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UNIT 3　课时作业(三)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.The students in the robotics club used their knowledge to 　　　　 (利用) new features in the programming language,creating more efficient robots.
2.The police launched an investigation into the 　　　　 (谋杀) case that shocked the whole community.
3.They showed no 　　　　 (仁慈) to the invaders.
4.The unforeseen 　　　　 (迁移) of whales to the coastal bay surprised the local fishermen.
5.In the old 　　　　 (电话号码簿), she found the address of the long-lost relative she had been searching for.
6.Tom was busy packing his luggage for the trip; 　　　　 (与此同时), his sister was making a list of things to buy.
7.After the fire she lost all her precious 　　　　 (个人财产), but she was grateful to be alive.
8.The two 　　　　 (对手) in the debate were both well-prepared, presenting strong arguments.
9.They decided to 　　　　 (记录) their experiences during the camping trip in a journal, so they could look back on the memories later.
10.The firefighters arrived quickly and 　　　　 (阻止) the spread of the fire.
【答案】 1.exploit　2.murder　3.mercy　4.migration　5.directory　6.meanwhile
7.possessions　8.opponents　9.log　10.arrested
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.　　　　 (migration) whales swam across vast amounts of frigid ocean waters.
2.The region’s natural resource 　　　　 (exploit) has caused environmental problems.
3.We can only hope the court is 　　　　 (mercy).
4.I’m afraid he doesn’t 　　　　 (possession) a sense of humour.
5.　　　　 legend has it, there’s hidden treasure in the ancient ruins, drawing countless adventurers.
6.The local market offers a wide range 　　　　 goods, from fresh produce to handicrafts.
7.The detective noticed an 　　　　 (arrest) detail at the crime scene, which could solve the mystery.
8.Scientists are eager to carry 　　　　 research on the newly-found plant species to unlock its potential medicinal value.
9.The heavy rain poured continuously for hours, 　　　　 (flood) the low-lying areas.
10.The construction crew is scheduled to put the newly designed bridge 　　　　 operation next month.
【答案】 1.Migratory　2.exploitation　3.merciful
4.possess　5.As　6.of　7.arresting　8.out　9.flooding　10.into
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.她在湿地板上跑,滑倒并伤到了膝盖。(现在分词作结果状语)
2.一道闪光吸引了他的注意,让他转过身来。(arrest)
3.她节省每一分钱,以便能在母亲节给妈妈买一份漂亮的礼物。(so that引导目的状语从句)
4.她被一种想赢得比赛的强烈欲望所支配,于是更加努力地训练。(possess)
5.当太阳落山时,她朝家走去。(as引导时间状语从句)
【答案】 1.She ran on the wet floor, slipping and hurting her knees.
2.A flash of light arrested his attention, making him turn around.
3.She saved every penny so that she could buy her mother a beautiful gift on Mother’s Day.
4.She was possessed with/by a strong desire to win the race, so she trained harder.
5.As the sun set, she headed home.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
　　More than 2,200 years ago, a battle between the Romans and the Carthaginians took place at sea off northwestern Sicily.Rome was victorious, defeating the other military ships and ending the war.While so much was destroyed at the time, scientists have recently discovered a shipwreck that was sunk in the battle with at least 114 animal species living on the ship’s ram (夯锤).
The ram’s discovery is an important archaeological discovery.But finding it to be a host for so much underwater life also provides great insight for scientists studying how marine animals colonize (聚居) empty sites and slowly create diverse and rich communities there.
The ram was recovered in 2017, located between 75 and 90 metres deep.It’s bronze and hollow, allowing it to accumulate (积累) sea creatures both inside and outside.Several years later the ram was cleaned and restored by researchers.All the marine animals found inside and outside the ram were collected, along with blocks of sediment (沉积物) and hardened materials from the same area.
Scientists have been working to compare the species found in and around the ram with those found in similar Mediterranean habitats.They reconstructed how it had likely been colonized.“We conclude that the primary ‘constructors’ in this community are organisms which attach themselves directly to the wreck’s surface,” said Edoardo Casoli from Sapienza University of Rome.“Then there are ‘habitants’ which aren’t attached but move freely between empty spaces in the superstructure.What we don’t yet know exactly is the order in which these organisms colonize wrecks.”
“Younger shipwrecks typically host a less diverse community than their environment,” said Maria Flavia Gravina, another researcher.“By comparison, our ram is much more representative of the natural habitat.It can act as a novel kind of sampling tool for scientists, which effectively acts as an ‘ecological memory’.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家发现的一个在罗马与迦太基海战中沉没的船只夯锤。在该夯锤上生活着至少114种动物物种,对其研究有助于了解海洋动物如何聚居并形成多样化的群落。
(　　)1.Why is the battle between the Romans and the Carthaginians mentioned
[A]To lead in the topic.
[B]To draw a conclusion.
[C]To arouse the sympathy about the war.
[D]To clarify the serious damage caused by the war.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。文章开篇提到2 200多年前罗马与迦太基的海战,接着提到科学家发现了在这场海战中沉没的船只夯锤以及夯锤上的海洋动物。所以提到这场海战是为了引入文章的话题。故选A。
(　　)2.How did scientists do researches about the marine animals on the ram
[A]By creating the post-war situations.
[B]By comparing the habitats of 114 species.
[C]By restoration, reconstruction and comparison.
[D]By putting the organisms colonize wrecks in order.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Several years later the ram was cleaned and restored by researchers.”可知进行了修复(restoration);第四段中的“Scientists have been working to compare the species found in and around the ram with those found in similar Mediterranean habitats.They reconstructed how it had likely been colonized.”提到了比较(comparison)和重建(reconstruction)。所以科学家是通过修复、重建和比较来研究夯锤上的海洋动物的。故选C。
(　　)3.What does the underlined word “It” refer to in the last paragraph
[A]The ship’s ram.
[B]The marine environment.
[C]A less diverse community.
[D]The natural habitat of marine animals.
【答案】 A
【解析】 代词指代题。根据最后一段中的“By comparison, our ram is much more representative of the natural habitat.It can act as a novel kind of sampling tool for scientists, which effectively acts as an ‘ecological memory’.”可知,是将夯锤与其他情况作比较,说夯锤更能代表自然栖息地,它可以作为一种新型的采样工具,所以“It”指代的是“The ship’s ram”。故选A。
(　　)4.Where is the passage probably taken from
[A]A guidebook to a sea exploration.
[B]An educational website.
[C]A government document.
[D]A natural science magazine.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是根据第二段可知,本文主要介绍了科学家们在一个2 200多年的沉船夯锤上发现了100多种海洋动物物种,并进行了研究。文章与自然科学领域的研究相关,因此最可能选自一本自然科学杂志。故选D。UNIT 3　课时作业(二)
(分值:45.5分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共7题;每题1.5分,共10.5分)
1.It is challenging 　　　　　　　　 (master) advanced maths concepts within a short time.
2.The most important thing for us now is 　　　　　　　　 (prepare) for the coming mid-term exams.
3.She chose 　　　　　　　　 (join) the school’s drama club to develop her acting skills.
4.The coach encouraged the players 　　　　　　 (give) their best in the upcoming match.
5.I plan 　　　　　　　　　　 (visit) my grandparents during the National Day holiday.
6.　　　　　　　　 (improve) her writing ability, she practices writing an essay every week.
7.It is necessary 　　　　　　　　 (review) what we have learnt regularly to strengthen our memory.
【答案】 1.to master　2.to prepare　3.to join　4.to give　5.to visit　6.To improve　7.to review
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.为了缓解紧张情绪,她在走上舞台前深吸一口气。
2.解决这个困境的唯一办法似乎是耐心等待救援。
3.他下定决心在黑暗的森林里寻找丢失的钥匙,坚决不放弃。
4.这位好心的女士让孩子们公平地分享玩具,希望教会他们善良的价值。
5.他很难相信自己在比赛中获得了一等奖,脸上露出了灿烂的笑容。
【答案】 1.To ease her nervousness, she took a deep breath before stepping onto the stage.
2.The only way to solve this difficult situation seemed to be waiting patiently for rescue.
3.He made up his mind to search for the lost key in the dark forest and determined not to give up.
4.The kind-hearted woman asked the children to share the toys fairly, hoping to teach them the value of kindness.
5.It was hard for him to believe that he had won first prize in the competition, a big smile spreading across his face.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
　　They’re life-jacket orange,they’re robots and they’re capable of sailing the high seas without human intervention.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) launched a pair of saildrones (海洋无人机) in Pacific Northwest waters.Their summer-long sailing journey will stretch from Vancouver Island to California.The saildrone operators will collect data to help set future fishing seasons.The government wants to see whether seagoing robots can extend fishery surveys performed by expensive manned ships.
Nora Cohen from NOAA said,“The 23-foot long seagoing robots can follow a remotely-programmed course for up to a year at a time.And they don’t require any fuel.We use wind and solar power to drive the sensors.”He added,“It means that we’re able to go to places where we don’t really want to send people,and go into weather that we really don’t want anyone ever to be in,while still being able to send back measurements.”
The primary mission is to investigate the species and number of fish in existence and the places where they are.Larry Hufnagle,a scientist of NOAA Fisheries in Seattle,said a traditional big NOAA research ship-based survey costs around $25,000 per day.By comparison,one saildrone runs $2,500 per day.
“It could be a significant saving,”Hufnagle said.“But like anything else,there is a tradeoff in what you get and what you don’t get.On the manned ship,we have limited time.It takes a lot of people.We spend a fair amount of money.But there is one thing the saildrone can’t do that humans can:Cast a net to catch and positively identify the fish detected below.The saildrones are going to give us additional data,not replacement data.”
Nora Cohen said a venture capital-backed company based in Alameda,California,expects to launch more seagoing robots to survey different water bodies for NOAA.The Bering and Arctic seas,coastal California and Gulf of Mexico will be the locations of additional missions.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了海洋无人机给人类带来的影响。
(　　)1.What is the purpose of collecting fish data
[A]To explore the ocean.
[B]To assist fishing industry.
[C]To learn the habits of fish.
[D]To improve fishing skills.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知,海洋无人机操作员将收集数据以帮助确定未来的捕鱼季节,帮助捕鱼业。故选B。
(　　)2.What is mainly discussed about the saildrone in Paragraph 3
[A]Its advantages.
[B]Its appearance.
[C]Its power systems.
[D]Its primary mission.
【答案】 A
【解析】 段落大意题。通读第三段可知,海洋无人机可以进行远程程序控制,每次运行时间长达一年。海洋无人机不需要任何燃料,我们依靠风能和太阳能来驱动传感器。此外,海洋无人机可以前往我们不想派人前往的地方,可以置身于恶劣天气中,同时还能将数据传回。由此可知,本段主要介绍的是海洋无人机的优势。故选A。
(　　)3.What does the underlined word “tradeoff” in Paragraph 5 probably mean
[A]Debate. [B]Reason.
[C]Reality. [D]Balance.
【答案】 D
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据画线词下文可知,虽然与海洋无人机相比,有人驾驶的船只进行的渔业调查时长有限,且会花费大量的人力和财力,但是人类驾驶的船只却能做到海洋无人机做不到的一点:撒网捕捉,并主动识别检测到的鱼。由此可知,海洋无人机有利也有弊,这实则是一种平衡。故选D。
(　　)4.What can be inferred from the text
[A]The saildrone has a promising future.
[B]Hufnagle thinks little of the saildrone.
[C]Manned ships will be completely replaced.
[D]Production of seagoing robots is restricted.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,预计将有更多海洋无人机执行任务,为NOAA勘测不同的水域。白令海、北冰洋、加利福尼亚海岸和墨西哥湾将是其任务地点。据此可以推断出海洋无人机的前景是光明的。故选A。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
　　Chinese scientists have developed a kind of plastic that degrades in sea water and could help slow down the 1.　　　　(increase) serious plastic pollution in the ocean.
The new plastic can degrade in sea water over a period ranging from a few days to several hundred days,2.　　　　(leave) small parts that cause no pollution,said Wang Gexia,3.　　　　 is a senior engineer.
For a long time,people focused 4.　　　　 white pollution on land.Plastic pollution in the sea only caught people’s attention when more and more 5.　　　　(report) about marine animals dying from it appeared in recent years.
Scientists combined water dissolution and biodegradation processes 6.　　　　(design) and invent 7.　　　　 new plastic.
The research 8.　　　　(select) as one of the winning projects at a contest.The contest encouraged young Chinese scientists to develop groundbreaking technologies and was intended to inspire creativity.
China has given top attention to 9.　　　　(environment) protection,contributing Chinese wisdom to 10.　　　　(resolve) global pollution problems.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学家研制出的一种新塑料,它能在海水中降解,使用这种塑料能缓解海洋中日益严重的塑料污染问题。
1.【答案】 increasingly
【解析】 考查副词。空后serious为形容词,设空处应用副词形式,作状语。故填increasingly。
2.【答案】 leaving
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并结合语境可知,此处表示自然而然的结果,所以应用现在分词形式,作状语。故填leaving。
3.【答案】 who
【解析】 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Wang Gexia,指人,引导词在从句中作主语。故填who。
4.【答案】 on
【解析】 考查介词。短语focus on为固定搭配,表示“把注意力集中于”。故填on。
5.【答案】 reports
【解析】 考查名词复数。report为可数名词,由“more and more+可数名词复数”表示“越来越多的……”可知,此处应用名词复数形式。故填reports。
6.【答案】 to design
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知,科学家们将水的溶解和生物降解过程结合起来设计并发明了这种新塑料。此处用动词不定式,表目的。故填to design。
7.【答案】 the
【解析】 考查冠词。此处表示特指,指的是上文提到的科学家发明的新塑料,应用定冠词。故填the。
8.【答案】 was selected
【解析】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据后文的encouraged可知,这里讲的是过去的事情,时态应用一般过去时;主语与谓语构成动宾关系,故用被动语态;又因为主语是The research,因此be动词用was。故填was selected。
9.【答案】 environmental
【解析】 考查形容词。protection为名词,设空处应用形容词形式,作定语。故填environmental。
10.【答案】 resolving
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。“contribute...to...”意为“把……贡献给……”,其中to为介词,其后应用动名词形式。故填resolving。(共25张PPT)
UNIT 3　课时作业(三)
(分值:45 分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.The students in the robotics club used their knowledge to 　　　　 (利用) new features in the programming language,creating more efficient robots.
2.The police launched an investigation into the 　　　　 (谋杀) case that shocked the whole community.
3.They showed no 　　　　 (仁慈) to the invaders.
exploit
murder
mercy
4.The unforeseen 　　 　　 (迁移) of whales to the coastal bay surprised the local fishermen.
5.In the old 　　　　 (电话号码簿), she found the address of the long-lost relative she had been searching for.
6.Tom was busy packing his luggage for the trip; 　　　 　 (与此同时), his sister was making a list of things to buy.
7.After the fire she lost all her precious 　　　　 (个人财产), but she was grateful to be alive.
migration
directory
meanwhile
possessions
8.The two 　　 　　 (对手) in the debate were both well-prepared, presenting strong arguments.
9.They decided to 　　　　 (记录) their experiences during the camping trip in a journal, so they could look back on the memories later.
10.The firefighters arrived quickly and 　　　　 (阻止) the spread of the fire.
opponents
log
arrested
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.　　　 　 (migration) whales swam across vast amounts of frigid ocean waters.
2.The region’s natural resource 　　 　　 (exploit) has caused environmental problems.
3.We can only hope the court is 　　　　 (mercy).
4.I’m afraid he doesn’t 　　　　 (possession) a sense of humour.
Migratory
exploitation
merciful
possess
5.　　　 legend has it, there’s hidden treasure in the ancient ruins, drawing countless adventurers.
6.The local market offers a wide range 　　　　 goods, from fresh produce to handicrafts.
7.The detective noticed an 　　　 　 (arrest) detail at the crime scene, which could solve the mystery.
As
of
arresting
8.Scientists are eager to carry 　　　　 research on the newly-found plant species to unlock its potential medicinal value.
9.The heavy rain poured continuously for hours, 　　 　　 (flood) the low-lying areas.
10.The construction crew is scheduled to put the newly designed bridge
　　　　 operation next month.
out
flooding
into
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.她在湿地板上跑,滑倒并伤到了膝盖。(现在分词作结果状语)
2.一道闪光吸引了他的注意,让他转过身来。(arrest)
She ran on the wet floor, slipping and hurting her knees.
2.A flash of light arrested his attention, making him turn around.
3.她节省每一分钱,以便能在母亲节给妈妈买一份漂亮的礼物。(so that引导目的状语从句)
4.她被一种想赢得比赛的强烈欲望所支配,于是更加努力地训练。(possess)
She saved every penny so that she could buy her mother a beautiful gift on Mother’s Day.
She was possessed with/by a strong desire to win the race, so she trained harder.
5.当太阳落山时,她朝家走去。(as引导时间状语从句)
As the sun set, she headed home.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
　　More than 2,200 years ago, a battle between the Romans and the Carthaginians took place at sea off northwestern Sicily.Rome was victorious, defeating the other military ships and ending the war.While so much was destroyed at the time, scientists have recently discovered a shipwreck that was sunk in the battle with at least 114 animal species living on the ship’s ram (夯锤).
The ram’s discovery is an important archaeological discovery.But finding it to be a host for so much underwater life also provides great insight for scientists studying how marine animals colonize (聚居) empty sites and slowly create diverse and rich communities there.
The ram was recovered in 2017, located between 75 and 90 metres deep.It’s bronze and hollow, allowing it to accumulate (积累) sea creatures both inside and outside.Several years later the ram was cleaned and restored by researchers.All the marine animals found inside and outside the ram were collected, along with blocks of sediment (沉积物) and hardened materials from the same area.
Scientists have been working to compare the species found in and around the ram with those found in similar Mediterranean habitats.They reconstructed how it had likely been colonized.“We conclude that the primary ‘constructors’ in this community are organisms which attach themselves directly to the wreck’s surface,” said Edoardo Casoli from Sapienza University of Rome.“Then there are ‘habitants’ which aren’t attached but move freely between empty spaces in the superstructure.What we don’t yet know exactly is the order in which these organisms colonize wrecks.”
“Younger shipwrecks typically host a less diverse community than their environment,” said Maria Flavia Gravina, another researcher.“By comparison, our ram is much more representative of the natural habitat.It can act as a novel kind of sampling tool for scientists, which effectively acts as an ‘ecological memory’.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家发现的一个在罗马与迦太基海战中沉没的船只夯锤。在该夯锤上生活着至少114种动物物种,对其研究有助于了解海洋动物如何聚居并形成多样化的群落。
(　　)1.Why is the battle between the Romans and the Carthaginians mentioned
[A]To lead in the topic.
[B]To draw a conclusion.
[C]To arouse the sympathy about the war.
[D]To clarify the serious damage caused by the war.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。文章开篇提到2 200多年前罗马与迦太基的海战,接着提到科学家发现了在这场海战中沉没的船只夯锤以及夯锤上的海洋动物。所以提到这场海战是为了引入文章的话题。故选A。
(　　)2.How did scientists do researches about the marine animals on the ram
[A]By creating the post-war situations.
[B]By comparing the habitats of 114 species.
[C]By restoration, reconstruction and comparison.
[D]By putting the organisms colonize wrecks in order.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Several years later the ram was cleaned and restored by researchers.”可知进行了修复(restoration);第四段中的“Scientists have been working to compare the species found in and around the ram with those found in similar Mediterranean habitats.They reconstructed how it had likely been colonized.”提到了比较(comparison)和重建(reconstruction)。所以科学家是通过修复、重建和比较来研究夯锤上的海洋动物的。故选C。
(　　)3.What does the underlined word “It” refer to in the last paragraph
[A]The ship’s ram.
[B]The marine environment.
[C]A less diverse community.
[D]The natural habitat of marine animals.
A
【解析】 代词指代题。根据最后一段中的“By comparison, our ram is much more representative of the natural habitat.It can act as a novel kind of sampling tool for scientists, which effectively acts as an ‘ecological memory’.”可知,是将夯锤与其他情况作比较,说夯锤更能代表自然栖息地,它可以作为一种新型的采样工具,所以“It”指代的是“The ship’s ram”。故选A。
(　　)4.Where is the passage probably taken from
[A]A guidebook to a sea exploration.
[B]An educational website.
[C]A government document.
[D]A natural science magazine.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是根据第二段可知,本文主要介绍了科学家们在一个2 200多年的沉船夯锤上发现了100多种海洋动物物种,并进行了研究。文章与自然科学领域的研究相关,因此最可能选自一本自然科学杂志。故选D。(共28张PPT)
UNIT 3　课时作业(二)
(分值:45.5 分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共7题;每题1.5分,共10.5分)
1.It is challenging 　　　　　　　　 (master) advanced maths concepts within a short time.
2.The most important thing for us now is 　　　　　　　　 (prepare) for the coming mid-term exams.
3.She chose 　　　　　　　　 (join) the school’s drama club to develop her acting skills.
4.The coach encouraged the players 　　　　　　 (give) their best in the upcoming match.
to master
to prepare
to join
to give
5.I plan 　　　　　　　　　　 (visit) my grandparents during the National Day holiday.
6.　　　　　　　　 (improve) her writing ability, she practices writing an essay every week.
7.It is necessary 　　　　　　　　 (review) what we have learnt regularly to strengthen our memory.
to visit
To improve
to review
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.为了缓解紧张情绪,她在走上舞台前深吸一口气。
2.解决这个困境的唯一办法似乎是耐心等待救援。
To ease her nervousness, she took a deep breath before stepping onto the stage.
The only way to solve this difficult situation seemed to be waiting patiently for rescue.
3.他下定决心在黑暗的森林里寻找丢失的钥匙,坚决不放弃。
4.这位好心的女士让孩子们公平地分享玩具,希望教会他们善良的价值。
He made up his mind to search for the lost key in the dark forest and determined not to give up.
The kind-hearted woman asked the children to share the toys fairly, hoping to teach them the value of kindness.
5.他很难相信自己在比赛中获得了一等奖,脸上露出了灿烂的笑容。
It was hard for him to believe that he had won first prize in the competition, a big smile spreading across his face.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
　　They’re life-jacket orange,they’re robots and they’re capable of sailing the high seas without human intervention.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) launched a pair of saildrones (海洋无人机) in Pacific Northwest waters.Their summer-long sailing journey will stretch from Vancouver Island to California.The saildrone operators will collect data to help set future fishing seasons.The government wants to see whether seagoing robots can extend fishery surveys performed by expensive manned ships.
Nora Cohen from NOAA said,“The 23-foot long seagoing robots can follow a remotely-programmed course for up to a year at a time.And they don’t require any fuel.We use wind and solar power to drive the sensors.” He added,“It means that we’re able to go to places where we don’t really want to send people,and go into weather that we really don’t want anyone ever to be in,while still being able to send back measurements.”
The primary mission is to investigate the species and number of fish in existence and the places where they are.Larry Hufnagle,a scientist of NOAA Fisheries in Seattle,said a traditional big NOAA research ship-based survey costs around $25,000 per day.By comparison,one saildrone runs $2,500 per day.
“It could be a significant saving,”Hufnagle said.“But like anything else,there is a tradeoff in what you get and what you don’t get.On the manned ship,we have limited time.It takes a lot of people.We spend a fair amount of money.But there is one thing the saildrone can’t do that humans can:Cast a net to catch and positively identify the fish detected below.The saildrones are going to give us additional data,not replacement data.”
Nora Cohen said a venture capital-backed company based in Alameda, California,expects to launch more seagoing robots to survey different water bodies for NOAA.The Bering and Arctic seas,coastal California and Gulf of Mexico will be the locations of additional missions.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了海洋无人机给人类带来的影响。
(　　)1.What is the purpose of collecting fish data
[A]To explore the ocean.
[B]To assist fishing industry.
[C]To learn the habits of fish.
[D]To improve fishing skills.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知,海洋无人机操作员将收集数据以帮助确定未来的捕鱼季节,帮助捕鱼业。故选B。
(　　)2.What is mainly discussed about the saildrone in Paragraph 3
[A]Its advantages.
[B]Its appearance.
[C]Its power systems.
[D]Its primary mission.
A
【解析】 段落大意题。通读第三段可知,海洋无人机可以进行远程程序控制,每次运行时间长达一年。海洋无人机不需要任何燃料,我们依靠风能和太阳能来驱动传感器。此外,海洋无人机可以前往我们不想派人前往的地方,可以置身于恶劣天气中,同时还能将数据传回。由此可知,本段主要介绍的是海洋无人机的优势。故选A。
(　　)3.What does the underlined word “tradeoff” in Paragraph 5 probably mean
[A]Debate. [B]Reason.
[C]Reality. [D]Balance.
D
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据画线词下文可知,虽然与海洋无人机相比,有人驾驶的船只进行的渔业调查时长有限,且会花费大量的人力和财力,但是人类驾驶的船只却能做到海洋无人机做不到的一点:撒网捕捉,并主动识别检测到的鱼。由此可知,海洋无人机有利也有弊,这实则是一种平衡。故选D。
(　　)4.What can be inferred from the text
[A]The saildrone has a promising future.
[B]Hufnagle thinks little of the saildrone.
[C]Manned ships will be completely replaced.
[D]Production of seagoing robots is restricted.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,预计将有更多海洋无人机执行任务,为NOAA勘测不同的水域。白令海、北冰洋、加利福尼亚海岸和墨西哥湾将是其任务地点。据此可以推断出海洋无人机的前景是光明的。故选A。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
　　Chinese scientists have developed a kind of plastic that degrades in sea water and could help slow down the 1.　　 　　(increase) serious plastic pollution in the ocean.
The new plastic can degrade in sea water over a period ranging from a few days to several hundred days,2.　　　　(leave) small parts that cause no pollution,said Wang Gexia,3.　　　　 is a senior engineer.
increasingly
leaving
who
For a long time,people focused 4.　　　 　 white pollution on land.
Plastic pollution in the sea only caught people’s attention when more and more 5.　　　　(report) about marine animals dying from it appeared in recent years.
Scientists combined water dissolution and biodegradation processes
6.　　 　 　(design) and invent 7.　　　 　 new plastic.
on
reports
to design
the
The research 8.　　　 　(select) as one of the winning projects at a contest.The contest encouraged young Chinese scientists to develop groundbreaking technologies and was intended to inspire creativity.
China has given top attention to 9.　　　 　(environment) protection,contributing Chinese wisdom to 10.　　 　　(resolve) global pollution problems.
environmental
was selected
resolving
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学家研制出的一种新塑料,它能在海水中降解,使用这种塑料能缓解海洋中日益严重的塑料污染问题。
1.【答案】 increasingly
【解析】 考查副词。空后serious为形容词,设空处应用副词形式,作状语。故填increasingly。
2.【答案】 leaving
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并结合语境可知,此处表示自然而然的结果,所以应用现在分词形式,作状语。故填leaving。
3.【答案】 who
【解析】 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Wang Gexia,指人,引导词在从句中作主语。故填who。
4.【答案】 on
【解析】 考查介词。短语focus on为固定搭配,表示“把注意力集中于”。故填on。
5.【答案】 reports
【解析】 考查名词复数。report为可数名词,由“more and more+可数名词复数”表示“越来越多的……”可知,此处应用名词复数形式。故填reports。
6.【答案】 to design
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知,科学家们将水的溶解和生物降解过程结合起来设计并发明了这种新塑料。此处用动词不定式,表目的。故填to design。
7.【答案】 the
【解析】 考查冠词。此处表示特指,指的是上文提到的科学家发明的新塑料,应用定冠词。故填the。
8.【答案】 was selected
【解析】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据后文的encouraged可知,这里讲的是过去的事情,时态应用一般过去时;主语与谓语构成动宾关系,故用被动语态;又因为主语是The research,因此be动词用was。故填was selected。
9.【答案】 environmental
【解析】 考查形容词。protection为名词,设空处应用形容词形式,作定语。故填environmental。
10.【答案】 resolving
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。“contribute...to...”意为“把……贡献给……”,其中to为介词,其后应用动名词形式。故填resolving。[头脑风暴·思维发散]
　　The brave sailors set sail on a challenging journey.They had to negotiate with local tribes to secure safe passage.Their goal was to extend their trade routes and exploit new resources.Meanwhile,they observed disciplines and obeyed laws,so they wouldn’t be arrested for illegal activities.They carried a mixture of goods.When they finally achieved success,the crew withdrew safely,and people back home applauded their achievements.
勇敢的水手们扬帆起航,踏上了一段充满挑战的旅程。他们必须与当地部落进行谈判,以确保安全通行。他们的目标是拓展贸易路线,开发新资源。与此同时,他们遵纪守法,因此他们不会因非法活动而被捕。他们携带了各种各样的货物。当他们最终取得成功时,船员们安全撤离,家乡的人们为他们的成就鼓掌喝彩。
Reading and Thinking,Learning About Language
写作词汇
1.tale　　　　　 n.故事;叙述
2.league n.等级;水平;联合会;联赛
3.bond n.纽带;关系
vt.& vi.增强信任关系;使牢固
结合
4.tax vt.对……征税;使纳税
n.税;税款
5.manned adj.有人控制的;需人操纵的
6.underwater adv.在水下
adj.水下的
阅读词汇
1.merchant　　　　 n.商人;批发商
adj.海上货运的
2.fleet n.舰队;机群;车队
3.behold vt.(beheld,beheld) 看;看见
4.spice n.(调味)香料
5.channel n.航道;海峡;频道
6.maritime adj.海的;海运的;海事的
7.tournament n.锦标赛;联赛
8.laptop n.笔记本电脑;便携式电脑
9.submersible n.潜水器;可潜船
10.capsule n.胶囊;太空舱
11.coral n.珊瑚
拓展词汇
1.extend vt.扩展;使伸长;延长→extension n.扩大;延伸→extensive adj.广阔的;广泛的;大规模的
2.negotiate vt.商定;达成(协议) vi.谈判;磋商;协商→negotiation n.谈判;磋商;协商→negotiator n.谈判者
3.royal adj.皇家的;王室的;高贵的→royalty n.王室成员;版税→royally adv.庄严地,高贵地
4.withdraw vi.& vt.(使)撤回;撤离→withdrawal n.收回;撤回;退出;取款
5.politics n.政治;政治观点→political adj.政治(上)的→politically adv.政治上→politician n.政治家
6.profession n.职业;行业→professional adj.专业的;职业的 n.专业人员;专家→professionally adv.专业地;内行地→professor n.教授;(大学的)讲师
7.mixture n.混合;结合体;混合物→mix vt.& vi.(使)混合;调配→mixed adj.混合的
8.coverage n.新闻报道;覆盖范围→cover vt.覆盖;包括;报道
9.applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞;赞赏→applause n.鼓掌;掌声
重点词块
1.form the foundation of　　　 构成……的基础
2.set sail 起航;开航
3.centre around 以……为中心
4.in a league of one’s own 独领风骚
5.under the command of 在……的指挥下
6.in return for 作为对……的回报/交换
7.withdraw from 退出;撤回
8.in years to come 在未来几年
9.for the benefit of 为……的利益
10.from a scientific point of view
从科学的角度来看
11.in hand 在手头;可供使用
12.be a passion for 对……充满激情
重点句型
1.In ancient times,silk from China found its way overland to India,the Middle East,and Rome,along what became known as the Silk Road.(what引导名词性从句)
在古代,中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马,这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。
2.From a scientific point of view,there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.(there is a need to do sth结构)
从科学角度看,迫切需要研究北极,以了解气候变化及其影响。
3.Hundreds of years on,and with the latest technology in hand,the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.(with复合结构)
数百年过去了,由于拥有了最新技术,在贸易的必要性和增进关系的愿望的驱动下,中国将跨海越洋,迈向未来。
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与自然——了解海洋探索。
2.语篇类型:说明文。
3.课文内容分析:
本文主要介绍了中国从古至今的海洋探索历程。阅读本文,有利于引导学生思考海洋探索对国家乃至整个世界的影响,体会“一带一路”,特别是“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的深远意义。
多维解读·浅析结构
【答案】 1.Trade and curiosity　2.ancient times　3.Ming Dynasty　4.being revisited　5.important projects　6.the future
精研细读·深层理解
　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　
(　　)1.Why did the early explorers search for sea routes
[A]Because they wanted to find the sea routes from east to west.
[B]Because they wanted to discover the mysteries of the sea.
[C]Because they were inspired by Marco Polo’s tales.
[D]Because they were driven by curiosity and the need to trade.
(　　)2.How did ancient China trade with other countries
[A]By overland trading.
[B]By using the Silk Road and sea routes.
[C]By inviting foreign merchants to China.
[D]By negotiating with explorers of other countries.
(　　)3.Where did China explore with other countries in recent years
[A]The Red Sea. [B]The Arctic.
[C]The South China Sea. [D]The east coast of Africa.
(　　)4.What’s the aim of the Belt and Road Initiative
[A]To transform the historic Silk Road.
[B]To create a worldwide trading atmosphere.
[C]To search for new trading partners.
[D]To encourage international trade and cooperation.
【答案】 1.D　2.B　3.B　4.D
二次开发·深研课文
　　Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation of mankind’s greatest 1.　　　　 (achieve).In ancient times,silk from China found its way along 2.　　　　 became known as the Silk Road.A trading route across the sea 3.　　　　 (extend) along the coasts of the Indian Ocean,4.　　　　 (centre) around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).Here,merchants from China and many other places met 5.　　　　 (negotiate) trade deals.Between 1405 and 1433,seven large fleets,6.　　　　 the command of Zheng He,sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration.To reach out across the sea 7.　　　　 (remain) a strong desire today.The Belt and Road Initiative has been proposed,8.　　　　 (encourage) cooperation and trade and strengthening the bonds between China and the rest of the world.Trading has grown 9.　　　　 (great) in recent years,and will continue to do so in years to come.With the latest technology in hand,the need to trade and 10.　　　　 desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
【答案】 1.achievements　2.what　 3.was extended　4.centred　5.to negotiate　6.under　7.remains　8.encouraging　9.greatly　10.the
1.extend vt.扩展;使伸长;延长;提供
·extension n.扩大;延伸
·extensive adj.广阔的;广泛的;大规模的
[教材原句] A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean,centred around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).
以锡兰(今斯里兰卡)为中心的一条横跨海洋的贸易路线沿印度洋海岸延伸。
例We are pleased to extend our warmest welcome to all participants.
我们很高兴向所有参与者致以最热烈的欢迎。
例(应用文写作之申请信)I would like to request an extension of the submission deadline due to unavoidable circumstances.
由于不可避免的情况,我想请求延长提交截止日期。
例(读后续写之动作描写)Sarah extended out her hand,offering a warm smile that bridged the gap between them.
莎拉伸出手,露出一个温暖的微笑,弥合了他们之间的隔阂。
extend (from)...to...(从……)延伸到…… extend sb sth=extend sth to sb 向某人表示/发出…… extend sth by使某物/事延长/延伸…… extend out伸出
[语境运用 句子语法填空/翻译句子
This library has an 　　　　 (extend) collection of books covering various subjects.
The school decided to provide an opportunity for new students to take an 　　　(extend) course,helping them better adapt to school life.
(应用文写作之演讲稿)我们应该向每一个帮助过我们的人表达感激之情。
【答案】 extensive　 extension　 We should extend our gratitude to everyone who has helped us.
To accommodate the extensive research required for the project,the team decided to extend their laboratory and requested a one-month extension from the deadline.
为了满足项目所需的大量研究,该团队决定扩建实验室,并要求在截止日期后延长一个月。
2.negotiate vt.商定;达成(协议) vi.谈判;磋商;协商
·negotiation n.谈判;磋商;协商
·negotiator n.谈判者
[教材原句] Here,merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals,which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.
在这里,来自中国和其他许多地方的商人汇聚一堂,洽谈贸易协议,这也增进了对彼此文化的认识。
例The president of the student union negotiated with the teachers about the details of holding a campus culture festival.
学生会主席与老师们就举办校园文化节的细节进行了商讨。
例The details of the contract are still under negotiation.
合约的细节仍在协商中。
例(应用文写作之告知信)I would like to schedule a meeting to negotiate the contract details with your team.
我想安排一次会议,与您的团队协商合同细节。
·negotiate with sb about/on/over sth 就某事与某人商议/谈判 negotiate sth with sb与某人商议某事 ·under negotiation 在商谈中 in negotiation with 和……协商中
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
This terms are currently 　　　　 negotiation,and we expect a final agreement by Friday.
I’ll negotiate 　　　　 their coach on the date of the match.
As a skilled 　　　　(negotiate),she played a crucial role in resolving the dispute between them.
Maria 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(与她的丈夫就使用家用汽车进行了协商),emphasizing her urgent need for it.
【答案】 under　 with　 negotiator　
negotiated with her husband about using the family car
As an experienced negotiator,John was asked to negotiate the terms of the agreement,and his efforts led to a successful negotiation that satisfied both parties.
作为一名经验丰富的谈判者,约翰被要求就协议的条款进行谈判,他的努力促成了一个令双方都满意的谈判结果。
3.withdraw vi.& vt.(使)撤回;撤离;使退出;提取;收回
·withdrawal n.收回;撤回;退出;取款
[教材原句] Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433,these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.
尽管1433年后中国停止了进一步的探索,但在随后的几个世纪,这些陆地和海洋路线仍是(中国)与其他文化交流的活跃通道。
例His sudden withdrawal from the game surprised everyone.
他突然退出比赛让所有人都很惊讶。
例(应用文写作之通知)The school has decided to withdraw all students from participating in the sports meet due to safety concerns.
出于安全考虑,学校已决定让所有学生退出运动会。
例She withdrew from the party early,feeling a bit uncomfortable.
她因感觉有点不舒服,很早就从聚会上离开了。
withdraw from从……撤出,撤回 withdraw sb/sth from把/使……从……中撤出/取出 withdraw to退入;撤退到
withdraw本身已经包含了“……回”之意,故不能再和back连用,有类似用法的动词还有return、repay等。
[语境运用] 一词多义/完成句子
A.从某处撤出/退出　B.取款　C.撤销(提议、声明等)　D.使(自己)脱离社交
He went to the bank to withdraw some money for his trip.　　
After realizing the mistake,they quickly withdrew their previous statement.　　
Since the loss of her friend,she has begun to withdraw herself from social gatherings.　　
She decided to withdraw from the competition due to an injury.　　
(应用文写作之致歉信)We regret to inform you that we must 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(退出比赛) due to unforeseen circumstances.
(应用文写作之通知)In case of emergency,please follow the staff instructions and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(撤离至最近的安全区域).
【答案】 B　 C　 D　A　 withdraw from the contest　 withdraw to the nearest safe area
4.in hand 在手头;可供使用
[教材原句] Hundreds of years on,and with the latest technology in hand,the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
数百年过去了,由于拥有了最新技术,在贸易的必要性和增进关系的愿望的驱动下,中国将跨海越洋,迈向未来。
例Before going to class,make sure you have all your learning materials in hand.
上课之前,确保你手头有所有的学习资料。
例When preparing for a class presentation,it’s helpful to have your slides and notes at hand.
在为课堂演示做准备时,有你的幻灯片和笔记近在手边是很有帮助的。
at hand近在手边;在近处(随时可用);即将发生 at first hand第一手;亲自 by hand手工 hand in hand手挽手;密切关联 give/lend sb a hand帮助某人 out of hand失去控制 on hand在场;可用
[语境运用] 语段填空
在村庄里,当一场猛烈的暴风雨即将来临时,准备工作变得异常紧张。艾米丽的家人确保所有物资都在手边。看到约翰先生正在费力应对修缮工作,艾米丽伸出了援手,帮助他修理屋顶。与此同时,志愿者们在场待命,以维持秩序并防止情况失控。所有人携手合作,展现了非凡的团结。
In the village,as a fierce storm was coming,preparations were intense.Emily’s family ensured all supplies were 　　　　　　　　.Seeing Mr John struggling with repair work,Emily 　　　　　　　　　　　　　,helping fix his roof.Meanwhile,volunteers were 　　　　　　　　　 to maintain order and prevent things from getting 　　　　　　　　　　　.All people worked 　　　　　　　　,showing remarkable unity.
【答案】 at hand　 gave him a hand　 on hand out of hand　 hand in hand
5.applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞;赞赏
·applause n.鼓掌;掌声
例We applaud the organizers for their hard work in making this event a success.
我们对组织者为使此次活动取得成功所付出的努力表示赞赏。
例As soon as she finished singing,the room burst into applause,filling her with joy and pride.
她一唱完歌,房间里立刻爆发出掌声,让她满怀喜悦和自豪。
例(读后续写之主旨升华)Let us not forget to applaud every small victory along the way,as each step forward is a testament to our collective effort.
让我们不要忘记为一路上的每一个小胜利鼓掌,因为前进的每一步都是对我们共同努力的证明。
·applaud sb for sth 因某事而为某人鼓掌;因某事而称赞某人 applaud sth 赞赏/称赞某事;为某事鼓掌 ·give applause 给予掌声 a round of applause 一阵掌声 burst into applause 爆发出掌声
在英语中,以-d结尾的动词变名词时,把-d改为-se的动词还有offend(冒犯)→offense;respond(回应)→response等。
[语境运用] 一句多译
(读后续写之动作描写)当表演者们最后谢幕时,观众报以雷鸣般的掌声。
→The audience 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 as they took their final bow.(applaud)
→The audience 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 as they took their final bow.(applause)
→As the performers took their final bow,the audience responded 　　　　　　　　　　　　.(with)
【答案】 applauded the performers thunderously;burst into thunderous applause for the performers;with thunderous applause
what引导的名词性从句
[教材原句] In ancient times,silk from China found its way overland to India,the Middle East,and Rome,along what became known as the Silk Road.
在古代,中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马,这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。
例She opened the box,curious to see what was hidden inside.
她打开盒子,好奇地想看看里面藏着什么。
例(读后续写之主旨升华)They eventually came to the realization that what mattered most was not just getting across the river safely,but also the lessons they learned during the process.
他们最终意识到,最重要的不仅仅是安全过河,还有在这个过程中所学到的经验。
·what在名词性从句中可作主语、宾语或表语,译为“……的东西/事情”。该从句在结构上相当于“the+名词+定语从句”。 ·what引导名词性从句时,在具体语境中表示一定的具体意义。that引导名词性从句时,在从句中不作任何成分,没有实际意义,只起连接作用。
[语境运用] 完成句子/一句多译
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (她在房子里看到的东西) filled her with a mix of excitement and fear.
The little boy hid behind the door,peeking out,wondering 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(父母为他的生日策划了什么).
(读后续写之动作描写)她盯着那张旧照片,努力回忆那个难忘的夏天发生了什么。
→She stared at the old photo,trying to recall 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 during that unforgettable summer.(名词性从句)
→She stared at the old photo,trying to recall 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 during that unforgettable summer.(定语从句)
【答案】 What she saw in the house　 what his parents were planning for his birthday　 what had happened;the things that had happened
there is a need to do sth 结构,意为“有必要做某事”
[教材原句] From a scientific point of view,there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.
从科学角度看,迫切需要研究北极,以了解气候变化及其影响。
例You have prepared for this exam so there is no need to be worried.
你已经为考试做好了准备,因此完全没必要担心。
例(应用文写作之演讲稿)There is a need for students to develop good study habits to achieve better academic results.
对学生来说,养成良好的学习习惯以取得更好的学习成绩是很有必要的。
in need在危难中,在危急中 in need of需要 there is no need for...……是没有必要的 there is no need for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事没有必要
常见的there be句式结构如下所示。
there is no point/sense (in) doing sth做某事没有意义
there is no use/good (in) doing sth做某事没有用处/好处
there is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
there is no denying that...不可否认……
[语境运用] 完成句子
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (不可否认) protecting the environment is of great importance.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (有必要和你的小组成员清晰地沟通)to finish the project on time.
(应用文写作之建议信)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (毫无疑问) regular participation in sports activities has a positive impact on physical health and academic performance.
【答案】 There is no denying that　 There is a need to communicate clearly with your group members　 There is no doubt that
[教材原句] The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative.
尝试分析:本句是一个主从复合句。句中 为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰名词短语The ancient sea routes; 为which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road,which在从句中作主语。
自主翻译:随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出,郑和航行过的古代航道如今再度受到关注。
　[语境运用] 情境写作
(应用文写作之报道)我们昨天参加了李教授关于海洋资源保护的讲座,这提升了我们的环境保护意识。
We attended the lecture on marine resources protection delivered by Professor Li yesterday,which raised our awareness of environmental protection.
语法微专题3　动词不定式
To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.
Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east.
The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas,and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.
Trading has grown greatly in recent years,and will continue to do so in years to come.
From a scientific point of view,there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.
　　观察以上句子,判断动词不定式在各个句子中所作的成分。
　　动词不定式的基本构成是“to+动词原形”(其否定形式是“not to+动词原形”)。动词不定式仍保留着动词的部分特性,可以带宾语和状语构成不定式短语,有时态和语态的变化。动词不定式(短语)具有名词、形容词或副词的某些句法功能,在句中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等成分。
一、动词不定式的时态和语态
时态 主动语态 被动语态 意义
一般时 to do to be done 与谓语动作同时或在其后发生
进行时 to be doing — 在谓语动作发生时,不定式的动作正在进行
完成时 to have done to have been done 在谓语动作之前发生
完成进 行时 to have been doing — 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前并且一直在进行
I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.
我打算参加明天举行的会议。(hold发生在plan之后,且meeting与hold之间为被动关系)
They are said to be studying psychology.
据说,他们正在研究心理学。(study与say同时发生,且正在进行)
I’m very sorry to have kept you sitting around doing nothing.
让你一直无所事事地坐着,我很抱歉。(keep发生在be sorry之前)
She is known to have been dealing with the problems for many years.
大家知道,她处理这类难题已经有很多年了。
(deal with发生在know之前,且动作一直在进行)
[语境运用] 翻译句子
她似乎正在考虑买一辆新车。
受邀来玛丽的生日聚会是极大的荣幸。
【答案】 She seems to be considering buying a new car.
It’s a great honour to be invited to Mary’s birthday party.
二、动词不定式的句法功能
1.动词不定式作主语
　　动词不定式具有名词的作用,在句中作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。动词不定式作主语的句子,常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语,即动词不定式移到句子的后面。
To balance study and play is critical but challenging for many teenagers.
对许多青少年来说,平衡好学习和玩耍是至关重要的,但也是富于挑战性的。
It’s necessary and important to know some basic rules of sea voyages.
了解一些海上航行的基本规则是必要且重要的。
在“It is +adj.+of/for sb to do sth” 句型中,当形容词表达事物的特征时,用for sb;当形容词表达人的特征或品质时,用of sb。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
It is important for us students 　　　　　　　 (work) out on a regular basis.
　　　　　　　　 (climb) up the mountain is easy,while to go down is hard.
【答案】 to work　 To climb
2.动词不定式作表语
当句子的主语是aim、idea、plan、policy、task、dream、purpose、duty、job等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时,后面可以用不定式作表语,用来说明主语所包含的内容。(当主语部分有实义动词do的某种形式时,不定式的to可以省略。)
His purpose is to arouse people’s awareness of protecting various marine resources on Earth.
他的目的是唤起人们保护地球上各种海洋资源的意识。
The important thing in life is to have a great goal and the determination to achieve it.
人生重要的事情就是,确立一个伟大的目标并决心实现这个目标。
What we need to do now is (to) find a way to solve this problem.
我们现在需要做的是找到一个解决这个问题的方法。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
Whether we will succeed or not remains 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (see).
My desired goal is 　　　　　　　　 (get) into my preferred university.
【答案】 to be seen　 to get
3.动词不定式作宾语
常用不定式作宾语的动词 三个希望两答应:hope、wish、want、agree、promise
两个要求莫拒绝:demand、ask、refuse
设法学会做决定:manage、learn、decide
不要假装在选择:pretend、choose
打算提出两计划:intend、offer、plan、mean
申请失败负担得起:apply、fail、afford
准备愿望又碰巧:prepare、desire、happen
“动词+it+adj./n.+动词不定式”结构 it 为形式宾语,不定式为真正的宾语。常用于该结构的动词有feel、find、think、believe、consider、make等
介词的宾语 不定式一般不作介词的宾语,只有少数介词如but、except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to,如果句子里的谓语动词是实义动词do、does时,通常省略to。
The vast sea never fails to earn curiosity and amazement from people.
浩瀚的大海总能引起人们的好奇和惊叹。
They feel it worthwhile to have such a great trip.
他们觉得拥有这样一次极好的旅行是值得的。
We have no choice but to wait.
我们除了等别无选择。
既可跟动词-ing形式又可跟动词不定式作宾语的动词(短语):
①意义有很大区别的动词(短语):
forget
regret
try
stop
go on
②意义区别不大,有时可互换的动词(短语):
begin/start 　开始做某事
continue 　继续做某事
like/love 　喜欢做某事
　[语境运用] 句子语法填空
After countless interviews,I managed 　　　　　　　　 (stand) out among the candidates.
The new monitor promised 　　　　　　　　 (do) the best she could for us all.
I remembered 　　　　　　　　 (lock) the door before I left the office,but I forgot to turn off the lights.
【答案】 to stand　 to do　 locking
4.动词不定式作定语
(1)当中心词为序数词、形容词最高级、the last、the only等或中心词被这类词修饰时,常用动词不定式作定语。
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
他总是第一个来,最后一个走。
(2)抽象名词time、way、reason、opportunity、chance、ability、promise、attempt等后常用动词不定式作定语。
He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow.
他许诺明天按时来这儿。
(3)something、nothing、anything等不定代词后常用动词不定式作定语。
Do you have anything to say
你有什么要说的吗
(4)动词不定式作定语可表示将来的、还没发生的动作。
There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.
在我们准备好长时间停留在月球上之前,还有许多问题要解决。
在there be句式结构中,当由讲话人去执行不定式的动作,表示义务、责任或必要性时,动词不定式多用主动形式;由别人去执行动作,表示可能性时,多用被动形式。
There are still many things to take care of.
还有许多事需要我们处理。(讲话人处理)
There are still many things to be taken care of.
还有许多事需要处理。(别人处理)
　[语境运用] 句子语法填空
We are invited to a party 　　　　　　　　 (hold) in our club next Friday.
All the teachers 　　　　　　　　 (attend) the opening ceremony tomorrow should wear the uniforms.
You should have the ability 　　　　　　　　 (solve) complicated problems.
【答案】 to be held　 to attend　 to solve
5.动词不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语时,常位于句首或句中,形式上可用in order to do、so as to do、to do等,但so as to do不能置于句首。
I get up early so as to/in order to/to catch the early bus in the morning.
我早晨早起是为了赶早班车。
In order to pass the exam,he worked hard.
为了通过考试,他努力学习。
(2)作结果状语时,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语,常用结构有enough to、“so/such...to”、“too...to”、only to等。
He is clever enough to work out the difficult math problem.
他足够聪明,所以能计算出那道很难的数学题。
I’m too tired to stay up any longer.
我太累了,不能再熬夜了。
不定式作结果状语时,通常表示出乎意料的结果;而现在分词作结果状语时,通常表示自然而然的结果。
We hurried to the station,only to be told that the train had left.
我们匆匆赶到车站,结果被告知火车已经开走了。
Football is played all over the world,making it one of the most popular sports.
世界各地都有人在踢足球,这使足球成了最受欢迎的运动之一。
(3)作原因状语时,常与表示情感的形容词连用,如sorry、disappointed、frightened、surprised、excited、glad、happy、delighted、pleased等。
I’m delighted to hear that you are keen on traditional Chinese culture.
听说你喜欢中国传统文化,我很高兴。
动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语的形容词,如easy、hard、difficult、pleasant、good、fit、comfortable等后面作状语,构成“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构,不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
This book is difficult to understand.
这本书很难理解。
The chair is very comfortable to sit on.
这椅子坐上去很舒服。
　[语境运用] 句子语法填空
Yesterday I went to see her,only 　　　　　　　　　　 (tell) that she had gone abroad a week before.
　　　　　　　　 (improve) her spoken English,she seized every possible opportunity to practise it.
【答案】 to be told　 To improve
6.动词不定式作宾语补足语
(1)ask、tell、invite、get、advise、allow、want、permit、warn、order、encourage、prefer、expect、force、wish、beg等表示命令、教导、要求、意向、允许、警告等意义的动词后常接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.
她要求我在她不在的时候接电话。
My teacher encouraged me to study hard.
我的老师鼓励我努力学习。
Her parents don’t allow her to go out at night.
她的父母不允许她晚上出去。
(2)believe、consider、declare、find、prove、suppose、think等表示意见、认可、判断、料想、声明等意义的动词后的宾语补足语常是“to be”形式。
She’s proved herself to be a very reliable worker.
她证明了自己是一名可靠的员工。
I believe him to be honest.
我相信他是诚实的。
(3)在feel(一感)、hear/listen to(二听)、make/let/have(三让)、see/watch/notice/observe(四看)等使役动词和感官动词(短语)后,动词不定式作宾语补足语时常省略to。这些词在变为被动语态时,to不能省略,此时不定式作主语补足语。
I often hear him sing the song.
我经常听见他唱这首歌。
He is often heard to sing the song.
经常听见他唱这首歌。
　[语境运用] 句子语法填空
My English teacher asked me 　　　　　　　　 (give) a presentation to the class.
I wanted you 　　　　　　　　 (sign) up for some after-class activities.
【答案】 to give　 to sign
1.(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)“The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope 　　　　 (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.”
【答案】 to present
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,设空处应用非谓语动词,hope to do sth意为“希望做某事”,所以设空处应用动词不定式作宾语。故填to present。
2.(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Growing up,my family and our neighbours never used clotheslines to dry clothing,denying me the chance 　　　　 (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine—the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.
【答案】 to discover
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,设空处应用非谓语动词,the chance to do sth为固定搭配,意为“做某事的机会”,所以设空处应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to discover。
3.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)　　　　　　　　 (improve) the quality of observational data,biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.
【答案】 To improve
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故填To improve。
4.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)If you want to be published,it’s vital 　　　　　　　　(submit) a perfect,professionally presented manuscript (原稿).
【答案】 to submit
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句中it为形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语。故填to submit。
5.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)However,if I need 　　　　　　　　 (check) the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage,there’s nothing better.
【答案】 to check
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处是动词不定式作宾语。故填to check。
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.The question is very difficult 　　　　　　　　 (answer).
2.The goal of this activity is 　　　　　　　　 (meet) the needs of common people.
3.Don’t try to hide anything from your mother.She appears 　　　　　　　　 (tell) everything.
4.The airport 　　　　　　　　 (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
[变式训练] The airport 　　　　　　　　　　 (complete) last year helps promote tourism in this area a lot.
5.The first debate was supposed 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (hold) last Tuesday.
6.Jack was in low spirits those days and his friends did all they could 　　　　　　　　 (cheer) him up.
7.Martin showed no anxiety about the competition.He seemed 　　　　　　　　 (prepare) for it pretty well.
8.　　　　　　　　 (admit) to a university in the UK,international students must display strong abilities in spoken and written English.
【答案】 1.to answer　2.to meet　3.to have been told　4.to be completed　[变式训练] completed　5.to have been held　6.to cheer 7.to have prepared　8.To be admitted
Ⅱ.语段填空
　　1.　　　　　　　　(live) a meaningful life is what everyone desires.My dream is 2.　　　　　　　　　　(become) a renowned writer.Thus,I have made a plan 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　(attend) writing classes regularly.I am always eager 4.　　　　　　　　(find) a quiet corner to focus on my creation.I often see my teacher sitting at the desk,5.　　　　　　　　(read) books carefully.She always encourages me 6.　　　　　　　　(express) my true feelings in my works.I have many ideas 7.　　　　　　　　(share) with the world through my stories.8.　　　　　　　　(make) my dream come true,I keep 9.　　　　　　　　(practice) writing every day.Listening to different people’s stories helps me gain inspiration.I believe that with my determination 10.　　　　　　　　(succeed) and continuous efforts,I will achieve my goal one day.
【答案】 1.To live　2.to become　3.to attend　4.to find　5.reading　6.to express　7.to share
8.To make　9.practicing　10.to succeedUsing Language,Assessing Your Progress,Video Time
写作词汇
1.meanwhile　 adv.与此同时;(比较两方面)对比之下
2.opponent n.反对者;对手;竞争者
3.log vt.把……载入正式记录;记录
n.正式记录;日志;原木
阅读词汇
1.directory　　　　 n.名录;电话号码簿;(计算机文件或程序的)目录
2.gallon n.加仑(容积单位,1英制加仑约等于4.5升)
3.murder vt.谋杀;凶杀;毁坏
n.谋杀;凶杀
4.marine adj.海的;海产的;海生的
拓展词汇
1.migration n.迁移;迁徙;移居→migrate vt.迁徙;移居;迁移→migratory adj.迁移的;迁徙的
2.exploit vt.开发;利用;剥削→exploitation n.开发,开采;利用;剥削
3.mercy n.仁慈;宽恕;恩惠→merciful adj.仁慈的;慈悲的→merciless adj.残忍的,无情的
4.possession n.[usually pl.] 个人财产;拥有;控制→possess vt.拥有;控制;支配
5.arrest n.逮捕;拘留;中止 vt.逮捕;拘留;阻止→arresting adj.引人注意的;很有吸引力的
重点词块
1.carry out research on　　　对……开展研究
2.leap out of the water 跃出水面
3.tell...apart 区分……
4.without mercy 残忍地;无情地
5.take action 采取行动
6.vast amounts of 大量的
7.as legend has it 如传说所言
8.as fast as lightning 快如闪电
9.a wide range of 各种各样的
10.put...into operation (使)生效;(使)实行
重点句型
1.Plastic pollution is also bad,killing many birds and fish,and has even been found in our tap water.(现在分词作结果状语)
塑料污染也十分严重,导致许多鸟类和鱼类死亡,甚至在我们的自来水中也发现了塑料污染。
2.We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action.(so that引导目的状语从句)
我们需要了解地球正在发生什么变化才能采取行动。
3.Hopefully,as technology improves,we may have more options for managing this balance.(as引导时间状语从句)
随着技术的进步,我们有望有更多的办法来维持这一平衡。
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与自然——海洋探索的利弊。
2.语篇类型:议论文。
3.课文内容分析:
文章针对“海洋探索的利弊”表达了针锋相对的观点。短文一的观点认为,海洋探索对海洋造成了很大的伤害,弊大于利;短文二的观点认为,海洋探索对人类的发展意义重大。阅读本文,有利于引导学生从了解人类探索海洋的历史出发,落实自身,思考人类与海洋的关系,形成正确的海洋观、价值观。
多维解读·浅析结构
【答案】 1.pollution　2.Mining　3.Overfishing　4.take action　5.resources　6.economic needs
精研细读·深层理解
　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　
(　　)1.Why does the author of Text 1 say no to sea exploration
[A]Because exploring the sea more means exploiting it.
[B]Because it’s no use and a waste of money exploring the sea.
[C]Because it has caused lots of issues and will go on leading to more.
[D]Because the Deepwater Horizon spilled oil into the sea in 2010.
(　　)2.Why does the author mention the Deepwater Horizon
[A]To show it has more gallons of oil.
[B]To explain its influence on animals.
[C]To stress the bad effects of plastic.
[D]To prove it has caused serious pollution.
(　　)3.What’s the author’s opinion in Text 2
[A]Mining for resources is very damaging,especially in the Arctic.
[B]The sea is affected by the growth of population.
[C]Sea exploration has its own advantages and disadvantages.
[D]Sea exploration is of great significance for our future.
(　　)4.What’s the main idea of the passage
[A]The risks about sea exploration.
[B]The benefits about sea exploration.
[C]The necessities and risks about sea exploration.
[D]The balance between sea exploration and protection.
【答案】 1.C　2.D　3.D　4.C
1.mercy n.仁慈;宽恕;恩惠
·merciful adj.仁慈的;慈悲的
·merciless adj.残忍的;无情的
[教材原句] Although this was banned in 1982,some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy.
尽管早在1982年就已禁止,但有的国家仍在无情地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物。
例They had mercy on their neighbour for he suffered a lot.
他们对这个邻居表示怜悯,因为他遭受的苦难太多了。
例Our ship was at the mercy of the waves.
我们的船任凭海浪摆布。
·show (no) mercy to/have (no) mercy on对……(不)表示怜悯/宽恕/同情 at the mercy of...任由……摆布 without mercy残忍地;无情地 It’s a mercy that...幸运的是 ·be merciful to sb 对某人仁慈
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The enemy attacked 　　　　 mercy,leaving the village in ruins.
The employer should be 　　　　 (mercy) to employees facing unexpected family hardships.
We must show no mercy 　　　　 those who pollute our rivers.
(应用文写作之感谢信)I express my deepest gratitude to the anonymous donor who 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (表现出了异乎寻常的怜悯) during our family’s crisis.
(读后续写之情感描写)　　　　　　　　　　 (幸运的是) the man survived the fall,though still unconscious from the head injury.
【答案】 without　 merciful　 to　 showed such extraordinary mercy　 It’s a mercy that
In the face of the disaster,Amy showed great mercy to the victims,being extremely merciful,while some others remained utterly merciless,ignoring the suffering around them.
面对灾难,艾米对受灾者表现出了极大的怜悯,非常仁慈,而另一些人则完全冷酷无情,忽视了周围的苦难。
2.possession n.[usually pl.] 个人财产;拥有;控制
·possess vt.拥有;控制;支配
[教材原句] The sea is home to life,not human beings’ possessions.
海洋是生命的家园,而不是人类的私产。
例The company currently in Tom’s possession was once in the possession of his uncle.
汤姆现在拥有的公司曾经是他叔叔的。
例(读后续写情感描写)He was suddenly possessed by an overwhelming sense of fear as he realized the danger ahead.
当他意识到前方的危险时,突然被一种强烈的恐惧感所笼罩。
例(读后续写之主旨升华)Whenever your emotion is out of control,just keep in mind that only by possessing a good state of mind can you achieve success.
无论何时你情绪失控了,牢记一点:只有具有良好的心态你才能成功。
·get/take/gain/have possession of 拥有;占有 sb be in possession of sth(=be in sb’s possession)某人拥有/占有某物 sth be in the possession of sb某物为某人所拥有 ·be possessed of 具有(某种品质或特征) be possessed with/by被……控制
in possession of表示主动,其主语通常是人;in the possession of 表示被动,其主语通常是物。有无冠词时意义不同,类似短语还有:①in charge of,表示“负责……”;in the charge of,表示“由……负责”;②in control of,表示“控制……”;in the control of,表示 “被……控制”。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
My friend Henry is in 　　　　 (possess) of this promising company.
She is possessed 　　　　 a kind heart and always helps others.
As soon as he took possession 　　　　 a new car,he felt a surge of excitement and pride.
据说一个年轻人拥有这座大楼。
→It is said that a young man 　　　　　　　　 this building.(possess v.)
→It is said that a young man is 　　　　　　　　　　　 this building.(possession n.)
→It is said that this building is 　　　　　　　　　　　　 a young man.(possession n.)
【答案】 possession　 of　 of　 possesses;in possession of;in the possession of
The company possessed by him was once in the possession of his father.He is possessed of brilliant talent and often donates some of his possessions to the people in need.
他拥有的公司曾经为他的父亲所有。他具有出色的才能,经常将自己的一些财产捐赠给有需要的人。
3.arrest n.逮捕;拘留;中止 vt.逮捕;拘留;阻止;吸引(注意力)
·arresting adj.引人注意的;很有吸引力的
[教材原句] A $5 million reward has been announced for information leading to the arrest of those responsible for the murder.
一项500万美元的悬赏已经发布,以获得逮捕那些对这起谋杀事件负责的人的信息。
例(2025·浙江1月卷)They pursued and arrested the man.
他们追捕并逮捕了那名男子。
例(读后续写之动作描写)As she walked into the room,her radiant smile arrested everyone’s attention instantly.
当她走进房间时,她灿烂的笑容立刻吸引了所有人的注意。
·arrest sb for...因……而逮捕某人 arrest one’s attention 引起某人的注意 ·get arrested 遭逮捕 ·under arrest 被捕;在押
[语境运用] 一词多义/完成句子
The police arrested the suspect as he was trying to escape.　　　　　　
The painting arrested my attention with its vivid colours and unique style.　　　　　　
Efforts are being made to arrest the spread of misinformation online.　　　　　　
(读后续写之动作描写)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (突然的尖叫声引起了所有人的注意) in the crowded room.
【答案】 逮捕　 吸引(注意力等)　 阻止;抑制　 The sudden scream arrested everyone’s attention
现在分词作结果状语
[教材原句] Plastic pollution is also bad,killing many birds and fish,and has even been found in our tap water.
塑料污染也十分严重,导致许多鸟类和鱼类死亡,甚至在我们的自来水中也发现了塑料污染。
例The fire spread quickly through the building,causing everyone to evacuate immediately.
火势迅速蔓延到整栋建筑,导致所有人需立即撤离。
例She worked overtime every night this week to finish the report,only to find out that the deadline had been postponed.
这周她每晚加班来完成报告,结果却发现截止日期被推迟了。
·现在分词作结果状语,呈现出的结果与前面事实有直接的因果关系,往往表示一种自然而然的结果。 ·动词不定式作结果状语,呈现出的结果与前面事实没因果关系,往往表示出乎意料的结果。
[语境运用] 完成句子
(读后续写之场景描写)He rushed to the railway station,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (却发现火车已经开走了).
I dropped in on him today,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (却被告知他搬走了) three weeks ago.
(应用文写作之演讲稿)More highways have been built,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (使人们更加方便) to travel around China.
【答案】 only to find that the train had left　 only to be told that he had moved away　 making it more convenient for people
so that引导目的状语从句
[教材原句] We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action.
我们需要了解地球正在发生什么变化才能采取行动。
例The school has arranged more extracurricular activities so that students can develop their interests and talents.
学校安排了更多的课外活动,以便学生能培养自己的兴趣和才能。
例In order that the project might be completed on time,the team worked overtime for several weeks.
为了确保项目能够按时完成,该团队加班了数周。
·so that从句中常常使用情态动词can/could,may/might,will/would等。so that引导的目的状语从句不能放于句首,而in order that引导的目的状语从句既可放在句首,也可放在主句之后。 ·当so that或in order that引导的目的状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时,从句可变为so as to或in order to的动词不定式短语。
[语境运用] 一句多译
(读后续写之动作描写)他们加快了步伐,以便能在天黑前赶上团队的其他人。
→They quickened their pace 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the rest of the team before dark.(从句)
→They quickened their pace 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the rest of the team before dark.(不定式)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the rest of the team before dark,they quickened their pace.(不定式)
【答案】 so that/in order that they could catch up with;so as to/in order to catch up with;In order to catch up with
写作微专题3　An argumentative essay on sea exploration
1.文体类型:关于海洋探索的辩论性文章,属于议论文范畴,常用于针对某一观点或问题(一般为有争议的观点或问题)发表议论。
2.要点内容:(1)反对海洋探索的人的观点;(2)支持海洋探索的人的观点。
[思路指引]
1.议论文文体首段:引出讨论话题。
Recently...had a heated discussion about whether...or not.
People hold different opinions about...
2.议论文文体中段:对比双方观点及陈述理由。
(1)表达支持的常用句式。
Some are in favour of...(be for/approve of/agree with/support...)
There are many advantages of...
...play an important part in...
...is of vital significance for/to...
We benefit a lot from...
(2)表达反对的常用句式。
Others are against...(object to/be opposed to...)
Some hold the different views that...
There are also some disadvantages of...
3.议论文文体尾段:表明作者的看法及理由。
In my opinion/In my view/Personally,I think...
The reasons for that are as follows...
Taking everything into consideration,we should make good use of...
Only in this way can we...
　　假设你是李华,最近你班就“人类是否应该进行海洋探索”进行了讨论。请用英语给某英文报社的编辑写一封电子邮件对班级讨论情况进行简单描述,并针对此话题发表自己的看法。
赞成的理由 反对的理由 你的看法
1.获得更多的海洋资源; 2.提高对地球上生命的理解。 1.造成海洋污染,导致海洋生物死亡; 2.破坏生态系统。 ……
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　v.探索;考察;勘探
2.　　　　 vt.谋杀;凶杀;毁坏 n.谋杀;凶杀
3.　　　　 n.仁慈;宽恕;恩惠
4.　　　　 n.反对者;对手;竞争者
5.　　　　 adj.海的;海产的;海生的
【答案】 1.explore　2.murder　3.mercy　
4.opponent　5.marine
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.人们应该广泛探索海洋吗
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 extensively
2.昨天,我们班对此进行了激烈的讨论。
Our class 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 yesterday.
3.探索海洋可能会发现新的食物和能源资源,并加深我们对地球上生命的理解,一些人支持海洋探索。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 discover new sources of food and energy and improves our understanding of life on Earth,　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
4.海洋探索的反对者认为这可能会导致非常多的污染,甚至会破坏水下生态系统。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　 think that it may bring about 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 it can destroy the underwater ecosystem.
5.而且,如此多的海洋动物已被残忍地杀害,海洋物种的多样性正在遭受破坏。
Besides,so many marine animals 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and the diversity of sea species is being destroyed.
6.在我看来,保持环境风险和经济需求之间的平衡可以保证和谐的海洋探索。
Personally,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 can guarantee harmonious sea exploration.
【答案】 1.Should people explore the oceans
2.had a heated discussion about it
3.As sea exploration makes it possible to;some are in favour of it
4.Opponents of sea exploration;so much pollution that
5.have been murdered without mercy
6.balancing environmental risks with economic needs
1.用whether引导的宾语从句改写升级句1和句2。
2.用with复合结构改写升级句5。
【答案】 1.Yesterday,our class had a heated discussion about whether people should explore the oceans extensively or not.
2.Besides,with so many marine animals murdered without mercy,the diversity of sea species is being destroyed.
Dear Editor,
Yesterday,our class had a heated discussion about whether people should explore the oceans extensively or not.
As sea exploration makes it possible to discover new sources of food and energy and improves our understanding of life on Earth,some are in favour of it.Opponents of sea exploration think that it may bring about so much pollution that it can destroy the underwater ecosystem.Besides,with so many marine animals murdered without mercy,the diversity of sea species is being destroyed.
Personally,balancing environmental risks with economic needs can guarantee harmonious sea exploration.
Yours,
Li Hua
　　假设你是李华,最近你们班在英语课上组织了一场主题为“Deep-sea Fishing”的辩论会。请你根据下列结果写一篇英文报道。
观点 理由
40%赞成 1.丰富人们的食物来源; 2.增加渔民收入。
60%反对 1.污染海洋; 2.过度捕捞使物种减少,并破坏深海生态系统。
你的观点 ……
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
　　One possible version:
Recently,we had a debate on whether we should go deep-sea fishing.
Some students,accounting for 40%,hold the view that deep-sea fishing is beneficial,because fish is a good source of food,which can provide us with protein and other nutrients.Besides,it can increase fishermen’s income.However,others believe that it is necessary to stop deep-sea fishing.As is reported,deep-sea fishing has severely polluted the ocean.What’s more,overfishing has led to the decrease in the number of species and has destroyed the deep-sea ecosystem.
In my opinion,there should be seasonal limitation on deep-sea fishing so that we can have sustainable fish resources.
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写 微技能之“点” 情感描写 mercy n.仁慈;宽恕;恩惠　passion n.激情,热情;酷爱　concerned adj.担忧的
动作描写 negotiate vt.商定;达成(协议) vi.谈判;磋商;协商　withdraw vi.& vt.(使)撤回;撤离　bond vt.& vi.增强信任关系;使牢固结合　exploit vt.开发;利用;剥削　log vt.把……载入正式记录;记录　arrest vt.逮捕;拘留;阻止　applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞;赞赏　set sail起航;开航
人物描写 royal adj.高贵的　in a league of one’s own 独领风骚
读后续写 微技能之“线” To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.(情感描写) Opponents may be concerned,but sea exploration is important for our future.(情感描写) Here,merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals,which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.(动作描写) Between 1405 and 1433,seven large fleets sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration.(动作描写) Logging new species will improve our understanding of life on the earth.(动作描写)
读后续写 微技能之“面” 读后续写——校园科技竞赛 学校科技竞赛终于拉开帷幕,我们所有人都满怀激情,踏上了我们的征程去展示我们的技能。起初,担忧笼罩着我们,我们担心自己的创新想法可能会被他人利用。然而,我们的老师心怀仁慈,引导我们相互协商共享资源。这一高尚之举增进了我们所有人之间的联系。我们避开了一切分歧,忠实地记录下我们的进展。最终,所有人都鼓掌欢呼,因为获胜者确实是独树一帜的。 The school tech competition finally arrived,and all of us,filled with passion,1.　　　　　　　　 to show our skills.At the beginning,2.　　　　　　　　　,and we feared that our innovative ideas might 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.However,our teacher 4.　　　　　　　　 and guided us to 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to share resources.This noble act helped bond all of us.We withdrew from any disagreements and 6.　　　　　　　　 faithfully.In the end,everyone applauded,as the winners were truly 7.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 【答案】 1.set sail on our journey　2.concern possessed us　3.be exploited by others　4.showed mercy　5.negotiate with each other　6.logged our progress 7.in a league of their own
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.extend vt.扩展;使伸长;延长→extension n.扩大;延伸→extensive adj.广阔的;广泛的;大规模的
2.negotiate vt.商定;达成(协议) vi.谈判;磋商;协商→negotiation n.谈判;磋商;协商→negotiator n.谈判者
3.royal adj.皇家的;王室的;高贵的→royalty n.王室成员;版税→royally adv.庄严地,高贵地
4.withdraw vi.& vt.(使)撤回;撤离→withdrawal n.收回;撤回;退出;取款
5.politics n.政治;政治观点→political adj.政治(上)的→politically adv.政治上→politician n.政治家
6.profession n.职业;行业→professional adj.专业的;职业的 n.专业人员;专家→professionally adv.专业地;内行地→professor n.教授;(大学的)讲师
7.mixture n.混合;结合体;混合物→mix vt.& vi.(使)混合;调配→mixed adj.混合的
8.coverage n.新闻报道;覆盖范围→cover vt.覆盖;包括;报道
9.applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞;赞赏→applause n.鼓掌;掌声
10.migration n.迁移;迁徙;移居→migrate vt.迁徙;移居;迁移→migratory adj.迁移的;迁徙的
11.exploit vt.开发;利用;剥削→exploitation n.开发,开采;利用;剥削
12.mercy n.仁慈;宽恕;恩惠→merciful adj.仁慈的;慈悲的→merciless adj.残忍的,无情的
13.possession n.[usually pl.] 个人财产;拥有;控制→possess vt.拥有;控制;支配
14.arrest n.逮捕;拘留;中止 vt.逮捕;拘留;阻止→arresting adj.引人注意的;很有吸引力的
Ⅱ.重点词块
1.set sail　　　　　　　　　起航;开航
2.centre around 以……为中心
3.in a league of one’s own 独领风骚
4.under the command of 在……的指挥下
5.in return for 作为对……的回报/换
6.withdraw from 退出;撤回
7.for the benefit of 为……的利益
8.in hand 在手头;可供使用
9.be a passion for 对……充满激情
10.carry out research on 对……开展研究
11.tell...apart 区分……
12.without mercy 残忍地;无情地
13.vast amounts of 大量的
14.a wide range of 各种各样的
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.what引导名词性从句
In ancient times,silk from China found its way overland to India,the Middle East,and Rome,along what became known as the Silk Road(这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”).
句式仿写
(读后续写之心理描写)She was curious about what was inside the old envelope (那个旧信封里面是什么) found in the old house.
2.there is a need to do sth 结构
From a scientific point of view,there is an urgent need to study the Arctic (迫切需要研究北极) in order to understand climate change and its effects.
句式仿写
(应用文写作之建议信)There is a need to build a bridge over the river (有必要在河上建一座桥) so that the villagers can cross it more conveniently,especially during the rainy season.
3.with复合结构
Hundreds of years on,and with the latest technology in hand (由于拥有了最新技术),the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
句式仿写
(读后续写之场景描写)With the sun setting behind the mountains (随着太阳在山后落下),the sky turned into a beautiful canvas of orange and red.
4.现在分词作结果状语
(应用文写作之演讲稿)Plastic pollution is also bad,killing many birds and fish (导致许多鸟类和鱼类死亡),and has even been found in our tap water.
句式仿写
(读后续写之动作写)He accidentally dropped a lighted match onto a pile of old newspapers,causing the house to catch fire (导致房子起火) immediately.
5.so that引导目的状语从句
We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action (因此我们才能采取行动).
句式仿写
She wrote down all the details of the story so that she could remember them clearly (以便她能清楚地记住它们) when she started writing her own version.(共82张PPT)
Part 2
Using Language,Assessing Your Progress,Video Time
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. 　 adv.与此同时;(比较两方面)对比之下
2. n.反对者;对手;竞争者
3. vt.把……载入正式记录;记录
n.正式记录;日志;原木
写作词汇
meanwhile
opponent
log
1.directory　　 n.
2.gallon n.
3.murder vt.
n.
4.marine adj.
阅读词汇
名录;电话号码簿;(计算机文件或程序的)目录
加仑(容积单位,1英制加仑约等于4.5升)
谋杀;凶杀;毁坏
谋杀;凶杀
海的;海产的;海生的
拓展词汇
1. n.迁移;迁徙;移居→migrate vt.迁徙;移居;迁移→migratory adj.迁移的;迁徙的
2. vt.开发;利用;剥削→exploitation n.开发,开采;利用;剥削
3. n.仁慈;宽恕;恩惠→merciful adj.仁慈的;慈悲的→merciless adj.残忍的,无情的
4. n.[usually pl.] 个人财产;拥有;控制→possess vt.拥有;控制;支配
5. n.逮捕;拘留;中止 vt.逮捕;拘留;阻止→arresting adj.引人注意的;很有吸引力的
migration
exploit
mercy
possession
arrest
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.carry out research on　　
2.leap out of the water
3.tell...apart
4.without mercy
5.take action
6.vast amounts of
对……开展研究
跃出水面
区分……
残忍地;无情地
采取行动
大量的
7.as legend has it
8.as fast as lightning
9.a wide range of
10.put...into operation
如传说所言
快如闪电
各种各样的
(使)生效;(使)实行
重点句型
1.Plastic pollution is also bad, ,and has even been found in our tap water.(现在分词作结果状语)
塑料污染也十分严重,导致许多鸟类和鱼类死亡,甚至在我们的自来水中也发现了塑料污染。
2.We need to understand what is happening to our planet
.(so that引导目的状语从句)
我们需要了解地球正在发生什么变化才能采取行动。
killing many birds and fish
so that we can
take action
3.Hopefully, ,we may have more options for managing this balance.(as引导时间状语从句)
随着技术的进步,我们有望有更多的办法来维持这一平衡。
as technology improves
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与自然——海洋探索的利弊。
2.语篇类型:议论文。
3.课文内容分析:
文章针对“海洋探索的利弊”表达了针锋相对的观点。短文一的观点认为,海洋探索对海洋造成了很大的伤害,弊大于利;短文二的观点认为,海洋探索对人类的发展意义重大。阅读本文,有利于引导学生从了解人类探索海洋的历史出发,落实自身,思考人类与海洋的关系,形成正确的海洋观、价值观。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
pollution
Mining
Overfishing
take action
resources
economic needs
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.Why does the author of Text 1 say no to sea exploration
[A]Because exploring the sea more means exploiting it.
[B]Because it’s no use and a waste of money exploring the sea.
[C]Because it has caused lots of issues and will go on leading to more.
[D]Because the Deepwater Horizon spilled oil into the sea in 2010.
C
(　　)2.Why does the author mention the Deepwater Horizon
[A]To show it has more gallons of oil.
[B]To explain its influence on animals.
[C]To stress the bad effects of plastic.
[D]To prove it has caused serious pollution.
D
(　　)3.What’s the author’s opinion in Text 2
[A]Mining for resources is very damaging,especially in the Arctic.
[B]The sea is affected by the growth of population.
[C]Sea exploration has its own advantages and disadvantages.
[D]Sea exploration is of great significance for our future.
D
(　　)4.What’s the main idea of the passage
[A]The risks about sea exploration.
[B]The benefits about sea exploration.
[C]The necessities and risks about sea exploration.
[D]The balance between sea exploration and protection.
C
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.mercy n.仁慈;宽恕;恩惠
·merciful adj.仁慈的;慈悲的
·merciless adj.残忍的;无情的
[教材原句] Although this was banned in 1982,some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy.
尽管早在1982年就已禁止,但有的国家仍在无情地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物。
without mercy残忍地;无情地
例They had mercy on their neighbour for he suffered a lot.
他们对这个邻居表示怜悯,因为他遭受的苦难太多了。
例Our ship was at the mercy of the waves.
我们的船任凭海浪摆布。
show (no) mercy to/have (no) mercy on对……(不)表示怜悯/宽恕/同情
at the mercy of...任由……摆布
归纳拓展
·show (no) mercy to/have (no) mercy on对……(不)表示怜悯/宽恕/同情
at the mercy of...任由……摆布
without mercy残忍地;无情地
It’s a mercy that...幸运的是
·be merciful to sb 对某人仁慈
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The enemy attacked 　　　 　 mercy,leaving the village in ruins.
The employer should be 　　　　 (mercy) to employees facing unexpected family hardships.
We must show no mercy 　　　　 those who pollute our rivers.
without
merciful
to
(应用文写作之感谢信)I express my deepest gratitude to the anonymous donor who 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (表现出了异乎寻常的怜悯) during our family’s crisis.
(读后续写之情感描写)　　　　　　　 　 (幸运的是) the man survived the fall,though still unconscious from the head injury.
showed such extraordinary mercy
It’s a mercy that
In the face of the disaster,Amy showed great mercy to the victims,being extremely merciful,while some others remained utterly merciless,ignoring the suffering around them.
面对灾难,艾米对受灾者表现出了极大的怜悯,非常仁慈,而另一些人则完全冷酷无情,忽视了周围的苦难。
语
境
串
词
·possess vt.拥有;控制;支配
[教材原句] The sea is home to life,not human beings’ possessions.
海洋是生命的家园,而不是人类的私产。
2.possession n.[usually pl.] 个人财产;拥有;控制
例The company currently in Tom’s possession was once in the possession of his uncle.
汤姆现在拥有的公司曾经是他叔叔的。
sb be in possession of sth(=be in sb’s possession)某人拥有/占有某物
sth be in the possession of sb某物为某人所拥有
例(读后续写情感描写)He was suddenly possessed by an overwhelming sense of fear as he realized the danger ahead.
当他意识到前方的危险时,突然被一种强烈的恐惧感所笼罩。
be possessed with/by被……控制
例(读后续写之主旨升华)Whenever your emotion is out of control,just keep in mind that only by possessing a good state of mind can you achieve success.
无论何时你情绪失控了,牢记一点:只有具有良好的心态你才能成功。
归纳拓展
·get/take/gain/have possession of 拥有;占有
sb be in possession of sth(=be in sb’s possession)某人拥有/占有某物
sth be in the possession of sb某物为某人所拥有
·be possessed of 具有(某种品质或特征)
be possessed with/by被……控制
in possession of表示主动,其主语通常是人;in the possession of 表示被动,其主语通常是物。有无冠词时意义不同,类似短语还有:①in charge of,表示
“负责……”;in the charge of,表示“由……负责”;②in control of,表示“控制……”;in the control of,表示 “被……控制”。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
My friend Henry is in 　　　 　 (possess) of this promising company.
She is possessed 　　　　 a kind heart and always helps others.
As soon as he took possession 　　　　 a new car,he felt a surge of excitement and pride.
possession
of
of
据说一个年轻人拥有这座大楼。
→It is said that a young man 　　　　　　　　 this building.(possess v.)
→It is said that a young man is 　 　　　 　　 this building.
(possession n.)
→It is said that this building is 　　　　　　　　　　　　 a young man.
(possession n.)
possesses
in possession of
in the possession of
The company possessed by him was once in the possession of his father.He is possessed of brilliant talent and often donates some of his possessions to the people in need.
他拥有的公司曾经为他的父亲所有。他具有出色的才能,经常将自己的一些财产捐赠给有需要的人。
语
境
串
词
·arresting adj.引人注意的;很有吸引力的
[教材原句] A $5 million reward has been announced for information leading to the arrest of those responsible for the murder.
一项500万美元的悬赏已经发布,以获得逮捕那些对这起谋杀事件负责的人的信息。
3.arrest n.逮捕;拘留;中止 vt.逮捕;拘留;阻止;吸引(注意力)
例(2025·浙江1月卷)They pursued and arrested the man.
他们追捕并逮捕了那名男子。
例(读后续写之动作描写)As she walked into the room,her radiant smile arrested everyone’s attention instantly.
当她走进房间时,她灿烂的笑容立刻吸引了所有人的注意。
arrest one’s attention 引起某人的注意
归纳拓展
·arrest sb for...因……而逮捕某人
arrest one’s attention 引起某人的注意
·get arrested 遭逮捕
·under arrest 被捕;在押
[语境运用] 一词多义/完成句子
The police arrested the suspect as he was trying to escape.　　　　　　
The painting arrested my attention with its vivid colours and unique style.　　　　　 　
Efforts are being made to arrest the spread of misinformation online.
　　　　　　
(读后续写之动作描写)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(突然的尖叫声引起了所有人的注意) in the crowded room.
逮捕
吸引(注意力等)
阻止;抑制
The sudden scream arrested everyone’s attention
重点句式
现在分词作结果状语
▲
[教材原句] Plastic pollution is also bad,killing many birds and fish,and has even been found in our tap water.
塑料污染也十分严重,导致许多鸟类和鱼类死亡,甚至在我们的自来水中也发现了塑料污染。
例The fire spread quickly through the building,causing everyone to evacuate immediately.
火势迅速蔓延到整栋建筑,导致所有人需立即撤离。
例She worked overtime every night this week to finish the report,only to find out that the deadline had been postponed.
这周她每晚加班来完成报告,结果却发现截止日期被推迟了。
归纳拓展
·现在分词作结果状语,呈现出的结果与前面事实有直接的因果关系,往往表示一种自然而然的结果。
·动词不定式作结果状语,呈现出的结果与前面事实没因果关系,往往表示出乎意料的结果。
[语境运用] 完成句子
(读后续写之场景描写)He rushed to the railway station,
　　　　　　　　　　　 (却发现火车已经开走了).
I dropped in on him today,　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　(却被告知他搬走了) three weeks ago.
(应用文写作之演讲稿)More highways have been built,
　　　　　　　　　　 (使人们更加方便) to travel around China.
only to find
that the train had left
only to be told that he had moved away　
making it more
convenient for people
so that引导目的状语从句
▲
[教材原句] We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action.
我们需要了解地球正在发生什么变化才能采取行动。
例The school has arranged more extracurricular activities so that students can develop their interests and talents.
学校安排了更多的课外活动,以便学生能培养自己的兴趣和才能。
例In order that the project might be completed on time,the team worked overtime for several weeks.
为了确保项目能够按时完成,该团队加班了数周。
归纳拓展
·so that从句中常常使用情态动词can/could,may/might,will/
would等。so that引导的目的状语从句不能放于句首,而in order that引导的目的状语从句既可放在句首,也可放在主句之后。
·当so that或in order that引导的目的状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时,从句可变为so as to或in order to的动词不定式短语。
[语境运用] 一句多译
(读后续写之动作描写)他们加快了步伐,以便能在天黑前赶上团队的其他人。
→They quickened their pace
the rest of the team before dark.(从句)
→They quickened their pace 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the rest of the team before dark.(不定式)
→　　　　　　　　　　　 the rest of the team before dark,they quickened their pace.(不定式)
so that/in order that they could catch up with
so as to/in order to catch up with
In order to catch up with
写作微专题3
An argumentative essay on sea exploration
文本解读
1.文体类型:关于海洋探索的辩论性文章,属于议论文范畴,常用于针对某一观点或问题(一般为有争议的观点或问题)发表议论。
2.要点内容:(1)反对海洋探索的人的观点;(2)支持海洋探索的人的观点。
[思路指引]
实用表达
1.议论文文体首段:引出讨论话题。
Recently...had a heated discussion about whether...or not.
People hold different opinions about...
2.议论文文体中段:对比双方观点及陈述理由。
(1)表达支持的常用句式。
Some are in favour of...(be for/approve of/agree with/support...)
There are many advantages of...
...play an important part in...
...is of vital significance for/to...
We benefit a lot from...
(2)表达反对的常用句式。
Others are against...(object to/be opposed to...)
Some hold the different views that...
There are also some disadvantages of...
3.议论文文体尾段:表明作者的看法及理由。
In my opinion/In my view/Personally,I think...
The reasons for that are as follows...
Taking everything into consideration,we should make good use of...
Only in this way can we...
佳作建构
　　假设你是李华,最近你班就“人类是否应该进行海洋探索”进行了讨论。请用英语给某英文报社的编辑写一封电子邮件对班级讨论情况进行简单描述,并针对此话题发表自己的看法。
赞成的理由 反对的理由 你的看法
1.获得更多的海洋资源; 2.提高对地球上生命的理解。 1.造成海洋污染,导致海洋生物死亡; 2.破坏生态系统。 ……
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　 v.探索;考察;勘探
2.　　　　 vt.谋杀;凶杀;毁坏 n.谋杀;凶杀
3.　　　　 n.仁慈;宽恕;恩惠
4.　　　 　 n.反对者;对手;竞争者
5.　　　　 adj.海的;海产的;海生的
explore
murder
mercy
opponent
marine
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.人们应该广泛探索海洋吗
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 extensively
2.昨天,我们班对此进行了激烈的讨论。
Our class 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 yesterday.
Should people explore the oceans
had a heated discussion about it
3.探索海洋可能会发现新的食物和能源资源,并加深我们对地球上生命的理解,一些人支持海洋探索。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 discover new sources of food and energy and improves our understanding of life on Earth,
　　　　　.
4.海洋探索的反对者认为这可能会导致非常多的污染,甚至会破坏水下生态系统。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　 think that it may bring about
　　　　 　 it can destroy the underwater ecosystem.
As sea exploration makes it possible to
some are in favour
of it
Opponents of sea exploration
so much
pollution that
5.而且,如此多的海洋动物已被残忍地杀害,海洋物种的多样性正在遭受破坏。
Besides,so many marine animals 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and the diversity of sea species is being destroyed.
6.在我看来,保持环境风险和经济需求之间的平衡可以保证和谐的海洋探索。
Personally,　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 can guarantee harmonious sea exploration.
have been murdered without mercy
balancing environmental risks with economic needs
亮点提升
1.用whether引导的宾语从句改写升级句1和句2。
Yesterday,our class had a heated discussion about whether people should explore the oceans extensively or not.
2.用with复合结构改写升级句5。
Besides,with so many marine animals murdered without mercy,the diversity of sea species is being destroyed.
范文展示
Dear Editor,
Yesterday,our class had a heated discussion about whether people should explore the oceans extensively or not.
As sea exploration makes it possible to discover new sources of food and energy and improves our understanding of life on Earth,some are in favour of it.Opponents of sea exploration think that it may bring about so much pollution that it can destroy the underwater ecosystem.Besides,with so many marine animals murdered without mercy,the diversity of sea species is being destroyed.
Personally,balancing environmental risks with economic needs can guarantee harmonious sea exploration.
Yours,
Li Hua
写作练习
　　假设你是李华,最近你们班在英语课上组织了一场主题为“Deep-sea Fishing”的辩论会。请你根据下列结果写一篇英文报道。
观点 理由
40%赞成 1.丰富人们的食物来源;
2.增加渔民收入。
60%反对 1.污染海洋;
2.过度捕捞使物种减少,并破坏深海生态系统。
你的观点 ……
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
写作指导
One possible version:
Recently,we had a debate on whether we should go deep-sea fishing.
Some students,accounting for 40%,hold the view that deep-sea fishing is beneficial,because fish is a good source of food,which can provide us with protein and other nutrients.Besides,it can increase fishermen’s income. However,others believe that it is necessary to stop deep-sea fishing.As is reported,deep-sea fishing has severely polluted the ocean.What’s more, overfishing has led to the decrease in the number of species and has destroyed the deep-sea ecosystem.
In my opinion,there should be seasonal limitation on deep-sea fishing so that we can have sustainable fish resources.
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写 微技能 之“点” 情感描写 mercy n.仁慈;宽恕;恩惠　passion n.激情,热情;酷爱　concerned adj.担忧的
动作描写 negotiate vt.商定;达成(协议) vi.谈判;磋商;协商　withdraw vi.& vt.(使)撤回;撤离　bond vt.& vi.增强信任关系;使牢固结合　exploit vt.开发;利用;剥削　log vt.把……载入正式记录;记录　arrest vt.逮捕;拘留;阻止　applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞;赞赏　set sail起航;开航
人物描写 royal adj.高贵的　in a league of one’s own 独领风骚
读后续写 微技能之“线” To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.(情感描写)
Opponents may be concerned,but sea exploration is important for our future.(情感描写)
Here,merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals,which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.(动作描写)
Between 1405 and 1433,seven large fleets sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration.(动作描写)
Logging new species will improve our understanding of life on the earth.(动作描写)
读后续写 微技能之 “面” 读后续写——校园科技竞赛
学校科技竞赛终于拉开帷幕,我们所有人都满怀激情,踏上了我们的征程去展示我们的技能。起初,担忧笼罩着我们,我们担心自己的创新想法可能会被他人利用。然而,我们的老师心怀仁慈,引导我们相互协商共享资源。这一高尚之举增进了我们所有人之间的联系。我们避开了一切分歧,忠实地记录下我们的进展。最终,所有人都鼓掌欢呼,因为获胜者确实是独树一帜的。
The school tech competition finally arrived,and all of us,filled with passion,1.　　　　 　　　 to show our skills.At the beginning,2.　　　　　　　　　 ,and we feared that our innovative ideas might 3.　　　　　　　　 　.However,our teacher 4.　　　　 　 and guided us to 5.
　　　 to share resources.This noble act helped bond all of us.We withdrew from any disagreements and 6.　　　　　
faithfully.In the end,everyone applauded,as the winners were truly
7.　　　　　　　　　　 　.
set sail on our journey
concern possessed us
be exploited by others
showed mercy
negotiate with each
logged our progress
in a league of their own
other
重点知识回顾
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.extend vt.扩展;使伸长;延长→ n.扩大;延伸→ adj.广阔的;广泛的;大规模的
2.negotiate vt.商定;达成(协议) vi.谈判;磋商;协商→ n.谈判;磋商;协商→ n.谈判者
3.royal adj.皇家的;王室的;高贵的→ n.王室成员;版税→ adv.庄严地,高贵地
4.withdraw vi.& vt.(使)撤回;撤离→ n.收回;撤回;退出;取款
extension
extensive
negotiation
negotiator
royalty
royally
withdrawal
5.politics n.政治;政治观点→ adj.政治(上)的→ adv.政治上→ n.政治家
6.profession n.职业;行业→ adj.专业的;职业的 n.专业人员;专家→ adv.专业地;内行地→ n.教授;(大学的)讲师
7.mixture n.混合;结合体;混合物→ vt.& vi.(使)混合;调配→
adj.混合的
political
politically
politician
professional
professionally
professor
mix
mixed
8.coverage n.新闻报道;覆盖范围→ vt.覆盖;包括;报道
9.applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞;赞赏→ n.鼓掌;掌声
10.migration n.迁移;迁徙;移居→ vt.迁徙;移居;迁移→
adj.迁移的;迁徙的
11.exploit vt.开发;利用;剥削→ n.开发,开采;利用;剥削
cover
applause
migrate
migratory
exploitation
12.mercy n.仁慈;宽恕;恩惠→ adj.仁慈的;慈悲的→
adj.残忍的,无情的
13.possession n.[usually pl.] 个人财产;拥有;控制→ vt.拥有;控制;支配
14.arrest n.逮捕;拘留;中止 vt.逮捕;拘留;阻止→ adj.引人注意的;很有吸引力的
merciful
merciless
possess
arresting
Ⅱ.重点词块
1. 　　　　　　　　　起航;开航
2. 以……为中心
3. 独领风骚
4. 在……的指挥下
5. 作为对……的回报/交换
6. 退出;撤回
set sail
centre around
in a league of one’s own
under the command of
in return for
withdraw from
7. 为……的利益
8. 在手头;可供使用
9. 对……充满激情
10. 对……开展研究
11. 区分……
12. 残忍地;无情地
13. 大量的
14. 各种各样的
for the benefit of
in hand
be a passion for
carry out research on
tell...apart
without mercy
vast amounts of
a wide range of
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.what引导名词性从句
In ancient times,silk from China found its way overland to India,the Middle East,and Rome,along (这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”).
句式仿写
(读后续写之心理描写)She was curious about
(那个旧信封里面是什么) found in the old house.
what became known as the Silk Road
what was inside the old
envelope
2.there is a need to do sth 结构
From a scientific point of view,
(迫切需要研究北极) in order to understand climate change and its effects.
句式仿写
(应用文写作之建议信) (有必要在河上建一座桥) so that the villagers can cross it more conveniently,
especially during the rainy season.
there is an urgent need to study the Arctic
There is a need to build a bridge over the river
3.with复合结构
Hundreds of years on,and (由于拥有了最新技术),the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
句式仿写
(读后续写之场景描写) (随着太阳在山后落下),the sky turned into a beautiful canvas of orange and red.
with the latest technology in hand
With the sun setting behind the mountains
4.现在分词作结果状语
(应用文写作之演讲稿)Plastic pollution is also bad,
(导致许多鸟类和鱼类死亡),and has even been found in our tap water.
句式仿写
(读后续写之动作写)He accidentally dropped a lighted match onto a pile of old newspapers, (导致房子起火) immediately.
killing many birds and
fish
causing the house to catch fire
5.so that引导目的状语从句
We need to understand what is happening to our planet
(因此我们才能采取行动).
句式仿写
She wrote down all the details of the story
(以便她能清楚地记住它们) when she started writing her own version.
so that we can
take action
so that she could remember
them clearlyUNIT 3　课时作业(一)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.The deadline for the project has been 　　　　 (延长) by a week.
2.The football 　　　　 (联赛) in this area attracts a large number of talented players.
3.The 　　　　 (王室的) family held a grand celebration for the prince’s birthday.
4.He 　　　　 (提取) all his money from the bank due to concerns about its stability.
5.The shared experience of travelling abroad created a strong 　　　　 (关系) among the group of friends.
6.There are many different 　　　　 (职业) in the modern society, such as doctors, teachers and engineers.
7.The cake is a delicious 　　　　 (混合物) of flour, sugar, eggs and butter.
8.This new software has a wide 　　　　 (覆盖范围) of functions to help users work more efficiently.
9.The audience 　　　　 (鼓掌) loudly after the wonderful performance.
10.Scientists are researching the mysterious creatures living 　　　　 (在水下).
【答案】 1.extended　2.league　3.royal　4.withdrew　5.bond　6.professions　7.mixture　8.coverage　9.applauded　10.underwater
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.The company requested an 　　　　 (extend) of the project deadline due to unexpected difficulties.
2.After long and difficult 　　　　 (negotiate), they finally reached an agreement.
3.The guests were 　　　　 (royal) entertained at the palace, with great feasts and wonderful performances.
4.His sudden 　　　　 (withdraw) from the performance surprised the audience.
5.As a 　　　　 (profession) photographer, she has a keen eye for capturing the perfect moment.
6.The artist created a unique painting by using a special 　　　　 (mix) of colours and textures.
7.This new magazine 　　　　 (coverage) a wide range of topics, from fashion to science.
8.The speaker received thunderous 　　　　 (applaud) from the audience after his inspiring speech.
9.As a pianist, she is truly 　　　　 a league of her own.
10.The troops advanced steadily 　　　　 the command of their experienced general.
【答案】 1.extension　2.negotiations　3.royally4.withdrawal　5.professional　6.mixture
7.covers　8.applause　9.in　10.under
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.我们必须在为时已晚之前弄清楚我们能做些什么来改善当前的状况。(what引导名词性从句)
2.我们都认为她作为一名舞蹈家在那个时候独领风骚。(in a league of one’s own)
3.随着环境问题日益严重,有必要提高人们的环保意识。(there is a need to do sth)
4.问题解决了,我们都感到如释重负,可以专注于其他任务了。(with复合结构)
5.我们手头有很多工作,所以我们需要加班才能按时完成。(in hand)
【答案】 1.We must figure out what we can do to improve the current situation before it’s too late.
2.We all hold the view that she, as a dancer at that time, was in a league of her own.
3.With the increasing environmental problems, there is a need to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection.
4.With the problem solved, we all felt a great sense of relief and could focus on other tasks.
5.We have a lot of work in hand, so we need to work overtime to finish it on time.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Inspired by Marco Polo, who travelled to China along the ancient Silk Road more than 700 years ago, Italian traveller Vienna set off from the explorer’s hometown Venice.As the first woman to attempt retracing the route, Vienna hopes to build a bridge of friendship among people from different countries through her efforts.
Vienna’s fascination with China began over two decades ago when a Chinese student stayed in her home, sparkling her interest in the country’s rich cultural heritage.Moreover, she has been a fan of Italian traveller Marco Polo since childhood and the description of the ancient Silk Road in the book, The Travels of Marco Polo, particularly impressed her.In 2018, the thought of following the footsteps of Marco Polo inspired her to map out a journey covering 22,000 kilometres from Venice to Beijing, passing through 15 countries in three to four years.At first, her children thought it was unrealistic to complete such a long journey in her seventies.However, as they observed the detailed planning, they fully supported her.
With a simple backpack and two hiking poles, she has covered over 20,000 kilometres and passed through dozens of countries.“The journey is more than just a personal challenge,” Vienna said in a recent interview.“It is a mission to witness firsthand the impact of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and to share the experiences with the world,” she added.“I have seen the bridges, highways, and railways built under the BRI, which connect countries in a way that echoes the Silk Road’s historic role in facilitating trade and cultural exchange.”
Describing herself as an ambassador of cultural exchange and modern-day Marco Polo, Vienna noted that “I want people to know about Marco Polo and the Silk Road, but I also want to send a message to women of my age—it’s never too late to pursue your dreams.”
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了受马可·波罗的激励,意大利人Vienna从威尼斯出发重走古代丝绸之路的故事。
(　　)1.Why did Vienna undertake the journey
[A]To set the longest hiking record.
[B]To do history research on China.
[C]To advocate environment protection.
[D]To promote cross-cultural communication.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“As the first woman to attempt retracing the route, Vienna hopes to build a bridge of friendship among people from different countries through her efforts.”以及最后一段中“Describing herself as an ambassador of cultural exchange ... ”可知,Vienna进行这次旅行是希望帮助不同国家的人建立友谊的桥梁,促进跨文化交流。故选D。
(　　)2.What motivated Vienna to plan a journey from Venice to Beijing
[A]Her lifelong fascination with China.
[B]Her children’s enthusiasm for travel.
[C]A Chinese student’s constant support.
[D]The idea of retracing the ancient Silk Road.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句及第二段中“In 2018, the thought of following the footsteps of Marco Polo inspired her to map out a journey covering 22,000 kilometres from Venice to Beijing, passing through 15 countries in three to four years.”可知,Vienna之所以计划从威尼斯到北京的旅行,是因为想要重走古代丝绸之路。故选D。
(　　)3.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
[A]The influence of BRI.
[B]Her unusual encounters.
[C]Her detailed preparations.
[D]The distance of the journey.
【答案】 A
【解析】 段落大意题。在第三段中Vienna表示她看到在“一带一路”倡议下修建的桥梁、公路和铁路,以一种与丝绸之路在促进贸易和文化交流方面的历史作用相呼应的方式连接各国。由此可见,第三段主要围绕“一带一路”倡议的影响展开。故选A。
(　　)4.Why did Vienna say that in the last paragraph
[A]To inspire the old.
[B]To praise Marco Polo.
[C]To highlight her status.
[D]To popularize her journey.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段中in her seventies可知,Vienna已经七十多岁了;根据最后一段中Vienna所说的话可知,Vienna鼓励与自己同龄的女性要敢于追求梦想。由此可知,她说的话是为了激励老年人。故选A。(共22张PPT)
UNIT 3　课时作业(一)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.The deadline for the project has been 　 　　 　 (延长) by a week.
2.The football 　　　 　 (联赛) in this area attracts a large number of talented players.
3.The 　　　　 (王室的) family held a grand celebration for the prince’s birthday.
4.He 　　　 　 (提取) all his money from the bank due to concerns about its stability.
extended
league
royal
withdrew
5.The shared experience of travelling abroad created a strong 　 　 (关系) among the group of friends.
6.There are many different 　　 　　 (职业) in the modern society, such as doctors, teachers and engineers.
7.The cake is a delicious 　　　　 (混合物) of flour, sugar, eggs and butter.
bond
professions
mixture
8.This new software has a wide 　　 　　 (覆盖范围) of functions to help users work more efficiently.
9.The audience 　　　 　 (鼓掌) loudly after the wonderful performance.
10.Scientists are researching the mysterious creatures living 　　 　　 (在水下).
coverage
applauded
underwater
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.The company requested an 　　　 　 (extend) of the project deadline due to unexpected difficulties.
2.After long and difficult 　　　 　 (negotiate), they finally reached an agreement.
3.The guests were 　　　 　 (royal) entertained at the palace, with great feasts and wonderful performances.
extension
negotiations
royally
4.His sudden 　　　 　 (withdraw) from the performance surprised the audience.
5.As a 　　　 　 (profession) photographer, she has a keen eye for capturing the perfect moment.
6.The artist created a unique painting by using a special 　　　　 (mix) of colours and textures.
7.This new magazine 　　　 　 (coverage) a wide range of topics, from fashion to science.
withdrawal
professional
mixture
covers
8.The speaker received thunderous 　 　　　 (applaud) from the audience after his inspiring speech.
9.As a pianist, she is truly 　　　　 a league of her own.
10.The troops advanced steadily 　　 　　 the command of their experienced general.
applause
in
under
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.我们必须在为时已晚之前弄清楚我们能做些什么来改善当前的状况。(what引导名词性从句)
We must figure out what we can do to improve the current situation before it’s too late.
2.我们都认为她作为一名舞蹈家在那个时候独领风骚。(in a league of one’s own)
We all hold the view that she, as a dancer at that time, was in a league of her own.
3.随着环境问题日益严重,有必要提高人们的环保意识。(there is a need to do sth)
With the increasing environmental problems, there is a need to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection.
4.问题解决了,我们都感到如释重负,可以专注于其他任务了。(with复合结构)
With the problem solved, we all felt a great sense of relief and could focus on other tasks.
5.我们手头有很多工作,所以我们需要加班才能按时完成。(in hand)
We have a lot of work in hand, so we need to work overtime to finish it on time.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Inspired by Marco Polo, who travelled to China along the ancient Silk Road more than 700 years ago, Italian traveller Vienna set off from the explorer’s hometown Venice.As the first woman to attempt retracing the route, Vienna hopes to build a bridge of friendship among people from different countries through her efforts.
Vienna’s fascination with China began over two decades ago when a Chinese student stayed in her home, sparkling her interest in the country’s rich cultural heritage.Moreover, she has been a fan of Italian traveller Marco Polo since childhood and the description of the ancient Silk Road in the book, The Travels of Marco Polo, particularly impressed her.In 2018, the thought of following the footsteps of Marco Polo inspired her to map out a journey covering 22,000 kilometres from Venice to Beijing, passing through 15 countries in three to four years.At first, her children thought it was unrealistic to complete such a long journey in her seventies.However, as they observed the detailed planning, they fully supported her.
With a simple backpack and two hiking poles, she has covered over 20,000 kilometres and passed through dozens of countries.“The journey is more than just a personal challenge,” Vienna said in a recent interview.“It is a mission to witness firsthand the impact of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and to share the experiences with the world,” she added.“I have seen the bridges, highways, and railways built under the BRI, which connect countries in a way that echoes the Silk Road’s historic role in facilitating trade and cultural exchange.”
Describing herself as an ambassador of cultural exchange and modern-day Marco Polo, Vienna noted that “I want people to know about Marco Polo and the Silk Road, but I also want to send a message to women of my age—it’s never too late to pursue your dreams.”
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了受马可·波罗的激励,意大利人Vienna从威尼斯出发重走古代丝绸之路的故事。
(　　)1.Why did Vienna undertake the journey
[A]To set the longest hiking record.
[B]To do history research on China.
[C]To advocate environment protection.
[D]To promote cross-cultural communication.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“As the first woman to attempt retracing the route, Vienna hopes to build a bridge of friendship among people from different countries through her efforts.”以及最后一段中“Describing herself as an ambassador of cultural exchange ... ”可知,Vienna进行这次旅行是希望帮助不同国家的人建立友谊的桥梁,促进跨文化交流。故选D。
(　　)2.What motivated Vienna to plan a journey from Venice to Beijing
[A]Her lifelong fascination with China.
[B]Her children’s enthusiasm for travel.
[C]A Chinese student’s constant support.
[D]The idea of retracing the ancient Silk Road.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句及第二段中“In 2018, the thought of following the footsteps of Marco Polo inspired her to map out a journey covering 22,000 kilometres from Venice to Beijing, passing through 15 countries in three to four years.”可知,Vienna之所以计划从威尼斯到北京的旅行,是因为想要重走古代丝绸之路。故选D。
(　　)3.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
[A]The influence of BRI.
[B]Her unusual encounters.
[C]Her detailed preparations.
[D]The distance of the journey.
A
【解析】 段落大意题。在第三段中Vienna表示她看到在“一带一路”倡议下修建的桥梁、公路和铁路,以一种与丝绸之路在促进贸易和文化交流方面的历史作用相呼应的方式连接各国。由此可见,第三段主要围绕“一带一路”倡议的影响展开。故选A。
(　　)4.Why did Vienna say that in the last paragraph
[A]To inspire the old.
[B]To praise Marco Polo.
[C]To highlight her status.
[D]To popularize her journey.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段中in her seventies可知,Vienna已经七十多岁了;根据最后一段中Vienna所说的话可知,Vienna鼓励与自己同龄的女性要敢于追求梦想。由此可知,她说的话是为了激励老年人。故选A。(共117张PPT)
UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION
[头脑风暴·思维发散]
　　The brave sailors set sail on a challenging journey.They had to negotiate with local tribes to secure safe passage.Their goal was to extend their trade routes and exploit new resources.Meanwhile,they observed disciplines and obeyed laws,so they wouldn’t be arrested for illegal activities.They carried a mixture of goods.When they finally achieved success,the crew withdrew safely,and people back home applauded their achievements.
勇敢的水手们扬帆起航,踏上了一段充满挑战的旅程。他们必须与当地部落进行谈判,以确保安全通行。他们的目标是拓展贸易路线,开发新资源。与此同时,他们遵纪守法,因此他们不会因非法活动而被捕。他们携带了各种各样的货物。当他们最终取得成功时,船员们安全撤离,家乡的人们为他们的成就鼓掌喝彩。
Reading and Thinking,Learning About Language
Part 1
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
写作词汇
1. 　　　 n.故事;叙述
2. n.等级;水平;联合会;联赛
3. n.纽带;关系
vt.& vi.增强信任关系;使牢固结合
4. vt.对……征税;使纳税
n.税;税款
tale
league
bond
tax
5. adj.有人控制的;需人操纵的
6. adv.在水下
adj.水下的
manned
underwater
1.merchant　　　　 n.
adj.
2.fleet n.
3.behold vt.(beheld,beheld)
4.spice n.
5.channel n.
阅读词汇
商人;批发商
海上货运的
舰队;机群;车队
看;看见
(调味)香料
航道;海峡;频道
6.maritime adj.
7.tournament n.
8.laptop n.
9.submersible n.
10.capsule n.
11.coral n.
海的;海运的;海事的
锦标赛;联赛
笔记本电脑;便携式电脑
潜水器;可潜船
胶囊;太空舱
珊瑚
1. vt.扩展;使伸长;延长→extension n.扩大;延伸→extensive adj.广阔的;广泛的;大规模的
2. vt.商定;达成(协议) vi.谈判;磋商;协商→negotiation n.谈判;磋商;协商→negotiator n.谈判者
3. adj.皇家的;王室的;高贵的→royalty n.王室成员;版税→royally adv.庄严地,高贵地
4. vi.& vt.(使)撤回;撤离→withdrawal n.收回;撤回;退出;取款
拓展词汇
extend
negotiate
royal
withdraw
5. n.政治;政治观点→political adj.政治(上)的→politically adv.政治上→politician n.政治家
6. n.职业;行业→professional adj.专业的;职业的 n.专业人员;专家→professionally adv.专业地;内行地→professor n.教授;(大学的)讲师
7. n.混合;结合体;混合物→mix vt.& vi.(使)混合;调配→mixed adj.混合的
8. n.新闻报道;覆盖范围→cover vt.覆盖;包括;报道
9. vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞;赞赏→applause n.鼓掌;掌声
politics
profession
mixture
coverage
applaud
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.form the foundation of　　　
2.set sail
3.centre around
4.in a league of one’s own
5.under the command of
6.in return for
7.withdraw from
构成……的基础
起航;开航
以……为中心
独领风骚
在……的指挥下
作为对……的回报/交换
退出;撤回
8.in years to come
9.for the benefit of
10.from a scientific point of view
11.in hand
12.be a passion for
在未来几年
为……的利益
从科学的角度来看
在手头;可供使用
对……充满激情
1.In ancient times,silk from China found its way overland to India,the Middle East,and Rome, .(what引导名词性从句)
在古代,中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马,这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。
重点句型
along what became known as the Silk Road
2.From a scientific point of view,
in order to understand climate change and its effects.(there is a need to do sth结构)
从科学角度看,迫切需要研究北极,以了解气候变化及其影响。
there is an urgent need to study the Arctic
3.Hundreds of years on,and ,the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.(with复合结构)
数百年过去了,由于拥有了最新技术,在贸易的必要性和增进关系的愿望的驱动下,中国将跨海越洋,迈向未来。
with the latest technology in hand
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与自然——了解海洋探索。
2.语篇类型:说明文。
3.课文内容分析:
本文主要介绍了中国从古至今的海洋探索历程。阅读本文,有利于引导学生思考海洋探索对国家乃至整个世界的影响,体会“一带一路”,特别是“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的深远意义。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
Trade and curiosity
ancient times
Ming Dynasty
being revisited
important projects　
the future
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.Why did the early explorers search for sea routes
[A]Because they wanted to find the sea routes from east to west.
[B]Because they wanted to discover the mysteries of the sea.
[C]Because they were inspired by Marco Polo’s tales.
[D]Because they were driven by curiosity and the need to trade.
D
(　　)2.How did ancient China trade with other countries
[A]By overland trading.
[B]By using the Silk Road and sea routes.
[C]By inviting foreign merchants to China.
[D]By negotiating with explorers of other countries.
B
(　　)3.Where did China explore with other countries in recent years
[A]The Red Sea. [B]The Arctic.
[C]The South China Sea. [D]The east coast of Africa.
(　　)4.What’s the aim of the Belt and Road Initiative
[A]To transform the historic Silk Road.
[B]To create a worldwide trading atmosphere.
[C]To search for new trading partners.
[D]To encourage international trade and cooperation.
B
D
二次开发·深研课文
▲
Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation of mankind’s
greatest 1.　　 　　 (achieve).In ancient times,silk from China found its way along 2.　　　　 became known as the Silk Road.A trading route across the sea 3.　　　 　 (extend) along the coasts of the Indian Ocean,
4.　　　　 (centre) around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).Here,merchants from China and many other places met 5.　　 　　 (negotiate) trade deals.
achievements
what
was extended
centred
to negotiate
Between 1405 and 1433,seven large fleets,6.　　　　 the command of Zheng He,sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration.To reach out across the sea 7.　　　　 (remain) a strong desire today.The Belt and Road Initiative has been proposed,8.　　 　　 (encourage) cooperation and trade and strengthening the bonds between China and the rest of the world.Trading has grown 9.　　　　 (great) in recent years,and will continue to do so in years to come.With the latest technology in hand,the need to trade and
10.　　 desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
under
remains
encouraging
greatly
the
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.extend vt.扩展;使伸长;延长;提供
·extension n.扩大;延伸
·extensive adj.广阔的;广泛的;大规模的
[教材原句] A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean,centred around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).
以锡兰(今斯里兰卡)为中心的一条横跨海洋的贸易路线沿印度洋海岸延伸。
例We are pleased to extend our warmest welcome to all participants.
我们很高兴向所有参与者致以最热烈的欢迎。
例(应用文写作之申请信)I would like to request an extension of the submission deadline due to unavoidable circumstances.
由于不可避免的情况,我想请求延长提交截止日期。
extend sb sth=extend sth to sb 向某人表示/发出……
例(读后续写之动作描写)Sarah extended out her hand,offering a warm smile that bridged the gap between them.
莎拉伸出手,露出一个温暖的微笑,弥合了他们之间的隔阂。
extend out伸出
归纳拓展
extend (from)...to...(从……)延伸到……
extend sb sth=extend sth to sb 向某人表示/发出……
extend sth by使某物/事延长/延伸……
extend out伸出
[语境运用 句子语法填空/翻译句子
This library has an 　　　　 (extend) collection of books covering various subjects.
The school decided to provide an opportunity for new students to take an
　　 　(extend) course,helping them better adapt to school life.
(应用文写作之演讲稿)我们应该向每一个帮助过我们的人表达感激之情。
extensive
extension
We should extend our gratitude to everyone who has helped us.
语
境
串
词
To accommodate the extensive research required for the project,the team decided to extend their laboratory and requested a one-month extension from the deadline.
为了满足项目所需的大量研究,该团队决定扩建实验室,并要求在截止日期后延长一个月。
2.negotiate vt.商定;达成(协议) vi.谈判;磋商;协商
·negotiation n.谈判;磋商;协商
·negotiator n.谈判者
[教材原句] Here,merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals,which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.
在这里,来自中国和其他许多地方的商人汇聚一堂,洽谈贸易协议,这也增进了对彼此文化的认识。
例The president of the student union negotiated with the teachers about the details of holding a campus culture festival.
学生会主席与老师们就举办校园文化节的细节进行了商讨。
negotiate with sb about/on/over sth 就某事与某人商议/谈判
例The details of the contract are still under negotiation.
合约的细节仍在协商中。
例(应用文写作之告知信)I would like to schedule a meeting to negotiate the contract details with your team.
我想安排一次会议,与您的团队协商合同细节。
negotiate sth with sb与某人商议某事
归纳拓展
·negotiate with sb about/on/over sth 就某事与某人商议/谈判
negotiate sth with sb与某人商议某事
·under negotiation 在商谈中
in negotiation with 和……协商中
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
This terms are currently 　　　 　 negotiation,and we expect a final agreement by Friday.
I’ll negotiate 　　　　 their coach on the date of the match.
As a skilled 　 　　　(negotiate),she played a crucial role in resolving the dispute between them.
Maria 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　(与她的丈夫就使用家用汽车进行了协商),emphasizing her urgent need for it.
under
with
negotiator
negotiated with her husband about using the family car
语
境
串
词
As an experienced negotiator,John was asked to negotiate the terms of the agreement,and his efforts led to a successful negotiation that satisfied both parties.
作为一名经验丰富的谈判者,约翰被要求就协议的条款进行谈判,他的努力促成了一个令双方都满意的谈判结果。
3.withdraw vi.& vt.(使)撤回;撤离;使退出;提取;收回
·withdrawal n.收回;撤回;退出;取款
[教材原句] Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433,these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.
尽管1433年后中国停止了进一步的探索,但在随后的几个世纪,这些陆地和海洋路线仍是(中国)与其他文化交流的活跃通道。
例His sudden withdrawal from the game surprised everyone.
他突然退出比赛让所有人都很惊讶。
例(应用文写作之通知)The school has decided to withdraw all students from participating in the sports meet due to safety concerns.
出于安全考虑,学校已决定让所有学生退出运动会。
withdraw sb/sth from把/使……从……中撤出/取出
例She withdrew from the party early,feeling a bit uncomfortable.
她因感觉有点不舒服,很早就从聚会上离开了。
withdraw from从……撤出,撤回
归纳拓展
withdraw from从……撤出,撤回
withdraw sb/sth from把/使……从……中撤出/取出
withdraw to退入;撤退到
withdraw本身已经包含了“……回”之意,故不能再和back连用,有类似用法的动词还有return、repay等。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 一词多义/完成句子
A.从某处撤出/退出　B.取款　C.撤销(提议、声明等)　D.使(自己)脱离社交
He went to the bank to withdraw some money for his trip.　　
After realizing the mistake,they quickly withdrew their previous statement.　　
Since the loss of her friend,she has begun to withdraw herself from social gatherings.　　
She decided to withdraw from the competition due to an injury.　　
B
C
D
A
(应用文写作之致歉信)We regret to inform you that we must
　　　　　　　　　(退出比赛) due to unforeseen circumstances.
(应用文写作之通知)In case of emergency,please follow the staff instructions and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(撤离至最近的安全区域).
withdraw
withdraw to the nearest safe area
from the contest
4.in hand 在手头;可供使用
[教材原句] Hundreds of years on,and with the latest technology in hand,the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
数百年过去了,由于拥有了最新技术,在贸易的必要性和增进关系的愿望的驱动下,中国将跨海越洋,迈向未来。
例Before going to class,make sure you have all your learning materials in hand.
上课之前,确保你手头有所有的学习资料。
例When preparing for a class presentation,it’s helpful to have your slides and notes at hand.
在为课堂演示做准备时,有你的幻灯片和笔记近在手边是很有帮助的。
at hand近在手边;在近处(随时可用);即将发生
归纳拓展
at hand近在手边;在近处(随时可用);即将发生
at first hand第一手;亲自
by hand手工
hand in hand手挽手;密切关联
give/lend sb a hand帮助某人
out of hand失去控制
on hand在场;可用
[语境运用] 语段填空
在村庄里,当一场猛烈的暴风雨即将来临时,准备工作变得异常紧张。艾米丽的家人确保所有物资都在手边。看到约翰先生正在费力应对修缮工作,艾米丽伸出了援手,帮助他修理屋顶。与此同时,志愿者们在场待命,以维持秩序并防止情况失控。所有人携手合作,展现了非凡的团结。
In the village,as a fierce storm was coming,preparations were intense.Emily’s family ensured all supplies were 　　 　　.Seeing Mr John struggling with repair work,Emily 　　　　　　 　,helping fix his roof.Meanwhile,
volunteers were 　　　　　 to maintain order and prevent things from getting 　　　　　 　.All people worked 　　　　　　　　,showing remarkable unity.
at hand
gave him a hand
on hand
out of hand
hand in hand
5.applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞;赞赏
·applause n.鼓掌;掌声
例We applaud the organizers for their hard work in making this event a success.
我们对组织者为使此次活动取得成功所付出的努力表示赞赏。
applaud sb for sth 因某事而为某人鼓掌;因某事而称赞某人
例As soon as she finished singing,the room burst into applause,filling her with joy and pride.
她一唱完歌,房间里立刻爆发出掌声,让她满怀喜悦和自豪。
burst into applause 爆发出掌声
例(读后续写之主旨升华)Let us not forget to applaud every small victory along the way,as each step forward is a testament to our collective effort.
让我们不要忘记为一路上的每一个小胜利鼓掌,因为前进的每一步都是对我们共同努力的证明。
applaud sth 赞赏/称赞某事;为某事鼓掌
归纳拓展
·applaud sb for sth 因某事而为某人鼓掌;因某事而称赞某人
applaud sth 赞赏/称赞某事;为某事鼓掌
·give applause 给予掌声
a round of applause 一阵掌声
burst into applause 爆发出掌声
在英语中,以-d结尾的动词变名词时,把-d改为-se的动词还有offend(冒犯)
→offense;respond(回应)→response等。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 一句多译
(读后续写之动作描写)当表演者们最后谢幕时,观众报以雷鸣般的掌声。
→The audience 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 as they took their final bow.(applaud)
→The audience 　　　　　　 　 　　　　 as they took their final bow.(applause)
→As the performers took their final bow,the audience responded 　　　
　　　　　　　　　 .(with)
applauded the performers thunderously
burst into thunderous applause for the performers
with
thunderous applause
重点句式
what引导的名词性从句
▲
[教材原句] In ancient times,silk from China found its way overland to India,the Middle East,and Rome,along what became known as the Silk Road.
在古代,中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马,这条路就是有名的
“丝绸之路”。
例She opened the box,curious to see what was hidden inside.
她打开盒子,好奇地想看看里面藏着什么。
例(读后续写之主旨升华)They eventually came to the realization that what mattered most was not just getting across the river safely,but also the lessons they learned during the process.
他们最终意识到,最重要的不仅仅是安全过河,还有在这个过程中所学到的经验。
归纳拓展
·what在名词性从句中可作主语、宾语或表语,译为“……的东西/事情”。该从句在结构上相当于“the+名词+定语从句”。
·what引导名词性从句时,在具体语境中表示一定的具体意义。that引导名词性从句时,在从句中不作任何成分,没有实际意义,只起连接作用。
[语境运用] 完成句子/一句多译
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (她在房子里看到的东西) filled her with a mix of excitement and fear.
The little boy hid behind the door,peeking out,wondering 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(父母为他的生日策划了什么).
What she saw in the house
what his
parents were planning for his birthday
(读后续写之动作描写)她盯着那张旧照片,努力回忆那个难忘的夏天发生了什么。
→She stared at the old photo,trying to recall 　　　　　　　　　　during that unforgettable summer.(名词性从句)
→She stared at the old photo,trying to recall 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 during that unforgettable summer.(定语从句)
what had happened
the things that had happened
there is a need to do sth 结构,意为“有必要做某事”
▲
[教材原句] From a scientific point of view,there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.
从科学角度看,迫切需要研究北极,以了解气候变化及其影响。
例You have prepared for this exam so there is no need to be worried.
你已经为考试做好了准备,因此完全没必要担心。
例(应用文写作之演讲稿)There is a need for students to develop good study habits to achieve better academic results.
对学生来说,养成良好的学习习惯以取得更好的学习成绩是很有必要的。
归纳拓展
in need在危难中,在危急中
in need of需要
there is no need for...……是没有必要的
there is no need for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事没有必要
常见的there be句式结构如下所示。
there is no point/sense (in) doing sth做某事没有意义
there is no use/good (in) doing sth做某事没有用处/好处
there is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
there is no denying that...不可否认……
温馨提示
[语境运用] 完成句子
　　　　　　　　　 　　 (不可否认) protecting the environment is of great importance.
　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (有必要和你的小组成员清晰地沟通)to finish the project on time.
(应用文写作之建议信)　　　　　　　　　　　　 (毫无疑问) regular participation in sports activities has a positive impact on physical health and academic performance.
There is no denying that
There is a need to communicate clearly with your group members
There is no doubt that
长难句分析
[教材原句] The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative.
尝试分析:本句是一个主从复合句。句中 为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰名词短语The ancient sea routes; 为which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road,which在从句中作主语。
自主翻译:随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出,郑和航行过的古代航道如今再度受到关注。
[语境运用] 情境写作
(应用文写作之报道)我们昨天参加了李教授关于海洋资源保护的讲座,这提升了我们的环境保护意识。
We attended the lecture on marine resources protection delivered by Professor
Li yesterday,which raised our awareness of environmental protection.
语法微专题3
动词不定式
语法原句再现
To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.
Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east.
The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas,and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.
Trading has grown greatly in recent years,and will continue to do so in years to come.
From a scientific point of view,there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.
　　观察以上句子,判断动词不定式在各个句子中所作的成分。
语法知识点拨
　　动词不定式的基本构成是“to+动词原形”(其否定形式是“not to+动词原形”)。动词不定式仍保留着动词的部分特性,可以带宾语和状语构成不定式短语,有时态和语态的变化。动词不定式(短语)具有名词、形容词或副词的某些句法功能,在句中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等成分。
一、动词不定式的时态和语态
时态 主动语态 被动语态 意义
一般时 to do to be done 与谓语动作同时或在其后发生
进行时 to be doing — 在谓语动作发生时,不定式的动作正在进行
完成时 to have done to have been done 在谓语动作之前发生
完成进 行时 to have been doing — 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前并且一直在进行
I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.
我打算参加明天举行的会议。(hold发生在plan之后,且meeting与hold之间为被动关系)
They are said to be studying psychology.
据说,他们正在研究心理学。(study与say同时发生,且正在进行)
I’m very sorry to have kept you sitting around doing nothing.
让你一直无所事事地坐着,我很抱歉。(keep发生在be sorry之前)
She is known to have been dealing with the problems for many years.
大家知道,她处理这类难题已经有很多年了。
(deal with发生在know之前,且动作一直在进行)
[语境运用] 翻译句子
她似乎正在考虑买一辆新车。
She seems to be considering buying a new car.
受邀来玛丽的生日聚会是极大的荣幸。
It’s a great honour to be invited to Mary’s birthday party.
二、动词不定式的句法功能
1.动词不定式作主语
　　动词不定式具有名词的作用,在句中作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。动词不定式作主语的句子,常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语,即动词不定式移到句子的后面。
To balance study and play is critical but challenging for many teenagers.
对许多青少年来说,平衡好学习和玩耍是至关重要的,但也是富于挑战性的。
It’s necessary and important to know some basic rules of sea voyages.
了解一些海上航行的基本规则是必要且重要的。
在“It is +adj.+of/for sb to do sth” 句型中,当形容词表达事物的特征时,用for sb;当形容词表达人的特征或品质时,用of sb。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
It is important for us students 　　　　 (work) out on a regular basis.
　　　　　　　　 (climb) up the mountain is easy,while to go down is hard.
to work
To climb
2.动词不定式作表语
当句子的主语是aim、idea、plan、policy、task、dream、purpose、duty、job等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时,后面可以用不定式作表语,用来说明主语所包含的内容。(当主语部分有实义动词do的某种形式时,不定式的to可以省略。)
His purpose is to arouse people’s awareness of protecting various marine resources on Earth.
他的目的是唤起人们保护地球上各种海洋资源的意识。
The important thing in life is to have a great goal and the determination to achieve it.
人生重要的事情就是,确立一个伟大的目标并决心实现这个目标。
What we need to do now is (to) find a way to solve this problem.
我们现在需要做的是找到一个解决这个问题的方法。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
Whether we will succeed or not remains 　　　　　　　　　　(see).
My desired goal is 　　　　　 (get) into my preferred university.
to be seen
to get
3.动词不定式作宾语
常用不定式作宾语的动词 三个希望两答应:hope、wish、want、agree、promise
两个要求莫拒绝:demand、ask、refuse
设法学会做决定:manage、learn、decide
不要假装在选择:pretend、choose
打算提出两计划:intend、offer、plan、mean
申请失败负担得起:apply、fail、afford
准备愿望又碰巧:prepare、desire、happen
“动词+it+adj./n.+动词不定式”结构 it 为形式宾语,不定式为真正的宾语。常用于该结构的动词有feel、find、think、believe、consider、make等
介词的宾语 不定式一般不作介词的宾语,只有少数介词如but、except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to,如果句子里的谓语动词是实义动词do、does时,通常省略to。
The vast sea never fails to earn curiosity and amazement from people.
浩瀚的大海总能引起人们的好奇和惊叹。
They feel it worthwhile to have such a great trip.
他们觉得拥有这样一次极好的旅行是值得的。
We have no choice but to wait.
我们除了等别无选择。
既可跟动词-ing形式又可跟动词不定式作宾语的动词(短语):
①意义有很大区别的动词(短语):
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
After countless interviews,I managed 　　　　　 (stand) out among the candidates.
The new monitor promised 　　　 (do) the best she could for us all.
I remembered 　　　　　 (lock) the door before I left the office,but I forgot to turn off the lights.
to stand
to do
locking
4.动词不定式作定语
(1)当中心词为序数词、形容词最高级、the last、the only等或中心词被这类词修饰时,常用动词不定式作定语。
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
他总是第一个来,最后一个走。
(2)抽象名词time、way、reason、opportunity、chance、ability、promise、attempt等后常用动词不定式作定语。
He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow.
他许诺明天按时来这儿。
(3)something、nothing、anything等不定代词后常用动词不定式作定语。
Do you have anything to say
你有什么要说的吗
(4)动词不定式作定语可表示将来的、还没发生的动作。
There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.
在我们准备好长时间停留在月球上之前,还有许多问题要解决。
在there be句式结构中,当由讲话人去执行不定式的动作,表示义务、责任或必要性时,动词不定式多用主动形式;由别人去执行动作,表示可能性时,多用被动形式。
There are still many things to take care of.
还有许多事需要我们处理。(讲话人处理)
There are still many things to be taken care of.
还有许多事需要处理。(别人处理)
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
We are invited to a party 　　　　　　　　 (hold) in our club next Friday.
All the teachers 　　　　　 (attend) the opening ceremony tomorrow should wear the uniforms.
You should have the ability 　　　　　 (solve) complicated problems.
to be held
to attend
to solve
5.动词不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语时,常位于句首或句中,形式上可用in order to do、so as to do、to do等,但so as to do不能置于句首。
I get up early so as to/in order to/to catch the early bus in the morning.
我早晨早起是为了赶早班车。
In order to pass the exam,he worked hard.
为了通过考试,他努力学习。
(2)作结果状语时,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语,常用结构有enough to、“so/such...to”、“too...to”、only to等。
He is clever enough to work out the difficult math problem.
他足够聪明,所以能计算出那道很难的数学题。
I’m too tired to stay up any longer.
我太累了,不能再熬夜了。
不定式作结果状语时,通常表示出乎意料的结果;而现在分词作结果状语时,通常表示自然而然的结果。
We hurried to the station,only to be told that the train had left.
我们匆匆赶到车站,结果被告知火车已经开走了。
Football is played all over the world,making it one of the most popular sports.
世界各地都有人在踢足球,这使足球成了最受欢迎的运动之一。
温馨提示
(3)作原因状语时,常与表示情感的形容词连用,如sorry、disappointed、frightened、surprised、excited、glad、happy、delighted、pleased等。
I’m delighted to hear that you are keen on traditional Chinese culture.
听说你喜欢中国传统文化,我很高兴。
动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语的形容词,如easy、hard、difficult、pleasant、good、fit、comfortable等后面作状语,构成“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构,不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
This book is difficult to understand.
这本书很难理解。
The chair is very comfortable to sit on.
这椅子坐上去很舒服。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
Yesterday I went to see her,only 　　　　　　 (tell) that she had gone abroad a week before.
　　　　　 　 (improve) her spoken English,she seized every possible opportunity to practise it.
to be told
To improve
6.动词不定式作宾语补足语
(1)ask、tell、invite、get、advise、allow、want、permit、warn、order、encourage、prefer、expect、force、wish、beg等表示命令、教导、要求、意向、允许、警告等意义的动词后常接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.
她要求我在她不在的时候接电话。
My teacher encouraged me to study hard.
我的老师鼓励我努力学习。
Her parents don’t allow her to go out at night.
她的父母不允许她晚上出去。
(2)believe、consider、declare、find、prove、suppose、think等表示意见、认可、判断、料想、声明等意义的动词后的宾语补足语常是“to be”形式。
She’s proved herself to be a very reliable worker.
她证明了自己是一名可靠的员工。
I believe him to be honest.
我相信他是诚实的。
(3)在feel(一感)、hear/listen to(二听)、make/let/have(三让)、see/watch/
notice/observe(四看)等使役动词和感官动词(短语)后,动词不定式作宾语补足语时常省略to。这些词在变为被动语态时,to不能省略,此时不定式作主语补足语。
I often hear him sing the song.
我经常听见他唱这首歌。
He is often heard to sing the song.
经常听见他唱这首歌。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
My English teacher asked me 　　　　　　　　 (give) a presentation to the class.
I wanted you 　　　　　　　　 (sign) up for some after-class activities.
to give
to sign
真题体验
1.(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)“The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope
　　　 　 (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.”
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,设空处应用非谓语动词,
hope to do sth意为“希望做某事”,所以设空处应用动词不定式作宾语。故填to present。
to present
2.(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Growing up,my family and our neighbours never used clotheslines to dry clothing,denying me the chance 　　 　 　 (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine—the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,设空处应用非谓语动词,the chance to do sth为固定搭配,意为“做某事的机会”,所以设空处应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to discover。
to discover
3.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)　　　　　 　　　 (improve) the quality of observational data,biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故填To improve。
To improve
4.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)If you want to be published,it’s vital
(submit) a perfect,professionally presented manuscript (原稿).
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句中it为形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语。故填to submit。
to submit
5.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)However,if I need 　　　　　　　　 (check) the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage,there’s nothing better.
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处是动词不定式作宾语。故填to check。
to check
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.The question is very difficult 　　　　　　　　 (answer).
2.The goal of this activity is 　 　　　 (meet) the needs of common people.
3.Don’t try to hide anything from your mother.She appears
(tell) everything.
4.The airport 　　　　　　　　 (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
语法专项训练
to answer
to meet
to have been told
to be completed
[变式训练] The airport 　　　　　　　 (complete) last year helps promote tourism in this area a lot.
5.The first debate was supposed 　　　　　　 　　 (hold) last Tuesday.
6.Jack was in low spirits those days and his friends did all they could
　　　　　 　 (cheer) him up.
7.Martin showed no anxiety about the competition.He seemed
　　　　 (prepare) for it pretty well.
8.　　　　　　 　　 (admit) to a university in the UK,international students must display strong abilities in spoken and written English.
completed
to have been held
to cheer
to have
prepared
To be admitted
Ⅱ.语段填空
　　1.　　　　(live) a meaningful life is what everyone desires.My dream is 2.　　　　　　 (become) a renowned writer.Thus,I have made a plan
3.　　　　　　 (attend) writing classes regularly.I am always eager
4.　　　　 (find) a quiet corner to focus on my creation.I often see my teacher sitting at the desk,5.　　　　　　　　(read) books carefully.She always encourages me 6.　　　　　　　　(express) my true feelings in my works.I have many ideas 7.　　　　　 (share) with the world through my stories.
To live
to become
to attend
to find
reading
to express
to share
8.　　　　 (make) my dream come true,I keep 9.　　　　 (practice) writing every day.Listening to different people’s stories helps me gain inspiration.I believe that with my determination 10.　　　　 　(succeed) and continuous efforts,I will achieve my goal one day.
To make
practicing
to succeedUNIT 3　课时作业(四)
单元知识综合练
(分值:50.5分)
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共8题;每题1分,共8分)
1.exploit
A.剥削;压榨　B.利用;发挥　C.开采;开拓
①No minerals have yet been exploited in Antarctica.　　
②She fully exploits the humour of her role in the play.　　
③A law was passed to stop employers from exploiting employees.　　
2.写出下列句中黑体词的词性及含义
①The engineers channeled the water into the irrigation system.　　　　　　　
②They are trying to find a way to arrest the spread of the disease.　　　　　　　
③They extended a warm welcome to the visitors.　　　　　　　
④Make sure the security post is manned at all times.　　　　　　　
⑤She withdrew from the party early because she didn’t feel well.　　　　　　　
【答案】 1.①C　②B　③A
2.①vt.引导;输送　②vt.阻止;抑制　③vt.提供;给予　④adj.有人值守的;有人工作的　⑤vi.离开
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
　　Oceans are an appealing target for renewable energy production.Waves produce 32,000 terawatt-hours of natural energy per year—for reference,the entire world uses around 23,000 terawatt-hours every year.
The advantages of wave power are clear.1.　　　 Turbines (涡轮机) produce electricity through the power of waves,making it a completely pollution-free,renewable energy source.And the amount of kinetic energy in a wave is so huge that energy is used to produce electricity.There is also a lot of potential because many countries have access to an ocean that can help power their electric systems.Also,waves are hardly interrupted and almost always in movement.2.　　　
But the disadvantages of wave energy are serious too.Building factories or electrical wires directly on the beach might prove challenging.3.　　　 Local fishing zones could be affected or the factories could lead to more coastal erosion (腐蚀).High cost is a problem too.Wave power is a rising energy technology in the early stages of development,so calculating the costs is difficult. 4.　　　 Because constant movement can lead to more breaking,wave energy factories will most likely need regular and costly maintenance.
5.　　　 For many ocean-bordering countries,wave energy will be a great addition to the renewable energy mix.The bottom line is that wave power has enormous global potential.However, the industry needs more funding and research to finalise the technology involved so that countries can begin adding wave energy to their renewable energy source.
A.Wave energy still needs to be explored.
B.They are not affordable to many countries.
C.Despite the challenges,there is a future of wave energy.
D.Wave energy does not give off greenhouse gases when produced.
E.They can cause damage to sea life and the surrounding ecosystems.
F.Maintenance for the factories in moving saltwater is very expensive.
G.This makes electricity from wave energy a more reliable energy source.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了波浪发电的优势、缺点以及发展前景。
1.【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文“The advantages of wave power are clear.”可知,设空处承接上文,具体说明波浪能的环保优势:不会释放温室气体。D项符合语境,故选D。
2.【答案】 G
【解析】 上文提到波浪几乎不会中断,总是在运动。设空处为本段最后一句,应承接上文说明其结果:这使得波浪能发电成为更可靠的能源。G项符合语境,故选G。
3.【答案】 E
【解析】 上文提到直接在海滩上建造工厂或搭建电线可能富于挑战,设空处承接上文,具体说明建造工厂或搭建电线会对海洋生物和周围的生态系统造成的损害。E项符合语境,故选E。
4.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据上下文可知,设空处主要说明工厂的维护成本十分昂贵这一问题。F项符合语境,故选F。
5.【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文可知,波浪能在全球范围内具有巨大的潜力,尽管利用波浪能发电存在挑战,但在未来仍具有发展的可能性。C项符合语境,故选C。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
　　A man was walking along a beach, 　1　 on his life.He had always wanted to make a difference, but no matter what he tried, he 　2　 feeling as though he was 　3　.
　4　, the man heard a loud “crunch (嘎吱作响)”, and looked down at his 　5　.Right where he was standing, there were a lot of tiny starfish 　6　 up onto the shore by the ocean waves and tide.The man continued walking, thinking to himself about the apparent 　7　 of the ocean.After all, those starfish hadn’t done anything 　8　! Yet before the day was gone, they would be dead.
After a time, the man 　9　 an old woman standing at the ocean’s 　10　, throwing the starfish back into the sea.When he asked her what she was doing, she said she had always wanted to make a difference, and she had 　11　 that today was a good day to begin.The man looked at her and said, “For every starfish you throw back into the ocean, three more wash up onto the shore! How can you 　12　 be making a difference ”
The woman looked thoughtful for a 　13　 and then she picked up another starfish and 　14　 it back into the sea.“Made a(n) 　15　 to that one,” she said, and she smiled the most beautiful smile the man had ever seen.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个人生不如意的人在沙滩上散步看到一个老人把被海水冲到海岸上的海星扔回到海里的故事,感悟到如何才能有所作为。
(　　)1.[A]reflecting [B]turning
[C]working [D]keeping
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文的“He had always wanted to make a difference, but no matter what he tried”可知,他总想有所作为,却怎么努力都……,由此可知,此处指的是他在反思自己的人生。故选A。
(　　)2.[A]relied on [B]ended up
[C]brought up [D]controlled over
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文的“He had always wanted to make a difference”并结合but可知,他总想有所作为,但无论怎么努力,他最终(ended up)都觉得好像……。故选B。
(　　)3.[A]in charge [B]in vain
[C]in particular [D]in turn
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文的“He had always wanted to make a difference”可知,他总想有所作为,结合but可知,说明他的人生不如意,所以此处指的是最终觉得好像白费力气。故选B。
(　　)4.[A]Historically [B]Gradually
[C]Casually [D]Suddenly
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文的“the man heard a loud ‘crunch (嘎吱作响)’, and looked down at”可知,这个人听到“嘎吱”声,接着低头向下看,说明事情发生的突然。故选D。
(　　)5.[A]legs [B]feet
[C]knees [D]arms
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文的“the man heard a loud ‘crunch (嘎吱作响)’, and looked down at”以及下文的“Right where he was standing”可知,此处指的是他低下头看向自己的脚。故选B。
(　　)6.[A]selected [B]fished
[C]weighed [D]washed
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据生活常识和下文的“For every starfish you throw back into the ocean, three more wash up onto the shore!”可知,这些小海星应该是被海浪和潮汐冲到海岸上的。故选D。
(　　)7.[A]care [B]apology
[C]cruelty [D]safety
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文的“After all, those starfish...would be dead.”可知,海星被海浪和潮汐冲到海岸上让他觉得海洋残酷。故选C。
(　　)8.[A]hopeless [B]desperate
[C]wrong [D]weak
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据语境和上文的“The man continued walking, thinking to himself about the apparent 　7　 of the ocean.”及后一句可知,这人觉得海星被冲到海岸上说明海洋的残酷,由此可推断,他认为海星们没有做错什么。故选C。
(　　)9.[A]encountered [B]recommended
[C]accompanied [D]invited
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文的“When he asked her what she was doing, she said she had always wanted to make a difference”可知,他问老人在做什么,由此可知,此时出现的老妇人应该是那人偶然碰见,所以此处使用“遇见”符合语境。故选A。
(　　)10.[A]edge [B]center
[C]top [D]direction
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据生活常识和下文的“throwing the starfish back into the sea”可知,老人把海星扔回到海里,由此可知,此时老人应该是站在海边。故选A。
(　　)11.[A]helped [B]remembered
[C]decided [D]communicated
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文的“When he asked her what she was doing, she said she had always wanted to make a difference”可知,老人一直想有所作为,结合语境和下文的“that today was a good day to begin”可知,老人就在今天把海星扔到海里,所以此处指的是她决定今天是开始的好日子。故选C。
(　　)12.[A]certainly [B]possibly
[C]hardly [D]simply
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文的“For every starfish you throw back into the ocean, three more wash up onto the shore!”可知,那人认为每把一只海星扔回海里,就会有三只海星被冲上海岸,由此可知,此处指的是他认为这样怎么可能有所作为呢。故选B。
(　　)13.[A]day [B]month
[C]moment [D]week
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据生活常识,结合上文的“How can you 　12　 be making a difference ”可知,面对那人的疑虑,老人应该是思考片刻,接下来又捡起了冲到海岸上的海星。故选C。
(　　)14.[A]painted [B]searched
[C]tracked [D]threw
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文的“For every starfish you throw back into the ocean, three more wash up onto the shore!”可知,此处指的是将捡起的另一只海星扔回到海里。故选D。
(　　)15.[A]difference [B]promise
[C]interest [D]impression
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文的“How can you 　12　 be making a difference ”可知,面对那人的疑虑,老人应该是告诉那人,对那一只被捡起来扔回海里的有影响就够了,make a difference意为“有影响”。故选A。
Ⅳ.应用文写作(15分)
　　每年的六月八日为世界海洋日(World Oceans Day)。假设你是李华,暑期你所在的城市将举办世界海洋大会,作为中学生代表,你将在大会上做“Protecting Our Blue Planet”的主题演讲。请你撰写一篇演讲稿,内容包括:
1.海洋的重要性;
2.保护海洋的倡议。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
[写作指导]
　　One possible version:
Good morning, dear guests! I am Li Hua, a high school student, and I feel honoured to speak here on World Oceans Day, which falls on 8 June each year.
The ocean, our blue planet’s lifeblood, is crucial.It provides large amounts of oxygen we breathe,influences the climate and hosts diverse species.Moreover, it serves as a vast food source. However, our ocean is in trouble due to pollution and overfishing.Thus, we must take action.First, reduce plastic use and properly dispose of waste to stop pollution.Second, support sustainable fishing and avoid overfishing.Finally, raise awareness among friends and family.
Let’s protect the ocean together.Only in this way can we ensure a better future for ourselves and generations to come.Thank you!(共38张PPT)
UNIT 3　课时作业(四)
①No minerals have yet been exploited in Antarctica.　　
②She fully exploits the humour of her role in the play.　　
③A law was passed to stop employers from exploiting employees.　　
(分值:50.5 分)
单元知识综合练
C
A.剥削;压榨　B.利用;发挥　C.开采;开拓
B
A
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共8题;每题1分,共8分)
1.exploit
2.写出下列句中黑体词的词性及含义
①The engineers channeled the water into the irrigation system.
　　　　 　　　
②They are trying to find a way to arrest the spread of the disease.　　　　　　　
③They extended a warm welcome to the visitors.　　　　　　　
vt.引导;输送
vt.阻止;抑制
vt.提供;给予
④Make sure the security post is manned at all times.
　　　　　　 　
⑤She withdrew from the party early because she didn’t feel well.
　　　　　　　
adj.有人值守的;有人工作的
vi.离开
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
　　Oceans are an appealing target for renewable energy production.
Waves produce 32,000 terawatt-hours of natural energy per year—for reference,the entire world uses around 23,000 terawatt-hours every year.
The advantages of wave power are clear.1.　　　 Turbines (涡轮机) produce electricity through the power of waves,making it a completely pollution-free,renewable energy source.And the amount of kinetic energy in a wave is so huge that energy is used to produce electricity.There is also a lot of potential because many countries have access to an ocean that can help power their electric systems.Also,waves are hardly interrupted and almost always in movement.2.　　　
D
G
But the disadvantages of wave energy are serious too.Building factories or electrical wires directly on the beach might prove challenging.3.
Local fishing zones could be affected or the factories could lead to more coastal erosion (腐蚀).High cost is a problem too.Wave power is a rising energy technology in the early stages of development,so calculating the costs is difficult.4.　　 　 Because constant movement can lead to more breaking,wave energy factories will most likely need regular and costly maintenance.
E
F
5.　　　 For many ocean-bordering countries,wave energy will be a great addition to the renewable energy mix.The bottom line is that wave power has enormous global potential.However,the industry needs more funding and research to finalise the technology involved so that countries can begin adding wave energy to their renewable energy source.
C
A.Wave energy still needs to be explored.
B.They are not affordable to many countries.
C.Despite the challenges,there is a future of wave energy.
D.Wave energy does not give off greenhouse gases when produced.
E.They can cause damage to sea life and the surrounding ecosystems.
F.Maintenance for the factories in moving saltwater is very expensive.
G.This makes electricity from wave energy a more reliable energy source.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了波浪发电的优势、缺点以及发展前景。
1.【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文“The advantages of wave power are clear.”可知,设空处承接上文,具体说明波浪能的环保优势:不会释放温室气体。D项符合语境,故选D。
2.【答案】 G
【解析】 上文提到波浪几乎不会中断,总是在运动。设空处为本段最后一句,应承接上文说明其结果:这使得波浪能发电成为更可靠的能源。G项符合语境,故选G。
3.【答案】 E
【解析】 上文提到直接在海滩上建造工厂或搭建电线可能富于挑战,设空处承接上文,具体说明建造工厂或搭建电线会对海洋生物和周围的生态系统造成的损害。E项符合语境,故选E。
4.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据上下文可知,设空处主要说明工厂的维护成本十分昂贵这一问题。F项符合语境,故选F。
5.【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文可知,波浪能在全球范围内具有巨大的潜力,尽管利用波浪能发电存在挑战,但在未来仍具有发展的可能性。C项符合语境,故选C。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
　　A man was walking along a beach, 　1　 on his life.He had always wanted to make a difference, but no matter what he tried, he 　2　 feeling as though he was 　3　.
　4　, the man heard a loud “crunch (嘎吱作响)”, and looked down at his 　5　.Right where he was standing, there were a lot of tiny starfish 　6　 up onto the shore by the ocean waves and tide.The man continued walking, thinking to himself about the apparent 　7　 of the ocean.After all, those starfish hadn’t done anything 　8　! Yet before the day was gone, they would be dead.
After a time, the man 　9　 an old woman standing at the ocean’s
　10　, throwing the starfish back into the sea.When he asked her what she was doing, she said she had always wanted to make a difference, and she had 　11　 that today was a good day to begin.The man looked at her and said, “For every starfish you throw back into the ocean, three more wash up onto the shore! How can you 　12　 be making a difference ”
The woman looked thoughtful for a 　13　 and then she picked up another starfish and 　14　 it back into the sea.“Made a(n) 　15　 to that one,” she said, and she smiled the most beautiful smile the man had ever seen.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个人生不如意的人在沙滩上散步看到一个老人把被海水冲到海岸上的海星扔回到海里的故事,感悟到如何才能有所作为。
(　　)1.
A
【解析】 根据下文的“He had always wanted to make a difference, but no matter what he tried”可知,他总想有所作为,却怎么努力都……,由此可知,此处指的是他在反思自己的人生。故选A。
[A]reflecting
[B]turning
[C]working
[D]keeping
(　　)2.
B
【解析】 根据上文的“He had always wanted to make a difference”并结合but可知,他总想有所作为,但无论怎么努力,他最终(ended up)都觉得好像……。故选B。
[A]relied on
[B]ended up
[C]brought up
[D]controlled over
(　　)3.
B
【解析】 根据上文的“He had always wanted to make a difference”可知,他总想有所作为,结合but可知,说明他的人生不如意,所以此处指的是最终觉得好像白费力气。故选B。
[A]in charge
[B]in vain
[C]in particular
[D]in turn
(　　)4.
D
【解析】 根据下文的“the man heard a loud ‘crunch (嘎吱作响)’, and looked down at”可知,这个人听到“嘎吱”声,接着低头向下看,说明事情发生的突然。故选D。
[A]Historically
[B]Gradually
[C]Casually
[D]Suddenly
(　　)5.
B
[A]legs
[B]feet
[C]knees
[D]arms
【解析】 根据上文的“the man heard a loud ‘crunch (嘎吱作响)’, and looked down at”以及下文的“Right where he was standing”可知,此处指的是他低下头看向自己的脚。故选B。
(　　)6.
D
【解析】 根据生活常识和下文的“For every starfish you throw back into the ocean, three more wash up onto the shore!”可知,这些小海星应该是被海浪和潮汐冲到海岸上的。故选D。
[A]selected
[B]fished
[C]weighed
[D]washed
(　　)7.
C
【解析】 根据下文的“After all, those starfish...would be dead.”可知,海星被海浪和潮汐冲到海岸上让他觉得海洋残酷。故选C。
[A]care
[B]apology
[C]cruelty
[D]safety
(　　)8.
C
【解析】 根据语境和上文的“The man continued walking, thinking to himself about the apparent 　7　 of the ocean.”及后一句可知,这人觉得海星被冲到海岸上说明海洋的残酷,由此可推断,他认为海星们没有做错什么。故选C。
[A]hopeless
[B]desperate
[C]wrong
[D]weak
(　　)9.
A
【解析】 根据下文的“When he asked her what she was doing, she said she had always wanted to make a difference”可知,他问老人在做什么,由此可知,此时出现的老妇人应该是那人偶然碰见,所以此处使用“遇见”符合语境。故选A。
[A]encountered
[B]recommended
[C]accompanied
[D]invited
(　　)10.
A
【解析】 根据生活常识和下文的“throwing the starfish back into the sea”可知,老人把海星扔回到海里,由此可知,此时老人应该是站在海边。故选A。
[A]edge
[B]center
[C]top
[D]direction
(　　)11.
C
【解析】 根据上文的“When he asked her what she was doing, she said she had always wanted to make a difference”可知,老人一直想有所作为,结合语境和下文的“that today was a good day to begin”可知,老人就在今天把海星扔到海里,所以此处指的是她决定今天是开始的好日子。故选C。
[A]helped
[B]remembered
[C]decided
[D]communicated
(　　)12.
B
【解析】 根据上文的“For every starfish you throw back into the ocean, three more wash up onto the shore!”可知,那人认为每把一只海星扔回海里,就会有三只海星被冲上海岸,由此可知,此处指的是他认为这样怎么可能有所作为呢。故选B。
[A]certainly
[B]possibly
[C]hardly
[D]simply
(　　)13.
C
【解析】 根据生活常识,结合上文的“How can you 　12　 be making a difference ”可知,面对那人的疑虑,老人应该是思考片刻,接下来又捡起了冲到海岸上的海星。故选C。
[A]day
[B]month
[C]moment
[D]week
(　　)14.
D
【解析】 根据上文的“For every starfish you throw back into the ocean, three more wash up onto the shore!”可知,此处指的是将捡起的另一只海星扔回到海里。故选D。
[A]painted
[B]searched
[C]tracked
[D]threw
(　　)15.
A
【解析】 根据上文的“How can you 　12　 be making a difference ”可知,面对那人的疑虑,老人应该是告诉那人,对那一只被捡起来扔回海里的有影响就够了,make a difference意为“有影响”。故选A。
[A]difference
[B]promise
[C]interest
[D]impression
Ⅳ.应用文写作(15分)
　　每年的六月八日为世界海洋日(World Oceans Day)。假设你是李华,暑期你所在的城市将举办世界海洋大会,作为中学生代表,你将在大会上做“Protecting Our Blue Planet”的主题演讲。请你撰写一篇演讲稿,内容包括:
1.海洋的重要性;
2.保护海洋的倡议。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
[写作指导]
　　One possible version:
Good morning, dear guests! I am Li Hua, a high school student, and I feel honoured to speak here on World Oceans Day, which falls on 8 June each year.
The ocean, our blue planet’s lifeblood, is crucial.It provides large amounts of oxygen we breathe,influences the climate and hosts diverse species.Moreover, it serves as a vast food source. However, our ocean is in trouble due to pollution and overfishing.Thus, we must take action.First, reduce plastic use and properly dispose of waste to stop pollution.Second, support sustainable fishing and avoid overfishing.Finally, raise awareness among friends and family.
Let’s protect the ocean together.Only in this way can we ensure a better future for ourselves and generations to come.Thank you!

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