资源简介

UNIT 3　课时作业(三)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.The country is investing heavily in 　　　　(核能的) energy to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels.
2.He is very 　　　　(敏感的) to criticism and often takes it personally.
3.We got lost in the 　　　　(丛林) for hours before finally finding our way out.
4.The city was covered in a thick 　　　　(烟雾),making it difficult to see the buildings in the distance.
5.Everyone should reduce the generation of 　　　　(垃圾),which is a basic contribution to environmental protection.
6.Many 　　　　(公司) are now realising the importance of sustainable development and are taking steps to reduce their environmental impact.
7.She worked tirelessly on her 　　　　(活动) to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection.
8.We need to make sure that all items on the 　　　　(议程表) are covered during the meeting.
9.Each 　　 　　(一卷) of this series of books on ecological protection has beautiful illustrations.
10.New 　　　　(规章制度) regarding data privacy will come into effect next year.
【答案】 1.nuclear　2.sensitive　3.jungle　4.smog 5.garbage　6.enterprises　7.campaign　8.agenda　9.volume　10.regulations
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.We must focus on the 　　　　(conserve) of natural resources to ensure sustainability.
2.Thanks to the 　　　　(restore) of the damaged artwork,it now looks as good as new.
3.The team carried out a detailed 　　　　(inspect) of the building’s foundation before starting construction.
4.There were reports suggesting that dozens 　　　　 people were trapped under the rubble.
5.Large corporations and 　　　　(enterprise) need to adopt more sustainable practices.
6.Patience,respect,and 　　　　(tolerate) are essential qualities in any relationship.
7.He 　　　　(fine) $500 for violating the traffic rules and had his license suspended for a month.
8.Despite efforts to reduce pollution,the city’s air remains 　　　　(smog) on most days.
9.The custom of celebrating the New Year with fireworks originates 　　　　 ancient Chinese traditions.
10.The artist was sensitive 　　 　　 the changing light and often adjusted his painting to capture the effect.
【答案】 1.conservation　2.restoration　3.inspection　4.of　5.enterprises　6.tolerance　7.was fined　8.smoggy　9.from　10.to
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.很明显,噪声污染会对人体健康产生负面影响。(have negative effects on)
2.在这片保存完好的森林里有许多不同的植物种类。(dozens of)
3.许多野生动物最终无家可归,因为它们的栖息地正在被破坏。(end up)
4.妥善处理家庭垃圾以保护环境是我们的责任。(dispose of)
5.人们认为气候变化主要是由人类活动引起的,比如燃烧化石燃料。(it is believed that...)
【答案】 1.It is obvious that noise pollution can have negative effects on human health.
2.There are dozens of different plant species in this well-preserved forest.
3.Many wild animals end up homeless because their habitats are being destroyed.
4.It’s our responsibility to properly dispose of household waste/garbage to protect the environment.
5.It is believed that climate change is mainly caused by human activities,such as burning fossil fuels.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
　　Climate change and increases in droughts and rainstorms pose serious challenges to our water management.An international group of scientists have brought together a large body of research on water quality in rivers worldwide.The study shows that river water quality tends to worsen during extreme weather events.As these events become more often and severe due to climate change,ecosystem health and human access to safe water may be increasingly under threat.
The research led by Dr Michelle van Vliet of Utrecht University analysed 965 cases of river water quality changes during extreme weather such as droughts,heatwaves,rainstorms,and flooding.The analysis shows that in most cases water quality tends to become worse during droughts and heatwaves (68%),rainstorms and floods (51%),and under long-term changes in climate (56%).During droughts,less water is available to dilute contaminants (稀释污染物),while rainstorms and floods generally result in more contaminants that run off from land to rivers and streams.Improvements or mixed responses in water quality are also reported for some cases,for example when increased transport of pollutants is offset (抵消) by more dilution during flood events.
Water quality changes are strongly driven by changes in water temperature.Land use and other human factors such as wastewater treatment also shape how this plays out.“Understanding the complex interplay between climate,land use,and human drivers,which together influence the sources and transport of pollutants is crucial,” says Michelle van Vliet.The research also calls for more data collection and studies of water quality in non-Western countries.“We need better monitoring water quality in Africa and Asia.Most water quality studies now focus on rivers and streams in North America and Europe.”
The results of the study underline the urgent need for a better understanding of water quality changes during extreme weather events.It sounds an alarm to us.Only then will we be able to develop effective water management strategies that can safeguard our access to clean water and ensure ecosystem health under climate change and increasing weather extremes.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究,该研究表明气候变化、极端天气和人类活动对水资源质量构成严峻威胁。
(　　)1.What can we learn from Paragraph 1
[A]Human beings should be blamed for climate change.
[B]Worsened water quality is threatening the climate.
[C]Water quality in rivers worldwide is at risk.
[D]Water management has been improved recently.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句和“The study shows that...may be increasingly under threat.”可知,水资源质量因气候变化、极端天气等因素受到严峻威胁,世界各地河流的水质都受到威胁。故选C。
(　　)2.What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
[A]The threats caused by extreme weather.
[B]The factors influencing water safety.
[C]The findings of Michelle van Vliet’s research.
[D]The design of Michelle van Vliet’s experiment.
【答案】 C
【解析】 段落大意题。分析段落结构可知,第二段是总分结构,该段第一句提出Michelle van Vliet博士领导的研究,后文具体介绍该研究的结果,所以C项能概括本段大意。故选C。
(　　)3.According to Paragraph 3,which will Michelle van Vliet probably agree with
[A]Water quality in non-Western countries is more terrible.
[B]Human activities have a big influence on water quality.
[C]Related data collection and studies of Europe is adequate.
[D]Water quality changes are dominated by water temperature.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Water quality changes...and transport of pollutants is crucial’”可知,土地使用和废水处理等其他人为因素也影响水质变化,Michelle van Vliet认为了解气候、土地利用和人类驱动因素之间复杂的相互作用至关重要,即他认为人类活动对水质有很大影响。故选B。
(　　)4.What is the author’s attitude towards Michelle van Vliet’s research
[A]Unclear. [B]Contradictory.
[C]Doubtful. [D]Approving.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的前两句可知,作者认为该研究给我们敲响了警钟,所以对该研究持支持的态度。故选D。UNIT 3　课时作业(二)
(分值:53分)
Ⅰ.将直接引语改为间接引语(共8题;每题2分,共16分)
1.“I am very interested in environmental protection,” he said.
→

2.She said,“I will join the tree-planting activity next week.”
→

3.The scientist said,“We have found a new way to reduce pollution.”
→

4.He asked,“Are you going to the waste-sorting lecture ”
→

5.She asked,“What can we do to protect the wild animals ”
→

6.The teacher said,“Stop using disposable plastics,students.”
→

7.“Don’t swim too far,” I said to the boys.
→

8.The teacher said,“You should keep on doing it.”
→

【答案】 1.He said that he was very interested in environmental protection.
2.She said that she would join the tree-planting activity the next/following week.
3.The scientist said that they had found a new way to reduce pollution.
4.He asked whether/if I was going to the waste-sorting lecture.
5.She asked what we could do to protect the wild animals.
6.The teacher told/advised the students to stop using disposable plastics.
7.I ordered/asked the boys not to swim too far.
8.The teacher advised/suggested that I (should) keep on doing it.
Ⅱ.将间接引语改为直接引语(共6题;每题2分,共12分)
1.He said that he liked to participate in clean-up campaigns.
→

2.She said that she had seen a documentary about climate change the day before.
→

3.The official announced that the new environmental policy would take effect the next month.
→

4.He asked whether/if I was aware of the importance of energy conservation.
→

5.She asked me how I could reduce my carbon footprint.
→

6.The mother told her child to turn off the tap to save water.
→

【答案】 1.He said,“I like to participate in clean-up campaigns.”
2.She said,“I saw a documentary about climate change yesterday.”
3.The official announced,“The new environmental policy will take effect next month.”
4.He asked,“Are you aware of the importance of energy conservation ”
5.She asked,“How can you reduce your carbon footprint ”
6.The mother said to her child,“Turn off the tap to save water.”
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
　　Near the edge of the Arctic region of Canada,the short summer is rapidly disappearing.The sun is pale,and the brief days of fall are being chased away by a constant cold wind from the north.It’s an icy cold region in which few animals or plants can survive.
One animal,though,actually grows strong in these freezing,lonely surroundings: the polar bear.Winter has the perfect weather for the huge white bear.According to Cam Elliot of the governmental group called Manitoba Conservation,polar bears are built for winter.These warm-blooded mammals spend most of their life on frozen seas,so they have adjusted to be able to handle the cold weather.Their thick fur protects them from the freezing winds.They have short tails and tiny ears,both of which help reduce heat loss.The heavy layer of fat helps to protect the animals from the cold and allows them to live for long periods of time without eating.
What is especially attractive in polar bears in terms of conservation (保护) is that it is an umbrella species.No other animals hunt the polar bear.Because of their status as “top killers”,scientists feel that the health of polar bears parallels directly with the health of the environment.Global warming may be affecting the ice patterns,which are critical for the survival of the polar bear.
Anything in the global climate that would affect the stability or the length of the time that the ice is on Hudson Bay or the Arctic waters,is going to have immediate impact on them.
When the ice melts early,the bears may lose one month of hunting opportunities,which can have major effects on their ability to find enough food.Another issue with the situation is that when we develop any consideration for measures for polar bears,we are also protecting the entire ecosystem.That is to say,by making the changes needed to keep this umbrella species alive,the world will save any number of animals that have the same environmental requirements.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变化给北极熊带来的影响。北极熊在食物链中的地位决定了我们采取措施保护北极熊时,要考虑到整个生态系统。
(　　)1.What makes polar bears particularly suited to the extreme weather there
[A]Determination.
[B]Short tails and large ears.
[C]The ability of adaptation.
[D]The thin layer of fat.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Their thick fur protects them...time without eating.”可知,北极熊厚厚的皮毛、厚重的脂肪层、短尾巴和小耳朵都有助于它们适应寒冷的天气,故北极熊的适应能力使它们能特别适应那里的极端天气。故选C。
(　　)2.What can we learn from the text
[A]The Arctic has a relatively long autumn.
[B]The ice pattern plays a key role in the survival of the polar bear.
[C]Polar bears are hurting more and more other small animals.
[D]The earlier melting of the ice may do good to small animals.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句可知,冰的形态对北极熊的生存起着关键作用。故选B。
(　　)3.Why is the polar bear called “umbrella species”
[A]Because they can provide shelter for other species.
[B]Because they are very strong.
[C]Because they are large killers.
[D]Because they are at the top of the food chain.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段的前两句可知,北极熊被称为“保护伞物种”是因为没有其他动物捕食北极熊,即它们处于食物链的顶端。故选D。
(　　)4.What is the author’s attitude to polar bear preservation
[A]Favourable. [B]Uncaring.
[C]Unclear. [D]Doubtful.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知,作者对保护北极熊持支持态度。故选A。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
　　The headwater region of the Changjiang River,known as Sanjiangyuan,is sensitive to climate change.The ecological environment of the source area plays a crucial role in maintaining the
1.　　　　(stable) of the climate system,water resources security,biodiversity and ecosystem security along the Changjiang River.
In 1976,China organised its first scientific expedition (探险) to the headwater region of the Changjiang River.After 2.　　　　(overcome) many hardships,the expedition team 3.　　　　(final) discovered the source of the Changjiang River to the foot of Mount Geladandong,which revised the length of the Changjiang River,and 4.　　　　(confirm) it as the third-longest river in the world.
In order to gain a deeper understanding of the changes in the ecological environment in the source area of the Changjiang River,comprehensive scientific expeditions 5.　　　　(carry) out to the Sanjiangyuan area since 2012.The expeditions have gone through some 6.　　 　　
(stage),namely entering,studying and protecting the source of the river.
At present,the expeditions have led to 7.　　　　 field scientific research observation system,including over 20 river observation sections and points,extending 8.　　　　 wetlands,
glaciers,water ecology and water environment evolution,to river channel evolution and water and sand changes.
“In the future,9.　　　　(provide) more scientific support for the protection of the Changjiang River,we will conduct cross-field cooperation with more scientific research institutions,” said Xu Ping,10.　　　　 is involved in the expeditions.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。作为长江源头的三江源地区的生态环境至关重要。文章主要介绍了中国为保护三江源地区采取的措施。
1.【答案】 stability
【解析】 考查名词。设空处应用名词作动词maintaining的宾语,stable的名词形式为stability,意为“稳定性”,是不可数名词。故填stability。
2.【答案】 overcoming
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。空前的After为介词,所以设空处应用动名词形式作宾语。故填overcoming。
3.【答案】 finally
【解析】 考查副词。设空处修饰动词discovered,应用副词形式。故填finally。
4.【答案】 confirmed
【解析】 考查动词的时态。设空处与谓语动词discovered为并列谓语,共同描述探险队的两个主要成就,应用一般过去时。故填confirmed。
5.【答案】 have been carried
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处作谓语动词,根据时间状语since 2012可知,应用现在完成时,主语expeditions和carry out之间为被动关系,应用现在完成时的被动语态,且主语为复数名词,助动词应用have。故填have been carried。
6.【答案】 stages
【解析】 考查名词复数。设空处应用名词作宾语,stage为可数名词,some修饰可数名词复数形式。故填stages。
7.【答案】 a
【解析】 考查冠词。设空处修饰名词短语field scientific research observation system,此处表泛指,意为“一个野外科学考察观测系统”,应用不定冠词,且 field以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
8.【答案】 from
【解析】 考查介词。设空处应用介词,构成固定短语from...to...,意为“从……到……”。故填from。
9.【答案】 to provide
【解析】 考查动词不定式。句中已有谓语will conduct,设空处作非谓语动词,应用动词不定式作目的状语,表示“为了提供”。故填to provide。
10.【答案】 who
【解析】 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Xu Ping,指人,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who。故填who。(共22张PPT)
UNIT 3　课时作业(三)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.The country is investing heavily in 　　　　(核能的) energy to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels.
2.He is very 　　 　 　(敏感的) to criticism and often takes it personally.
3.We got lost in the 　　　　(丛林) for hours before finally finding our way out.
4.The city was covered in a thick 　　　　(烟雾),making it difficult to see the buildings in the distance.
nuclear
sensitive
jungle
smog
5.Everyone should reduce the generation of 　　 　　(垃圾),which is a basic contribution to environmental protection.
6.Many 　　 　(公司) are now realising the importance of sustainable development and are taking steps to reduce their environmental impact.
7.She worked tirelessly on her 　　　 　(活动) to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection.
garbage
enterprises
campaign
8.We need to make sure that all items on the 　　　　(议程表) are covered during the meeting.
9.Each 　　　　(一卷) of this series of books on ecological protection has beautiful illustrations.
10.New 　　　 　(规章制度) regarding data privacy will come into effect next year.
agenda
volume
regulations
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.We must focus on the 　　 　　(conserve) of natural resources to ensure sustainability.
2.Thanks to the 　　 　(restore) of the damaged artwork,it now looks as good as new.
3.The team carried out a detailed 　　　 　(inspect) of the building’s foundation before starting construction.
conservation
restoration
inspection　
4.There were reports suggesting that dozens 　　　　 people were trapped under the rubble.
5.Large corporations and 　　 　　(enterprise) need to adopt more sustainable practices.
6.Patience,respect,and 　　　 (tolerate) are essential qualities in any relationship.
7.He 　　 　　(fine) $500 for violating the traffic rules and had his license suspended for a month.
of
enterprises
tolerance
was fined
8.Despite efforts to reduce pollution,the city’s air remains 　　　　(smog) on most days.
9.The custom of celebrating the New Year with fireworks originates
　　　　 ancient Chinese traditions.
10.The artist was sensitive 　　　　 the changing light and often adjusted his painting to capture the effect.
smoggy
from
to
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.很明显,噪声污染会对人体健康产生负面影响。(have negative effects on)
It is obvious that noise pollution can have negative effects on human health.
2.在这片保存完好的森林里有许多不同的植物种类。(dozens of)
There are dozens of different plant species in this well-preserved forest.
3.许多野生动物最终无家可归,因为它们的栖息地正在被破坏。(end up)
Many wild animals end up homeless because their habitats are being destroyed.
4.妥善处理家庭垃圾以保护环境是我们的责任。(dispose of)
It’s our responsibility to properly dispose of household waste/garbage to protect the environment.
5.人们认为气候变化主要是由人类活动引起的,比如燃烧化石燃料。(it is believed that...)
It is believed that climate change is mainly caused by human activities,
such as burning fossil fuels.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
　　Climate change and increases in droughts and rainstorms pose serious challenges to our water management.An international group of scientists have brought together a large body of research on water quality in rivers worldwide.The study shows that river water quality tends to worsen during extreme weather events.As these events become more often and severe due to climate change,ecosystem health and human access to safe water may be increasingly under threat.
The research led by Dr Michelle van Vliet of Utrecht University analysed 965 cases of river water quality changes during extreme weather such as droughts,
heatwaves,rainstorms,and flooding.The analysis shows that in most cases water quality tends to become worse during droughts and heatwaves (68%),rainstorms and floods (51%),and under long-term changes in climate (56%).During droughts,less water is available to dilute contaminants (稀释污染物),while rainstorms and floods generally result in more contaminants that run off from land to rivers and streams.Improvements or mixed responses in water quality are also reported for some cases,for example when increased transport of pollutants is offset (抵消) by more dilution during flood events.
Water quality changes are strongly driven by changes in water temperature.Land use and other human factors such as wastewater treatment also shape how this plays out.“Understanding the complex interplay between climate,land use,and human drivers,which together influence the sources and transport of pollutants is crucial,” says Michelle van Vliet.The research also calls for more data collection and studies of water quality in non-Western countries.“We need better monitoring water quality in Africa and Asia.Most water quality studies now focus on rivers and streams in North America and Europe.”
The results of the study underline the urgent need for a better understanding of water quality changes during extreme weather events.It sounds an alarm to us.Only then will we be able to develop effective water management strategies that can safeguard our access to clean water and ensure ecosystem health under climate change and increasing weather extremes.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究,该研究表明气候变化、极端天气和人类活动对水资源质量构成严峻威胁。
(　　)1.What can we learn from Paragraph 1
[A]Human beings should be blamed for climate change.
[B]Worsened water quality is threatening the climate.
[C]Water quality in rivers worldwide is at risk.
[D]Water management has been improved recently.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句和“The study shows that...may be increasingly under threat.”可知,水资源质量因气候变化、极端天气等因素受到严峻威胁,世界各地河流的水质都受到威胁。故选C。
(　　)2.What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
[A]The threats caused by extreme weather.
[B]The factors influencing water safety.
[C]The findings of Michelle van Vliet’s research.
[D]The design of Michelle van Vliet’s experiment.
C
【解析】 段落大意题。分析段落结构可知,第二段是总分结构,该段第一句提出Michelle van Vliet博士领导的研究,后文具体介绍该研究的结果,所以C项能概括本段大意。故选C。
(　　)3.According to Paragraph 3,which will Michelle van Vliet probably agree with
[A]Water quality in non-Western countries is more terrible.
[B]Human activities have a big influence on water quality.
[C]Related data collection and studies of Europe is adequate.
[D]Water quality changes are dominated by water temperature.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Water quality changes...and transport of pollutants is crucial’”可知,土地使用和废水处理等其他人为因素也影响水质变化,Michelle van Vliet认为了解气候、土地利用和人类驱动因素之间复杂的相互作用至关重要,即他认为人类活动对水质有很大影响。故选B。
(　　)4.What is the author’s attitude towards Michelle van Vliet’s research
[A]Unclear. [B]Contradictory.
[C]Doubtful. [D]Approving.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的前两句可知,作者认为该研究给我们敲响了警钟,所以对该研究持支持的态度。故选D。(共30张PPT)
UNIT 3　课时作业(二)
(分值:53分)
Ⅰ.将直接引语改为间接引语(共8题;每题2分,共16分)
1.“I am very interested in environmental protection,” he said.
→
2.She said,“I will join the tree-planting activity next week.”
→
He said that he was very interested in environmental protection.
She said that she would join the tree-planting activity the next/
following week.
3.The scientist said,“We have found a new way to reduce pollution.”
→
4.He asked,“Are you going to the waste-sorting lecture ”
→
The scientist said that they had found a new way to reduce pollution.
He asked whether/if I was going to the waste-sorting lecture.
5.She asked,“What can we do to protect the wild animals ”
→
6.The teacher said,“Stop using disposable plastics,students.”
→
She asked what we could do to protect the wild animals.
The teacher told/advised the students to stop using disposable plastics.
7.“Don’t swim too far,” I said to the boys.
→
8.The teacher said,“You should keep on doing it.”
→
I ordered/asked the boys not to swim too far.
The teacher advised/suggested that I (should) keep on doing it.
Ⅱ.将间接引语改为直接引语(共6题;每题2分,共12分)
1.He said that he liked to participate in clean-up campaigns.
→
2.She said that she had seen a documentary about climate change the day before.
→
He said,“I like to participate in clean-up campaigns.”
She said,“I saw a documentary about climate change yesterday.”
3.The official announced that the new environmental policy would take effect the next month.
→
4.He asked whether/if I was aware of the importance of energy conservation.
→
The official announced,“The new environmental policy will take effect next month.”
He asked,“Are you aware of the importance of energy conservation ”
5.She asked me how I could reduce my carbon footprint.
→
6.The mother told her child to turn off the tap to save water.
→
She asked,“How can you reduce your carbon footprint ”
The mother said to her child,“Turn off the tap to save water.”
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
　　Near the edge of the Arctic region of Canada,the short summer is rapidly disappearing.The sun is pale,and the brief days of fall are being chased away by a constant cold wind from the north.It’s an icy cold region in which few animals or plants can survive.
One animal,though,actually grows strong in these freezing,lonely surroundings: the polar bear.Winter has the perfect weather for the huge white bear.According to Cam Elliot of the governmental group called Manitoba Conservation,polar bears are built for winter.These warm-blooded mammals spend most of their life on frozen seas,so they have adjusted to be able to handle the cold weather.Their thick fur protects them from the freezing winds.They have short tails and tiny ears,both of which help reduce heat loss.The heavy layer of fat helps to protect the animals from the cold and allows them to live for long periods of time without eating.
What is especially attractive in polar bears in terms of conservation
(保护) is that it is an umbrella species.No other animals hunt the polar bear.Because of their status as “top killers”,scientists feel that the health of polar bears parallels directly with the health of the environment.Global warming may be affecting the ice patterns,which are critical for the survival of the polar bear.
Anything in the global climate that would affect the stability or the length of the time that the ice is on Hudson Bay or the Arctic waters,is going to have immediate impact on them.
When the ice melts early,the bears may lose one month of hunting opportunities,which can have major effects on their ability to find enough food.Another issue with the situation is that when we develop any consideration for measures for polar bears,we are also protecting the entire ecosystem.That is to say,by making the changes needed to keep this umbrella species alive,the world will save any number of animals that have the same environmental requirements.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变化给北极熊带来的影响。北极熊在食物链中的地位决定了我们采取措施保护北极熊时,要考虑到整个生态系统。
(　　)1.What makes polar bears particularly suited to the extreme weather there
[A]Determination.
[B]Short tails and large ears.
[C]The ability of adaptation.
[D]The thin layer of fat.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Their thick fur protects them...time without eating.”可知,北极熊厚厚的皮毛、厚重的脂肪层、短尾巴和小耳朵都有助于它们适应寒冷的天气,故北极熊的适应能力使它们能特别适应那里的极端天气。故选C。
(　　)2.What can we learn from the text
[A]The Arctic has a relatively long autumn.
[B]The ice pattern plays a key role in the survival of the polar bear.
[C]Polar bears are hurting more and more other small animals.
[D]The earlier melting of the ice may do good to small animals.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句可知,冰的形态对北极熊的生存起着关键作用。故选B。
(　　)3.Why is the polar bear called “umbrella species”
[A]Because they can provide shelter for other species.
[B]Because they are very strong.
[C]Because they are large killers.
[D]Because they are at the top of the food chain.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段的前两句可知,北极熊被称为“保护伞物种”是因为没有其他动物捕食北极熊,即它们处于食物链的顶端。故选D。
(　　)4.What is the author’s attitude to polar bear preservation
[A]Favourable. [B]Uncaring.
[C]Unclear. [D]Doubtful.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知,作者对保护北极熊持支持态度。故选A。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
　　The headwater region of the Changjiang River,known as Sanjiangyuan,
is sensitive to climate change.The ecological environment of the source area plays a crucial role in maintaining the 1.　 　　　(stable) of the climate system,water resources security,biodiversity and ecosystem security along the Changjiang River.
stability
In 1976,China organised its first scientific expedition (探险) to the headwater region of the Changjiang River.After 2.　　　 　(overcome) many hardships,the expedition team 3.　　 　　(final) discovered the source of the Changjiang River to the foot of Mount Geladandong,which revised the length of the Changjiang River,and 4.　　　 　(confirm) it as the third-longest river in the world.
overcoming
finally
confirmed
In order to gain a deeper understanding of the changes in the ecological environment in the source area of the Changjiang River,comprehensive scientific expeditions 5.　　 　　(carry) out to the Sanjiangyuan area since 2012.The expeditions have gone through some 6.　　　　(stage),
namely entering,studying and protecting the source of the river.
have been carried
stages
At present,the expeditions have led to 7.　　　　 field scientific research observation system,including over 20 river observation sections and points,extending 8.　　　　 wetlands,glaciers,water ecology and water environment evolution,to river channel evolution and water and sand changes.
a
from
“In the future,9.　　 　　(provide) more scientific support for the protection of the Changjiang River,we will conduct cross-field cooperation with more scientific research institutions,” said Xu Ping,10.　　　　 is involved in the expeditions.
to provide
who
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。作为长江源头的三江源地区的生态环境至关重要。文章主要介绍了中国为保护三江源地区采取的措施。
1.【答案】 stability
【解析】 考查名词。设空处应用名词作动词maintaining的宾语,stable的名词形式为stability,意为“稳定性”,是不可数名词。故填stability。
2.【答案】 overcoming
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。空前的After为介词,所以设空处应用动名词形式作宾语。故填overcoming。
3.【答案】 finally
【解析】 考查副词。设空处修饰动词discovered,应用副词形式。故填finally。
4.【答案】 confirmed
【解析】 考查动词的时态。设空处与谓语动词discovered为并列谓语,共同描述探险队的两个主要成就,应用一般过去时。故填confirmed。
5.【答案】 have been carried
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处作谓语动词,根据时间状语since 2012可知,应用现在完成时,主语expeditions和carry out之间为被动关系,应用现在完成时的被动语态,且主语为复数名词,助动词应用have。故填have been carried。
6.【答案】 stages
【解析】 考查名词复数。设空处应用名词作宾语,stage为可数名词,some修饰可数名词复数形式。故填stages。
7.【答案】 a
【解析】 考查冠词。设空处修饰名词短语field scientific research observation system,此处表泛指,意为“一个野外科学考察观测系统”,应用不定冠词,且 field以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
8.【答案】 from
【解析】 考查介词。设空处应用介词,构成固定短语from...to...,意为
“从……到……”。故填from。
9.【答案】 to provide
【解析】 考查动词不定式。句中已有谓语will conduct,设空处作非谓语动词,应用动词不定式作目的状语,表示“为了提供”。故填to provide。
10.【答案】 who
【解析】 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Xu Ping,指人,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who。故填who。[头脑风暴·思维发散]
　　In recent decades,Earth has been getting warmer due to the emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane.This trend has resulted in severe natural disasters.For example,as polar ice caps melt,sea levels rise,posing a threat to coastal habitats.Additionally,
extreme weather has also caused chaos,leading to more frequent hurricanes and floods.Droughts can also occur in certain basins,affecting agriculture and water supplies.Wildlife,such as penguins and seals,is at risk as their habitats change.We must implement effective policies to mitigate these impacts and protect our environment.
近几十年来,由于二氧化碳和甲烷等温室气体的排放,地球温度持续上升。这一趋势导致了严重的自然灾害。例如,随着极地冰盖的融化,海平面不断上升,对沿海栖息地构成了威胁。此外,极端天气也引发了混乱,导致飓风和洪水更加频繁。某些流域还可能出现干旱,影响农业和水资源供应。随着栖息地的变化,企鹅和海豹等野生动物正处于危险之中。我们必须实施有效的政策来减轻这些影响,保护我们的环境。
Reading and Thinking,Learning About Language
写作词汇
1.release　　　　　 vt.& n.排放;释放;发布
2.carbon n.碳
3.fuel n.燃料;刺激性言行
4.comprehensive adj.全部的;所有的;详尽的
5.worldwide adv.遍及全球地
adj.世界各地的;影响全世界的
6.trend n.趋势;趋向;动向
7.broadcast vt.& vi.(broadcast,broadcast)
播送;广播;传播
n.广播节目;电视节目
8.policy n.政策;方针;原则
9.seize vt.抓住;夺取;控制
10.reform vi.& vt.改革;(使)改正;改造
n.改革;变革;改良
11.moderate adj.适度的;中等的;温和的
vi.& vt.缓和;使适中
阅读词汇
1.graph　　　　 n.图;图表;曲线图
2.emission n.排放物;散发物;排放
3.seal n.海豹
4.methane n.甲烷;沼气
5.dioxide n.二氧化物
6.fossil n.化石
7.footprint n.足迹;(某物所占的)空间量;面积
8.basin n.流域;盆地;盆
9.penguin n.企鹅
10.undergo vt.(underwent,undergone)经历;经受(变化、不快等)
11.implement vt.使生效;贯彻;执行
12.tropical adj.热带的;来自热带的
13.chaos n.混乱;杂乱;紊乱
14.nuclear adj.原子能的;核能的;原子核的
15.jungle n.(热带)丛林;密林
拓展词汇
1.starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿;饿死→starvation n.饥饿;饿死;挨饿
2.ecology n.生态;生态学→ecological adj.生态的;生态学的→ecologist n.生态学家;生态保护
论者
3.habitable adj.适合居住的→habitat n.生长地;栖息地
4.sustain vt.维持;遭受;承受住→sustainable adj.可持续的;合理利用的
5.frequently adv.频繁地;经常→frequent adj.频繁的;时常发生的;惯常的→frequency n.频率;
频繁
6.restrict vt.限制;限定;束缚→restriction n.限制规定;限制法规;约束→restrictive adj.限制(性)的;约束(性)的
7.harmonious adj.和谐的→harmony n.协调;和睦;融洽
8.submit vt.& vi.提交;呈递;屈服→submission n.提交(物);屈服;服从→submissive adj.顺从的;服从的;恭顺的
9.annual adj.每年的;一年的 n.年刊;年鉴→annually adv.一年一次地
10.sensitive adj.敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的→sense n.感觉;意识;判断力 vt.意识到→sensible adj.明智的;合理的
重点词块
1.be shocked by...　　　 被……震惊
2.in order to 目的是;为了
3.have an impact on... 对……产生影响
4.refer to 指的是;提到;参考;涉及
5.huge amounts of 大量的
6.be trapped in 被困在;陷入(困境)
7.lead to 导致
8.take actions 采取行动
9.result in 导致
10.take responsibility for 对……负责
11.on behalf of 代表(代替)某人
重点句型
1.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).(There is little doubt that...)
毫无疑问,地球的气温正在逐渐上升(如图)。
2.Without this process,Earth could not sustain life.
(含蓄虚拟条件句)
如果没有这一过程,地球就无法维系生命。
3.There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide,not only causing serious damage,but also costing human lives.(that引导同位语从句;现在分词短语作结果状语)
确凿、全面的证据表明,温度上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多,不仅造成严重破坏,而且使人丧命。
4.It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming,
along with its causes and impacts,because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.(it作形式主语;现在分词短语作后置定语)
我们有责任抓住每一个机会,让每个人了解全球变暖,包括其成因和影响,因为此事深刻影响到地球上的所有人。
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与自然——环境保护。
2.语篇类型:说明文。
3.课文内容分析:
本文由一篇北极熊的死亡报道引出话题——气候变化对全球生态造成了重大影响。然后分析了气候变暖背后的原因及后果。作者呼吁世界各国政府携起手来,共同制定政策,采取措施减少温室气体的排放,同时也号召个人减少生活中的碳排放,宣传气候变化的知识。阅读本文,有利于学生了解极端天气的背后成因,认识人类的活动对全球气候产生的巨大影响,反思自己的行为,进而懂得如何减缓气候变暖的进程,从自身做起,成为具有全球视野的有责任和有担当的人。
多维解读·浅析结构
【答案】 1.dramatic　2.starved　3.ecology　4.sustain　5.disasters　6.policies
精研细读·深层理解
( )1.Why is the “natural” greenhouse effect important and necessary
[A]Because it is short-wave radiation. [B]Because it is long-wave radiation.
[C]Because it releases more heat. [D]Because it helps Earth to sustain life.
( )2.How does the author develop Paragraph 3
[A]By giving definitions. [B]By citing quotations.
[C]By giving examples. [D]By listing numbers.
( )3.What is the structure of the text
[A]Paragraph 1 Paragraph 5
[B]Paragraph 1—Paragraph 2—Paragraph 3—Paragraph 4—Paragraph 5
[C]Paragraph 1
[D] Paragraph 5
( )4.What’s the author’s purpose of writing this text
[A]To call for people to donate money.
[B]To ask people not to kill polar bears.
[C]To explain the meaning of “carbon footprint”.
[D]To call on us to do our bit to protect our planet.
( )5.In which part of a newspaper or magazine may we find this passage
[A]Entertainment. [B]Environment.
[C]Education. [D]Economy.
【答案】 1.D 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.B
二次开发·深研课文
　　There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.In 2013,many people 1.　　　　
(shock) by a news photo of a dead polar bear which appeared to have starved to death.Experts
claimed that low sea-ice levels 2.　　　　(cause) by climate change meant that 3.　　　　(bear) could not hunt seals as before,so they had to travel greater distances to find food.Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”,4.　　　　 has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect.The “man-made” greenhouse effect 5.　　　　(become) a big problem so far.There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and 6.　　　　(nature) disasters worldwide.
Actually,news reports are 7.　　　　(frequent) broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses.Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate.This requires 8.　　 　　
attention of people all over the world.We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by 9.　　　　(restrict) the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.10.　　　　 is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming.
【答案】 1.were shocked　2.caused　3.bears　4.which　5.has become　6.natural　7.frequently　8.the　9.restricting　10.It
1.starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿;饿死
·starvation n.饥饿;饿死;挨饿
[教材原句] An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body,the bear appeared to have starved and died.
一位长期研究北极熊的专家说,从尸体的姿势看,这只北极熊像是饿死的。
例　 (应用文写作之申请信)I have been starving for such a precious opportunity to practise spoken English,so please accept my application.
我一直渴望这样一个宝贵的机会来练习英语口语,所以请接受我的申请。
例　 Many species are starved of their natural food sources because of habitat destruction.
由于栖息地遭到破坏,许多物种缺乏天然食物来源。
·starve to death 饿死 starve for 渴望;急需 starve to do sth 渴望做某事 be starved of/for...缺乏……;急需…… starve sb into (doing) sth 断绝食物(或资金)来源以迫使某人做某事 ·die of/from starvation 饿死
表示“渴望”的表达还有be dying/thirsty/hungry/desperate for.../to do sth、long for.../to do sth等。
　[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
As we all know,everyone starves 　　　　 success,but only those who work hard can gain it.
Many people faced 　　　　(starve) as a result of the drought.
The factory is starved 　　　　 skilled workers at present to increase production efficiency.
由于缺乏食物,数百只动物在干旱的季节中饿死。
Hundreds of animals during the dry season due to a lack of food.
【答案】 for　 starvation　 of/for　 starved to death
He earns only a little wage,so he starves for a new job with better pay.You see,everyone starves to live better and no one likes to starve to death.After all,the starvation is intolerable.
他挣的工资很少,所以他渴望一份薪水更高的新工作。你知道,每个人都渴望过得更好,没有人喜欢饿死。毕竟,挨饿是难以忍受的。
2.release vt.& n.排放;释放;发布
[教材原句] The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths.
这一热量以更大的波长被释放回大气层。
例　 It took firefighters two hours to release the driver from the wreckage.
消防员花了两个小时将司机从汽车残骸中救出来。
例　 The release of the new environmental protection regulations has been well received by the public.
新的环保法规的发布得到了公众的普遍认可。
·release...from...把……从……解脱/释放出来 release...into...把……释放到…… release...to...把……放到…… ·on release 上映;发行
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/写出下列句中release的中文释义
The teacher asked the students to do some exercise to release them 　　　　 stress.
The concert tickets have been sold out since the day 　　　　 release.
The new game is scheduled for release in November.　　　　　　　
After being questioned by the police,she was released without charge.　　　　　　　
Which of the releases of this cinema do you think is really good 　　　　　　　
【答案】 from　 on　 发布　 释放　 新片
3.restrict vt.限制;限定;束缚
·restriction n.限制规定;限制法规;约束
·restrictive adj.限制(性)的;约束(性)的
[教材原句] We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.
作为个人,我们可以通过限制生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。
例　 (应用文写作之征稿)We restrict words of your article to about 1,000.
我们要求你的文章字数在1 000个左右。
例　 (应用文写作之征稿)The prize is restricted to those who have submitted their work before the deadline.
该奖项仅限于在截止日期前提交作品的人。
例　 The park is open to the public without restriction.
这个公园对公众开放,没有任何限制。
·restrict...to...把……限制在…… be restricted to (doing) sth 限于(做)某事 restrict sb/oneself to doing sth 限制/约束某人/自己只做某事 ·without restriction 毫无限制 impose/place a restriction (on/upon sth) (对某事)实行限制
　[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
We should restrict our discussion 　　　　 the topic of environmental protection.
The 　　　　(restrict) on access to the nature reserve are for the safety of both visitors and wildlife.
为了减少自己的碳足迹,他的父亲限制自己每周仅开车两次。
To reduce his own carbon footprint,his father 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 only twice a week.
在博物馆里,参观者被限制在一定距离外观看展品,以免造成任何损坏。
In the museum,visitors 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the exhibits from a certain distance to avoid any damage.
【答案】 to　 restrictions　 restricts himself to
driving　 are restricted to viewing
4.seize vt.抓住;夺取;控制
[教材原句] It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming,along with its causes and impacts,because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
我们有责任抓住每一个机会,让每个人了解全球变暖,包括其成因和影响,因为此事深刻影响到地球上的所有人。
例　 (2024·全国甲卷)The only opportunity she could seize to study was when her brother was having Chinese lessons with the family tutor.
她唯一能抓住的学习机会是她哥哥跟着家庭教师上中文课的时候。
例　 (读后续写之动作/情感描写)The man seized the door handle with both hands and seemed to have been seized by a wave of panic.
似乎是突然感到惊慌失措,那个男人用双手抓住门把手。
seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会 seize sb by the+身体部位(=seize one’s+身体部位) 抓住某人的某个部位 seize on/upon 抓住;利用 be seized with/by 被(强烈的情感、愿望等)控制/侵袭
seize指突然一把“抓住”某人或某物时,可直接用被抓住的部位作宾语,也可用“seize sb by the+身体部位”结构,但表示部位的名词前不能用物主代词。与seize类似用法的单词有hit、pat、strike等,构成“动词+ sb on/in/by + the +身体部位”结构。接比较硬的身体部位常用on,接比较软的身体部位常用in,而by一般接比较突出的身体部位。
　[语境运用] 完成句子
这个小男孩抓住我的胳膊向我求助。
The little boy 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and asked me for help.
(应用文写作之通知)我希望你们能抓住这个机会,体验中国的传统文化。
I wish that you could 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to expose yourselves to traditional Chinese culture.
【答案】 seized me by the arm/seized my arm　 seize this chance/opportunity
5.submit vt.& vi.提交;呈递;屈服
·submission n.提交(物);屈服;服从
[教材原句] According to the report submitted by researchers,between 20 and 25 percent of all annual carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests.
根据研究人员提交的报告,每年20%至25%的二氧化碳排放量是由热带森林的破坏造成的。
例　 (应用文写作之通知)Please submit your application form before the deadline.
请在截止日期前提交你的申请表。
例　 We should not submit to the difficulties in the process of environmental protection.
我们在环境保护的过程中不应屈服于困难。
·submit sth to...向……提交某物 submit (sb/oneself) to 屈服/顺从于/不得已接受…… submit that...认为/表示/主张/建议…… ·be forced into submission 被迫屈服
上述短语中的to均为介词,后接名词、代词或v.-ing形式。
　[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The first time he submitted his artwork 　　　　 a famous artist,he was invited to an exhibition,where he received praise for his creativity.
At last,she had to submit herself to 　　　　(study) late into the night for the important exam.
In the end,the little girl had to submit 　　　　(her) to the idea of sharing her toys with others.
They agreed in the end to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(把报告提交给) the headmaster.
Although we got stuck in trouble,by no means could we 　　　　　　　　(屈服) the difficulties and hardships.
【答案】 to　 studying　 herself　 submit the report to　 submit to
The general didn’t submit to the enemies and he refused to submit the agreement to them.Actually,he submitted that he should not be forced into submission.
将军没有向敌人屈服,他拒绝向他们提交投降书。事实上,他认为不应该被迫屈服。
6.sensitive adj.敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的
·sense n.感觉;意识;判断力 vt.意识到
·sensible adj.明智的;合理的
[教材原句] Why is nuclear power a sensitive topic
为什么核能是一个敏感的话题
例　 She is very sensitive to what others think about her.
她对别人对她的看法很敏感。
例　 (话题写作之人物介绍)The person I respect most is my English teacher,who is very sensitive to every student’s feelings.
我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师,他/她十分体谅每一个学生的感受。
sensitive常与介词to连用,有以下几个含义。①“(对低温、光、食物等)敏感的;过敏的”。
②“易生气的;神经过敏的”(也可跟介词about)。
③“体贴的;善解人意的”。
④(信息、话题)须谨慎对待的;敏感的。
[语境运用] 写出下列句中sensitive的中文释义
—I can’t believe he got upset over something so small.I didn’t mean to hurt him.
—He’s just a bit sensitive.　　　　　　　
Sarah didn’t do well in the presentation.Please be sensitive to her emotions and offer some encouragement.　　　　　　　
Babies are especially sensitive to loud noises,so it’s important to keep their environment quiet.　　　　　　　
The company avoided discussing any controversial topics during the meeting,as they were dealing with sensitive information.　　　　　　　
【答案】 易生气的;神经过敏的　 体贴的;善解人意的　 (对低温、光、食物等)敏感的　 (信息、话题)须谨慎对待的;敏感的
There is no/little doubt that...毫无疑问……
[教材原句] There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).
毫无疑问,地球的气温正在逐渐上升(如图)。
例 (应用文写作之倡议书)There is no/little doubt that protecting the environment is essential for the well-being of future generations.
毫无疑问,保护环境对后代的福祉至关重要。
例 (应用文写作之倡议书)There is no/little doubt that reducing carbon emissions is one of the most effective ways to handle climate change.
毫无疑问,减少碳排放是应对气候变化最有效的方法之一。
[归纳拓展]
“There is no/little+抽象名词...”是存现句,其中There不能换成It。常见的There be存现句式如下所示。
There is a/no need (for sb) to do sth (对某人来说)做某事是有/没有必要的
There is some/no doubt about...对……有/没有疑问
There is no sense/use/good/point (in) doing sth 做某事没有道理/用处/好处/意义
There is no chance/possibility to do/of doing/that...没有做……的机会/可能性
There is no room left for sth/to do sth 没留……/做某事的余地
　[语境运用] 句子语法填空/翻译句子
There is little doubt 　　　　 we also gain a greater appreciation for the role those plants play in maintaining the balance of our ecosystem.
No one doubts 　　　　 taking care of our green spaces will contribute to a healthier ecosystem.
Some students doubted 　　　　 they would be able to recognise all the plants during the walk.
毫无疑问,他们的表演是高质量的,这使得这场音乐会与现场演出几乎没有什么区别。
毫无疑问,这是一节非常特别的美术课,将会令人难忘。
【答案】 that　 that　 whether　 There is no/little doubt that their performance is of high quality,which makes the concert almost no different from a live one.　 There is no doubt/No one doubts that this is a very special art class,one that will be unforgettable.
[教材原句] There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage,but also costing human lives.
尝试分析:本句是复合句。 为that引导的同位语从句, 为“not only...but also...”连接的两个现在分词短语在句中作结果状语。
自主翻译:确凿、全面的证据表明,温度上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多,不仅造成严重破坏,而且使人丧命。
[语境运用] 情境写作
充分的证据表明,全球气候正在变暖,这不仅造成极地地区大量积雪融化,而且导致一些珍稀的野生动物灭绝。
There is ample evidence that the global climate is getting warmer,not only causing the melting of large quantities of snow in the polar regions,but also leading to the extinction of some precious species of wildlife.
语法微专题3　直接引语和间接引语
An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body,the bear appeared to have starved and died.
Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before,so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food.
　　观察上面的句子,思考“专家所说的话”是直接引语还是间接引语。
一、定义
1.直接引语:当我们引用别人的话语时,如果引用的是原话,被引用的部分叫作直接引语。
The teacher asked,“Do you like English ”
The girl said,“I like English very much.”
引语前常使用逗号,而不是冒号;引号内直接引语的第一个单词的首字母要大写。
2.间接引语:当我们要引用别人的话语时,可以用自己的话把意思转述过来,被转述的部分叫作间接引语。
The teacher asked the girl if she liked English.
The girl said that she liked English very much.
间接引语不用逗号、引号;间接引语要考虑人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语、物主代词和指示代词的变化。
二、直接引语变间接引语时人称的变化
　　直接引语改为间接引语时人称要相应地变化。口诀记为:一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新。“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(I、me、my、mine、we、us、our、ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称(you、your、yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人,如无听话人,可根据上下文确定一个人称)相一致的人称。“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的第三人称(he、him、his、she、her、hers、it、its、they、them、their、theirs)不变。
1.一随主:He said,“I like it very much.”
→He said that he liked it very much.(I改为he,it不变)
2.二随宾:He said,“You told me this story.”
→He said that I had told him that story.(You改为I,me改为him,told改为had told)
3.第三人称不更新:He said to me,“She’s left her book in your room.”
→He told me that she had left her book in my room.(She’s改为she had,her不变,your改为my)
[语境运用] 句型转换
Her colleague said to her,“Who did you ask for a leave ”
→Her colleague asked her who 　　　　 had asked for a leave.
Jack said,“Mary,where were you going when I met you on the bus ”
→Jack asked Mary where 　　　　 was going when 　　　　 met 　　　　 on the bus.
【答案】 she　 she;he;her
三、直接引语变间接引语时时态的变化
1.直接引语变间接引语时,时态需要改变的情况。
当引述动词是一般过去时时,间接引语在时态方面要做相应的变动,总的原则是向过去推一个时态。直接引语变间接引语时,动词时态的相应变化见下表。
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去进行时 过去进行时
过去完成时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
将来进行时 过去将来进行时
将来完成时 过去将来完成时
He said,“I usually watch TV on Sunday.”
→He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.
He said,“I’m using the knife.”
→He said that he was using the knife.
He said,“I came to help you.”
→He said that he had come to help me.
2.直接引语变间接引语时,时态不变的情况。
(1)直接引语如果陈述的是客观事实、真理、谚语、名言警句、习惯性动作,当其变为间接引语时,间接引语中的时态不变。
The teacher said to us,“Light travels much faster than sound.”
→The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.
直接引语是陈述句时,若变为间接引语,主句谓语动词said to sb常改为told sb。
(2)直接引语中有明确表示过去时间的状语(如in 2013等),变间接引语时,时态可以不变。
The girl said,“I was born in Beijing in 2005.”
→The girl said that she was born in Beijing in 2005.
(3)当引述动词是一般现在时、现在完成时或一般将来时时,间接引语中的时态通常不变。
Our teacher has already told us,“Your efforts are sure to pay off.”
→Our teacher has already told us that our efforts are sure to pay off.
[语境运用] 句型转换/句子语法填空
Paul said,“Our team has won the match.”
→Paul said that their team 　　　　　　 the match.
Lucy said,“Since you are busy now,I will call again later.”
→Lucy said that she 　　　　　　 again later 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
The teacher said,“Where there is a will,there is a way.”
→The teacher said that where there 　　　　 a will,there 　　　　　 a way.
I failed again,but my parents encouraged me and told me that failure 　　　　(be) the mother of success.
【答案】 had won　 would call;since I was busy then　 is;is　 is
四、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和方向性动词的相应变化
类型 直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this/these that/those
时间状语 now then
today that day
tonight that night
this week (month...) that week (month...)
yesterday the day before
the day before yesterday two days before
last week (month...) the week (month...) before
two weeks (months...)ago two weeks (months...)before
tomorrow the next/following day
next week (month...) the next/following week(month...)
地点状语 here there
方向性 动词 come go
bring take
The old man said,“I like to talk with these young men.”
→The old man said that he liked to talk with those young men.
She said to me,“I lived here five years ago.”
→She told me she had lived there five years before.
①当直接引语为陈述句,主句为一般过去时时,变成间接引语的“顺口溜”:去掉引号加that,人称变化要灵活,时态向过去推一步,状语变化按规定。
②以上这些变化要视情况而定,不能生搬硬套;如果转述就在当时当地,则时间或地点不需要转换。
　[语境运用] 句型转换
He said,“My sister was here three days ago,but she is not here now.”
→He said that his sister had been 　　　　 three days 　　　　,but she was not 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
Lisa said,“I arrived two days ago.”
→Lisa said that she had arrived 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
“I will come and help you tomorrow,John,” she said.
→She told John that she would 　　　　 and help him 　　　　　　　　.
【答案】 there;before; there then　 two days before　 go; the next day
五、连接词的选择
1.直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时,常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中,that可以省略。
He said,“I was cooking when the earthquake happened.”
→He said (that) he was cooking when the earthquake happened.
She said to me,“I came back an hour ago.”
→She told me (that) she had come back an hour before.
2.直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句,变为间接引语时,变成由whether(“...or...”或“...or not”)或if引导的宾语从句。
He said,“Are you interested in English ”
→He asked (me) whether/if I was interested in English.
直接引语是疑问句时,若变为间接引语,主句谓语动词said常改为asked。
3.直接引语是特殊疑问句,间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导,其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。
“What’s your name ” he asked me.
→He asked me what my name was.
疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时,要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。
　[语境运用] 句型转换
“When will the sports meeting be held ” he said.
→He asked 　　　　 the sports meeting 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
Mary asked John,“Can you come and help me water my flowers ”
→Mary asked John 　　　　 he could go and help her water her flowers.
“Who asked you to say anything What do you know about the business anyway You’ve only been working here for two months,” the boss said to the young boy.
→The boss asked the young boy　　　　 had asked him to say anything and 　　 　　 he knew about the business anyway and he told him 　　　　 he had only been working there for two months.
【答案】 when;would be held　 whether/if　 who;what;(that)
六、祈使句变间接引语
间接引语通常要将祈使句的动词原形变成带to的动词不定式,并在动词不定式前根据句意以及说话者当时的语气及态度加上tell、order、suggest、advise、beg、warn、remind、forbid、offer、recommend、urge等动词。
1.表示命令的祈使句变间接引语时,常采用ask/tell/order sb to do sth的形式。
The teacher said to the students,“Sit down and be quiet.”
→The teacher ordered the students to sit down and be quiet.
2.表示建议、提议的祈使句变间接引语时,常采用suggest doing sth或“suggest+that从句”,advise sb to do sth或“advise+that从句”等形式。注意:suggest/advise后接that从句时,从句使用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用“should +动词原形”的形式,其中should可省略。
“Make good use of your time,” my father said.
→My father advised me to make good use of my time.
→My father advised that I (should) make good use of my time.
3.表示请求的祈使句变间接引语时,常用ask、beg等动词转述。
My daughter said to me,“Please accompany me to the theatre.”
→My daughter begged me to accompany her to the theatre.
4.表示警告或提醒的祈使句变间接引语时,常用warn、remind等动词转述。
Tom said to me,“Don’t forget to buy that book.”
→Tom reminded me not to forget to buy that book.
如果祈使句为否定式,变为间接引语时,在动词不定式前加not。
My father said to me,“Don’t make your mother angry again.”
→My father told me not to make my mother angry again.
　[语境运用] 句型转换
He said,“Please come here again tomorrow.”
→He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 again 　　　　　　　　　.
“You should use more public transportation to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide,” our manager told us.
→Our manager 　　　　　　　　　　　 more public transportation to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide.
【答案】 asked me to go there;the next day
advised us to use/advised that we (should) use
句型转换
1.“Come in and sit down,please!” she said to us.
2.“Don’t be so nervous,John.” one of them said.
3.He said,“I borrowed this dictionary from the library the day before yesterday.”
4.The patient said,“The doctors have discussed the mysterious disease.”
5.Mr Smith said,“Jack is a good workmate.”
6.The girl asked,“Have you seen such a little dog passing by ”
7.The teacher said to the students,“Please bring all the books downstairs up here.”
8.“Why did she refuse to go there ”the teacher asked.
9.He asked us,“How many car factories have been built in your country ”
10.The doctor said,“You should take plenty of water.”
11.The teacher said,“Practice makes perfect.”
12.She said,“What a lovely day it is!”
13.Jack said,“Let’s go to the cinema tonight.”
14.“If I am free I shall write a letter to Jean this evening,” the wounded man said to me.“Will you post this letter for me tomorrow morning ”
【答案】 1.She asked us to come in and sit down.
2.One of them told John not to be so nervous.
3.He said (that) he had borrowed that dictionary from the library two days before.
4.The patient said (that) the doctors had discussed the mysterious disease.
5.Mr Smith said (that) Jack was a good workmate.
6.The girl asked me whether/if I had seen such a little dog passing by.
7.The teacher asked the students to take all the books downstairs up there.
8.The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.
9.He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.
10.The doctor told me that I should take plenty of water.
11.The teacher said (that) practice makes perfect.
12.She said what a lovely day it was.
13.Jack suggested that we (should) go to the cinema that night./ Jack suggested our going to the cinema that night.
14.The wounded man told me if he was free he would write a letter to Jean that evening,and asked me whether/if I would post that letter for him the following morning.Using Language,Assessing Your Progress,Video Time
写作词汇
1.smog　　　　 n.烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)
2.enterprise n.公司;企业;事业
3.dozen n.(一)打;十二个
4.fine vt.对……处以罚款
5.campaign n.运动;战役
vi.& vt.参加运动;领导运动
阅读词汇
1.volume　　　 n.量;体积;(成套书籍中的)一卷
2.garbage n.垃圾;废物
3.waterway n.水道;航道
4.agenda n.议程表;议事日程
拓展词汇
1.originate vi.& vt.起源;发源;创立→origin n.起源;开端→original adj.原先的;最初的 n.原件;原作→originally adv.起初;原来
2.restore vt.恢复;使复原;修复→restoration n.恢复;复原;修复
3.conservation n.(对环境、文物等)保护;保持→conservative adj.保守的;因循守旧的→conserve vt.保护;保存
4.regulation n.章程;规章制度→regulate vt.调节;控制→regulator n.监管者;监管机构;自动调
节器
5.disposal n.去掉;清除;处理→dispose vt.处理;处置;安排
6.inspection n.检查;查看;视察→inspect vt.视察;检查→inspector n.检查员
7.tolerate vt.忍受;包容;容许→tolerant adj.宽容的;容忍的→tolerance n.容忍;宽容
重点词块
1.have negative effects on　　　　　　　　对……有负面影响
2.suffer from 遭受……之苦;患……病
3.on board 在船(火车、飞机)上
4.as well as 和;也;除……之外
5.end up 最终成为;最后处于
6.dozens of 许多;很多
7.carry out 执行;贯彻;完成
8.in addition 此外;而且
9.be responsible for 对……负责
10.in effect 生效;实际上
重点句型
1.Previously,water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists,many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river.(“数词+of+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句)
以往,漓江的水质因游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏,一些游客频繁将垃圾扔入江中。
2.These chemicals led to severe water quality issues,causing a decrease in the number of fish species.(现在分词短语作结果状语)
这些化学物质造成了严重的水质问题,导致鱼的种类减少。
3.Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river’s original beauty.(that引导宾语从句)
地方官员担心水污染对自然环境的破坏,认为必须采取紧急措施以恢复漓江昔日的美丽。
4.With these measures,it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.(it作形式主语)
有了这些举措,相信漓江之美将得到保护并世代相传。
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与自然——环境保护。
2.语篇类型:水污染治理报告——应用文体。
3.课文内容分析:
这是一篇广西漓江水污染治理的报告。位于广西壮族自治区的漓江风景区是著名的旅游胜地。但是,繁荣的旅游业给漓江水质带来了负面影响。面对漓江水污染问题,地方政府紧急行动起来,采取了大量的综合治理措施来恢复漓江的本来面貌。这些措施使漓江水质得到了恢复。阅读本文有利于学生了解水污染形成的原因和治理措施,理解环保的作用和意义,并培养学生的环保意识。
多维解读·浅析结构
【答案】 1.pollution　2.chemicals　3.waste　4.construction　5.moved　6.regulations　7.fine
精研细读·深层理解
( )1.What can we know about the Li River from Paragraph 1
[A]It is the most famous tourist destination in China.
[B]Millions of visitors come to visit it from home and abroad every year.
[C]The water there is dirty all the time.
[D]There are no efficient solutions to the water pollution.
( )2.What can we learn from the last two paragraphs
[A]People can do nothing to reduce water pollution in the Li River.
[B]Tourists are not allowed to visit the Li River.
[C]The local authorities never inspect the Li River.
[D]Some measures have been taken to reduce water pollution in the Li River.
( )3.What’s the main idea of the text
[A]Some tourists’ improper behaviours are polluting the water in the Li River.
[B]What has caused water pollution and what measures have been taken to deal with the water pollution.
[C]Some enterprises are pouring waste water into the Li River.
[D]The number of fish species in the Li River is on the decrease.
( )4.What does the author think of the measures that have been taken
[A]Effective. [B]Harmless.
[C]Useless. [D]Unfocused.
( )5.Where might the passage come from
[A]A novel. [B]A tourist brochure.
[C]A daily newspaper. [D]A science fiction.
【答案】 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.C
1.restore vt.恢复;使复原;修复
·restoration n.恢复;复原;修复
[教材原句] Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river’s original beauty.
地方官员担心水污染对自然环境的破坏,认为必须采取紧急措施以恢复漓江昔日的美丽。
例　 (读后续写之环境描写)The peaceful lake,once damaged by pollution,has now been restored to its crystal-clear state.
这个曾经被污染破坏的平静的湖泊现在已经恢复了清澈的状态。
例　 The treatment helped restore her to her full strength,allowing her to restart her daily activities.
这种治疗帮助她恢复了全部的体力,使她能够重新开始日常活动。
restore sb to health 使某人康复 restore sb/sth to...使某人/物复原成……;使某人/物复位到…… restore sth to...把某物归还给……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/翻译句子
The ancient temple is under 　　　　(restore) to preserve its historical value.
The workers carefully restored the painting 　　　　 its previous condition after the damage.
丢失的文件被归还原主。
【答案】 restoration　 to　 The lost documents were restored to their original owner.
2.dozen n.(一)打;十二个
[教材原句] Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved.
几十家污染企业被关闭或转移。
例　The assistant ordered three dozen bottles of water for the guests.
助理为客人订购了三打瓶装水。
例　There are dozens of books on the shelf.
书架上有许多书。
例　He ordered a dozen of their best red roses.
他订购了12朵他们那儿最好的红玫瑰。
dozens of+可数名词复数 许多;很多(作主语时,谓语动词用复数) 基数词/several/many+dozen+可数名词复数 几十/数十个…… a dozen+可数名词复数 一打/十二个……;十来个…… in dozens=by the dozen 大量地;大批地
①dozen和hundred、thousand等一样,其前有基数词或a/many/some/a few等具有数字意义的词语时,dozen用单数形式。
②表示“部分与整体”关系时,dozen后需加of,且of后面多是一个加有限定词(如these、those、the、my、名词所有格等)的复数名词或代词。
Two dozen students take part in the game.
二十多名学生参加这场比赛。
Two dozen of my classmates take part in the game.
我的同学中有二十多人参加这场比赛。
　[语境运用] 句子语法填空/句型转换
He bought three 　　　　(dozen) of oranges for the party.
She went to the store and picked dozens 　　　　 flowers for the wedding.
The children were grouped 　　　　 the dozen for the game.
Our teacher told us 24 of us had finished the project.
→Our teacher told us 　　　　　　　　 of us had finished the project.
I have too many tasks to do,so I can’t go out tonight.
→With 　　　　　　　　 tasks to do,I can’t go out tonight.
【答案】 dozen　 of　 by　 two dozen　 dozens of
3.disposal n.去掉;清除;处理
·dispose vt.处理;处置;安排
[教材原句] New rules were also introduced regarding tour boat routes and garbage disposal methods.
同时也出台了关于游船路线和垃圾处理方法的新规定。
例　 (话题写作之活动介绍)The exhibition offers various paper-cutting patterns at your disposal to imitate and try.
展览提供各种剪纸图案供您随意模仿和尝试。
例　 They did us a great favour by disposing of the broken equipment.
他们把那些坏掉的设备处理掉了,帮了我们一个大忙。
·waste disposal 废物处理 at one’s disposal 任某人处理/支配/使用 ·dispose of 应付;处理;解决;除掉 dispose sb to/towards sth 使倾向于;使有意于;使易于
　[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The new policy has greatly disposed 　　　　 many of the concerns people had.
The government is focusing on the safe 　　　　(dispose) of medical waste.
You should make full use of the resources 　　　　 your disposal.
How do you 　　　　　　　　(处理) the harmful materials in your company
【答案】 of　 disposal　 at　 dispose of
4.inspection n.检查;查看;视察
·inspect vt.视察;检查
·inspector n.检查员
[教材原句] At the same time,they started to carry out inspections regularly and fine tourist organisations for abuses.
与此同时,他们开始定期检查,并且对旅游机构的违规行为进行处罚。
例　 On closer inspection,many new problems arose.
经进一步检查,发现很多新的问题出现了。
例　 These books are available for inspection here but can’t be borrowed from the library.
这些书可在此查阅,但不能从图书馆借阅。
·on closer inspection经进一步检查 for inspection供查看 a tour of inspection巡视 ·inspect sb /sth for...检查某人/某物看看有没有……
　[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
To ensure safety,regular 　　　　(inspect) are conducted in our school dining hall.
Would you mind pointing out your luggage 　　　　 inspection
经进一步检查发现这些门都需要修理了。
All of the doors require repairing 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
在上交试卷之前,你最好检查一下,看看有没有拼写错误。
Before handing in the paper,you’d better 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
【答案】 inspections　 for　 on closer inspection　 inspect it for spelling mistakes
5.tolerate vt.忍受;包容;容许
·tolerant adj.宽容的;容忍的
·tolerance n.容忍;宽容
[教材原句] The villagers could no longer tolerate the situation.
村民们再也不能忍受这种情况了。
例　 (2023·全国甲卷)So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate,and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone,we get impatient about the circumstances.
我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态,当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时,我们会对环境失去耐心。
例　 We don’t tolerate shouting in the library.
我们不容许在图书馆里大声喊叫。
·tolerate (sb/sb’s) doing sth 容忍(某人)做某事 ·be tolerant of/towards sb/sth 忍受/宽容某人/某事 ·have no tolerance of/ for sb/sth 不能容忍某人/某事 show tolerance to/towards sb 容忍某人
tolerate作“忍受”讲时,常与can、could连用,用于疑问句或否定句中,近义词有bear、stand、endure、put up with等。注意:tolerate、stand后只接动词-ing形式作宾语;bear、endure后可接动词-ing 和动词不定式两种形式作宾语。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The school fosters a 　　　　(tolerate) learning environment where students are encouraged to express their opinions freely.
　　　　(tolerate) consists in respecting the opinions of others.
Our society should be more tolerant 　　　　 different cultures and lifestyles.
她不会容忍她的儿子在下次的物理考试中犯同样的错误。
She won’t 　 in the physics test next time.
【答案】 tolerant　 Tolerance　 of/towards
tolerate/stand/bear her son making the same mistakes
I have no tolerance of what he said at the meeting even though I can tolerate his bad temper.
Perhaps we need to be tolerant of different points of view.
尽管我可以容忍他的坏脾气,我不能容忍他在会议上说的话。也许我们需要包容不同的观点。
“名词/代词/数词+of+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句
[教材原句] Previously,water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists,many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river.
以往,漓江的水质因游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏,一些游客频繁将垃圾扔入江中。
例 Besides,working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students,many of whom have emotional control issues.
此外,在花园里工作似乎对贾拉米洛的特殊教育学生有镇静作用,他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。
例 Her sons,both of whom work abroad,ring her every week.
她的两个儿子都在国外工作,他们每周都给她打电话。
[归纳拓展]
“名词/代词/数词+of+whom/which”引导的非限制性定语从句可转变为“逻辑主语(名词/代词/数词+of+代词)+分词/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语”独立主格结构,该结构在句中作表示方式或伴随等情况的状语。
[语境运用] 完成句子
许多年轻人,绝大多数受过良好教育,决心投身于环保事业。
Many young people,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,have been determined to devote themselves to environmental protection.
这些孩子,许多生活在乡村,渴望了解更多关于环境保护的知识。
These children,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in the countryside,are eager to learn more about environmental conservation.
这个活动的参与者将得到令人惊喜的礼物,这些礼物都是由可回收利用材料制成的。
The participants in the activity will be presented with amazing gifts,　　　　　　　　　　　　　
from recyclable materials.
最近我们学校举办了一系列的活动,这些活动都旨在提高学生们的环保意识。
Recently,a series of activities have been held in our school,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
raising students’ environmental awareness.
【答案】 most of whom are well-educated/most of them well-educated　 many of whom live/many of them living　 all of which are made/all of them made　 all of which are aimed at/all of them aimed at
it作形式主语
[教材原句] With these measures,it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.
有了这些举措,相信漓江之美将得到保护并世代相传。
例 It is reported that many a new house is being built at present in the disaster area.
据报道,目前许多新房子正在灾区修建。
例 It is believed that the tradition of exchanging gifts during the holiday season can strengthen relationships between people.
人们相信,节日期间互赠礼物的传统可以增强人与人之间的关系。
例 It’s a pity that we missed the opportunity to plant more trees last spring.
去年春天我们错过了种更多树的机会,真可惜。
[归纳拓展]
①在“It is essential/necessary/...that...”或者“It is suggested/demanded/required/...that...”等结构中,从句的谓语应用“should+动词原形”的形式,其中should 可以省略。
②“It+be+过去分词+that...”结构可改写为“sb+be+过去分词+to do sth”结构。其中不定式根据情况有时态的变化。根据句意可有一般式(to do)、进行式(to be doing)和完成式(to have done)三种形式。
　[语境运用] 翻译句子
人们相信早睡早起有助于保持良好的健康状况。
据说这座桥已经通过了严格的安全检查。
学生们必须为他们的未来做好充分的准备。
他突然想起来第二天上午他要参加一个重要会议。
【答案】 It is believed that going to bed early and getting up early helps maintain/keep good health.　 It is said that the bridge has passed a strict safety inspection.　 It is essential that students (should) get well prepared for their future.　 It suddenly occurred to/struck/hit him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.
[教材原句] Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river’s original beauty.
尝试分析:本句是主从复合句。 和 都为that引导的宾语从句, 为动词不定式短语作目的
状语。
自主翻译:地方官员担心水污染对自然环境的破坏,认为必须采取紧急措施以恢复漓江昔日的美丽。
　[语境运用] 情境写作
我担心我在夏季登山时没有得到很好的保护,觉得应该采取一些措施来防止晒伤。
I was concerned that I was not well protected during the summer climbing and felt that some measures should be taken to keep me from the sunburn.
写作微专题3　Write a report on an environmental issue
1.文体类型:报告;属于应用文范畴。
2.要点内容:
(1)漓江存在的水污染问题;
(2)减少水污染所采取的措施。
[思路指引]
1.首段常用句式。
The place/city is known/famous for its beautiful scenery.
The report/article discusses the issue of...
As we all know,...has become a major environmental concern.
With...becoming more and more serious,some wild species...
With the development of society,nowadays the issue of...is becoming increasingly severe.
2.中段常用句式。
To address/tackle the problem,our government has taken...
Firstly,...;Secondly,...;Then/Besides/Moreover,...
Not only did they...,but they also...
They tried to raise/arouse people’s awareness of...
More green spaces have been created to...
It’s time to educate the public about the importance of...
Immediate actions need to be taken to address the pollution problem.
3.尾段常用句式。
All in all,Earth is the common home of mankind.
Let’s spare no effort to make contributions to...
It is believed that...
In conclusion,the environment is the shared responsibility of all people.
Ultimately,education is the key to...
In short,every individual has a role to play in...
To sum up,we must work together to...
　　假设你是李华,请你根据以下要点,用英语写一篇关于你的家乡的环境调查报告。
1.我的家乡以前环境优美宜居;
2.遭受了污染,比如出现垃圾到处乱扔及废气被排放到空气中等问题;
3.政府采取一系列措施;
4.表达希望。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　 n.排放物;散发物;排放
2.　　　　 vt.& n.排放;释放;发布
3.　　　　 adj.适合居住的
4.　　　　 vt.限制;限定;束缚
5.　　　　 vt.抓住;夺取;控制
6.　　　　 adj.和谐的
7.　　　　 n.量;体积;(成套书籍中的) 一卷
8.　　　　 n.垃圾;废物
9.　　　　 n.公司;企业;事业
10.　　　 许多;很多
11.　　　 最终成为;最后处于
【答案】 1.emission　2.release　3.habitable 4.restrict　5.seize　6.harmonious
7.volume　8.garbage　9.enterprise 10.dozens of　11.end up
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.我的家乡曾经是一个美丽的地方,宜居且和谐。每年都有许多游客来这里观光。
My hometown used to be a beautiful place,　　　　　　　　　　　　.Every year,many tourists come here for sightseeing.
2.不幸的是,人们到处乱扔垃圾。垃圾发出可怕的气味。
Unfortunately,people 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.It gave off a terrible smell.
3.此外,随着越来越多的企业成立,数百万吨的废气被排放到空气中。
Besides,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,millions of tons of waste air
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the air.
4.同样令人遗憾的是,商业垃圾最终进入河流,并造成水污染。
It was also a pity that commercial waste 　　　　　　　　 in the river and caused water pollution.
5.现在,当地政府已经意识到这一危险的形势。已经通过数十项法规来限制温室气体排放和减少垃圾污染。
Now,the local government has realised the dangerous situation.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 have been passed to 　　　　 greenhouse gas emissions and reduce garbage pollution.
6.此外,地方当局抓住一切机会向公众宣传环境保护。
In addition,the local authorities 　　　　　　　　　　　　 to educate the public about environmental protection.
7.有了这些举措,相信我们的家乡会变得更美。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,we believe that our hometown will become more beautiful.
【答案】 1.habitable and harmonious　2.threw garbage everywhere　3.with an increasing volume of enterprises set up;were released into　4.ended up　5.Dozens of regulations; restrict　6.seize every opportunity　7.With these measures
1.将第2句用定语从句进行改写升级。
2.将第4句用现在分词短语作结果状语进行改写升级。
3.将第7句用it作形式主语进行改写升级。
【答案】 1.Unfortunately,people threw garbage everywhere,which gave off a terrible smell.
2.It was also a pity that commercial waste ended up in the river,causing water pollution.
3.With these measures,it is believed that our hometown will become more beautiful.
　　My hometown used to be a beautiful place,habitable and harmonious.Every year,many tourists come here for sightseeing.
Unfortunately,people threw garbage everywhere,which gave off a terrible smell.Besides,with an increasing volume of enterprises set up,millions of tons of waste air were released into the air.It was also a pity that commercial waste ended up in the river,causing water pollution.
Now,the local government has realised the dangerous situation.Dozens of regulations have been passed to restrict greenhouse gas emissions and reduce garbage pollution.In addition,the local authorities seize every opportunity to educate the public about environmental protection.
With these measures,it is believed that our hometown will become more beautiful.
　　6月5日是世界环境日(World Environment Day)。作为中学生,我们应该为环境保护贡献自己的一份力量。请以“How to Protect the Environment”为主题写一篇报告,就目前环境存在的问题谈谈你的看法和建议。内容包括:
1.目前环境存在的问题;
2.作为中学生应该采取的措施(至少三条);
3.对未来的积极展望。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
　　One possible version:
　　As we all know,5 June is the World Environment Day,and as high school students,we should contribute to environmental protection.
First of all,at present,auto tail gas pollution is very serious,and we’d better take public transport or ride a bike.In addition,plastic pollution is also severe,and what we can help is to buy glass-bottled water rather than buying plastic-bottled water.Finally,saving water is also one of the effective ways to protect the environment.When we don’t use tap water,we should turn off the tap immediately instead of keeping the water running all the time.
I believe that starting from the small things around us,we will have a great impact on the environment.
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写 微技能之“点” 情感/ 人物描写 shock adj.吃惊的;震惊的　sensitive adj.敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的　concerned adj.担心的;焦急的　ambitious adj.有抱负的;野心勃勃的　responsible adj.负责的
动作描写 sustain vt.维持;遭受;承受住　restrict vt.限制;限定;束缚　seize vt.抓住;夺取;控制　undergo vt.经历;经受(变化、不快等)　implement vt.使生效;贯彻;执行　attract v.吸引;引起　tolerate vt.忍受;包容;容许　in response to 回答;答复　suffer from 遭受　contribute to 有助于;促成
环境描写 beautiful adj.美丽的　amazing adj.惊人的;了不起的　climate change 气候变化　extreme weather 极端天气　natural disasters 自然灾害　
读后续写 微技能之“线” There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate.(叙述性描写) In 2013,a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard.(情感描写) Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.(动作描写) It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming,along with its causes and impacts,because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.(主旨升华句) The beautiful Li River and its amazing surrounding scenery is one of the most well-known tourist destinations in China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.(环境描写) Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river’s original beauty.(情感描写) With such campaigns in effect,China’s waterways are heading towards a clean and sustainable future.(结尾总结句)
读后续写 微技能之“面” 读后续写——环境保护 　　去年夏天,由于气候变化和人类活动,我们的家乡遭受了极端天气。洪水毁坏了房屋和道路,许多人忧心忡忡。地方当局怀着保护环境的雄心壮志,立即实施了一系列措施。他们限制工业污染,并抓住机会向公众开展教育。人们对环境问题变得更加敏感,积极为恢复工作做出贡献。看到大家在应对危机时如此团结一心,真是令人惊叹。 Last summer,our hometown 1.　　　　　　 　　 extreme weather due to climate change and human activity.Many people 2.　　　　　　　　 as the floods damaged houses and roads.The local authorities,ambitious to protect the environment,immediately 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.They restricted industrial pollution and 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　 to educate the public.People became more sensitive to environmental issues and actively 5.　　　　　　　　 the restoration work.It was amazing to see how everyone united 6.　　　　　　　　 the crisis. 【答案】 1.suffered from　2.were concerned　3.implemented a series of measures 4.seized the opportunity　5.contributed to　6.in response to
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿;饿死→starvation n.饥饿;饿死;挨饿
2.ecology n.生态;生态学→ecological adj.生态的;生态学的→ecologist n.生态学家;生态保护
论者
3.habitable adj.适合居住的→habitat n.生长地;栖息地
4.sustain vt.维持;遭受;承受住→sustainable adj.可持续的;合理利用的
5.frequently adv.频繁地;经常→frequent adj.频繁的;时常发生的;惯常的→frequency n.频率;
频繁
6.restrict vt.限制;限定;束缚→restriction n.限制规定;限制法规;约束→restrictive adj.限制(性)的;约束(性)的
7.harmonious adj.和谐的→harmony n.协调;和睦;融洽
8.submit vt.& vi.提交;呈递;屈服→submission n.提交(物);屈服;服从→submissive adj.顺从的;服从的;恭顺的
9.annual adj.每年的;一年的 n.年刊;年鉴→annually adv.一年一次地
10.sensitive adj.敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的→sense n.感觉;意识;判断力 vt.意识到→sensible adj.明智的;合理的
11.originate vi.& vt.起源;发源;创立→origin n.起源;开端→original adj.原先的;最初的 n.原件;原作→originally adv.起初;原来
12.restore vt.恢复;使复原;修复→restoration n.恢复;复原;修复
13.conservation n.(对环境、文物等)保护;保持→conservative adj.保守的;因循守旧的→conserve vt.保护;保存
14.disposal n.去掉;清除;处理→dispose vt.处理;处置;安排
15.inspection n.检查;查看;视察→inspect vt.视察;检查→inspector n.检查员
16.tolerate vt.忍受;包容;容许→tolerant adj.宽容的;容忍的→tolerance n.容忍;宽容
Ⅱ.重点词块
1.be shocked by...　　　　　 被……震惊
2.in order to 目的是;为了
3.have an impact on... 对……产生影响
4.refer to 指的是;提到;参考;涉及
5.huge amounts of 大量的
6.be trapped in 被困在;陷入(困境)
7.lead to 导致
8.take actions 采取行动
9.result in 导致
10.take/be responsibility for 对……负责
11.on behalf of 代表(代替)某人
12.have negative effects on 对……有负面影响
13.suffer from 遭受……之苦;
患……病
14.on board 在船(火车、飞机)上
15.as well as 和;也;除……之外
16.end up 最终成为;最后处于
17.dozens of 许多;很多
18.carry out 执行;贯彻;完成
19.in addition 此外;而且
20.in effect 生效;实际上
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.There is no/little doubt that...
There is little doubt that(毫无疑问) Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).
句式仿写
There is no/little doubt that the development of science and technology makes our lives more and more convenient.(毫无疑问,科技的发展让我们的生活变得越来越方便。)
2.含蓄虚拟条件句
Without this process,Earth could not sustain life.(如果没有这一过程,地球就无法维系生命。)
句式仿写
Without his help, we couldn’t have solved the problem so easily.(没有他的帮助,我们不可能这么轻松地解决这个问题。)
3.现在分词短语作结果状语
There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide,not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives (不仅造成严重破坏,而且使人丧命).
句式仿写
The destruction of wetlands has been going on for decades,causing a decrease in biodiversity (导致生物多样性的减少).
4.现在分词短语作后置定语
It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming,along with its causes and impacts,because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet(影响到地球上的所有人).
句式仿写
The volunteers working on environmental protection projects (从事环境保护项目工作) are from all over the world.
5.“数词+of+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句
Previously,water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists,many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river (一些游客频繁将垃圾扔入江中).
句式仿写
There are fifty employees in this factory,most of whom are young (他们绝大多数是年轻人).
6.it作形式主语
With these measures,it is believed that(人们相信) the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.
句式仿写
It is believed that there is nothing that can’t be solved in our lives if we try to find a solution.(人们相信,在生活中,只要我们尝试找到解决方法,没有什么是解决不了的。)(共104张PPT)
Part 2
Using Language,Assessing Your Progress,Video Time
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. 　　　　 n.烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)
2. n.公司;企业;事业
3. n.(一)打;十二个
4. vt.对……处以罚款
5. n.运动;战役
vi.& vt.参加运动;领导运动
写作词汇
smog
enterprise
dozen
fine
campaign
1.volume　　　 n.
2.garbage n.
3.waterway n.
4.agenda n.
阅读词汇
量;体积;(成套书籍中的)一卷
垃圾;废物
水道;航道
议程表;议事日程
拓展词汇
1. vi.& vt.起源;发源;创立→origin n.起源;开端→original adj.原先的;最初的 n.原件;原作→originally adv.起初;原来
2. vt.恢复;使复原;修复→restoration n.恢复;复原;修复
3. n.(对环境、文物等)保护;保持→conservative adj.保守的;因循守旧的→conserve vt.保护;保存
originate
restore
conservation
4. n.章程;规章制度→regulate vt.调节;控制→regulator n.监管者;监管机构;自动调节器
5. n.去掉;清除;处理→dispose vt.处理;处置;安排
6. n.检查;查看;视察→inspect vt.视察;检查→inspector n.检查员
7. vt.忍受;包容;容许→tolerant adj.宽容的;容忍的→tolerance n.容忍;宽容
regulation
disposal
inspection
tolerate
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.have negative effects on　　
2.suffer from
3.on board
4.as well as
5.end up
6.dozens of
对……有负面影响
遭受……之苦;患……病
在船(火车、飞机)上
和;也;除……之外
最终成为;最后处于
许多;很多
7.carry out
8.in addition
9.be responsible for
10.in effect
执行;贯彻;完成
此外;而且
对……负责
生效;实际上
重点句型
1.Previously,water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists,
.(“数词+of+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句)
以往,漓江的水质因游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏,一些游客频繁将垃圾扔入江中。
many of whom frequently threw garbage
into the river
2.These chemicals led to severe water quality issues,
.(现在分词短语作结果状语)
这些化学物质造成了严重的水质问题,导致鱼的种类减少。
causing a decrease in
the number of fish species
3.Local officials were concerned
and felt
.(that引导宾语从句)
地方官员担心水污染对自然环境的破坏,认为必须采取紧急措施以恢复漓江昔日的美丽。
that the pollution was damaging the natural
environment
that urgent steps should be taken to restore the
river’s original beauty
4.With these measures, the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.(it作形式主语)
有了这些举措,相信漓江之美将得到保护并世代相传。
it is believed that
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与自然——环境保护。
2.语篇类型:水污染治理报告——应用文体。
3.课文内容分析:
这是一篇广西漓江水污染治理的报告。位于广西壮族自治区的漓江风景区是著名的旅游胜地。但是,繁荣的旅游业给漓江水质带来了负面影响。面对漓江水污染问题,地方政府紧急行动起来,采取了大量的综合治理措施来恢复漓江的本来面貌。这些措施使漓江水质得到了恢复。阅读本文有利于学生了解水污染形成的原因和治理措施,理解环保的作用和意义,并培养学生的环保意识。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
pollution
chemicals
waste
construction
moved
regulations　
fine
精研细读·深层理解
▲
( )1.What can we know about the Li River from Paragraph 1
[A]It is the most famous tourist destination in China.
[B]Millions of visitors come to visit it from home and abroad every year.
[C]The water there is dirty all the time.
[D]There are no efficient solutions to the water pollution.
B
( )2.What can we learn from the last two paragraphs
[A]People can do nothing to reduce water pollution in the Li River.
[B]Tourists are not allowed to visit the Li River.
[C]The local authorities never inspect the Li River.
[D]Some measures have been taken to reduce water pollution in the Li River.
D
( )3.What’s the main idea of the text
[A]Some tourists’ improper behaviours are polluting the water in the Li River.
[B]What has caused water pollution and what measures have been taken to deal with the water pollution.
[C]Some enterprises are pouring waste water into the Li River.
[D]The number of fish species in the Li River is on the decrease.
B
( )4.What does the author think of the measures that have been taken
[A]Effective.
[B]Harmless.
[C]Useless.
[D]Unfocused.
A
( )5.Where might the passage come from
[A]A novel.
[B]A tourist brochure.
[C]A daily newspaper.
[D]A science fiction.
C
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.restore vt.恢复;使复原;修复
·restoration n.恢复;复原;修复
[教材原句] Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river’s original beauty.
地方官员担心水污染对自然环境的破坏,认为必须采取紧急措施以恢复漓江昔日的美丽。
例　 (读后续写之环境描写)The peaceful lake,once damaged by pollution,
has now been restored to its crystal-clear state.
这个曾经被污染破坏的平静的湖泊现在已经恢复了清澈的状态。
restore sb/sth to...使某人/物复原成……;使某人/物复位到……
例　 The treatment helped restore her to her full strength,allowing her to restart her daily activities.
这种治疗帮助她恢复了全部的体力,使她能够重新开始日常活动。
restore sb/sth to...使某人/物复原成……;使某人/物复位到……
归纳拓展
restore sb to health 使某人康复
restore sb/sth to...使某人/物复原成……;使某人/物复位到……
restore sth to...把某物归还给……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/翻译句子
The ancient temple is under 　　 　　(restore) to preserve its historical value.
The workers carefully restored the painting 　　　　 its previous condition after the damage.
丢失的文件被归还原主。
restoration
to
The lost documents were restored to their original owner.
[教材原句] Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved.
几十家污染企业被关闭或转移。
例　The assistant ordered three dozen bottles of water for the guests.
助理为客人订购了三打瓶装水。
2.dozen n.(一)打;十二个
例　There are dozens of books on the shelf.
书架上有许多书。
例　He ordered a dozen of their best red roses.
他订购了12朵他们那儿最好的红玫瑰。
dozens of+可数名词复数 许多;很多(作主语时,谓语动词用复数)
归纳拓展
dozens of+可数名词复数 许多;很多(作主语时,谓语动词用
复数)
基数词/several/many+dozen+可数名词复数 几十/数十个……
a dozen+可数名词复数 一打/十二个……;十来个……
in dozens=by the dozen 大量地;大批地
①dozen和hundred、thousand等一样,其前有基数词或a/many/some/a few等具有数字意义的词语时,dozen用单数形式。
②表示“部分与整体”关系时,dozen后需加of,且of后面多是一个加有限定词(如these、those、the、my、名词所有格等)的复数名词或代词。
Two dozen students take part in the game.
二十多名学生参加这场比赛。
Two dozen of my classmates take part in the game.
我的同学中有二十多人参加这场比赛。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/句型转换
He bought three 　　　　(dozen) of oranges for the party.
She went to the store and picked dozens 　　　　 flowers for the wedding.
The children were grouped 　　　　 the dozen for the game.
dozen
of
by
Our teacher told us 24 of us had finished the project.
→Our teacher told us 　　　　　　　　 of us had finished the project.
I have too many tasks to do,so I can’t go out tonight.
→With 　　　　　　　　 tasks to do,I can’t go out tonight.
two dozen
dozens of
·dispose vt.处理;处置;安排
[教材原句] New rules were also introduced regarding tour boat routes and garbage disposal methods.
同时也出台了关于游船路线和垃圾处理方法的新规定。
3.disposal n.去掉;清除;处理
例　 (话题写作之活动介绍)The exhibition offers various paper-cutting patterns at your disposal to imitate and try.
展览提供各种剪纸图案供您随意模仿和尝试。
at one’s disposal 任某人处理/支配/使用
例　 They did us a great favour by disposing of the broken equipment.
他们把那些坏掉的设备处理掉了,帮了我们一个大忙。
dispose of 应付;处理;解决;除掉
归纳拓展
·waste disposal 废物处理
at one’s disposal 任某人处理/支配/使用
·dispose of 应付;处理;解决;除掉
dispose sb to/towards sth 使倾向于;使有意于;使易于
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The new policy has greatly disposed 　　　　 many of the concerns people had.
The government is focusing on the safe 　　　 　(dispose) of medical waste.
You should make full use of the resources 　　　 　 your disposal.
How do you 　　　　　　　　(处理) the harmful materials in your company
of
disposal
at
dispose of
·inspect vt.视察;检查
·inspector n.检查员
[教材原句] At the same time,they started to carry out inspections regularly and fine tourist organisations for abuses.
与此同时,他们开始定期检查,并且对旅游机构的违规行为进行处罚。
4.inspection n.检查;查看;视察
例　 On closer inspection,many new problems arose.
经进一步检查,发现很多新的问题出现了。
on closer inspection经进一步检查
例　 These books are available for inspection here but can’t be borrowed from the library.
这些书可在此查阅,但不能从图书馆借阅。
for inspection供查看
归纳拓展
·on closer inspection经进一步检查
for inspection供查看
a tour of inspection巡视
·inspect sb /sth for...检查某人/某物看看有没有……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
To ensure safety,regular 　　 　　(inspect) are conducted in our school dining hall.
Would you mind pointing out your luggage 　　　　 inspection
经进一步检查发现这些门都需要修理了。
All of the doors require repairing 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
在上交试卷之前,你最好检查一下,看看有没有拼写错误。
Before handing in the paper,you’d better 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
inspections
for　
on closer inspection
inspect it for spelling mistakes
·tolerant adj.宽容的;容忍的
·tolerance n.容忍;宽容
[教材原句] The villagers could no longer tolerate the situation.
村民们再也不能忍受这种情况了。
5.tolerate vt.忍受;包容;容许
例　 (2023·全国甲卷)So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate,and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone,we get impatient about the circumstances.
我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态,当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时,我们会对环境失去耐心。
例　 We don’t tolerate shouting in the library.
我们不容许在图书馆里大声喊叫。
tolerate (sb/sb’s) doing sth 容忍(某人)做某事
归纳拓展
·tolerate (sb/sb’s) doing sth 容忍(某人)做某事
·be tolerant of/towards sb/sth 忍受/宽容某人/某事
·have no tolerance of/ for sb/sth 不能容忍某人/某事
show tolerance to/towards sb 容忍某人
tolerate作“忍受”讲时,常与can、could连用,用于疑问句或否定句中,近义词有bear、stand、endure、put up with等。注意:tolerate、stand后只接动词-ing形式作宾语;bear、endure后可接动词-ing 和动词不定式两种形式作宾语。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The school fosters a 　　　　(tolerate) learning environment where students are encouraged to express their opinions freely.
　　　 　(tolerate) consists in respecting the opinions of others.
Our society should be more tolerant 　 　　　 different cultures and lifestyles.
她不会容忍她的儿子在下次的物理考试中犯同样的错误。
She won’t 　 in the physics test next time.
tolerant
Tolerance
of/towards
tolerate/stand/bear her son making the same mistakes
I have no tolerance of what he said at the meeting even though I can tolerate his bad temper.Perhaps we need to be tolerant of different points of view.
尽管我可以容忍他的坏脾气,我不能容忍他在会议上说的话。也许我们需要包容不同的观点。
语
境
串
词
重点句式
“名词/代词/数词+of+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句
▲
[教材原句] Previously,water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists,many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river.
以往,漓江的水质因游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏,一些游客频繁将垃圾扔入江中。
例Besides,working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students,many of whom have emotional control issues.
此外,在花园里工作似乎对贾拉米洛的特殊教育学生有镇静作用,他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。
例 Her sons,both of whom work abroad,ring her every week.
她的两个儿子都在国外工作,他们每周都给她打电话。
[归纳拓展]
“名词/代词/数词+of+whom/which”引导的非限制性定语从句可转变为“逻辑主语(名词/代词/数词+of+代词)+分词/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语”独立主格结构,该结构在句中作表示方式或伴随等情况的状语。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 完成句子
许多年轻人,绝大多数受过良好教育,决心投身于环保事业。
Many young people,
　　　　　　 　 ,have been determined to devote themselves to environmental protection.
这些孩子,许多生活在乡村,渴望了解更多关于环境保护的知识。
These children,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 in the countryside,are eager to learn more about environmental conservation.
most of whom are well-educated/most of them
well-educated
many of whom live/many of them living
这个活动的参与者将得到令人惊喜的礼物,这些礼物都是由可回收利用材料制成的。
The participants in the activity will be presented with amazing gifts,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 from recyclable materials.
最近我们学校举办了一系列的活动,这些活动都旨在提高学生们的环保意识。
Recently,a series of activities have been held in our school,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 raising students’ environmental awareness.
all of which are made/all of them made
are aimed at/all of them aimed at
all of which
it作形式主语
▲
[教材原句] With these measures,it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.
有了这些举措,相信漓江之美将得到保护并世代相传。
例 It is reported that many a new house is being built at present in the disaster area.
据报道,目前许多新房子正在灾区修建。
例 It is believed that the tradition of exchanging gifts during the holiday season can strengthen relationships between people.
人们相信,节日期间互赠礼物的传统可以增强人与人之间的关系。
例 It’s a pity that we missed the opportunity to plant more trees last spring.
去年春天我们错过了种更多树的机会,真可惜。
[归纳拓展]
①在“It is essential/necessary/...that...”或者“It is suggested/demanded/
required/...that...”等结构中,从句的谓语应用“should+动词原形”的形式,其中should 可以省略。
②“It+be+过去分词+that...”结构可改写为“sb+be+过去分词+to do sth”结构。其中不定式根据情况有时态的变化。根据句意可有一般式(to do)、进行式(to be doing)和完成式(to have done)三种形式。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 翻译句子
人们相信早睡早起有助于保持良好的健康状况。
It is believed that going to bed early and getting up early helps maintain/
keep good health.　
据说这座桥已经通过了严格的安全检查。
It is said that the bridge has passed a strict safety inspection.
学生们必须为他们的未来做好充分的准备。
It is essential that students (should) get well prepared for their future.
他突然想起来第二天上午他要参加一个重要会议。
It suddenly occurred to/struck/hit him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.
长难句分析
[教材原句] Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river’s original beauty.
尝试分析:本句是主从复合句。 和 都为that引导的宾语从句, 为动词不定式短语作目的状语。
自主翻译:地方官员担心水污染对自然环境的破坏,认为必须采取紧急措施以恢复漓江昔日的美丽。
[语境运用] 情境写作
我担心我在夏季登山时没有得到很好的保护,觉得应该采取一些措施来防止晒伤。
I was concerned that I was not well protected during the summer climbing and felt that some measures should be taken to keep me from the sunburn.
写作微专题3
Write a report on an environmental issue
文本解读
1.文体类型:报告;属于应用文范畴。
2.要点内容:
(1)漓江存在的水污染问题;
(2)减少水污染所采取的措施。
[思路指引]
实用表达
1.首段常用句式。
The place/city is known/famous for its beautiful scenery.
The report/article discusses the issue of...
As we all know,...has become a major environmental concern.
With...becoming more and more serious,some wild species...
With the development of society,nowadays the issue of...is becoming increasingly severe.
2.中段常用句式。
To address/tackle the problem,our government has taken...
Firstly,...;Secondly,...;Then/Besides/Moreover,...
Not only did they...,but they also...
They tried to raise/arouse people’s awareness of...
More green spaces have been created to...
It’s time to educate the public about the importance of...
Immediate actions need to be taken to address the pollution problem.
3.尾段常用句式。
All in all,Earth is the common home of mankind.
Let’s spare no effort to make contributions to...
It is believed that...
In conclusion,the environment is the shared responsibility of all people.
Ultimately,education is the key to...
In short,every individual has a role to play in...
To sum up,we must work together to...
佳作建构
假设你是李华,请你根据以下要点,用英语写一篇关于你的家乡的环境调查报告。
1.我的家乡以前环境优美宜居;
2.遭受了污染,比如出现垃圾到处乱扔及废气被排放到空气中等问题;
3.政府采取一系列措施;
4.表达希望。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　 n.排放物;散发物;排放
2.　　　　 vt.& n.排放;释放;发布
3.　　　　 adj.适合居住的
4.　　　　 vt.限制;限定;束缚
5.　　　　 vt.抓住;夺取;控制
6.　　 　　 adj.和谐的
emission
release
habitable
restrict
seize
harmonious
7.　　　　 n.量;体积;(成套书籍中的) 一卷
8.　　　　 n.垃圾;废物
9.　　 　　 n.公司;企业;事业
10.　　 　 许多;很多
11.　　　 最终成为;最后处于
volume
garbage
enterprise
dozens of
end up
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.我的家乡曾经是一个美丽的地方,宜居且和谐。每年都有许多游客来这里观光。
My hometown used to be a beautiful place,　　　　　　　　　　　　.
Every year,many tourists come here for sightseeing.
2.不幸的是,人们到处乱扔垃圾。垃圾发出可怕的气味。
Unfortunately,people 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.It gave off a terrible smell.
habitable and harmonious
threw garbage everywhere
3.此外,随着越来越多的企业成立,数百万吨的废气被排放到空气中。
Besides,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,millions of tons of waste air 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the air.
4.同样令人遗憾的是,商业垃圾最终进入河流,并造成水污染。
It was also a pity that commercial waste 　　　　　　　　 in the river and caused water pollution.
with an increasing volume of enterprises set up
were released into
ended up
5.现在,当地政府已经意识到这一危险的形势。已经通过数十项法规来限制温室气体排放和减少垃圾污染。
Now,the local government has realised the dangerous situation.
　　　　　　　　　　　 have been passed to 　　 　　 greenhouse gas emissions and reduce garbage pollution.
6.此外,地方当局抓住一切机会向公众宣传环境保护。
In addition,the local authorities 　　　　　　　　　　　　 to educate the public about environmental protection.
regulations
restrict
Dozens of
seize every opportunity
7.有了这些举措,相信我们的家乡会变得更美。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,we believe that our hometown will become more beautiful.
With these measures
亮点提升
1.将第2句用定语从句进行改写升级。
2.将第4句用现在分词短语作结果状语进行改写升级。
Unfortunately,people threw garbage everywhere,which gave off a terrible smell.
It was also a pity that commercial waste ended up in the river,causing water pollution.
3.将第7句用it作形式主语进行改写升级。
With these measures,it is believed that our hometown will become more beautiful.
范文展示
　　 My hometown used to be a beautiful place,habitable and harmonious.
Every year,many tourists come here for sightseeing.
Unfortunately,people threw garbage everywhere,which gave off a terrible smell.Besides,with an increasing volume of enterprises set up,
millions of tons of waste air were released into the air.It was also a pity that commercial waste ended up in the river,causing water pollution.
Now,the local government has realised the dangerous situation.Dozens of regulations have been passed to restrict greenhouse gas emissions and reduce garbage pollution.In addition,the local authorities seize every opportunity to educate the public about environmental protection.
With these measures,it is believed that our hometown will become more beautiful.
写作练习
6月5日是世界环境日(World Environment Day)。作为中学生,我们应该为环境保护贡献自己的一份力量。请以“How to Protect the Environment”为主题写一篇报告,就目前环境存在的问题谈谈你的看法和建议。内容包括:
1.目前环境存在的问题;
2.作为中学生应该采取的措施(至少三条);
3.对未来的积极展望。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
写作指导
　　One possible version:
　　As we all know,5 June is the World Environment Day,and as high school students,we should contribute to environmental protection.
First of all,at present,auto tail gas pollution is very serious,and we’d better take public transport or ride a bike.In addition,plastic pollution is also severe,and what we can help is to buy glass-bottled water rather than buying plastic-bottled water.Finally,saving water is also one of the effective ways to protect the environment.When we don’t use tap water,we should turn off the tap immediately instead of keeping the water running all the time.
I believe that starting from the small things around us,we will have a great impact on the environment.
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写 微技能之“点” 情感/ 人物描写 shock adj.吃惊的;震惊的　sensitive adj.敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的　concerned adj.担心的;焦急的　ambitious adj.有抱负的;野心勃勃的　responsible adj.负责的
动作描写 sustain vt.维持;遭受;承受住　restrict vt.限制;限定;束缚　seize vt.抓住;夺取;控制　undergo vt.经历;经受(变化、不快等)　implement vt.使生效;贯彻;执行　attract v.吸引;引起　tolerate vt.忍受;包容;容许　in response to 回答;答复　suffer from 遭受　contribute to 有助于;促成
环境描写 beautiful adj.美丽的　amazing adj.惊人的;了不起的　climate change 气候变化　extreme weather 极端天气　natural disasters 自然灾害　
读后续写 微技能之“线” There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate.(叙述性描写)
In 2013,a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard.(情感描写)
Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.(动作描写)
It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming,along with its causes and impacts,because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.(主旨升华句)
The beautiful Li River and its amazing surrounding scenery is one of the most well-known tourist destinations in China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
(环境描写)
Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river’s original beauty.(情感描写)
With such campaigns in effect,China’s waterways are heading towards a clean and sustainable future.(结尾总结句)
读后续写 微技能之“面” 读后续写——环境保护
　　去年夏天,由于气候变化和人类活动,我们的家乡遭受了极端天气。洪水毁坏了房屋和道路,许多人忧心忡忡。地方当局怀着保护环境的雄心壮志,立即实施了一系列措施。他们限制工业污染,并抓住机会向公众开展教育。人们对环境问题变得更加敏感,积极为恢复工作做出贡献。看到大家在应对危机时如此团结一心,真是令人惊叹。
Last summer,our hometown 1.　　　　　　　　 extreme weather due to climate change and human activity.Many people
2.　　　　　　　　 as the floods damaged houses and roads.The local authorities,ambitious to protect the environment,immediately 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.They restricted industrial pollution and 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　 to educate the public.
People became more sensitive to environmental issues and actively
5.　　　　　　　　 the restoration work.It was amazing to see how everyone united 6.　　　　　　　　 the crisis.
suffered from
were concerned
implemented a series of measures
seized the opportunity
contributed to
in response to
重点知识回顾
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿;饿死→ n.饥饿;饿死;挨饿
2.ecology n.生态;生态学→ adj.生态的;生态学的→ n.生态学家;生态保护论者
3.habitable adj.适合居住的→ n.生长地;栖息地
4.sustain vt.维持;遭受;承受住→ adj.可持续的;合理利用的
starvation
ecological
ecologist
habitat
sustainable
5.frequently adv.频繁地;经常→ adj.频繁的;时常发生的;惯常的→ n.频率;频繁
6.restrict vt.限制;限定;束缚→ n.限制规定;限制法规;约束→
adj.限制(性)的;约束(性)的
7.harmonious adj.和谐的→ n.协调;和睦;融洽
8.submit vt.& vi.提交;呈递;屈服→ n.提交(物);屈服;服从→
adj.顺从的;服从的;恭顺的
frequent
frequency
restriction
restrictive
harmony
submission
submissive
9.annual adj.每年的;一年的 n.年刊;年鉴→ adv.一年一次地
10.sensitive adj.敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的→ n.感觉;意识;判断力 vt.意识到→ adj.明智的;合理的
11.originate vi.& vt.起源;发源;创立→ n.起源;开端→ adj.原先的;最初的 n.原件;原作→ adv.起初;原来
12.restore vt.恢复;使复原;修复→ n.恢复;复原;修复
annually
sense
sensible
origin
original
originally
restoration
13.conservation n.(对环境、文物等)保护;保持→ adj.保守的;因循守旧的→ vt.保护;保存
14.disposal n.去掉;清除;处理→ vt.处理;处置;安排
15.inspection n.检查;查看;视察→ vt.视察;检查→ n.检查员
16.tolerate vt.忍受;包容;容许→ adj.宽容的;容忍的→ n.容忍;宽容
conservative
conserve
dispose
inspect
inspector
tolerant
tolerance
Ⅱ.重点词块
1. 　　　　　被……震惊
2. 目的是;为了
3. 对……产生影响
4. 指的是;提到;参考;涉及
5. 大量的
6. 被困在;陷入(困境)
be shocked by...
in order to
have an impact on...
refer to
huge amounts of
be trapped in
7. 导致
8. 采取行动
9. 导致
10. 对……负责
11. 代表(代替)某人
12. 对……有负面影响
13. 遭受……之苦;
患……病
lead to
take actions
result in
take/be responsibility for
on behalf of
have negative effects on
suffer from
14. 在船(火车、飞机)上
15. 和;也;除……之外
16. 最终成为;最后处于
17. 许多;很多
18. 执行;贯彻;完成
19. 此外;而且
20. 生效;实际上
on board
as well as
end up
dozens of
carry out
in addition
in effect
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.There is no/little doubt that...
(毫无疑问) Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).
句式仿写
(毫无疑问,科技的发展让我们的生活变得越来越方便。)
There is little doubt that
There is no/little doubt that the development of science and technology
makes our lives more and more convenient.
2.含蓄虚拟条件句
this process,Earth sustain life.(如果没有这一过程,地球就无法维系生命。)
句式仿写
(没有他的帮助,我们不可能这么轻松地解决这个问题。)
Without
could not
Without his help, we couldn’t have solved the problem so easily.
3.现在分词短语作结果状语
There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide,
(不仅造成严重破坏,而且使人丧命).
句式仿写
The destruction of wetlands has been going on for decades,
(导致生物多样性的减少).
not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives
causing a
decrease in biodiversity
4.现在分词短语作后置定语
It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming,along with its causes and impacts,because this is the most serious issue (影响到地球上的所有人).
句式仿写
The volunteers (从事环境保护项目工作) are from all over the world.
affecting all of us on this planet
working on environmental protection projects
5.“数词+of+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句
Previously,water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists,
(一些游客频繁将垃圾扔入江中).
句式仿写
There are fifty employees in this factory, (他们绝大多数是年轻人).
many of whom frequently threw garbage
into the river
most of whom are young
6.it作形式主语
With these measures, (人们相信) the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.
句式仿写
(人们相信,在生活中,只要我们尝试找到解决方法,没有什么是解决不了的。)
it is believed that
It is believed that there is nothing that can’t be solved in our lives if we try
to find a solution.UNIT 3　课时作业(一)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.The 　　　　(图表) clearly illustrated the positive impact of the new recycling programme.
2.Electric vehicles are becoming more popular as they produce zero 　　　　(排放),helping to reduce air pollution.
3.The researchers observed a group of 　　　　(海豹) sunbathing on the rocky shore during their environmental study.
4.The destruction of forests has a direct negative impact on the local 　　　　(生态).
5.The environmental protection campaign was launched 　　　　(遍及全球地) last year.
6.Switching to renewable 　　　　(燃料),like solar and wind energy,is essential for reducing our carbon footprint.
7.The government has introduced a new 　　　　(政策) aimed at reducing plastic waste and promoting recycling.
8.The sudden change in climate patterns has thrown the agricultural system into 　　　　(混乱),affecting food production.
9.The environmentalist 　　　　(抓住) the opportunity to take a photo of the rare bird.
10.Scientists are closely observing the 　　　　(趋势) of rising global temperatures and its potential effects on ecosystems.
【答案】 1.graph　2.emissions　3.seals　4.ecology 5.worldwide　6.fuels　7.policy　8.chaos
9.seized　10.trend
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.The new wildlife shelter should be 　　　　(habitat) before the end of the year.
2.Once 　　　　(release),the new album is expected to top the charts.
3.Visitors can enter the museum without 　　　　(restrict).
4.Developing an effective and 　　　　(sustain) energy system is a global priority.
5.During the celebration,the speakers 　　　　(frequent) thanked the guests for their support.
6.Many species of animals live 　　　　(harmonious) with their surroundings.
7.The villagers faced the risk of 　　　　(starve) after their crops were destroyed.
8.She seized him 　　　　 the shoulder before he could escape.
9.The event is held 　　　　(annual),ensuring a tradition of remembrance.
10.The match will 　　　　(broadcast) live tomorrow evening.
【答案】 1.habitable　2.released　3.restriction 4.sustainable　5.frequently　6.harmoniously　7.starvation　8.by　9.annually　10.be broadcast
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.她对森林正以惊人的速度被砍伐的消息感到震惊。(be shocked by)
2.许多发展中国家陷入了经济发展和环境保护的两难境地。(be trapped in)
3.新的环境政策将对国家的可持续发展产生积极的影响。(have an impact on)
4.如果当时没有他的热心帮助,我肯定不可能准时到达汽车站。(含蓄虚拟条件句)
5.毫无疑问,他的善意和信任将成为我人生旅途中的一盏指路明灯,我决定采取行动把它们传递下去。(There is no/little doubt that...;take action)
【答案】 1.She was shocked by the news that the forest was being cut down at an alarming rate.
2.Many developing countries are trapped in a dilemma between economic development and environmental protection.
3.The new environmental policy will have a positive impact on the sustainable development of the country.
4.Without his kind help at that time,I definitely couldn’t have reached the bus station on time.
5.There was no/little doubt that his kindness and trust would be a guiding light on my journey,and I decided to take action to pass them on.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Scientists have found something strange has been happening among sensitive bird species in the Brazilian Amazon in recent years.Not only were the birds declining in number,but their bodies were also shrinking in size.“We found that size was not only shrinking for those sensitive species—it was declining for everyone,” said researcher Vitek Jirinec of Louisiana State University.Jirinec’s findings are contained in a study published in the journal Science Advances.
The study examined 77 species over a 40-year period,during which time the rainforest had become warmer.It found they were rapidly evolving perhaps because smaller birds remove heat more efficiently as they have more surface area in relation to volume.Brian Weeks of the University of Michigan explained it this way,“You could imagine lots of little ice cubes in a glass of water,as opposed to one big ice cube,and the little ice cubes melt faster because smaller things have larger surface area-to-volume ratios(比),so they exchange heat more quickly.”Weeks didn’t work on this particular study,but he did research the size of more than 50 species of migratory (迁徙的) birds in North America a few years back.He also found that nearly all of them were shrinking decade by decade.
The two studies strengthen the idea that birds all over the planet,migratory or not,may be changing shape due to a warming climate.Weeks said these sorts of changes should concern all of us.“All around the world,people depend on natural plete natural systems provide more economic benefits to humanity than the entirety of the world’s GDP,so they matter to you whether or not you know it,”Weeks said.Jirinec thought the timing of his paper’s publication could not be more fitting.The study came out on the same day as the conclusion of the UN climate change conference in Glasgow.So those results really stressed the common consequences of the actions for the planet.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。科学家发现,因为全球气候变暖,鸟类不仅数量在减少,而且身体尺寸也在缩小。文章介绍了科学家研究的过程,同时呼吁我们应该重视这一现象。
(　　)1.What was a cause of the birds becoming smaller in size
[A]The decrease of birds’ number.
[B]The sensitiveness of birds.
[C]A warming climate.
[D]The development of birds.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句可知,鸟类身体尺寸缩小的原因是全球气候变暖,故选C。
(　　)2.How did Brian Weeks explain birds’ getting rid of heat
[A]By example and comparison.
[B]By analysing the data.
[C]By giving enough evidence.
[D]By observation and research.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段中Brian Weeks说的话可知,Brian Weeks是通过用水杯中的冰块举例,比较大冰块和小冰块的融化速度来解释鸟类如何能更快释放身体的热量,故选A。
(　　)3.Which of the following can best describe the findings of the two studies
[A]Dangerous. [B]Concerning.
[C]Demanding. [D]Fantastic.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,这两个研究的结论是“令人担忧的”,故选B。
(　　)4.What’s the purpose of the text
[A]To introduce two studies.
[B]To explain a natural phenomenon.
[C]To praise the conference in Glasgow.
[D]To make people focus on climate change.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章主要是讲了鸟类的大小因人类活动发生了改变,从而劝诫人类应关注自己的行为给气候变化带来的影响,故选D。(共22张PPT)
UNIT 3　课时作业(一)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.The 　　　　 (图表) clearly illustrated the positive impact of the new recycling programme.
2.Electric vehicles are becoming more popular as they produce zero
　　 　　(排放),helping to reduce air pollution.
3.The researchers observed a group of 　　　 　(海豹) sunbathing on the rocky shore during their environmental study.
graph
emissions
seals
4.The destruction of forests has a direct negative impact on the local
　 　　　(生态).
5.The environmental protection campaign was launched 　　　　 (遍及全球地) last year.
6.Switching to renewable 　　　　(燃料),like solar and wind energy,is essential for reducing our carbon footprint.
ecology
worldwide
fuels
7.The government has introduced a new 　　　　(政策) aimed at reducing plastic waste and promoting recycling.
8.The sudden change in climate patterns has thrown the agricultural system into 　　 　　(混乱),affecting food production.
policy　
chaos
9.The environmentalist 　　　　(抓住) the opportunity to take a photo of the rare bird.
10.Scientists are closely observing the 　　　　(趋势) of rising global temperatures and its potential effects on ecosystems.
seized
trend
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.The new wildlife shelter should be 　　　 　(habitat) before the end of the year.
2.Once 　　 　　(release),the new album is expected to top the charts.
3.Visitors can enter the museum without 　　 　　(restrict).
4.Developing an effective and 　　 　　(sustain) energy system is a global priority.
habitable
released
restriction
sustainable
5.During the celebration,the speakers 　　　 　(frequent) thanked the guests for their support.
6.Many species of animals live 　　 　　(harmonious) with their surroundings.
7.The villagers faced the risk of 　　　 　(starve) after their crops were destroyed.
frequently
harmoniously
starvation
8.She seized him 　　　　 the shoulder before he could escape.
9.The event is held 　 　　　(annual),ensuring a tradition of remembrance.
10.The match will 　　　 　(broadcast) live tomorrow evening.
by
annually
be broadcast
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.她对森林正以惊人的速度被砍伐的消息感到震惊。(be shocked by)
She was shocked by the news that the forest was being cut down at an alarming rate.
2.许多发展中国家陷入了经济发展和环境保护的两难境地。(be trapped in)
Many developing countries are trapped in a dilemma between economic development and environmental protection.
3.新的环境政策将对国家的可持续发展产生积极的影响。(have an impact on)
The new environmental policy will have a positive impact on the sustainable development of the country.
4.如果当时没有他的热心帮助,我肯定不可能准时到达汽车站。(含蓄虚拟条件句)
Without his kind help at that time,I definitely couldn’t have reached the bus station on time.
5.毫无疑问,他的善意和信任将成为我人生旅途中的一盏指路明灯,我决定采取行动把它们传递下去。(There is no/little doubt that...;take action)
There was no/little doubt that his kindness and trust would be a guiding light on my journey,and I decided to take action to pass them on.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Scientists have found something strange has been happening among sensitive bird species in the Brazilian Amazon in recent years.Not only were the birds declining in number,but their bodies were also shrinking in size.“We found that size was not only shrinking for those sensitive species—it was declining for everyone,” said researcher Vitek Jirinec of Louisiana State University.Jirinec’s findings are contained in a study published in the journal Science Advances.
The study examined 77 species over a 40-year period,during which time the rainforest had become warmer.It found they were rapidly evolving perhaps because smaller birds remove heat more efficiently as they have more surface area in relation to volume.Brian Weeks of the University of Michigan explained it this way,“You could imagine lots of little ice cubes in a glass of water,as opposed to one big ice cube,and the little ice cubes melt faster because smaller things have larger surface area-to-volume ratios(比),so they exchange heat more quickly.”Weeks didn’t work on this particular study,but he did research the size of more than 50 species of migratory (迁徙的) birds in North America a few years back.He also found that nearly all of them were shrinking decade by decade.
The two studies strengthen the idea that birds all over the planet,migratory or not,may be changing shape due to a warming climate.Weeks said these sorts of changes should concern all of us.“All around the world,people depend on natural plete natural systems provide more economic benefits to humanity than the entirety of the world’s GDP,so they matter to you whether or not you know it,”Weeks said.Jirinec thought the timing of his paper’s publication could not be more fitting.The study came out on the same day as the conclusion of the UN climate change conference in Glasgow.So those results really stressed the common consequences of the actions for the planet.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。科学家发现,因为全球气候变暖,鸟类不仅数量在减少,而且身体尺寸也在缩小。文章介绍了科学家研究的过程,同时呼吁我们应该重视这一现象。
(　　)1.What was a cause of the birds becoming smaller in size
[A]The decrease of birds’ number.
[B]The sensitiveness of birds.
[C]A warming climate.
[D]The development of birds.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句可知,鸟类身体尺寸缩小的原因是全球气候变暖,故选C。
(　　)2.How did Brian Weeks explain birds’ getting rid of heat
[A]By example and comparison.
[B]By analysing the data.
[C]By giving enough evidence.
[D]By observation and research.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段中Brian Weeks说的话可知,Brian Weeks是通过用水杯中的冰块举例,比较大冰块和小冰块的融化速度来解释鸟类如何能更快释放身体的热量,故选A。
(　　)3.Which of the following can best describe the findings of the two studies
[A]Dangerous.
[B]Concerning.
[C]Demanding.
[D]Fantastic.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,这两个研究的结论是“令人担忧的”,故选B。
(　　)4.What’s the purpose of the text
[A]To introduce two studies.
[B]To explain a natural phenomenon.
[C]To praise the conference in Glasgow.
[D]To make people focus on climate change.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章主要是讲了鸟类的大小因人类活动发生了改变,从而劝诫人类应关注自己的行为给气候变化带来的影响,故选D。(共111张PPT)
UNIT 3　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
[头脑风暴·思维发散]
　　In recent decades,Earth has been getting warmer due to the emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane.This trend has resulted in severe natural disasters.For example,as polar ice caps melt,sea levels rise,posing a threat to coastal habitats.Additionally,extreme weather has also caused chaos,leading to more frequent hurricanes and floods.Droughts can also occur in certain basins,affecting agriculture and water supplies.Wildlife,such as penguins and seals,is at risk as their habitats change.We must implement effective policies to mitigate these impacts and protect our environment.
近几十年来,由于二氧化碳和甲烷等温室气体的排放,地球温度持续上升。这一趋势导致了严重的自然灾害。例如,随着极地冰盖的融化,海平面不断上升,对沿海栖息地构成了威胁。此外,极端天气也引发了混乱,导致飓风和洪水更加频繁。某些流域还可能出现干旱,影响农业和水资源供应。随着栖息地的变化,企鹅和海豹等野生动物正处于危险之中。我们必须实施有效的政策来减轻这些影响,保护我们的环境。
Reading and Thinking,Learning About Language
Part 1
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
写作词汇
1. 　　　　vt.& n.排放;释放;发布
2. n.碳
3. n.燃料;刺激性言行
4. adj.全部的;所有的;详尽的
5. adv.遍及全球地
adj.世界各地的;影响全世界的
6. n.趋势;趋向;动向
release
carbon
fuel
comprehensive
worldwide
trend
7. vt.& vi.( , )
播送;广播;传播
n.广播节目;电视节目
8. n.政策;方针;原则
9. vt.抓住;夺取;控制
10. vi.& vt.改革;(使)改正;改造
n.改革;变革;改良
11. adj.适度的;中等的;温和的
vi.& vt.缓和;使适中
broadcast
broadcast
broadcast
policy
seize
reform
moderate
1.graph　　　　 n.
2.emission n.
3.seal n.
4.methane n.
5.dioxide n.
6.fossil n.
7.footprint n.
阅读词汇
图;图表;曲线图
排放物;散发物;排放
海豹
甲烷;沼气
二氧化物
化石
足迹;(某物所占的)空间量;面积
8.basin n.
9.penguin n.
10.undergo vt.(underwent,undergone)
11.implement vt.
12.tropical adj.
13.chaos n.
14.nuclear adj.
15.jungle n.
流域;盆地;盆
企鹅
经历;经受(变化、不快等)
使生效;贯彻;执行
热带的;来自热带的
混乱;杂乱;紊乱
原子能的;核能的;原子核的
(热带)丛林;密林
1. vi.& vt.(使)挨饿;饿死→starvation n.饥饿;饿死;挨饿
2. n.生态;生态学→ecological adj.生态的;生态学的→ecologist n.生态学家;生态保护论者
3. adj.适合居住的→habitat n.生长地;栖息地
4. vt.维持;遭受;承受住→sustainable adj.可持续的;合理利用的
5. adv.频繁地;经常→frequent adj.频繁的;时常发生的;惯常的→
frequency n.频率;频繁
拓展词汇
starve
ecology
habitable
sustain
frequently
6. vt.限制;限定;束缚→restriction n.限制规定;限制法规;约束→
restrictive adj.限制(性)的;约束(性)的
7. adj.和谐的→harmony n.协调;和睦;融洽
8. vt.& vi.提交;呈递;屈服→submission n.提交(物);屈服;服从→
submissive adj.顺从的;服从的;恭顺的
9. adj.每年的;一年的 n.年刊;年鉴→annually adv.一年一次地
10. adj.敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的→sense n.感觉;意识;判断力 vt.意识到→sensible adj.明智的;合理的
restrict
harmonious
submit
annual
sensitive
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.be shocked by...　　　
2.in order to
3.have an impact on...
4.refer to
5.huge amounts of
6.be trapped in
被……震惊
目的是;为了
对……产生影响
指的是;提到;参考;涉及
大量的
被困在;陷入(困境)
7.lead to
8.take actions
9.result in
10.take responsibility for
11.on behalf of
导致
采取行动
导致
对……负责
代表(代替)某人
1. Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).(There is little doubt that...)
毫无疑问,地球的气温正在逐渐上升(如图)。
2. this process,Earth .(含蓄虚拟条件句)
如果没有这一过程,地球就无法维系生命。
重点句型
There is little doubt that
Without
could not sustain life
3.There is strong and comprehensive evidence
,
not only ,but also .(that引导同位语从句;现在分词短语作结果状语)
确凿、全面的证据表明,温度上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多,不仅造成严重破坏,而且使人丧命。
that the rise in temperature
has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide
causing serious damage
costing human lives
4. every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming,along with its causes and impacts,because this is the most serious issue .(it作形式主语;现在分词短语作后置定语)
我们有责任抓住每一个机会,让每个人了解全球变暖,包括其成因和影响,因为此事深刻影响到地球上的所有人。
It is our responsibility to seize
affecting all of us on this planet
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与自然——环境保护。
2.语篇类型:说明文。
3.课文内容分析:
本文由一篇北极熊的死亡报道引出话题——气候变化对全球生态造成了重大影响。然后分析了气候变暖背后的原因及后果。作者呼吁世界各国政府携起手来,共同制定政策,采取措施减少温室气体的排放,同时也号召个人减少生活中的碳排放,宣传气候变化的知识。阅读本文,有利于学生了解极端天气的背后成因,认识人类的活动对全球气候产生的巨大影响,反思自己的行为,进而懂得如何减缓气候变暖的进程,从自身做起,成为具有全球视野的有责任和有担当的人。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
dramatic
starved
ecology
sustain
disasters
policies
精研细读·深层理解
▲
( )1.Why is the “natural” greenhouse effect important and necessary
[A]Because it is short-wave radiation.
[B]Because it is long-wave radiation.
[C]Because it releases more heat.
[D]Because it helps Earth to sustain life.
D
( )2.How does the author develop Paragraph 3
[A]By giving definitions.
[B]By citing quotations.
[C]By giving examples.
[D]By listing numbers.
A
(　　) 3.What is the structure of the text
A
( )4.What’s the author’s purpose of writing this text
[A]To call for people to donate money.
[B]To ask people not to kill polar bears.
[C]To explain the meaning of “carbon footprint”.
[D]To call on us to do our bit to protect our planet.
D
( )5.In which part of a newspaper or magazine may we find this passage
[A]Entertainment.
[B]Environment.
[C]Education.
[D]Economy.
B
二次开发·深研课文
▲
　　There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.In 2013,
many people 1.　　 　　(shock) by a news photo of a dead polar bear which appeared to have starved to death.Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels 2.　　　　(cause) by climate change meant that 3.　 　　　(bear) could not hunt seals as before,so they had to travel greater distances to find food.Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature
were shocked
caused
bears
Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”,4.　　　　 has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect.The “man-made” greenhouse effect 5.　　 　　(become) a big problem so far.There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and 6.　　 　　(nature) disasters worldwide.
which
has become
natural　
Actually,news reports are 7.　　 　　(frequent) broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses.
Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate.This requires 8.　　　　 attention of people all over the world.We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by 9.　　 　　(restrict) the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.10.　　 　 is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming.
frequently
the
restricting
It
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿;饿死
·starvation n.饥饿;饿死;挨饿
[教材原句] An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body,the bear appeared to have starved and died.
一位长期研究北极熊的专家说,从尸体的姿势看,这只北极熊像是饿死的。
例　 (应用文写作之申请信)I have been starving for such a precious opportunity to practise spoken English,so please accept my application.
我一直渴望这样一个宝贵的机会来练习英语口语,所以请接受我的申请。
starve for 渴望;急需
例　 Many species are starved of their natural food sources because of habitat destruction.
由于栖息地遭到破坏,许多物种缺乏天然食物来源。
be starved of/for...缺乏……;急需……
归纳拓展
·starve to death 饿死
starve for 渴望;急需
starve to do sth 渴望做某事
be starved of/for...缺乏……;急需……
starve sb into (doing) sth 断绝食物(或资金)来源以迫使某人做某事
·die of/from starvation 饿死
表示“渴望”的表达还有be dying/thirsty/hungry/desperate for.../to do sth、long for.../to do sth等。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
As we all know,everyone starves 　　　　 success,but only those who work hard can gain it.
Many people faced 　　　 　(starve) as a result of the drought.
The factory is starved 　　　　 skilled workers at present to increase production efficiency.
由于缺乏食物,数百只动物在干旱的季节中饿死。
Hundreds of animals during the dry season due to a lack of food.
for
starvation
of/for
starved to death
He earns only a little wage,so he starves for a new job with better pay.You see,everyone starves to live better and no one likes to starve to death.After all,the starvation is intolerable.
他挣的工资很少,所以他渴望一份薪水更高的新工作。你知道,每个人都渴望过得更好,没有人喜欢饿死。毕竟,挨饿是难以忍受的。
语
境
串
词
2.release vt.& n.排放;释放;发布
[教材原句] The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths.
这一热量以更大的波长被释放回大气层。
例　 It took firefighters two hours to release the driver from the wreckage.
消防员花了两个小时将司机从汽车残骸中救出来。
例　 The release of the new environmental protection regulations has been well received by the public.
新的环保法规的发布得到了公众的普遍认可。
release...from...把……从……解脱/释放出来
归纳拓展
·release...from...把……从……解脱/释放出来
release...into...把……释放到……
release...to...把……放到……
·on release 上映;发行
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/写出下列句中release的中文释义
The teacher asked the students to do some exercise to release them
　　　　 stress.
The concert tickets have been sold out since the day 　　　　 release.
The new game is scheduled for release in November.　　　　　　　
After being questioned by the police,she was released without charge.
　　　　　　　
Which of the releases of this cinema do you think is really good
　　　　　　　
from
on
发布
释放
新片
3.restrict vt.限制;限定;束缚
·restriction n.限制规定;限制法规;约束
·restrictive adj.限制(性)的;约束(性)的
[教材原句] We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.
作为个人,我们可以通过限制生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的
“碳足迹”。
例　 (应用文写作之征稿)We restrict words of your article to about 1,000.
我们要求你的文章字数在1 000个左右。
例　 (应用文写作之征稿)The prize is restricted to those who have submitted their work before the deadline.
该奖项仅限于在截止日期前提交作品的人。
restrict...to...把……限制在……
例　 The park is open to the public without restriction.
这个公园对公众开放,没有任何限制。
without restriction 毫无限制
归纳拓展
·restrict...to...把……限制在……
be restricted to (doing) sth 限于(做)某事
restrict sb/oneself to doing sth 限制/约束某人/自己只做某事
·without restriction 毫无限制
impose/place a restriction (on/upon sth) (对某事)实行限制
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
We should restrict our discussion 　　　　 the topic of environmental protection.
The 　　 　　(restrict) on access to the nature reserve are for the safety of both visitors and wildlife.
to
restrictions
为了减少自己的碳足迹,他的父亲限制自己每周仅开车两次。
To reduce his own carbon footprint,his father 　　　　 　　　　　　　only twice a week.
在博物馆里,参观者被限制在一定距离外观看展品,以免造成任何损坏。
In the museum,visitors 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the exhibits from a certain distance to avoid any damage.
restricts himself to driving
are restricted to viewing
4.seize vt.抓住;夺取;控制
[教材原句] It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming,along with its causes and impacts,because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
我们有责任抓住每一个机会,让每个人了解全球变暖,包括其成因和影响,因为此事深刻影响到地球上的所有人。
例　 (2024·全国甲卷)The only opportunity she could seize to study was when her brother was having Chinese lessons with the family tutor.
她唯一能抓住的学习机会是她哥哥跟着家庭教师上中文课的时候。
例　 (读后续写之动作/情感描写)The man seized the door handle with both hands and seemed to have been seized by a wave of panic.
似乎是突然感到惊慌失措,那个男人用双手抓住门把手。
be seized with/by 被(强烈的情感、愿望等)控制/侵袭
归纳拓展
seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会
seize sb by the+身体部位(=seize one’s+身体部位) 抓住某人的某个部位
seize on/upon 抓住;利用
be seized with/by 被(强烈的情感、愿望等)控制/侵袭
seize指突然一把“抓住”某人或某物时,可直接用被抓住的部位作宾语,也可用“seize sb by the+身体部位”结构,但表示部位的名词前不能用物主代词。与seize类似用法的单词有hit、pat、strike等,构成“动词+ sb on/in/by + the +身体部位”结构。接比较硬的身体部位常用on,接比较软的身体部位常用in,而by一般接比较突出的身体部位。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 完成句子
这个小男孩抓住我的胳膊向我求助。
The little boy 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and asked me for help.
(应用文写作之通知)我希望你们能抓住这个机会,体验中国的传统文化。
I wish that you could 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 to expose yourselves to traditional Chinese culture.
seized me by the arm/seized my arm
seize this chance/opportunity
5.submit vt.& vi.提交;呈递;屈服
·submission n.提交(物);屈服;服从
[教材原句] According to the report submitted by researchers,between 20 and 25 percent of all annual carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests.
根据研究人员提交的报告,每年20%至25%的二氧化碳排放量是由热带森林的破坏造成的。
例　 (应用文写作之通知)Please submit your application form before the deadline.
请在截止日期前提交你的申请表。
例　 We should not submit to the difficulties in the process of environmental protection.
我们在环境保护的过程中不应屈服于困难。
submit (sb/oneself) to 屈服/顺从于/不得已接受……
归纳拓展
·submit sth to...向……提交某物
submit (sb/oneself) to 屈服/顺从于/不得已接受……
submit that...认为/表示/主张/建议……
·be forced into submission 被迫屈服
上述短语中的to均为介词,后接名词、代词或v.-ing形式。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The first time he submitted his artwork 　　　　 a famous artist,he was invited to an exhibition,where he received praise for his creativity.
At last,she had to submit herself to 　 　　　(study) late into the night for the important exam.
In the end,the little girl had to submit 　　　 　(her) to the idea of sharing her toys with others.
to
studying
herself
They agreed in the end to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(把报告提交给) the headmaster.
Although we got stuck in trouble,by no means could we 　　　　　(屈服) the difficulties and hardships.
submit the report to
submit to
语
境
串
词
The general didn’t submit to the enemies and he refused to submit the agreement to them.Actually,he submitted that he should not be forced into submission.
将军没有向敌人屈服,他拒绝向他们提交投降书。事实上,他认为不应该被迫屈服。
6.sensitive adj.敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的
·sense n.感觉;意识;判断力 vt.意识到
·sensible adj.明智的;合理的
[教材原句] Why is nuclear power a sensitive topic
为什么核能是一个敏感的话题
例　 She is very sensitive to what others think about her.
她对别人对她的看法很敏感。
例　 (话题写作之人物介绍)The person I respect most is my English teacher,who is very sensitive to every student’s feelings.
我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师,他/她十分体谅每一个学生的感受。
sensitive常与介词to连用,有以下几个含义。①“(对低温、光、食物等)敏感的;过敏的”。
②“易生气的;神经过敏的”(也可跟介词about)。
③“体贴的;善解人意的”。
④(信息、话题)须谨慎对待的;敏感的。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 写出下列句中sensitive的中文释义
—I can’t believe he got upset over something so small.I didn’t mean to hurt him.
—He’s just a bit sensitive.　　 　　　 　　
Sarah didn’t do well in the presentation.Please be sensitive to her emotions and offer some encouragement.　　　　 　　　
易生气的;神经过敏的
体贴的;善解人意的
Babies are especially sensitive to loud noises,so it’s important to keep their environment quiet.　　　 　　　　
The company avoided discussing any controversial topics during the meeting,as they were dealing with sensitive information.
　　　 　 　　　
(对低温、光、食物等)敏感的　
(信息、话题)须谨慎对待的;敏感的
重点句式
There is no/little doubt that...毫无疑问……
▲
[教材原句] There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).
毫无疑问,地球的气温正在逐渐上升(如图)。
例 (应用文写作之倡议书)There is no/little doubt that protecting the environment is essential for the well-being of future generations.
毫无疑问,保护环境对后代的福祉至关重要。
例 (应用文写作之倡议书)There is no/little doubt that reducing carbon emissions is one of the most effective ways to handle climate change.
毫无疑问,减少碳排放是应对气候变化最有效的方法之一。
[归纳拓展]
“There is no/little+抽象名词...”是存现句,其中There不能换成It。常见的There be存现句式如下所示。
There is a/no need (for sb) to do sth (对某人来说)做某事是有/没有必要的
There is some/no doubt about...对……有/没有疑问
There is no sense/use/good/point (in) doing sth 做某事没有道理/用处/好处/意义
There is no chance/possibility to do/of doing/that...没有做……的机会/可能性
There is no room left for sth/to do sth 没留……/做某事的余地
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/翻译句子
There is little doubt 　　　　 we also gain a greater appreciation for the role those plants play in maintaining the balance of our ecosystem.
No one doubts 　　　　 taking care of our green spaces will contribute to a healthier ecosystem.
Some students doubted 　　 　　 they would be able to recognise all the plants during the walk.
that
that
whether
毫无疑问,他们的表演是高质量的,这使得这场音乐会与现场演出几乎没有什么区别。
There is no/little doubt that their performance is of high quality,which makes the concert almost no different from a live one.
毫无疑问,这是一节非常特别的美术课,将会令人难忘。
There is no doubt/No one doubts that this is a very special art class,one that will be unforgettable.
长难句分析
[教材原句] There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage,but also costing human lives.
尝试分析:本句是复合句。 为that引导的同位语从句, 为“not only...but also...”连接的两个现在分词短语在句中作结果状语。
自主翻译:确凿、全面的证据表明,温度上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多,不仅造成严重破坏,而且使人丧命。
[语境运用] 情境写作
充分的证据表明,全球气候正在变暖,这不仅造成极地地区大量积雪融化,而且导致一些珍稀的野生动物灭绝。
There is ample evidence that the global climate is getting warmer,not only causing the melting of large quantities of snow in the polar regions,but also leading to the extinction of some precious species of wildlife.
语法微专题3
直接引语和间接引语
语法原句再现
An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body,the bear appeared to have starved and died.
Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before,so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food.
观察上面的句子,思考“专家所说的话”是直接引语还是间接引语。
语法知识点拨
一、定义
1.直接引语:当我们引用别人的话语时,如果引用的是原话,被引用的部分叫作直接引语。
The teacher asked,“Do you like English ”
The girl said,“I like English very much.”
引语前常使用逗号,而不是冒号;引号内直接引语的第一个单词的首字母要大写。
温馨提示
2.间接引语:当我们要引用别人的话语时,可以用自己的话把意思转述过来,被转述的部分叫作间接引语。
The teacher asked the girl if she liked English.
The girl said that she liked English very much.
间接引语不用逗号、引号;间接引语要考虑人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语、物主代词和指示代词的变化。
温馨提示
二、直接引语变间接引语时人称的变化
直接引语改为间接引语时人称要相应地变化。口诀记为:一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新。“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(I、me、my、mine、we、us、our、ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称(you、your、yours)变为和主句的间接宾语
(即听话人,如无听话人,可根据上下文确定一个人称)相一致的人称。“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的第三人称(he、him、his、she、her、hers、it、its、they、them、their、theirs)不变。
1.一随主:He said,“I like it very much.”
→He said that he liked it very much.(I改为he,it不变)
2.二随宾:He said,“You told me this story.”
→He said that I had told him that story.(You改为I,me改为him,told改为had told)
3.第三人称不更新:He said to me,“She’s left her book in your room.”
→He told me that she had left her book in my room.(She’s改为she had,her不变,your改为my)
[语境运用] 句型转换
Her colleague said to her,“Who did you ask for a leave ”
→Her colleague asked her who 　　　　 had asked for a leave.
Jack said,“Mary,where were you going when I met you on the bus ”
→Jack asked Mary where 　　　　 was going when 　　　 met 　　 on the bus.
she
she
he
her
三、直接引语变间接引语时时态的变化
1.直接引语变间接引语时,时态需要改变的情况。
当引述动词是一般过去时时,间接引语在时态方面要做相应的变动,总的原则是向过去推一个时态。直接引语变间接引语时,动词时态的相应变化见下表。
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去进行时 过去进行时
过去完成时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
将来进行时 过去将来进行时
将来完成时 过去将来完成时
He said,“I usually watch TV on Sunday.”
→He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.
He said,“I’m using the knife.”
→He said that he was using the knife.
He said,“I came to help you.”
→He said that he had come to help me.
2.直接引语变间接引语时,时态不变的情况。
(1)直接引语如果陈述的是客观事实、真理、谚语、名言警句、习惯性动作,当其变为间接引语时,间接引语中的时态不变。
The teacher said to us,“Light travels much faster than sound.”
→The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.
直接引语是陈述句时,若变为间接引语,主句谓语动词said to sb常改为told sb。
温馨提示
(2)直接引语中有明确表示过去时间的状语(如in 2013等),变间接引语时,时态可以不变。
The girl said,“I was born in Beijing in 2005.”
→The girl said that she was born in Beijing in 2005.
(3)当引述动词是一般现在时、现在完成时或一般将来时时,间接引语中的时态通常不变。
Our teacher has already told us,“Your efforts are sure to pay off.”
→Our teacher has already told us that our efforts are sure to pay off.
[语境运用] 句型转换/句子语法填空
Paul said,“Our team has won the match.”
→Paul said that their team 　　　　　　 the match.
Lucy said,“Since you are busy now,I will call again later.”
→Lucy said that she 　　　　　　 again later 　　　　　　　　　　　.
The teacher said,“Where there is a will,there is a way.”
→The teacher said that where there 　　　　 a will,there 　　　　 a way.
I failed again,but my parents encouraged me and told me that failure
　　　　(be) the mother of success.
had won
would call
since I was busy then
is
is
is
四、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和方向性动词的相应变化
类型 直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this/these that/those
时间状语 now then
today that day
tonight that night
this week (month...) that week
(month...)
yesterday the day before
the day before yesterday two days before
last week (month...) the week
(month...) before
two weeks (months...)ago two weeks
(months...)before
tomorrow the next/following day
next week (month...) the next/following
week(month...)
地点状语 here there
方向性动词 come go
bring take
The old man said,“I like to talk with these young men.”
→The old man said that he liked to talk with those young men.
She said to me,“I lived here five years ago.”
→She told me she had lived there five years before.
①当直接引语为陈述句,主句为一般过去时时,变成间接引语的“顺口溜”:去掉引号加that,人称变化要灵活,时态向过去推一步,状语变化按规定。
②以上这些变化要视情况而定,不能生搬硬套;如果转述就在当时当地,则时间或地点不需要转换。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句型转换
He said,“My sister was here three days ago,but she is not here now.”
→He said that his sister had been 　　　　 three days 　　　　,but she was not 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
Lisa said,“I arrived two days ago.”
→Lisa said that she had arrived 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
“I will come and help you tomorrow,John,” she said.
→She told John that she would 　　　　 and help him 　　　　　　.
there
before
there then
two days before　
go
the next day
五、连接词的选择
1.直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时,常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中,that可以省略。
He said,“I was cooking when the earthquake happened.”
→He said (that) he was cooking when the earthquake happened.
She said to me,“I came back an hour ago.”
→She told me (that) she had come back an hour before.
2.直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句,变为间接引语时,变成由whether(“...or...”或“...or not”)或if引导的宾语从句。
He said,“Are you interested in English ”
→He asked (me) whether/if I was interested in English.
直接引语是疑问句时,若变为间接引语,主句谓语动词said常改为asked。
温馨提示
3.直接引语是特殊疑问句,间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导,其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。
“What’s your name ” he asked me.
→He asked me what my name was.
疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时,要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句型转换
“When will the sports meeting be held ” he said.
→He asked 　　　　 the sports meeting 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
Mary asked John,“Can you come and help me water my flowers ”
→Mary asked John 　　 　　 he could go and help her water her flowers.
when
would be held
whether/if
“Who asked you to say anything What do you know about the business anyway You’ve only been working here for two months,” the boss said to the young boy.
→The boss asked the young boy　　 　　 had asked him to say anything and 　　　 　 he knew about the business anyway and he told him
　　　　 he had only been working there for two months.
who
what
(that)
六、祈使句变间接引语
间接引语通常要将祈使句的动词原形变成带to的动词不定式,并在动词不定式前根据句意以及说话者当时的语气及态度加上tell、order、suggest、advise、beg、warn、remind、forbid、offer、recommend、urge等动词。
1.表示命令的祈使句变间接引语时,常采用ask/tell/order sb to do sth的形式。
The teacher said to the students,“Sit down and be quiet.”
→The teacher ordered the students to sit down and be quiet.
2.表示建议、提议的祈使句变间接引语时,常采用suggest doing sth或“suggest+that从句”,advise sb to do sth或“advise+that从句”等形式。注意:
suggest/advise后接that从句时,从句使用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用“should +动词原形”的形式,其中should可省略。
“Make good use of your time,” my father said.
→My father advised me to make good use of my time.
→My father advised that I (should) make good use of my time.
3.表示请求的祈使句变间接引语时,常用ask、beg等动词转述。
My daughter said to me,“Please accompany me to the theatre.”
→My daughter begged me to accompany her to the theatre.
4.表示警告或提醒的祈使句变间接引语时,常用warn、remind等动词转述。
Tom said to me,“Don’t forget to buy that book.”
→Tom reminded me not to forget to buy that book.
如果祈使句为否定式,变为间接引语时,在动词不定式前加not。
My father said to me,“Don’t make your mother angry again.”
→My father told me not to make my mother angry again.
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句型转换
He said,“Please come here again tomorrow.”
→He 　　　　　　　　　　　 again 　　　　 　　　　　.
“You should use more public transportation to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide,” our manager told us.
→Our manager 　　　　　　 　　　　　 more public transportation to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide.
asked me to go there
the next day
advised us to use/advised that we (should) use
语法专项训练
句型转换
1.“Come in and sit down,please!” she said to us.
She asked us to come in and sit down.
2.“Don’t be so nervous,John.” one of them said.
One of them told John not to be so nervous.
3.He said,“I borrowed this dictionary from the library the day before yesterday.”
He said (that) he had borrowed that dictionary from the library two days before.
4.The patient said,“The doctors have discussed the mysterious disease.”
The patient said (that) the doctors had discussed the mysterious disease.
5.Mr Smith said,“Jack is a good workmate.”
Mr Smith said (that) Jack was a good workmate.
6.The girl asked,“Have you seen such a little dog passing by ”
The girl asked me whether/if I had seen such a little dog passing by.
7.The teacher said to the students,“Please bring all the books downstairs up here.”
The teacher asked the students to take all the books downstairs up there.
8.“Why did she refuse to go there ”the teacher asked.
The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.
9.He asked us,“How many car factories have been built in your country ”
He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.
10.The doctor said,“You should take plenty of water.”
The doctor told me that I should take plenty of water.
11.The teacher said,“Practice makes perfect.”
The teacher said (that) practice makes perfect.
12.She said,“What a lovely day it is!”
She said what a lovely day it was.
13.Jack said,“Let’s go to the cinema tonight.”
Jack suggested that we (should) go to the cinema that night./ Jack suggested our going to the cinema that night.
14.“If I am free I shall write a letter to Jean this evening,” the wounded man said to me.“Will you post this letter for me tomorrow morning ”
The wounded man told me if he was free he would write a letter to Jean that evening,and asked me whether/if I would post that letter for him the following morning.UNIT 3　课时作业(四)
单元知识综合练
(分值:52.5分)
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.fine
A.vt.对……处以罚款　B.n.罚金;罚款　C.adj.晴朗的　D.adj.很好的
①If it is fine tomorrow,we will go to the beach for a picnic.　　
②The buildings dating from the Ming Dynasty are still in fine condition.　　
③He had to pay a fine for going through a red light.　　
④The relevant departments will fine the units that illegally dump construction waste.　　
【答案】 ①C　②D　③B　④A
2.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①It is such a long distance that we have to stop at a gas station to fuel up.　　　　　　　
②We protested about the changes for a long time,but in the end we had to submit.　　　　　　
③Once you’ve broken the seal of a bottle,there’s no way you can put it back together again.
　　　　　　　
④In her diary,she described her father as a sensitive and caring man.　　　　　　　
⑤Her expression melted into a soft smile when she saw the gift.　　　　　　　
⑥The city sustained significant damage from the earthquake.　　　　　　　
【答案】 ①v.加油　②v.屈服　③n.封口　④adj.善解人意的　⑤v.软化,变得温柔　
⑥vt.遭受
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
　　People have always believed that nature is good for health and happiness.According to scientific studies,being in nature makes people less stressed.In an experiment,one group of people were asked to walk through a forest while another group had to walk through a busy city.1.　　　.However,researchers found that after the walks,the people who had walked in the forest had better moods,less anxiety and even lower blood pressure.So the experiment showed that it was being in nature that helped people feel less stressed,not just the walk.
Gregory Bratman from Stanford University in the United States found in experiments that a walk in nature could have important cognitive (认知) benefits,improving a person’s memory and creativity.2.　　　.Teachers find that when children are enjoying the natural world,their awareness and creativity are improved,along with their reasoning and observational skills.
Why does being in nature bring so many benefits for us 3.　　　,so we have an instinctive (本能的) love for it.Even just looking out of the window at a beautiful tree can help us feel less stressed.
Scientists also think that being in nature helps our brains recover from a lot of activities that we usually do during the day such as working on math problems or using our cellphones.4.　　　—putting all our attention into one thing,which can make us feel tired.But when we are outside,we use undirected attention.We see an interesting cloud or a beautiful flower,and our attention moves quickly and easily from one thing to another.So being in nature gives our brains the chance to rest.
5.　　　.For many of us,nature is something we can enjoy just by walking out of our door.So enjoy the nature around you!
A.The walks were equally long and hard
B.Regular workouts are surprisingly helpful
C.One idea is that human beings come from nature
D.Nature’s benefits have been scientifically confirmed
E.In these activities,we use a lot of directed attention
F.Being in nature increases people’s mental health as well
G.We can see this in schools where outdoor learning
has been introduced
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了走进自然对人们的好处,并呼吁大家更亲近。
1.【答案】 A
【解析】 上文“In an experiment...walk through a busy city.”以及下文“However,researchers found...and even lower blood pressure.”介绍了走路实验的要求以及实验的发现。A项介绍了实验中两组走路的路程和难度是一致的,进一步说明走路实验的情况,并与下文构成转折关系,符合语境;选项中的“The walks”指代上文中两组人的走路实验。故选A。
2.【答案】 G
【解析】 上文“Gregory Bratman from...improving a person’s memory and creativity.”指出,有研究发现在大自然中散步可以提高一个人的记忆力和创造力。G项为上文观点提供例证,选项中的“this”指代上文中的“could have important...and creativity”;且下文“Teachers find that...and observational skills.”承接G项,具体阐述引入户外学习有助于提高各种能力。故选G。
3.【答案】 C
【解析】 上文“Why does being in nature bring so many benefits for us ”提出问题:为什么亲近大自然会给我们带来这么多好处 C项回答了上文提出的问题,与下文“so we have an instinctive (本能的) love for it”构成因果关系,符合语境。故选C。
4.【答案】 E
【解析】 上文“Scientists also think...or using our cellphones.”指出,科学家们认为,在大自然中可以帮助我们的大脑从我们白天经常做的许多活动中恢复过来。E项承接上文,对上文所说的活动进行说明,“these activities”指代上文中的“activities that we usually do during the day”;且下文“putting all our attention...feel tired”对E项中的“directed attention”以及使用大量的定向注意力所产生的结果进行解释。故选E。
5.【答案】 D
【解析】 设空处是最后一段的首句,在上文中作者通过科学家们的研究发现来证明身处自然有益身心健康。D项作为一个总结性陈述,应概括上文中讨论的研究成果,强调大自然对健康有益已被科学证实;且下文“For many of us,nature...enjoy the nature around you! ”承接上文,指出亲近大自然很容易,并呼吁大家走进自然。故选D。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
　　Leila Taheri used to go to the Welsh Harp wetland as a schoolgirl.At that time,the 160-hectare nature 　1　 was home to various birds,also Taheri’s perfect playground.She
　2　 played baseball there,forgetting to go home.
In August 2020,37-year-old Taheri 　3　 the wetland and the kind of dump-like (垃圾场般的) surroundings 　4　 Taheri.Because of pollution,bird populations had been 　5　.To make things worse,the nearby residents paid little attention to the wetland.
A strong 　6　 to do something controlled her.Taheri decided to begin with a litter pick.She 　7　 her neighbours to join in.In one month,they 　8　 70 bags of rubbish.Then,Taheri expanded the work into more general environmental activism.　9　 monthly litter picks,they also worked with some bird protection organisations.Currently,they are trying to 　10　 a planned bridge across the wetland,for it will destroy birds’ habitat despite the advantage of 　11　 the locals a few minutes’ walk.
Taheri’s efforts 　12　.More and more locals are now more environmentally 　13　,more involved,and have come to see the value of her work.She makes a real 　14　 not only to the Welsh Harp,but for the wider community.Just as Taheri says,“Don’t stand　15　,and do something about it.”
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述Leila Taheri小时候经常在Welsh Harp湿地玩耍,长大后再去湿地时发现那里污染严重,满地垃圾。于是她从捡垃圾开始,致力于保护湿地的环境,最终她的努力得到回报,越来越多的当地人意识到了保护环境的重要性。
(　　)1.[A]camp [B]port
[C]wonderland [D]reserve
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据设空处后的was home to various birds可知,很多鸟类的家园应是自然保护区(reserve)。故选D。
(　　)2.[A]definitely [B]eventually
[C]frequently [D]absolutely
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文“Leila Taheri used...as a schoolgirl.”及also Taheri’s perfect playground可知,Taheri经常(frequently)去自然保护区打棒球。故选C。
(　　)3.[A]rediscovered [B]reflected
[C]rebuilt [D]registered
【答案】 A
【解析】 上文提到Taheri上学时经常去湿地打棒球,再根据下文“the kind of dump-like surroundings 　4　 Taheri”及语境可知,此处指Taheri长大后再次光顾(rediscovered)湿地时发现这里如垃圾场一般。故选A。
(　　)4.[A]attracted [B]embarrassed
[C]excited [D]shocked
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上下文可知,湿地以前是各种鸟类的家园,也是Taheri玩耍的地方,现在却如垃圾场一般,这使Taheri感到震惊(shocked)。故选D。
(　　)5.[A]doubling [B]dropping
[C]disappearing [D]recovering
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据Because of pollution可知,由于污染,湿地的鸟类数量下降(dropping)。故选B。
(　　)6.[A]shame [B]doubt
[C]desire [D]fear
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文“Taheri decided to begin with a litter pick.”可知,此处指Taheri有一种强烈的欲望(desire),要做些什么来保护湿地。故选C。
(　　)7.[A]invited [B]promised
[C]ordered [D]taught
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文“In one month,they 　8　 70 bags of rubbish.”可知,此处指她邀请(invited)邻居加入捡垃圾的行列。故选A。
(　　)8.[A]provided [B]replaced
[C]spotted [D]collected
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文可知,他们是在湿地捡垃圾,所以此处指收集了(collected)70袋垃圾。故选D。
(　　)9.[A]Due to [B]Apart from
[C]As for [D]Instead of
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据also可知,他们除了捡垃圾,还与鸟类保护组织合作,Apart from意为“除了……(还)”,符合语境。故选B。
(　　)10.[A]block [B]tailor
[C]design [D]preserve
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文“for it will destroy birds’ habitat”可知,桥梁会破坏鸟类的栖息地,所以他们应是试图阻止(block)。故选A。
(　　)11.[A]permitting [B]saving
[C]sparing [D]taking
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据语境及the advantage可知,桥梁的好处就是让当地人节省(saving)几分钟的步行时间。故选B。
(　　)12.[A]went out [B]ran out
[C]paid off [D]took off
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文“More and more locals...value of her work.”可知,此处指她的努力得到了回报(paid off)。故选C。
(　　)13.[A]aware [B]demanding
[C]anxious [D]generous
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文and have come to see the value of her work可知,此处指越来越多的当地人有了环保意识(aware),开始看到她的工作的价值。故选A。
(　　)14.[A]advance [B]difference
[C]decision [D]response
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文内容可知,此处指对Welsh Harp湿地产生影响,make a difference意为“有影响”,为固定短语。故选B。
(　　)15.[A]straight [B]alone
[C]fast [D]stil
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据do something about it可知,此处与下文意义相反,表示“不要站着不动(still),要去做点什么”。故选D。
Ⅳ.应用文写作(15分)
　　假设你是某国际学校学生会主席李华,学校打算举办一场环保展,展出同学们利用废旧材料制作的手工艺品。请你写一则通知,发布在校英文网站上,内容包括:
1.展出时间和地点;
2.鼓励学生自制展品;
3.提交展品的方式和截止日期。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词语:手工艺品handicraft
Notice
[写作指导]
　　One possible version:
Notice
In order to inspire your creative spirit and enhance your awareness of environmental protection,our school is scheduled to hold an exhibition on the first Friday of next month from 3 p.m.to 5 p.m.in the exhibition hall on the first floor of the Art Building.
You can use your imagination to make handicrafts from waste materials,presenting an exhibition with a mix of art and environmental protection.Your works should be submitted to the Students’ Union office before 4 p.m. on 31 May.
Your active participation is highly expected,and please keep those around you informed.
The Students’ Union(共42张PPT)
UNIT 3　课时作业(四)
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.fine
(分值:52.5分)
单元知识综合练
A.vt.对……处以罚款　B.n.罚金;罚款　C.adj.晴朗的　D.adj.很好的
①If it is fine tomorrow,we will go to the beach for a picnic.　　
②The buildings dating from the Ming Dynasty are still in fine condition.　
③He had to pay a fine for going through a red light.　　
④The relevant departments will fine the units that illegally dump construction waste.　　
C
B
A
D
2.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①It is such a long distance that we have to stop at a gas station to fuel up.
　　　　　　　
②We protested about the changes for a long time,but in the end we had to submit.　　　　　　　
③Once you’ve broken the seal of a bottle,there’s no way you can put it back together again.　　　　　　　
v.加油
v.屈服
n.封口
④In her diary,she described her father as a sensitive and caring man.
　　　　　　　
⑤Her expression melted into a soft smile when she saw the gift.
　　　　　　　
⑥The city sustained significant damage from the earthquake.　　　　　
adj.善解人意的　
v.软化,变得温柔　
vt.遭受
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
　　People have always believed that nature is good for health and happiness.According to scientific studies,being in nature makes people less stressed.In an experiment,one group of people were asked to walk through a forest while another group had to walk through a busy city.
1.　　　.However,researchers found that after the walks,the people who had walked in the forest had better moods,less anxiety and even lower blood pressure.So the experiment showed that it was being in nature that helped people feel less stressed,not just the walk.
A
Gregory Bratman from Stanford University in the United States found in experiments that a walk in nature could have important cognitive (认知) benefits,improving a person’s memory and creativity.2.　　 　.
Teachers find that when children are enjoying the natural world,their awareness and creativity are improved,along with their reasoning and observational skills.
G
Why does being in nature bring so many benefits for us 3.　　 　,
so we have an instinctive (本能的) love for it.Even just looking out of the window at a beautiful tree can help us feel less stressed.
C
Scientists also think that being in nature helps our brains recover from a lot of activities that we usually do during the day such as working on math problems or using our cellphones.4.　　　—putting all our attention into one thing,which can make us feel tired.But when we are outside,we use undirected attention.We see an interesting cloud or a beautiful flower,and our attention moves quickly and easily from one thing to another.So being in nature gives our brains the chance to rest.
E
5.　　　.For many of us,nature is something we can enjoy just by walking out of our door.So enjoy the nature around you!
D
A.The walks were equally long and hard
B.Regular workouts are surprisingly helpful
C.One idea is that human beings come from nature
D.Nature’s benefits have been scientifically confirmed
E.In these activities,we use a lot of directed attention
F.Being in nature increases people’s mental health as well
G.We can see this in schools where outdoor learning has been introduced
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了走进自然对人们的好处,并呼吁大家更亲近。
1.【答案】 A
【解析】 上文“In an experiment...walk through a busy city.”以及下文“However,researchers found...and even lower blood pressure.”介绍了走路实验的要求以及实验的发现。A项介绍了实验中两组走路的路程和难度是一致的,进一步说明走路实验的情况,并与下文构成转折关系,符合语境;选项中的“The walks”指代上文中两组人的走路实验。故选A。
2.【答案】 G
【解析】 上文“Gregory Bratman from...improving a person’s memory and creativity.”指出,有研究发现在大自然中散步可以提高一个人的记忆力和创造力。G项为上文观点提供例证,选项中的“this”指代上文中的“could have important...and creativity”;且下文“Teachers find that...and observational skills.”承接G项,具体阐述引入户外学习有助于提高各种能力。故选G。
3.【答案】 C
【解析】 上文“Why does being in nature bring so many benefits for us ”提出问题:为什么亲近大自然会给我们带来这么多好处 C项回答了上文提出的问题,与下文“so we have an instinctive (本能的) love for it”构成因果关系,符合语境。故选C。
4.【答案】 E
【解析】 上文“Scientists also think...or using our cellphones.”指出,科学家们认为,在大自然中可以帮助我们的大脑从我们白天经常做的许多活动中恢复过来。E项承接上文,对上文所说的活动进行说明,“these activities”指代上文中的“activities that we usually do during the day”;且下文“putting all our attention...feel tired”对E项中的“directed attention”以及使用大量的定向注意力所产生的结果进行解释。故选E。
5.【答案】 D
【解析】 设空处是最后一段的首句,在上文中作者通过科学家们的研究发现来证明身处自然有益身心健康。D项作为一个总结性陈述,应概括上文中讨论的研究成果,强调大自然对健康有益已被科学证实;且下文“For many of us,nature...enjoy the nature around you! ”承接上文,指出亲近大自然很容易,并呼吁大家走进自然。故选D。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
　　Leila Taheri used to go to the Welsh Harp wetland as a schoolgirl.At that time,the 160-hectare nature 　1　 was home to various birds,also Taheri’s perfect playground.She 　2　 played baseball there,forgetting to go home.
In August 2020,37-year-old Taheri 　3　 the wetland and the kind of dump-like (垃圾场般的) surroundings 　4　 Taheri.Because of pollution,bird populations had been 　5　.To make things worse,the nearby residents paid little attention to the wetland.
A strong 　6　 to do something controlled her.Taheri decided to begin with a litter pick.She 　7　 her neighbours to join in.In one month,
they 　8　 70 bags of rubbish.Then,Taheri expanded the work into more general environmental activism.　9　 monthly litter picks,they also worked with some bird protection organisations.Currently,they are trying to 　10　 a planned bridge across the wetland,for it will destroy birds’ habitat despite the advantage of 　11　 the locals a few minutes’ walk.
Taheri’s efforts 　12　.More and more locals are now more environmentally 　13　,more involved,and have come to see the value of her work.She makes a real 　14　 not only to the Welsh Harp,but for the wider community.Just as Taheri says,“Don’t stand　15　,and do something about it.”
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述Leila Taheri小时候经常在Welsh Harp湿地玩耍,长大后再去湿地时发现那里污染严重,满地垃圾。于是她从捡垃圾开始,致力于保护湿地的环境,最终她的努力得到回报,越来越多的当地人意识到了保护环境的重要性。
(　　)1.
D
【解析】 根据设空处后的was home to various birds可知,很多鸟类的家园应是自然保护区(reserve)。故选D。
[A]camp
[B]port
[C]wonderland
[D]reserve
(　　)2.
C
【解析】 根据上文“Leila Taheri used...as a schoolgirl.”及also Taheri’s perfect playground可知,Taheri经常(frequently)去自然保护区打棒球。故选C。
[A]definitely
[B]eventually
[C]frequently
[D]absolutely
(　　)3.
A
【解析】 上文提到Taheri上学时经常去湿地打棒球,再根据下文“the kind of dump-like surroundings 　4　 Taheri”及语境可知,此处指Taheri长大后再次光顾(rediscovered)湿地时发现这里如垃圾场一般。故选A。
[A]rediscovered
[B]reflected
[C]rebuilt
[D]registered
(　　)4.
D
【解析】 根据上下文可知,湿地以前是各种鸟类的家园,也是Taheri玩耍的地方,现在却如垃圾场一般,这使Taheri感到震惊(shocked)。故选D。
[A]attracted
[B]embarrassed
[C]excited
[D]shocked
(　　)5.
B
[A]doubling
[B]dropping
[C]disappearing
[D]recovering
【解析】 根据Because of pollution可知,由于污染,湿地的鸟类数量下降(dropping)。故选B。
(　　)6.
C
【解析】 根据下文“Taheri decided to begin with a litter pick.”可知,此处指Taheri有一种强烈的欲望(desire),要做些什么来保护湿地。故选C。
[A]shame
[B]doubt
[C]desire
[D]fear
(　　)7.
A
【解析】 根据下文“In one month,they 　8　 70 bags of rubbish.”可知,此处指她邀请(invited)邻居加入捡垃圾的行列。故选A。
[A]invited
[B]promised
[C]ordered
[D]taught
(　　)8.
D
【解析】 根据上文可知,他们是在湿地捡垃圾,所以此处指收集了(collected)
70袋垃圾。故选D。
[A]provided
[B]replaced
[C]spotted
[D]collected
(　　)9.
B
【解析】 根据also可知,他们除了捡垃圾,还与鸟类保护组织合作,Apart from意为“除了……(还)”,符合语境。故选B。
[A]Due to
[B]Apart from
[C]As for
[D]Instead of
(　　)10.
A
【解析】 根据下文“for it will destroy birds’ habitat”可知,桥梁会破坏鸟类的栖息地,所以他们应是试图阻止(block)。故选A。
[A]block
[B]tailor
[C]design
[D]preserve
(　　)11.
B
【解析】 根据语境及the advantage可知,桥梁的好处就是让当地人节省(saving)几分钟的步行时间。故选B。
[A]permitting
[B]saving
[C]sparing
[D]taking
(　　)12.
C
【解析】 根据下文“More and more locals...value of her work.”可知,此处指她的努力得到了回报(paid off)。故选C。
[A]went out
[B]ran out
[C]paid off
[D]took off
(　　)13.
A
【解析】 根据下文and have come to see the value of her work可知,此处指越来越多的当地人有了环保意识(aware),开始看到她的工作的价值。故选A。
[A]aware
[B]demanding
[C]anxious
[D]generous
(　　)14.
B
【解析】 根据上文内容可知,此处指对Welsh Harp湿地产生影响,make a difference意为“有影响”,为固定短语。故选B。
[A]advance
[B]difference
[C]decision
[D]response
(　　)15.
D
【解析】 根据do something about it可知,此处与下文意义相反,表示“不要站着不动(still),要去做点什么”。故选D。
[A]straight
[B]alone
[C]fast
[D]stil
Ⅳ.应用文写作(15分)
假设你是某国际学校学生会主席李华,学校打算举办一场环保展,展出同学们利用废旧材料制作的手工艺品。请你写一则通知,发布在校英文网站上,内容包括:
1.展出时间和地点;
2.鼓励学生自制展品;
3.提交展品的方式和截止日期。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词语:手工艺品handicraft
Notice
[写作指导]
One possible version:
Notice
In order to inspire your creative spirit and enhance your awareness of environmental protection,our school is scheduled to hold an exhibition on the first Friday of next month from 3 p.m.to 5 p.m.in the exhibition hall on the first floor of the Art Building.
You can use your imagination to make handicrafts from waste materials,
presenting an exhibition with a mix of art and environmental protection.Your works should be submitted to the Students’ Union office before 4 p.m. on 31 May.
Your active participation is highly expected,and please keep those around you informed.
The Students’ Union

展开更多......

收起↑