is open to visitors 　　　　 appointment only.
The teacher appointed Lucy 　　　　 (hand) out test papers.
All the participants were required to arrive at the 　　　　 (appoint) time for the important meeting.
(应用文写作之道歉信)我和这位科幻小说作家在咖啡馆有约。但是由于一位不速之客,我不得不失约。因我不能赴约,请替我传达我真挚的歉意。
I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the science fiction writer at the café.But because of an unexpected visitor,I have to 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　.Please convey my heartfelt apology for not 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
【答案】 an　 by　 to hand　 appointed　 had an appointment with;break the appointment;being able to keep the appointment
Tom and John made an appointment with the client.Tom arrived at the appointed time,while John broke the appointment for some reason.Later,Tom was appointed as/to be the sales manager due to his good performance.
汤姆和约翰与客户约好了。汤姆在指定的时间到达,而约翰却因故失约。后来,汤姆因为良好的表现被任命为销售部经理。
2.guilty adj.内疚的;有罪的;有过失的
·guilt n.内疚;罪行;罪过
[教材原句] Although it was completely innocent,Claire felt guilty.
虽然完全无辜,但是克莱尔还是感到内疚。
例He felt guilty at having told a lie to his best friend.
他因为对自己最好的朋友撒了谎而感到内心有愧。
例(读后续写之心理描写) After arguing with his partner,a strong sense of guilt came over him.
和同伴争吵后,他心中涌起了强烈的内疚感。
归纳拓展 ·be/feel guilty for/about/at 对/为……感到内疚/有愧 be guilty of...犯有……罪 ·a sense of guilt 内疚感
　[语境运用] 句子语法填空/语段填空
I had a sense of 　　　　(guilty) that I couldn’t go out with you this weekend.
I am truly guilty 　　　　 not being there when my friend needed me most.
(读后续写之心理描写)他对犯如此愚蠢的错误感到内疚,眼中涌出内疚的泪水。
He 　　　　　　　　 making such a stupid mistake and 　　　　　　　　 welled up in his eyes.
【答案】 guilt　 for/about/at　 felt guilty for;tears of guilt
3.dismiss vt.让(某人)离开;解散;解雇;消除;不予考虑
·dismissive adj.轻蔑的;鄙视的
·dismissal n.解雇
[教材原句] The guests would be arriving soon,so Claire dismissed Tony for the rest of the night.
因为客人们很快就要到了,所以克莱尔让托尼结束了当晚的工作。
例(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Students are dismissed an hour and a half early on Wednesdays.
周三学生们提前一个半小时放学。
例The cook was dismissed for his poor cooking.
那个厨师因厨艺太差被解雇了。
例(读后续写之情感描写)His boss dismissed his proposal as unrealistic without even considering it carefully,which made him extremely disappointed.
他的老板甚至没有仔细考虑就认为他的提议不切实际,这让他非常失望。
归纳拓展 dismiss...as...将……看作……而拒绝接受/不予考虑 dismiss sb for...因……而解雇/开除某人 dismiss sth from...将某事/某物从……消除/去除
“解雇”的其他表达:fire sb;lay sb off;remove sb from...
[语境运用] 一词多义/翻译句子
The teacher dismissed the class ten minutes early.　　　　　　　
If you are late again,you’ll be dismissed.　　　　　　　
He dismissed the idea as suddenly as it had risen.　　　　　　　
He just laughed,and dismissed the question as unimportant.　　　　　　　
(读后续写之情绪描写) 让他宽慰的是,教练让他抛开上一场比赛失利的失望情绪,专注于下一场比赛。

【答案】 解散　 开除;解雇　 消除　 不予考虑
To his relief,his coach told him to dismiss the disappointment from the loss of the last game and focus on the next one.
4.declare vt.表明;宣称;公布
·declaration n.宣称;声明;公告
[教材原句] She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day,and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.
克莱尔听到托尼明确表示他次日并不想离开她,而且他心里的愿望不只是让她开心而已。
例Without hesitation he declared that he would never break his word.
他毫不犹豫地宣布他决不食言。
例(读后续写之心理描写) I was surprised and pleased when the teacher declared me to be the winner of the English Speech Contest.
当老师宣布我为这次英语演讲比赛的获胜者时,我又惊又喜。
例After considering all the pros and cons,I declared for the decision.
考虑完所有利弊后,我声明赞成这个决定。
declare sb/sth as/to be...宣布某人或某事是…… declare for/against 声明赞成/反对 declare war (on/against...) (向……)宣战 declare sth/that...宣布…… It is/was declared that...据宣布……
[词语辨析]
declare 通常指正式、明确地向公众“宣布;声明”,侧重“当众”发表,多用于宣战、议和、宣判等,往往带有权威性,后面可跟复合宾语
announce 指正式地“公开;发表;宣布”,侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情,尤指新闻之类的消息。接间接宾语时,要在间接宾语前加to
The manager declared a new strategy and then announced its details to the staff.
经理宣布了一项新战略,然后向全体员工宣布了其细节。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The judge declared Tom 　　　　　　　　 the winner of the contest.
It 　　　　　　　　(declare) that the new park would open to the public on May Day.
(应用文写作之通知) 　　　　　　　　　　(据宣布) the school sports meeting would be postponed due to bad weather.
(读后续写之情绪描写) Although he boiled with anger,he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(不愿意宣战) his old friends.
【答案】 as/to be　 was declared　 It was declared that　 was unwilling to declare war on
5.on a...basis 根据;以……的方式(基准)
例Our school library adds new books on a monthly basis and the selection is based on students’ interests and suggestions.
我们学校的图书馆每月都会增添新书,并根据学生的兴趣和建议进行选择。
·on a regular basis 定期地;例行地;有规律地 on a daily/weekly basis 每天/每周 on the basis of...在……的基础上;基于 ·base...on/upon...把……置于……基础之上 be based on/upon...以……为基础/根据
　[语境运用] 句子语法填空/句式升级
We should do exercise 　　　　 a regular basis to keep healthy.
The film 　　　　 on a true story moved all the audience,which taught me a 　　　　 thing: Never judge a person on the 　　　　 of first impressions.(base)
(应用文写作之建议信) The novel was based on an interesting story and it was well worth reading.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,the novel was well worth reading.(非谓语动词作状语)
→The novel 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 was well worth reading.(非谓语动词作定语)
【答案】 on　 based;basic;basis　 Based on an interesting story;based on an interesting story
I read the English newspaper for half an hour on a daily basis.On the basis of much reading,I have greatly improved my English.Based on/upon my own experience,I call on all of you to read the English newspaper on a regular basis.
我每天读半小时的英文报。在大量阅读的基础上,我极大地提高了我的英语水平。基于我自己的经历,我呼吁你们所有人定期读英文报。
6.calculate vt.计算;核算;预测
·calculation n.计算;估计
·calculator n.计算器
[教材原句] They believe if AI can handle tasks like calculating and driving for us,we will have more time for creating,thinking,and “being human”.
他们认为,如果人工智能可以为我们处理计算和驾驶等任务,我们将有更多的时间来创造、思考和“做人”。
例It is calculated that the cost of living in this city has increased by 10% in the past year,putting more pressure on the residents.
据估算,在过去一年里,这个城市的生活成本上涨了10%,给居民带来了更大的压力。
例(应用文写作之建议信)You can’t always calculate upon luck in your study;you need to work hard and be persistent.
在学习中你不能总是指望运气,你需要努力并且坚持不懈。
例(应用文写作之通知)The advertisement is calculated to attract the attention of consumers who are interested in fitness products.
这则广告旨在吸引对健身产品感兴趣的消费者的注意力。
It is calculated that...据估算…… calculate on/upon指望;期待 be calculated to do sth旨在做某事
[语境运用] 一词多义/句子语法填空
We need to calculate how much money we will spend on this trip.　　　　　　　
It is difficult to calculate the long-term effects of this new policy.　　　　　　　
The new measures are calculated to improve the efficiency of the production process.　　　　　　　
We calculated upon his arrival on time,but he was late.　　　　　　　
According to my 　　　　　　　　 (calculate),he should be in Beijing by now.
【答案】 计算;核算　 预测;推测;估算　 计划;旨在　 指望;依靠　 calculation
It+be+adj.+that从句
[教材原句] Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot,but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.
克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬,但她逐渐欣赏托尼的智慧和正直,并且开始信任他。
例It is strange that there are no people in the usually crowded street today.
今天这条平常很拥挤的街道上竟然没有人,真奇怪。
例(应用文写作之建议信)It is important that we show respect for different cultures when we travel abroad.
当我们出国旅行时,尊重不同的文化是很重要的。
归纳拓展 常见的用it作形式主语的句式有: ·It is+adj.(necessary,essential,appropriate,proper,vital...)+that从句 [用虚拟语气,即(should+)do]。 ·It is +v.-ed(suggested,recommended,demanded,required...)+that从句[用虚拟语气,即(should+)do]。 ·It is+n.(a pity,a shame,a pleasure...)+that从句 (用陈述语气)。 ·It is +v.-ed(said,believed,known,estimated,announced,reported...)+that从句 (用陈述 语气) ·It+vi.(happens,appears,seems...)+that从句 (用陈述语气)
[语境运用] 完成句子
　　　　　　　　　　 　　(很遗憾) they had to cancel the outdoor picnic due to the bad weather.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(人们相信) that learning a foreign language can broaden one’s horizons and open up more job opportunities.
(读后续写之动作描写)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(碰巧) I met my old classmate on the street when I was going shopping.
(读后续写之主旨升华)　　　　　　　　　　 (事实证明) that helping others realise their dreams gave me more pleasure.
It is necessary that 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (我们立即采取行动来保护环境).
【答案】 It is a pity that　 It is believed　 It happened that　 It turned out　 we (should) take immediate action to protect environment
完全倒装
[教材原句] As she turned around,there stood Gladys Claffern.
当她转过身来,却看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬正站在那里。
例(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)A few weeks later,when I almost forgot the contest,there came the news.
几个星期后,当我几乎忘记比赛的时候,消息传来了。
例On the floor sat a boy surrounded by a pile of books.
地板上坐着一个男孩,他身边围着一堆书。
例(读后续写之动作描写)Out of the bush rushed a small rabbit,disappearing in a flash.
一只小兔子从灌木丛中飞奔而出,瞬间消失了。
例(读后续写之心理描写)In the distance came the thunder roar,making her start.
远处传来轰鸣雷声,让她吓了一跳。
归纳拓展 英语中的完全倒装是一种语法现象,即将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。常见的完全倒装情况如下: ①当表示方位或地点的副词(如here,there,up,down,in,out,away,off等)或介词短语(如in the room,on the hill,under the tree等)置于句首,且句子的主语是名词时,句子要使用完全倒装。 ②表示时间的副词(如now,then等)放在句首,且谓语动词多为come,go等,句子也会用完全倒装。 ③为了保持句子平衡或强调表语,当表语(形容词、分词、介词短语等)位于句首时,句子要用完全倒装。
①主语是代词时不倒装:如果句子的主语是代词,即使满足上述倒装条件,句子也不用倒装,仍然是正常的语序。
②主谓一致:完全倒装后,谓语动词的单复数形式要与后面的主语保持一致。
　[语境运用] 完成句子
　　　　　　　　　　　　(接着传来一声巨大的撞击声),followed by screams and chaos.
(读后续写之动作描写)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(一个年轻女孩从人群中走了出来),her eyes shining with excitement and curiosity.
(应用文写作之演讲稿)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(日子一去不复返) when customers had limited choices in the market.
【答案】 Then came a big crash　 Out of the crowd stepped a young girl　 Gone are the days
[教材原句] He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.
尝试分析:这是一个复合句。“He suggested”为主句。句中 为that引导的宾语从句,suggest 在此处表示“建议”,其后的宾语从句中,要用虚拟语气,其谓语动词形式为(should+)动词原形,此句中invite前省略了should;为before引导的时间状语从句。was to do结构在这里表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。
自主翻译:托尼还建议克莱尔在他离开前,也就是拉里回家的前一天晚上,邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友们到家里来。
　[语境运用] 情境写作
那位老人建议年轻的冒险家在暴风雨来临前,也就是夜幕降临前的下午,去探索那个隐藏的
洞穴。
That old man suggested that the young adventurer explore the hidden cave the afternoon before the storm was to hit and the night was to fall.
语法微专题1　被动语态
It was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife,Claire.
Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human...
...she rang Tony and told him she was being treated badly.
How awful to be discovered by her,Claire thought.
观察上面的句子,不难发现这些句子都使用了被动语态。
一、被动语态的概念及基本构成
　　英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。使用被动语态的句子,谓语动词的形式是“be+动词过去分词”,被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在助动词be的变化上,其变化规则与系动词be相同。一般来讲,只有及物动词才有被动语态。有时被动语态中动作的执行者可用by短语表示。下面以do为例列举常用时态的被动语态形式。
时态 被动语态的构成
一般现在时 am/is/are done
一般过去时 was/were done
一般将来时 shall/will be done 或am/is/are going to be done
现在进行时 am/is/are being done
过去进行时 was/were being done
过去将来时 should/would be done
现在完成时 have/has been done
过去完成时 had been done
将来完成时 will have been done
The meeting has been put off for some reason.
会议已因故推迟了。
The new type of robot will be tested out by some restaurants near the company.
这种新型机器人将会由公司附近的一些餐馆测试。
　[语境运用] 句子语法填空
The tourists 　　　　 (accompany) by a guide when they travelled in Beijing.
At this moment,the city 　　　　 (wash) by a heavy rain.
The novel 　　　　 (consider) a masterpiece of contemporary literature since its publication.
【答案】 were accompanied　 is being washed　 has been considered
二、使用被动语态的特殊情况
1.当主动句中含有复合宾语(即宾语+宾语补足语)时,变为被动语态时要把主动句的宾语转变为被动句的主语,原来的宾语补足语位置不变,成为主语补足语。注意像make、let、have 这类使役动词,以及see、watch、hear、feel、notice等感官动词,后面常常接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。但在变为被动语态时,需要把省略的to还原。
The teacher made the students recite the poem.
→The students were made to recite the poem by the teacher.
2.主动句有双宾语的句子变被动语态时,可以将间接宾语或直接宾语变为主语。
(1)将间接宾语变为主语时,直接宾语保持不变。常见的带双宾语的动词有give、show、send、pass、teach、tell、bring等。
My mother gave me a present.→I was given a present by my mother.我妈妈给了我一件礼物。
He told us an interesting story.→We were told an interesting story by him.
他给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
(2)将直接宾语变为主语时,在间接宾语前要根据动词搭配加上适当的介词(to或for)。当动词为give、show、send、pass、hand、read、write等时,间接宾语前用介词to;当动词为buy、make、cook、draw、choose、sing等时,间接宾语前用介词for。
She passed me the salt.→The salt was passed to me by her.她把盐递给我。
My father bought me a new bike.→A new bike was bought for me by my father.
我父亲给我买了一辆新自行车。
3.短语动词的被动语态:短语动词是一个整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成短语动词的副词或介词。
The little baby was closely looked after by the nurse.
小婴儿由护士精心照料。
　[语境运用] 将下列各句的语态改为被动语态
Mr Smith offered me a good job yesterday.
→　 /
→
I saw Tom cross the street in a hurry.
→
My grandmother took good care of me when I was young.
→
【答案】 A good job was offered to me yesterday by Mr Smith./I was offered a good job yesterday by Mr Smith.　 Tom was seen to cross the street in a hurry by me.　 I was taken good care of by my grandmother when I was young.
三、被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别
　　被动语态强调主语是动作的承受者,体现了句子的动作性,而过去分词作表语则主要说明主语的状态、特征或性质,相当于形容词的性质,它不强调动作;被动语态常与动作的时间、地点等状语连用,而过去分词作表语常与程度副词搭配;被动语态可通过“by+执行者”表明动作发出者,而过去分词作表语一般不强调执行者。
I am interested in reading books extremely.(过去分词作表语)我对读书非常感兴趣。
The car is cleaned every day by him.(被动语态)
这辆车每天由他清洗。
四、非谓语动词的被动形式及用法
1.动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词与其是被动关系时,动词不定式一般使用被动形式。不定式的被动式可分为一般式和完成式。动词不定式的被动形式在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语。动词不定式的被动形式如下表所示。
时态 形式 用法
一般式 to be done 表示发生在谓语所表示的动作之后或与之同时发生的被动动作
完成式 to have been done 表示发生在谓语所表示的动作之前的被动动作
Sometimes to be understood is not an easy job.(作主语)
有时被人理解并不是一件容易的事。
The novel is said to have been translated into many languages.(作宾语补足语)
据说这部小说已被译成多种语言。
2.动词-ing形式所表示的动作是一个被动动作时,要用动词-ing的被动形式,可分为一般式和完成式。动词-ing的被动形式在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语。动词-ing的被动形式如下表所示。
时态 形式 用法
一般时 being done 表示正在进行或与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的被动动作
完成时 having been done 表示发生在谓语所表示的动作之前的被动动作
You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere.(作宾语补足语)
你会发现到处都在讨论这个话题。
The museum being repaired will be reopened to visitors next year.(作定语)
正在维修的博物馆明年将再次向游客开放。
She doesn’t remember having ever been given a chance to go abroad.(作宾语)
她不记得曾得到过出国的机会。
　[语境运用]句子语法填空
The boy asked 　　　　 (give) an opportunity to try again.
　　　　 (warn) about typhoon,the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbour.
The rabbits were so lucky that they just missed 　　　　 (catch).
【答案】 to be given　 Having been warned being caught
五、主动形式表示被动意义
1.连系动词如look、sound、smell、feel、taste、remain、seem、appear、prove等后接表语时,一般用主动形式表示被动意义。
The idea sounds great.
这个主意听起来棒极了。
The popcorn they made looked wonderful and tasted delicious.
他们做的爆米花看起来棒极了,吃起来也很美味。
2.有些动词如read、write、clean、wash、cook、keep、cut、open、close、sell等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,常和副词well、easily、smoothly等连用,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。这些句子的时态多用一般现在时或一般将来时。
The door doesn’t open easily.
这扇门不容易打开。
Bikes of that kind sell well.
那种自行车卖得很好。
3.“need、want、require、deserve等+doing”用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The blackboard needs cleaning.
=The blackboard needs to be cleaned.
黑板需要擦干净。
The broken window wants repairing.
=The broken window wants to be repaired.
那扇破窗户需要修理。
4.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面应跟动词不定式的被动形式。
The book is worth reading again.
=The book is worthy to be read again.
这本书值得再读一遍。
5.动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间为动宾关系,且和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时,不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.
今天下午我有许多事情要做。(to do与things是动宾关系,与主语I是主谓关系)
6.在某些以“形容词+不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,常用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这类形容词有nice、easy、fit、hard、difficult、important、impossible、pleasant、interesting等。
This problem is difficult to work out.
这个问题很难解决。
　[语境运用] 翻译句子
那个问题不值得讨论。
这种布料摸上去很舒服。
她在找一本容易理解的参考书。
【答案】 That issue is not worth discussing./That issue is not worthy to be discussed.
This kind of cloth feels comfortable.
She’s looking for a reference book to understand easily.
1.(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)“The players’ personalities 　　　　　 (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds.
【答案】 are revealed
【解析】 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。本句描述一般事实,时态用一般现在时,且主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal“揭示,显示”为被动关系,所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态,主语为复数,be动词用are。故填are revealed。
2.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)I bought a desk and asked for it　　　　(deliver) to my house this Friday.
【答案】 to be delivered
【解析】 考查非谓语动词的语态。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作宾语补足语,和宾语it构成被动关系,此处应使用ask for sth to do的被动结构。故填to be delivered。
3.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)I 　　　 　 (motivate)—and demotivated—by other folks’ achievements all my life.
【答案】 have been motivated
【解析】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语I构成被动关系,句中有时间状语 all my life,应用现在完成时。故填have been motivated。
4.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can 　　　　 (enjoy) in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs.
【答案】 be enjoyed
【解析】 考查语态。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作谓语,和主语views构成被动关系,且can 是情态动词,故填 be enjoyed。
Ⅰ.语篇填空
My friend Jackie 1.　　　　 (bring) up in a small town,where he 2.　　　　 (educate) before he went to New York.One day he 3.　　　　 (watch) a football match when his father
4.　　　　 (give) him a surprise that his whole family 5.　　 　　 (move) to New York.And now he 6.　　　　 (teach) by Miss Brown in a new school.Miss Brown is a very kind and friendly teacher,but she is strict about her work and strict with her students.With the help of Miss Brown,many problems 7.　　　　 (solve) very easily.Jackie finds his study 8.　 　　　 (improve) greatly since he 9.　　　　 (come) to this school three years ago.He is fond of Miss Brown and 10.　　　　 (feel) great at the new school.
【答案】 1.was brought　2.had been educated　3.was watching　4.gave　5.would move　6.is being taught　7.are solved　8.has been improved　9.came　10.feels
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.The question 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (正在被讨论) now has something to do with nature.
2.He was the last one 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(被邀请发言) at the meeting.
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (被告诉好几遍了),the naughty boy made the same mistake again.
4.They said 　　　　　　　　 (决定会被做出) at the next meeting.
5.His first book 　　　　　　　　(下个月要出版的) is based on a true story.
【答案】 1.being discussed　2.to be invited to speak 3.Having been told several times　4.the decision would be made　5.to be published next monthUNIT 1　课时作业(三)
(分值:45 分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.Fear 　　　　(抓紧) her heart as she walked into the dark and empty house.
2.There are several beautiful 　　　　(灯) hanging from the ceiling of the living room.
3.The doctor 　　　　(力劝) him to give up smoking for his health.
4.The teacher picked a student at 　　　　(随机) to answer the question.
5.The car can reach a 　　　　(最大极限的) speed of 200 kilometers per hour.
6.The car 　　　　(爆炸) in the distance,and the sound was deafening.
7.After the heavy rain,the ground was covered with 　　　　(泥浆).
8.The plant has grown several 　　　　(英寸) taller since I last saw it.
9.She 　　　　(拿来) water from the well every morning.
10.We quickened our 　　　　(步伐) when we heard the thunder in the distance.
【答案】 1.gripped　2.lamps　3.urged　4.random 5.maximum　6.exploded　7.mud　8.inches　9.fetches　10.pace
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.There is a clear 　　　　(divide) between the two departments in terms of their responsibilities.
2.The doctor said that her illness was 　　　　(urge) and required immediate treatment.
3.The 　　　　(explode) in the building caused a lot of damage and several injuries.
4.The audience was 　　　　(stun) by the magician’s amazing performance.
5.After the heavy rain,the road became 　　　　(mud) and difficult to walk on.
6.He likes to exercise 　　　　 his own pace,not being rushed by others.
7.His ideas often conflict 　　　　 those of his colleagues,which leads to some arguments.
8.I have 　　　　 urge to travel around the world and experience different cultures.
9.Her knowledge of the subject is superior 　　　　 that of her peers.
10.The old computer had been 　　　　(inaction) for years until he decided to fix it.
【答案】 1.division　2.urgent　3.explosion　4.stunned　5.muddy　6.at　7.with　8.an
9.to　10.inactive
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.在你做这个决定之前,你最好分析一下利弊。(pros and cons)
2.他打电话给他的助手丽莎,让她在他出差期间接管他的工作。(take over)
3.看到我的朋友们都在学习新技能,我也很想尝试学习一些新东西。(have an urge to)
4.昨晚的聚会非常成功,大家都玩得很开心。(turn out)
5.在准备期末考试时,我的学习计划和社团活动的时间产生了冲突。(conflict with)
【答案】 1.You’d better think about the pros and cons before you make the decision.
2.He called his assistant Lisa and asked her to take over his job during his business trip.
3.Seeing my friends learning new skills,I also have an urge to try learning something new.
4.The party last night turned out to be a great success,and everyone had a wonderful time.
5.While preparing for the final exams,my study plan conflicted with the time for club activities.
Ⅳ.阅读理解 (共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
If you could travel in time,would you visit the past or the future You could find your ancestors,descendants,or experience life when dinosaurs wandered in your back garden.It sounds unrealistic,but scientists have looked into whether time travel is actually possible.
Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity changed understanding of space,time,mass and gravity.The key element of this theory is that time and space are linked together,and time doesn’t flow at a constant rate,meaning it speeds up or slows down,depending on where you are.For example,when you travel at high speeds,time decreases,which means astronauts in space moving at high speeds age more slowly than those on Earth! So,if you wanted to travel to the future,you would need to move close to the speed of light.Then,while centuries pass on Earth,you’d experience a relatively short amount of time and could hypothetically(假设地) return home,where it would be the future!
Travelling backwards in time seems much more difficult.Theoretically,one way of going back is via a wormhole (虫洞).That means,if space and time can be folded like paper,we could create a tunnel—a shortcut between points in time.The problem is that there is no evidence that wormholes exist.“It’s been shown mathematically that they can exist,but whether they exist physically is something else,” says an astrophysicist at the University of York.Also,theories show that wormholes would be so small that a person definitely couldn’t fit through one,and they would have such an intense gravitational field that they would collapse very quickly.
For now,it seems we’ll have to be content with science fiction and using telescopes to look back in time rather than travelling through it.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章基于爱因斯坦相对论的时间旅行理论,主要探讨了前往未来及回到过去的可能性与科学挑战。
(　　)1.Why does the writer mention Einstein’s theory of relativity
[A]To explain how time travel might work.
[B]To stress the importance of time travel.
[C]To describe Einstein’s contributions to science.
[D]To encourage us to work out the theory.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。文章在提到爱因斯坦的相对论后,进一步阐述了时间和空间的联系以及时间流速的变化,并且说明了根据这一理论如何实现穿越到未来(如当以接近光速运动时,时间会变慢,从而能实现向未来的穿越)。所以作者提到爱因斯坦的相对论是为了解释时间旅行是如何可能实现的,A选项符合。故选A。
(　　)2.Why do astronauts age more slowly than those on Earth
[A]Time flows at the same speed across the universe.
[B]Moving faster slows the passage of time.
[C]Speed and space are closely connected.
[D]The speed of light prevents their aging.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For example,when you travel at high speeds,time decreases,which means astronauts in space moving at high speeds age more slowly than those on Earth!”可知,当快速运行时,时间流逝会变慢,这意味着在太空中高速运动的宇航员比地球上的人衰老得慢,B选项符合。故选B。
(　　)3.Why does travelling backwards in time seem much more difficult
[A]Wormholes move faster than the speed of light.
[B]Scientists have not studied time travel to the past.
[C]Wormholes lack scientific evidence of existence.
[D]The speed of light only allows forward movement in time.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Travelling backwards in time seems much more difficult.Theoretically,one way of going back is via a wormhole...The problem is that there is no evidence that wormholes exist.”可知,理论上回到过去的一种方式是通过虫洞,但问题是没有证据表明虫洞存在,所以回到过去似乎更困难,C选项符合。故选C。
(　　)4.What is the author’s attitude regarding the possibility of time travel
[A]Objective.
[B]Subjective.
[C]Indifferent.
[D]Positive.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。作者在文中既介绍了根据爱因斯坦相对论实现向未来时间旅行的可能性(如接近光速运动时的时间变化),也阐述了回到过去时间旅行的困难(如虫洞缺乏存在证据、虫洞太小且引力场强会迅速坍塌等),客观地呈现了时间旅行的相关信息,A选项符合。故选A。Using Language,Assessing Your Progress,Video Time
写作词汇
1.blurred　　 adj.模糊不清的;难以区分的
2.inch n.英寸(长度单位,等于2.54厘米)
3.backwards 〔NAmE backward〕
adv.向后;倒着;往回
4.grip vt.& vi.紧握;抓紧
5.hazy adj.模糊的;朦胧的;困惑的
6.fetch vt.(去)拿来;(去)请来
7.pace n.速度;步伐;节奏
vt.& vi.确定速度;调整节奏
8.puff n.(烟、气等的)一缕;少量;喘息
9.jolt n.震动;摇晃;颠簸
vt.& vi.(使)震动;摇晃
10.flip vt.& vi.(使)快速翻转;(用手指)轻抛
阅读词汇
1.labour　　　　 〔US labor〕
n.劳动(者);体力劳动
vi.奋斗;努力工作
2.leather n.皮革;[pl.] 皮衣;皮外套
3.lever n.操纵杆;杠杆
4.panel n.控制板;仪表盘;专家咨询组
5.niece n.侄女;外甥女
6.handkerchief n.手帕;纸巾
7.lamp n.灯;台灯
8.random adj.随机的;不可思议的
9.maximum adj.最大极限的
n.最大量;最大限度
拓展词汇
1.superior adj.更好的;占优势的;(在级别或重要性上)更高的→superiority n.优越;优势;优越性
2.inaction n.无行动;不采取措施→inactive adj.不活动的;不活跃的→inactively adv.不活跃地;消极地
3.division n.分开;分隔;差异;除(法) →divide vt.分开;分隔;分配;除→divided adj.分开的;分裂的;有分歧的
4.urge n.强烈的欲望;冲动 v.催促;力劝;大力推荐→urgent adj.紧急的;紧迫的→urgency n.紧急;紧迫
5.explode vi.& vt.爆炸;爆破→explosion n.爆炸;爆发→explosive adj.易爆炸的;爆发性的
6.stun vt.使震惊,使昏迷→stunning adj.令人震惊的→stunned adj.震惊的;目瞪口呆的
7.mud n.泥;泥浆→muddy adj.泥泞的
8.overstatement n.夸大;夸张→overstate vt.夸大;言过其实
重点词块
1.pros and cons　　　　 事物的利与弊;支持与反对
2.superior to 比……更好;更胜一筹
3.take over 占上风;取而代之;接管;接手
4.beside the point 离题
5.remind sb of... 使某人想起……
6.conflict with 与……冲突或抵触
7.turn out 关掉;熄灭;在场;使朝外;结果是
8.fall away (逐渐)减少;消失
9.have an urge to 有强烈的欲望做某事
10.so long as 只要……就……
11.due to 因为,由于
12.switch off 关掉;切断
重点句型
1.It was at ten o’clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.(It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+...强调句型)
今天上午十点,所有时间机器中的第一台开始了其运转之旅。
2.Night came as if a lamp was being turned out,and in another moment came the day.(as if引导的状语从句)
夜幕降临,仿佛有人把灯熄灭了,转眼间,白昼又来临了。
3.So long as I travelled at maximum speed,it didn’t matter.(so long as引导的条件状语从句)
只要我以最高的速度前进,就不会有什么问题。
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与社会——写一则短篇科幻故事
2.语篇类型:科幻小说
3.课文内容分析:
本文改编自英国科幻作家赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯所著的《时间机器》。第一段讲述“我”第一次尝试启动时间机器;第二段介绍时间机器的正式启动;第三段介绍在机器加速后,“我”乘坐时间机器的各种感受;第四段重点介绍“我”在停止时间机器前的心理活动;最后一段交代“我”终于停止了机器的运行,结果跨越千年,到达未来。阅读本文,有利于学生拓宽视野,了解“时间旅行”主题在科幻作品中的意义,培养创新思维。
多维解读·浅析结构
【答案】 1.invisible　2.fell away　3.thrown　4.the future
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.How does the Time Traveller first know he has travelled through time
[A]The laboratory remains exactly as before.
[B]His niece tells him.
[C]He realises the time from the clock on the wall.
[D]The time machine tells him.
(　　)2.Why does the Time Traveller feel strange and unpleasant during the time travel
[A]The time machine has been poorly designed.
[B]He is travelling through time at such a high speed.
[C]He suffers from the time lag.
[D]He feels the time travel sick.
(　　)3.Why is the Time Traveller worried about stopping the machine
[A]Because he will lose control of the machine.
[B]Because the machine will be flashed before his eyes.
[C]Because the machine will become so fast that he can’t stop it.
[D]Because the same space will be possessed by other things.
【答案】 1.C　2.B　3.D　
1.superior adj.更好的;占优势的;(在级别或重要性上)更高的 n.上级;上司
·superiority n.优越;优势;优越性
[教材原句] In sci-fi stories,robots often become superior and take over.
在科幻小说中,机器人通常(比人类)更胜一筹,(在各方面)占上风。
例(应用文写作之推荐信)In terms of environmental protection,electric vehicles are superior to traditional gasoline-powered cars as they produce zero emissions.
在环境保护方面,电动汽车比传统的汽油动力汽车更胜一筹,因为它们零排放。
例(应用文写作之申请信)The local specialty handicrafts are superior in traditional craftsmanship,attracting a large number of tourists.
当地特色手工艺品在传统工艺方面更优越,吸引了大量的游客。
be superior to比……更好,更胜一筹;(在级别、重要性或职位上)更高的 be superior in...在……方面优越
①superior用作形容词时,本身含有“较”的意思,故不再用比较级或最高级形式。
②和superior to用法类似的词有:inferior to(比……差/级别低);senior to(比……年长/职位高);junior to(比……年轻/职位低)等。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The design of this new car is superior 　　　　 that of its competitors on the market.
This new model of robot is superior 　　　　 task execution to other models,offering high accuracy and efficiency.
在英语口语方面,我的发音和语调相较于其他同学来说可能有些不足。
In terms of spoken English,my pronunciation and intonation may be 　　　　　　　　　.
【答案】 to　 in　 inferior to those of other classmates
2.take over 占上风;取而代之;接管;接手
[教材原句] In sci-fi stories,robots often become superior and take over.
在科幻小说中,机器人通常(比人类)更胜一筹,(在各方面)占上风。
例My parents urged me to be patient and never let negative thoughts take over.
我的父母敦促我要有耐心,永远不要让消极的想法占据上风。
例He took off his wet shoes and socks as soon as he entered the house.
他一进家门就脱下了湿鞋子和袜子。
take off起飞;匆匆离去;脱下;迅速流行 take on呈现;雇用;承担 take up拿起;开始从事;占据(时间、空间等) take in包括;吸收;理解;欺骗;收留 take down记下;拆除
[语境运用] 一词多义/语段填空
The experienced nurse took over the patient’s care from the junior nurse.　　　　　　　
Streaming services have taken over traditional TV channels for many young viewers.　　　　　　　
The government took over the situation quickly after the natural disaster.　　　　　　　
Our team took over in the second half of the game and finally won.　　　　　　　
在他决定开始从事绘画之后,他发起了创作一幅杰作的挑战。有一天,当他全神贯注于他的作品时,一位陷入困境的朋友找到了他,他毫不犹豫地收留了这位朋友。就在他的绘画技艺开始迅速提升的时候,他接到了老板的电话,要求他接手一个重要项目。他陷入了两难之中。
After he decided to 　　　　　　　　　　　,he started the challenge of creating a masterpiece.
One day,while he was deeply engrossed in his work,a friend in trouble came to him,and he didn’t hesitate to 　　　　 　　　　 his friend.Just as his painting skills were starting to 　　　　　　　　,he received a call from his boss asking him to 　　　　　　　　 an important project.He was caught in a dilemma.
【答案】 接管、接手(职责、权力、公司等)　 取代、替代(某人或某物)　 控制、掌管(区域、局势等)　 占上风;取得优势(在比赛、竞争等中)　 take up painting;take in;take off;take over
3.conflict with 与……冲突或抵触
[教材原句] A ROBOT MUST OBEY THE ORDERS GIVEN IT BY HUMAN BEINGS EXCEPT WHERE SUCH ORDERS WOULD CONFLICT WITH THE FIRST LAW.
机器人必须服从人类给它的命令,除非这些命令与第一定律相冲突。
例The two colleagues were in conflict with each other due to a difference in work style.
两位同事因工作风格的差异而彼此产生了冲突。
例Her stubbornness brought her into conflict with the whole team.
她的固执使她与整个团队发生了冲突。
例(应用文写作之演讲稿)The conflict over the cultural differences between the tourists and the locals cannot be ignored.
游客和当地人之间在文化差异方面的争议不容忽视。
·conflict with...与……有冲突/矛盾 ·in conflict with...与……有冲突/矛盾 come into conflict with...与……产生冲突/矛盾 bring sb into conflict with 使某人与……发生冲突 the conflict over.../between...and...关于……的冲突/……和……之间的冲突
[语境运用] 语段填空
(应用文写作之建议信)得知你和你同桌发生冲突,我写信给你一些建议。首先,学生因为一些小事与其他人产生冲突是正常的。其次,当你与他人有冲突时,你最好保持冷静。总之,只有你设身处地为他人着想,你才会毫不费力地解决这些冲突。
Learning that you have 　　　　　　　　　 your deskmate,I am writing to offer you some tips.Firstly,it is not unusual that students 　　　　　　　　　　　　 others over some small things.Besides,when you are 　　　　　　　　　　　　 others,you had better keep calm.All in all,only if you put yourself in others’ shoes will you solve these 　　　　 without difficulty.
【答案】 conflicted with;come into conflict with;in conflict with;conflicts
4.turn out 关掉;熄灭;在场;使朝外;结果是
[教材原句] Night came as if a lamp was being turned out,and in another moment came the day.
夜幕降临了,仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭,转眼间,白昼就来临了。
例(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)They turned out largely ineffective.
结果证明,他们基本上无效。
例When you finish using the library books,you should turn them in on time.
当你用完图书馆的书后,你应该按时归还。
例(应用文写作之演讲稿)When leaving the office,make sure to turn off all the electrical appliances.
离开办公室时,务必关掉所有电器。
turn up调高(音量等);出现 turn down调低(音量等);拒绝 turn on打开(水、煤气、电灯等) turn off关闭(水、煤气、电灯等) turn to求助于;致力于;翻到(书的某页);查阅;转向 turn in上交;交还,退还
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
When the party started,they turned 　　　　 the speakers to create a lively atmosphere.
She turned 　　　　 his invitation to the dance because she had other plans.
What annoys my grandmother is that I like 　　　　　　　　 (开灯) but often forget to
　　　　　　　　　(把它们关掉).
(读后续写之场景描写)Many of his old friends 　　　　　　　　　　　 (出现在聚会上),sharing good memories.
【答案】 up　 down　 turning on lights;turn them off　 turned up at the party
5.pace n.速度;步伐;节奏 vt.& vi.确定速度;调整节奏
[教材原句] As my pace grew faster,the walls of the laboratory fell away,and I was left in the open air.
我的速度越来越快,实验室的墙壁随之坍塌,我置身野外。
例(应用文写作之建议信)Study at your own pace and never lose heart,and you will make progress in time.
按照自己的进度学习,不要灰心,你最终会取得进步的。
例(读后续写之动作描写)She paced up and down in the kitchen,and then wandered down to the gate and back.
她在厨房踱来踱去,然后遛达到大门口又回来。
·keep pace with sb/sth与……齐头并进;与……步调一致 at one’s own pace按某人自己的节奏 ·pace oneself 调整自己的节奏 pace up and down 来回踱步
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Mr Zhang walked in the front of the group 　　　　 a leisurely pace.
During the long-distance running,it’s important to pace 　　　　 (you).
(读后续写之动作描写)In the race,she managed to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (与跑得最快的选手并驾齐驱) for a while.
Each learner can progress 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (按照他们自己的节奏) in this online course.
【答案】 at　 yourself　 keep pace with the fastest runner　 at their own pace
6.fall away (逐渐)减少;消失
[教材原句] As my pace grew faster,the walls of the laboratory fell away,and I was left in the open air.
我的速度越来越快,实验室的墙壁随之坍塌,我置身野外。
例After joining a new club,her initial enthusiasm for the activities seemed to fall away quite quickly.
加入新社团后,她起初对活动的热情似乎很快就消退了。
例(读后续写之场景描写)As the old house was shaken by the earthquake,its walls began to fall apart,and the family inside rushed out in panic.
随着老房子因地震晃动,墙壁开始崩裂,里面的一家人惊慌失措地冲了出来。
例(读后续写之动作描写)The puppy was so excited that it ran around quickly and accidentally fell over a small stone on the grass.
小狗兴奋极了,飞快地跑来跑去,不小心被草地上的一块小石头绊倒了。
fall off从……摔下(其后直接接宾语) fall apart破碎;破裂;崩溃 fall behind落后;跟不上 fall over倒下,摔倒;被……绊倒
[语境运用] 完成句子
(读后续写之动作描写)He was running around the living room excitedly when he suddenly
　　　　　　　　　　　(被一个玩具绊倒) and started to cry.
(读后续写之动作描写)While trying to pick apples from the tall tree,Jack lost his footing and
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (从一根粗壮的树枝上摔了下来),landing on the soft grass below.
(应用文写作之报道)During the cross-country race,Tom started well but 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (逐渐落后) as he lacked the stamina to keep up with the others.
【答案】 fell over a toy　 fell off a thick branch　 gradually fell behind
7.urge n.强烈的欲望;冲动 vt.催促;力劝;大力推荐
·urgent adj.紧急的;急迫的
·urgency n.紧急;紧迫
[教材原句] I had a strong urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes!
我有一种强烈的欲望,想看看眼前那些随机闪现的东西!
例She urged her friend to run faster,as they were being chased by a wild dog.
她催促她的朋友跑得再快点,因为他们正被一只野狗追赶。
例(应用文写作之倡议书)It is urged that we students take regular exercise to keep fit and energetic.
我们学生被敦促要经常锻炼以保持健康和精力充沛。
例(读后续写之情感描写)When she saw the beautiful dress in the store window,she had an urge to buy it immediately.
当她看到商店橱窗里那件漂亮的连衣裙时,她有一种立刻买下它的强烈欲望。
·urge sb to do sth敦促/催促/力劝某人做某事 urge/It is urged that...(should) do sth 极力主张……做某事(从句用虚拟语气) ·have an urge to do sth 有强烈的欲望做某事
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
There is an 　　　　 (urge) need for more medical supplies in the disaster area.
We must understand the 　　　　 (urge) of the problem and find a solution as soon as possible.
After a long time of hard work,he had an urge 　　　　 (take) a vacation.
(应用文写作之建议信)　　　　　　　　　　 (极力主张) that the government should take measures to protect the environment.
(读后续写之动作描写)Seeing the approaching storm,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (她催促他去寻找庇护所).
【答案】 urgent　 urgency　 to take　 It is urged　 she urged him to seek a shelter
Although I had an urge to buy a bike,my sense of responsibility urged me to hurry home/urged that I (should) hurry home to hand in my hard-earned money to my parents.
尽管我很想买一辆自行车,但是我的责任感敦促我快点回家把我辛苦挣的钱交给父母。
It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+...强调句型
[教材原句] It was at ten o’clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.
今天上午十点,所有时间机器中的第一台开始了其运转之旅。
例(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)It’s you who make me fall in love with writing,my social studies teacher.
是你让我爱上了写作,我的社会学老师。
例It was because of the heavy rain that he came late.
就是因为下大雨他才来晚了。
例(读后续写之主旨升华)It is the small acts of kindness every day that make our lives more meaningful.
正是每天的小善举让我们的生活更有意义。
·强调句型的一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分 ·强调句型的特殊疑问句:疑问词(被强调部分)+is/was+it+that+句子其他部分 ·“not...until...”结构的强调句型:It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+句子其他部分。
判断句子是否为强调句的方法:去掉“it is/was和“that/who”后,若稍加调整语序,剩余部分在结构和语义上仍然完整,则该句是强调句。
[语境运用] 完成句子/句型转换
(读后续写之主旨升华)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (正是面对恐惧的勇气) allows us to grow and become stronger individuals.
(读后续写之情感描写)The mother exploded with anger,saying,“　　　　　　 　
(到底是什么) caused you to conflict with your colleague ”
I didn’t realise the significance of family until I went through hardships.(变为强调句型)
→
The power of love can overcome all difficulties and bring hope to the world.(强调主语)
→
【答案】 It is the courage to face fears that　 What was it that　 It was not until I went through hardships that I realised the significance of family.　 It is the power of love that can overcome all difficulties and bring hope to the world.
as if/though引导状语从句
[教材原句] Night came as if a lamp was being turned out,and in another moment came the day.
夜幕降临了,仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭,转眼间,白昼就来临了。
例(读后续写之动作描写)She stared at me as if she had never seen me before.
她盯着我看,好像以前从未见过我似的。
例The stars shine brightly as if guiding us for our journey.
星星闪耀着,仿佛在为我们的旅程指引方向。
·as if/though所引导的从句的内容为不真实或不可能发生的情况时,常用虚拟语气。虚拟现在的情况常用过去式(be的过去式通常用were);虚拟过去的情况常用过去完成时态;虚拟将来的情况常用would/might/could+动词原形。 ·as if/though引导状语从句时,若主句和从句的主语一致,从句谓语中又含有be动词时,从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略,构成“as if/though+形容词/名词/介词短语/分词/不定式”的形式。
[语境运用] 完成句子
A young couple in a boat are eating,talking and laughing loudly 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (好像他们是仅有的人) in the world.
He opened his mouth 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (好像要说些什么).
My head teacher looked at me 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (仿佛看到了年轻的自己).
(读后续写之场景描写)The clouds are gathering 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (仿佛一场暴风雨即将来临).
【答案】 as if they were the only people　 as if to say something　 as if seeing his young self as if a storm is coming
写作微专题1　A sci-fi short story
1.文体类型:科幻故事,属于记叙文范畴,通常在丰富想象的基础上融入科学技术的发展和对人类未来的展望。
2.要点内容:(1)时光旅行者第一次乘坐时光机旅行的所见、所想、所感。(2)时光旅行者是如何停止时光机的运行来结束旅行的。
[思路指引]
短篇科幻故事常用句式。
I often dream about time travelling.
Perhaps we will be able to...
Travel will be easier for us because...
As time goes by/With time going by,there’re going to be great changes in...
The spaceship/time machine is mainly controlled by...
Cars and buses are all computer-programmed.
Looking around,I find myself surrounded by many smart devices.
Imagine a future where time travelling is possible.We are free to travel through time to any point in history.
　　假设你是李华,你校校报的《英语角》栏目正在举办科幻故事征文比赛,请你用英语写一个关于遇到外星人的故事参加比赛。内容包括:
1.时间,地点;
2.主要情节;
3.你的感受。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.故事题目已经给出,不计入总词数。
Meeting with an Alien
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　　　 adj.愚蠢的;荒谬的;荒唐的
2.　　　　 n.预约;约会;委任
3.　　　　 vt.悬;挂;暂停;暂缓
4.　　　　 n.梯子;阶梯
5.　　　　 vt.表明;宜称;公布
6.　　　　 n.外星人(生物);外国人
adj.陌生的;外星的;外国的
7.　　　　 adj.模糊不清的;难以区分的
8.　　　　 n.操纵杆;杠杆
9.　　　　 vt.& vi.紧握;抓紧
10.　　　　 vt.使震惊,使昏迷
11.　　　　 n.强烈的欲望;冲动
vt.催促;力劝;大力推荐
12.　　　 (逐渐)减少;消失
【答案】 1.ridiculous　2.appointment　3.suspend　4.ladder　5.declare　6.alien　7.blurred　8.lever　9.grip　10.stun　11.urge　12.fall away
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.昨晚,当我正在公园散步时,突然,一艘宇宙飞船出现并悬停在空中。
Last night,when I was walking in the park,suddenly,a spaceship appeared and 　　　　　　　.
2.一个外星人走了出来。起初它的身影很模糊。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.At first its figure was 　　　　　　　　　　.
3.正是这个外星人催促我跟着它进入宇宙飞船。
It was the alien that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 into the spaceship.
4.我惊呆了,但还是照它说的做了。
I 　　　　　　　　　　　 but did as it said.
5.在里面,有许多奇怪的操纵杆和梯子。
Inside,there were many strange 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
6.我极度紧张,紧紧地握住梯子。
I was extremely nervous and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
7.就在那时,地板似乎消失了。太可怕了!
Just then,the floor seemed to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.It was so terrifying!
8.过了一会儿,外星人宣称这只是一次与我见面的约定,然后就把我送了回来。
After a while,the alien 　　　　　　　　 it was just 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and then sent me back.
9.这次经历既荒唐又令人难忘。我永远都不会相信它发生了。
This experience was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that I would never believe it had happened.
【答案】 1.suspended in the air　2.An alien came out;very blurred　3.urged me to follow him　4.was stunned　5.levers and ladders 6.gripped the ladder tightly　7.fall away　8.declared that;an appointment to meet me 9.ridiculous and unforgettable
1.用whose引导的定语从句升级句2。
2.用as引导的让步状语从句升级句4。
3.用“代词+of which”引导的非限制性定语从句升级句5。
4.用分词作状语升级句6。
5.用倒装句升级句9。
【答案】 1.An alien whose figure was blurred at first came out.
2.Stunned as I was,I did as it said.
3.Inside,there were many levers and ladders,some of which were very strange.
4.Gripping the ladder tightly,I was extremely nervous.
5.So ridiculous and unforgettable was this experience that I would never believe it had happened.
Meeting with an Alien
Last night,when I was walking in the park,suddenly,a spaceship appeared and suspended in the air.An alien whose figure was blurred at first came out.
It was the alien that urged me to follow him into the spaceship.Stunned as I was,I did as it said.Inside,there were many levers and ladders,some of which were very strange.Gripping the ladder tightly,I was extremely nervous.Just then,the floor seemed to fall away,it was so terrifying!
After a while,the alien declared that it was just an appointment to meet me and then sent me back.So ridiculous and unforgettable was this experience that I would never believe it had happened.
　　你校英语俱乐部将举办主题为“我的时光机”的英语故事分享活动。请根据以下要点,发挥自己的想象力,用英语写一个小故事。要点如下:
1.时光机的样子与功能;
2.你乘时光机去的地方,看到的东西;
3.你的感受。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
　　One possible version:
My time machine has two buttons.One can lead to the prehistoric period and the other one can lead to the future.
One day,after I pressed the button to the future,the time machine carried me into the time tunnel.When I opened my eyes,I arrived in a brand-new floating city.In the city,many strange carriage-like small planes were floating above the ground.In this city where robots were easy to see everywhere,people were working busily at a rapid pace and AI,of course,became helpful assistants.After hanging around the city for several hours,the time machine transported me back to reality.
It sounds a little fancy but in my view,with high technology developing,our society will become more and more intelligent.
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写 微技能之“点” 情感描写 alarmed adj.感到震惊的;惊慌的　ridiculous adj.愚蠢的;荒谬的;荒唐的　embarrassed adj.尴尬的　absurd adj.荒谬的;荒唐的　awful adj.糟糕的;极坏的　innocent adj.无辜的;天真的　guilty adj.内疚的;有罪的;有过失的 stunned adj.震惊的;目瞪口呆的　impatient adj.不耐烦的　with wonder 惊讶地
动作描写 weep v.哭泣;流泪　test out 检验;测试　scream v.尖叫　dismiss vt.让(某人)离开;解散;解雇;消除　grip v.紧握;抓牢　take over 占上风;取而代之;接管;接手　turn v.转动;翻转;转变　fetch vt.(去)拿来;(去)请来　push v.推;推动;逼迫　pull v.拉;拖;拔 　push away推开　draw a breath吸一口气
人物描写 tall and handsome 又高又帅　a deep voice 低沉的嗓音　smooth hair 柔顺的头发　make herself more beautiful 使她自己更漂亮
修辞描写 like an impatient 像一个不耐烦的……
读后续写 微技能之“线” However,when she first saw the robot,she felt alarmed.(心理描写) He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice,although his facial expression never changed.(外貌描写) She felt embarrassed and quickly told him to go.(心理描写) She looked at his fingers with wonder as they turned each page.(动作描写) How absurd,she thought.He was just a machine.(心理描写) How awful to be discovered by her,Claire thought.(心理描写) Although it was completely innocent,Claire felt guilty.(情感描写) She screamed,pushed him away,and ran to her room.(动作链描写) I drew a breath,gripped the lever and pushed it forwards.(动作链描写)
读后续写 微技能之“面” 读后续写——意外闯入陌生房间 一个阳光明媚的下午,莉莉正匆匆赶去参加一场聚会。在试图打开一扇陌生的门时,她紧紧握住门把手,深吸一口气,然后用力推。突然,她听到一声巨响,门以一种意想不到的方式打开了。她愣了一会儿,随后惊恐地发现自己置身于一个满是陌生人的房间里。她试图把门拉上,但门纹丝不动。既尴尬又不耐烦,她尖叫了起来。就在这时,一个有着柔顺头发且高大帅气的男子走了过来。他温柔地帮她解决了问题。莉莉因自己的过度反应而感到有点内疚,红着脸向他道谢。 One sunny afternoon,Lily was in a hurry to attend a party.While trying to open a strange door,she 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,drew a breath,and pushed it hard.Suddenly,she heard a loud noise and the door opened in an unexpected way. 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,then alarmed to find herself in a room full of strangers.She tried to pull the door closed,but it wouldn’t move.3.　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　,she let out a scream.Just then,4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 came up.He gently helped her solve the problem.Lily 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 for her overreaction and thanked him with a blushing face. 【答案】 1.gripped the handle tightly　2.She was stunned for a moment　3.Embarrassed and impatient　4.a tall and handsome man with smooth hair　5.felt a bit guilty
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.appointment n.预约;约会;委任;任命;职位→appoint vt.任命;委派;指定;约定→appointed adj.指定的;约定的
2.guilty adj.内疚的;有罪的;有过失的→guilt n.内疚;罪行;罪过
3.dismiss vt.让(某人)离开;解散;解雇;消除;不予考虑→dismissive adj.轻蔑的;鄙视的→dismissal n.解雇
4.suspend vt.悬;挂;暂停;暂缓→suspension n.暂停;中止
5.declare vt.表明;宣称;公布→declaration n.宣称;声明;公告
6.calculate vt.计算;核算;预测→calculation n.计算;估计→calculator n.计算器
7.superior adj.更好的;占优势的;(在级别或重要性上)更高的→superiority n.优越;优势;优越性
8.inaction n.无行动;不采取措施→inactive adj.不活动的;不活跃的→inactively adv.不活跃地;消极地
9.division n.分开;分隔;差异;除(法)→divide vt.分开;分隔;分配;除→divided adj.分开的;分裂的;有分歧的
10.urge n.强烈的欲望;冲动 v.催促;力劝;大力推荐→urgent adj.紧急的;迫切的→urgency n.紧急;紧迫
11.explode vi.& vt.爆炸;爆破→explosion n.爆炸;爆发→explosive adj.易爆炸的;爆发性的
12.stun vt.使震惊,使昏迷→stunning adj.令人震惊的→stunned adj.震惊的;目瞪口呆的
13.mud n.泥;泥浆→muddy adj.多泥的
14.overstatement n.夸大;夸张→overstate vt.夸大;言过其实
Ⅱ.重点词块
1.test out　　　　　　 检验;测试;考验
2.more like 更像是;更接近
3.or rather 更确切地说
4.fall off 摔落;跌落
5.more than 不只是,不仅仅
6.be aware of 意识到
7.pros and cons 事物的利与弊;支持与反对
8.superior to 比……更好;更胜一筹
9.take over 占上风;取而代之;接管;接手
10.conflict with 与……冲突或抵触
11.turn out 关掉;熄灭;在场;使朝外;结果是
12.fall away (逐渐)减少;消失
13.have an urge to 有强烈的欲望做某事
14.so long as 只要……就……
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.it is/was+adj.+that从句
Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot(一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬),but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.
句式仿写
(读后续写之情感描写)She thought it was amazing(觉得十分惊喜) that she received a handwritten letter from a long-lost friend after all these years.
2.完全倒装结构
As she turned around,there stood Gladys Claffern(格拉迪丝·克拉芬正站在那里).
句式仿写
(读后续写之场景描写)As the curtain rose,on the stage stood an actor.(一位演员站在舞台上)
3.suggest that+主语+(should) do...
He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house(邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友们到家里来) the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.
句式仿写
The teacher suggested that we review all the important knowledge(我们复习所有重要知识) before the final exam.
4.It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+...强调句型
It was at ten o’clock today that(是今天上午十点) the first of all Time Machines began its career.
句式仿写
It was in the small village that(是在这个小村庄里) they found the long-hidden treasure.
5.as if引导状语从句
Night came as if a lamp was being turned out(仿佛有人把灯熄灭了),and in another moment came the day.
句式仿写
(读后续写之场景描写)The wind blew fiercely,as if it were going to tear the whole building apart(仿佛要把整栋大楼都撕裂).(共99张PPT)
Part 2
Using Language,Assessing Your Progress,Video Time
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. 　　 adj.模糊不清的;难以区分的
2. n.英寸(长度单位,等于2.54厘米)
3. 〔NAmE backward〕
adv.向后;倒着;往回
4. vt.& vi.紧握;抓紧
5. adj.模糊的;朦胧的;困惑的
写作词汇
blurred
inch
backwards
grip
hazy
6. vt.(去)拿来;(去)请来
7. n.速度;步伐;节奏
vt.& vi.确定速度;调整节奏
8. n.(烟、气等的)一缕;少量;喘息
9. n.震动;摇晃;颠簸
vt.& vi.(使)震动;摇晃
10. vt.& vi.(使)快速翻转;(用手指)轻抛
fetch
pace
puff
jolt
flip
1.labour　　　　 〔US labor〕
n.
vi.
2.leather n. ;[pl.]
3.lever n.
4.panel n.
5.niece n.
劳动(者);体力劳动
阅读词汇
奋斗;努力工作
皮革
皮衣;皮外套
操纵杆;杠杆
控制板;仪表盘;专家咨询组
侄女;外甥女
6.handkerchief n.
7.lamp n.
8.random adj.
9.maximum adj.
n.
手帕;纸巾
灯;台灯
随机的;不可思议的
最大极限的
最大量;最大限度
拓展词汇
1. adj.更好的;占优势的;(在级别或重要性上)更高的→superiority n.优越;优势;优越性
2. n.无行动;不采取措施→inactive adj.不活动的;不活跃的→
inactively adv.不活跃地;消极地
3. n.分开;分隔;差异;除(法) →divide vt.分开;分隔;分配;除→
divided adj.分开的;分裂的;有分歧的
superior
inaction
division
4. n.强烈的欲望;冲动 v.催促;力劝;大力推荐→urgent adj.紧急的;紧迫的→urgency n.紧急;紧迫
5. vi.& vt.爆炸;爆破→explosion n.爆炸;爆发→explosive adj.易爆炸的;爆发性的
6. vt.使震惊,使昏迷→stunning adj.令人震惊的→stunned adj.震惊的;目瞪口呆的
7. n.泥;泥浆→muddy adj.泥泞的
8. n.夸大;夸张→overstate vt.夸大;言过其实
urge
explode
stun
mud
overstatement
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.pros and cons　　　　
2.superior to
3.take over
4.beside the point
5.remind sb of...
6.conflict with
事物的利与弊;支持与反对
比……更好;更胜一筹
占上风;取而代之;接管;接手
离题
使某人想起……
与……冲突或抵触
7.turn out
8.fall away
9.have an urge to
10.so long as
11.due to
12.switch off
关掉;熄灭;在场;使朝外;结果是
(逐渐)减少;消失
有强烈的欲望做某事
只要……就……
因为,由于
关掉;切断
重点句型
1. the first of all Time Machines began its career.(It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+...强调句型)
今天上午十点,所有时间机器中的第一台开始了其运转之旅。
2.Night came ,and in another moment came the day.(as if引导的状语从句)
夜幕降临,仿佛有人把灯熄灭了,转眼间,白昼又来临了。
It was at ten o’clock today that
as if a lamp was being turned out
3. ,it didn’t matter.(so long as引导的条件状语从句)
只要我以最高的速度前进,就不会有什么问题。
So long as I travelled at maximum speed
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与社会——写一则短篇科幻故事
2.语篇类型:科幻小说
3.课文内容分析:
本文改编自英国科幻作家赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯所著的《时间机器》。第一段讲述“我”第一次尝试启动时间机器;第二段介绍时间机器的正式启动;第三段介绍在机器加速后,“我”乘坐时间机器的各种感受;第四段重点介绍“我”在停止时间机器前的心理活动;最后一段交代“我”终于停止了机器的运行,结果跨越千年,到达未来。阅读本文,有利于学生拓宽视野,了解“时间旅行”主题在科幻作品中的意义,培养创新思维。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
invisible
fell away
thrown
the future
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.How does the Time Traveller first know he has travelled through time
[A]The laboratory remains exactly as before.
[B]His niece tells him.
[C]He realises the time from the clock on the wall.
[D]The time machine tells him.
C
(　　)2.Why does the Time Traveller feel strange and unpleasant during the time travel
[A]The time machine has been poorly designed.
[B]He is travelling through time at such a high speed.
[C]He suffers from the time lag.
[D]He feels the time travel sick.
B
(　　)3.Why is the Time Traveller worried about stopping the machine
[A]Because he will lose control of the machine.
[B]Because the machine will be flashed before his eyes.
[C]Because the machine will become so fast that he can’t stop it.
[D]Because the same space will be possessed by other things.
D
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.superior adj.更好的;占优势的;(在级别或重要性上)更高的 n.上级;上司
·superiority n.优越;优势;优越性
[教材原句] In sci-fi stories,robots often become superior and take over.
在科幻小说中,机器人通常(比人类)更胜一筹,(在各方面)占上风。
例(应用文写作之推荐信)In terms of environmental protection,electric vehicles are superior to traditional gasoline-powered cars as they produce zero emissions.
在环境保护方面,电动汽车比传统的汽油动力汽车更胜一筹,因为它们零排放。
例(应用文写作之申请信)The local specialty handicrafts are superior in traditional craftsmanship,attracting a large number of tourists.
当地特色手工艺品在传统工艺方面更优越,吸引了大量的游客。
be superior to比……更好,更胜一筹;(在级别、
重要性或职位上)更高的
be superior in...在……方面优越
归纳拓展
be superior to比……更好,更胜一筹;(在级别、重要性或职位上)更高的
be superior in...在……方面优越
①superior用作形容词时,本身含有“较”的意思,故不再用比较级或最高级形式。
②和superior to用法类似的词有:inferior to(比……差/级别低);senior to
(比……年长/职位高);junior to(比……年轻/职位低)等。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The design of this new car is superior 　　　　 that of its competitors on the market.
This new model of robot is superior 　　　　 task execution to other models,offering high accuracy and efficiency.
在英语口语方面,我的发音和语调相较于其他同学来说可能有些不足。
In terms of spoken English,my pronunciation and intonation may be
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
to
in
inferior to those of other classmates
[教材原句] In sci-fi stories,robots often become superior and take over.
在科幻小说中,机器人通常(比人类)更胜一筹,(在各方面)占上风。
例My parents urged me to be patient and never let negative thoughts take over.
我的父母敦促我要有耐心,永远不要让消极的想法占据上风。
例He took off his wet shoes and socks as soon as he entered the house.
他一进家门就脱下了湿鞋子和袜子。
2.take over 占上风;取而代之;接管;接手
归纳拓展
take off起飞;匆匆离去;脱下;迅速流行
take on呈现;雇用;承担
take up拿起;开始从事;占据(时间、空间等)
take in包括;吸收;理解;欺骗;收留
take down记下;拆除
[语境运用] 一词多义/语段填空
The experienced nurse took over the patient’s care from the junior nurse.
　　　 　　　　
Streaming services have taken over traditional TV channels for many young viewers.　　　　　 　　
The government took over the situation quickly after the natural disaster.　　　 　　　　
Our team took over in the second half of the game and finally won.
　　　　 　　　
接管、接手(职责、权力、公司等)　
取代、替代(某人或某物)
控制、掌管(区域、局势等)
占上风;取得优势(在比赛、竞争等中)　
在他决定开始从事绘画之后,他发起了创作一幅杰作的挑战。有一天,当他全神贯注于他的作品时,一位陷入困境的朋友找到了他,他毫不犹豫地收留了这位朋友。就在他的绘画技艺开始迅速提升的时候,他接到了老板的电话,要求他接手一个重要项目。他陷入了两难之中。
After he decided to 　　　　　　　　　　　 ,he started the challenge of creating a masterpiece.One day,while he was deeply engrossed in his work,a friend in trouble came to him,and he didn’t hesitate to 　　　　　 　his friend.Just as his painting skills were starting to 　　　　　　　 　,he received a call from his boss asking him to 　　　　　　　　 an important project.He was caught in a dilemma.
take up painting
take in
take off
take over
[教材原句] A ROBOT MUST OBEY THE ORDERS GIVEN IT BY HUMAN BEINGS EXCEPT WHERE SUCH ORDERS WOULD CONFLICT WITH THE FIRST LAW.
机器人必须服从人类给它的命令,除非这些命令与第一定律相冲突。
例The two colleagues were in conflict with each other due to a difference in work style.
两位同事因工作风格的差异而彼此产生了冲突。
3.conflict with 与……冲突或抵触
in conflict with...与……有冲突/矛盾
例Her stubbornness brought her into conflict with the whole team.
她的固执使她与整个团队发生了冲突。
例(应用文写作之演讲稿)The conflict over the cultural differences between the tourists and the locals cannot be ignored.
游客和当地人之间在文化差异方面的争议不容忽视。
bring sb into conflict with 使某人与……发生冲突
the conflict over.../between...and...关于……的冲突/……和……之间的冲突
归纳拓展
·conflict with...与……有冲突/矛盾
·in conflict with...与……有冲突/矛盾
come into conflict with...与……产生冲突/矛盾
bring sb into conflict with 使某人与……发生冲突
the conflict over.../between...and...关于……的冲突/……和……之间的冲突
[语境运用] 语段填空
(应用文写作之建议信)得知你和你同桌发生冲突,我写信给你一些建议。首先,学生因为一些小事与其他人产生冲突是正常的。其次,当你与他人有冲突时,你最好保持冷静。总之,只有你设身处地为他人着想,你才会毫不费力地解决这些冲突。
Learning that you have 　　　　　　　 your deskmate,I am writing to offer you some tips.Firstly,it is not unusual that students 　　　　　　　　　　　　 others over some small things.Besides,when you are 　　　　　　　　　　others,you had better keep calm.All in all,only if you put yourself in others’ shoes will you solve these 　　　 　 without difficulty.
conflicted with
come into conflict with
in conflict with
conflicts
[教材原句] Night came as if a lamp was being turned out,and in another moment came the day.
夜幕降临了,仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭,转眼间,白昼就来临了。
例(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)They turned out largely ineffective.
结果证明,他们基本上无效。
4.turn out 关掉;熄灭;在场;使朝外;结果是
例When you finish using the library books,you should turn them in on time.
当你用完图书馆的书后,你应该按时归还。
例(应用文写作之演讲稿)When leaving the office,make sure to turn off all the electrical appliances.
离开办公室时,务必关掉所有电器。
turn in上交;交还,退还
turn off关闭(水、煤气、电灯等)
归纳拓展
turn up调高(音量等);出现
turn down调低(音量等);拒绝
turn on打开(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn off关闭(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn to求助于;致力于;翻到(书的某页);查阅;转向
turn in上交;交还,退还
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
When the party started,they turned 　　　 　 the speakers to create a lively atmosphere.
She turned 　　　　 his invitation to the dance because she had other plans.
What annoys my grandmother is that I like 　　　　　　　　 (开灯) but often forget to 　　　　　　　　　(把它们关掉).
(读后续写之场景描写)Many of his old friends 　　　　　　　　　　 (出现在聚会上),sharing good memories.
up
down　
turning on lights
turn them off
turned up at the party
[教材原句] As my pace grew faster,the walls of the laboratory fell away,and I was left in the open air.
我的速度越来越快,实验室的墙壁随之坍塌,我置身野外。
例(应用文写作之建议信)Study at your own pace and never lose heart,and you will make progress in time.
按照自己的进度学习,不要灰心,你最终会取得进步的。
5.pace n.速度;步伐;节奏 vt.& vi.确定速度;调整节奏
at one’s own pace按某人自己的节奏
例(读后续写之动作描写)She paced up and down in the kitchen,and then wandered down to the gate and back.
她在厨房踱来踱去,然后遛达到大门口又回来。
pace up and down 来回踱步
归纳拓展
·keep pace with sb/sth与……齐头并进;与……步调一致
at one’s own pace按某人自己的节奏
·pace oneself 调整自己的节奏
pace up and down 来回踱步
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Mr Zhang walked in the front of the group 　　　　 a leisurely pace.
During the long-distance running,it’s important to pace 　　　　 (you).
(读后续写之动作描写)In the race,she managed to
　　　　 　　 (与跑得最快的选手并驾齐驱) for a while.
Each learner can progress 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (按照他们自己的节奏) in this online course.
at
yourself
keep pace with the
fastest runner
at their own pace
[教材原句] As my pace grew faster,the walls of the laboratory fell away,and I was left in the open air.
我的速度越来越快,实验室的墙壁随之坍塌,我置身野外。
6.fall away (逐渐)减少;消失
例After joining a new club,her initial enthusiasm for the activities seemed to fall away quite quickly.
加入新社团后,她起初对活动的热情似乎很快就消退了。
例(读后续写之场景描写)As the old house was shaken by the earthquake,its walls began to fall apart,and the family inside rushed out in panic.
随着老房子因地震晃动,墙壁开始崩裂,里面的一家人惊慌失措地冲了出来。
fall apart破碎;破裂;崩溃
例(读后续写之动作描写)The puppy was so excited that it ran around quickly and accidentally fell over a small stone on the grass.
小狗兴奋极了,飞快地跑来跑去,不小心被草地上的一块小石头绊倒了。
fall over倒下,摔倒;被……绊倒
归纳拓展
fall off从……摔下(其后直接接宾语)
fall apart破碎;破裂;崩溃
fall behind落后;跟不上
fall over倒下,摔倒;被……绊倒
[语境运用] 完成句子
(读后续写之动作描写)He was running around the living room excitedly when he suddenly 　　　　　　　　(被一个玩具绊倒) and started to cry.
(读后续写之动作描写)While trying to pick apples from the tall tree,Jack lost his footing and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (从一根粗壮的树枝上摔了下来),landing on the soft grass below.
(应用文写作之报道)During the cross-country race,Tom started well but
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (逐渐落后) as he lacked the stamina to keep up with the others.
fell over a toy
fell off a thick branch
gradually fell behind
·urgent adj.紧急的;急迫的
·urgency n.紧急;紧迫
[教材原句] I had a strong urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes!
我有一种强烈的欲望,想看看眼前那些随机闪现的东西!
7.urge n.强烈的欲望;冲动 vt.催促;力劝;大力推荐
例She urged her friend to run faster,as they were being chased by a wild dog.
她催促她的朋友跑得再快点,因为他们正被一只野狗追赶。
例(应用文写作之倡议书)It is urged that we students take regular exercise to keep fit and energetic.
我们学生被敦促要经常锻炼以保持健康和精力充沛。
urge sb to do sth敦促/催促/力劝某人做某事
urge/It is urged that...(should) do sth 极力主张……做某事(从句用虚拟语气)
例(读后续写之情感描写)When she saw the beautiful dress in the store window,she had an urge to buy it immediately.
当她看到商店橱窗里那件漂亮的连衣裙时,她有一种立刻买下它的强烈欲望。
have an urge to do sth 有强烈的欲望做某事
归纳拓展
·urge sb to do sth敦促/催促/力劝某人做某事
urge/It is urged that...(should) do sth 极力主张……做某事(从句用虚拟语气)
·have an urge to do sth 有强烈的欲望做某事
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
There is an 　　　　 (urge) need for more medical supplies in the disaster area.
We must understand the 　 　　　 (urge) of the problem and find a solution as soon as possible.
After a long time of hard work,he had an urge 　　　 　 (take) a vacation.
urgent
urgency　
to take
(应用文写作之建议信)　　　　　　　　　　 (极力主张) that the government should take measures to protect the environment.
(读后续写之动作描写)Seeing the approaching storm,
　　　　　　　　　　 (她催促他去寻找庇护所).
It is urged
she urged him to
seek a shelter
Although I had an urge to buy a bike,my sense of responsibility urged me to hurry home/urged that I (should) hurry home to hand in my hard-earned money to my parents.
尽管我很想买一辆自行车,但是我的责任感敦促我快点回家把我辛苦挣的钱交给父母。
语
境
串
词
重点句式
It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+...强调句型
▲
[教材原句] It was at ten o’clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.
今天上午十点,所有时间机器中的第一台开始了其运转之旅。
例(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)It’s you who make me fall in love with writing,my social studies teacher.
是你让我爱上了写作,我的社会学老师。
例It was because of the heavy rain that he came late.
就是因为下大雨他才来晚了。
例(读后续写之主旨升华)It is the small acts of kindness every day that make our lives more meaningful.
正是每天的小善举让我们的生活更有意义。
归纳拓展
·强调句型的一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分
·强调句型的特殊疑问句:疑问词(被强调部分)+is/was+it+that+句子其他部分
·“not...until...”结构的强调句型:It is/was not until+被强调部分+
that+句子其他部分。
判断句子是否为强调句的方法:去掉“it is/was和“that/who”后,若稍加调整语序,剩余部分在结构和语义上仍然完整,则该句是强调句。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 完成句子/句型转换
(读后续写之主旨升华)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(正是面对恐惧的勇气) allows us to grow and become stronger individuals.
(读后续写之情感描写)The mother exploded with anger,saying,
“　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (到底是什么) caused you to conflict with your colleague ”
It is the courage to face fears that
What was it that
I didn’t realise the significance of family until I went through hardships.
(变为强调句型)
→

The power of love can overcome all difficulties and bring hope to the world.(强调主语)
→

It was not until I went through hardships that I realised the significance
of family.
It is the power of love that can overcome all difficulties and bring hope to the world.
as if/though引导状语从句
▲
[教材原句] Night came as if a lamp was being turned out,and in another moment came the day.
夜幕降临了,仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭,转眼间,白昼就来临了。
例(读后续写之动作描写)She stared at me as if she had never seen me before.
她盯着我看,好像以前从未见过我似的。
例The stars shine brightly as if guiding us for our journey.
星星闪耀着,仿佛在为我们的旅程指引方向。
归纳拓展
·as if/though所引导的从句的内容为不真实或不可能发生的情况时,常用虚拟语气。虚拟现在的情况常用过去式(be的过去式通常用were);虚拟过去的情况常用过去完成时态;虚拟将来的情况常用would/might/could+动词原形。
·as if/though引导状语从句时,若主句和从句的主语一致,从句谓语中又含有be动词时,从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略,构成“as if/though+形容词/名词/介词短语/分词/不定式”的形式。
[语境运用] 完成句子
A young couple in a boat are eating,talking and laughing loudly
　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (好像他们是仅有的人) in the world.
He opened his mouth 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(好像要说些什么).
My head teacher looked at me 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (仿佛看到了年轻的自己).
(读后续写之场景描写)The clouds are gathering 　　　　　　　　 　(仿佛一场暴风雨即将来临).
as if they
were the only people
as if to say something
as if seeing his young self
as if a storm is coming
写作微专题1
A sci-fi short story
文本解读
1.文体类型:科幻故事,属于记叙文范畴,通常在丰富想象的基础上融入科学技术的发展和对人类未来的展望。
2.要点内容:(1)时光旅行者第一次乘坐时光机旅行的所见、所想、所感。(2)时光旅行者是如何停止时光机的运行来结束旅行的。
[思路指引]
实用表达
短篇科幻故事常用句式。
I often dream about time travelling.
Perhaps we will be able to...
Travel will be easier for us because...
As time goes by/With time going by,there’re going to be great changes in...
The spaceship/time machine is mainly controlled by...
Cars and buses are all computer-programmed.
Looking around,I find myself surrounded by many smart devices.
Imagine a future where time travelling is possible.We are free to travel through time to any point in history.
佳作建构
假设你是李华,你校校报的《英语角》栏目正在举办科幻故事征文比赛,请你用英语写一个关于遇到外星人的故事参加比赛。内容包括:
1.时间,地点;
2.主要情节;
3.你的感受。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.故事题目已经给出,不计入总词数。
Meeting with an Alien
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　 　　　　　　 adj.愚蠢的;荒谬的;荒唐的
2.　　 　　 n.预约;约会;委任
3.　　　　 vt.悬;挂;暂停;暂缓
4.　　　　 n.梯子;阶梯
5.　　　　 vt.表明;宜称;公布
6.　　　　 n.外星人(生物);外国人
adj.陌生的;外星的;外国的
ridiculous
appointment
suspend
ladder
declare
alien　
7.　　 　　 adj.模糊不清的;难以区分的
8.　　　　 n.操纵杆;杠杆
9.　　　　 vt.& vi.紧握;抓紧
10.　　　　 vt.使震惊,使昏迷
11.　　　　 n.强烈的欲望;冲动
vt.催促;力劝;大力推荐
12.　　 　 (逐渐)减少;消失
blurred　
lever
grip
stun
urge
fall away
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.昨晚,当我正在公园散步时,突然,一艘宇宙飞船出现并悬停在空中。
Last night,when I was walking in the park,suddenly,a spaceship appeared and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
2.一个外星人走了出来。起初它的身影很模糊。
　　　　　　　　　.At first its figure was　　　　　　　　　　.
suspended in the air
An alien came out
very blurred
3.正是这个外星人催促我跟着它进入宇宙飞船。
It was the alien that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 into the spaceship.
4.我惊呆了,但还是照它说的做了。
I 　　　　　　　　　　　 but did as it said.
5.在里面,有许多奇怪的操纵杆和梯子。
Inside,there were many strange 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
urged me to follow him
was stunned
levers and ladders
6.我极度紧张,紧紧地握住梯子。
I was extremely nervous and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
7.就在那时,地板似乎消失了。太可怕了!
Just then,the floor seemed to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.It was so terrifying!
gripped the ladder tightly　
fall away
8.过了一会儿,外星人宣称这只是一次与我见面的约定,然后就把我送了回来。
After a while,the alien 　　　　　　 it was just
and then sent me back.
9.这次经历既荒唐又令人难忘。我永远都不会相信它发生了。
This experience was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that I would never believe it had happened.
declared that
an appointment to meet me
ridiculous and unforgettable
亮点提升
1.用whose引导的定语从句升级句2。
An alien whose figure was blurred at first came out.
2.用as引导的让步状语从句升级句4。
Stunned as I was,I did as it said.
3.用“代词+of which”引导的非限制性定语从句升级句5。
Inside,there were many levers and ladders,some of which were very strange.
4.用分词作状语升级句6。
Gripping the ladder tightly,I was extremely nervous.
5.用倒装句升级句9。
So ridiculous and unforgettable was this experience that I would never believe it had happened.
范文展示
Meeting with an Alien
Last night,when I was walking in the park,suddenly,a spaceship appeared and suspended in the air.An alien whose figure was blurred at first came out.
It was the alien that urged me to follow him into the spaceship.Stunned as I was,I did as it said.Inside,there were many levers and ladders,some of which were very strange.Gripping the ladder tightly,I was extremely nervous.Just then,the floor seemed to fall away,it was so terrifying!
After a while,the alien declared that it was just an appointment to meet me and then sent me back.So ridiculous and unforgettable was this experience that I would never believe it had happened.
写作练习
你校英语俱乐部将举办主题为“我的时光机”的英语故事分享活动。请根据以下要点,发挥自己的想象力,用英语写一个小故事。要点如下:
1.时光机的样子与功能;
2.你乘时光机去的地方,看到的东西;
3.你的感受。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
写作指导
　　One possible version:
My time machine has two buttons.One can lead to the prehistoric period and the other one can lead to the future.
One day,after I pressed the button to the future,the time machine carried me into the time tunnel.When I opened my eyes,I arrived in a brand-new floating city.In the city,many strange carriage-like small planes were floating above the ground.In this city where robots were easy to see everywhere,people were working busily at a rapid pace and AI,of course,
became helpful assistants.After hanging around the city for several hours,
the time machine transported me back to reality.
It sounds a little fancy but in my view,with high technology developing,
our society will become more and more intelligent.
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写 微技能之“点” 情感描写 alarmed adj.感到震惊的;惊慌的　ridiculous adj.愚蠢的;荒谬的;荒唐的　embarrassed adj.尴尬的　absurd adj.荒谬的;荒唐的　awful adj.糟糕的;极坏的　innocent adj.无辜的;天真的　guilty adj.内疚的;有罪的;有过失的
stunned adj.震惊的;目瞪口呆的　impatient adj.不耐烦的　with wonder 惊讶地
动作描写 weep v.哭泣;流泪　test out 检验;测试　scream v.尖叫　dismiss vt.让(某人)离开;解散;解雇;消除　grip v.紧握;抓牢　take over 占上风;取而代之;接管;接手　turn v.转动;翻转;转变　fetch vt.(去)拿来;(去)请来　push v.推;推动;逼迫　pull v.拉;拖;拔 　push away推开　draw a breath吸一口气
人物描写 tall and handsome 又高又帅　a deep voice 低沉的嗓音　smooth hair 柔顺的头发　make herself more beautiful 使她自己更漂亮
修辞描写 like an impatient 像一个不耐烦的……
读后续写 微技能之“线” However,when she first saw the robot,she felt alarmed.(心理描写)
He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice,although his facial expression never changed.(外貌描写)
She felt embarrassed and quickly told him to go.(心理描写)
She looked at his fingers with wonder as they turned each page.(动作描写)
How absurd,she thought.He was just a machine.(心理描写)
How awful to be discovered by her,Claire thought.(心理描写)
Although it was completely innocent,Claire felt guilty.(情感描写)
She screamed,pushed him away,and ran to her room.(动作链描写)
I drew a breath,gripped the lever and pushed it forwards.(动作链描写)
读后续写 微技能之“面” 读后续写——意外闯入陌生房间
一个阳光明媚的下午,莉莉正匆匆赶去参加一场聚会。在试图打开一扇陌生的门时,她紧紧握住门把手,深吸一口气,然后用力推。突然,她听到一声巨响,门以一种意想不到的方式打开了。她愣了一会儿,随后惊恐地发现自己置身于一个满是陌生人的房间里。她试图把门拉上,但门纹丝不动。既尴尬又不耐烦,她尖叫了起来。就在这时,一个有着柔顺头发且高大帅气的男子走了过来。他温柔地帮她解决了问题。莉莉因自己的过度反应而感到有点内疚,红着脸向他道谢。
One sunny afternoon,Lily was in a hurry to attend a party.While trying to open a strange door,she 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　,drew a breath,and pushed it hard.Suddenly,she heard a loud noise and the door opened in an unexpected way.2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　,then alarmed to find herself in a room full of strangers.She tried to pull the door closed,but it wouldn’t move.3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　,she let out a scream.Just then,4.　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 came up.He gently helped her solve the problem.Lily 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　for her overreaction and thanked him with a blushing face.
gripped the handle tightly　
She was stunned for a moment　
Embarrassed and impatient　
a tall and handsome man with smooth hair　
felt a bit guilty
重点知识回顾
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.appointment n.预约;约会;委任;任命;职位→ vt.任命;委派;指定;约定→ adj.指定的;约定的
2.guilty adj.内疚的;有罪的;有过失的→ n.内疚;罪行;罪过
3.dismiss vt.让(某人)离开;解散;解雇;消除;不予考虑→ adj.轻蔑的;鄙视的→ n.解雇
appoint
appointed
guilt
dismissive
dismissal
4.suspend vt.悬;挂;暂停;暂缓→ n.暂停;中止
5.declare vt.表明;宣称;公布→ n.宣称;声明;公告
6.calculate vt.计算;核算;预测→ n.计算;估计→ n.计算器
7.superior adj.更好的;占优势的;(在级别或重要性上)更高的→
n.优越;优势;优越性
suspension
declaration
calculation
calculator
superiority
8.inaction n.无行动;不采取措施→ adj.不活动的;不活跃的→
adv.不活跃地;消极地
9.division n.分开;分隔;差异;除(法)→ vt.分开;分隔;分配;除→
adj.分开的;分裂的;有分歧的
10.urge n.强烈的欲望;冲动 v.催促;力劝;大力推荐→ adj.紧急的;迫切的→ n.紧急;紧迫
inactive
inactively
divide
divided
urgent
urgency
11.explode vi.& vt.爆炸;爆破→ n.爆炸;爆发→ adj.易爆炸的;爆发性的
12.stun vt.使震惊,使昏迷→ adj.令人震惊的→ adj.震惊的;目瞪口呆的
13.mud n.泥;泥浆→ adj.多泥的
14.overstatement n.夸大;夸张→ vt.夸大;言过其实
explosion
explosive
stunning
stunned
muddy
overstate
Ⅱ.重点词块
1. 　　　　　　 检验;测试;考验
2. 更像是;更接近
3. 更确切地说
4. 摔落;跌落
5. 不只是,不仅仅
6. 意识到
7. 事物的利与弊;支持与反对
test out
more like
or rather
fall off
more than
be aware of
pros and cons
8. 比……更好;更胜一筹
9. 占上风;取而代之;接管;接手
10. 与……冲突或抵触
11. 关掉;熄灭;在场;使朝外;结果是
12. (逐渐)减少;消失
13. 有强烈的欲望做某事
14. 只要……就……
superior to
take over
conflict with
turn out
fall away
have an urge to
so long as
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.it is/was+adj.+that从句
Claire thought
(一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬),but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.
句式仿写
(读后续写之情感描写)She (觉得十分惊喜) that she received a handwritten letter from a long-lost friend after all these years.
it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a
robot
thought it was amazing
2.完全倒装结构
As she turned around, (格拉迪丝·克拉芬正站在那里).
句式仿写
(读后续写之场景描写)As the curtain rose, .(一位演员站在舞台上)
there stood Gladys Claffern
on the stage stood an actor
3.suggest that+主语+(should) do...
He suggested that (邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友们到家里来) the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.
句式仿写
The teacher suggested that (我们复习所有重要知识) before the final exam.
she invite Gladys and her friends to the house
we review all the important knowledge
4.It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+...强调句型
(是今天上午十点) the first of all Time Machines began its career.
句式仿写
(是在这个小村庄里) they found the long-hidden treasure.
It was at ten o’clock today that
It was in the small village that
5.as if引导状语从句
Night came (仿佛有人把灯熄灭了),and in another moment came the day.
句式仿写
(读后续写之场景描写)The wind blew fiercely,
(仿佛要把整栋大楼都撕裂).
as if a lamp was being turned out
as if it were going to tear
the whole building apart(共104张PPT)
UNIT 1　
SCIENCE FICTION
[头脑风暴·思维发散]
　　When my latest fiction was completed,I presumed it was a masterpiece.I calculated the potential sales and declared proudly it would be a bestseller.To my surprise,however,my editor said it was more like a collection of random ideas,which conflicted with my view.Then I felt guilty as I realised I’d been overconfident.Whereas I was urging her to promote it,she pointed out the flaws that stunned me.Now I had to revise it thoroughly.
当我最新的小说完成时,我料想它是一部杰作。我计算了一下潜在的销量,自豪地宣布它将成为一部畅销书。然而,令我惊讶的是,我的编辑说它更像是一个随机想法的集合,这与我的观点相矛盾。当我意识到自己过于自信时,我感到很内疚。然而我敦促她推广它时,她指出了令我震惊的缺陷。现在我必须彻底修改它。
Reading and Thinking,Learning About Language
Part 1
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
写作词汇
1. 　　　　 adj.愚蠢的;荒谬的;荒唐的
2. n.薪水;薪金
3. n.指甲;趾甲;钉子
vt.(用钉子)钉牢;固定
4. adj.荒谬的;荒唐的
5. n.梯子;阶梯
ridiculous
salary
nail
absurd
ladder
1.fiction　　　　　n.
2.bonus n.
3.integrity n.
4.dignity n.
5.rumour 〔US rumor〕
n.
6.chairwoman n.
阅读词汇
小说;虚构的事
意外收获;奖金;红利
诚实正直;完整;完好
庄重;庄严;尊严
谣言;传闻
女主席;女董事长;女委员长
7.gramme 〔NAmE gram〕
n.
8.flour n.
9.venue n.
10.alien n.
adj.
克(重量单位)
面粉;(谷物磨成的)粉
活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)
外星人(生物);外国人
陌生的;外星的;外国的
1. n.预约;约会;委任;任命;职位→appoint vt.任命;委派;指定;约定→appointed adj.指定的;约定的
2. adj.内疚的;有罪的;有过失的→guilt n.内疚;罪行;罪过
3. vt.让(某人)离开;解散;解雇;消除;不予考虑→dismissive adj.轻蔑的;鄙视的→dismissal n.解雇
拓展词汇
appointment
guilty
dismiss
4. vt.悬;挂;暂停;暂缓→suspension n.暂停;中止
5. vt.表明;宣称;公布→declaration n.宣称;声明;公告
6. vt.计算;核算;预测→calculation n.计算;估计→calculator n.计算器
suspend
declare
calculate
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.test out 　　　　　　　　　
2.on a business trip
3.more like
4.treat sb with...
5.or rather
6.work on
检验;测试;考验
出差
更像是;更接近
用……对待某人
更确切地说
从事于,忙于
7.fall off
8.manage to do sth
9.more than
10.be aware of
11.be charged with...
12.on a...basis
13.as a reward for
14.take sb in one’s arms
摔落;跌落
设法做成某事
不只是,不仅仅
意识到
被控告……
根据;以……的方式(基准)
作为……的回报
拥抱某人
1.Claire thought
,but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.(it is/was +adj.+that从句)
克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬,但她逐渐欣赏托尼的智慧和正直,并且开始信任他。
重点句型
it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a
robot
2.As she turned around, .(完全倒装结构)
她转过身来,却看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬正站在那里。
3.He suggested that the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.[suggest that+主语+
(should) do...]
托尼还建议克莱尔在他离开前,也就是拉里回家的前一天晚上,邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友们到家里来。
there stood Gladys Claffern
she invite Gladys and her friends to the house
4. ,he managed to catch her in time.(even though引导的让步状语从句)
尽管托尼当时在隔壁房间,但他还是及时接住了她。
Even though Tony had been in the next room
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与社会——探索人与机器人的关系
2.语篇类型:科幻小说
3.课文内容分析:
本文改编自阿西莫夫的短篇科幻小说《包你满意》,讲述的是机器人制造公司员工Larry的妻子Claire与测试版家庭机器人Tony之间发生的故事,呈现了Claire对Tony从排斥、警觉,到接受、信任,再到被深深吸引的情感变化过程。阅读本文,有利于学生学习科幻小说这种文学体裁,并能够结合故事内容,初步探讨未来机器人融入人类生活后可能出现的问题和挑战。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
tested out
alarmed
ridiculous
more elegant
new hairstyle
leave
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.Why did Larry bring a robot home
[A]To make his wife happy.
[B]To test out the robot.
[C]To send his wife a gift.
[D]To free his wife from work.
B
(　　)2.What does the word “awful” in Paragraph 6 mean
[A]Interesting
[B]Unlucky.
[C]Terrible.
[D]Amazing.
C
(　　)3.Why did Claire weep when she got home
[A]Her secret was found.
[B]She felt guilty.
[C]She thought she was not as good as Gladys.
[D]Her husband was to return.
C
(　　)4.What can we infer from the last paragraph
[A]Tony falls in love with Claire.
[B]Tony will have a rest that night.
[C]Tony will stay with Claire forever.
[D]Tony,the robot,needs to be improved.
A
(　　)5.What does the passage mainly tell us
[A]It mainly tells us that a robot can do everything better than a man can do.
[B]It mainly tells us that a robot can take the place of a human being.
[C]It mainly tells us about an experiment where a household robot is tested out.
[D]It mainly tells us why a robot falls in love with a human being.
C
二次开发·深研课文
▲
A household robot named Tony was going to 1.　　 　　(test) out in a family by Claire.Claire didn’t like the idea at the beginning,but she agreed to it at last.At her first sight of Tony,Claire felt 2.　　　　(alarm),for the robot seemed more like a human 3.　　　　 a machine,tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice.When Tony offered 4.　　　　 (help) her dress,Claire felt embarrassed.Claire complained that she wasn’t clever so Tony showed sympathy 5.　　　　 her,which she thought was ridiculous.
be tested
alarmed
than
to help
for
6.　　　 　 (gradual),Tony began to win Claire’s trust.As a favour,Tony helped Claire make herself smarter and her home 7.　　　 　(elegant).
In an expensive clothes shop,when the saleswoman was rude to Claire,she rang Tony up for help.Tony made the woman change her attitude and Claire thanked Tony,8.　　　　(say) that he was a “dear”.However,the scene was discovered by Gladys Claffern,so Claire felt 9.　　　　 (guilt).Claire wept after arriving home.And to comfort her,Tony suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house,10.　　　　would have been completely transformed by then.
Gradually
more elegant　
saying
guilty
which
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.appointment n.预约;约会;委任;任命;职位
·appoint vt.任命;委派;指定;约定
·appointed adj.指定的;约定的
[教材原句] She had an appointment to paint her nails,then she went into an expensive clothes shop.
她按预约去美甲后,走进了一家高档时装店。
例 (2024·全国甲卷)“People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke.
“人们一大早就开始排队预约,”埃米尔·杜克说道。
have/make an appointment with sb (to do sth) 与某人预约/约定(做某事)
例(读后续写之情绪描写) She was always appointing me to perform various jobs,which made me explode with anger.
她总是指派我去做各种各样的工作,这让我怒火中烧。
appoint sb to do sth 委派某人去做某事
归纳拓展
·have/make an appointment with sb (to do sth) 与某人预约/约定(做某事)
keep an/the/one’s appointment 赴约;守约
break an/the appointment 失约
by appointment 通过预约
·appoint sb (as/to be)...任命某人(为)……
appoint sb to do sth 委派某人去做某事
·at the appointed time 在指定的时间
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/语段填空
I’m sorry,but I have made 　　　　 appointment with my doctor to have a physical examination next Monday.
The art studio is open to visitors 　　　　 appointment only.
The teacher appointed Lucy 　　　　 (hand) out test papers.
All the participants were required to arrive at the 　　 　　 (appoint) time for the important meeting.
an
by
to hand
appointed
(应用文写作之道歉信)我和这位科幻小说作家在咖啡馆有约。但是由于一位不速之客,我不得不失约。因我不能赴约,请替我传达我真挚的歉意。
I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the science fiction writer at the café.But because of an unexpected visitor,I have to 　　　　　　　　　　 .Please convey my heartfelt apology for not 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
had an appointment with
break the appointment
being able to keep the appointment
语
境
串
词
Tom and John made an appointment with the client.Tom arrived at the appointed time,while John broke the appointment for some reason.Later,
Tom was appointed as/to be the sales manager due to his good performance.
汤姆和约翰与客户约好了。汤姆在指定的时间到达,而约翰却因故失约。后来,汤姆因为良好的表现被任命为销售部经理。
2.guilty adj.内疚的;有罪的;有过失的
·guilt n.内疚;罪行;罪过
[教材原句] Although it was completely innocent,Claire felt guilty.
虽然完全无辜,但是克莱尔还是感到内疚。
例He felt guilty at having told a lie to his best friend.
他因为对自己最好的朋友撒了谎而感到内心有愧。
例(读后续写之心理描写) After arguing with his partner,a strong sense of guilt came over him.
和同伴争吵后,他心中涌起了强烈的内疚感。
be/feel guilty for/about/at 对/为……感到内疚/有愧
a sense of guilt 内疚感
归纳拓展
·be/feel guilty for/about/at 对/为……感到内疚/有愧
be guilty of...犯有……罪
·a sense of guilt 内疚感
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/语段填空
I had a sense of 　　　　 (guilty) that I couldn’t go out with you this weekend.
I am truly guilty 　　 　　 not being there when my friend needed me most.
(读后续写之心理描写)他对犯如此愚蠢的错误感到内疚,眼中涌出内疚的泪水。
He 　　　　　　　 making such a stupid mistake and 　　　　　　welled up in his eyes.
guilt
for/about/at
felt guilty for
tears of guilt
3.dismiss vt.让(某人)离开;解散;解雇;消除;不予考虑
·dismissive adj.轻蔑的;鄙视的
·dismissal n.解雇
[教材原句] The guests would be arriving soon,so Claire dismissed Tony for the rest of the night.
因为客人们很快就要到了,所以克莱尔让托尼结束了当晚的工作。
例(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Students are dismissed an hour and a half early on Wednesdays.
周三学生们提前一个半小时放学。
例The cook was dismissed for his poor cooking.
那个厨师因厨艺太差被解雇了。
dismiss sb for...因……而解雇/开除某人
例(读后续写之情感描写)His boss dismissed his proposal as unrealistic without even considering it carefully,which made him extremely disappointed.
他的老板甚至没有仔细考虑就认为他的提议不切实际,这让他非常失望。
dismiss...as...将……看作……而拒绝接受/不予考虑
归纳拓展
dismiss...as...将……看作……而拒绝接受/不予考虑
dismiss sb for...因……而解雇/开除某人
dismiss sth from...将某事/某物从……消除/去除
“解雇”的其他表达:fire sb;lay sb off;remove sb from...
温馨提示
[语境运用] 一词多义/翻译句子
The teacher dismissed the class ten minutes early.　　　　　　　
If you are late again,you’ll be dismissed.　　　　　　　
He dismissed the idea as suddenly as it had risen.　　　　　　　
He just laughed,and dismissed the question as unimportant.
　　　　　　　
解散
开除;解雇
消除
不予考虑
(读后续写之情绪描写) 让他宽慰的是,教练让他抛开上一场比赛失利的失望情绪,专注于下一场比赛。
To his relief,his coach told him to dismiss the disappointment from the loss of the last game and focus on the next one.
4.declare vt.表明;宣称;公布
·declaration n.宣称;声明;公告
[教材原句] She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day,and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.
克莱尔听到托尼明确表示他次日并不想离开她,而且他心里的愿望不只是让她开心而已。
例Without hesitation he declared that he would never break his word.
他毫不犹豫地宣布他决不食言。
例(读后续写之心理描写) I was surprised and pleased when the teacher declared me to be the winner of the English Speech Contest.
当老师宣布我为这次英语演讲比赛的获胜者时,我又惊又喜。
declare sth/that...宣布……
declare sb/sth as/to be...宣布某人或某事是……
例After considering all the pros and cons,I declared for the decision.
考虑完所有利弊后,我声明赞成这个决定。
declare for 声明赞成
归纳拓展
declare sb/sth as/to be...宣布某人或某事是……
declare for/against 声明赞成/反对
declare war (on/against...) (向……)宣战
declare sth/that...宣布……
It is/was declared that...据宣布……
[词语辨析]
declare 通常指正式、明确地向公众“宣布;声明”,侧重“当众”发表,多用于宣战、议和、宣判等,往往带有权威性,后面可跟复合宾语
announce 指正式地“公开;发表;宣布”,侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情,尤指新闻之类的消息。接间接宾语时,要在间接宾语前加to
The manager declared a new strategy and then announced its details to the staff.
经理宣布了一项新战略,然后向全体员工宣布了其细节。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The judge declared Tom 　　　　　　　　 the winner of the contest.
It 　　　　　　　　(declare) that the new park would open to the public on May Day.
(应用文写作之通知) 　　　　　　　　　　(据宣布) the school sports meeting would be postponed due to bad weather.
(读后续写之情绪描写) Although he boiled with anger,he
　　　　　　　　　　(不愿意宣战) his old friends.
as/to be
was declared
It was declared that
was unwilling to
declare war on
5.on a...basis 根据;以……的方式(基准)
例Our school library adds new books on a monthly basis and the selection is based on students’ interests and suggestions.
我们学校的图书馆每月都会增添新书,并根据学生的兴趣和建议进行选择。
归纳拓展
·on a regular basis 定期地;例行地;有规律地
on a daily/weekly basis 每天/每周
on the basis of...在……的基础上;基于
·base...on/upon...把……置于……基础之上
be based on/upon...以……为基础/根据
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/句式升级
We should do exercise 　　　　 a regular basis to keep healthy.
The film 　　　　 on a true story moved all the audience,which taught me a 　　　　 thing: Never judge a person on the 　　　　 of first impressions.(base)
on
based
basic
basis
(应用文写作之建议信) The novel was based on an interesting story and it was well worth reading.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,the novel was well worth reading.(非谓语动词作状语)
→The novel 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 was well worth reading.(非谓语动词作定语)
Based on an interesting story
based on an interesting story
语
境
串
词
I read the English newspaper for half an hour on a daily basis.On the basis of much reading,I have greatly improved my English.Based on/upon my own experience,I call on all of you to read the English newspaper on a regular basis.
我每天读半小时的英文报。在大量阅读的基础上,我极大地提高了我的英语水平。基于我自己的经历,我呼吁你们所有人定期读英文报。
6.calculate vt.计算;核算;预测
·calculation n.计算;估计
·calculator n.计算器
[教材原句] They believe if AI can handle tasks like calculating and driving for us,we will have more time for creating,thinking,and “being human”.
他们认为,如果人工智能可以为我们处理计算和驾驶等任务,我们将有更多的时间来创造、思考和“做人”。
例It is calculated that the cost of living in this city has increased by 10% in the past year,putting more pressure on the residents.
据估算,在过去一年里,这个城市的生活成本上涨了10%,给居民带来了更大的压力。
例(应用文写作之建议信)You can’t always calculate upon luck in your study;you need to work hard and be persistent.
在学习中你不能总是指望运气,你需要努力并且坚持不懈。
It is calculated that...据估算……
calculate on/upon指望;期待
例(应用文写作之通知)The advertisement is calculated to attract the attention of consumers who are interested in fitness products.
这则广告旨在吸引对健身产品感兴趣的消费者的注意力。
be calculated to do sth旨在做某事
归纳拓展
It is calculated that...据估算……
calculate on/upon指望;期待
be calculated to do sth旨在做某事
[语境运用] 一词多义/句子语法填空
We need to calculate how much money we will spend on this trip.
　　　　　　　
It is difficult to calculate the long-term effects of this new policy.
　　　 　
The new measures are calculated to improve the efficiency of the production process.　　　　 　　　
We calculated upon his arrival on time,but he was late.　　　　　　　
According to my 　　　　　　 (calculate),he should be in Beijing by now.
计算;核算　
预测;推测;估算
计划;旨在
指望;依靠
calculation
重点句式
It+be+adj.+that从句
▲
[教材原句] Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot,but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.
克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬,但她逐渐欣赏托尼的智慧和正直,并且开始信任他。
例It is strange that there are no people in the usually crowded street today.
今天这条平常很拥挤的街道上竟然没有人,真奇怪。
例(应用文写作之建议信)It is important that we show respect for different cultures when we travel abroad.
当我们出国旅行时,尊重不同的文化是很重要的。
归纳拓展
常见的用it作形式主语的句式有:
·It is+adj.(necessary,essential,appropriate,proper,vital...)+that从句 [用虚拟语气,即(should+)do]。
·It is +v.-ed(suggested,recommended,demanded,required...)+that从句[用虚拟语气,即(should+)do]。
·It is+n.(a pity,a shame,a pleasure...)+that从句 (用陈述语气)。
·It is +v.-ed(said,believed,known,estimated,announced,reported...)+that从句 (用陈述语气)
·It+vi.(happens,appears,seems...)+that从句 (用陈述语气)
[语境运用] 完成句子
　　　　　　　　　　　　(很遗憾) they had to cancel the outdoor picnic due to the bad weather.
　　　　　　　　　　(人们相信) that learning a foreign language can broaden one’s horizons and open up more job opportunities.
It is a pity that
It is believed
(读后续写之动作描写)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(碰巧) I met my old classmate on the street when I was going shopping.
(读后续写之主旨升华)　　　　　　　　　　 (事实证明) that helping others realise their dreams gave me more pleasure.
It is necessary that
　　　　　　　　　　 (我们立即采取行动来保护环境).
It happened that
It turned out
we (should) take immediate action to protect
environment
完全倒装
▲
[教材原句] As she turned around,there stood Gladys Claffern.
当她转过身来,却看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬正站在那里。
例(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)A few weeks later,when I almost forgot the contest,there came the news.
几个星期后,当我几乎忘记比赛的时候,消息传来了。
例On the floor sat a boy surrounded by a pile of books.
地板上坐着一个男孩,他身边围着一堆书。
例(读后续写之动作描写)Out of the bush rushed a small rabbit,disappearing in a flash.
一只小兔子从灌木丛中飞奔而出,瞬间消失了。
例(读后续写之心理描写)In the distance came the thunder roar,making her start.
远处传来轰鸣雷声,让她吓了一跳。
归纳拓展
英语中的完全倒装是一种语法现象,即将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。常见的完全倒装情况如下:
①当表示方位或地点的副词(如here,there,up,down,in,out,away,
off等)或介词短语(如in the room,on the hill,under the tree等)置于句首,且句子的主语是名词时,句子要使用完全倒装。
②表示时间的副词(如now,then等)放在句首,且谓语动词多为come,go等,句子也会用完全倒装。
③为了保持句子平衡或强调表语,当表语(形容词、分词、介词短语等)位于句首时,句子要用完全倒装。
①主语是代词时不倒装:如果句子的主语是代词,即使满足上述倒装条件,句子也不用倒装,仍然是正常的语序。
②主谓一致:完全倒装后,谓语动词的单复数形式要与后面的主语保持一致。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 完成句子
　　　　　　　　　　　　(接着传来一声巨大的撞击声),followed by screams and chaos.
(读后续写之动作描写)　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　(一个年轻女孩从人群中走了出来),her eyes shining with excitement and curiosity.
(应用文写作之演讲稿)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(日子一去不复返) when customers had limited choices in the market.
Then came a big crash
Out of the crowd stepped a young girl
Gone are the days
长难句分析
[教材原句] He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.
尝试分析:这是一个复合句。“He suggested”为主句。句中 为that引导的宾语从句,suggest 在此处表示“建议”,其后的宾语从句中,要用虚拟语气,其谓语动词形式为(should+)动词原形,此句中invite前省略了should;为before引导的时间状语从句。was to do结构在这里表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。
自主翻译:托尼还建议克莱尔在他离开前,也就是拉里回家的前一天晚上,邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友们到家里来。
[语境运用] 情境写作
那位老人建议年轻的冒险家在暴风雨来临前,也就是夜幕降临前的下午,去探索那个隐藏的洞穴。
That old man suggested
the afternoon before the storm was to hit and the night .
that the young adventurer explore the hidden cave
was to fall
语法微专题1
　被动语态
语法原句再现
It was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife,Claire.
Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human...
...she rang Tony and told him she was being treated badly.
How awful to be discovered by her,Claire thought.
观察上面的句子,不难发现这些句子都使用了被动语态。
语法知识点拨
一、被动语态的概念及基本构成
英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。使用被动语态的句子,谓语动词的形式是“be+动词过去分词”,被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在助动词be的变化上,其变化规则与系动词be相同。一般来讲,只有及物动词才有被动语态。有时被动语态中动作的执行者可用by短语表示。下面以do为例列举常用时态的被动语态形式。
时态 被动语态的构成
一般现在时 am/is/are done
一般过去时 was/were done
一般将来时 shall/will be done 或am/is/are going to be done
现在进行时 am/is/are being done
过去进行时 was/were being done
过去将来时 should/would be done
现在完成时 have/has been done
过去完成时 had been done
将来完成时 will have been done
The meeting has been put off for some reason.
会议已因故推迟了。
The new type of robot will be tested out by some restaurants near the company.
这种新型机器人将会由公司附近的一些餐馆测试。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
The tourists 　　　 　 (accompany) by a guide when they travelled in Beijing.
At this moment,the city 　　　 　 (wash) by a heavy rain.
The novel 　　 　　 (consider) a masterpiece of contemporary literature since its publication.
were accompanied
is being washed
has been considered
二、使用被动语态的特殊情况
1.当主动句中含有复合宾语(即宾语+宾语补足语)时,变为被动语态时要把主动句的宾语转变为被动句的主语,原来的宾语补足语位置不变,成为主语补足语。注意像make、let、have 这类使役动词,以及see、watch、hear、feel、notice等感官动词,后面常常接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。但在变为被动语态时,需要把省略的to还原。
The teacher made the students recite the poem.
→The students were made to recite the poem by the teacher.
2.主动句有双宾语的句子变被动语态时,可以将间接宾语或直接宾语变为主语。
(1)将间接宾语变为主语时,直接宾语保持不变。常见的带双宾语的动词有give、show、send、pass、teach、tell、bring等。
My mother gave me a present.→I was given a present by my mother.我妈妈给了我一件礼物。
He told us an interesting story.→We were told an interesting story by him.
他给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
(2)将直接宾语变为主语时,在间接宾语前要根据动词搭配加上适当的介词(to或for)。当动词为give、show、send、pass、hand、read、write等时,间接宾语前用介词to;当动词为buy、make、cook、draw、choose、sing等时,间接宾语前用介词for。
She passed me the salt.→The salt was passed to me by her.她把盐递给我。
My father bought me a new bike.→A new bike was bought for me by my father.
我父亲给我买了一辆新自行车。
3.短语动词的被动语态:短语动词是一个整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成短语动词的副词或介词。
The little baby was closely looked after by the nurse.
小婴儿由护士精心照料。
[语境运用] 将下列各句的语态改为被动语态
Mr Smith offered me a good job yesterday.
→　 /
→
I saw Tom cross the street in a hurry.
→
My grandmother took good care of me when I was young.
→
A good job was offered to me yesterday by Mr Smith.
I was offered a good job yesterday by Mr Smith.
Tom was seen to cross the street in a hurry by me.
I was taken good care of by my grandmother when I was young.
三、被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别
被动语态强调主语是动作的承受者,体现了句子的动作性,而过去分词作表语则主要说明主语的状态、特征或性质,相当于形容词的性质,它不强调动作;被动语态常与动作的时间、地点等状语连用,而过去分词作表语常与程度副词搭配;被动语态可通过“by+执行者”表明动作发出者,而过去分词作表语一般不强调执行者。
I am interested in reading books extremely.(过去分词作表语)我对读书非常感兴趣。
The car is cleaned every day by him.(被动语态)
这辆车每天由他清洗。
四、非谓语动词的被动形式及用法
1.动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词与其是被动关系时,动词不定式一般使用被动形式。不定式的被动式可分为一般式和完成式。动词不定式的被动形式在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语。动词不定式的被动形式如下表所示。
时态 形式 用法
一般式 to be done 表示发生在谓语所表示的动作之后或与之同时发生的被动动作
完成式 to have been done 表示发生在谓语所表示的动作之前的被动动作
Sometimes to be understood is not an easy job.(作主语)
有时被人理解并不是一件容易的事。
The novel is said to have been translated into many languages.(作宾语补足语)
据说这部小说已被译成多种语言。
2.动词-ing形式所表示的动作是一个被动动作时,要用动词-ing的被动形式,可分为一般式和完成式。动词-ing的被动形式在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语。动词-ing的被动形式如下表所示。
时态 形式 用法
一般时 being done 表示正在进行或与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的被动动作
完成时 having been done 表示发生在谓语所表示的动作之前的被动动作
You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere.(作宾语补足语)
你会发现到处都在讨论这个话题。
The museum being repaired will be reopened to visitors next year.(作定语)
正在维修的博物馆明年将再次向游客开放。
She doesn’t remember having ever been given a chance to go abroad.(作宾语)
她不记得曾得到过出国的机会。
[语境运用]句子语法填空
The boy asked 　　 　　 (give) an opportunity to try again.
　　　 　 (warn) about typhoon,the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbour.
The rabbits were so lucky that they just missed 　　　 　 (catch).
to be given　
Having been warned
being caught
五、主动形式表示被动意义
1.连系动词如look、sound、smell、feel、taste、remain、seem、appear、prove等后接表语时,一般用主动形式表示被动意义。
The idea sounds great.
这个主意听起来棒极了。
The popcorn they made looked wonderful and tasted delicious.
他们做的爆米花看起来棒极了,吃起来也很美味。
2.有些动词如read、write、clean、wash、cook、keep、cut、open、close、sell等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,常和副词well、easily、smoothly等连用,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。这些句子的时态多用一般现在时或一般将来时。
The door doesn’t open easily.
这扇门不容易打开。
Bikes of that kind sell well.
那种自行车卖得很好。
3.“need、want、require、deserve等+doing”用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The blackboard needs cleaning.
=The blackboard needs to be cleaned.
黑板需要擦干净。
The broken window wants repairing.
=The broken window wants to be repaired.
那扇破窗户需要修理。
4.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面应跟动词不定式的被动形式。
The book is worth reading again.
=The book is worthy to be read again.
这本书值得再读一遍。
5.动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间为动宾关系,且和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时,不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.
今天下午我有许多事情要做。(to do与things是动宾关系,与主语I是主谓关系)
6.在某些以“形容词+不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,常用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这类形容词有nice、easy、fit、hard、difficult、important、impossible、pleasant、interesting等。
This problem is difficult to work out.
这个问题很难解决。
[语境运用] 翻译句子
那个问题不值得讨论。
That issue is not worth discussing./That issue is not worthy to be discussed.
这种布料摸上去很舒服。
This kind of cloth feels comfortable.
她在找一本容易理解的参考书。
She’s looking for a reference book to understand easily.
真题体验
1.(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)“The players’ personalities 　　　　 　 (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds.
【解析】 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。本句描述一般事实,时态用一般现在时,且主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal“揭示,显示”为被动关系,所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态,主语为复数,be动词用are。故填are revealed。
are revealed
2.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)I bought a desk and asked for it
(deliver) to my house this Friday.
【解析】 考查非谓语动词的语态。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作宾语补足语,和宾语it构成被动关系,此处应使用ask for sth to do的被动结构。故填to be delivered。
to be delivered
3.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)I 　　　 　 (motivate)—and demotivated—by other folks’ achievements all my life.
【解析】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语I构成被动关系,句中有时间状语 all my life,应用现在完成时。故填have been motivated。
have been motivated
4.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can
　　 　　 (enjoy) in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs.
【解析】 考查语态。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作谓语,和主语views构成被动关系,且can 是情态动词,故填 be enjoyed。
be enjoyed
Ⅰ.语篇填空
My friend Jackie 1.　　　 　 (bring) up in a small town,where he
2.　　　 　 (educate) before he went to New York.One day he 3.
(watch) a football match when his father 4.　　　　 (give) him a surprise that his whole family 5.　　　 　 (move) to New York.And now he 6.　　　 　 (teach) by Miss Brown in a new school.Miss Brown is a very kind and friendly teacher,but she is strict about her work and strict with her students.With the help of Miss Brown,many problems 7.　　　 　 (solve) very easily.Jackie finds his study 8.　　　 　 (improve) greatly since he 9.　　　　 (come) to this school three years ago.He is fond of Miss Brown and 10.　　　　 (feel) great at the new school.
语法专项训练
was brought
had been educated
was watching
gave
would move　
is being taught
are solved
has been improved　
came　
feels
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.The question 　　　　　　　　　　 (正在被讨论) now has something to do with nature.
2.He was the last one 　　　　　　　　　　(被邀请发言) at the meeting.
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (被告诉好几遍了),the naughty boy made the same mistake again.
4.They said 　　　　　　 　　 (决定会被做出) at the next meeting.
5.His first book 　　 　　　　 　　(下个月要出版的) is based on a true story.
being discussed
to be invited to speak
Having been told several times
the decision would be made
to be published next monthUNIT 1　课时作业(四)
单元知识综合练
(分值:52.5 分)
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.turn out
A.关掉;熄灭　B.翻出;倒出　C.培养出;造就　D.出席;参加　E.使朝外;使外翻　F.生产;制造
①She turned out the collar of her coat.　　　
②This company turns out 500 cars every month.　　　
③How many people turned out for the meeting 　　　
④Don’t forget to turn out the lights when you leave.　　　
⑤He turned out his pockets to look for the keys.　　　
⑥The school has turned out many excellent students.　　　
2.写出下列句中黑体词的词性及含义
①The company managed to salary its staff despite the financial crisis.　　　　　　　
②The police finally nailed the suspect.　　　　　　　
③He exploded with rage when hearing the bad news.　　　　　　　
④The car inched forward in the thick fog.　　　　　　　
【答案】 1.①E　②F　③D　④A　⑤B　⑥C
2.①v.给……发薪,付……薪水　②v.抓住,逮住　③v.(感情等)爆发　④v.(使)缓慢地移动
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Have you ever forgotten to lock the door of your house Or,have you ever forgotten to switch off the TV or computer These kinds of things happen to us all the time and can sometimes lead to problems.1.　　
Intelligent controls.
Today,you have to use switches for your lights,and remote controls for your TVs and air conditioners.In the future,you will be using advanced technology every day for automatic control of just about everything in your home.2.　　　 Your home will also learn your daily schedule and preferences,so everything will be ready for you.
3.　　
In addition,your smart home will be monitoring your health for you every day.Your bed,for example,will record how well you sleep every night.It will also be checking your body weight.If you start to have sleep or weight problems,it will send a warning to your phone.It will also give you suggestions on a healthier diet and how to sleep better.
No more disasters.
4.　　　 For example,if a water pipe starts leaking,or if there is a short in the electrical wiring,your smart home will detect it and provide you with the relevant information.This way,you will be able to fix the problem before your home becomes flooded or catches fire.
This smart technology is not a fantasy.Many of these new inventions are already available and being used in some homes.5.　　　 Nevertheless,it will take some years,before most new homes begin to use this new technology.
A.Smart homes will be able to prevent serious damage from accidents.
B.Regular Health Checks.
C.The smart technology is still underdeveloped.
D.However,smart homes will help solve those problems.
E.Intelligent Cleaning System.
F.In this sense,the home of tomorrow is already the home of today.
G.You will no longer have to think about turning switches on and off yourself.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章围绕智能家居展开,阐述其智能控制可解决生活遗忘问题,能定期进行健康检查、预防灾害,虽未全面普及,但已有应用,前景广阔。
1.【答案】 D
【解析】 前文提到忘记锁门、忘记关电视等事情会带来问题,后文开始介绍智能家居的各种功能,所以此处应是引出智能家居能解决这些问题,D选项符合语境,起到了承上启下的作用。故选D。
2.【答案】 G
【解析】 此段标题是“Intelligent controls.”,前文说现在用开关和遥控器控制电器,未来会用先进技术自动控制家里的一切,G选项与前文关于控制方式的变化相呼应,符合智能控制这一主题。故选G。
3.【答案】 B
【解析】 此段主要内容是智能家居会每天监测你的健康,比如记录睡眠情况、检查体重等,所以此段标题应与健康检查相关,B选项能概括该段主旨。故选B。
4.【答案】 A
【解析】 此段标题是“No more disasters.”,后文举例说明如果水管漏水或电线短路,智能家居会检测到并提供相关信息,让你能在房子被淹或着火前解决问题,A选项符合该段关于防止灾难的主题。故选A。
5.【答案】 F
【解析】 前文提到许多新发明已在一些家庭中使用,后文说在大多数新家庭开始使用这项新技术之前还需要几年时间,F选项既承接了前面新发明已在使用,又引出了后面新技术还未广泛应用的内容,符合语境。故选F。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
Going into my Ph.D.program,I loved to communicate science to the public.But 　1　
consumed most of my time.I often worked past nightfall,and my weekends were 　2　absorbed by preparing experiments,gathering data,or catching up on the seemingly 　3　 scientific papers.
I desperately needed a 　4　 so I jumped at an opportunity to spend a weekend with friends.When they talked about the latest books they’d 　5　,I only recalled every detail of the papers piling up in the lab,yet I couldn’t 　6　 the last book I had read for fun.So I found myself mostly talking about my research.As I struggled to 　7　 its broader association in life,I noticed the enthusiasm in my voice faded.“Is my Ph.D.　8　 my love for science ” I thought.
I decided to read for fun.My brother recommended a science fiction book.I was soon 　9　 by the scientifically plausible (可信的) technologies in it.It was 　10　 to think about science in a new way.I began to love it.
Later,I was 　11　 to give a talk about the science behind science fiction.When the day came to 　12　,I felt nervous.But after I finished,I was surrounded by some 　13　 audience.It suddenly occurred to me that this was my 　14　 back to science communication.Since then,I have given 20 talks,exploring 　15　 like genetic (基因的) engineering,and brain-machine interfaces.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一位博士生在科研工作压力下,通过阅读科幻小说重新找回了对科学的热情,并最终回到了科学传播的道路上。
(　　)1.[A]housework [B]reading
[C]research [D]volunteering
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文“I often worked past nightfall,and my weekends were 　2　 absorbed by preparing experiments,gathering data,or catching up on the seemingly 　3　 scientific papers.”可知,作者经常工作到深夜,周末也准备实验、收集数据或追赶科学论文,故可推知作者的研究工作消耗了大多数的时间,故选C。
(　　)2.[A]initially [B]particularly
[C]largely [D]randomly
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文“I often worked past nightfall”以及下文“absorbed by preparing experiments,
gathering data,or catching up on the seemingly 　3　 scientific papers”可知,周末时间要用于准备实验、收集数据或追赶科学论文,故可推知此处说的是作者的周末主要是被这些活动所占据,故选C。
(　　)3.[A]abstract [B]endless
[C]valueless [D]reasonable
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文“catching up on the seemingly”以及下文“so I jumped at an opportunity to spend a weekend with friends”可知,作者觉得这些科学论文似乎是无止境的,故选B。
(　　)4.[A]chance [B]rest
[C]suggestion [D]challenge
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据下文“so I jumped at an opportunity to spend a weekend with friends”可知,作者抓住机会与朋友共度周末,故可推知作者需要的是休息,故选B。
(　　)5.[A]written [B]checked
[C]exchanged [D]consumed
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文“I only recalled every detail of the papers piling up in the lab,yet I couldn’t
　6　 the last book I had read for fun”可知,朋友们谈论的是他们最近读过的书,故选D。
(　　)6.[A]share [B]remember
[C]find [D]refuse
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文“I only recalled every detail of the papers piling up in the lab”可知,作者记不起上一本为了乐趣而读的书,故选B。
(　　)7.[A]distinguish [B]understand
[C]seek [D]express
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文“So I found myself mostly talking about my research”可知,作者发现自己主要在谈论自己的研究,故可推知作者在努力表达研究与生活的联系,故选D。
(　　)8.[A]killing [B]giving
[C]discovering [D]boosting
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文“I noticed the enthusiasm in my voice faded”可知,作者注意到声音中的热情消失了,故可推知此处表示的是作者在思考他的博士学位是否正在扼杀他对科学的热爱,
故选A。
(　　)9.[A]carried through
[B]blown away
[C]set apart
[D]taken out
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据下文“by the scientifically plausible (可信的) technologies in it”可知,下文说的是书中从科学角度看可信的技术,再根据下文“I began to love it”可知,作者开始喜欢上了它,可推知作者被这些技术所震撼,故选B。
(　　)10.[A]refreshing [B]necessary
[C]puzzling [D]strange
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文“think about science in a new way”以及“I began to love it”可知,以一种新的方式思考科学让作者感到很新鲜而且喜欢上了它,故选A。
(　　)11.[A]funded [B]instructed
[C]inspired [D]invited
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文“to give a talk about the science behind science fiction”及语境可知,作者是被邀请去做这个演讲,故选D。
(　　)12.[A]perform [B]present
[C]exhibit [D]leave
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据下文“I felt nervous”可知,此处说的是演讲的日子到来,所以作者很紧张,故选B。
(　　)13.[A]energetic [B]confident
[C]excited [D]humorous
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文“But after I finished,I was surrounded by some”可知,作者结束演讲之后被听众包围,听众的反应是积极的,故选A。
(　　)14.[A]path [B]conclusion
[C]fault [D]determination
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文“back to science communication”可知,这次演讲让作者找到了重返科学传播的道路,故选A。
(　　)15.[A]details [B]methods
[C]shifts [D]concepts
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文“exploring”以及下文“like genetic (基因的) engineering,and brain-machine interfaces”可知,此处上下文说的是有关科学的概念,故选D。
Ⅳ.应用文写作(15分)
假设你是李华,中国国际展览中心(China International Exhibition Centre)最近正在举办智能机器人展览,请写信给你的英国交换生朋友Arthur,邀请他一起去参观。内容包括:
1.时间和地点;
2.展览的相关情况。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Dear Arthur,
How have you been recently
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
[写作指导]
One possible version:
Dear Arthur,
How have you been recently There is an impressive collection of smart robots on display at the China International Exhibition Centre.I am writing to invite you to go with me next Friday afternoon.
The exhibition shows the latest technology and trends in smart robots at home and abroad,
including those for smart business,home,education and entertainment.To give visitors a wonderful experience,it offers many fun interactions with various robots,some of which have appeared in science fiction and movies.I am sure you will enjoy it.
Please let me know whether you will go with me so that I can buy the tickets in advance.I’m looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua(共20张PPT)
UNIT 1　课时作业(一)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.It’s 　　　 　(荒谬的) to spend so much money on a pair of shoes that you’ll only wear once.
2.The school usually 　　　　 (暂停) classes during the time of the heavy snowstorm.
3.The teacher 　　　　 (解散) the class five minutes earlier today.
4.They publish a 　　 　　(每周的) magazine that covers various topics.
5.The scientists need to 　　　　(计算) the distance between the two planets accurately.
ridiculous
suspends
dismissed
weekly　
calculate
6.The athlete 　　　　(宣布) his intention to retire from professional sports last month.
7.The company gave each employee a performance 　　　　(奖金) at the end of the year.
8.He 　　　　(钉牢) a sign to the door to remind people of the rules.
9.She felt 　　 　　(内疚) about forgetting her friend’s birthday.
10.The 　　　 　(售货员) in this store always greet customers with a warm smile and try their best to meet their needs.
declared
bonus
nailed
guilty
salesmen
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.We need to test 　　 this new software to see if it meets our requirements.
2.The art gallery is open to the public 　　　　 appointment only on certain days.
3.The magazine is published 　　　　 a weekly basis,bringing the latest news to readers.
4.It 　　　 　(declare) that the new law would come into effect next month.
out
by
on
was declared
5.His 　　　 　(calculate) of the profit was wrong,which led to a wrong decision.
6.We should be aware 　　　　 the importance of environment protection.
7.The company was charged 　　　　 illegal business activities and was fined heavily.
8.The mother took her crying baby 　　　　 her arms and tried to comfort him.
calculation
of
with
in
9.She couldn’t shake off the feeling of 　　　　(guilty) for forgetting her mother’s birthday.
10.The company gave him a bonus 　　　　 a reward for his excellent performance this year.
guilt
as
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.我的母亲是一位老师,比起母亲,她对我而言更像是一位朋友。(more like)
My mother,who is a teacher,is more like a friend than a mother to me.
2.我们应该每周评估我们的进度,以确保不偏离正轨。(on a...basis)
We should evaluate our progress on a weekly basis to stay on track.
3.这位父亲因为没办法花很多时间陪伴他的孩子们而感到内疚。(feel guilty about)
This father felt guilty about not being able to spend much time with his kids.
4.下周我们将进行一次化学实验,我建议先做个小测试,看看反应是否如我们所预期。(test out)
We’re going to conduct a chemistry experiment next week.I suggest that we test it out first to see if the reaction is as expected.
5.很抱歉不能和你一起去书店了,因为我在这周六下午约了牙医。(have an appointment with...)
I am sorry that I can’t go to the bookstore with you because I have an appointment with my dentist this Saturday afternoon.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
When we long live together,we quickly learn to foresee the near-term behaviours of our co-workers or family members.Our ability to predict the actions of others makes it easier to successfully live and work together.In contrast,even the most intelligent and advanced robots have remained inept at this sort of communication.This may be about to change.
The study,conducted by Mechanical Engineering Professor Hod Lipson,is part of a broader effort to provide robots with the ability to understand and predict what others want.The researchers first built a subject robot and placed it in a playpen.They programmed the robot to seek and move towards any green circle it could see.But there was a hidden difficulty.Sometimes the robot could see a green circle in its camera and move directly towards it.But other times,the green circle would be blocked by a tall red cardboard box,in which case the robot would move towards a different green circle,or not at all.
After “researching” its partner on screen long,the new robot was eventually able to get its partner’s goal and path 98 out of 100 times,across varying situations.When starting the experiment,the researchers expected the robot might learn to make predictions about the subject robot’s near-term actions.What the researchers didn’t expect,however,was how accurately it could foresee the moves with only a few seconds of video.
“Our initial results are very exciting,showing how robots can see the world from another robot’s view,” says Lipson.“The understanding ability of the new robot is perhaps a primitive form of sensing others’ feelings,
which we all can do.”
Meanwhile,he acknowledges there’re many moral questions.The technology will make robots more adaptable and useful and no longer passive instruction-following machines,but when robots can predict how humans think,they may also learn to control or influence those thoughts.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章讲述了当人类长时间生活在一起时,他们很快就能预测身边人的行动。现下有一种新型的机器人学会了这一技能。
(　　)1.What does the underlined word “inept” in the first paragraph mean
[A]Cautious.
[B]Smart.
[C]Active.
[D]Poor.
D
【解析】 猜测词义题。画线词前提到人在一起生活的时间久了,就能知晓对方下一步的动作和意图。结合上文的In contrast及下文的“This may be about to change.”和有关机器人的新能力的研究可知,画线词所在句与前面的内容为对比关系。故选D。
(　　)2.What is the experiment designed to find
[A]How a robot moves toward the targeted object.
[B]Whether a robot can predict other robots’ goals.
[C]Whether robots can work together like humans.
[D]How precisely a robot foresees its partner’s moves.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句及第三段第二句可知,实验的目的是看看机器人是否能够预测其他机器人的行动。故选B。
(　　)3.How does the robot gain the understanding ability
[A]By communication.
[B]By following its camera.
[C]By visual observation.
[D]By experiencing various tests.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,机器人通过视觉观察获得了理解和预测其他机器人的行动的能力。故选C。
(　　)4.What does Lipson think of the new robot
[A]It bears human characteristics.
[B]It has some kind of moral values.
[C]It might replace human beings.
[D]It is an instruction-following machine.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知,在Lipson看来,这种新型的机器人的理解能力可能是人类感知他人感受的一种原始形式。即这种新型机器人具有了人类特征。故选A。UNIT 1　课时作业(二)
(分值:50 分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.Red,orange and yellow 　　　　　　　　(consider) “warm” colours while blue,green and purple are “cool”.
2.Much progress 　　　　　　　　(make) in China with the joint efforts and hard work of the people.
3.The manager is happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets 　　　　　　　　(book) so far.
4.This unique bridge 　　　　　　　　(build) in the late 18th century.
5.When and where to go for the on-salary holiday 　　　　　　　　(not;decide) till now.
6.We won’t start the work until all the preparations 　　　　　　　　(make).
7.I find the problem is very difficult 　　　　　　　　(solve).
8.To make way for the wide street,these houses need 　　　　　　　　(pull) down.
9.The question 　　　　　　　　(discuss) by them at the meeting now.
10.I’m glad 　　　　　　　　(help) by so many warm-hearted people.
【答案】 1.are considered　2.is being made　3.have been booked　4.was built　5.hasn’t been decided　6.have been made　7.to solve　8.pulling/to be pulled　9.is being discussed　10.to have been helped
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.这部小说是科幻小说,由19世纪的一位著名作家所写。
2.它被认为是欧洲最早的城市之一。
3.这项发明一经公布,便引起了广泛的关注。
4.这部电影的故事基于科学、想象和个人经历。
5.到目前为止,这本书已被翻译成多种语言。
【答案】 1.This novel is science fiction,which was written by a famous writer in the 19th century.
2.It is regarded as one of the earliest cities in Europe.
3.After the invention was released,it drew wide attention.
4.The story of the film is based on science,imagination and personal experiences.
5.The book has been translated into many languages so far.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Science fiction writers create imaginary worlds.The way things work in your imaginary worlds will be based on actual science.So it’s important for you to be familiar with the scientific principles and inventions that are related to your creation.For example,if you’re writing about humans living on a planet with zero gravity,then you need to know the effects of zero gravity on the human body.
Then you have to figure out the exact rules of your imaginary worlds.And you have to follow them.If humans are able to breathe underwater in Chapter 1,your characters can’t drown in a swimming pool in Chapter 3.The issue here is maintaining your readers’ trust.That means readers are willing to pretend along with you.If you start out with an ordinary detective novel and then throw in someone breathing underwater in the 6th chapter,you will pull the readers out of their imagination.The same thing happens if you change the rules halfway.
Part of your preparation work for the novel is to map out its world in great detail.You should decide the following issues:the history of the world,the geography,what possibilities it offers,how everything works in this new reality,and how all of these factors affect the way your characters think,feel,and react to things.You don’t have to tell your readers all the rules in the first chapter.But you have to let readers know enough to understand what’s going on.This also allows you to work out logical problems and contradictions before you start writing.
When you are writing,remember to make it feel real.You are inviting readers to visit a new world.They will want to be able to see,hear,feel,smell,and even taste what it’s like.Whether your novel is about a world without disease or an undiscovered planet,help your readers feel like they’re actually there.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。科学是科幻小说的基本原理,文章提出了写科幻小说时要注意的事项。
(　　)1.What’s the relationship between actual science and science fiction
[A]Science fiction promotes the development of actual science.
[B]Science fiction often reflects the development of actual science.
[C]Actual science provides basic principles for science fiction.
[D]Actual science limits the imagination described in science fiction.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段的前两句可知,科学是科幻小说的基本原理。故选C。
(　　)2.What does the third paragraph focus on
[A]Part of the preparation work for science fiction writing.
[B]The different types of novels.
[C]The detail in the first chapter of science fiction.
[D]The reality of science fiction.
【答案】 A
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知,本段主要介绍了科幻小说写作的部分准备工作。故选A。
(　　)3.Which of the following statements is TRUE
[A]It is necessary to do some scientific experiments before writing science fiction.
[B]Readers of science fiction actually pretend the writer’s rules are true.
[C]The target readers of the passage are young scientists.
[D]It is great to leave some contradictions in your science fiction.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,科幻小说的读者实际上会假设作者小说世界里的规则是真实的。故选B。
(　　)4.What’s the best title of the passage
[A]How to Do Scientific Research
[B]How to Write Science Fiction
[C]What to Expect from Science Fiction
[D]How to Raise Interest in Science
【答案】 B
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了如何写科幻小说,故B项适合用作文章的标题。故选B。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
A new social robot has been introduced to the public at Nanyang Technological University(NTU) in Singapore.The robot 1.　　　　(build) by a research team at the university not long before.It has brown hair and human-like skin.It can talk and act like a human and it even has its own personality.The robot can show emotions,like 2.　　 　　 (angry) and sadness,
depending on the topics it is talking about.
The robot 3.　　　　(become) one of the most advanced and human-like robots so far.It has functions 4.　　　　 have never been used in other robots.It can not only remember people it has met before,5.　　　　 it can recall things it has said in earlier conversations as well.
Up to now,robots have been used 6.　　　　(wide) in the manufacturing industry (制造业).Meanwhile,we may also find more and more robots equipped 7.　　　 　 social functions.
This could be important with the population aging.Working robots could be the solution to the
8.　　　　(decrease) workforce.
On 9.　　　　 other hand,such social robots can care for children or old people.They can play and talk with them or keep them company.Surprisingly,the robot has a job as a receptionist at the university where it answers questions 10.　　　　 (ask) by students and other visitors.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了新加坡南洋理工大学推出的一款社交机器人。
1.【答案】 was built
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“not long before”可知,句子陈述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,The robot和build之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,主语为单数名词,be动词用was。故填was built。
2.【答案】 anger
【解析】 考查名词。此处作宾语应用名词anger“愤怒”,表抽象概念,不可数。故填anger。
3.【答案】 has become
【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“so far”可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语是The robot,为单数名词,助动词用has。故填has become。
4.【答案】 that/which
【解析】 考查定语从句。此处引导限定性定语从句,先行词是functions,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
5.【答案】 but
【解析】 考查连词。固定句型not only... but (also)...“不仅……而且……”。故填but。
6.【答案】 widely
【解析】 考查副词。此处修饰动词have been used,应用副词widely “广泛地”,作状语。故填widely。
7.【答案】 with
【解析】 考查介词。固定搭配be equipped with,意为“装备有”。故填with。
8.【答案】 decreasing
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,此处修饰名词workforce,作定语,decrease与workforce之间为逻辑上的主动关系。故填decreasing。
9.【答案】 the
【解析】 考查冠词。固定搭配on the other hand“另一方面”。故填the。
10.【答案】 asked
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。questions和ask为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词形式,作后置定语。故填asked。(共39张PPT)
UNIT 1　课时作业(四)
①She turned out the collar of her coat.　　　
②This company turns out 500 cars every month.　　　
③How many people turned out for the meeting 　　　
④Don’t forget to turn out the lights when you leave.　　　
⑤He turned out his pockets to look for the keys.　　　
⑥The school has turned out many excellent students.　　　
(分值:52.5 分)
单元知识综合练
E
A.关掉;熄灭　B.翻出;倒出　C.培养出;造就　D.出席;参加　E.使朝外;使外翻　F.生产;制造
F
A
D
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.turn out
B
C
2.写出下列句中黑体词的词性及含义
①The company managed to salary its staff despite the financial crisis.
　 　　　　　　
②The police finally nailed the suspect.　　　　　　　
③He exploded with rage when hearing the bad news.　　　 　　　　
④The car inched forward in the thick fog.　　　 　　　　
v.给……发薪,付……薪水
v.抓住,逮住　
v.(感情等)爆发　
v.(使)缓慢地移动
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Have you ever forgotten to lock the door of your house Or,have you ever forgotten to switch off the TV or computer These kinds of things happen to us all the time and can sometimes lead to problems.1.　　
D
Intelligent controls.
Today,you have to use switches for your lights,and remote controls for your TVs and air conditioners.In the future,you will be using advanced technology every day for automatic control of just about everything in your home.2.　　　 Your home will also learn your daily schedule and preferences,so everything will be ready for you.
G
3.　　
In addition,your smart home will be monitoring your health for you every day.Your bed,for example,will record how well you sleep every night.It will also be checking your body weight.If you start to have sleep or weight problems,it will send a warning to your phone.It will also give you suggestions on a healthier diet and how to sleep better.
B
No more disasters.
4.　　　 For example,if a water pipe starts leaking,or if there is a short in the electrical wiring,your smart home will detect it and provide you with the relevant information.This way,you will be able to fix the problem before your home becomes flooded or catches fire.
A
This smart technology is not a fantasy.Many of these new inventions are already available and being used in some homes.5.　　　 Nevertheless,it will take some years,before most new homes begin to use this new technology.
F
A.Smart homes will be able to prevent serious damage from accidents.
B.Regular Health Checks.
C.The smart technology is still underdeveloped.
D.However,smart homes will help solve those problems.
E.Intelligent Cleaning System.
F.In this sense,the home of tomorrow is already the home of today.
G.You will no longer have to think about turning switches on and off yourself.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章围绕智能家居展开,阐述其智能控制可解决生活遗忘问题,能定期进行健康检查、预防灾害,虽未全面普及,但已有应用,前景广阔。
1.【答案】 D
【解析】 前文提到忘记锁门、忘记关电视等事情会带来问题,后文开始介绍智能家居的各种功能,所以此处应是引出智能家居能解决这些问题,D选项符合语境,起到了承上启下的作用。故选D。
2.【答案】 G
【解析】 此段标题是“Intelligent controls.”,前文说现在用开关和遥控器控制电器,未来会用先进技术自动控制家里的一切,G选项与前文关于控制方式的变化相呼应,符合智能控制这一主题。故选G。
3.【答案】 B
【解析】 此段主要内容是智能家居会每天监测你的健康,比如记录睡眠情况、检查体重等,所以此段标题应与健康检查相关,B选项能概括该段主旨。故选B。
4.【答案】 A
【解析】 此段标题是“No more disasters.”,后文举例说明如果水管漏水或电线短路,智能家居会检测到并提供相关信息,让你能在房子被淹或着火前解决问题,A选项符合该段关于防止灾难的主题。故选A。
5.【答案】 F
【解析】 前文提到许多新发明已在一些家庭中使用,后文说在大多数新家庭开始使用这项新技术之前还需要几年时间,F选项既承接了前面新发明已在使用,又引出了后面新技术还未广泛应用的内容,符合语境。故选F。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
Going into my Ph.D.program,I loved to communicate science to the public.But 　1　 consumed most of my time.I often worked past nightfall,
and my weekends were 　2　absorbed by preparing experiments,
gathering data,or catching up on the seemingly 　3　 scientific papers.
I desperately needed a 　4　 so I jumped at an opportunity to spend a weekend with friends.When they talked about the latest books they’d
　5　,I only recalled every detail of the papers piling up in the lab,yet I couldn’t 　6　 the last book I had read for fun.So I found myself mostly talking about my research.As I struggled to 　7　 its broader association in life,I noticed the enthusiasm in my voice faded.“Is my Ph.D.　8　 my love for science ” I thought.
I decided to read for fun.My brother recommended a science fiction book.I was soon 　9　 by the scientifically plausible (可信的) technologies in it.It was 　10　 to think about science in a new way.I began to love it.
Later,I was 　11　 to give a talk about the science behind science fiction.When the day came to 　12　,I felt nervous.But after I finished,I was surrounded by some 　13　 audience.It suddenly occurred to me that this was my 　14　 back to science communication.Since then,I have given 20 talks,exploring 　15　 like genetic (基因的) engineering,and brain-machine interfaces.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一位博士生在科研工作压力下,通过阅读科幻小说重新找回了对科学的热情,并最终回到了科学传播的道路上。
(　　)1.
C
【解析】 根据下文“I often worked past nightfall,and my weekends were
　2　 absorbed by preparing experiments,gathering data,or catching up on the seemingly 　3　 scientific papers.”可知,作者经常工作到深夜,周末也准备实验、收集数据或追赶科学论文,故可推知作者的研究工作消耗了大多数的时间,故选C。
[A]housework
[B]reading
[C]research
[D]volunteering
(　　)2.
C
【解析】 根据上文“I often worked past nightfall”以及下文“absorbed by preparing experiments,gathering data,or catching up on the seemingly
　3　 scientific papers”可知,周末时间要用于准备实验、收集数据或追赶科学论文,故可推知此处说的是作者的周末主要是被这些活动所占据,故选C。
[A]initially
[B]particularly
[C]largely
[D]randomly
(　　)3.
B
【解析】 根据上文“catching up on the seemingly”以及下文“so I jumped at an opportunity to spend a weekend with friends”可知,作者觉得这些科学论文似乎是无止境的,故选B。
[A]abstract
[B]endless
[C]valueless
[D]reasonable
(　　)4.
B
【解析】 根据下文“so I jumped at an opportunity to spend a weekend with friends”可知,作者抓住机会与朋友共度周末,故可推知作者需要的是休息,故选B。
[A]chance
[B]rest
[C]suggestion
[D]challenge
(　　)5.
D
[A]written
[B]checked
[C]exchanged
[D]consumed
【解析】 根据下文“I only recalled every detail of the papers piling up in the lab,yet I couldn’t 　6　 the last book I had read for fun”可知,朋友们谈论的是他们最近读过的书,故选D。
(　　)6.
B
【解析】 根据上文“I only recalled every detail of the papers piling up in the lab”可知,作者记不起上一本为了乐趣而读的书,故选B。
[A]share
[B]remember
[C]find
[D]refuse
(　　)7.
D
【解析】 根据上文“So I found myself mostly talking about my research”可知,作者发现自己主要在谈论自己的研究,故可推知作者在努力表达研究与生活的联系,故选D。
[A]distinguish
[B]understand
[C]seek
[D]express
(　　)8.
A
【解析】 根据上文“I noticed the enthusiasm in my voice faded”可知,作者注意到声音中的热情消失了,故可推知此处表示的是作者在思考他的博士学位是否正在扼杀他对科学的热爱,故选A。
[A]killing
[B]giving
[C]discovering
[D]boosting
(　　)9.
B
【解析】 根据下文“by the scientifically plausible (可信的) technologies in it”可知,下文说的是书中从科学角度看可信的技术,再根据下文“I began to love it”可知,作者开始喜欢上了它,可推知作者被这些技术所震撼,故选B。
[A]carried throug
[B]blown away
[C]set apart
[D]taken out
(　　)10.
A
【解析】 根据下文“think about science in a new way”以及“I began to love it”可知,以一种新的方式思考科学让作者感到很新鲜而且喜欢上了它,故选A。
[A]refreshing
[B]necessary
[C]puzzling
[D]strange
(　　)11.
D
【解析】 根据下文“to give a talk about the science behind science fiction”及语境可知,作者是被邀请去做这个演讲,故选D。
[A]funded
[B]instructed
[C]inspired
[D]invited
(　　)12.
B
【解析】 根据下文“I felt nervous”可知,此处说的是演讲的日子到来,所以作者很紧张,故选B。
[A]perform
[B]present
[C]exhibit
[D]leave
(　　)13.
A
【解析】 根据上文“But after I finished,I was surrounded by some”可知,作者结束演讲之后被听众包围,听众的反应是积极的,故选A。
[A]energetic
[B]confident
[C]excited
[D]humorous
(　　)14.
A
【解析】 根据下文“back to science communication”可知,这次演讲让作者找到了重返科学传播的道路,故选A。
[A]path
[B]conclusion
[C]fault
[D]determination
(　　)15.
D
【解析】 根据上文“exploring”以及下文“like genetic (基因的) engineering,
and brain-machine interfaces”可知,此处上下文说的是有关科学的概念,故选D。
[A]details
[B]methods
[C]shifts
[D]concepts
Ⅳ.应用文写作(15分)
假设你是李华,中国国际展览中心(China International Exhibition Centre)最近正在举办智能机器人展览,请写信给你的英国交换生朋友Arthur,邀请他一起去参观。内容包括:
1.时间和地点;
2.展览的相关情况。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Dear Arthur,
How have you been recently
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
[写作指导]
One possible version:
Dear Arthur,
How have you been recently There is an impressive collection of smart robots on display at the China International Exhibition Centre.I am writing to invite you to go with me next Friday afternoon.
The exhibition shows the latest technology and trends in smart robots at home and abroad,including those for smart business,home,education and entertainment.To give visitors a wonderful experience,it offers many fun interactions with various robots,some of which have appeared in science fiction and movies.I am sure you will enjoy it.
Please let me know whether you will go with me so that I can buy the tickets in advance.I’m looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua(共19张PPT)
UNIT 1　课时作业(三)
(分值:45 分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.Fear 　　　　(抓紧) her heart as she walked into the dark and empty house.
2.There are several beautiful 　　 　　(灯) hanging from the ceiling of the living room.
3.The doctor 　　　　(力劝) him to give up smoking for his health.
4.The teacher picked a student at 　　　　(随机) to answer the question.
5.The car can reach a 　　 　　(最大极限的) speed of 200 kilometers per hour.
gripped
lamps
urged
random
maximum
6.The car 　　 　　(爆炸) in the distance,and the sound was deafening.
7.After the heavy rain,the ground was covered with 　　　　(泥浆).
8.The plant has grown several 　　 　　(英寸) taller since I last saw it.
9.She 　　　　(拿来) water from the well every morning.
10.We quickened our 　　　　(步伐) when we heard the thunder in the distance.
exploded
mud
inches
fetches
pace
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.There is a clear 　　　　(divide) between the two departments in terms of their responsibilities.
2.The doctor said that her illness was 　　　　 (urge) and required immediate treatment.
3.The 　　 　　(explode) in the building caused a lot of damage and several injuries.
4.The audience was 　　 　(stun) by the magician’s amazing performance.
division
urgent
explosion
stunned
5.After the heavy rain,the road became 　　　　(mud) and difficult to walk on.
6.He likes to exercise 　　　　 his own pace,not being rushed by others.
7.His ideas often conflict 　　　　 those of his colleagues,which leads to some arguments.
8.I have 　　　　 urge to travel around the world and experience different cultures.
9.Her knowledge of the subject is superior 　　　　 that of her peers.
10.The old computer had been 　　 　　(inaction) for years until he decided to fix it.
muddy
at
with
an
to
inactive
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.在你做这个决定之前,你最好分析一下利弊。(pros and cons)
You’d better think about the pros and cons before you make the decision.
2.他打电话给他的助手丽莎,让她在他出差期间接管他的工作。(take over)
He called his assistant Lisa and asked her to take over his job during his business trip.
3.看到我的朋友们都在学习新技能,我也很想尝试学习一些新东西。(have an urge to)
Seeing my friends learning new skills,I also have an urge to try learning something new.
4.昨晚的聚会非常成功,大家都玩得很开心。(turn out)
The party last night turned out to be a great success,and everyone had a wonderful time.
5.在准备期末考试时,我的学习计划和社团活动的时间产生了冲突。(conflict with)
While preparing for the final exams,my study plan conflicted with the time for club activities.
Ⅳ.阅读理解 (共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
If you could travel in time,would you visit the past or the future You could find your ancestors,descendants,or experience life when dinosaurs wandered in your back garden.It sounds unrealistic,but scientists have looked into whether time travel is actually possible.
Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity changed understanding of space,
time,mass and gravity.The key element of this theory is that time and space are linked together,and time doesn’t flow at a constant rate,meaning it speeds up or slows down,depending on where you are.For example,when you travel at high speeds,time decreases,which means astronauts in space moving at high speeds age more slowly than those on Earth! So,if you wanted to travel to the future,you would need to move close to the speed of light.Then,while centuries pass on Earth,you’d experience a relatively short amount of time and could hypothetically(假设地) return home,where it would be the future!
Travelling backwards in time seems much more difficult.Theoretically,
one way of going back is via a wormhole (虫洞).That means,if space and time can be folded like paper,we could create a tunnel—a shortcut between points in time.The problem is that there is no evidence that wormholes exist.“It’s been shown mathematically that they can exist,but whether they exist physically is something else,” says an astrophysicist at the University of York.Also,theories show that wormholes would be so small that a person definitely couldn’t fit through one,and they would have such an intense gravitational field that they would collapse very quickly.
For now,it seems we’ll have to be content with science fiction and using telescopes to look back in time rather than travelling through it.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章基于爱因斯坦相对论的时间旅行理论,主要探讨了前往未来及回到过去的可能性与科学挑战。
(　　)1.Why does the writer mention Einstein’s theory of relativity
[A]To explain how time travel might work.
[B]To stress the importance of time travel.
[C]To describe Einstein’s contributions to science.
[D]To encourage us to work out the theory.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。文章在提到爱因斯坦的相对论后,进一步阐述了时间和空间的联系以及时间流速的变化,并且说明了根据这一理论如何实现穿越到未来(如当以接近光速运动时,时间会变慢,从而能实现向未来的穿越)。所以作者提到爱因斯坦的相对论是为了解释时间旅行是如何可能实现的,A选项符合。故选A。
(　　)2.Why do astronauts age more slowly than those on Earth
[A]Time flows at the same speed across the universe.
[B]Moving faster slows the passage of time.
[C]Speed and space are closely connected.
[D]The speed of light prevents their aging.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For example,when you travel at high speeds,time decreases,which means astronauts in space moving at high speeds age more slowly than those on Earth!”可知,当快速运行时,时间流逝会变慢,这意味着在太空中高速运动的宇航员比地球上的人衰老得慢,B选项符合。故选B。
(　　)3.Why does travelling backwards in time seem much more difficult
[A]Wormholes move faster than the speed of light.
[B]Scientists have not studied time travel to the past.
[C]Wormholes lack scientific evidence of existence.
[D]The speed of light only allows forward movement in time.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Travelling backwards in time seems much more difficult.Theoretically,one way of going back is via a wormhole...The problem is that there is no evidence that wormholes exist.”可知,理论上回到过去的一种方式是通过虫洞,但问题是没有证据表明虫洞存在,所以回到过去似乎更困难,C选项符合。故选C。
(　　)4.What is the author’s attitude regarding the possibility of time travel
[A]Objective.
[B]Subjective.
[C]Indifferent.
[D]Positive.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。作者在文中既介绍了根据爱因斯坦相对论实现向未来时间旅行的可能性(如接近光速运动时的时间变化),也阐述了回到过去时间旅行的困难(如虫洞缺乏存在证据、虫洞太小且引力场强会迅速坍塌等),客观地呈现了时间旅行的相关信息,A选项符合。故选A。

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