资源简介

UNIT 1　课时作业(一)
(分值:41分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.Persistence is a 　　　　(关键性的) factor to solve this problem.
2.Our main 　　　　(目标) was the recovery of the child, safe and well.
3.This research attempts to 　　　　(评估) the effectiveness of the different drugs.
4.The team examined the medical 　　　　(特性) of these plants.
5.After years of hard work and dedication,she finally 　　　　(获得) her PhD degree in environmental science.
6.She 　　　　(承认) the mistake she had made and took immediate steps to correct it.
7.She patiently 　　　　(分析) the results of the experiment and drew a conclusion.
8.His voice was quiet but every word was 　　　　(清晰的).
9.This female scientist 　　　　(坚持) on testing the medicine on herself in the last experiment.
10.He took a very 　　　　(科学的) approach to management.
【答案】 1.crucial　2.objective　3.evaluate 4.properties　5.obtained　6.acknowledged　7.analysed　8.distinct　9.insisted 10.scientific
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共9题;每题1.5分,共13.5分)
1.Being able to use a computer freely makes it much easier for him to do his 　　　　(academy) research.
2.He is a great scientist and 　　　　(commit) to his research in physics.
3.A person should not be 　　　　(evaluate) by his appearance only.
4.Could you tell us the chief 　　　　(distinct) of Chinese poetry
5.　　　　 returning from Beijing,he dedicated himself to his medical work.
6.Their first attempt to extract artemisinin failed,but they wouldn’t be 　　　　(defeat).
7.We are faced with two 　　　　(apparent) contradictory statements.
8.In our class,students 　　　　(most) prefer to study in groups during the discussion sessions.
9.We haven’t got sufficient information from which to draw a 　　　　(conclude).
【答案】 1.academic　2.committed　3.evaluated
4.distinction　5.On/Upon　6.defeated
7.apparently　8.mostly　9.conclusion
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.She received a letter 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(承认她的杰出贡献) to biological research.
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(重要的是) we should learn a lesson from our failure.
3.As a chemist,he 　　　　　　　　　　　(坚持) the highest standards in preparing for experiments.
4.　　　　　　　　　　　　(总之),it remains to be seen whether his theory can play a role in social development.
5.They 　　　　　　　　　　　　　(致力于) protecting the environment.
【答案】 1.acknowledging her outstanding contributions
2.It is vital that　3.insists on　4.In conclusion　5.are committed to
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共3题;每题2.5分,共7.5分)
China’s long history has seen many scientists making great contributions to the development of ancient China and even the world.We have selected several greatest scientists in ancient China and hope to help you learn more about Chinese science and technology.
Zhang Zhongjing was a Chinese physician in the Eastern Han Dynasty.He founded medication principles and summarized the medicinal experience before his time.His famous work Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases(《伤寒杂病论》) had a major influence on the practice of traditional Chinese medicine.Today,this great book is still considered very important in the practice of Chinese medicine.
Li Daoyuan was a great Chinese geographer during the Northern Wei Dynasty.He wrote the famous work Commentary on the Water Classic (《水经注》).The book is a great work on the ancient geography of China and it sums up China’s geography and its surrounding areas before Northern Wei Dynasty.
Sun Simiao was an outstanding medical scientist in the Tang Dynasty.He was called “China’s King of Medicine” for his important contributions to traditional Chinese medicine.Sun authored two books—Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergencies(《备急千金要方》) and Supplement to the Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold(《千金翼方》) that were both landmarks in Chinese medicine history.
Shen Kuo was a great Chinese scientist and politician of the Northern Song Dynasty.He compiled(汇编) a scientific work Dream Pool Essays,which involves a lot descriptions about the animals and plants in the country.Shen also first described the magnetic needle compass,which would be used for navigation(航行).His discovery of concept of true north towards the north pole was more than four hundred years earlier than Europe.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了中国古代四位伟大的科学家以及他们的主要成就,希望能帮助读者更多地了解中国的科学技术。
(　　)1.What is the author’s purpose of writing this article
[A]To encourage readers to learn from these great scientists.
[B]To explain what contributes to the development of ancient China.
[C]To broaden readers’ horizons on Chinese science and technology.
[D]To introduce the great medical contributions Chinese scientists made.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句可知,作者写这篇文章的主要目的是希望能帮助读者更多地了解中国的科学技术。故选C。
(　　)2.Whose work had a great effect on the practice of traditional Chinese medicine
[A]Zhang Zhongjing’s.
[B]Li Daoyuan’s.
[C]Sun Simiao’s.
[D]Shen Kuo’s.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段的第三句可知,张仲景的著作《伤寒杂病论》对中医实践产生了重大影响。故选A。
(　　)3.What do we know about Shen Kuo
[A]He was a Chinese physician in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
[B]He worked on the ancient geography of China.
[C]He was regarded as “China’s King of Medicine”.
[D]He described the animals and plants a lot in his work.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的第二句可知,沈括编写了一部科学著作《梦溪笔谈》,其中涉及很多关于动植物的描述。故选D。(共29张PPT)
UNIT 1　课时作业(二)
(分值:51.5分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共11题;每题1.5分,共16.5分)
1.Mr Wang has passed on his skills to the new members,　　　　 will take on many of the future repairs.
2.People,　　　　 interest is exploring their relationship between art and science will enjoy this museum.
3.I made friends with Tom during his stay in Beijing,　　　 　 he was studying Chinese in a university there.
who
whose
when
4.　　　　 the chart shows,technology has transformed the way people get news during the past years.
5.There are about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in that school,most of 　　　　 are from Europe.
6.He had strong determination and perseverance in the competition,
　　　　 made him successful.
7.Here are agents from America,some of 　　　　 are our old friends.
As
whom
which
whom
8.　　　　 we know,the lack of oxygen to one’s brain may result in mental damage.
9.Somehow she suffered from a serious disease,　　　　 had a great impact on her previous life.
10.They watched over the lake with their cameras,　　　　 were positioned on the hill.
11.The students,all of 　　　 　 spent the whole day picking fruits,were extremely tired.
As
which
which
whom
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.　　　　　　　　　　　(我们都知道),walking regularly does a lot of good to our health.
2.I gained a better understanding of Chinese culture during the festival,
　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　(这对文化交流具有重要意义).
3.These sayings reflect their wisdom of life,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(这激励着我成为一个更好的人).
As we all know
which has great significance for the cultural exchanges
which encourages me to
become a better person
4.Refused as I was,I still received some great encouragement,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(这给了我成为一名作家的信心).
5.It tells a story about a girl named Daisy,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(她决心帮助保护环境).
which gives
me confidence to be a writer
who makes up her mind
to help protect the environment
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Scientists in England are using two self-directed water vehicles to explore the animal and plant life of the Celtic Sea.
The Celtic Sea is a body of water off the southern coast of Ireland.
The area is known for its unusual sea life.Scientists want to know why sea creatures are so attracted to this part of the Atlantic Ocean.
One of the research vehicles is powered by batteries(电池).It collects information for the National Oceanography Centre in Southampton,
England,and the WWF(World Wide Fund for Nature).The vehicle’s low energy requirements permit it to stay floating on water for up to 30 days.
Reports of what it finds in the Celtic Sea are sent by satellite.
Stephen Woodward is an engineer who helped design the vehicle.He says the vehicle has equipment that can discover small organisms called zooplankton(浮游动物) and fish.He adds that other sensing equipment measures water currents and other features of sea life.The vehicle also creates a map of the sea.
Another vehicle is powered by the sun and the wind.It can stay floating on water for months.The robotic vehicle sends information about the so called biodiversity hotspots.A biodiversity hotspot is an area of an ocean that has a lot of plant and animal life activity.
Lavinia Suberg is one of the scientists studying the Celtic Sea.She says productive ocean areas,like the Celtic Sea,attract zooplankton.The zooplankton then attracts fish.She adds that areas with a large increase of fish often attract sea mammals and birds.
Using these robotic ocean vehicles greatly reduces the cost of exploring the sea with manned laboratories.Scientists can spend more time analyzing the collected information.They say the research will give them a better understanding of the needs of the Celtic Sea for future management and protection.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了英国科学家利用机器人式水上车辆探索凯尔特海,旨在弄清为什么有如此多的动植物生活在该海域。
(　　)1.Why do the British scientists explore the Celtic Sea
[A]To study the geography of the sea.
[B]To learn why the sea is rich in sea life.
[C]To test their self-directed water vehicles.
[D]To learn about the sea creatures in the sea.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知,英国科学家研究该海域的目的是弄清为什么该海域会如此吸引海洋生物。故选B。
(　　)2.What can we know about the water vehicles according to the text
[A]They are controlled directly by humans.
[B]They work depending on the map of the sea.
[C]They can send the information back directly.
[D]They can keep floating on water for a long time.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The vehicle’s low energy...water for up to 30 days.”和第五段中的“It can stay floating on water for months.”可知,水上车辆能在海中漂浮很久。故选D。
(　　)3.What do we know about the sea mammals and birds according to Lavinia Suberg
[A]They are afraid of living alone.
[B]They mainly feed on zooplankton.
[C]They like to live in warm ocean areas.
[D]They are especially interested in fish.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知,海洋哺乳动物和鸟类对鱼很感兴趣。故选D。
(　　)4.What is the last paragraph mainly about
[A]The aim of sea exploration.
[B] The cost of exploring the sea.
[C]The importance of the water vehicles.
[D]Ways to deal with the collected information.
C
【解析】 段落大意题。通读最后一段尤其是根据段中的“greatly reduces”
“spend more time”和“a better understanding”可知,本段旨在介绍机器人式水上车辆在海洋探索中的重要性。故选C。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
Citizen science is science for everyone.Specifically,citizen science is when the public 1.　　 　　(voluntary) helps conduct research.Most citizen scientists collect data with tools provided 2.　　 project directors.
These data help professional scientists answer 3.　　　 　(science) questions and solve important problems.Anyone can be a citizen scientist.
All it takes is some time,4.　　　　(curious),and a sense of wonder.
voluntarily
by
scientific
curiosity
Why is the term “citizen science” used Most people and organisations in this field intend “citizen” 5.　　　　(mean) a general citizen of the world,not a legally-defined citizen of a country.When someone mentions “citizen science”,there tends to be 6.　　　 immediate understanding of what they’re talking about.
to mean
an
Community science is one particular type of citizen science—one in 7.　　　　 a community drives the project.In community science,a community may pose the research questions,decide what type of data to collect,or use the results to inform some action.There 8.　　　　(be) typically a professional scientist or organisation that works together with the community.
which
is
Another reason is that science is for everyone,no matter whether you 9.　 　(participate) in science or not in the past.The citizen science is devoted to making science inclusive to all and 10.　　　　(ensure) that every person has the right and the opportunity to participate in science.
participated
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。公民科学是面向大众的科学,是指公众自愿帮助进行研究的科学种类。文章对这一科学种类进行了详细介绍。
ensuring
1.【答案】 voluntarily
【解析】考查副词。修饰动词helps应用副词形式作状语,意为“自愿地”。故填voluntarily。
2.【答案】 by
【解析】考查介词。根据“project directors”可知,此处是指由项目主管提供的工具,应用介词by引出动作的发出者。故填by。
3.【答案】 scientific
【解析】考查形容词。此处应用形容词形式作定语修饰名词questions。故填scientific。
4.【答案】 curiosity
【解析】考查名词。根据“some time”和“a sense of wonder”可知,此处应用名词形式。故填curiosity。
5.【答案】 to mean
【解析】考查固定搭配。intend sb to do sth意为“打算让某人做某事”,空处为不定式作宾语补足语。故填to mean。
6.【答案】 an
【解析】考查冠词。名词understanding意为“理解”,此处为可数名词,且第一次出现,应用不定冠词表泛指。immediate以元音音素开头,故填an。
7.【答案】 which
【解析】考查定语从句。根据“a community drives the project”可知,此处是指在社区科学的范畴里,定语从句中缺少介词in的宾语,且先行词为one,one指代a science,故填which。
8.【答案】 is
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处描述客观事实,应用一般现在时。there be句型适用“就近原则”,谓语动词应用单数。故填is。
9.【答案】 participated
【解析】考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,空处为从句谓语动词;再结合时间状语“in the past”可知,空处应用一般过去时。故填participated。
10.【答案】 ensuring
【解析】考查非谓语动词。be devoted to doing sth意为“致力于做某事”,空处应用动名词作宾语。故填ensuring。(共101张PPT)
Using Language,Assessing Your Progress,Video Time
Part 2
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. 　　　　　vt.创建;建立;把……建立在
2. n.理论;学说
3. n.(pl. ) 天才;天资;天赋
4. n.专利;专利证书;获得专利
adj.有专利的;受专利保护的
5. adj.不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的
6. vt.偶然碰到;遇到
n.邂逅;遭遇
写作词汇
found
theory
genius
patent
extraordinary
encounter
geniuses
7. n.教授
8. adj.聪颖的;绝妙的
9. adj.非凡的;显著的
10. n.方法;技巧;装置;仪器
11. n.草稿;草案
vt.起草;草拟
professor
brilliant
remarkable
device
draft
1.numerous 　　 adj.
2.formula n.
3.doctorate n.
4.photoelectric adj.
5.moustache n.
6.peculiarity n.
7.mourn vt.& vi.
阅读词汇
众多的;许多的
公式;方程式;配方
博士学位
光电的
上唇的胡子;髭
个性;特点;怪异的性质
哀悼;忧伤
拓展词汇
1. vt.推断;推定→inference n.推理;推论;推断
2. n.从政者;政治家;政客→politics n.政治→political adj.政治的;政府的
3. n.相对论;相对性→relative adj.相对的;有关系的→relatively adv.相当地;相对地
4. adj.温柔的;文静的→gently adv.轻轻地;温柔地
infer
politician
relativity
gentle
5. n.酷爱;激情→passionate adj.热诚的;狂热的
6. adv.逐渐地;逐步地→gradual adj.逐渐的;逐步的
7. n.社会公共机构;制度;习俗→institute n.(教育、专业等)机构;机构建筑
8. n.结果;后果→consequent adj.随之发生的;作为结果的→
consequently adv.所以;因此
passion
gradually
institution
consequence
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.make contributions to 　　
2.due to
3.come to power
4.as a consequence
5.take up a position
6.make great achievements
为……作出贡献
由于;应归于
(开始)掌权;上台
因此;结果
担任;任职
取得巨大成就
7.be mistaken for
8.pass away
9.sum up
10.knock on
11.out of a passion for...
12.stand on end
被误认为……;被误解为……
去世
总结;概括
敲;击
出于对……的热情
竖立起来
重点句型
1.He made numerous contributions to the world,
and the famous formula E=mc2.
(独立主格结构)
他为世界作出了无数的贡献,最为出名的当数广义相对论和著名的方程式E=mc2。
the most well-known
being the general theory of relativity
2. ,out of a strong passion for knowledge,he continued to study,earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.(状语从句的省略)
工作期间,出于强烈的求知欲,他仍继续学习,于1905年获得物理学博士学位。
3.He had a thick moustache and long white hair,which sometimes stood on end .(as though引导方式状语从句)
他胡须浓密,头发又长又白,有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。
While working there
as though he had just received an electric shock
4.On 18 April 1955, ,and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.(it is/was reported that...)
1955年4月18日,噩耗传来,爱因斯坦与世长辞,全世界都为一代科学巨星的陨落哀悼。
it was reported that Einstein had passed away
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与社会——对社会有突出贡献的人物。
2.语篇类型:人物传记。
3.课文内容分析:
本文简要叙述了著名科学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的一生,是一篇以青少年为目标读者的人物传记。先简要说明爱因斯坦的杰出成就和突出贡献,然后按时间顺序叙述了爱因斯坦的生平,最后着墨于爱因斯坦作为普通人的一面。阅读本文,有利于培养学生树立正确的人生观、价值观,并懂得普通人如果拥有梦想,坚持不懈地努力,脚踏实地地做好每件事,在自己平凡的岗位上为社会作出贡献,也能有其伟大之处。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
contributions
achievements
personality
death
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.What type of writing is the text
[A]Exposition.
[B]Biography.
[C]Argumentation.
[D]Practical writing.
B
(　　)2.Which of the following words can best describe Einstein’s mid-life
[A]Unstable.
[B]Smooth.
[C]Difficult.
[D]Easy.
A
(　　)3.Why did the writer give the example of a little girl in Paragraph 5
[A]To show Einstein was humorous.
[B]To show Einstein was a great scientist.
[C]To show Einstein was friendly.
[D]To show Einstein didn’t care about fame.
C
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.passion n.酷爱;激情;盛怒
·passionate adj.热诚的;狂热的
[教材原句] While working there,out of a strong passion for knowledge,he continued to study,earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.
工作期间,出于强烈的求知欲,他仍继续学习,于1905年获得物理学博士学位。
例　(话题写作之人物介绍)He had a great passion for basketball at an early age,though he failed to make the school team at first,he always practise his techniques full of passion/with passion and finally became a legend.
他在很小的时候就对篮球有着极大的热情,虽然他一开始没能入选校队,但他总是充满激情地练习他的技术,最终成为传奇。
have a passion for 热爱;酷爱……
full of passion 充满激情
with passion满怀激情
例　Being good at something and passionate about it are not enough,and more importantly we need persistence.
仅仅擅长某件事并对它充满热情是不够的,更重要的是我们需要坚持不懈。
be passionate about 酷爱……
归纳拓展
·have a passion for 热爱;酷爱……
full of passion 充满激情
with passion满怀激情
·be passionate about 酷爱……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/翻译句子
When I was a little girl,I had a passion 　　　　 dolls.
(2023·浙江1月卷)Instructors are 　　 　　 (passion) educators who are experts in their fields and have undergone training and a background check.
你的演讲一直都是充满激情和活力的,体现了我们这个年龄的朝气蓬勃。
for
passionate
Your speeches are always full of passion and energy,which can speak for the youthful spirit of our age.
2.consequence n.结果;后果
·consequent adj.随之发生的;作为结果的
·consequently adv.所以;因此
[教材原句] As a consequence,he had to flee Germany.
因此,他不得不逃离德国。
例　Realising the consequences of not studying hard,Sarah decided to change her habits and work harder to pass her classes.
意识到不努力学习的后果后,莎拉决定改变她的习惯,更加努力地学习,以便通过她的课程。
例　As a consequence of Mary’s hard work,she was eventually admitted to her ideal university.
由于玛丽努力学习,她最终被理想的大学录取。
as a consequence of…
由于……
归纳拓展
as a consequence=in consequence=as a result 因此;结果
as a consequence of...=in consequence of=as a result of...
由于……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
Your failure was 　　　 　 on your constant laziness and 　　　 　,
you should face the terrible 　 　　　 bravely while pondering how to change yourself.(consequence)
昨天下雨了,因此足球比赛取消了。
→　　　　　 　　　　　　　 the rain,the football match was cancelled yesterday.
→It rained yesterday and 　 　　　　　　　　　 the football match was cancelled.
consequent
consequently
consequences
As a consequence of/In consequence of/As a result of
as a consequence/in consequence/as a result
语
境
串
词
One of the worst consequences of smoking for a long time is that you may suffer from lung cancer.In consequence,it is necessary for you to give up smoking.When you do want to smoke,switching to other alternatives is of consequence.
长时间吸烟最坏的后果之一是你可能会患肺癌。因此,你有必要戒烟。当你的确想吸烟时,转向其他的替代品是有效果的。
3.take up a position 担任;任职
[教材原句] After spending time in Europe,he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton,USA.
在欧洲度过一段时间后,他终于在美国普林斯顿高等研究院谋得研究员一职。
例　After years of hard work,she finally took up a position as the CEO of a large company.
经过多年的努力工作,她终于担任了一家大公司的首席执行官。
归纳拓展
take up拿起;接受;开始从事;占用(时间或空间)
take away解除;消除;拿走;夺去
take down 拿下;取下;记下
take in理解;欺骗;接纳;吸收;收留
take off脱去;起飞;突然成功
take on呈现;雇用;承担
take over 接手;接管
[语境运用] 用take的相关短语填空
He will 　　　　　 his position as chairman of the Students’ Association at the end of next month.
When the delayed flight will 　　　　　　　　　 depends much on the weather.
I hardly 　　　　　　　　 what the teacher said in class,which made me in low spirits.
With the development of science and technology,our country has
　　　　　　　　 a new look.
take up
take off
took in
taken on
4.remarkable adj.非凡的;显著的
·remark n.&v.谈论;评述;言论;评论
·remarkably adv.不寻常地;惊人地
[教材原句] Apart from his remarkable achievements,what does the passage tell us about Einstein’s life
除了他卓越的成就,关于爱因斯坦的生活,这篇文章告诉了我们什么
例　Beethoven was a truly remarkable musician.
贝多芬是一位真正杰出的音乐家。
例　The area is remarkable for its beautiful scenery.
这一地区以美丽的风景著称。
be remarkable for...因……著称
归纳拓展
·be remarkable for...因……著称
It is remarkable that...不同寻常的是……
·remark on/upon...就……发表意见;评论
·make a remark/remarks on/about...就……发表意见;
评论……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)After two years,the second group saw
　　　 　 (remark) improvements in heart health.
The judges remarked 　　　 　 the high standard of entries for the competition.
It turns out that the cats were 　　 　　 (remarkable) smart about what would happen when a container was tipped over.
北京是中国的首都,因悠久而辉煌的历史著称于世。
Beijing,the capital of China,　　　　　　　　 　 its long magnificent history.
remarkable
on/upon
remarkably
is remarkable for
5.sum up 总结;概括
[教材原句] Use your notes to write your introduction and sum up how you feel about this person.
用你的笔记来写一篇(人物)介绍,并总结你对这个人的看法。
例　His speech summed up the present situation of economy.
他的演讲概述了目前的经济形势。
sum up 总结;概述;计算……的总数(sum up是动副词组,代词需要放中间)
例　He is saving a sum of money to buy a house for his family.
他正在存一笔钱以便买一所房子供全家居住。
a (large/considerable) sum of money
一(大)笔钱
归纳拓展
·sum up 总结;概述;计算……的总数(sum up是动副词组,代词需要放中间)
to sum up 总之
·in sum 总而言之;大体上
a (large/considerable) sum of money
一(大)笔钱
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/翻译句子
He donated a large sum 　　　　 money to the local charity.
　　　　 sum,university students should not waste their time and energy doing business.
Many people spoke at the meeting,and finally the chairman
(sum) up the discussion.
总之,这是一部既适合儿童又适合成人的精彩电影。
of
In
summed
To sum up,it is an amazing film which is suitable for both children and adults.
重点句式
独立主格结构
▲
[教材原句]He made numerous contributions to the world,the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2.
他为世界作出了无数的贡献,最为出名的当数广义相对论和著名的方程式E=mc2。
★“the most well-known being the general theory...”为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。在“逻辑主语+现在分词”结构中,现在分词表示的动作与其逻辑主语是主动关系。该结构在句中常作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语和方式状语等。
例　The audience being present,the concert began.
观众到场后,音乐会开始了。(时间状语)
例　Many experts being present,I felt very nervous.
由于有很多专家出席,我感到很紧张。(原因状语)
例　Weather permitting,we’ll have a picnic this Sunday.
天气允许的话,我们这个星期天去野餐。(条件状语)
[归纳拓展]
温馨提示
①独立主格结构的逻辑主语和句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
②独立主格结构中的名词或代词与后面的动词-ing形式、过去分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。
③在“名词+介词短语”的独立主格结构中,逻辑主语有无修饰语与介词短语中名词前有无修饰语必须保持一致。
The teacher came in,(a) bag under (his) arm.
老师进来了,腋下夹着一个包。
[语境运用] 完成句子/翻译句子
(读后续写之动作描写)下课了,兴奋的学生们站起来,抓起书包,像箭一样冲出教室。
　　　　　　　　,the excited students rose to their feet,grabbed their schoolbags and rushed out of the classroom like arrow.
窗户开着,星光闪烁,他们说着话。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,they talked.
马克紧紧抱住他的朋友,眼里都是感激的泪水。
Mark hugged his friend tightly,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
Class over
The window open and the stars shining
tears of gratitude in his eyes
(读后续写之情绪描写)双手掩面,她放声大哭。
(读后续写之动作描写)他冲向房子,眼睛里闪烁着兴奋的光芒。
Her face buried in her hands,she wept wildly.
He dashed to the house,his eyes shining with excitement.
as though引导方式状语从句
▲
[教材原句] He had a thick moustache and long white hair,which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.
他胡须浓密,头发又长又白,有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。
★句中的as though引导方式状语从句,意为 “好像;似乎”,相当于as if引导方式状语从句。
例　Look at the clouds in the sky!It looks as if it is going to rain.Let’s hurry up.
看看天上的云!看起来要下雨了。咱们快一点。
例　(2022·浙江1月卷)I felt he treated me as though I would hold him back and probably make him fail to get an A in the course.
我觉得他对待我的态度就好像我会拖他后腿,并可能会让他在这门课上拿不到A。
例　The child talks to us as if he were an adult.
那个小孩跟我们讲话时就像个成年人一样。
[归纳拓展]
温馨提示
当从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句谓语又包含动词be时,从句主语和谓语中的动词be通常可以省略。
[语境运用] 完成句子
乌云密布,看上去好像要下雨了。
The clouds gathering,it looked 　　　　　　 　　　　　　.
童年的记忆如此清晰地浮现在我的脑海里,仿佛那些事就发生在昨天一样。
Childhood memories came back to me so clearly,　 .
我不知道她为什么看着我,好像她认识我一样。但我以前从未见过她。
　.
But I’ve never seen her before.
as though/if it was going to rain
as though/if it was going to rain
I don’t know why she is looking at me as though/if she knew me
长难句分析
[教材原句] When he was 16,he tried to enter university in Switzerland,
but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam,
despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics.
尝试分析:本句是一个but连接的并列复合句, 是when引导的时间状语从句, 是介词短语作状语。
自主翻译:16岁时,他报考瑞士的大学,尽管入学考试中的数学和物理成绩十分优异,但是因为通识部分的成绩低而未被录取。
[语境运用] 情境写作
在读高中时,他被选去参加全国英语口语比赛,尽管做了充分的准备,但是因为在演讲中太紧张,他表现欠佳。
When he was in high school,he was chosen to participate in a National Spoken English Competition,but he performed not well due to his nervousness in the lecture,despite making full preparations.
写作微专题1
Introduce someone
you admire
文本解读
1.文体类型:介绍你钦佩的一个人,属于记叙文范畴。
2.要点内容:
在介绍你钦佩的一个人时,要重点突出三个方面,即人物介绍、事迹叙述和简短的人物评价。人物介绍往往包括该人物的出生日期、出生地、家庭背景、教育背景。事迹叙述也是人物写作的重要部分,主要是写人物作出的贡献或者取得的成就。人物评价是对所描述的人物进行评价,评价需客观公正。
[思路指引]
实用表达
1.介绍人物的背景信息。
...was born in.../ into a... family.../at the age of.../ when... was young...
2.介绍人物的爱好特长。
be good at/do well in/be expert in/have a talent for/have a gift for/be qualified for/be fit for/have a good knowledge/command of/with a great passion for …
3.介绍人物的经历和成就。
be committed/devoted to.../insist on.../be determined to.../overcome many difficulties/make great contributions to.../contribute to...
4.对人物的评价。
set a good example to us /a model teacher/worker/be respected by all/think highly of.../be honoured as
5.常用来描写人物的形容词。
determined (坚决的)/warm-hearted(热心肠的)/easy-going(随和的)/
energetic(精力充沛的)/generous(慷慨的)/intelligent(聪明的)/ambitious
(有雄心的)/humorous(幽默的)/diligent (勤奋的)/attractive (有吸引力的)/
patient (耐心的)/strict (严格的)/considerate(考虑周到的)/outstanding
(杰出的)/optimistic(乐观的)/enthusiastic(热情的)/bad-tempered(脾气不好的)/reliable(可信赖的)/confident(自信的)/respectable(值得尊重的)
6.介绍人物常用句型。
(1)精彩首段。
My favourite teacher is...a responsible teacher with over 20 years’ teaching experience.
我最喜欢的老师是……一位有20多年的教学经验,有责任心的老师。
Abraham Lincoln,the son of a poor family,was born in Kentucky on 12 February 1809.
亚伯拉罕·林肯,一个贫苦家庭的儿子,于1809年2月12日生于肯塔基州。
Born in Xiamen in 1901,Lin Qiaozhi was considered as one of the greatest doctors in China.
林巧稚1901年出生于厦门,被认为是中国最杰出的医生之一。
(2)正文描述。
Devoted to community activities,she was highly thought of by the people around.
她积极参加社区活动,深受周围人的好评。
When he was still a boy,he showed great interest in literature.
当他还是个孩子的时候,他对文学表现出了极大的兴趣。
Being optimistic and energetic,he often takes an active part in after-class activities.
他性格乐观,精力充沛,经常积极参加课外活动。
He went to college,during which he showed great interest in folk music.
他上了大学,在大学期间他对民间音乐表现出极大的兴趣。
Not only is he gifted in English but also he has a good command of French.
他不仅擅长英语,而且法语也很好。
(3)精彩结尾。
He set a new world record in the competition,for which everyone thought highly of him.
他在比赛中创造了一项新的世界纪录,为此每个人对他评价都很高。
He is still widely remembered for his skill,his kindness,and his deep love for his country.
他仍然因为他的技能、善良和对祖国的热爱而被广泛铭记。
We regard him as our model.
我们把他当作我们的榜样。
佳作建构
请根据下面的提示写一篇英语短文,介绍你所敬佩的一个人物。主要包括以下内容:
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
姓名 黄大年
生卒年月 1958年8月至2017年1月
职业 教育科研工作者
成就 对中国的教育和科研事业作出了巨大贡献,帮助国家在深度探测地球方面取得进展
评价 不计个人名利,把自己的科技成果和经验全部奉献给祖国,在国内外学术界享有很高的声誉
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　 　　adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的
2.　　 　　n.目标;目的adj.客观的
3.　　 　　vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢
4.　　 　　adj.众多的;许多的
5.　　 　　adj.不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的
6.　 　　　n.结果;后果
committed
objective
acknowledge
numerous
extraordinary
consequence
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.黄大年是我最敬佩的人。他取得了非凡的成就,是公认的著名地球物理学家。
Huang Danian is the person I admire most.He made
　　　　　　　　 and he is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 a famous geophysicist.
2.他出生于1958年8月,毕业于长春地质学院。
He was born in August 1958 and he 　　　　　　　 　 Changchun College of Geology.
extraordinary
achievements
acknowledged as
graduated from
3.1992年,他被派到英国攻读博士。他的目标是掌握物理领域的高端技术。
In 1992,he was sent to the UK to study for a doctor’s degree.His
　　　　　　　　　　　　 the high-end technology in physical field.
4.2009年,他放弃国外优厚的待遇,回到母校,致力于科研和教学工作。
In 2009,he gave up well-paid reward abroad,　　　　　　　 his mother college and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 teaching and research.
objective was to grasp
returned to
ommitted himself to
5.他不计名利,把自己的科技成果全部奉献给祖国。
He cared little about 　　　　　　　　　 and he devoted all his scientific and technical payoffs to the motherland.
6.正因如此,他在国内外享有很高的声誉。
　　　　　　　　　　,he enjoyed a high reputation both at home and abroad.
fame and money
As a consequence
亮点提升
1.用非限制性定语从句升级句1。
Huang Danian is the person I admire most,who made extraordinary achievements and is acknowledged as a famous geophysicist.
2.用with介词短语连接句3中的两个句子。
In 1992,he was sent to the UK to study for a doctor’s degree with the objective of grasping the high-end technology in physical field.
3.用过去分词作状语升级句4。
In 2009,he gave up well-paid reward abroad and returned to his mother college,committed himself to teaching and research.
4.用非谓语动词作状语升级句5。
He cared little about fame and money,devoting all his scientific and technical payoffs to the motherland.
范文展示
Huang Danian is the person I admire most,who made extraordinary achievements and is acknowledged as a famous geophysicist.
He was born in August 1958 and he graduated from Changchun College of Geology.In 1992,he was sent to the UK to study for a doctor’s degree with the objective of grasping the high-end technology in physical field.In 2009,he gave up well-paid reward abroad and returned to his mother college,committed himself to teaching and research.He also helped the country achieve advances in deep-earth exploration.
He cared little about fame and money,devoting all his scientific and technical payoffs to the motherland.As a consequence,he enjoyed a high reputation both at home and abroad.
写作练习
假设你是李华,你校正在开展以“The Person I Admire Most”为题的英语演讲比赛,你对此非常感兴趣也很有信心,打算写一篇演讲稿参赛。内容包括:
1.介绍其成就;
2.对你的启示。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
写作指导
One possible version:
The Person I Admire Most
Dear teachers and classmates,it’s my great honour to deliver my speech.When it comes to the person I admire most,it must be Zhang Guimei.
It is generally acknowledged that Zhang Guimei is a woman of great achievement.She has committed herself to educating children who live in relatively tough circumstances.She once said,“Providing children,especially in rural areas with education is an ordinary job,but it can bring extraordinary effects.” Whatever profession you take up,you must insist on high standards in your work.Only in this way can you make progress and achieve remarkable accomplishments.
To sum up,it was her determination as well as love and commitment to education that infected me,making the seeds of becoming a teacher sprout in my heart.
That’s all for my speech.Thank you for your attention!
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写微技能 之“点” 人物 描写 gentle adj.温柔的;文静的　passion n.酷爱;激情　extraordinary adj.不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的　a courageous and kind figure一个勇敢、善良的人　kind and funny善良且风趣的
动作 描写 commit vt.承诺;保证 vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)　acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢　defeat n.失败;挫败 vt.击败;战胜　insist vi.& vt.坚持;坚决要求　flow n.流;流动;流畅;供应 vi.流;流动　encounter vt.偶然碰到;遇到 n.邂逅;遭遇　mourn vt.& vi.哀悼;忧伤
外貌 描写 a thick moustache浓密的胡子　long white hair头发又长又白　stand on end (头发等)竖立起来　a slightly odd-looking man外表有点古怪的人
读后续写 微技能 之“线” He had a thick moustache and long white hair,which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.(外貌描写)
Although he was a genius,he sometimes forgot things,like his friends’ birthdays.(性格描写)
Einstein was not only a genius;he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people.(人物描写)
It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.(主旨升华句)
读后续写 微技能 之“面” 微写作——伟大人物
他被认为是一位伟大的科学家,他于上个月与世长辞。天下着毛毛细雨,好像在哀悼痛失这位温和而非凡的科学家。悲痛万分,许多人为之痛哭,泪水不受控制地顺着脸颊流淌。他终生满怀热情地致力于科学研究。他始终坚持自己的梦想,无论遇到什么样的困难,他都不认输。
1.　　　　　　 　　　　　　 ,he passed away last month.It was drizzling as if it were 2.　　　　　　　　 the great loss of the　　　　　 　　　　　 　.Overcome with sorrow,many people cried their hearts out,with tears
3.　　　　 　　　　uncontrollably.He 4.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.He always insisted on his dream and he wouldn’t acknowledge defeat
5.　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　.
Acknowledged as a great scientist
mourning
gentle and extraordinary scientist　
flowing down cheeks
committed all his
life to scientific research with passion
whatever difficulties he encountered
重点知识回顾
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.commit vt.承诺;保证 vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→ adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的→ n.承诺;保证;奉献;投入
2.objective n.目标;目的 adj.客观的→ n.目标;物体;宾语vt.提出……作为反对的理由 vi.反对;不赞成→ n.反对
committed
commitment
object
objection
3.distinct adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的→ n.差别;特质;优秀;区分;卓越→ adj.独特的;特别的;有特色的
4.acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢→ n.承认;感谢;谢礼
5.scientific adj.科学(上)的;关于科学的→ n.科学;学科→
n.科学家
distinction
distinctive
acknowledgement
science
scientist
6.conclusion n.结论;推论→ v.推断出;结束;终止→
adj.决定性的
7.novelist n.小说家→ n.(长篇)小说 adj.新奇的;异常的→ n.新颖;新奇
8.relativity n.相对论;相对性→ adj.相对的;有关系的→
adv.相当地;相对地
conclude
conclusive
novel
novelty
relative
relatively
9.gentle adj.温柔的;文静的→ adv.轻轻地;温柔地
10.passion n.酷爱;激情→ adj.热诚的;狂热的
11.gradually adv.逐渐地;逐步地→ adj.逐渐的;逐步的
12.consequence n.结果;后果→ adj.随之发生的;作为结果的→
adv.所以;因此
gently
passionate
gradual
consequent
consequently
Ⅱ.重点词块
1. 　　　　　　 导致;通向
2. 死于;因……而死
3.
承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
4. 毕业于……
5. 目的是……
lead to
die from
commit oneself to
(sth/doing sth/do sth)
graduate from
with the objective of
6. 偶然;意外地
7. 坚决要求
8. 确保
9. 经受得住
10. 得出结论
11. 为……作出贡献
by chance
insist on
make sure
stand up to
come to/draw a conclusion
make contributions to
12. 由于;应归于
13. 因此;结果
14. 担任;任职
15. 取得巨大成就
16. 去世
17. 总结;概括
18. 敲;击
due to
as a consequence
take up a position
make great achievements
pass away
sum up
knock on
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.Upon doing...
(听到……) that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine...”
句式仿写
(一到达……)our school,he couldn’t wait to visit our school gym.
Upon hearing
Upon arriving at
2.it 作形式主语
(……确实是一个荣誉) for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
句式仿写
(我很荣幸) to represent our school to extend warm welcome to you.
It is indeed an honour
It is an honour for me
3.状语从句的省略
(工作期间),out of a strong passion for knowledge,
he continued to study,earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.
句式仿写
(在欧洲旅游时),he found many interesting things and experienced different cultures.
While working there
While travelling in Europe
4.as though引导方式状语从句
He had a thick moustache and long white hair,which sometimes stood on end (有时会像刚遭了电击似的).
句式仿写
He talked about Rome (仿佛他到过那里似的).
as though he had just received an electric shock
as though he had been there himself
5.it is/was reported that...
On 18 April 1955, (据说……) Einstein had passed away,and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.
句式仿写
(据报道) it was the driver’s carelessness that contributed to the traffic accident.
it was reported that
It was reported thatUNIT 1　课时作业(三)
(分值:57.5分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.According to the 　　　　(理论),no one will draw a final conclusion from these facts.
2.What can we 　　　　(推断) from what the famous politician said just now
3.Do you know who 　　　　(建立) the charitable organisation
4.The scientist’s groundbreaking theories earned her the reputation of being a 　　　　(天才) in her field.
5.He is kind,　　　　(温柔的) and helpful.To sum up,he is a nice guy.
6.The inventor received a 　　　(专利) for his revolutionary design of the electric car battery.
7.He has a 　　　　(激情) for traditional Chinese medicine.
8.　　　　(逐渐地),the child began to understand.
9.This is a very popular 　　　　(社会公共机构).
10.She was the most remarkable woman he had ever 　　　　(遇到).
【答案】 1.theory　2.infer　3.founded　4.genius 5.gentle　6.patent　7.passion
8.Gradually　9.institution　10.encountered
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.Two completely opposite conclusions can be 　　　　(infer) from this set of facts.
2.It was a 　　　　(remark) achievement for such a young player.
3.The girl used to be shy,but is 　　　　(gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.
4.I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it’s 　　　　 honour for me to show you around.
5.A fellow scientist 　　　　(gentle) patted his back,trying to give him the strength to persevere in the present situation.
6.She is obsessed with her work,which has taken 　　　　 most of her time.
7.Whatever he has been doing 　　　　 (found) on love and respect for humanity.
8.The 　　　　(novel) draws heavily on her personal experiences.
9.His painting skills are so superb that you can find his work 　　　　 (exhibit) in the best galleries in many countries.
10.He spent his whole life studying 　　　　(politician) and medieval history.
【答案】 1.inferred　2.remarkable　3.gradually　4.an　5.gently　6.up　7.is founded
8.novelist　9.exhibited　10.politics
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　(综上所述),mental strength is crucial for a person to overcome difficulties.
2.He has 　　　　　　　　　　　　(为……做出了重大贡献) the education of the motherland and deserves people’s respect.
3.He was a persistent person,　　　　　　　　　　　　(因此),he achieved success eventually.
4.I have decided to 　　　　　　　　　　　(任职) in a charity organisation to help more people in need.
5.He was so absorbed in research yesterday that he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(误以为那瓶墨水是瓶牛奶).
【答案】 1.To sum up　2.made great contributions to　3.as a consequence　4.take up a position　5.mistook that bottle of ink for a bottle of milk
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
In 2018,China became the largest producer and consumer of the fruit in the world.Wu Mingzhu,in her nineties,a native of Wuhan,is the unknown hero who has helped make this possible.
“About 80 percent of the watermelons and sweet melons served at people’s dining tables every day are the result of painful efforts made by Wu and her team over more than 60 years,”said Zhang Wenjun,a colleague of Wu’s.
Helping others has long been a dream of hers.And she thought the most beautiful thing in life is that everything you create can serve the people,so she made efforts to grow quality melons,which began paying off in 1973.She is one of the 8,000 agricultural scientists who have come to Hainan annually from across the country over the past 60 years and have cultivated(培育) more than 20,000 of China’s new seed varieties through offseason breeding.
Using innovative measures such as radiation mutation breeding,double haploid breeding and distant hybridisation breeding,Wu and her team developed new germ-plasm(种质) resources,from which they cultivated more than 30 watermelon and muskmelon(甜瓜) varieties with better adaptability and stronger disease resistance,the former director of the Xinjiang Muskmelon Research Centre said.
The new melon varieties have been promoted to more than 1.86 million hectares of fields from north to south.Some of these varieties have been promoted overseas,as far as California.Wu’s work has left her a number of honours.The “queen of melons” became an academician with the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1999 and an honorary citizen of Sanya in 2004.
【语篇导读】 本文是新闻报道。文章报道了我国“西瓜之母”吴明珠院士的个人经历以及其贡献。
(　　)1.Why did Wu Mingzhu mainly want to grow high-end melons
[A]Because she wanted to make China the largest producer of melons.
[B]Because China is the largest consumer of melons in the world.
[C]Because she wanted to create something that could serve people.
[D]Because the Chinese government asked her to grow high quality melons.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句可知,吴明珠院士之所以培育一些高端的瓜果主要是因为她想创造出能够造福人类的事物,这是她认为最美好的事情。故选C。
(　　)2.What can we learn about from Paragraph 4
[A]Wu and her team cultivated melon varieties that could resist every disease.
[B]Wu and her team cultivated high quality melons from the new germ-plasm resources.
[C]Wu and her team cultivated 30 watermelon varieties from radiation mutation breeding.
[D]Wu and her team cultivated melon varieties that could adapt to any circumstance.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,吴明珠院士和她的团队成员通过种质资源培育出了30多种拥有更好的适应能力和更强的抗病能力的西瓜和甜瓜。故选B。
(　　)3.Which of the following about Wu Mingzhu cannot be inferred from the text
[A]She has cultivated more than 20,000 of China’s new seed varieties.
[B]She is committed to her work and makes remarkable achievements.
[C]She helps make China the largest producer of fruit in the world in 2018.
[D]She is awarded a number of honorary titles due to her contributions.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句可知,超过20 000种新型种子是由8 000多个农业科学家培育出来的。故选A。
(　　)4.What type is the text
[A]A diary entry.
[B]A book review.
[C]A physicist’s story.
[D]A news report.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。浏览文章可知,文章主要介绍了我国“西瓜之母”吴明珠院士的个人经历以及其贡献,所以推测,这是一篇介绍名人事迹的传记类新闻报道。D项符合推测,故选D。
Ⅴ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Virtually, there is nothing that man cannot do.Only what he has to do is keep doing and doing without being discouraged.Success will come someday or other, though it may apparently be the conception about something that it cannot be done.1.　　　 But the reality is that man’s success depends on whether he can do the toughest tasks successfully.It is because our life is complicated and tough.And to succeed in this tough battle, perseverance and hard work are a must.2.　　　 We can prove this fact when we look at the reality of life and the history of man’s success.Perseverance helps us do what we otherwise would consider impossible to do.
What the world-famous scientist Sir Isaac Newton had done by twelve years’ constant hard work was burnt out by his pet dog.But that could not discourage him a little.3.　　　 It is only for his undefeated perseverance that we have been able to have many inventions and discoveries.
4.　　　 He went through thick and thin to reach his destination after months of the strenuous (艰苦的) voyage on the sea.He discovered the way from Spain to America and offered the world a new route of communication with America.This outcome of his perseverance will be generated by the world forever.
All the great men in history have written their names in golden letters by means of perseverance.5.　　　 If we all are perseverant in whatever we do, we are sure to stand out as a successful person in the near future.
A.Every action has its reaction.
B.It is a unique precondition to success in life.
C.In human life, perseverance plays a very important role.
D.Their success will always remain as perfect examples to us.
E.Columbus has left us an adventurous story of perseverance.
F.The task that is easily done at the first attempt is undoubtedly very easy.
G.He was able to do it again through years of hard work and perseverance.
【语篇导读】 本文是议论文。文章通过列举牛顿、哥伦布的经历,论述了在通向成功的道路上坚持不懈的重要性。
1.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据空后句可知,此处说明人能否成功在于是否能够成功地完成最难的任务,F项与下文为转折关系,选项中的task与下文中的tasks相呼应,故选F。
2.【答案】 B
【解析】 根据空前句可知,毅力和努力是成功的必要条件,B项能够衔接上文,选项中的It正是指代上文中的“毅力和努力”这一必要条件,故选B。
3.【答案】 G
【解析】 根据空前句可知,此处是说牛顿12年努力的成果被他的爱犬给毁了,G项能够衔接上文,选项中的He正是指代上文中的the world-famous scientist Sir Isaac Newton,选项中的do it again与前文呼应,故选G。
4.【答案】 E
【解析】 根据下文可知,此处提到的人物是个航海家,E项符合本段语境,下文中的He指代的正是E项中的Columbus,下文则是阐述了哥伦布的冒险经历及其意义,故选E。
5.【答案】 D
【解析】 根据空前句可知,成就大事业的人都具备坚韧不拔的毅力,D项衔接上文,D项中的Their正是指代上文中的All the great men,故选D。[头脑风暴·思维发散]
　　Being an extraordinary and gentle woman genius,Madam Curie managed to discover two kinds of radioactive elements,which were crucial to physics.It was widely acknowledged that she was born in Poland in 1867.Distinct from other girls,she had a strong passion for science and committed her whole life to scientific research.In 1934,Madam Curie passed away and the whole world mourned the great loss of a remarkable scientist.
居里夫人是一位非凡而温柔的天才女性,她成功地发现了两种对物理学至关重要的放射性元素。人们普遍认为她于1867年出生于波兰。与其他女孩不同的是,她对科学很有热情,并将她的一生都奉献给了科学研究。1934年,居里夫人与世长辞,全世界都在为这位杰出科学家的陨落哀悼。
Reading and Thinking,Learning About Language
写作词汇
1.crucial　　　　 adj.至关重要的;关键性的
2.vital adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的
3.boil vt.& vi.(使)沸腾;煮开;烧开
n.沸腾;沸点
4.obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得
vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行
5.defeat n.失败;挫败　vt.击败;战胜
6.insist vi.& vt.坚持;坚决要求
7.mostly adv.主要地;一般地
8.flee vi.& vt.迅速离开;逃跑
9.circumstance n.[usually pl.] 条件;环境;状况
10.flow n.流;流动;流畅;供应
vi.流;流动
阅读词汇
1.physiology n.生理学;生理机能
2.artemisinin n.[药]青蒿素
3.malaria n.疟疾
4.property n.性质;特征;财产
5.extract n.提取物;摘录
vt.提取;提炼;摘录;(用力)拔出
6.liquid n.液体
adj.液体的;液态的
7.substance n.物质;物品;事实根据
8.penicillin n.青霉素;盘尼西林
9.chart n.图表
vt.记录;制订计划
拓展词汇
1.commit vt.承诺;保证 vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的→commitment n.承诺;保证;奉献;投入
2.academy n.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院;学会;专科院校→academic adj.学业的;学术的→academically adv.学术地
3.objective n.目标;目的 adj.客观的→object n.目标;物体;宾语vt.提出……作为反对的理由 vi.反对;不赞成→objection n.反对
4.botanical adj.植物学的→botany n.植物学→botanist n.植物学家
5.evaluate vt.评价;评估→evaluation n.评价;评估;估算
6.distinct adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的→distinction n.差别;特质;优秀;区分;卓越→distinctive adj.独特的;特别的;有特色的
7.acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢→acknowledgement n.承认;感谢;谢礼
8.analyse vt.分析→analysis n.分析
9.apparently adv.显而易见;看来;显然→apparent adj.显然的;显而易见的;表面上的
10.scientific adj.科学(上)的;关于科学的→science n.科学;学科→scientist n.科学家
11.conclusion n.结论;推论→conclude v.推断出;结束;终止→conclusive adj.决定性的
12.novelist n.小说家→novel n.(长篇)小说 adj.新奇的;异常的→novelty n.新颖;新奇
重点词块
1.lead to　　　　　　　 导致;通向
2.die from 死于;因……而死
3.commit oneself to
(sth/doing sth/do sth) 承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
4.graduate from 毕业于……
5.with the objective of 目的是……
6.get stuck 陷入僵局;碰到困难无法继续
7.by chance 偶然;意外地
8.insist on 坚决要求
9.make sure 确保
10.stand up to 经受得住
11.wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损;损耗
12.come to/draw
a conclusion 得出结论
13.be in power 执政,当权
14.flow chart 流程图
重点句型
1.In the beginning,Tu Youyou went to Hainan,where malaria was more common,to study malaria patients.(where引导非限制性定语从句)
起初,屠呦呦奔赴疟疾更为常见的海南研究疟疾患者。
2.Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract,she found a substance that worked.(现在分词作方式状语)
通过使用更低的温度萃取提取物后,她发现了一种有效物质。
3.Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine...”(Upon doing...)
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我……”
4.It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.(it作形式主语)
中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一个荣誉。
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与社会——卓有成就的人物。
2.语篇类型:专题新闻报道。
3.课文内容分析:
本文介绍了屠呦呦的经历和她带领团队为治疗疟疾发现并提取青蒿素的过程。学生阅读本文,归纳屠呦呦及其团队获得成功的原因,可以感受到屠呦呦及其团队的艰辛和伟大,了解传统中医药对人类健康和世界发展的突出贡献和价值,进而反思自我,做好未来职业和人生的规划。
多维解读·浅析结构
【答案】 1.discovery　2.graduated　3.chosen　4.promise　5.effect　6.lower　7.tested
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.What did Tu Youyou decide to turn to for working out a new treatment for malaria
[A]Peking University Medical School. [B]The Chinese government.
[C]Ancient Chinese medical texts. [D]A world-renowned research team.
(　　)2.What can we learn from Paragraph 3
[A]All the medical texts they researched were of no help.
[B]The road of finding artemisinin was not smooth.
[C]Tu’s team found the breakthrough point by experiments.
[D]Tu’s team tested the medicine on animals to ensure safety.
(　　)3.What can we infer from the text
[A]It was Tu Youyou’s personal efforts that contributed to the discovery of artemisinin.
[B]Tu Youyou has helped save numerous lives as she found the cause of getting malaria.
[C]Traditional Chinese medicine has been acknowledged by more people worldwide.
[D]The success of treatment for malaria proves that traditional Chinese medicine is rather valuable to people.
【答案】 1.C　2.B　3.D
二次开发·深研课文
This 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1.　　　　(award) to Tu Youyou,2.　　　　 research led to the discovery of artemisinin,a crucial new treatment for malaria.
Tu Youyou,a 3.　　　　(commit) and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo,China,in 1930,and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.In 1967,the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the 4.　　　　(object) of discovering a new treatment for malaria,and Tu Youyou was 5.　　　　 the first researchers chosen.From their research,they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments.
One medical text suggested 6.　　　　(use) the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.Tu’s team tested 7.　　　　 collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect.They then tried boiling fresh wormwood,and using the liquid obtained from this 8.　　　　(treat) malaria,but this did not work either.Their project got stuck.She then concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood 9.　　　　(apparent) destroyed its medical properties.
Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract,she found a substance that worked.After failing more than 190 times,the team finally succeeded in 1971.Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on 10.　　　　(they) to make sure that it was safe.Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine.There is a team behind me,and all the people of my country...”
【答案】 1.was awarded　2.whose　3.committed　4.objective　5.among　6.using　7.a　8.to treat 9.apparently　10.themselves
1.vital adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的
[教材原句] Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分,据估计每年仅在非洲就挽救了10万人的性命。
例　It is vital that the problem should be solved immediately.
立即解决这个问题是至关重要的。
例　It is widely acknowledged that it is vital to pass on kindness to those needy people.
人们普遍认为向有需要的人传递善意是极其重要的。
例　(应用文写作之建议信)Reading books is vital for human development.
读书对人类的进步非常重要。
归纳 拓展 be vital/crucial to/for...对……很重要 It is vital/crucial to do sth 做某事是很重要的 It is vital/crucial that sb (should) do sth/sth (should) be done ……是十分重要的 be of vital importance to...对……至关重要
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Enough sleep is vital 　　　　 the students’ physical and mental health.
(应用文写作之建议信)It is vital that you 　　　　 (mind) your table manners in China when you attend a dinner party.
对你的朋友们坦诚十分重要。
It is vital 　　　　　　　　　　　　 with your friends.
【答案】 to/for　 (should) mind　 to be honest
2.committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的
·commit vt.承诺;保证;花(钱或时间)
vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
·commitment n.承诺;保证;奉献;投入
[教材原句] Tu Youyou,a committed and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo,China,on 30 December 1930,and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.
屠呦呦,这位尽职尽责、锲而不舍的科学家1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波,1955年毕业于北京大学医学部。
例　They are committed volunteers,watching over the wild animal day and night.
他们是尽心尽力的志愿者,日日夜夜守护着野生动物。
例　Parents have been committed to providing children with high-quality life.
父母一直致力于为孩子提供高品质的生活。
例　(话题写作之人物介绍)Mr Lee was a brilliant scientist whose commitment to his cause greatly impressed many people.
李先生是一位杰出的科学家,他对自己事业的奉献给许多人留下了深刻印象。
归纳拓展 ·commit a mistake 犯错误 commit sb/oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth) 承诺/保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等) ·be committed to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事;对(做)某事很坚定 ·make a commitment to (sth/doing sth/do sth) 承诺做某事
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Being a 　　　　 and reliable person,my son has made a 　　　　 to bravely face various difficulties and encounters.(commit)
(读后续写之神态描写)我在如此多的人面前犯了一个愚蠢的错误,满脸窘得通红。
I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in front of so many people,my face red with embarrassment.
政府致力于保护环境免受污染,已经采取了许多有效措施。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,the government has taken many effective measures.
【答案】 committed;commitment　 committed a silly mistake　 Committed to protecting the environment from being polluted/Committing itself to protecting the environment from being polluted
Committed to the cause of education,he committed every minute to teaching and research.Eventually,his commitment paid off.
他致力于教育事业,把每一分钟都花在教学和研究上,最终他的付出得到了回报。
3.distinct adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的;截然不同的
·distinction n.差别;特质;优秀;区分;卓越
·distinctive adj.独特的;特别的;有特色的
[教材原句] ...they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments...
……他们发现并测试了380种不同的古代中医疗法……
例　It is distinct that we should make a distinction between them.
很明显,我们应该把它们区分开来。
例　The artistic style of this painter is distinct from that of his contemporaries.
这位画家的艺术风格与他同时代的人截然不同。
归纳拓展 ·It is distinct that...很明显…… be distinct from...(in...) (在……方面)与……不同 ·make/draw a distinction 区别对待;区分开来 the distinction between A and B　A与B之间的差别
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/翻译句子
The two posters are distinct 　　　　 each other 　　　　 style.
There are four seasons in a year,each of which has 　　　　 (distinct) features.
英语和汉语是两种完全不同的语言。
对于青少年来说,明辨是非是至关重要的。
【答案】 from;in　 distinctive　 English and Chinese are two entirely distinct languages. It is of vital importance for teenagers to make/draw a distinction between right and wrong.
4.acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等); (公开)感谢;告知收悉
·acknowledgement n.承认;感谢;谢礼
[教材原句] However,Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
然而,屠呦呦并不认输。
例　(应用文写作之人物介绍)He is widely acknowledged as/to be an excellent player.
他被公认为是一名出色的运动员。
例　Tom acknowledged being defeated/having been defeated in the English speech competition,which made him quite depressed.
汤姆承认他在英语演讲比赛中失败了,这使他很沮丧。
例　(应用文写作之语言学习)It’s widely acknowledged that reading plays an important part in learning English.
人们普遍认为阅读在英语学习中起到重要作用。
归纳拓展 acknowledge sb/sth to be/as 承认某人/某物是…… acknowledge doing /having done sth承认做了某事 It is generally/universally/widely acknowledged that...……是大家公认的
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
He acknowledged 　　　　 (make) some mistakes in the English examination.
These flowers are a small 　　　　 (acknowledge) of your great kindness.
She is also acknowledged 　　　　 a great yoga expert.
位于我们校图书馆二楼的自习室给我们学生提供了一个自主学习和合作学习的理想场所,这是大家公认的。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that the self-study room located on the second floor in our school library provides us students with an ideal place for independent and cooperative learning.
【答案】 making/having made　 acknowledgement
as/to be　 It is generally/universally/widely acknowledged
5.conclude v.推断出;结束;终止
·conclusion n.结论;推论;结束;结尾
[教材原句]She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.
她得出结论,认为水煎青蒿显然破坏了它的药学属性。
例　It can be easily concluded that the story concluded with a happy ending.
可以很容易地得出结论,这个故事以一个幸福的结局结束。
例　We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion.
我们将进一步讨论,然后再得出最终结论。
例　In conclusion,strolling is a cheap,safe,enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.
总而言之,散步是一种低价、安全、愉快的锻炼方式,而且随时随地都可以进行。
归纳拓展 ·conclude (sth) with/by doing...以……结束(……) conclude...from...从……中推断出…… conclude (from sth) that...(从某事中)推断出……;(从某事中)断定…… ·draw/reach/come to/arrive at a/the conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion 最后;总之;总而言之
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
What can we conclude 　　　　 the conversation
The meeting concluded 　　　　 an agreement at ten o’clock.
(读后续写之主题升华)总之,我从自己的经历中得出结论:“家庭是生活暴风雨中的救生衣。”
　　　　　　　　,I 　 , “Family is a life jacket in the stormy sea of life.”
【答案】 from　 with　 In conclusion;drew/reached/came to/arrived at a conclusion from/concluded from my own experience
6.insist vi.& vt.坚持;坚决要求
·insistence n. 坚决要求,坚持
[教材原句]Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
屠呦呦与团队成员甚至坚持以身试药,以确保药物的安全性。
例　(话题写作之运动与健康) Only when we insist on working out regularly can we build up our body.
只有当我们坚持有规律地锻炼时,我们才能强健体魄。
例　He insists that he is right and that measures (should) be taken in advance.
他坚持认为自己是对的,并坚决要求应该提前采取措施。
归纳拓展 insist on/upon (sb/sth) (doing) sth 坚决要求(某人/某物)(做)某事/坚持做某事 insist(坚决要求/主张) that...,从句用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形” insist(坚持说/认为) that...,从句用陈述语气
与insist用法相似的词还有suggest。当suggest作“建议”讲时,其后的从句要用虚拟语气;作“表明,暗示”讲时,其后的从句用陈述语气。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子/翻译句子
The young man insisted that he 　　　　 (send) to the countryside to work as a practice teacher.
Her pale face suggested that she 　　　　 (be) ill,and her mother suggested that she 　　　　 (go) to hospital as soon as possible.
(话题写作之语言学习)只有当你坚持运用你所学的东西,你才能够尽快掌握汉语。
Only when you 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 can you master Chinese as quickly as possible.
老师坚持认为成功的秘诀在于强大的意志力。
【答案】 (should) be sent　 was;(should) go　 insist on putting what you have learnt into use　 The teacher insists that the secret to success lies in the strong willpower.
7.circumstance n.[usually pl.]条件;环境;状况
[教材原句] There is nothing we can do to help Linda.Her circumstances are beyond our control.
我们帮不了琳达。她的情况我们无法控制。
例　His words were of little comfort in the circumstances.
在这种情况下,他的话起不了什么安慰作用。
例　(读后续写之主题升华)My teacher always reminds me that in/under no circumstances should I abandon my learning goals once I set them.
我的老师总是提醒我,一旦设定了学习目标,在任何情况下都不应该放弃。
归纳拓展 family/personal circumstances 家庭/个人经济状况 in/under...circumstances 在……情况下 in/under no circumstances 绝不;无论如何不(置于句首时,句子部分倒装)
表示否定意义的介词短语at no time(在任何时候都不)、on no condition(无论如何都不)、on no account(绝不)、in no way(绝不)、in no sense(绝不)等位于句首时,句子部分倒装。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/语段填空
It is personal efforts instead of social and financial 　　　　 (circumstance) that play a crucial part in one’s development.
(话题写作之人物描写)我的搭档生病了。即使在这种情况下,他仍然不遗余力地和我一起分析、评估我们收集的数据,我内心深处的敬佩之情油然而生。他说无论如何他都不会向困难屈服。
My partner was ill. 　 , he still spared no effort to analyse and evaluate our collected data,and a feeling of admiration began to rise in my deep heart.He said that 　　　　　　　　　　　　 would he give in to difficulties.
【答案】 circumstances　 Even under/in the circumstances;in/under no circumstances
现在分词作方式状语
[教材原句] Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract,she found a substance that worked.
通过使用更低的温度萃取提取物后,她发现了一种有效物质。
★句中使用了现在分词作方式状语,use与主语she之间是主动关系。
例　(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)He loved to explore the woods around his house,observing how nature solved problems.
他喜欢探索房子周围的树林,观察大自然是如何解决问题的。
例　The coach is a master in volleyball and has led her team to world champions,showing great sportsmanship to the world.
这位教练是排球界的高手,曾带领她的球队获得过世界冠军,向世界展示了伟大的体育精神。
[归纳拓展]
①有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语,它们往往作为句子的评注性状语修饰整个句子,表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如:generally speaking(一般来说)、judging by/from ...(从……判断)、taking everything into consideration(从各方面考虑)。
②现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语发出的动作,表示主动关系;过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,表示被动关系。
[语境运用] 完成句子/翻译句子
没过多久,一顿丰盛的早餐就做好了,散发出阵阵香味。
It was not long before a perfect breakfast was well done,　 .
她为我们学生树立了一个好榜样,完全值得我尊敬。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to us students,she fully deserves my respect.
在除夕,我的家人通常聚在一起吃晚饭,分享一些有趣的经历。
知道你喜欢音乐,我想邀请你参加今年的音乐节。
【答案】 giving off nice smell　 Setting a good example　 On Chinese New Year’s Eve,my family usually get together,having dinner and sharing some interesting experiences.　 Knowing that you are fond of music,I would like to invite you to attend this year’s music festival.
on/upon + 动词-ing形式/名词
[教材原句] Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine...”
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我……”
★在本句中,“介词upon + 动词-ing形式”为介词短语作时间状语。
例　(读后续写之情感描写)Upon knowing that he was admitted to his dream school,the boy was so excited that he burst into tears.
得知自己被梦寐以求的学校录取后,这个男孩激动得热泪盈眶。
例　Upon their return to the country,the women’s volleyball team received praise and flowers.
女排一回国,就收到了赞誉和鲜花。
[归纳拓展]
其他引导时间状语从句,表示“一……就……”的词汇或结构还有:
①as soon as
②the moment,the instant,the second,the minute
③immediately,directly,instantly
④no sooner...than...,hardly...when.../scarcely...when...
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
　　　　 learning that Bernard was caught in difficulty,John was immediately committed to helping him by making popcorn.
(读后续写之场景描写)我的头一从大南瓜里拔出来,我就松了一口气。
→　 , I sighed in relief.(as soon as)
→　 , I sighed in relief.(the instant)
→
I sighed in relief.(hardly...when...)
【答案】 Upon/On　 As soon as my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin;The instant my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin;Hardly had my head been pulled out of the huge pumpkin when
[教材原句] This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner),whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin,a crucial new treatment for malaria.
尝试分析:本句是主从复合句,主句运用了被动语态,whose引导的是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Tu Youyou。
自主翻译:本年度的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖已授予屠呦呦(得主之一),她的研究使青蒿素这种至关重要的新型抗疟疾药物得以被发现。
[语境运用] 情境写作
孙中山(Sun Yat-sen)被普遍认为是一位伟大的革命家,他的影响建立在他为创建一个更好的社会持续不断的努力之上。
Sun Yat-sen was widely acknowledged to be a great revolutionist,whose influence was based on his continuous struggle for building a better society.
语法微专题1　非限制性定语从句
This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner),whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin,a crucial new treatment for malaria.
In the beginning,Tu Youyou went to Hainan,where malaria was more common,to study malaria patients.
Later,the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom recovered.
This medicine,which was called artemisinin,soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
　　通过分析以上句子我们可以发现,它们均为非限制性定语从句。观察每个句子并尝试说出限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句之间的异同。
一、使用非限制性定语从句的情况
1.关系代词指代整个主句的内容。
They worked out a solution despite all the hardship,which was rather inspiring for us.
他们不畏艰难,想出了一个解决办法,这让我们颇受启发。
2.先行词是专有名词或被物主代词、指示代词修饰。
Yesterday she sold her car,which she bought a month ago.
昨天她卖掉了她一个月之前买的汽车。
3.“名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词”结构中。
此结构常见的有some(several、a few、many、most、part、the largest等) of which/whom形式。有时of which/whom可以提到名词、代词等前面。
He has six suits,of which two are black.
他有六套西服,其中两套是黑色的。
I have some friends,some of whom are experts.
我有一些朋友,其中有些是专家。
　[语境运用] 用适当的关系词填空
The man,　　　　 was wearing a black suit,is my uncle.
The Chinese knot,　　　　 is a pretty decoration popular with the Chinese,is usually hung in the sitting room.
In our factory there are 2,000 workers,two thirds of 　　　　 are women.
Our school library,in 　　　　 we often spend our after-school hours,has a wide collection of books.
【答案】 who　 which　 whom　 which
二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
1.意义不同。
在限制性定语从句中,从句不可省略,否则原句句意不完整;而非限制性定语从句若去掉从句,主句意思仍完整。
There’s a park near the school where I often go with other students at the weekend.
学校附近有一个公园,周末我经常和其他学生一起去。(限制性定语从句,起限定作用,去掉从句句意不完整)
The house,which we bought last month,lies in the centre of the city.
那所房子位于市中心,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性定语从句,补充说明购买时间,去掉从句句意仍完整)
2.结构要求不同。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,从句与先行词之间不加逗号;而非限制性定语从句用逗号与先行词或主句隔开。
Do you know the man who is clever at painting
你认识那个擅长绘画的人吗 (限制性定语从句)
Our class will hold a theme class meeting,which will be exhibited on the campus website.
我们班级将举办一次主题班会,将在校园网站上展示。(非限制性定语从句)
3.作用不同。
限制性定语从句起修饰限制作用,只可修饰先行词;而非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用,可修饰先行词或主句。
This is the best novel that I have ever read.
这是我所读过的小说中最好的一部。(限制性定语从句,先行词是novel)
The novel,which I read last night,is very interesting.
我昨天晚上看的那部小说非常有趣。(非限制性定语从句,先行词是the novel)
The book is very interesting,which makes me very excited.
这本书很有趣,这让我很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句,which指代前面整句话的内容)
4.省略情况不同。
限制性定语从句关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略;而非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可以省略。
This is a good story (which/that) I read a few days ago.
这是我几天前看过的一个好故事。(限制性定语从句关系代词可以省略)
Last week,we took the foreign students to experience the authentic tea culture,which turned out to be worthwhile.
上个星期,我们带领外国学生体验了正宗的茶文化,结果证明非常值得。(非限制性定语从句关系代词不可以省略)
　[语境运用] 用适当的关系词填空
She has been writing for more than half a year,　　　　 is quite unexpected to her.
He is a warm-hearted man,　　　　 lives next to me.
The old man has three sons,two of 　　　　 work as teachers.
【答案】 which　 who　 whom
三、as、which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
1.as引导非限制性定语从句时,as一般指代整个主句;而which引导非限制性定语从句时,which既可以指代整个主句,也可以指代主句的一部分。
As we can see,it is impossible to get satisfying results without continuous efforts.
我们可以看到,如果没有持续不断的努力,就不可能取得令人满意的结果。
I was deeply inspired by the artwork I admired yesterday,which was completed by a famous painter.
昨天,我欣赏了一件由一位知名画家完成的艺术作品,深受启发。
He always concentrates all his attention on work,which often makes him forget eating and sleeping.
他总是全神贯注于工作,这使他常常忘记吃饭和睡觉。
2.as引导的从句位置比较灵活,可以位于主句之前或之后,而which引导的从句仅能位于主句之后。
As is known to all,our country is sure to turn more advanced and more powerful with all the people working together.
众所周知,在全体人民的共同努力下,我们的国家一定会变得更加先进、更加强大。
Practice is the only way of testing truth,as we know.
我们知道,实践是检验真理的唯一方式。
I am now used to getting up early and working out every day,which enables me to become healthier.
我现在习惯了每天早起锻炼,这让我变得更加健康。
3.as引导从句时常译为“正如”,而which常译为“这;那”。常用句型有as we all know、as is known to all、as everybody can see、as is expected等。
As everybody can see,great changes have taken place in China.
正如大家所能看到的,中国已发生了巨大的变化。
Tom won first prize in the competition,which made his parents happy.
汤姆在比赛中获得一等奖,这使得他父母很开心。
　[语境运用] 用适当的关系词填空
The writer combined his experiences and imagination in his new fiction,　　　　 is reported by the magazine.
We should do more reading,　　　　 will expand our horizons.
【答案】 as　 which
四、使用非限制性定语从句应注意的问题
1.非限制性定语从句不用that引导。
Water,which is a clear liquid,has many uses.
水是一种清澈的液体,有许多用途。
2.非限制性定语从句不能用why引导,要用for which代替why。
I had told them the reason,for which I didn’t attend the meeting.
我已经告诉了他们为什么我没有参加会议。
3.非限制性定语从句中,关系代词指代的可以是整个主句的内容,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
The sun heats the Earth,which makes it possible for plants to grow.
太阳给予地球热量,这就使植物的生长成为可能。 (which指代整个主句的内容)
　[语境运用] 用适当的关系词填空
He achieved great progress in the midterm exams,　　　　 made him feel much more confident.
The reason,　　　　 he was absent,was that he buried himself in a maths problem and forgot the time.
【答案】 which　 for which
1.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu,　　　　 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon,William Shakespeare’s hometown.
【答案】 who
【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰Tang Xianzu,且先行词Tang Xianzu在从句中充当主语,指人。故填who。
2.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Besides,working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students,many of 　　　　 have emotional control issues.
【答案】 whom
【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,该从句为“数词+介词+关系词”的结构,关系词指人,故填whom。
3.(2023·全国甲卷)He stressed the self-cultivation,respect for elders,and the pursuit of knowledge,　　　　 serves as a guiding light in our fast-paced and interconnected world.
【答案】 which
【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,指物,故填which。
4.(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable development of this city,　　　　 is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world,means there is always something new to discover here...
【答案】 which
【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,指物,故填which。
5.(2023·浙江1月卷)The activity began with a lecture by a local botanist,　　　　 taught us about the different characteristics and uses of various plant species.
【答案】 who
【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,指人,故填who。
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.China Daily attracts a worldwide readership,　　　　 shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
2.Soon children in the camp had many friends,with 　　　　 they shared food and stories.
3.This is our headmaster,　　　　 I think has something crucial to tell you.
4.Students should involve themselves in community activities 　　　　 they can gain experience for growth.
5.The manager,in 　　　　 office I just attended an interview,asked me to go back,waiting for the reply.
6.She has written a book,the name of 　　　　 I have forgotten.
7.“You can’t judge a book by its cover.” 　　　　 the old saying goes.
8.We went through a period 　　　　 communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
9.I have two friends in the company,from 　　　　 I got the good news the other day.
10.In ancient China lived an artist 　　　　 paintings were almost lifelike.
【答案】 1.which　2.whom　3.who　4.where
5.whose　6.which　7.as　8.when
9.whom　10.whose
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1.我想邀请你参加这次分享活动,我认为这会帮助你了解更多名人的故事。
2.他创造了许多优秀的经典作品,因此曾被授予诺贝尔奖。
3.我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周,届时天气可能会好些。
4.我们应该感谢辛勤的老师,从他们那里我们学到了很多。
5.正如人们期望的那样,他实验做得非常成功。
【答案】 1.I’d like to invite you to join this sharing activity,which I think will help you learn about more stories of great men.
2.He created a number of excellent classical works,for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize.
3.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,when the weather may be better.
4.We are expected to thank our hard-working teachers,from whom we have learnt a lot.
5.He did the experiment successfully,as had been expected.UNIT 1　课时作业(四)
单元知识综合练
(分值:51.5分)
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共9题;每题1分,共9分)
1.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①I was turning the page to get ready for the next page,but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand.　　　　　 　　
②The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm and is located at Roma Street station.　　　　　　　
③Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyse your short and long term objectives,keeping in mind your beliefs,values and strengths.　　　　　　　
④He discovered a novel method to extract the useful substance.　　　　　　　
【答案】 ①气流　② 财物;财产　③目标　④新颖的
2.flow
A.n.流动　B.n.流畅　C.n.供应　D.vi.(液体)流动　E.vi.(大量人或物)流动
①There is no denying that the government encourages the flow of goods and services to remote areas.　　
②Before and during the popular festival,controlling the flow of crowds was a key issue.　　
③Large numbers of villagers continue to flow into big cities to search for jobs.　　
④As far as I am concerned,too many examples can interrupt the smooth flow of the text.　　
⑤It’s here that the river flows down into the ocean.　　
【答案】 ①C　②A　③E　④B　⑤D　
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Characteristics of an Excellent Scientist
The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences,especially natural science.It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods.1.　　
Curiosity.
2.　　　 Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work.Without a drive to ask questions or even wonder,a scientist will never get to the first stage of the scientific process.
Patience.
Becoming a scientist takes a long time.There are very few jobs that take longer than this one.3.　　　 If you’re an instant-gratification type of person,this may not be the best choice for you.
Ethical (道德的) qualities.
In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good,a scientist must have a desire to improve people’s life as well as the environment,since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run.4.　　
Sticking to an old belief contradicted with evidence is dishonest.However,that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence.
5.　　
An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation and keeps it in mind.He/She can work well alone or in groups depending on what’s needed,and he/she also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally.Networking connects him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new.
A.Working habits.
B.A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal interests or public opinion.
C.An excellent scientist must be very curious about things.
D.You still have much scientific research to do even if you received education on science.
E.One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory.
F.Working time.
G.Let’s look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了优秀的科学家应该具备的一些性格特征与优秀品质。
1.【答案】 G
【解析】 根据上文可知,词典将科学家定义为“在一门或多门科学,特别是自然科学领域具有专业知识,使用科学方法的人”。结合下文介绍的科学家应有的特征可知,空处应起到承上启下的作用。故选G。
2.【答案】 C
【解析】 根据小标题“Curiosity.”以及下文科学家如托马斯·爱迪生和乔治·威斯汀豪斯发现事物主要是因为他们想知道事物是如何工作的可知,科学家都对于这个世界的一切未知抱有探索的欲望,对于一切充满好奇心,这是他们发现新事物的原因。故选C。
3.【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文成为一名科学家需要很长时间,以及下文对于即时满足型的人来讲,这不是最好的选择可知,上文中关键词takes a long time以及下文关键词an instant-gratification type of person、not be the best choice for you与D项(have much scientific research to do)有对应关系,表明成为科学家需要很长时间,也需要耐心。故选D。
4.【答案】 B
【解析】 上文提到,科学家必须有改善人们生活和环境的愿望,下文坚持与证据相矛盾的旧观念是不诚实的,由此可知,科学家需要有更高的社会责任心与道德价值观,这与B项对应。故选B。
5.【答案】 A
【解析】 下文提到,一位优秀的科学家甚至会记下最微小的观察结果并将其牢记在心等工作细节,由此可知,本段主要介绍科学家应有好的工作习惯,这将有助于他/她的工作和发现。故选A。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
As the Chinese saying goes,“A seed can change the world;a variety can benefit a nation.”
Zhang Daorong,who has spent many years 　1　 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security,has done both.The woman,who is called the “mother of wheat”,is a 　2　 at the Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Xiangyang City.
The research into new varieties requires strict standards and 　3　 experiments.“The first 　4　 is to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose.Then we try a hybrid combination,” Zhang explained.“After several generations of 　5　 and selection,and when characteristics remain stable,we 　6　 a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification.” And after several more rounds of tests,a(n) 　7　 for evaluation and approval can be made for market production.
“Generally speaking,a good new 　8　 should produce high yields,have stable production,and 　9　 good resistance to bad conditions,” she added.“ 　10　,it also should be accepted by the market.”
Zhang added that the team　11　 70,000 to 80,000 seedlings (幼苗) each year.All year round they were busy with 　12　 experiments on the growth of the new seedlings and making records and analyses.
“Agricultural research work is　13　 and complicated.Sometimes your efforts do not 　14　.All we can do then is think more,discuss more and find 　15　 on the land,” she said.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了张道荣和她的团队培育新小麦品种的事迹。
(　　)1.[A]advertising [B]cultivating
[C]discussing [D]observing
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据空后的“13 new varieties of wheat”可知,此处是指培育(cultivating)小麦。故选B。
(　　)2.[A]journalist [B]teacher
[C]researcher [D]manager
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文“who has spent many years 　1　 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security”可推知,张道荣是一位研究小麦的研究员(researcher)。故选C。
(　　)3.[A]precise [B]efficient
[C]simple [D]expensive
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据空前的“strict standards”可知,此处是指精确的(precise)实验。故选A。
(　　)4.[A]way [B]attempt
[C]step [D]question
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据空后的“to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose”,再结合常识可知,找到适合特定培养目的的父本和母本类型是培育新品种的第一步(step)。故选C。
(　　)5.[A]encouragement [B]support
[C]management [D]trial
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据常识可知,培育新品种需要对几代(植物)进行试验(trial)和筛选,才能选出最优品种。故选D。
(　　)6.[A]begin [B]continue
[C]follow [D]repeat
【答案】 A
【解析】 结合上文提到选出最优品种和空后的“a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification”可知,接下来就应该开始(begin)产量测试和疾病鉴定。故选A。
(　　)7.[A]practice [B]application
[C]declaration [D]invitation
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据空前的“And after several more rounds of tests”可知,几轮测试合格后,便可申请(application)评估。故选B。
(　　)8.[A]environment [B]machine
[C]farmland [D]variety
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文“Zhang Daorong,who has spent many years 　1　 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security,has done both.”可知,此处是指一个新的种类(variety)。故选D。
(　　)9.[A]produce [B]enhance
[C]show [D]develop
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据空后的“good resistance to bad conditions”可知,此处是指新品种要表现出(show)良好的抵抗力。故选C。
(　　)10.[A]Besides [B]However
[C]Therefore [D]Otherwise
【答案】 A
【解析】 结合语境及also可知,此处是对上文的补充说明,Besides符合语境,故选A。
(　　)11.[A]watered [B]bought
[C]protected [D]planted
【答案】 D
【解析】 结合该团队培育新品种的事实以及“70,000 to 80,000 seedlings (幼苗) each year”可知,此处是指每年种植(planted)7万至8万株幼苗。故选D。
(　　)12.[A]reporting [B]designing
[C]conducting [D]studying
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据空后的“experiments on the growth of the new seedlings”可知,此处是指进行(conducting)实验。故选C。
(　　)13.[A]normal [B]tough
[C]varied [D]specific
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据“complicated”并结合上文提到他们一次又一次的试验可知,农业研究是艰难(tough)且复杂的。故选B。
(　　)14.[A]end up [B]run out
[C]break up [D]pay off
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文“Agricultural research work is 　13　 and complicated.”可知,农业研究的特点是有时研究人员的付出可能没有回报(pay off)。故选D。
(　　)15.[A]answers [B]comfort
[C]dreams [D]courage
【答案】 A
【解析】 上文提到有时付出可能没有回报再结合空前的“think more,discuss more”可知,研究人员只能多思考多讨论,以求在土地上找到答案(answers),也就是如何才能培育出优质的新品种。故选A。
Ⅳ.应用文写作(15分)
假设你是李华,你校英语报社正在开展“The Person I Admire Most”征文活动,请用英语写一篇文章投稿。内容如下:
1.你最敬佩的人——袁隆平;
2.他的主要事迹;
3.你对他的评价。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
[写作指导]
　　One possible version:
Yuan Longping,acknowledged as the “father of hybrid rice”,is the person I admire most.
Born in 1930 in Beijing,he graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.As a researcher,insisting that hybrid rice was an effective way to fight the world hunger,he committed himself to developing hybrid rice despite numerous difficulties he encountered.Through his great efforts,the hybrid rice was finally developed,whose various strains later helped feed people at home and abroad,which earned him many awards.However,he cared little about fame or wealth,making large donations to support agricultural research.
Such was Yuan Longping,who had remarkable achievements but remained devoted and plain.Using Language,Assessing Your Progress,Video Time
写作词汇
1.found　　　　　 vt.创建;建立;把……建立在
2.theory n.理论;学说
3.genius n.(pl.geniuses) 天才;天资;天赋
4.patent n.专利;专利证书;获得专利
adj.有专利的;受专利保护的
5.extraordinary adj.不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的
6.encounter vt.偶然碰到;遇到
n.邂逅;遭遇
7.professor n.教授
8.brilliant adj.聪颖的;绝妙的
9.remarkable adj.非凡的;显著的
10.device n.方法;技巧;装置;仪器
11.draft n.草稿;草案
vt.起草;草拟
阅读词汇
1.numerous 　　 adj.众多的;许多的
2.formula n.公式;方程式;配方
3.doctorate n.博士学位
4.photoelectric adj.光电的
5.moustache n.上唇的胡子;髭
6.peculiarity n.个性;特点;怪异的性质
7.mourn vt.& vi.哀悼;忧伤
拓展词汇
1.infer vt.推断;推定→inference n.推理;推论;推断
2.politician n.从政者;政治家;政客→politics n.政治→political adj.政治的;政府的
3.relativity n.相对论;相对性→relative adj.相对的;有关系的→relatively adv.相当地;相对地
4.gentle adj.温柔的;文静的→gently adv.轻轻地;温柔地
5.passion n.酷爱;激情→passionate adj.热诚的;狂热的
6.gradually adv.逐渐地;逐步地→gradual adj.逐渐的;逐步的
7.institution n.社会公共机构;制度;习俗→institute n.(教育、专业等)机构;机构建筑
8.consequence n.结果;后果→consequent adj.随之发生的;作为结果的→consequently adv.所以;因此
重点词块
1.make contributions to 　　 为……作出贡献
2.due to 由于;应归于
3.come to power (开始)掌权;上台
4.as a consequence 因此;结果
5.take up a position 担任;任职
6.make great achievements 取得巨大成就
7.be mistaken for 被误认为……;被误解为……
8.pass away 去世
9.sum up 总结;概括
10.knock on 敲;击
11.out of a passion for... 出于对……的热情
12.stand on end 竖立起来
重点句型
1.He made numerous contributions to the world,the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2.(独立主格结构)
他为世界作出了无数的贡献,最为出名的当数广义相对论和著名的方程式E=mc2。
2.While working there,out of a strong passion for knowledge,he continued to study,earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.(状语从句的省略)
工作期间,出于强烈的求知欲,他仍继续学习,于1905年获得物理学博士学位。
3.He had a thick moustache and long white hair,which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.(as though引导方式状语从句)
他胡须浓密,头发又长又白,有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。
4.On 18 April 1955,it was reported that Einstein had passed away,and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.(it is/was reported that...)
1955年4月18日,噩耗传来,爱因斯坦与世长辞,全世界都为一代科学巨星的陨落哀悼。
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与社会——对社会有突出贡献的人物。
2.语篇类型:人物传记。
3.课文内容分析:
本文简要叙述了著名科学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的一生,是一篇以青少年为目标读者的人物传记。先简要说明爱因斯坦的杰出成就和突出贡献,然后按时间顺序叙述了爱因斯坦的生平,最后着墨于爱因斯坦作为普通人的一面。阅读本文,有利于培养学生树立正确的人生观、价值观,并懂得普通人如果拥有梦想,坚持不懈地努力,脚踏实地地做好每件事,在自己平凡的岗位上为社会作出贡献,也能有其伟大之处。
多维解读·浅析结构
【答案】 1.contributions　2.achievements　3.personality　4.death
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.What type of writing is the text
[A]Exposition. [B]Biography.
[C]Argumentation. [D]Practical writing.
(　　)2.Which of the following words can best describe Einstein’s mid-life
[A]Unstable. [B]Smooth.
[C]Difficult. [D]Easy.
(　　)3.Why did the writer give the example of a little girl in Paragraph 5
[A]To show Einstein was humorous.
[B]To show Einstein was a great scientist.
[C]To show Einstein was friendly.
[D]To show Einstein didn’t care about fame.
【答案】 1.B　2.A　3.C
1.passion n.酷爱;激情;盛怒
·passionate adj.热诚的;狂热的
[教材原句] While working there,out of a strong passion for knowledge,he continued to study,earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.
工作期间,出于强烈的求知欲,他仍继续学习,于1905年获得物理学博士学位。
例　(话题写作之人物介绍)He had a great passion for basketball at an early age,though he failed to make the school team at first,he always practise his techniques full of passion/with passion and finally became a legend.
他在很小的时候就对篮球有着极大的热情,虽然他一开始没能入选校队,但他总是充满激情地练习他的技术,最终成为传奇。
例　Being good at something and passionate about it are not enough,and more importantly we need persistence.
仅仅擅长某件事并对它充满热情是不够的,更重要的是我们需要坚持不懈。
归纳拓展 ·have a passion for 热爱;酷爱…… full of passion 充满激情 with passion满怀激情 ·be passionate about 酷爱……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/翻译句子
When I was a little girl,I had a passion 　　　　 dolls.
(2023·浙江1月卷)Instructors are 　　　　 (passion) educators who are experts in their fields and have undergone training and a background check.
你的演讲一直都是充满激情和活力的,体现了我们这个年龄的朝气蓬勃。
【答案】 for　 passionate　 Your speeches are always full of passion and energy,which can speak for the youthful spirit of our age.
2.consequence n.结果;后果
·consequent adj.随之发生的;作为结果的
·consequently adv.所以;因此
[教材原句] As a consequence,he had to flee Germany.
因此,他不得不逃离德国。
例　Realising the consequences of not studying hard,Sarah decided to change her habits and work harder to pass her classes.
意识到不努力学习的后果后,莎拉决定改变她的习惯,更加努力地学习,以便通过她的课程。
例　As a consequence of Mary’s hard work,she was eventually admitted to her ideal university.
由于玛丽努力学习,她最终被理想的大学录取。
归纳拓展 as a consequence=in consequence=as a result 因此;结果 as a consequence of...=in consequence of=as a result of...由于……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
Your failure was 　　　　 on your constant laziness and 　　　　,you should face the terrible 　　　　 bravely while pondering how to change yourself.(consequence)
昨天下雨了,因此足球比赛取消了。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　 the rain,the football match was cancelled yesterday.
→It rained yesterday and 　　　　　　　　　　 the football match was cancelled.
【答案】 consequent;consequently;consequences
As a consequence of/In consequence of/As a result of;as a consequence/in consequence/as a result
One of the worst consequences of smoking for a long time is that you may suffer from lung cancer.In consequence,it is necessary for you to give up smoking.When you do want to smoke,switching to other alternatives is of consequence.
长时间吸烟最坏的后果之一是你可能会患肺癌。因此,你有必要戒烟。当你的确想吸烟时,转向其他的替代品是有效果的。
3.take up a position 担任;任职
[教材原句] After spending time in Europe,he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton,USA.
在欧洲度过一段时间后,他终于在美国普林斯顿高等研究院谋得研究员一职。
例　After years of hard work,she finally took up a position as the CEO of a large company.
经过多年的努力工作,她终于担任了一家大公司的首席执行官。
归纳拓展 take up拿起;接受;开始从事;占用(时间或空间) take away解除;消除;拿走;夺去 take down 拿下;取下;记下 take in理解;欺骗;接纳;吸收;收留 take off脱去;起飞;突然成功 take on呈现;雇用;承担 take over 接手;接管
[语境运用] 用take的相关短语填空
He will 　　　　　　　　 his position as chairman of the Students’ Association at the end of next month.
When the delayed flight will 　　　　　　　　　 depends much on the weather.
I hardly 　　　　　　　　 what the teacher said in class,which made me in low spirits.
With the development of science and technology,our country has 　　　　　　　　 a new look.
【答案】 take up　 take off　 took in　 taken on
4.remarkable adj.非凡的;显著的
·remark n.&v.谈论;评述;言论;评论
·remarkably adv.不寻常地;惊人地
[教材原句] Apart from his remarkable achievements,what does the passage tell us about Einstein’s life
除了他卓越的成就,关于爱因斯坦的生活,这篇文章告诉了我们什么
例　Beethoven was a truly remarkable musician.
贝多芬是一位真正杰出的音乐家。
例　The area is remarkable for its beautiful scenery.
这一地区以美丽的风景著称。
归纳拓展 ·be remarkable for...因……著称 It is remarkable that...不同寻常的是…… ·remark on/upon...就……发表意见;评论 ·make a remark/remarks on/about...就……发表意见;评论……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)After two years,the second group saw 　　　　 (remark) improvements in heart health.
The judges remarked 　　　　 the high standard of entries for the competition.
It turns out that the cats were 　　　　 (remarkable) smart about what would happen when a container was tipped over.
北京是中国的首都,因悠久而辉煌的历史著称于世。
Beijing,the capital of China,　　　　　　　　　 its long magnificent history.
【答案】 remarkable　 on/upon　 remarkably　 is remarkable for
5.sum up 总结;概括
[教材原句] Use your notes to write your introduction and sum up how you feel about this person.
用你的笔记来写一篇(人物)介绍,并总结你对这个人的看法。
例　His speech summed up the present situation of economy.
他的演讲概述了目前的经济形势。
例　He is saving a sum of money to buy a house for his family.
他正在存一笔钱以便买一所房子供全家居住。
归纳拓展 ·sum up 总结;概述;计算……的总数(sum up是动副词组,代词需要放中间) to sum up 总之 ·in sum 总而言之;大体上 a (large/considerable) sum of money 一(大)笔钱
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/翻译句子
He donated a large sum 　　　　 money to the local charity.
　　　　 sum,university students should not waste their time and energy doing business.
Many people spoke at the meeting,and finally the chairman 　　　　 (sum) up the discussion.
总之,这是一部既适合儿童又适合成人的精彩电影。
【答案】 of　 In　 summed　 To sum up,it is an amazing film which is suitable for both children and adults.
独立主格结构
[教材原句]He made numerous contributions to the world,the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2.
他为世界作出了无数的贡献,最为出名的当数广义相对论和著名的方程式E=mc2。
★“the most well-known being the general theory...”为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。在“逻辑主语+现在分词”结构中,现在分词表示的动作与其逻辑主语是主动关系。该结构在句中常作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语和方式状语等。
例　The audience being present,the concert began.
观众到场后,音乐会开始了。(时间状语)
例　Many experts being present,I felt very nervous.
由于有很多专家出席,我感到很紧张。(原因状语)
例　Weather permitting,we’ll have a picnic this Sunday.
天气允许的话,我们这个星期天去野餐。(条件状语)
[归纳拓展]
①独立主格结构的逻辑主语和句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
②独立主格结构中的名词或代词与后面的动词-ing形式、过去分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。
③在“名词+介词短语”的独立主格结构中,逻辑主语有无修饰语与介词短语中名词前有无修饰语必须保持一致。
The teacher came in,(a) bag under (his) arm.
老师进来了,腋下夹着一个包。
[语境运用] 完成句子/翻译句子
(读后续写之动作描写)下课了,兴奋的学生们站起来,抓起书包,像箭一样冲出教室。
　　　　　　　　,the excited students rose to their feet,grabbed their schoolbags and rushed out of the classroom like arrow.
窗户开着,星光闪烁,他们说着话。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,they talked.
马克紧紧抱住他的朋友,眼里都是感激的泪水。
Mark hugged his friend tightly,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
(读后续写之情绪描写)双手掩面,她放声大哭。
(读后续写之动作描写)他冲向房子,眼睛里闪烁着兴奋的光芒。
【答案】 Class over　 The window open and the stars shining　 tears of gratitude in his eyes　 Her face buried in her hands,she wept wildly.　 He dashed to the house,his eyes shining with excitement.
as though引导方式状语从句
[教材原句] He had a thick moustache and long white hair,which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.
他胡须浓密,头发又长又白,有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。
★句中的as though引导方式状语从句,意为 “好像;似乎”,相当于as if引导方式状语从句。
例　Look at the clouds in the sky!It looks as if it is going to rain.Let’s hurry up.
看看天上的云!看起来要下雨了。咱们快一点。
例　(2022·浙江1月卷)I felt he treated me as though I would hold him back and probably make him fail to get an A in the course.
我觉得他对待我的态度就好像我会拖他后腿,并可能会让他在这门课上拿不到A。
例　The child talks to us as if he were an adult.
那个小孩跟我们讲话时就像个成年人一样。
[归纳拓展]
当从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句谓语又包含动词be时,从句主语和谓语中的动词be通常可以省略。
　[语境运用] 完成句子
乌云密布,看上去好像要下雨了。
The clouds gathering,it looked 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
童年的记忆如此清晰地浮现在我的脑海里,仿佛那些事就发生在昨天一样。
Childhood memories came back to me so clearly,　 .
我不知道她为什么看着我,好像她认识我一样。但我以前从未见过她。
　.
But I’ve never seen her before.
【答案】 as though/if it was going to rain　 as though/if the events had happened only yesterday　 I don’t know why she is looking at me as though/if she knew me
[教材原句] When he was 16,he tried to enter university in Switzerland,but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam, despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics.
尝试分析:本句是一个but连接的并列复合句, 是when引导的时间状语从句, 是介词短语作状语。
自主翻译:16岁时,他报考瑞士的大学,尽管入学考试中的数学和物理成绩十分优异,但是因为通识部分的成绩低而未被录取。
[语境运用] 情境写作
在读高中时,他被选去参加全国英语口语比赛,尽管做了充分的准备,但是因为在演讲中太紧张,他表现欠佳。
When he was in high school,he was chosen to participate in a National Spoken English Competition,but he performed not well due to his nervousness in the lecture,despite making full preparations.
写作微专题1　Introduce someone you admire
1.文体类型:介绍你钦佩的一个人,属于记叙文范畴。
2.要点内容:
　　在介绍你钦佩的一个人时,要重点突出三个方面,即人物介绍、事迹叙述和简短的人物评价。人物介绍往往包括该人物的出生日期、出生地、家庭背景、教育背景。事迹叙述也是人物写作的重要部分,主要是写人物作出的贡献或者取得的成就。人物评价是对所描述的人物进行评价,评价需客观公正。
[思路指引]
1.介绍人物的背景信息。
...was born in.../ into a... family.../at the age of.../ when... was young...
2.介绍人物的爱好特长。
be good at/do well in/be expert in/have a talent for/have a gift for/be qualified for/be fit for/have a good knowledge/command of/with a great passion for ...
3.介绍人物的经历和成就。
be committed/devoted to.../insist on.../be determined to.../overcome many difficulties/make great contributions to.../contribute to...
4.对人物的评价。
set a good example to us /a model teacher/worker/be respected by all/think highly of.../be honoured as
5.常用来描写人物的形容词。
determined (坚决的)/warm-hearted(热心肠的)/easy-going(随和的)/energetic(精力充沛的)/generous(慷慨的)/intelligent(聪明的)/ambitious(有雄心的)/humorous(幽默的)/diligent (勤奋的)/attractive (有吸引力的)/patient (耐心的)/strict (严格的)/considerate(考虑周到的)/outstanding (杰出的)/optimistic(乐观的)/enthusiastic(热情的)/bad-tempered(脾气不好的)/reliable(可信赖的)/confident(自信的)/respectable(值得尊重的)
6.介绍人物常用句型。
(1)精彩首段。
My favourite teacher is...a responsible teacher with over 20 years’ teaching experience.
我最喜欢的老师是……一位有20多年的教学经验,有责任心的老师。
Abraham Lincoln,the son of a poor family,was born in Kentucky on 12 February 1809.
亚伯拉罕·林肯,一个贫苦家庭的儿子,于1809年2月12日生于肯塔基州。
Born in Xiamen in 1901,Lin Qiaozhi was considered as one of the greatest doctors in China.
林巧稚1901年出生于厦门,被认为是中国最杰出的医生之一。
(2)正文描述。
Devoted to community activities,she was highly thought of by the people around.
她积极参加社区活动,深受周围人的好评。
When he was still a boy,he showed great interest in literature.
当他还是个孩子的时候,他对文学表现出了极大的兴趣。
Being optimistic and energetic,he often takes an active part in after-class activities.
他性格乐观,精力充沛,经常积极参加课外活动。
He went to college,during which he showed great interest in folk music.
他上了大学,在大学期间他对民间音乐表现出极大的兴趣。
Not only is he gifted in English but also he has a good command of French.
他不仅擅长英语,而且法语也很好。
(3)精彩结尾。
He set a new world record in the competition,for which everyone thought highly of him.
他在比赛中创造了一项新的世界纪录,为此每个人对他评价都很高。
He is still widely remembered for his skill,his kindness,and his deep love for his country.
他仍然因为他的技能、善良和对祖国的热爱而被广泛铭记。
We regard him as our model.
我们把他当作我们的榜样。
　　请根据下面的提示写一篇英语短文,介绍你所敬佩的一个人物。主要包括以下内容:
姓名 黄大年
生卒年月 1958年8月至2017年1月
职业 教育科研工作者
成就 对中国的教育和科研事业作出了巨大贡献,帮助国家在深度探测地球方面取得进展
评价 不计个人名利,把自己的科技成果和经验全部奉献给祖国,在国内外学术界享有很高的声誉
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的
2.　　　　n.目标;目的adj.客观的
3.　　　　vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢
4.　　　　adj.众多的;许多的
5.　　　　adj.不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的
6.　　　　n.结果;后果
【答案】 1.committed　2.objective　3.acknowledge
4.numerous　5.extraordinary 6.consequence
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.黄大年是我最敬佩的人。他取得了非凡的成就,是公认的著名地球物理学家。
Huang Danian is the person I admire most.He made　　　　　　　　　　　　 and he is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 a famous geophysicist.
2.他出生于1958年8月,毕业于长春地质学院。
He was born in August 1958 and he 　　　　　　　　 Changchun College of Geology.
3.1992年,他被派到英国攻读博士。他的目标是掌握物理领域的高端技术。
In 1992,he was sent to the UK to study for a doctor’s degree.His 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the high-end technology in physical field.
4.2009年,他放弃国外优厚的待遇,回到母校,致力于科研和教学工作。
In 2009,he gave up well-paid reward abroad,　　　　　　　　　　　 his mother college and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 teaching and research.
5.他不计名利,把自己的科技成果全部奉献给祖国。
He cared little about 　　　　　　　　　　　　 and he devoted all his scientific and technical payoffs to the motherland.
6.正因如此,他在国内外享有很高的声誉。
　　　　　　　　　　　　,he enjoyed a high reputation both at home and abroad.
【答案】 1.extraordinary achievements;acknowledged as　2.graduated from　3.objective was to grasp　4.returned to;committed himself to
5.fame and money　6.As a consequence
1.用非限制性定语从句升级句1。
Huang Danian is the person I admire most,who made extraordinary achievements and is acknowledged as a famous geophysicist.
2.用with介词短语连接句3中的两个句子。
In 1992,he was sent to the UK to study for a doctor’s degree with the objective of grasping the high-end technology in physical field.
3.用过去分词作状语升级句4。
In 2009,he gave up well-paid reward abroad and returned to his mother college,committed himself to teaching and research.
4.用非谓语动词作状语升级句5。
He cared little about fame and money,devoting all his scientific and technical payoffs to the motherland.
Huang Danian is the person I admire most,who made extraordinary achievements and is acknowledged as a famous geophysicist.
He was born in August 1958 and he graduated from Changchun College of Geology.In 1992,he was sent to the UK to study for a doctor’s degree with the objective of grasping the high-end technology in physical field.In 2009,he gave up well-paid reward abroad and returned to his mother college,committed himself to teaching and research.He also helped the country achieve advances in deep-earth exploration.
He cared little about fame and money,devoting all his scientific and technical payoffs to the motherland.As a consequence,he enjoyed a high reputation both at home and abroad.
　　假设你是李华,你校正在开展以“The Person I Admire Most”为题的英语演讲比赛,你对此非常感兴趣也很有信心,打算写一篇演讲稿参赛。内容包括:
1.介绍其成就;
2.对你的启示。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
One possible version:
The Person I Admire Most
Dear teachers and classmates,it’s my great honour to deliver my speech.When it comes to the person I admire most,it must be Zhang Guimei.
It is generally acknowledged that Zhang Guimei is a woman of great achievement.She has committed herself to educating children who live in relatively tough circumstances.She once said,“Providing children,especially in rural areas with education is an ordinary job,but it can bring extraordinary effects.” Whatever profession you take up,you must insist on high standards in your work.Only in this way can you make progress and achieve remarkable accomplishments.
To sum up,it was her determination as well as love and commitment to education that infected me,making the seeds of becoming a teacher sprout in my heart.
That’s all for my speech.Thank you for your attention!
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写 微技能之 “点” 人物 描写 gentle adj.温柔的;文静的　passion n.酷爱;激情　extraordinary adj.不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的　a courageous and kind figure一个勇敢、善良的人　kind and funny善良且风趣的
动作 描写 commit vt.承诺;保证 vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)　acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢　defeat n.失败;挫败 vt.击败;战胜　insist vi.& vt.坚持;坚决要求　flow n.流;流动;流畅;供应 vi.流;流动　encounter vt.偶然碰到;遇到 n.邂逅;遭遇　mourn vt.& vi.哀悼;忧伤
外貌 描写 a thick moustache浓密的胡子　long white hair头发又长又白　stand on end (头发等)竖立起来　a slightly odd-looking man外表有点古怪的人
读后续写 微技能之 “线” He had a thick moustache and long white hair,which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.(外貌描写) Although he was a genius,he sometimes forgot things,like his friends’ birthdays.(性格描写) Einstein was not only a genius;he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people.(人物描写) It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.(主旨升华句)
读后续写 微技能之 “面” 微写作——伟大人物 　　他被认为是一位伟大的科学家,他于上个月与世长辞。天下着毛毛细雨,好像在哀悼痛失这位温和而非凡的科学家。悲痛万分,许多人为之痛哭,泪水不受控制地顺着脸颊流淌。他终生满怀热情地致力于科学研究。他始终坚持自己的梦想,无论遇到什么样的困难,他都不认输。 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　 ,he passed away last month.It was drizzling as if it were 2.　　　　　　　　 the great loss of the　　　　　　　　　　　.Overcome with sorrow,many people cried their hearts out,with tears 3.　　　　　　　　uncontrollably.He 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.He always insisted on his dream and he wouldn’t acknowledge defeat 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 【答案】 1.Acknowledged as a great scientist　2.mourning;gentle and extraordinary scientist　3.flowing down cheeks　4.committed all his life to scientific research with passion　5.whatever difficulties he encountered
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.commit vt.承诺;保证 vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的→commitment n.承诺;保证;奉献;投入
2.objective n.目标;目的 adj.客观的→object n.目标;物体;宾语vt.提出……作为反对的理由 vi.反对;不赞成→objection n.反对
3.distinct adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的→distinction n.差别;特质;优秀;区分;卓越→distinctive adj.独特的;特别的;有特色的
4.acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢→acknowledgement n.承认;感谢;谢礼
5.scientific adj.科学(上)的;关于科学的→science n.科学;学科→scientist n.科学家
6.conclusion n.结论;推论→conclude v.推断出;结束;终止→conclusive adj.决定性的
7.novelist n.小说家→novel n.(长篇)小说 adj.新奇的;异常的→novelty n.新颖;新奇
8.relativity n.相对论;相对性→relative adj.相对的;有关系的→relatively adv.相当地;相对地
9.gentle adj.温柔的;文静的→gently adv.轻轻地;温柔地
10.passion n.酷爱;激情→passionate adj.热诚的;狂热的
11.gradually adv.逐渐地;逐步地→gradual adj.逐渐的;逐步的
12.consequence n.结果;后果→consequent adj.随之发生的;作为结果的→consequently adv.所以;因此
Ⅱ.重点词块
1.lead to 　　　　　　　　 导致;通向
2.die from 死于;因……而死
3.commit oneself to
(sth/doing sth/do sth) 承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
4.graduate from 毕业于……
5.with the objective of 目的是……
6.by chance 偶然;意外地
7.insist on 坚决要求
8.make sure 确保
9.stand up to 经受得住
e to/draw a conclusion 得出结论
11.make contributions to 为……作出贡献
12.due to 由于;应归于
13.as a consequence 因此;结果
14.take up a position 担任;任职
15.make great achievements 取得巨大成就
16.pass away 去世
17.sum up 总结;概括
18.knock on 敲;击
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.Upon doing...
Upon hearing(听到……) that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine...”
句式仿写
Upon arriving at (一到达……)our school,he couldn’t wait to visit our school gym.
2.it 作形式主语
It is indeed an honour(……确实是一个荣誉) for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
句式仿写
It is an honour for me(我很荣幸) to represent our school to extend warm welcome to you.
3.状语从句的省略
While working there(工作期间),out of a strong passion for knowledge,he continued to study,earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.
句式仿写
While travelling in Europe(在欧洲旅游时),he found many interesting things and experienced different cultures.
4.as though引导方式状语从句
He had a thick moustache and long white hair,which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock(有时会像刚遭了电击似的).
句式仿写
He talked about Rome as though he had been there himself (仿佛他到过那里似的).
5.it is/was reported that...
On 18 April 1955,it was reported that(据说……) Einstein had passed away,and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.
句式仿写
It was reported that(据报道) it was the driver’s carelessness that contributed to the traffic accident.(共17张PPT)
UNIT 1　课时作业(一)
(分值:41分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.Persistence is a 　　　　(关键性的) factor to solve this problem.
2.Our main 　　　 　(目标) was the recovery of the child, safe and well.
3.This research attempts to 　　　　(评估) the effectiveness of the different drugs.
4.The team examined the medical 　　 　　(特性) of these plants.
5.After years of hard work and dedication,she finally 　　 　　(获得) her PhD degree in environmental science.
crucial
objective
evaluate
properties
obtained
6.She 　 　　　(承认) the mistake she had made and took immediate steps to correct it.
7.She patiently 　 　　　(分析) the results of the experiment and drew a conclusion.
8.His voice was quiet but every word was 　　　　(清晰的).
9.This female scientist 　　　　(坚持) on testing the medicine on herself in the last experiment.
10.He took a very 　 　　　(科学的) approach to management.
acknowledged
analysed
distinct
insisted
scientific
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共9题;每题1.5分,共13.5分)
1.Being able to use a computer freely makes it much easier for him to do his 　　 　　(academy) research.
2.He is a great scientist and 　　 　　(commit) to his research in physics.
3.A person should not be 　 　　　(evaluate) by his appearance only.
4.Could you tell us the chief 　　 　　(distinct) of Chinese poetry
5.　 　　　 returning from Beijing,he dedicated himself to his medical work.
academic
committed
evaluated
distinction　
On/Upon
6.Their first attempt to extract artemisinin failed,but they wouldn’t be
　　 　　(defeat).
7.We are faced with two 　　 　　(apparent) contradictory statements.
8.In our class,students 　　　　(most) prefer to study in groups during the discussion sessions.
9.We haven’t got sufficient information from which to draw a
(conclude).
defeated
apparently
mostly
conclusion
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.She received a letter 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(承认她的杰出贡献) to biological research.
2.　　　　　　　　　　(重要的是) we should learn a lesson from our failure.
3.As a chemist,he 　　　　　　　　 　(坚持) the highest standards in preparing for experiments.
acknowledging her outstanding contributions
It is vital that　
insists on
4.　　　　　　　　　　　　(总之),it remains to be seen whether his theory can play a role in social development.
5.They 　　　　　　　　　　　(致力于) protecting the environment.
In conclusion
are committed to
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共3题;每题2.5分,共7.5分)
China’s long history has seen many scientists making great contributions to the development of ancient China and even the world.We have selected several greatest scientists in ancient China and hope to help you learn more about Chinese science and technology.
Zhang Zhongjing was a Chinese physician in the Eastern Han Dynasty.He founded medication principles and summarized the medicinal experience before his time.His famous work Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases(《伤寒杂病论》) had a major influence on the practice of traditional Chinese medicine.Today,this great book is still considered very important in the practice of Chinese medicine.
Li Daoyuan was a great Chinese geographer during the Northern Wei Dynasty.He wrote the famous work Commentary on the Water Classic (《水经注》).The book is a great work on the ancient geography of China and it sums up China’s geography and its surrounding areas before Northern Wei Dynasty.
Sun Simiao was an outstanding medical scientist in the Tang Dynasty.
He was called “China’s King of Medicine” for his important contributions to traditional Chinese medicine.Sun authored two books—Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergencies(《备急千金要方》) and Supplement to the Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold(《千金翼方》) that were both landmarks in Chinese medicine history.
Shen Kuo was a great Chinese scientist and politician of the Northern Song Dynasty.He compiled(汇编) a scientific work Dream Pool Essays,which involves a lot descriptions about the animals and plants in the country.Shen also first described the magnetic needle compass,which would be used for navigation(航行).His discovery of concept of true north towards the north pole was more than four hundred years earlier than Europe.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了中国古代四位伟大的科学家以及他们的主要成就,希望能帮助读者更多地了解中国的科学技术。
(　　)1.What is the author’s purpose of writing this article
[A]To encourage readers to learn from these great scientists.
[B]To explain what contributes to the development of ancient China.
[C]To broaden readers’ horizons on Chinese science and technology.
[D]To introduce the great medical contributions Chinese scientists made.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句可知,作者写这篇文章的主要目的是希望能帮助读者更多地了解中国的科学技术。故选C。
(　　)2.Whose work had a great effect on the practice of traditional Chinese medicine
[A]Zhang Zhongjing’s.
[B]Li Daoyuan’s.
[C]Sun Simiao’s.
[D]Shen Kuo’s.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段的第三句可知,张仲景的著作《伤寒杂病论》对中医实践产生了重大影响。故选A。
(　　)3.What do we know about Shen Kuo
[A]He was a Chinese physician in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
[B]He worked on the ancient geography of China.
[C]He was regarded as “China’s King of Medicine”.
[D]He described the animals and plants a lot in his work.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的第二句可知,沈括编写了一部科学著作《梦溪笔谈》,其中涉及很多关于动植物的描述。故选D。UNIT 1　课时作业(二)
(分值:51.5分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共11题;每题1.5分,共16.5分)
1.Mr Wang has passed on his skills to the new members,　　　　 will take on many of the future repairs.
2.People,　　　　 interest is exploring their relationship between art and science will enjoy this museum.
3.I made friends with Tom during his stay in Beijing,　　　　 he was studying Chinese in a university there.
4.　　　　 the chart shows,technology has transformed the way people get news during the past years.
5.There are about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in that school,most of 　　　　 are from Europe.
6.He had strong determination and perseverance in the competition,　　　　 made him successful.
7.Here are agents from America,some of 　　　　 are our old friends.
8.　　　　 we know,the lack of oxygen to one’s brain may result in mental damage.
9.Somehow she suffered from a serious disease,　　　　 had a great impact on her previous life.
10.They watched over the lake with their cameras,　　　　 were positioned on the hill.
11.The students,all of 　　　　 spent the whole day picking fruits,were extremely tired.
【答案】 1.who　2.whose　3.when　4.As 5.whom　6.which　7.whom　8.As
9.which　10.which　11.whom
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.　　　　　　　　　　　(我们都知道),walking regularly does a lot of good to our health.
2.I gained a better understanding of Chinese culture during the festival,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(这对文化交流具有重要意义).
3.These sayings reflect their wisdom of life,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(这激励着我成为一个更好的人).
4.Refused as I was,I still received some great encouragement,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(这给了我成为一名作家的信心).
5.It tells a story about a girl named Daisy,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(她决心帮助保护环境).
【答案】 1.As we all know
2.which has great significance for the cultural exchanges
3.which encourages me to become a better person
4.which gives me confidence to be a writer
5.who makes up her mind to help protect the environment
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Scientists in England are using two self-directed water vehicles to explore the animal and plant life of the Celtic Sea.
The Celtic Sea is a body of water off the southern coast of Ireland.The area is known for its unusual sea life.Scientists want to know why sea creatures are so attracted to this part of the Atlantic Ocean.
One of the research vehicles is powered by batteries(电池).It collects information for the National Oceanography Centre in Southampton,England,and the WWF(World Wide Fund for Nature).The vehicle’s low energy requirements permit it to stay floating on water for up to 30 days.Reports of what it finds in the Celtic Sea are sent by satellite.
Stephen Woodward is an engineer who helped design the vehicle.He says the vehicle has equipment that can discover small organisms called zooplankton(浮游动物) and fish.He adds that other sensing equipment measures water currents and other features of sea life.The vehicle also creates a map of the sea.
Another vehicle is powered by the sun and the wind.It can stay floating on water for months.The robotic vehicle sends information about the so called biodiversity hotspots.A biodiversity hotspot is an area of an ocean that has a lot of plant and animal life activity.
Lavinia Suberg is one of the scientists studying the Celtic Sea.She says productive ocean areas,like the Celtic Sea,attract zooplankton.The zooplankton then attracts fish.She adds that areas with a large increase of fish often attract sea mammals and birds.
Using these robotic ocean vehicles greatly reduces the cost of exploring the sea with manned laboratories.Scientists can spend more time analyzing the collected information.They say the research will give them a better understanding of the needs of the Celtic Sea for future management and protection.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了英国科学家利用机器人式水上车辆探索凯尔特海,旨在弄清为什么有如此多的动植物生活在该海域。
(　　)1.Why do the British scientists explore the Celtic Sea
[A]To study the geography of the sea.
[B]To learn why the sea is rich in sea life.
[C]To test their self-directed water vehicles.
[D]To learn about the sea creatures in the sea.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知,英国科学家研究该海域的目的是弄清为什么该海域会如此吸引海洋生物。故选B。
(　　)2.What can we know about the water vehicles according to the text
[A]They are controlled directly by humans.
[B]They work depending on the map of the sea.
[C]They can send the information back directly.
[D]They can keep floating on water for a long time.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The vehicle’s low energy...water for up to 30 days.”和第五段中的“It can stay floating on water for months.”可知,水上车辆能在海中漂浮很久。故选D。
(　　)3.What do we know about the sea mammals and birds according to Lavinia Suberg
[A]They are afraid of living alone.
[B]They mainly feed on zooplankton.
[C]They like to live in warm ocean areas.
[D]They are especially interested in fish.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知,海洋哺乳动物和鸟类对鱼很感兴趣。故选D。
(　　)4.What is the last paragraph mainly about
[A]The aim of sea exploration.
[B] The cost of exploring the sea.
[C]The importance of the water vehicles.
[D]Ways to deal with the collected information.
【答案】 C
【解析】 段落大意题。通读最后一段尤其是根据段中的“greatly reduces”“spend more time”和“a better understanding”可知,本段旨在介绍机器人式水上车辆在海洋探索中的重要性。故选C。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
Citizen science is science for everyone.Specifically,citizen science is when the public 1.　　　　(voluntary) helps conduct research.Most citizen scientists collect data with tools provided 2.　　　　 project directors.These data help professional scientists answer 3.　　　　(science) questions and solve important problems.Anyone can be a citizen scientist.All it takes is some time,4.　　　　(curious),and a sense of wonder.
Why is the term “citizen science” used Most people and organisations in this field intend “citizen” 5.　　　　(mean) a general citizen of the world,not a legally-defined citizen of a country.When someone mentions “citizen science”,there tends to be 6.　　　　 immediate understanding of what they’re talking about.
Community science is one particular type of citizen science—one in 7.　　　　 a community drives the project.In community science,a community may pose the research questions,decide what type of data to collect,or use the results to inform some action.There
8.　　　　(be) typically a professional scientist or organisation that works together with the community.
Another reason is that science is for everyone,no matter whether you 9.　　　　(participate) in science or not in the past.The citizen science is devoted to making science inclusive to all and 10.　　　　(ensure) that every person has the right and the opportunity to participate in science.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。公民科学是面向大众的科学,是指公众自愿帮助进行研究的科学种类。文章对这一科学种类进行了详细介绍。
1.【答案】 voluntarily
【解析】考查副词。修饰动词helps应用副词形式作状语,意为“自愿地”。故填voluntarily。
2.【答案】 by
【解析】考查介词。根据“project directors”可知,此处是指由项目主管提供的工具,应用介词by引出动作的发出者。故填by。
3.【答案】 scientific
【解析】考查形容词。此处应用形容词形式作定语修饰名词questions。故填scientific。
4.【答案】 curiosity
【解析】考查名词。根据“some time”和“a sense of wonder”可知,此处应用名词形式。故填curiosity。
5.【答案】 to mean
【解析】考查固定搭配。intend sb to do sth意为“打算让某人做某事”,空处为不定式作宾语补足语。故填to mean。
6.【答案】 an
【解析】考查冠词。名词understanding意为“理解”,此处为可数名词,且第一次出现,应用不定冠词表泛指。immediate以元音音素开头,故填an。
7.【答案】 which
【解析】考查定语从句。根据“a community drives the project”可知,此处是指在社区科学的范畴里,定语从句中缺少介词in的宾语,且先行词为one,one指代a science,故填which。
8.【答案】 is
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处描述客观事实,应用一般现在时。there be句型适用“就近原则”,谓语动词应用单数。故填is。
9.【答案】 participated
【解析】考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,空处为从句谓语动词;再结合时间状语“in the past”可知,空处应用一般过去时。故填participated。
10.【答案】 ensuring
【解析】考查非谓语动词。be devoted to doing sth意为“致力于做某事”,空处应用动名词作宾语。故填ensuring。(共40张PPT)
UNIT 1　课时作业(四)
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共9题;每题1分,共9分)
1.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①I was turning the page to get ready for the next page,but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand.　　　　　 　　
②The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm and is located at Roma Street station.　　　　　　　
(分值:51.5分)
单元知识综合练
气流
财物;财产
③Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyse your short and long term objectives,keeping in mind your beliefs,values and strengths.　　　　
④He discovered a novel method to extract the useful substance.　　　　　
目标
新颖的
2.flow
A.n.流动　B.n.流畅　C.n.供应　D.vi.(液体)流动　E.vi.(大量人或物)流动
①There is no denying that the government encourages the flow of goods and services to remote areas.　　
②Before and during the popular festival,controlling the flow of crowds was a key issue.　　
③Large numbers of villagers continue to flow into big cities to search for jobs.　　
C
A
E
A.n.流动　B.n.流畅　C.n.供应　D.vi.(液体)流动　E.vi.(大量人或物)流动
④As far as I am concerned,too many examples can interrupt the smooth flow of the text.　　
⑤It’s here that the river flows down into the ocean.　　
B
D
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Characteristics of an Excellent Scientist
The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences,especially natural science.It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods.1.　　
G
Curiosity.
2.　　　 Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work.
Without a drive to ask questions or even wonder,a scientist will never get to the first stage of the scientific process.
Patience.
Becoming a scientist takes a long time.There are very few jobs that take longer than this one.3.　　　 If you’re an instant-gratification type of person,this may not be the best choice for you.
C
D
Ethical (道德的) qualities.
In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good,a scientist must have a desire to improve people’s life as well as the environment,since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run.4.　　
Sticking to an old belief contradicted with evidence is dishonest.
However,that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence.
B
5.　　
An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation and keeps it in mind.He/She can work well alone or in groups depending on what’s needed,and he/she also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally.Networking connects him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new.
A
A.Working habits.
B.A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal interests or public opinion.
C.An excellent scientist must be very curious about things.
D.You still have much scientific research to do even if you received education on science.
E.One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory.
F.Working time.
G.Let’s look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了优秀的科学家应该具备的一些性格特征与优秀品质。
1.【答案】 G
【解析】 根据上文可知,词典将科学家定义为“在一门或多门科学,特别是自然科学领域具有专业知识,使用科学方法的人”。结合下文介绍的科学家应有的特征可知,空处应起到承上启下的作用。故选G。
2.【答案】 C
【解析】 根据小标题“Curiosity.”以及下文科学家如托马斯·爱迪生和乔治·威斯汀豪斯发现事物主要是因为他们想知道事物是如何工作的可知,科学家都对于这个世界的一切未知抱有探索的欲望,对于一切充满好奇心,这是他们发现新事物的原因。故选C。
3.【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文成为一名科学家需要很长时间,以及下文对于即时满足型的人来讲,这不是最好的选择可知,上文中关键词takes a long time以及下文关键词an instant-gratification type of person、not be the best choice for you与D项(have much scientific research to do)有对应关系,表明成为科学家需要很长时间,也需要耐心。故选D。
4.【答案】 B
【解析】 上文提到,科学家必须有改善人们生活和环境的愿望,下文坚持与证据相矛盾的旧观念是不诚实的,由此可知,科学家需要有更高的社会责任心与道德价值观,这与B项对应。故选B。
5.【答案】 A
【解析】 下文提到,一位优秀的科学家甚至会记下最微小的观察结果并将其牢记在心等工作细节,由此可知,本段主要介绍科学家应有好的工作习惯,这将有助于他/她的工作和发现。故选A。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
As the Chinese saying goes,“A seed can change the world;a variety can benefit a nation.”
Zhang Daorong,who has spent many years 　1　 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security,has done both.The woman,who is called the “mother of wheat”,is a 　2　 at the Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Xiangyang City.
The research into new varieties requires strict standards and
　3　 experiments.“The first 　4　 is to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose.Then we try a hybrid combination,” Zhang explained.“After several generations of 　5　 and selection,and when characteristics remain stable,we 　6　 a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification.” And after several more rounds of tests,a(n)
　7　 for evaluation and approval can be made for market production.
“Generally speaking,a good new 　8　 should produce high yields,have stable production,and 　9　 good resistance to bad conditions,” she added.
“ 　10　,it also should be accepted by the market.”
Zhang added that the team　11　 70,000 to 80,000 seedlings (幼苗) each year.All year round they were busy with 　12　 experiments on the growth of the new seedlings and making records and analyses.
“Agricultural research work is　13　 and complicated.Sometimes your efforts do not 　14　.All we can do then is think more,discuss more and find 　15　 on the land,” she said.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了张道荣和她的团队培育新小麦品种的事迹。
(　　)1.
B
【解析】 根据空后的“13 new varieties of wheat”可知,此处是指培育(cultivating)小麦。故选B。
[A]advertising [B]cultivating
[C]discussing [D]observing
(　　)2.
C
【解析】 根据上文“who has spent many years 　1　 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security”可推知,张道荣是一位研究小麦的研究员(researcher)。故选C。
[A]journalist [B]teacher
[C]researcher [D]manager
(　　)3.
A
【解析】 根据空前的“strict standards”可知,此处是指精确的(precise)实验。故选A。
[A]precise
[B]efficient
[C]simple [D]expensive
(　　)4.
C
【解析】 根据空后的“to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose”,再结合常识可知,找到适合特定培养目的的父本和母本类型是培育新品种的第一步(step)。故选C。
[A]way
[B]attempt
[C]step
[D]question
(　　)5.
D
【解析】 根据常识可知,培育新品种需要对几代(植物)进行试验(trial)和筛选,才能选出最优品种。故选D。
[A]encouragement
[B]support
[C]management
[D]trial
(　　)6.
A
【解析】 结合上文提到选出最优品种和空后的“a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification”可知,接下来就应该开始(begin)产量测试和疾病鉴定。故选A。
[A]begin
[B]continue
[C]follow
[D]repeat
(　　)7.
B
【解析】 根据空前的“And after several more rounds of tests”可知,几轮测试合格后,便可申请(application)评估。故选B。
[A]practice
[B]application
[C]declaration
[D]invitation
(　　)8.
D
【解析】 根据上文“Zhang Daorong,who has spent many years 　1　 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security,has done both.”可知,此处是指一个新的种类(variety)。故选D。
[A]environment
[B]machine
[C]farmland
[D]variety
(　　)9.
C
【解析】 根据空后的“good resistance to bad conditions”可知,此处是指新品种要表现出(show)良好的抵抗力。故选C。
[A]produce
[B]enhance
[C]show
[D]develop
(　　)10.
A
【解析】 结合语境及also可知,此处是对上文的补充说明,Besides符合语境,故选A。
[A]Besides
[B]However
[C]Therefore
[D]Otherwise
(　　)11.
D
【解析】 结合该团队培育新品种的事实以及“70,000 to 80,000 seedlings
(幼苗) each year”可知,此处是指每年种植(planted)7万至8万株幼苗。故选D。
[A]watered
[B]bought
[C]protected
[D]planted
(　　)12.
C
【解析】 根据空后的“experiments on the growth of the new seedlings”可知,此处是指进行(conducting)实验。故选C。
[A]reporting
[B]designing
[C]conducting
[D]studying
(　　)13.
B
【解析】 根据“complicated”并结合上文提到他们一次又一次的试验可知,农业研究是艰难(tough)且复杂的。故选B。
[A]normal
[B]tough
[C]varied
[D]specific
(　　)14.
D
【解析】 根据上文“Agricultural research work is 　13　 and complicated.”
可知,农业研究的特点是有时研究人员的付出可能没有回报(pay off)。
故选D。
[A]end up
[B]run out
[C]break up
[D]pay off
(　　)15.
A
【解析】 上文提到有时付出可能没有回报再结合空前的“think more,
discuss more”可知,研究人员只能多思考多讨论,以求在土地上找到答案(answers),也就是如何才能培育出优质的新品种。故选A。
[A]answers
[B]comfort
[C]dreams
[D]courage
Ⅳ.应用文写作(15分)
假设你是李华,你校英语报社正在开展“The Person I Admire Most”征文活动,请用英语写一篇文章投稿。内容如下:
1.你最敬佩的人——袁隆平;
2.他的主要事迹;
3.你对他的评价。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
[写作指导]
　　One possible version:
Yuan Longping,acknowledged as the “father of hybrid rice”,is the person I admire most.
Born in 1930 in Beijing,he graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.As a researcher,insisting that hybrid rice was an effective way to fight the world hunger,he committed himself to developing hybrid rice despite numerous difficulties he encountered.
Through his great efforts,the hybrid rice was finally developed,whose various strains later helped feed people at home and abroad,which earned him many awards.However,he cared little about fame or wealth,making large donations to support agricultural research.
Such was Yuan Longping,who had remarkable achievements but remained devoted and plain.
(共28张PPT)
UNIT 1　课时作业(三)
(分值:57.5分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.According to the 　　　　(理论),no one will draw a final conclusion from these facts.
2.What can we 　　　　(推断) from what the famous politician said just now
3.Do you know who 　　 　　(建立) the charitable organisation
4.The scientist’s groundbreaking theories earned her the reputation of being a 　　　　(天才) in her field.
theory
infer
founded　
genius
5.He is kind,　　　　(温柔的) and helpful.To sum up,he is a nice guy.
6.The inventor received a 　　 　(专利) for his revolutionary design of the electric car battery.
7.He has a 　　　　(激情) for traditional Chinese medicine.
8.　　　 　(逐渐地),the child began to understand.
9.This is a very popular 　　 　　(社会公共机构).
10.She was the most remarkable woman he had ever 　 　　　(遇到).
gentle
patent
passion
Gradually
institution
encountered
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.Two completely opposite conclusions can be 　　　　(infer) from this set of facts.
2.It was a 　　 　　(remark) achievement for such a young player.
3.The girl used to be shy,but is 　　　 　(gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.
4.I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it’s 　　　　 honour for me to show you around.
inferred
remarkable
gradually
an
5.A fellow scientist 　　　　(gentle) patted his back,trying to give him the strength to persevere in the present situation.
6.She is obsessed with her work,which has taken 　　　　 most of her time.
7.Whatever he has been doing 　 　　　 (found) on love and respect for humanity.
8.The 　　　　(novel) draws heavily on her personal experiences.
gently
up
is founded
novelist
9.His painting skills are so superb that you can find his work
(exhibit) in the best galleries in many countries.
10.He spent his whole life studying 　　　　(politician) and medieval history.
exhibited　
politics
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　(综上所述),mental strength is crucial for a person to overcome difficulties.
2.He has 　　　　　　　 　　　　　(为……做出了重大贡献) the education of the motherland and deserves people’s respect.
3.He was a persistent person,　　　　　　　　 　(因此),he achieved success eventually.
To sum up
made great contributions to
as a consequence
4.I have decided to 　　　　　　　　　　(任职) in a charity organisation to help more people in need.
5.He was so absorbed in research yesterday that he
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(误以为那瓶墨水是瓶牛奶).
take up a position
mistook that bottle
of ink for a bottle of milk
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
In 2018,China became the largest producer and consumer of the fruit in the world.Wu Mingzhu,in her nineties,a native of Wuhan,is the unknown hero who has helped make this possible.
“About 80 percent of the watermelons and sweet melons served at people’s dining tables every day are the result of painful efforts made by Wu and her team over more than 60 years,”said Zhang Wenjun,a colleague of Wu’s.
Helping others has long been a dream of hers.And she thought the most beautiful thing in life is that everything you create can serve the people,so she made efforts to grow quality melons,which began paying off in 1973.She is one of the 8,000 agricultural scientists who have come to Hainan annually from across the country over the past 60 years and have cultivated(培育) more than 20,000 of China’s new seed varieties through offseason breeding.
Using innovative measures such as radiation mutation breeding,double haploid breeding and distant hybridisation breeding,Wu and her team developed new germ-plasm(种质) resources,from which they cultivated more than 30 watermelon and muskmelon(甜瓜) varieties with better adaptability and stronger disease resistance,the former director of the Xinjiang Muskmelon Research Centre said.
The new melon varieties have been promoted to more than 1.86 million hectares of fields from north to south.Some of these varieties have been promoted overseas,as far as California.Wu’s work has left her a number of honours.The “queen of melons” became an academician with the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1999 and an honorary citizen of Sanya in 2004.
【语篇导读】 本文是新闻报道。文章报道了我国“西瓜之母”吴明珠院士的个人经历以及其贡献。
(　　)1.Why did Wu Mingzhu mainly want to grow high-end melons
[A]Because she wanted to make China the largest producer of melons.
[B]Because China is the largest consumer of melons in the world.
[C]Because she wanted to create something that could serve people.
[D]Because the Chinese government asked her to grow high quality melons.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句可知,吴明珠院士之所以培育一些高端的瓜果主要是因为她想创造出能够造福人类的事物,这是她认为最美好的事情。故选C。
(　　)2.What can we learn about from Paragraph 4
[A]Wu and her team cultivated melon varieties that could resist every disease.
[B]Wu and her team cultivated high quality melons from the new germ-plasm resources.
[C]Wu and her team cultivated 30 watermelon varieties from radiation mutation breeding.
[D]Wu and her team cultivated melon varieties that could adapt to any circumstance.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,吴明珠院士和她的团队成员通过种质资源培育出了30多种拥有更好的适应能力和更强的抗病能力的西瓜和甜瓜。故选B。
(　　)3.Which of the following about Wu Mingzhu cannot be inferred from the text
[A]She has cultivated more than 20,000 of China’s new seed varieties.
[B]She is committed to her work and makes remarkable achievements.
[C]She helps make China the largest producer of fruit in the world in 2018.
[D]She is awarded a number of honorary titles due to her contributions.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句可知,超过20 000种新型种子是由8 000多个农业科学家培育出来的。故选A。
(　　)4.What type is the text
[A]A diary entry.
[B]A book review.
[C]A physicist’s story.
[D]A news report.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。浏览文章可知,文章主要介绍了我国“西瓜之母”吴明珠院士的个人经历以及其贡献,所以推测,这是一篇介绍名人事迹的传记类新闻报道。D项符合推测,故选D。
Ⅴ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Virtually, there is nothing that man cannot do.Only what he has to do is keep doing and doing without being discouraged.Success will come someday or other, though it may apparently be the conception about something that it cannot be done.1.　　　 But the reality is that man’s success depends on whether he can do the toughest tasks successfully.It is because our life is complicated and tough.And to succeed in this tough battle, perseverance and hard work are a must.2.　　　 We can prove this fact when we look at the reality of life and the history of man’s success.Perseverance helps us do what we otherwise would consider impossible to do.
F
B
What the world-famous scientist Sir Isaac Newton had done by twelve years’ constant hard work was burnt out by his pet dog.But that could not discourage him a little.3.　　　 It is only for his undefeated perseverance that we have been able to have many inventions and discoveries.
G
4.　　　 He went through thick and thin to reach his destination after months of the strenuous (艰苦的) voyage on the sea.He discovered the way from Spain to America and offered the world a new route of communication with America.This outcome of his perseverance will be generated by the world forever.
E
All the great men in history have written their names in golden letters by means of perseverance.5.　　　 If we all are perseverant in whatever we do, we are sure to stand out as a successful person in the near future.
D
A.Every action has its reaction.
B.It is a unique precondition to success in life.
C.In human life, perseverance plays a very important role.
D.Their success will always remain as perfect examples to us.
E.Columbus has left us an adventurous story of perseverance.
F.The task that is easily done at the first attempt is undoubtedly very easy.
G.He was able to do it again through years of hard work and perseverance.
【语篇导读】 本文是议论文。文章通过列举牛顿、哥伦布的经历,论述了在通向成功的道路上坚持不懈的重要性。
1.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据空后句可知,此处说明人能否成功在于是否能够成功地完成最难的任务,F项与下文为转折关系,选项中的task与下文中的tasks相呼应,故选F。
2.【答案】 B
【解析】 根据空前句可知,毅力和努力是成功的必要条件,B项能够衔接上文,选项中的It正是指代上文中的“毅力和努力”这一必要条件,故选B。
3.【答案】 G
【解析】 根据空前句可知,此处是说牛顿12年努力的成果被他的爱犬给毁了,G项能够衔接上文,选项中的He正是指代上文中的the world-famous scientist Sir Isaac Newton,选项中的do it again与前文呼应,故选G。
4.【答案】 E
【解析】 根据下文可知,此处提到的人物是个航海家,E项符合本段语境,下文中的He指代的正是E项中的Columbus,下文则是阐述了哥伦布的冒险经历及其意义,故选E。
5.【答案】 D
【解析】 根据空前句可知,成就大事业的人都具备坚韧不拔的毅力,D项衔接上文,D项中的Their正是指代上文中的All the great men,故选D。(共121张PPT)
UNIT 1　
PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
[头脑风暴·思维发散]
Being an extraordinary and gentle woman genius,Madam Curie managed to discover two kinds of radioactive elements,which were crucial to physics.It was widely acknowledged that she was born in Poland in 1867.Distinct from other girls,she had a strong passion for science and committed her whole life to scientific research.In 1934,Madam Curie passed away and the whole world mourned the great loss of a remarkable scientist.
居里夫人是一位非凡而温柔的天才女性,她成功地发现了两种对物理学至关重要的放射性元素。人们普遍认为她于1867年出生于波兰。与其他女孩不同的是,她对科学很有热情,并将她的一生都奉献给了科学研究。1934年,居里夫人与世长辞,全世界都在为这位杰出科学家的陨落哀悼。
Reading and Thinking,
Learning About Language
Part 1
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. 　　　　 adj.至关重要的;关键性的
2. adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的
3. vt.& vi.(使)沸腾;煮开;烧开
n.沸腾;沸点
4. vt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得
vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行
写作词汇
crucial
vital
boil
obtain
5. n.失败;挫败　vt.击败;战胜
6. vi.& vt.坚持;坚决要求
7. adv.主要地;一般地
8. vi.& vt.迅速离开;逃跑
9. n.[usually pl.] 条件;环境;状况
10. n.流;流动;流畅;供应
vi.流;流动
defeat
insist
mostly
flee
circumstance
flow
1.physiology n.
2.artemisinin n.
3.malaria n.
4.property n.
5.extract n.
vt.
阅读词汇
生理学;生理机能
[药]青蒿素
疟疾
性质;特征;财产
提取物;摘录
提取;提炼;摘录;(用力)拔出
6.liquid n.
adj.
7.substance n.
8.penicillin n.
9.chart n.
vt.
液体
液体的;液态的
物质;物品;事实根据
青霉素;盘尼西林
图表
记录;制订计划
拓展词汇
1. vt.承诺;保证 vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的→commitment n.承诺;保证;奉献;投入
2. n.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院;学会;专科院校→academic adj.学业的;学术的→academically adv.学术地
3. n.目标;目的 adj.客观的→object n.目标;物体;宾语vt.提出……作为反对的理由 vi.反对;不赞成→objection n.反对
commit
academy
objective
4. adj.植物学的→botany n.植物学→botanist n.植物学家
5. vt.评价;评估→evaluation n.评价;评估;估算
6. adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的→distinction n.差别;特质;优秀;区分;卓越→distinctive adj.独特的;特别的;有特色的
7. vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢→acknowledgement n.承认;感谢;谢礼
8. vt.分析→analysis n.分析
botanical
evaluate
distinct
acknowledge
analyse
9. adv.显而易见;看来;显然→apparent adj.显然的;显而易见的;表面上的
10. adj.科学(上)的;关于科学的→science n.科学;学科→
scientist n.科学家
11. n.结论;推论→conclude v.推断出;结束;终止→
conclusive adj.决定性的
12. n.小说家→novel n.(长篇)小说 adj.新奇的;异常的→novelty n.新颖;新奇
apparently
scientific
conclusion
novelist
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.lead to　　　　　　　
2.die from
3.commit oneself to
(sth/doing sth/do sth)
4.graduate from
5.with the objective of
导致;通向
死于;因……而死
承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
毕业于……
目的是……
6.get stuck
7.by chance
8.insist on
9.make sure
10.stand up to
11.wear and tear
陷入僵局;碰到困难无法继续
偶然;意外地
坚决要求
确保
经受得住
(正常使用造成的)磨损;损耗
12.come to/draw a conclusion
13.be in power
14.flow chart
得出结论
执政,当权
流程图
重点句型
1.In the beginning,Tu Youyou went to Hainan,
,to study malaria patients.(where引导非限制性定语从句)
起初,屠呦呦奔赴疟疾更为常见的海南研究疟疾患者。
2. ,she found a substance that worked.(现在分词作方式状语)
通过使用更低的温度萃取提取物后,她发现了一种有效物质。
where malaria was more
common
Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract
3. that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine...”(Upon doing...)
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我……”
4.It is indeed an honour
.(it作形式主语)
中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一个荣誉。
Upon hearing
for China’s scientific research and Chinese
medicine to be spread around the world
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与社会——卓有成就的人物。
2.语篇类型:专题新闻报道。
3.课文内容分析:
本文介绍了屠呦呦的经历和她带领团队为治疗疟疾发现并提取青蒿素的过程。学生阅读本文,归纳屠呦呦及其团队获得成功的原因,可以感受到屠呦呦及其团队的艰辛和伟大,了解传统中医药对人类健康和世界发展的突出贡献和价值,进而反思自我,做好未来职业和人生的规划。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
discovery
graduated　
chosen
promise
effect
lower
tested
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.What did Tu Youyou decide to turn to for working out a new treatment for malaria
[A]Peking University Medical School.
[B]The Chinese government.
[C]Ancient Chinese medical texts.
[D]A world-renowned research team.
C
(　　)2.What can we learn from Paragraph 3
[A]All the medical texts they researched were of no help.
[B]The road of finding artemisinin was not smooth.
[C]Tu’s team found the breakthrough point by experiments.
[D]Tu’s team tested the medicine on animals to ensure safety.
B
(　　)3.What can we infer from the text
[A]It was Tu Youyou’s personal efforts that contributed to the discovery of artemisinin.
[B]Tu Youyou has helped save numerous lives as she found the cause of getting malaria.
[C]Traditional Chinese medicine has been acknowledged by more people worldwide.
[D]The success of treatment for malaria proves that traditional Chinese medicine is rather valuable to people.
D
二次开发·深研课文
▲
This 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1.　 　　　(award) to Tu Youyou,2.　　　　 research led to the discovery of artemisinin,a crucial new treatment for malaria.
Tu Youyou,a 3.　　　 　(commit) and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo,China,in 1930,and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.In 1967,the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the
4.　　 　　(object) of discovering a new treatment for malaria,and Tu Youyou was 5.　　　　 the first researchers chosen.From their research,they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments.
was awarded
whose
committed
objective
among
One medical text suggested 6.　　　　(use) the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.Tu’s team tested 7.　　　　 collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect.They then tried boiling fresh wormwood,and using the liquid obtained from this 8.　　　 　(treat) malaria,but this did not work either.Their project got stuck.She then concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood 9.　　　 　(apparent) destroyed its medical properties.
using
a
to treat
apparently
Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract,she found a substance that worked.After failing more than 190 times,the team finally succeeded in 1971.Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on 10.　　 　　(they) to make sure that it was safe.
Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine.There is a team behind me,and all the people of my country...”
themselves
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.vital adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的
[教材原句] Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,
and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分,据估计每年仅在非洲就挽救了10万人的性命。
例　It is vital that the problem should be solved immediately.
立即解决这个问题是至关重要的。
It is vital/crucial that sb (should) do sth/sth (should) be done ……是十分重要的
例　It is widely acknowledged that it is vital to pass on kindness to those needy people.
人们普遍认为向有需要的人传递善意是极其重要的。
It is vital/crucial to do sth 做某事是很
重要的
例　(应用文写作之建议信)Reading books is vital for human development.
读书对人类的进步非常重要。
be vital/crucial to/for...对……很重要
归纳拓展
be vital/crucial to/for...对……很重要
It is vital/crucial to do sth 做某事是很重要的
It is vital/crucial that sb (should) do sth/sth (should) be done ……是十分重要的
be of vital importance to...对……至关重要
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Enough sleep is vital 　　　　 the students’ physical and mental health.
(应用文写作之建议信)It is vital that you 　　　 　 (mind) your table manners in China when you attend a dinner party.
对你的朋友们坦诚十分重要。
It is vital 　　　　　　　　　　　　 with your friends.
to/for
(should) mind
to be honest
2.committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的
·commit vt.承诺;保证;花(钱或时间)
vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
·commitment n.承诺;保证;奉献;投入
[教材原句] Tu Youyou,a committed and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo,China,on 30 December 1930,and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.
屠呦呦,这位尽职尽责、锲而不舍的科学家1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波,1955年毕业于北京大学医学部。
例　They are committed volunteers,watching over the wild animal day and night.
他们是尽心尽力的志愿者,日日夜夜守护着野生动物。
例　Parents have been committed to providing children with high-quality life.
父母一直致力于为孩子提供高品质的生活。
be committed to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事;对(做)某事很坚定
例　(话题写作之人物介绍)Mr Lee was a brilliant scientist whose commitment to his cause greatly impressed many people.
李先生是一位杰出的科学家,他对自己事业的奉献给许多人留下了深刻印象。
归纳拓展
·commit a mistake 犯错误
commit sb/oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth) 承诺/保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
·be committed to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事;对(做)某事很坚定
·make a commitment to (sth/doing sth/do sth) 承诺做某事
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Being a 　　 　 and reliable person,my son has made a 　 　　 　 to bravely face various difficulties and encounters.(commit)
(读后续写之神态描写)我在如此多的人面前犯了一个愚蠢的错误,满脸窘得通红。
I 　　　　　　　　　　　　 in front of so many people,my face red with embarrassment.
committed
commitment
committed a silly mistake
政府致力于保护环境免受污染,已经采取了许多有效措施。
　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　,the government has taken many effective measures.
Committed to protecting the environment from being polluted/Committing itself to protecting the environment from being polluted
语
境
串
词
Committed to the cause of education,he committed every minute to teaching and research.Eventually,his commitment paid off.
他致力于教育事业,把每一分钟都花在教学和研究上,最终他的付出得到了回报。
3.distinct adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的;截然不同的
·distinction n.差别;特质;优秀;区分;卓越
·distinctive adj.独特的;特别的;有特色的
[教材原句] ...they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments...
……他们发现并测试了380种不同的古代中医疗法……
例　It is distinct that we should make a distinction between them.
很明显,我们应该把它们区分开来。
It is distinct that...很明显……
make/draw a distinction 区别对待;区分开来
例　The artistic style of this painter is distinct from that of his contemporaries.
这位画家的艺术风格与他同时代的人截然不同。
be distinct from...(in...) (在……方面)与……不同
归纳拓展
·It is distinct that...很明显……
be distinct from...(in...) (在……方面)与……不同
·make/draw a distinction 区别对待;区分开来
the distinction between A and B　A与B之间的差别
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/翻译句子
The two posters are distinct 　　　　 each other 　　　　 style.
There are four seasons in a year,each of which has 　　　　 (distinct) features.
英语和汉语是两种完全不同的语言。
对于青少年来说,明辨是非是至关重要的。
from
in
distinctive
English and Chinese are two entirely distinct languages.
It is of vital importance for teenagers to make/draw a distinction between right and wrong.
4.acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等); (公开)感谢;告知收悉
·acknowledgement n.承认;感谢;谢礼
[教材原句] However,Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
然而,屠呦呦并不认输。
例　(应用文写作之人物介绍)He is widely acknowledged as/to be an excellent player.
他被公认为是一名出色的运动员。
acknowledge sb/sth to be/as 承认某人/某物是……
例　Tom acknowledged being defeated/having been defeated in the English speech competition,which made him quite depressed.
汤姆承认他在英语演讲比赛中失败了,这使他很沮丧。
acknowledge doing /having done sth
承认做了某事
例　(应用文写作之语言学习)It’s widely acknowledged that reading plays an important part in learning English.
人们普遍认为阅读在英语学习中起到重要作用。
It is generally/universally/widely acknowledged that...……是大家公认的
归纳拓展
acknowledge sb/sth to be/as 承认某人/某物是……
acknowledge doing /having done sth承认做了某事
It is generally/universally/widely acknowledged that...……是大家公认的
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
He acknowledged 　　 　　 (make) some mistakes in the English examination.
These flowers are a small 　　 　　 (acknowledge) of your great kindness.
She is also acknowledged 　　　　 a great yoga expert.
making/having made　
acknowledgement
as/to be
位于我们校图书馆二楼的自习室给我们学生提供了一个自主学习和合作学习的理想场所,这是大家公认的。
　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 that the self-study room located on the second floor in our school library provides us students with an ideal place for independent and cooperative learning.
It is generally/universally/widely acknowledged
5.conclude v.推断出;结束;终止
·conclusion n.结论;推论;结束;结尾
[教材原句]She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.
她得出结论,认为水煎青蒿显然破坏了它的药学属性。
例　It can be easily concluded that the story concluded with a happy ending.
可以很容易地得出结论,这个故事以一个幸福的结局结束。
conclude (sth) with/by doing...以……结束(……)
例　We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion.
我们将进一步讨论,然后再得出最终结论。
draw/reach/come to/arrive at a/the conclusion 得出结论
例　In conclusion,strolling is a cheap,safe,enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.
总而言之,散步是一种低价、安全、愉快的锻炼方式,而且随时随地都可以进行。
in conclusion 最后;总之;总而言之
归纳拓展
·conclude (sth) with/by doing...以……结束(……)
conclude...from...从……中推断出……
conclude (from sth) that...(从某事中)推断出……;(从某事中)断定……
·draw/reach/come to/arrive at a/the conclusion 得出结论
in conclusion 最后;总之;总而言之
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
What can we conclude 　　　　 the conversation
The meeting concluded 　　　　 an agreement at ten o’clock.
(读后续写之主题升华)总之,我从自己的经历中得出结论:“家庭是生活暴风雨中的救生衣。”
　　　　　　　　,I
　 , “Family is a life jacket in the stormy sea of life.”
from
with　
In conclusion
drew/reached/came to/arrived at a conclusion from/
concluded from my own experience
6.insist vi.& vt.坚持;坚决要求
·insistence n. 坚决要求,坚持
[教材原句]Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
屠呦呦与团队成员甚至坚持以身试药,以确保药物的安全性。
例　(话题写作之运动与健康) Only when we insist on working out regularly can we build up our body.
只有当我们坚持有规律地锻炼时,我们才能强健体魄。
insist on/upon (sb/sth) (doing) sth 坚决要求(某人/某物)(做)某事/坚持做某事
例　He insists that he is right and that measures (should) be taken in advance.
他坚持认为自己是对的,并坚决要求应该提前采取措施。
insist(坚决要求/主张) that...,从句用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”
insist(坚持说/认为) that...,从句用陈述语气
归纳拓展
insist on/upon (sb/sth) (doing) sth 坚决要求(某人/某物)(做)某事/坚持做某事
insist(坚决要求/主张) that...,从句用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”
insist(坚持说/认为) that...,从句用陈述语气
温馨提示
与insist用法相似的词还有suggest。当suggest作“建议”讲时,其后的从句要用虚拟语气;作“表明,暗示”讲时,其后的从句用陈述语气。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子/翻译句子
The young man insisted that he 　　　 　 (send) to the countryside to work as a practice teacher.
Her pale face suggested that she 　　　 (be) ill,and her mother suggested that she 　 　　　 (go) to hospital as soon as possible.
(should) be sent
was
(should) go
(话题写作之语言学习)只有当你坚持运用你所学的东西,你才能够尽快掌握汉语。
Only when you 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 can you master Chinese as quickly as possible.
老师坚持认为成功的秘诀在于强大的意志力。
insist on putting what you have learnt into use
The teacher insists that the secret to success lies in the strong willpower.
7.circumstance n.[usually pl.]条件;环境;状况
[教材原句] There is nothing we can do to help Linda.Her circumstances are beyond our control.
我们帮不了琳达。她的情况我们无法控制。
例　His words were of little comfort in the circumstances.
在这种情况下,他的话起不了什么安慰作用。
例　(读后续写之主题升华)My teacher always reminds me that in/under no circumstances should I abandon my learning goals once I set them.
我的老师总是提醒我,一旦设定了学习目标,在任何情况下都不应该放弃。
in/under no circumstances 绝不;无论如何不(置于句首时,句子部分倒装)
归纳拓展
family/personal circumstances 家庭/个人经济状况
in/under...circumstances 在……情况下
in/under no circumstances 绝不;无论如何不(置于句首时,句子部分倒装)
温馨提示
表示否定意义的介词短语at no time(在任何时候都不)、on no condition
(无论如何都不)、on no account(绝不)、in no way(绝不)、in no sense(绝不)等位于句首时,句子部分倒装。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/语段填空
It is personal efforts instead of social and financial
(circumstance) that play a crucial part in one’s development.
circumstances
(话题写作之人物描写)我的搭档生病了。即使在这种情况下,他仍然不遗余力地和我一起分析、评估我们收集的数据,我内心深处的敬佩之情油然而生。他说无论如何他都不会向困难屈服。
My partner was ill. 　 , he still spared no effort to analyse and evaluate our collected data,and a feeling of admiration began to rise in my deep heart.He said that
would he give in to difficulties.
Even under/in the circumstances
in/under no circumstances
重点句式
现在分词作方式状语
▲
[教材原句] Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract,she found a substance that worked.
通过使用更低的温度萃取提取物后,她发现了一种有效物质。
★句中使用了现在分词作方式状语,use与主语she之间是主动关系。
例　(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)He loved to explore the woods around his house,observing how nature solved problems.
他喜欢探索房子周围的树林,观察大自然是如何解决问题的。
现在分词作状语时,表示的动作是主语动作的一部分,用来修饰谓语动词,常表示动作发生的时间、原因、伴随或方式、条件、结果、让步等情况,并可以转换成相应的状语从句或并列句
例　The coach is a master in volleyball and has led her team to world champions,showing great sportsmanship to the world.
这位教练是排球界的高手,曾带领她的球队获得过世界冠军,向世界展示了伟大的体育精神。
现在分词作状语时,表示的动作是主语动作的一部分,用来修饰谓语动词,常表示动作发生的时间、原因、伴随或方式、条件、结果、让步等情况,并可以转换成相应的状语从句或并列句
[归纳拓展]
温馨提示
①有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语,它们往往作为句子的评注性状语修饰整个句子,表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如:generally speaking(一般来说)、judging by/from ...(从……判断)、taking everything into consideration(从各方面考虑)。
②现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语发出的动作,表示主动关系;过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,表示被动关系。
[语境运用] 完成句子/翻译句子
没过多久,一顿丰盛的早餐就做好了,散发出阵阵香味。
It was not long before a perfect breakfast was well done,　 .
她为我们学生树立了一个好榜样,完全值得我尊敬。
　　　　　　　　　　　 to us students,she fully deserves my respect.
giving off nice smell
Setting a good example
在除夕,我的家人通常聚在一起吃晚饭,分享一些有趣的经历。
知道你喜欢音乐,我想邀请你参加今年的音乐节。
On Chinese New Year’s Eve,my family usually get together,having dinner and sharing some interesting experiences.　
Knowing that you are fond of music,I would like to invite you to attend this year’s music festival.
on/upon + 动词-ing形式/名词
▲
[教材原句] Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine...”
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我……”
★在本句中,“介词upon + 动词-ing形式”为介词短语作时间状语。
例　(读后续写之情感描写)Upon knowing that he was admitted to his dream school,the boy was so excited that he burst into tears.
得知自己被梦寐以求的学校录取后,这个男孩激动得热泪盈眶。
“upon/on doing …”表示“当……时;一……就……”,相当于as soon as 引导的时间状语从句
例　Upon their return to the country,the women’s volleyball team received praise and flowers.
女排一回国,就收到了赞誉和鲜花。
一些表示短暂性动作的动词,如:arrive、return、reach、hear、 see、receive、enter、step、get、 recognise、leave等,它们相应的名词形式或动名词形式用在upon或on之后可表达“一……就……”
[归纳拓展]
温馨提示
其他引导时间状语从句,表示“一……就……”的词汇或结构还有:
①as soon as
②the moment,the instant,the second,the minute
③immediately,directly,instantly
④no sooner...than...,hardly...when.../scarcely...when...
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
　　 　　 learning that Bernard was caught in difficulty,John was immediately committed to helping him by making popcorn.
(读后续写之场景描写)我的头一从大南瓜里拔出来,我就松了一口气。
→　 , I sighed in relief.(as soon as)
→　 , I sighed in relief.(the instant)
→ I sighed in relief.(hardly...when...)
Upon/On
As soon as my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin
The instant my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin
Hardly had my head been pulled out of the huge pumpkin when
长难句分析
[教材原句] This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner),whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin,a crucial new treatment for malaria.
尝试分析:本句是主从复合句,主句运用了被动语态,whose引导的是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Tu Youyou。
自主翻译:本年度的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖已授予屠呦呦(得主之一),她的研究使青蒿素这种至关重要的新型抗疟疾药物得以被发现。
[语境运用] 情境写作
孙中山(Sun Yat-sen)被普遍认为是一位伟大的革命家,他的影响建立在他为创建一个更好的社会持续不断的努力之上。
Sun Yat-sen was widely acknowledged to be a great revolutionist,whose influence was based on his continuous struggle for building a better society.
语法微专题1　
非限制性定语从句
语法原句再现
This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner),whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin,a crucial new treatment for malaria.
In the beginning,Tu Youyou went to Hainan,where malaria was more common,to study malaria patients.
Later,the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom recovered.
This medicine,which was called artemisinin,soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
通过分析以上句子我们可以发现,它们均为非限制性定语从句。观察每个句子并尝试说出限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句之间的异同。
语法知识点拨
一、使用非限制性定语从句的情况
1.关系代词指代整个主句的内容。
They worked out a solution despite all the hardship,which was rather inspiring for us.
他们不畏艰难,想出了一个解决办法,这让我们颇受启发。
2.先行词是专有名词或被物主代词、指示代词修饰。
Yesterday she sold her car,which she bought a month ago.
昨天她卖掉了她一个月之前买的汽车。
3.“名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词”结构中。
此结构常见的有some(several、a few、many、most、part、the largest等) of which/whom形式。有时of which/whom可以提到名词、代词等前面。
He has six suits,of which two are black.
他有六套西服,其中两套是黑色的。
I have some friends,some of whom are experts.
我有一些朋友,其中有些是专家。
[语境运用] 用适当的关系词填空
The man,　　　　 was wearing a black suit,is my uncle.
The Chinese knot,　　　　 is a pretty decoration popular with the Chinese,is usually hung in the sitting room.
In our factory there are 2,000 workers,two thirds of 　　　　 are women.
Our school library,in 　　 　　 we often spend our after-school hours,has a wide collection of books.
who
which
whom
which
二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
1.意义不同。
在限制性定语从句中,从句不可省略,否则原句句意不完整;而非限制性定语从句若去掉从句,主句意思仍完整。
There’s a park near the school where I often go with other students at the weekend.
学校附近有一个公园,周末我经常和其他学生一起去。(限制性定语从句,起限定作用,去掉从句句意不完整)
The house,which we bought last month,lies in the centre of the city.
那所房子位于市中心,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性定语从句,补充说明购买时间,去掉从句句意仍完整)
2.结构要求不同。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,从句与先行词之间不加逗号;而非限制性定语从句用逗号与先行词或主句隔开。
Do you know the man who is clever at painting
你认识那个擅长绘画的人吗 (限制性定语从句)
Our class will hold a theme class meeting,which will be exhibited on the campus website.
我们班级将举办一次主题班会,将在校园网站上展示。(非限制性定语从句)
3.作用不同。
限制性定语从句起修饰限制作用,只可修饰先行词;而非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用,可修饰先行词或主句。
This is the best novel that I have ever read.
这是我所读过的小说中最好的一部。(限制性定语从句,先行词是novel)
The novel,which I read last night,is very interesting.
我昨天晚上看的那部小说非常有趣。(非限制性定语从句,先行词是the novel)
The book is very interesting,which makes me very excited.
这本书很有趣,这让我很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句,which指代前面整句话的内容)
4.省略情况不同。
限制性定语从句关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略;而非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可以省略。
This is a good story (which/that) I read a few days ago.
这是我几天前看过的一个好故事。(限制性定语从句关系代词可以省略)
Last week,we took the foreign students to experience the authentic tea culture,which turned out to be worthwhile.
上个星期,我们带领外国学生体验了正宗的茶文化,结果证明非常值得。(非限制性定语从句关系代词不可以省略)
[语境运用] 用适当的关系词填空
She has been writing for more than half a year,　　　　 is quite unexpected to her.
He is a warm-hearted man,　　　　 lives next to me.
The old man has three sons,two of 　　　　 work as teachers.
which
who
whom
三、as、which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
1.as引导非限制性定语从句时,as一般指代整个主句;而which引导非限制性定语从句时,which既可以指代整个主句,也可以指代主句的一部分。
As we can see,it is impossible to get satisfying results without continuous efforts.
我们可以看到,如果没有持续不断的努力,就不可能取得令人满意的结果。
I was deeply inspired by the artwork I admired yesterday,which was completed by a famous painter.
昨天,我欣赏了一件由一位知名画家完成的艺术作品,深受启发。
He always concentrates all his attention on work,which often makes him forget eating and sleeping.
他总是全神贯注于工作,这使他常常忘记吃饭和睡觉。
2.as引导的从句位置比较灵活,可以位于主句之前或之后,而which引导的从句仅能位于主句之后。
As is known to all,our country is sure to turn more advanced and more powerful with all the people working together.
众所周知,在全体人民的共同努力下,我们的国家一定会变得更加先进、更加强大。
Practice is the only way of testing truth,as we know.
我们知道,实践是检验真理的唯一方式。
I am now used to getting up early and working out every day,which enables me to become healthier.
我现在习惯了每天早起锻炼,这让我变得更加健康。
3.as引导从句时常译为“正如”,而which常译为“这;那”。常用句型有as we all know、as is known to all、as everybody can see、as is expected等。
As everybody can see,great changes have taken place in China.
正如大家所能看到的,中国已发生了巨大的变化。
Tom won first prize in the competition,which made his parents happy.
汤姆在比赛中获得一等奖,这使得他父母很开心。
[语境运用] 用适当的关系词填空
The writer combined his experiences and imagination in his new fiction,
　　　　 is reported by the magazine.
We should do more reading,　　　　 will expand our horizons.
as
which
四、使用非限制性定语从句应注意的问题
1.非限制性定语从句不用that引导。
Water,which is a clear liquid,has many uses.
水是一种清澈的液体,有许多用途。
2.非限制性定语从句不能用why引导,要用for which代替why。
I had told them the reason,for which I didn’t attend the meeting.
我已经告诉了他们为什么我没有参加会议。
3.非限制性定语从句中,关系代词指代的可以是整个主句的内容,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
The sun heats the Earth,which makes it possible for plants to grow.
太阳给予地球热量,这就使植物的生长成为可能。 (which指代整个主句的内容)
[语境运用] 用适当的关系词填空
He achieved great progress in the midterm exams,　　　　 made him feel much more confident.
The reason,　　　 　 he was absent,was that he buried himself in a maths problem and forgot the time.
which
for which
真题体验
1.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu,　　　　 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon,William Shakespeare’s hometown.
【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰Tang Xianzu,且先行词Tang Xianzu在从句中充当主语,指人。故填who。
who
2.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Besides,working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students,many of
　　　　 have emotional control issues.
【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,该从句为“数词+介词+关系词”的结构,关系词指人,故填whom。
whom
3.(2023·全国甲卷)He stressed the self-cultivation,respect for elders,and the pursuit of knowledge,　　 　　 serves as a guiding light in our
fast-paced and interconnected world.
【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,指物,故填which。
which
4.(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable development of this city,　　　　 is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world,means there is always something new to discover here...
【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,指物,故填which。
which
5.(2023·浙江1月卷)The activity began with a lecture by a local botanist,
　　　　 taught us about the different characteristics and uses of various plant species.
【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,指人,故填who。
who
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.China Daily attracts a worldwide readership,　　　　 shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
2.Soon children in the camp had many friends,with 　　 　　 they shared food and stories.
3.This is our headmaster,　　　　 I think has something crucial to tell you.
which
whom
who
4.Students should involve themselves in community activities 　　　　 they can gain experience for growth.
5.The manager,in 　　　　 office I just attended an interview,asked me to go back,waiting for the reply.
6.She has written a book,the name of 　　　　 I have forgotten.
7.“You can’t judge a book by its cover.” 　　　　 the old saying goes.
where
whose
which
as
8.We went through a period 　　　　 communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
9.I have two friends in the company,from 　　　　 I got the good news the other day.
10.In ancient China lived an artist 　　　　 paintings were almost lifelike.
when
whom
whose
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1.我想邀请你参加这次分享活动,我认为这会帮助你了解更多名人的故事。
I’d like to invite you to join this sharing activity,which I think will help you learn about more stories of great men.
2.他创造了许多优秀的经典作品,因此曾被授予诺贝尔奖。
He created a number of excellent classical works,for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize.
3.我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周,届时天气可能会好些。
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,when the weather may be better.
4.我们应该感谢辛勤的老师,从他们那里我们学到了很多。
We are expected to thank our hard-working teachers,from whom we have learnt a lot.
5.正如人们期望的那样,他实验做得非常成功。
He did the experiment successfully,as had been expected.

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