资源简介

(共35张PPT)
UNIT 5　课时作业(一)
(分值:60分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.They built a wall to avoid 　　　　 (土壤) being washed away.
2.The 　　　　 (产量) is twice as much as that of ten years ago.
3.This analysis method is used very little in the related 　　 　　 (国内的) research.
4.It is impossible for this company to recover in such a short time from this financial 　　　　(危机).
soil
output
domestic
crisis
5.Her story tells us that we should value what we have,and try our best to
　　 　　 (克服) any difficulty in life.
6.The 　　 　　 (缺少) of water has become a challenging problem.
7.Through years of dedication and hard work, he finally 　　 　　 (得到) the position of CEO.
8.Most people only have a limited amount of 　　　 　 (空闲) time.
overcome
shortage
attained
leisure
9.They are putting up new hotels in order to 　　　　 (使兴旺) tourism in the area.
10.The survey was carried out in both 　　　　 (城市的) and rural areas.
boost
urban
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.It is 　　　 　 (estimate) that the project will last four years.
2.In some developing countries energy 　　 　　 (consume) is increasing.
3.The 　　　　 (real) of the situation is that unless we find some new funding soon,the research project will have to cease.
4.Tom nodded but he didn’t look 　 　　　 (convince).
estimated
consumption
reality
convinced
5.Even though he argues with his friends sometimes, deep 　　　　 he really cares about them.
6.She spends countless hours studying for her exams, showing a remarkable
　　　 　 (devote) to her academic pursuit.
7.　　 　　 (assume) that you are a farmer,what crops would you like to grow
down
devotion
Assuming
8.The company is sticking to 　　 　　 (convention) business practices despite the rapid changes in the industry.
9.The team is comprised 　　　　 talented individuals from diverse backgrounds.
10.There is evidence that the region was 　　　 　 (intense) dry 15,000 years ago.
conventional
of
intensely
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.Bob 　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 (专心于写作), not noticing it was raining at all.
2.You will need to
(让面试官相信你对工作的热情).
3.　　　　　　　　　　 (据估计) the damage caused by the flood is over five million yuan.
devoted himself to/was devoted to writing
convince the interviewers of your enthusiasm for the job
It is estimated that
4.　　　　　　　　 (事实上), the secret to success is hard work.
5.　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　　　 (考虑到天气较好), we will hold the sports meeting this afternoon.
In reality
Given that the weather is pretty good
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
As temperatures rise to the record level and wildfires happen around the world, the need to meet net-zero targets has never been more urgent. At the same time, increasing climate resilience (适应力) across food systems will be needed to fight rising hunger, according to Abdulla Shahid, president of the 76th session of the UN General Assembly.
Agrivoltaic farming(光伏农业), which uses the shaded space under solar panels (太阳能电池板) to grow crops, could be a way out. In the system, solar panels have to sometimes be lifted or suspended to allow plants to grow beneath them. Another option is putting them on the roofs of greenhouses. This allows enough light and rainwater to reach the crops and provides access for farm machinery.
Certain crops appear to grow well when grown in such environments, according to many recent studies. Researchers in R.O. Korea have been growing a kind of vegetable underneath solar panels. The panels are positioned 2-3 metres off the ground and sit at an angle of 30 degrees, providing shade and offering crops protection from the sun. The researchers, from Chonnam National University, discovered that the vegetable produced was a deeper shade of green, thus attracting many consumers.
Agrivoltaic systems in East Africa are allowing farmers to make better use of land. An agrivoltaic farming project in Kenya is using solar panels held several metres off the ground, with gaps between them. The shade from the panels protects vegetables from heat stress and water loss. This has resulted in rural farmers being able to grow a greater range of higher-value crops. The project effectively harvests the power of the sun twice, the researchers say.
Overall, agrivoltaic farming is one way of using the same area of land to produce more food while also rolling out more sources of renewable energy. According to a highly skilled solar energy expert, it’s a new way of farming—one that is fully electric, runs on renewable resources, and is capable of producing the food we need to feed the future.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了在世界温度攀升、野火频发等危机情况下,光伏农业或能是解决粮食生产与能源问题的新路径。
(　　)1.What is the second paragraph intended to introduce about agrivoltaic farming
[A]How it is built.
[B]How it is accepted.
[C]How it is spread.
[D]How it is developed.
A
【解析】 段落大意题。第二段提到,光伏农业或能是解决粮食问题的新路径。在该系统中,太阳能电池板有时必须抬起来或悬挂起来,以使植物在其下方生长;另一个选择是把它们放在温室的屋顶上。由此可知,本段主要介绍光伏农业的搭建方式。故选A。
(　　)2.What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to
[A]Crops.
[B]Plants.
[C]Solar panels.
[D]Roofs.
C
【解析】 代词指代题。根据画线词所在句可知,此处指太阳能电池板有时必须抬起来或悬挂起来,以使植物能够在其下方生长,由此可知,此处的them指代的是前面提到的solar panels。故选C。
(　　)3.What is the advantage of agrivoltaic farming over traditional farming
[A]It uses land more efficiently.
[B]It saves money on labour costs.
[C]It can reduce wildfire risks.
[D]It is easily managed.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句和最后一段第一句可推断,光伏农业比传统农业更能提高土地的利用率。故选A。
(　　)4.What does the author refer to when evaluating agrivoltaic farming
[A]A common belief.
[B]An expert’s opinion.
[C]A conclusion of previous research.
[D]An organization’s announcement.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。文章最后一段是作者在评价光伏农业,用到了专家的观点。故选B。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
The Beginning of Spring, or “Lichun” in Chinese pinyin, the first of the 24 solar terms,arrives when the sun reaches 315°of ecliptic longitude.
1.　　　 　 (conclude) by ancestors from the shifting weathers and agricultural production, Lichun 2.　　 　　 (regard) as a guide for sowing and plowing in ancient China.
Concluded
was regarded
The spring breeze brings with us 3.　　　　 rise in temperature and the frozen surface of the ground begins to thaw (融化) indicating the
4.　　　　 (revive) of hibernated (冬眠的) creatures.Then insects awake in nests as the weather gets a little warmer.5.　　 　　 (welcome) Lichun, ancient emperors and officials dressed up and held grand ceremonies on this day.People have the custom to show respect to cattle by hitting the head of a paper-made cattle with coloured wooden sticks, 6.　　 　　 is meant to drive out the cattle’s winter laziness and encourage farmers to prepare for spring plowing.
a
revival
To welcome
which
Many of the ceremonies 7.　　 　　 (signal) the start of a new year are not common today yet traditional food with varied flavours is still popular across the country.Dishes such as spring pancakes and spring rolls are the must-eats for people.Both the pancakes and the rolls are rich
8.　　　 the selection of ingredients while the spring rolls feature a more crispy taste.The old traditions may not be celebrated every spring, nor are the traditional dishes 9.　　 　　(necessary) to be enjoyed right on the day.
signaling/signalling
in
necessarily
All these traditions symbolise people’s wish for a better life in the past and present.When Lichun approaches, we surely know it’s time to sow the seeds of crops 10.　　　　 the seeds of hope.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了立春节气的来历和与之相关的农业传统习俗。
and
1.【答案】 Concluded
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,conclude是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语Lichun之间是被动关系,且“总结”这一动作已经完成,所以应用过去分词,表示被动和完成;句首单词首字母大写。故填Concluded。
2.【答案】 was regarded
【解析】 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,regard是句中谓语动词,与主语Lichun之间是被动关系,句中有时间状语in ancient China,应使用一般过去时态,又因主语Lichun是专有名词,是第三人称单数概念,所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。故填was regarded。
3.【答案】 a
【解析】 考查冠词。rise表示“(数量或水平的)增加,提高”,是可数名词;句中rise使用单数形式,表泛指,应用不定冠词修饰,且rise以辅音音素开头,故填a。
4.【答案】 revival
【解析】 考查名词。提示词在句中作宾语,结合空格前定冠词the可知,应用名词revival,意为“复兴,复苏”。故填revival。
5.【答案】 To welcome
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。根据句意,空处所在成分作目的状语,welcome是非谓语动词,应用不定式to welcome表示目的;句首单词首字母大写。故填To welcome。
6.【答案】 which
【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the custom,关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语,应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
7.【答案】 signaling/signalling
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,“　　　　(signal) the start of a new year”作后置定语修饰名词ceremonies,signal是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语ceremonies之间是主动关系,应用现在分词表示主动。故填signaling/signalling。
8.【答案】 in
【解析】 考查介词。be rich in是固定搭配,意为“富有;富于”。故填in。
9.【答案】 necessarily
【解析】 考查副词。提示词修饰动词be enjoyed,应用副词necessarily作状语,意为“必定,一定”。故填necessarily。
10.【答案】 and
【解析】 考查连词。根据句意,“庄稼的种子”和“希望的种子”是并列关系,应用并列连词and连接。故填and。UNIT 5　课时作业(二)
(分值:50分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.　　　　 you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.
2.　　　　 impressed me most is the kindness of local people.
3.　　　　 will take the place of Mr Li as our new headmaster hasn’t been decided.
4.　　　　 caused the accident to happen hasn’t been made clear yet.
5.　　　　 we will hold the party in the open air depends on the weather.
6.It is said 　　　　 Peter will have a chance to travel abroad next month.
7.Whether it will do us harm or good 　　　　 (remain) to be seen.
8.　　　　 he found the way home after he got lost in the deep forest is not clear to us.
9.　　　　 he didn’t come yesterday is unknown.
10.　　　　 major you should choose should be up to yourself.
【答案】 1.That　2.What　3.Who　4.What
5.Whether　6.that　7.remains　8.How
9.Why　10.Which
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (我将如何提高英语口语) is still a puzzle to me, so I am writing to ask for your advice.
2. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (他们所做的事情深深地感动了我们), our tears rolling down without control.
3. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (约翰突然想到) he could make popcorn to help Bernard, with eyes glittering with excitement.
4.When they will start and where they will go 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　(还没定下来).
5. (谁会教我们扩大词汇量) is still open to question.
【答案】 1.How I will improve my spoken English
2.What they had done deeply moved us
3.It occurred to John that　4.have not been decided yet　5.Who will teach us to enlarge our vocabulary
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Like people,plants experience stress.And also,like people,the response to that stress can determine success.
Bad environmental conditions,such as drought,flood,heat and other stresses,affect yields more than crop pests and diseases.“We are trying to find a way to equip plants with the ability to tolerate environmental stress and maintain high yields,” said Stephen Howell,a professor of genetics and cell biology.
“Plant cells produce proteins (蛋白质) and ship them to different parts of the cell.Under normal conditions,these proteins are folded into their normal,healthy structures as they are produced.When a plant is under stress,its cells produce poorly folded or unfolded proteins.Then a built-in system senses this and sets off an alarm in the cell,” said Howell.
In response to the alarm,another protein (IRE1) starts working and creates a different process which activates (激活) the stress response genes whose products bring about defensive measures that help the plant survive.
“As it turns out,responses that are activated under stressful conditions actually inhibit the growth of plants,” said Howell.“This allows them to preserve their energy to survive the stressful conditions.”
“For plants in the wild,this response is a help for survival,” he said.In production of agricultural crops,however,this response reduces yields.
“You don’t want crop plants to stop growing,” Howell said.“You want them to continue to grow and produce more even though they are under stress.”
“With the new understanding of this stress response,the next step may be to silence the alarm system,” said Howell.“What may be important is to disable some of these stress responses.That may make the plant more productive under stressful conditions.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。在不利的环境下,植物会感到有压力,而植物体内存在的一种警报系统能够应对压力,维持植物的生存。但这会造成植物减产,生物学家正在研究如何使植物在有压力的情况下也能维持高产量。
(　　)1.According to the third paragraph,what is an alarm in the plant cells caused by
[A]The folded proteins.
[B]The changed proteins.
[C]The defensive measures.
[D]The stress response genes.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知,当植物处于压力之下时,它的细胞会制造出折叠不充分或未折叠的蛋白质,正是这些改变了的蛋白质使得植物体内存在的一种警报系统发出警报。故选B。
(　　)2.What does the energy preserved in the plants under stress conditions do
[A]It helps the plants to survive.
[B]It helps to maintain high yields.
[C]It keeps the plants growing.
[D]It helps to produce proteins.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知,在压力条件下,植物体内储存的能量能够帮助植物生存下来。故选A。
(　　)3.Which can replace the underlined word “inhibit” in Paragraph 5
[A]Prevent. [B]Start.
[C]Continue. [D]Promote.
【答案】 A
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据第六段中的“this response reduces yields”可推知,画线词所在句的意思为“事实证明,在压力条件下被激活的反应实际上会抑制植物的生长”。由此可知,inhibit 意为“抑制;阻碍”。故选A。
(　　)4.How does Howell intend to make crop plants maintain high yields under stress conditions
[A]By making crop plants keep more energy.
[B]By making crop plants stop growing.
[C]By making the alarm system stop working.
[D]By making the alarm system respond quickly.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,Howell将通过使警报系统停止工作的方法来维持植物在压力条件下的高产量。故选C。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
Thanks to its high yield and brilliant quality,Chinese hybrid rice has been widely introduced to the whole world,1.　　　　 benefits more people.Chinese hybrid rice technology started many years ago.In 1979,hybrid rice seeds of China 2.　　　　 (provide) to other countries for the first time,and years later,Chinese hybrid rice has been planted in dozens of countries in the world.
In the past few decades,Chinese scientists have been devoted to 3.　　　　 (offer) assistance to many other countries.China has trained more than 14,000 hybrid rice professionals for more than 80 developing countries in the world through international training courses.This technology 4.　　　　 (introduce) to more and more places in the world so far.
Yuan Longping,5.　　　　 expert who cultivated the world’s first high-yield hybrid rice strain,not only earned respect from Chinese people but also the global community.His hybrid rice research has been 6.　　　　 (large) saving millions of people from hunger.Yuan helped solve the global food shortage problem 7.　　　　 promote hybrid rice around the world.
8.　　　　 China has achieved is a great wonder,feeding nearly one fifth of the world’s population with less than nine percent of the world’s total land.And China is 9.　　　　 (will) to contribute to global food security and calls for joint efforts to end global hunger and poverty.
It is believed 10.　　　　 the dream of a hunger-free world will come true one day.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了中国杂交水稻技术的历史和所取得的成就。
【答案及剖析】
1.【答案】 which
【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面的主句,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
2.【答案】 were provided
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In 1979可知,此处应用一般过去时;谓语动词provide和主语之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语hybrid rice seeds of China为复数,谓语动词应用复数形式。故填were provided。
3.【答案】 offering
【解析】 考查固定搭配。be devoted to doing sth 意为“献身于/致力于做某事”,是固定短语。故填offering。
4.【答案】 has been introduced
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语so far可知,此处应用现在完成时,谓语动词introduce和主语之间是被动关系,应用现在完成时的被动语态。主语This technology 为第三人称单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been introduced。
5.【答案】 an
【解析】 考查冠词。可数名词单数expert用作同位语,是泛指概念,应用不定冠词限定,且expert以元音音素开头。故填an。
6.【答案】 largely
【解析】 考查副词。修饰后面的动词saving,应用副词largely作状语。故填largely。
7.【答案】 and
【解析】 考查连词。根据句意可知,上文的solve和下文的promote为并列关系。故填and。
8.【答案】 What
【解析】 考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处引导主语从句,应用连接代词what引导从句,作achieved的宾语,意为“所……的事”,位于句首首字母大写。故填What。
9.【答案】 willing
【解析】 考查形容词。此处应用形容词作表语,be willing to do sth 意为“愿意做某事”,是固定短语。故填willing。
10.【答案】 that
【解析】 考查主语从句。It为形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句,且此处为固定句型“It is believed that...”,表示“人们相信……”。故填that。(共108张PPT)
Using Language,Assessing Your Progress,Video Time
Part 2
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. 　 adj.分布广的;普遍的;广泛的
2. n.可供选择的事物
adj.可供替代的;非传统的
3. n.例子;实例;事例
4. n.根;根茎;根部;根源
5. n.方面;层面
写作词汇
widespread
alternative
instance
root
aspect
1.fertiliser　　 n.
2.alleviate vt.
3.pesticide n.
4.bacterium n.(pl.-ria)
5.grocery n.
[pl.]
肥料
减轻;缓解
杀虫剂;除害药物
细菌
食品杂货店
食品杂货
阅读词汇
6.batch n.
vt.
一批;一组
分批处理
拓展词汇
1. adj.有营养的;营养丰富的→nutritional adj.营养(物)的→
nutrition n.营养;滋养
2. n.贫穷;贫困→poor adj.贫穷的;可怜的→poorly adv.糟糕地;不如意;不足
3. adj.有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的→organ n.器官;机构;风琴
4. vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会;领悟 n.摘要;文摘→digestion n.消化;消化能力
5. adj.完全必要的;极其重要的→essentially adv.本质上;基本上
nutritious
poverty
organic
digest
essential
6. n.矿物;矿物质→mine n.矿;矿山 pron.我的→miner n.矿工
7. n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)→deep adj.深的→deeply adv.非常;极其;深深地→deepen v.使加深;使强烈;使低沉
8. adv.全部地;完整地;完全地→entire adj.全部的;整个的;完全的
mineral
depth
entirely
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.in addition　　　　　
2.in turn
3.as for
4.focus on
5.free of/from
另外;此外
相应地;转而;依次;轮流
关于;至于
集中(注意力、精力等)于
没有……的;免于……的
6.for instance
7.nowhere near
8.set up
9.cause damage to
10.switch to
11.be rich in
例如;比如
完全没有;远不及
建立
对……造成破坏
转向
富含
重点句型
1.For example,pesticides can damage the land by killing harmful bacteria and insects, helpful ones.(not only...but also...)
例如,农药在杀死有害细菌和昆虫的同时,也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫,从而破坏土地。
not only
but also
2.As for chemical fertilisers,crops grown with them usually
.(too...to do sth)
至于化学肥料,用其施肥的作物通常生长过快而营养不足。
grow too fast to
be rich in nutrition
3.Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground, .(现在分词短语作结果状语)
种植不同的作物是为了让这些作物把重要的矿物质重新释放回土壤之中,让土壤为下一批作物(的种植)作好准备。
making it ready for the next batch of crops
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与社会——评估化学耕作和有机耕作。
2.语篇类型:说明文。
3.课文内容分析:
本文介绍了化学耕作和有机耕作两种耕作方式的特点,分析了各自的优缺点,最后的结论是人类如果想要既吃得饱又吃得健康,同时保持环境的可持续发展,还有很长的路要走。阅读本文,可以启发学生从多角度思考农业耕作的方式,辩证地看待化学耕作和有机耕作的问题。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
land
lead to
nutrition
chemicals
natural
change
diverse
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.According to the passage,what kind of people are organic farmers
[A]Those who grow crops with chemical fertilisers.
[B]Those who grow crops with natural fertilisers.
[C]Those who produce organic fertilisers.
[D]Those who care for the environment.
B
(　　)2.Why can’t we stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely
[A]Because organic farming costs us a lot of money.
[B]Because organic farming cannot meet people’s need.
[C]Because chemical farming brings us huge profit.
[D]Because chemical farming helps serve the need for food.
D
(　　)3.What is the author’s purpose of writing the text
[A]To call on farmers to turn to organic farming.
[B]To introduce some good ways to make the soil rich.
[C]To urge the government to stop using pesticides.
[D]To give some advice on how to increase the output of crops.
A
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.in turn 相应地;转而;依次;轮流
[教材原句] This affects the crops grown on the land and,in turn,the animals and humans who digest them.
这会影响土里种植的作物,继而影响消化这些作物的人畜。
例　Reading stories can lead to a noticeable increase in human interaction,
which in turn can lower stress levels.
阅读故事可以明显增加人与人之间的互动,转而降低压力水平。
例　(读后续写之情感描写)Some student representatives took turns to deliver speeches at the ceremony.When it was my turn to speak,I was too excited to speak.
一些学生代表轮流在典礼上发言。轮到我发言时,我激动得说不出话来。
take turns (at doing sth/in doing sth/to do sth)
依次;轮流
It is one’s turn to do sth 该轮到某人做某事了
归纳拓展
·by turns (两者) 轮流地;交替地
take turns (at doing sth/in doing sth/to do sth) 依次;轮流
It is one’s turn to do sth 该轮到某人做某事了
·It turns/turned out that...结果是……,原来是……
·in return (for) 作为(对……的)回报
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
All theories come from practice and 　　　　 turn,serve practice.
Leaving home for the first time,he felt cheerful and sad 　　　　 turns.
Bernard and John took turns 　　　　 (sell) popcorn in the market.
in
by
to sell
(读后续写之场景描写)轮到我做演讲了。结果我鼓舞人心的演讲吸引了所有的师生,这使我欣喜若狂。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 my inspiring speech appealed to all the teachers and students,which made me wild with joy.
It was my turn to deliver a speech.It turned out that
2.essential adj.完全必要的;极其重要的
·essentially adv.本质上;基本上
[教材原句] They may look beautiful on the outside,but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals,and they often have less flavour as well.
此类作物外表靓丽,但内里却经常是水分多于必需矿物质,而且往往口感也较差。
例　Getting enough sleep is essential to/for teenagers.
充足的睡眠对青少年来说是必不可少的。
be essential to/for 对……很重要
例　It’s essential for you to make the right decisions at the very start.
重要的是你从一开始就要作出正确的决定。
It is essential for sb to do...对某人来说做……是完全必要的
例　It is essential that you (should) get some reliable information before making inferences.
在进行推断之前获取一些可靠的信息是完全必要的。
It is essential that...(should) do...做……是完全必要的
归纳拓展
be essential to/for 对……很重要
It is essential for sb to do...对某人来说做……是完全必
要的
It is essential that...(should) do...做……是完全必要的
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/翻译句子
Sun and water are essential 　　　　 the growth of crops.
It is essential for students 　 　　　(develop) good study habits.
There are three 　　 　　(essential) different ways of tackling the problem.
to/for
to develop
essentially
举办茶文化展览很重要,因为它可以让参观者进一步了解中国茶文化的
历史。
It is essential that a tea culture exhibition (should) be held,because it makes visitors have a deeper understanding of the history of Chinese tea culture.
3.alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的
·alternatively adv.可供选择地
[教材原句] As an alternative,some farmers have switched to organic farming...
作为一种替代方法,有些农民已经转向有机农业……
例　(读后续写之情感描写)Trapped in such an embarrassing situation,she had no alternative but to force a smile at the crowd.
陷入如此尴尬的境地,她别无选择,只能对着人群强颜欢笑。
have no alternative but to do sth 别无选择只好做某事
例　We are very sad to have to do this,but there is no other alternative.
我们为不得不这么做而感到难过,但是现在没有别的选择了。
归纳拓展
·have no alternative but to do sth 别无选择只好做某事
an alternative to ……的替代品(to为介词)
·an alternative method/solution 一种可供替代的方法
温馨提示
“别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达形式还有have no choice but to do sth、can’t do sth but do sth、can do nothing but do sth。在这些结构中,若but之前出现实义动词do的某种形式,but之后要用省略to的不定式,否则,but之后的to不能省略。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Using public transportation is an alternative to 　　 　　(drive) a car,which can help reduce traffic congestion.
When you visit your Chinese friends for the first time,you can bring a bunch of flowers or 　　　 　(alternative) buy a carton of milk.
driving
alternatively
(读后续写之主旨升华)失败是成功之母。有时候,为了成功,我们别无选择,只有勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训。
Failure is the mother of success.Sometimes,in order to succeed,we
　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 and learn from it.
have no alternative but to face failure bravely
重点句式
“too...to...”结构,意为“太……而不能……”
▲
[教材原句] As for chemical fertilisers,crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition.
至于化学肥料,用其施肥的作物通常生长过快而营养不足。
例 (读后续写之心理描写)The polar bear approached us,making us freeze with terror and too scared to move an inch.
北极熊向我们逼近,我们吓呆了,一动也不敢动。
例 Hearing that she was admitted to her ideal university,Mary was too surprised to utter a single word.
听到自己被理想的大学录取的消息,玛丽惊讶得说不出话来。
[归纳拓展]
温馨提示
有时“too...to...”也表示肯定意义:
①too后跟anxious、eager、glad、happy、pleased、ready、willing等表示心情、心理活动状态或心理倾向的形容词时。
②too前有but、only、all等词对其进行修饰时。
③否定词not、never等用在too前时。
[语境运用] 完成句子/翻译句子
(读后续写之情感描写)当我听到我在写作比赛中获得第一名的消息时,我激动得一句话也说不出来。
I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 when I heard the news that I won the first prize in the writing contest.
was too excited to utter a word
不管你碰到了什么困难,我们都非常乐意帮助你。
We are too ready to help you no matter what difficulties you encounter.
过马路的时候,你再小心也不为过。
You can never be too careful to cross the road.
现在分词短语作结果状语
▲
[教材原句] Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground,making it ready for the next batch of crops.
种植不同的作物是为了让这些作物把重要的矿物质重新释放回土壤之中,让土壤为下一批作物(的种植)作好准备。
例　Tom performed exceptionally well in the piano competition,making his parents very happy.
汤姆在钢琴比赛中表现得异常出色,这让他的父母非常开心。
例　The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,allowing more patients to be treated.
最近这家医院获得了新的医疗设备,能让更多的病人得到治疗。
[归纳拓展]
温馨提示
动词不定式也可作结果状语,但它通常表示一种偶然的、出人意料的结果,有时为了强调这种意外的结果,可在不定式前面加only,意为“(结果)却……;只(只是)……”。
[语境运用] 完成句子/翻译句子
我匆忙赶往火车站,结果却发现火车已经离开了。
I hurried to the station,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the train had left.
我打开窗户,让清晨的新鲜空气流了进来。
I opened the window,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
only to find that
letting in the fresh morning air
(应用文写作之咨询信)我写这封信是想征求你的建议,为向外国朋友介绍中国传统文化的主题班会作准备。
I am writing to get your advice,enabling me to prepare for a theme class
meeting to introduce traditional Chinese culture to foreign friends.　
在很多国家人们都踢足球,这使得足球成为一项国际性的运动。
Football is played in many countries,making it an international sport.
长难句分析
1.[教材原句] What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.
尝试分析: 是what引导的主语从句, 是that引导的同位语从句。
自主翻译:他们不能如愿的原因是化学农业满足了全世界对食物的高需求。
[语境运用] 情境写作
人们普遍认为口语和肢体语言在交际中都很重要。
What is commonly believed is the fact that both spoken language and
body language are important in communication.
2.[教材原句] Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops.
尝试分析:这是一个主从复合句。 是why引导的主语从句,why在从句中作状语; 是that引导的表语从句; 是现在分词短语作结果状语。
自主翻译:种植不同的作物是为了让这些作物把重要的矿物质重新释放回土壤之中,让土壤为下一批作物(的种植)作好准备。
[语境运用] 情境写作
越来越多的成年人喜欢旅行的原因是旅行可以帮助缓解工作压力,让他们放松身心。
Why more and more adults prefer to go travelling is that it can help relieve
work stress,making them relax their bodies and minds.
写作微专题5
Write an argumentative essay on farming
文本解读
1.文体类型:议论文。
2.要点内容:
(1)化学农业和有机农业的不同种植方法;
(2)化学农业和有机农业对环境的不同影响。
[思路指引]
实用表达
1.表达观点型文章常用词组。
in preference to... 优先于……
to begin with 首先
besides=what’s more=in addition 此外
above all 最重要的是
personally speaking 个人而言
in other words=that’s to say 换言之
to sum up=in short=in conclusion=in summary 总之
contribute to=result in=bring about=lead to 导致
because of=owing to=due to=on account of 由于
as a result=as a consequence 结果
do harm/ damage to 损害;损坏
2.表达观点型文章首段常用句式。
Nowadays,an increasing number of people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of...
现在,越来越多的人开始认识到……的严重性。
However,each coin has two sides.
然而,事物都有两面性。
Some people believe/argue/hold the belief that...while others take an opposite side.
一些人认为……而另一些人持相反观点。
People hold different/diverse/various attitudes towards...
人们对……有不同的态度。
Opinions/Views on/about...differ from person to person.
对……的想法因人而异。
From my perspective,the former/latter opinion holds more weight.
在我看来,前者/后者的观点更有分量(更站得住脚)。
From my point of view,the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
在我看来,利大于弊。
3.表达观点型文章中段常用句式。
The following reasons may well justify my judgement.
下面的理由能很好地证明我的判断是正确的。
Here are my reasons.First of all,I think it would be better if...
我的理由如下。首先,我认为如果……会更好。
The reasons for...are as follows.First...Second...Last but not least...
……的原因如下。首先……第二……最后但同样重要的是……
On the one hand...On the other hand...
一方面……另一方面……
No one can ignore the fact that...
没有人能忽视……的事实。
There is no denying the fact that...
不可否认的是……
4.表达观点型文章尾段常用句式。
From the reasons mentioned above,it is not difficult to find that...
从上文提及的原因,不难看出……
From what has been discussed above...
通过以上讨论……
In summary/In short/In conclusion/In closing...,I draw the conclusion that...
总之/最后,我得出结论……
Faced with...we should take a series of effective measures to...
面对……我们应该采取一系列有效的措施……
佳作建构
假设你是李华,最近,你校校报英语专栏在征集主题为 “Chemical Farming or Organic Farming”的文章,请你用英语写一篇支持开展有机农业的文章去投稿。内容包括:
1.有机农业的优点及理由;
2.化学农业的危害;
3.总结自己的观点。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　　　　 n.泥土;土壤;国土;领土
2.　　　　 adj.与化学有关的;化学的
n.化学制品;化学品
3.　　　　 n.味道;特点;特色
4.　　　　 n.肥料
5.　　　　 n.营养;滋养
soil
chemical
flavour
fertiliser
nutrition
6.　　　　 adj.有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的
7.　　　　　　　 相应地;转而;依次;轮流
8.　　　　　　　 关于;至于
9.　　　　　　　 集中(注意力、精力)于
organic
in turn
as for
focus on
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.近些年,有机农产品似乎越来越受欢迎。
In recent years,　　　　　　　　　　 appears to be gaining in popularity.
2.在我看来,有机农业比化学农业更可取,因为它在食品质量和环境保护方面具有重要优势。
In my opinion,organic farming is preferable to 　　　　　　　　,because it has crucial advantages in 　　　　 　 and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
organic produce
chemical farming
food quality
environmental protection
3.首先,有机食品的生长过程虽缓慢但稳定,且不含任何化学物质,这种食物通常营养更丰富,味道更好。
Firstly,organically grown food grows 　　　　　　　 　　 without any
　　　 　.This kind of food is usually full of more 　　　 　 and better
　　　　.
slowly but steadily
chemicals
nutrition
flavour
4.此外,有机农业不含化肥,这无疑对环境友好。
Besides,organic farming is 　　　　　　　　　　 　,which is undoubtedly
　　　　　　　　 the environment.
5.在专注于种植优质食物的同时,它也通过天然的方法尽最大努力照顾好
土壤。
It 　　　　 　 growing good food.Meanwhile it also does its best to
　　　　　　　　　　　　 through 　　　　　　　　.
free of chemical fertilisers
friendly to
focuses on
take good care of the soil
natural means
6.至于化学农业,长期积累的化学物质会污染地下水资源和农田,还会影响农作物,进而影响人类的健康。
　　　　 chemical farming,the long 　　　 　 of chemicals would
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and farmland.They may even 　　　　 both the crops and,　　　　,human beings’ health.
As for
accumulation
pollute the underground water resources
affect
in turn
7.总之,为了人类和环境的健康,有机农业是一个更明智的选择。
In conclusion,organic farming is a 　　　 choice 　　　　　　　　　both people and environment.
wiser
for the benefit of
亮点提升
1.用due to升级句2。
In my opinion,organic farming is preferable to chemical farming due to its crucial advantages in food quality and environmental protection.
2.用定语从句升级句3。
Firstly,organically grown food,whose growth process is slow but steady without any chemicals,is usually full of more nutrition and better flavour.
3.用while 引导的状语从句升级句5。
While focusing on growing good food,it also does its best to take good care of the soil through natural means.
4.用“not only...but also...”升级句6。
As for chemical farming,the long accumulation of chemicals would not only pollute the underground water resources and farmland but also affect both the crops and,in turn,human beings’ health.
范文展示
In recent years,organic produce appears to be gaining in popularity.
In my opinion,organic farming is preferable to chemical farming due to its crucial advantages in food quality and environmental protection.
Firstly,organically grown food,whose growth process is slow but steady without any chemicals,is usually full of more nutrition and better flavour.
Besides,organic farming is free of chemical fertilisers,which is undoubtedly friendly to the environment.While focusing on growing good food,it also does its best to take good care of the soil through natural means.As for chemical farming,the long accumulation of chemicals would not only pollute the underground water resources and farmland but also affect both the crops and,in turn,human beings’ health.
In conclusion,organic farming is a wiser choice for the benefit of both people and environment.
写作练习
你校正在举办英语演讲比赛,作为一名参赛选手,请你以“如何减少食物浪费”为题写一篇演讲稿。要点如下:
1.食物浪费的现状;
2.减少食物浪费的措施。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear teachers and classmates,
Good morning!I’m honoured to be here and share something about how to reduce food waste with you.
That’s all.Thank you!
写作指导
One possible version:
Dear teachers and classmates,
Good morning!I’m honoured to be here and share something about how to reduce food waste with you.
As we all know,food waste has become increasingly severe in our country.Whether in restaurants or school canteens,large quantities of food are thrown away after meals.Consequently,it’s high time that we take action to change this situation.
To reduce food waste,the first thing to do is to order just as much food as we can eat.Furthermore,it’s also a good habit to take what is left over home when we eat out.Last but not least,we should take any chance to encourage people not to waste food.I firmly believe that every small act can make a great difference.
That’s all.Thank you!
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写 微技能之 “点” 情感描写 intense adj.热切的;十分强烈的　essential adj.完全必要的;极其重要的 convince vt.使相信;使信服;说服→convincing adj.有说服力的→
convinced adj.确信的;坚信的　deep down在内心深处;本质上
动作描写 overcome vt.克服;解决　tackle vt.解决(难题);应对(局面)　boost vt.& n.使增长;使兴旺;增长　alleviate vt.减轻;缓解　yield vt.出产;产生　attain vt.获得;得到
人物描写 devote...to...把……用于;献身　work as担任　slim but strong body瘦削但结实的身躯　care little for celebrity不在乎名气
读后续写 微技能之 “线” Indeed,his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers,to whom he had devoted his life.(外貌描写)
Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.(心理描写)
To tackle this crisis,he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.(动作
描写)
As a man of the soil,he cared little for celebrity or money.Instead,he made large donations to support agricultural research.(人物描写)
读后续写 微技能 之“面”
读后续写——摆脱悲伤情绪
看到朋友悲痛欲绝,我焦急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。我得想办法使她振奋起来,并说服她不要屈服于暂时的失败。我不停地安慰她,希望能减轻她的悲伤。我还为她提供了一些帮助解决问题的建议。渐渐地,她悲伤的情绪消失了。她内心深处也意识到,面对困难学会坚强是极其重要的。确信她已完全摆脱悲伤,我感到特别开心。
Seeing my friend overcome with grief,I was so anxious that I felt like an ant on a hot pan.I had to do something to 1.
　　 　 and persuade her not to 2.
　　 　.I kept comforting her,hoping to alleviate her sadness.I also offered her some advice to help 3.　　　　　 　　　　　.
Gradually,her sadness faded away.She realised 4.　　　　　 that it was essential to learn to be strong in face of difficulties.
5.　　　　　 　　 she had fully recovered from her grief,I felt extremely happy.
boost
her spirits
yield to the temporary
failure
tackle her problems
deep down
Convinced that
重点知识回顾
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于→ adj.忠诚的;挚爱的;全心全意的→ n.奉献;关爱;挚爱
2.shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺→ adj.短的;不足的;矮的 n.电影短片→
adv.不久;立刻→ vt.变短;减少;缩短
3.convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服→ adj.确信的;深信的→
adj.令人信服的;有说服力的
devoted
devotion
short
shortly
shorten
convinced
convincing
4.assumption n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得→ vt.假设;认为;承担→ adj.假定的;假设的→ conj.假定;假设
5.estimate vt.估计;估价;估算 n.估计;估算→ n.判断;评价;估计→ adj.估算的;估计的
6.consumption n.消耗;消耗量;消费→ vt.消耗;消费→
n.消费者;用户;顾客
7.vision n.想象;视力;视野;影像→ adj.看得见的;可见的→
vt.展望;想象
assume
assumed
assuming
estimation
estimated
consume
consumer
visible
envision
8.reality n.现实;实际情况;事实→ vt.实现;认识到→ adv.实际上,事实上;真正地→ adj.实际的;真实的;真正的
9.chemical adj.与化学有关的;化学的 n.化学制品;化学品→ n.化学→ n.化学家
10.nutritious adj.有营养的;营养丰富的→ adj.营养(物)的→
n.营养;滋养
realise
really
real
chemistry
chemist
nutritional
nutrition
11.poverty n.贫穷;贫困→ adj.贫穷的;可怜的→ adv.糟糕地;不如意;不足
12.organic adj.有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的→ n.器官;机构;风琴
13.digest vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会;领悟 n.摘要;文摘→ n.消化;消化能力
14.essential adj.完全必要的;极其重要的→ adv.本质上;基本上
poor
poorly
organ
digestion
essentially
15.depth n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)→ adj.深的→ adv.非常;极其;深深地→ v.使加深;使强烈;使低沉
16.entirely adv.全部地;完整地;完全地→ adj.全部的;整个的;完全的
deep
deeply
deepen
entire
Ⅱ.重点词块
1. 　　　　把……用于;献身;致力;专心
2. 包括;包含;由……组成(或构成)
3. 依赖;依靠
4. 在内心深处;本质上;实际上
5. 关心;在意;照顾;照料
6. 担任;当
devote...to
be comprised of
depend on
deep down
care for
work as
7. 相信……
8. 历经千辛万苦
9. 实现某人的梦想
10. 作为……而出名
11. 相应地;转而;依次;轮流
be convinced that
through intense effort
fulfil one’s dream
be known as
in turn
12. 集中(注意力、精力等)于
13. 完全没有;远不及
14. 富含
focus on
nowhere near
be rich in
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.what引导主语从句
However, (他最关心的是) that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
句式仿写
(将活动推向高潮的是) that an exhibition featuring various cultural artifacts was held successfully in our school.
what concerned him most was
What pushed the activity to a peak was
2.“It+be+过去分词+that...”句型
Today, (据估算) about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains,and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.
句式仿写
(据报道) the new highway will be open to traffic next month.
it is estimated that
It is reported that
3.“given+that从句”考虑到……
(考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有),one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.
句式仿写
(考虑到你对中国传统文化如此感兴趣),I invite you to take part in the Culture and Art Festival in our school.
Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy
Given that you are so interested in traditional Chinese culture
4.“too...to...”结构,意为“太……而不能……”
As for chemical fertilisers,crops grown with them usually
(生长过快而营养不足).
句式仿写
This cup of coffee is (太烫了,无法马上喝).
grow too fast to
be rich in nutrition
too hot to drink immediately
5.现在分词短语作结果状语
Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground, (让土壤为下一批作物的种植作好准备).
句式仿写
The fog blanketed the woods,
(使我们无法找到回农场的路).
making it ready for the next batch of crops
making it impossible for us to find our way
back to the farmUNIT 5　课时作业(一)
(分值:60分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.They built a wall to avoid 　　　　 (土壤) being washed away.
2.The 　　　　 (产量) is twice as much as that of ten years ago.
3.This analysis method is used very little in the related 　　　　 (国内的) research.
4.It is impossible for this company to recover in such a short time from this financial 　　　　(危机).
5.Her story tells us that we should value what we have,and try our best to 　　　　 (克服) any difficulty in life.
6.The 　　　　 (缺少) of water has become a challenging problem.
7.Through years of dedication and hard work, he finally 　　　　 (得到) the position of CEO.
8.Most people only have a limited amount of 　　　　 (空闲) time.
9.They are putting up new hotels in order to 　　　　 (使兴旺) tourism in the area.
10.The survey was carried out in both 　　　　 (城市的) and rural areas.
【答案】 1.soil　2.output　3.domestic　4.crisis
5.overcome　6.shortage　7.attained
8.leisure　9.boost　10.urban
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.It is 　　　　 (estimate) that the project will last four years.
2.In some developing countries energy 　　　　 (consume) is increasing.
3.The 　　　　 (real) of the situation is that unless we find some new funding soon,the research project will have to cease.
4.Tom nodded but he didn’t look 　　　　 (convince).
5.Even though he argues with his friends sometimes, deep 　　　　 he really cares about them.
6.She spends countless hours studying for her exams, showing a remarkable 　　　　 (devote) to her academic pursuit.
7.　　　　 (assume) that you are a farmer,what crops would you like to grow
8.The company is sticking to 　　　　 (convention) business practices despite the rapid changes in the industry.
9.The team is comprised 　　　　 talented individuals from diverse backgrounds.
10.There is evidence that the region was 　　　　 (intense) dry 15,000 years ago.
【答案】 1.estimated　2.consumption　3.reality
4.convinced　5.down　6.devotion
7.Assuming　8.conventional　9.of　10.intensely
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.Bob 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (专心于写作), not noticing it was raining at all.
2.You will need to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (让面试官相信你对工作的热情).
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (据估计) the damage caused by the flood is over five million yuan.
4.　　　　　　　　 (事实上), the secret to success is hard work.
5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (考虑到天气较好), we will hold the sports meeting this afternoon.
【答案】 1.devoted himself to/was devoted to writing　2.convince the interviewers of your enthusiasm for the job　3.It is estimated that　4.In reality　5.Given that the weather is pretty good
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
As temperatures rise to the record level and wildfires happen around the world, the need to meet net-zero targets has never been more urgent. At the same time, increasing climate resilience (适应力) across food systems will be needed to fight rising hunger, according to Abdulla Shahid, president of the 76th session of the UN General Assembly.
Agrivoltaic farming(光伏农业), which uses the shaded space under solar panels (太阳能电池板) to grow crops, could be a way out. In the system, solar panels have to sometimes be lifted or suspended to allow plants to grow beneath them. Another option is putting them on the roofs of greenhouses. This allows enough light and rainwater to reach the crops and provides access for farm machinery.
Certain crops appear to grow well when grown in such environments, according to many recent studies. Researchers in R.O. Korea have been growing a kind of vegetable underneath solar panels. The panels are positioned 2-3 metres off the ground and sit at an angle of 30 degrees, providing shade and offering crops protection from the sun. The researchers, from Chonnam National University, discovered that the vegetable produced was a deeper shade of green, thus attracting many consumers.
Agrivoltaic systems in East Africa are allowing farmers to make better use of land. An agrivoltaic farming project in Kenya is using solar panels held several metres off the ground, with gaps between them. The shade from the panels protects vegetables from heat stress and water loss. This has resulted in rural farmers being able to grow a greater range of higher-value crops. The project effectively harvests the power of the sun twice, the researchers say.
Overall, agrivoltaic farming is one way of using the same area of land to produce more food while also rolling out more sources of renewable energy. According to a highly skilled solar energy expert, it’s a new way of farming—one that is fully electric, runs on renewable resources, and is capable of producing the food we need to feed the future.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了在世界温度攀升、野火频发等危机情况下,光伏农业或能是解决粮食生产与能源问题的新路径。
(　　)1.What is the second paragraph intended to introduce about agrivoltaic farming
[A]How it is built.
[B]How it is accepted.
[C]How it is spread.
[D]How it is developed.
【答案】 A
【解析】 段落大意题。第二段提到,光伏农业或能是解决粮食问题的新路径。在该系统中,太阳能电池板有时必须抬起来或悬挂起来,以使植物在其下方生长;另一个选择是把它们放在温室的屋顶上。由此可知,本段主要介绍光伏农业的搭建方式。故选A。
(　　)2.What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to
[A]Crops. [B]Plants.
[C]Solar panels. [D]Roofs.
【答案】 C
【解析】 代词指代题。根据画线词所在句可知,此处指太阳能电池板有时必须抬起来或悬挂起来,以使植物能够在其下方生长,由此可知,此处的them指代的是前面提到的solar panels。故选C。
(　　)3.What is the advantage of agrivoltaic farming over traditional farming
[A]It uses land more efficiently.
[B]It saves money on labour costs.
[C]It can reduce wildfire risks.
[D]It is easily managed.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句和最后一段第一句可推断,光伏农业比传统农业更能提高土地的利用率。故选A。
(　　)4.What does the author refer to when evaluating agrivoltaic farming
[A]A common belief.
[B]An expert’s opinion.
[C]A conclusion of previous research.
[D]An organization’s announcement.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。文章最后一段是作者在评价光伏农业,用到了专家的观点。故选B。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
The Beginning of Spring, or “Lichun” in Chinese pinyin, the first of the 24 solar terms,arrives when the sun reaches 315°of ecliptic longitude.1.　　　　 (conclude) by ancestors from the shifting weathers and agricultural production, Lichun 2.　　　　 (regard) as a guide for sowing and plowing in ancient China.
The spring breeze brings with us 3.　　　　 rise in temperature and the frozen surface of the ground begins to thaw (融化) indicating the 4.　　　　 (revive) of hibernated (冬眠的) creatures.Then insects awake in nests as the weather gets a little warmer.5.　　　　 (welcome) Lichun, ancient emperors and officials dressed up and held grand ceremonies on this day.People have the custom to show respect to cattle by hitting the head of a paper-made cattle with coloured wooden sticks, 6.　　　　 is meant to drive out the cattle’s winter laziness and encourage farmers to prepare for spring plowing.
Many of the ceremonies 7.　　　　 (signal) the start of a new year are not common today yet traditional food with varied flavours is still popular across the country.Dishes such as spring pancakes and spring rolls are the must-eats for people.Both the pancakes and the rolls are rich 8.　　　　 the selection of ingredients while the spring rolls feature a more crispy taste.The old traditions may not be celebrated every spring, nor are the traditional dishes 9.　　　　(necessary) to be enjoyed right on the day.All these traditions symbolise people’s wish for a better life in the past and present.When Lichun approaches, we surely know it’s time to sow the seeds of crops 10.　　　　 the seeds of hope.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了立春节气的来历和与之相关的农业传统习俗。
1.【答案】 Concluded
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,conclude是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语Lichun之间是被动关系,且“总结”这一动作已经完成,所以应用过去分词,表示被动和完成;句首单词首字母大写。故填Concluded。
2.【答案】 was regarded
【解析】 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,regard是句中谓语动词,与主语Lichun之间是被动关系,句中有时间状语in ancient China,应使用一般过去时态,又因主语Lichun是专有名词,是第三人称单数概念,所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。故填was regarded。
3.【答案】 a
【解析】 考查冠词。rise表示“(数量或水平的)增加,提高”,是可数名词;句中rise使用单数形式,表泛指,应用不定冠词修饰,且rise以辅音音素开头,故填a。
4.【答案】 revival
【解析】 考查名词。提示词在句中作宾语,结合空格前定冠词the可知,应用名词revival,意为“复兴,复苏”。故填revival。
5.【答案】 To welcome
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。根据句意,空处所在成分作目的状语,welcome是非谓语动词,应用不定式to welcome表示目的;句首单词首字母大写。故填To welcome。
6.【答案】 which
【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the custom,关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语,应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
7.【答案】 signaling/signalling
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,“　　　　(signal) the start of a new year”作后置定语修饰名词ceremonies,signal是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语ceremonies之间是主动关系,应用现在分词表示主动。故填signaling/signalling。
8.【答案】 in
【解析】 考查介词。be rich in是固定搭配,意为“富有;富于”。故填in。
9.【答案】 necessarily
【解析】 考查副词。提示词修饰动词be enjoyed,应用副词necessarily作状语,意为“必定,一定”。故填necessarily。
10.【答案】 and
【解析】 考查连词。根据句意,“庄稼的种子”和“希望的种子”是并列关系,应用并列连词and连接。故填and。(共31张PPT)
UNIT 5　课时作业(二)
(分值:50分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.　　　　 you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.
2.　　　　 impressed me most is the kindness of local people.
3.　　　　 will take the place of Mr Li as our new headmaster hasn’t been decided.
4.　　　　 caused the accident to happen hasn’t been made clear yet.
That
What
Who
What
5.　　 　　 we will hold the party in the open air depends on the weather.
6.It is said 　　　　 Peter will have a chance to travel abroad next month.
7.Whether it will do us harm or good 　　　　 (remain) to be seen.
8.　　　　 he found the way home after he got lost in the deep forest is not clear to us.
9.　　　　 he didn’t come yesterday is unknown.
10.　　　　 major you should choose should be up to yourself.
Whether
that
remains
How
Why
Which
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 (我将如何提高英语口语) is still a puzzle to me, so I am writing to ask for your advice.
2. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (他们所做的事情深深地感动了我们), our tears rolling down without control.
3. 　　　　　　　　　　　 (约翰突然想到) he could make popcorn to help Bernard, with eyes glittering with excitement.
How I will improve my spoken English
What they had done deeply moved us
It occurred to John that
4.When they will start and where they will go
(还没定下来).
5. (谁会教我们扩大词汇量) is still open to question.
have not been decided yet
Who will teach us to enlarge our vocabulary
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Like people,plants experience stress.And also,like people,the response to that stress can determine success.
Bad environmental conditions,such as drought,flood,heat and other stresses,affect yields more than crop pests and diseases.“We are trying to find a way to equip plants with the ability to tolerate environmental stress and maintain high yields,” said Stephen Howell,a professor of genetics and cell biology.
“Plant cells produce proteins (蛋白质) and ship them to different parts of the cell.Under normal conditions,these proteins are folded into their normal,healthy structures as they are produced.When a plant is under stress,its cells produce poorly folded or unfolded proteins.Then a built-in system senses this and sets off an alarm in the cell,” said Howell.
In response to the alarm,another protein (IRE1) starts working and creates a different process which activates (激活) the stress response genes whose products bring about defensive measures that help the plant survive.
“As it turns out,responses that are activated under stressful conditions actually inhibit the growth of plants,” said Howell.“This allows them to preserve their energy to survive the stressful conditions.”
“For plants in the wild,this response is a help for survival,” he said.In production of agricultural crops,however,this response reduces yields.
“You don’t want crop plants to stop growing,” Howell said.“You want them to continue to grow and produce more even though they are under stress.”
“With the new understanding of this stress response,the next step may be to silence the alarm system,” said Howell.“What may be important is to disable some of these stress responses.That may make the plant more productive under stressful conditions.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。在不利的环境下,植物会感到有压力,而植物体内存在的一种警报系统能够应对压力,维持植物的生存。但这会造成植物减产,生物学家正在研究如何使植物在有压力的情况下也能维持高产量。
(　　)1.According to the third paragraph,what is an alarm in the plant cells caused by
[A]The folded proteins.
[B]The changed proteins.
[C]The defensive measures.
[D]The stress response genes.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知,当植物处于压力之下时,它的细胞会制造出折叠不充分或未折叠的蛋白质,正是这些改变了的蛋白质使得植物体内存在的一种警报系统发出警报。故选B。
(　　)2.What does the energy preserved in the plants under stress conditions do
[A]It helps the plants to survive.
[B]It helps to maintain high yields.
[C]It keeps the plants growing.
[D]It helps to produce proteins.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知,在压力条件下,植物体内储存的能量能够帮助植物生存下来。故选A。
(　　)3.Which can replace the underlined word “inhibit” in Paragraph 5
[A]Prevent.
[B]Start.
[C]Continue.
[D]Promote.
A
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据第六段中的“this response reduces yields”可推知,画线词所在句的意思为“事实证明,在压力条件下被激活的反应实际上会抑制植物的生长”。由此可知,inhibit 意为“抑制;阻碍”。故选A。
(　　)4.How does Howell intend to make crop plants maintain high yields under stress conditions
[A]By making crop plants keep more energy.
[B]By making crop plants stop growing.
[C]By making the alarm system stop working.
[D]By making the alarm system respond quickly.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,Howell将通过使警报系统停止工作的方法来维持植物在压力条件下的高产量。故选C。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
Thanks to its high yield and brilliant quality,Chinese hybrid rice has been widely introduced to the whole world,1.　　　 　 benefits more people.Chinese hybrid rice technology started many years ago.In 1979,
hybrid rice seeds of China 2.　 　　　 (provide) to other countries for the first time,and years later,Chinese hybrid rice has been planted in dozens of countries in the world.
which
were provided
In the past few decades,Chinese scientists have been devoted to
3.　　　　 (offer) assistance to many other countries.China has trained more than 14,000 hybrid rice professionals for more than 80 developing countries in the world through international training courses.This technology 4.　　 　　 (introduce) to more and more places in the world so far.
offering
has been introduced
Yuan Longping,5.　　　　 expert who cultivated the world’s first high-yield hybrid rice strain,not only earned respect from Chinese people but also the global community.His hybrid rice research has been
6.　　 　　 (large) saving millions of people from hunger.Yuan helped solve the global food shortage problem 7.　　　　 promote hybrid rice around the world.
an
largely
and
8.　　　　 China has achieved is a great wonder,feeding nearly one fifth of the world’s population with less than nine percent of the world’s total land.And China is 9.　　　　 (will) to contribute to global food security and calls for joint efforts to end global hunger and poverty.
It is believed 10.　　　　 the dream of a hunger-free world will come true one day.
What
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了中国杂交水稻技术的历史和所取得的成就。
willing
that
1.【答案】 which
【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面的主句,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
2.【答案】 were provided
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In 1979可知,此处应用一般过去时;谓语动词provide和主语之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语hybrid rice seeds of China为复数,谓语动词应用复数形式。故填were provided。
3.【答案】 offering
【解析】 考查固定搭配。be devoted to doing sth 意为“献身于/致力于做某事”,是固定短语。故填offering。
4.【答案】 has been introduced
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语so far可知,此处应用现在完成时,谓语动词introduce和主语之间是被动关系,应用现在完成时的被动语态。主语This technology 为第三人称单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been introduced。
5.【答案】 an
【解析】 考查冠词。可数名词单数expert用作同位语,是泛指概念,应用不定冠词限定,且expert以元音音素开头。故填an。
6.【答案】 largely
【解析】 考查副词。修饰后面的动词saving,应用副词largely作状语。故填largely。
7.【答案】 and
【解析】 考查连词。根据句意可知,上文的solve和下文的promote为并列关系。故填and。
8.【答案】 What
【解析】 考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处引导主语从句,应用连接代词what引导从句,作achieved的宾语,意为“所……的事”,位于句首首字母大写。故填What。
9.【答案】 willing
【解析】 考查形容词。此处应用形容词作表语,be willing to do sth 意为“愿意做某事”,是固定短语。故填willing。
10.【答案】 that
【解析】 考查主语从句。It为形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句,且此处为固定句型“It is believed that...”,表示“人们相信……”。故填that。(共41张PPT)
UNIT 5　课时作业(四)
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共7题;每题1分,共7分)
(分值:49.5分)
单元知识综合练
1.digest
A.v.消化　B.vt.领会,领悟　C.n.摘要
①Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation(突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.　　
②I will send you a monthly news digest as a birthday gift.　　
③It often takes a long time to digest new ideas.　　
A
C
B
2.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①I repeated the question and waited for her to expand.　　　　　　　
②She was rooted to her chair.　　　　　　　
③The night before the test I was overcome by fear and despair.
　　　 　　　　
④Winning the competition was a wonderful boost for her morale.
　　　　　　　
详述
稳固的
受到……的极大影响
激励
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Agriculture has come a long way from its ancient beginnings. Long ago, farmers would work hard on their individual plots of land, using simple tools or even their bare hands. They tended their crops for many hours each day so that the crops grew well. 1.　　　 For example, a single storm could destroy a whole year’s work, while a summer of good weather could ensure a good harvest.
A
Modern science and technology has helped to greatly reduce the back-breaking labour involved in farming, along with the reliance on luck and guesswork. 2.　　
G
Probably one of the most beneficial innovations is drip irrigation, which has made it possible to develop big green farms in the middle of the desert. Symcha Blass, an Israeli scientist, discovered this way of irrigation in the 1940s.Through this discovery, farmers can now produce crops on dry land without needing much water. 3.　　　 The limited and focused use of just the right amount of water also denies moisture(水分) to weeds,keeping them from harming the crops.
E
4.　　　 However,what if an area has plenty of water, but little usable soil As it turns out, it is possible to grow plants without using soil at all.
With hydroponics (水培),plant roots are supported by rocks or a fiber mat. Nutrient-rich water is then provided so that the plants can grow.Recent research has centred on vertical hydroponics farming.
C
With a vertical farm, the crops are planted in containers that are piled into plant skyscrapers. 5.　　　 With such technological advances, the image of a farmer pushing a plough will eventually become a thing of the past.
F
A.Luck played a great part in farming.
B.Some areas would be too dry to grow crops.
C.Drip irrigation deals with a lack of water in an area.
D.There have been experiments to make drip irrigation a reality.
E.This irrigation method uses far less water than other methods.
F.Furthermore, nearly all hydroponic farms are partially or fully automated.
G.Farmers have benefited greatly from innovations in crop production.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了科学技术在农业中的应用,具体说明了滴灌和水培农业及其优点。
1.【答案】 A
【解析】 上文指出农民们为了庄稼长得好,每天要花很多时间照料庄稼,下文以具体例子说明,突发天气状况会影响收成,A项引出下文,符合上下文语境。故选A。
2.【答案】 G
【解析】 设空处前一句指出现代科技给农业带来的好处。G项承接上文,继续描写现代科技给农业带来的好处,符合语境。故选G。
3.【答案】 E
【解析】 设空处上一句指出滴灌的优点,农民不仅可以在旱地上种植,而且不需要太多的水,下文指出滴灌使用有限而集中的水对农业的好处。E项继续描写滴灌的好处,符合语境。故选E。
4.【答案】 C
【解析】 上文第三段提到了滴灌的好处;再根据设空处下一句,尤其是句首的However可知,空处和下文是对比关系。C项承上启下,符合语境。故选C。
5.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据倒数第二段最后一句和设空处上一句可知,最近的研究集中在垂直水培农业上;设空处下一句说,随着技术的进步,农民推着犁的形象最终将成过去式,F项承上启下,符合语境。故选F。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
Farming and Gardening
Agriculture has a long history in China.Much of the wisdom 　1　by early Chinese scientists is still useful for farmers and gardeners today.One of China’s early 　2　 scientists was Jia Sixie,who lived in the sixth century AD.He spent his time doing 　3　 into agriculture.He collected information,
studied it,did experiments and learnt from the 　4　 of farmers.
Around 540 AD,he wrote a book called Essential Techniques for the Welfare of the People(《齐民要术》).The book is about both farming and
　5　.It includes advice on growing green vegetables and fruit trees,
keeping animals and fish in lakes.There are also 　6　 for making wine.Jia Sixie’s book is a(n) 　7　 guide for farming.Firstly,if you sow seeds and
　8　 young plants in the fields at the correct time of the year,your work will be less and 　9　 will be better.Examine the soil on your farm 　10　.
Before sowing or planting crops,you must clean rough ground and
　11　 weeds.Let sheep or cows walk on the land to destroy the weeds or eat them.The best harvest is reached when farmers 　12　 the crops in their fields.For example,do not plant rice 　13　 in the same field.But if you plant rice in a field one year and wheat in the field the next year,you will 　14　 good crops.Other scientists said that wheat should be planted with space between the plants,but Jia did experiments and 　15　 that planting wheat close together is better.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代农学家贾思勰的耕种方法对我国农业的重要指导作用。
(　　)1.
A
【解析】 结合前文Much of the wisdom可知,此处指早期的中国科学家发现(discovered)的许多学问对农民和园艺家仍然是有用的。故选A。
[A]discovered
[B]recovered
[C]reported
[D]repeated
(　　)2.
D
【解析】 结合后文into agriculture可知,此处指贾思勰是我国古代的农学(agricultural)家。故选B。
[A]industrial
[B]agricultural
[C]cultural
[D]martial
(　　)3.
B
【解析】 结合后文“He collected information,studied it,did experiments...”可知,贾思勰花时间来研究(research)农业。故选B。
[A]search
[B]research
[C]experiment
[D]movement
(　　)4.
D
【解析】 结合后文of farmers可知,贾思勰向农民学习农业经验(experience)。故选D。
[A]adventures
[B]advantages
[C]tradition
[D]experience
(　　)5.
B
【解析】 结合后文“growing green vegetables and fruit trees,keeping animals and fish in lakes”可知,这本书是关于农业和园艺(gardening)的。故选B。
[A]nursing
[B]gardening
[C]produce
[D]trade
(　　)6.
A
【解析】 结合后文for making wine可知,这本书也有酿酒的指导(instructions)。故选A。
[A]instructions
[B]constructions
[C]measures
[D]treasures
(　　)7.
B
[A]economical
[B]practical
[C]similar
[D]regular
【解析】 结合后文介绍书的内容可知,贾思勰的这本关于农业种植的书里有许多实用的知识,是一本实用的(practical)农业指南。故选B。
(　　)8.
C
【解析】 根据后文young plants可知,此处指种植(grow)幼苗。故选C。
[A]drop
[B]increase
[C]grow
[D]throw
(　　)9.
D
【解析】 与前文work相呼应,此处指结果(results)。故选D。
[A]dreams
[B]ending
[C]hope
[D]results
(　　)10.
B
【解析】 结合语境,本句说明要细心、仔细地(carefully)检查土壤。故选B。
[A]successfully
[B]carefully
[C]gradually
[D]frequently
(　　)11.
A
【解析】 结合常识,在播种或种植作物之前,必须平整土地并清除杂草;后文说明让羊或牛在地上走也是为了除(remove)草。故选A。
[A]remove
[B]pull
[C]kill
[D]reduce
(　　)12.
D
【解析】 结合后文“do not plant rice　13　in the same field”可知,要变换(change)着种植农作物。故选D。
[A]keep
[B]improve
[C]manage
[D]change
(　　)13.
D
【解析】 前文说明要变换着种植农作物,那么意思就是不在同一块地里年复一年(year after year)地种同一种庄稼。故选D。
[A]one after another
[B]here and there
[C]now and then
[D]year after year
(　　)14.
C
【解析】 结合后文good crops可知,如果每年变换着种不同的庄稼,就会收获(harvest)好收成。故选C。
[A]win
[B]collect
[C]harvest
[D]plant
(　　)15.
A
【解析】 结合前文“but Jia did experiments”可知,后半句应是实验结果表明(showed)的内容。故选A。
[A]showed
[B]meant
[C]intended
[D]decided
Ⅳ.应用文写作(15分)
假设你是红星中学的李华,得知学校将在本周末举办一次蔬菜种植活动。请用英语写一封电子邮件邀请你的朋友Sam参加。内容包括:
1.写电子邮件的目的;
2.活动时间、地点和内容;
3.表达期望。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Sam,
Yours,
Li Hua
[写作指导]
One possible version:
Dear Sam,
We are scheduled to go to a farm near our school to experience the countryside life on Sunday.I am writing to invite you to come.
We will set off from the school gate at eight o’clock in the morning.It will take us about an hour to get there.After arrival,we will assist the farmers to grow various vegetables and water them.At noon we will enjoy a typical farmhouse meal there.After that,we will head back to school.
Indeed,I think it is a good chance for you to see what life is like in the countryside of China.
For some more details,don’t hesitate to contact me.Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua[头脑风暴·思维发散]
　　Our class is comprised of thirty students.Deep down,all of us envision ourselves attaining respectful jobs in ideal cities in the near future.Dreams rooted in our hearts,we preserve and devote ourselves to our study all days.We are greatly convinced that only if we spare no effort to study can we broaden our vision and boost our ability to tackle crises.We learn by combining conventional learning methods with modern ones to expand our knowledge so as to output what we have learnt in the future.On the assumption that we always have such an intense and widespread interest in study,it is estimated that we can put our dreams into reality.
我们班由30名学生组成。在内心深处,我们都憧憬着在不久的将来能在理想的城市里找到体面的工作。梦想在我们心中扎根,我们坚持不懈,整天全身心地投入到学习中。我们深信,只有努力学习,才能开阔视野,提高应对危机的能力。我们将传统的学习方法与现代的学习方法相结合,以扩大我们的知识,以便在未来输出我们所学到的知识。假设我们总是对学习有如此强烈和广泛的兴趣,估计我们可以把我们的梦想变成现实。
Reading and Thinking,Learning About Language
写作词汇
1.tackle　　　 vt.解决(难题);应付(局面);处理
2.crisis n.(pl.crises)危机;危急关头
3.boost vt.使增长;使兴旺
n.增长;提高;激励
4.attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得;得到
5.intense adj.热切的;十分强烈的;激烈的
6.overcome vt.(overcame,overcome)克服;解决;战胜
7.domestic adj.本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的
8.comprise vt.包括;包含;由……组成
9.leisure n.闲暇;休闲;空闲
10.celebrity n.名望;名誉;名人;名流
11.urban adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的
12.flavour (NAmE -vor)n.味道;特点;特色
阅读词汇
1.hybrid　　 n.杂交植(动)物;合成物;混合动力车
2.yield n.产量;产出
vt.出产(作物);产生(收益、效益等)
vi.屈服;让步
3.pollinate vt.授粉;传粉
4.output n.产量;输出;输出量
vt.(output,output)输出
5.strain n.(动、植物的)系;品种;拉伤;压力
6.soil n.泥土;土壤;国土;领土
7.sorghum n.高粱;高粱米
8.broom n.扫把;扫帚;金雀花
9.grain n.谷物;谷粒;颗粒
10.bomb n.炸弹
vt.轰炸;对……投炸弹
11.tunnel n.地下通道;地道;隧道
12.wheat n.小麦;小麦籽
拓展词汇
1.devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于→devoted adj.忠诚的;挚爱的;全心全意的→devotion n.奉献;关爱;挚爱
2.shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺→short adj.短的;不足的;矮的 n.电影短片→shortly adv.不久;立刻→shorten vt.变短;减少;缩短
3.convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服→convinced adj.确信的;深信的→convincing adj.令人信服的;有说服力的
4.characteristic n.特征;特点;品质 adj.典型的;独特的→character n.性格,品质;特征;字母
5.conventional adj.传统的;习惯的→convention n.社会习俗;行为规范;惯例
6.assumption n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得→assume vt.假设;认为;承担→assumed adj.假定的;假设的→assuming conj.假定;假设
7.expand vt.& vi.扩大;增加 vt.扩展;发展(业务)→expansion n.扩张;扩大;发展
8.estimate vt.估计;估价;估算 n.估计;估算→estimation n.判断;评价;估计→estimated adj.估算的;估计的
9.consumption n.消耗;消耗量;消费→consume vt.消耗;消费→consumer n.消费者;用户;顾客
10.generate vt.产生;引起→generation n.一代人;产生
11.vision n.想象;视力;视野;影像→visible adj.看得见的;可见的→envision vt.展望;想象
12.reality n.现实;实际情况;事实→realise vt.实现;认识到→really adv.实际上,事实上;真正地→real adj.实际的;真实的;真正的
13.salty adj.含盐的;咸的→salt n.盐
14.extension n.扩建部分;扩大;电话分机→extend v.延长;延伸;扩大
15.chemical adj.与化学有关的;化学的 n.化学制品;化学品→chemistry n.化学→chemist n.化学家
重点词块
1.devote...to　　　　 把……用于;献身;致力;专心
2.be comprised of 包括;包含;由……组成(或构成)
3.depend on 依赖;依靠
4.deep down 在内心深处;本质上;实际上
5.far from 远远不;绝非
6.care for 关心;在意;照顾;照料
7.work as 担任;当
8.be convinced that 相信……
9.through intense effort 历经千辛万苦
10.fulfil one’s dream 实现某人的梦想
11.be known as 作为……而出名
12.have a serious shortage of 严重短缺
重点句型
1.However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.(what引导主语从句)
然而,他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收,有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。
2.Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains,and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.(“It+be+过去分词+that...”句型)
据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物,这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
3.Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy,one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.(given that引导条件状语从句)
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有,人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与社会——农业领域卓有成就的人物。
2.语篇类型:介绍人物的记叙文。
3.课文内容分析:
本文介绍的是农业科学家袁隆平,主要介绍了他的生平事迹、从事农业研究的原因、他为解决粮食短缺问题所付出的努力与取得的成就等,尤其是将袁隆平低调、朴素的生活与他对农业的热情形成对比。阅读本文,有利于学生了解袁隆平对世界稻米生产所作出的巨大贡献,理解他少年立志、甘愿为农业奉献一生的内部原因和外部原因,激发学生对以袁隆平为代表的农业科学家的崇敬之情,增加对农业发展的意义的认识。
多维解读·浅析结构
【答案】 1.a farmer　2.agriculture　3.technical　4.innovation　5.celebrity　6.young
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.Why did Yuan Longping consider himself a farmer
[A]Because he continually worked the land in his research.
[B]Because his body was slim but strong like Chinese farmers.
[C]Because he had devoted his life to Chinese farmers.
[D]Because he was born in a family in the countryside.
(　　)2.Why did Yuan Longping choose to study agriculture
[A]Because his parents wanted him to do so.
[B]Because he wanted to win awards in his field.
[C]Because farmers sometimes suffered from serious shortage of food at that time.
[D]Because he wanted to make more money by selling seeds.
(　　)3.What is the main idea of the text
[A]It is about super hybrid rice.
[B]It is about Yuan Longping who produced hybrid rice to increase rice output.
[C]It mainly talks about how to increase rice output.
[D]It mainly talks about how to solve the world hunger.
【答案】 1.A　2.C　3.B　
二次开发·深研课文
Yuan Longping,known as the “father of hybrid rice”,was one of China’s most famous scientists.He considered 1.　　　　 (he) a farmer because he continually worked the land in his research.
Seeing that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat,Yuan 2.　　　　 (choose) to study agriculture.After graduating from college,Yuan worked as a researcher.He realised the key to 3.　　　　 (tackle) hunger was to boost yields in the fields.To realise the goal,Yuan must find a hybrid rice 4.　　　　 is a cross between two or more varieties of a species.After years of hard work,the first hybrid rice 5.　　　　 (develop) by Yuan in 1974.This hybrid enabled farmers 6.　　　　 (expand) their output greatly.
Today,it is estimated that about 60% of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised 7.　　　　 crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains.Yuan’s innovation has helped feed not just China,but many other countries that depend on rice,too.
Because of his invaluable contributions,Yuan Longping received numerous awards at home and abroad.He cared little for celebrity or money.Instead,he made large donations to support agricultural research.8.　　　　 impressed people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams.His later vision for “seawater rice” also became a 9.　　　　(real).Even in his 10.　　　　(late) years,Yuan was still young at heart and full of vision.
【答案】 1.himself　2.chose　3.tackling　4.that/which　5.was developed　6.to expand　7.of　8.What　9.reality　10.later
1.devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于
·devoted adj.忠诚的;挚爱的;全心全意的
·devotion n.奉献;关爱;挚爱
[教材原句] Indeed,his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers,to whom he had devoted his life.
确实,他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。
例　(应用文写作之申请信)If I am chosen,I will devote myself to being a qualified volunteer.I do hope that you can take my application into consideration.
如果我被选中,我将致力于成为一名合格的志愿者。我真心希望您能考虑我的申请。
例　(读后续写之主旨升华)You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work and study.
除非你全身心地投入工作和学习中,否则你永远不会获得成功。
·devote...to...把……用于;献身;致力;专心 devote oneself to...献身于……;致力于…… ·be devoted to (doing) sth 献身于(做)某事;致力于(做)某事 ·devotion to...对……的热爱/奉献
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
He made up his mind to devote all he had to 　　　　(help) those children.
His energetic 　　　　(devote) to work always wins him respect and praise from both his colleagues and students.
Professor Black has been working in the forest for years,　　　　(devote) to the research of plants and animals.
(话题写作之人物介绍)我最尊敬的人是袁隆平,他终生致力于研究杂交水稻和为人民服务。
The person I respect most is Yuan Longping,who 　 .
【答案】 helping　 devotion　 devoted
devoted his whole life to studying hybrid rice and serving the people或devoted himself to/was devoted to studying hybrid rice and serving the people in his whole life
She is devoted to carrying out the research on The Dream of Red Mansion all her life.Every day,she devotes more than 10 hours to her work,and we all admire her for her devotion.
她一生致力于《红楼梦》的研究。每天,她花在工作上的时间超过十个小时,我们都很钦佩她的敬业精神。
2.shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺
·short adj.短的;不足的;矮的,低的n.电影短片
·shortly adv.不久;立刻
[教材原句] However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
然而,他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收,有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。
例　We should put all our efforts together to find a solution to the problem of water shortage.
我们应该齐心协力找到解决缺水问题的办法。
例　Although more buses have recently been provided,a shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem.
尽管最近增加了更多的公交汽车,但公共交通工具短缺仍然是一个严重的问题。
·a shortage of...缺乏…… ·in short 总之;简言之 ·be short for 是……的简称 be short of 缺乏;不足
除短语in short外,写作时还常常用到下面的短语作为全文总结语:in conclusion、in a word、in brief、all in all、to sum up、on the whole等。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/翻译句子
That would be short 　　　　 William,I imagined.
Manufacturing industry was worst affected by the fuel 　　　　(short).
岛上缺少淡水,这对农业发展是不利的。

【答案】 for　 shortage　 There is a shortage of fresh water on the island,which is bad for the development of agriculture.
3.convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服
·convinced adj.确信的;深信的
·convincing adj.令人信服的;有说服力的
[教材原句] Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.
袁隆平确信答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。
例　(应用文写作之申请信)With good communication skills,I am greatly convinced that I am qualified for this job.
拥有良好的沟通能力,我深信我能胜任这份工作。
例　(读后续写之主旨升华)I’m firmly convinced of the significance of honesty,which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.
我坚信诚实的重要性,它有助于建立一个温暖、和谐的社会。
例　I have convinced David to take up the challenge and join in the cross-country team.
我说服了大卫接受挑战并加入越野队。
·convince sb of sth使某人相信某事 convince sb that...使某人确信…… convince sb to do sth说服某人做某事 ·be convinced that/of...确信……;坚信……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
You need to convince them 　　　　 your ability to do the job,otherwise,you would fail to get it.
I’ve been trying my best to convince him 　　　　 (see) a doctor.
From his 　　　　 words,I was entirely 　　　　 of his ability to tackle this problem perfectly.(convince)
我坚信你想要在访谈节目中分享的内容将对我们大有裨益。
I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 what you’d like to share at the chat show will be of great benefit to us.
【答案】 of　 to see　 convincing;convinced　 am firmly convinced that
The convincing argument that he gave convinced me of the fact that hard work is the key to success.I am convinced that as long as I make every effort,I am bound to realise my dream.
他给出的令人信服的论据使我认识到勤奋是成功的关键。我相信只要尽全力,我一定会实现我的梦想。
4.assumption n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得
·assume vt.假设;认为;承担
·assumed adj.假定的;假设的
·assuming conj.假定;假设
[教材原句] The common assumption then was that it could not be done.
当时普遍认为这是不可能实现的。
例　(应用文写作之演讲稿)Assuming/On the assumption that I can assume office,I will organise more colourful after-class activities to enrich our school life.
假设我能就职,我将组织更多丰富多彩的课外活动来丰富我们的学校生活。
例　It is generally assumed that smoking is harmful to health.
普遍认为,吸烟有害健康。
·make an assumption/assumptions (about...) (对……)作出假设 on the assumption that...假定…… ·assume...to be...认为……是……;假定……是…… ·It is generally assumed that...普遍认为…… ·assuming (that)...假定/假设……
在英语中,某些动词的现在分词或过去分词可直接用作介词或连词。这类单词有supposing (conj.假设;如果)、provided/providing (conj.假设;如果)、considering (prep.& conj.鉴于;考虑到)、including (prep.包括;包含)等。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Farmers will have a good harvest,　　　　(assume) that the weather is favourable.
We assumed him 　　　　(be) the first boy to climb the mountain.
We are working 　　　　 the assumption that everyone invited will turn up.
人们普遍认为喝茶不仅可以让我们提神,还能增强我们的记忆力。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　but also strengthen our memory.
【答案】 assuming　 to be　 on　 People generally assume that/It is generally assumed that drinking tea can not only refresh ourselves
5.comprise vt.包括;包含;由……组成
[教材原句] Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains,and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.
据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物,这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
例　The committee comprises members from all parts of society.
该委员会的成员来自社会各界。
例　(读后续写之主旨升华)Life is comprised of not only sunshine but also storms.
生活不仅有阳光,还有暴风雨。
be comprised of 包括;包含;由……组成(或构成) 同义短语:be composed of/be made up of/be comprised of/consist of 由……组成
comprise 表示“由……组成”时,不用于进行时态;consist of没有被动语态,相当于be made up of或be composed of,且不用于进行时。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The rescue team comprised 　　　　 five doctors and seven nurses has been sent to the disaster areas.
(话题写作之学校生活)我们俱乐部提供的由听讲座、参加舞蹈比赛和观看视频组成的这些活动几乎受到所有学生的欢迎。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,the activities our club provides are popular with almost all the students.
【答案】 of　 Comprised of/Consisting of/Made up of/Composed of listening to lectures,taking part in dance competitions and watching videos
6.reality n.现实;实际情况;事实
·real adj.实际的;真实的;真正的
·realistic adj.现实的;实际的;逼真的
[教材原句] His later vision for “seawater rice”also became a reality,and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometres of salty land in China for rice production.
他后来的“海水稻”愿景也已经成为现实,有望在中国开辟近100万平方千米的盐碱地用于水稻生产。
例　(读后续写之主旨升华)When meeting with difficulties,one should face reality and try to solve the difficulties instead of escaping.
当一个人遇到困难的时候,应该面对现实,努力解决困难,而不是逃避。
例　Many things that wouldn’t happen before have come into reality now.
许多以前不可能发生的事现在都实现了。
in reality 事实上;实际上 turn...into reality 把……变成现实 come into reality 实现
truth、reality这两个词都有“真实;现实”的意思,其区别在于:truth强调与实际相符;reality指实际存在、实际看到或经历过的事实,也可指抽象的客观现实,还可指艺术塑造和真实存在非常相像、逼真。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/翻译句子
　　　　 reality,different students have different learning habits,which I think have a great influence on their learning efficiency.
Students are required to set 　　　　(reality) goals so that they are more likely to gain a sense of achievement.
经过多年的努力,他的梦想实现了。
【答案】 In　 realistic　 After years of hard work,his dream came into reality.
“It+be+过去分词+that...”句型
[教材原句] Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains,and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.
据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物,这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
例 It is estimated that the total economic loss caused by the natural disaster will exceed five million yuan.
据估计,这场自然灾害造成的总经济损失将超过500万元。
例 It was said that he had won first prize in the national mathematics competition.
据说他在全国数学竞赛中获得了一等奖。
例 It is widely known that the Great Wall is one of the world’s miracles.
众所周知,长城是世界奇迹之一。
[归纳拓展]
在“It is suggested/ordered/commanded...that...”句型中,从句的谓语动词用should do,should可以省略。
[语境运用] 翻译句子
据估计,全市人口大约有一百万。
据报道,近一两日气温将明显下降。
众所周知,“有志者事竟成”。
【答案】 It is estimated that the population of the whole city is about one million.　 It is reported that the temperature will decline sharply in one or two days.　 It’s known to us all that “where there is a will,there is a way”.
“given+that从句” 考虑到……
[教材原句] Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy,one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有,人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
例 (话题写作之学校生活)Given that we students need more exercise,our school organised a mountain climbing activity last Sunday.
考虑到我们学生需要更多的锻炼,我校上周日组织了一次爬山活动。
例 Given the general state of his health,it may take a while for him to recover from the operation.
鉴于他整体的健康状况,他可能需要一段时间才能从手术中恢复过来。
[归纳拓展]
和given that类似的句型有:
considering that...考虑到……
provided/providing (that)...如果……;假设……;在……条件下
suppose/supposing (that)...假定;假设;设想……
[语境运用] 完成句子
(话题写作之传统节日)鉴于您对中国的传统节日端午节非常感兴趣,我写信向您介绍它。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,the Dragon Boat Festival,I am writing to introduce it to you.
(读后续写之场景描写)考虑到这对双胞胎没有做母亲节早餐的经验,父亲脸上洋溢着笑容,很乐意帮助她们。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,the father was willing to help them,with a smile spreading on his face.
(应用文写作之建议信)鉴于你要参加中国诗歌朗诵比赛,我想给你提供一些实际的建议。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I’d like to offer you some practical advice.
【答案】 Given that you are keen on the traditional Chinese festival　 Given that the twins had no experience in cooking a Mother’s Day breakfast　 Given that you will participate in a Chinese poetry reciting competition
1.[教材原句] Through intense effort,Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to
develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974.
尝试分析: 是动词不定式作目的状语, 是that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词hybrid rice。
自主翻译:历经千辛万苦,袁隆平攻克了艰巨的技术难题,在1974年开发出可用于耕作的第一代杂交水稻。
[语境运用] 情境写作
她克服了许多语言障碍,完成了她的第一篇英语作文,得到了老师们和同学们的高度评价。
She overcame many language obstacles to finish her first English composition that was highly thought of by her teachers and classmates.
2.[教材原句] However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
尝试分析:这是一个主从复合句。 是what引导的名词性从句,在从句中作主语, 是that引导的表语从句,其中and连接两个并列分句。
自主翻译:然而,他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收,有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。
[语境运用] 情境写作
然而,给她留下最深刻印象的是这里风景优美,人们热情好客。
However,what impressed her most was that the scenery here was amazing and the people were hospitable.
语法微专题5　主语从句
However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.
However,whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.
Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains...
What impressed people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams.
　　仔细观察上面这五个句子,会发现这几个句子全都是主从复合句。第1、第2、第3、第5句分别是由what、how、whether以及what引导的主语从句;第4句是it作形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句。
一、主语从句的含义
　　在句子中起名词作用的从句统称为“名词性从句”。根据它们在句中的语法作用,这类从句又可分为主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句和宾语从句。顾名思义,如果一个分句在句子中担当主语,该分句就是主语从句。
That he was admitted into his dream university made us very happy.
他被理想的大学录取这件事使我们很高兴。
Whoever wins the competition will receive a medal.
无论是谁赢了竞赛都可以得到一枚奖牌。
When the sports meeting will be held hasn’t been decided yet.
运动会什么时候举办还没有确定。
[语境运用] 完成句子
最让我印象深刻的是,他不管碰到什么困难都不轻言放弃。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 no matter what difficulties he came across.
她在如此短的时间内写完作文使我们都十分惊讶。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 surprised us all.
我们下次开会的时间和地点还没有确定。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 has not been decided yet.
【答案】 What impressed me most was that he never gave up 　 That she finished writing the composition in such a short time
When and where we will have the next meeting
二、主语从句的引导词
1.从属连词that、whether/if。
that在从句中不充当句子成分,也无意义,只起连接作用,但不可省略。
whether在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用,意为“是否”。whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首,也可放在句末。但由if引导的主语从句不能放在句首,只能放在句末。
That knowledge is power is true.
知识就是力量,这是真的。
Whether we will go for an outing remains unknown.
我们是否去郊游还不知道。
It is still doubtful whether/if she will play the role.
她是否要演这个角色还不能确定。
2.连接代词who、what、which、whoever、whatever等引导主语从句时,在句中既起连接作用,又在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。
What he said made us believe that he was a generous man.
他说的话让我们相信他是一个大方的人。
Who will hold the meeting matters little.
谁将主持会议并不要紧。
Every year,whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
每年,在风筝节,风筝做得最漂亮的人将赢得一份奖品。
3.连接副词when、where、how、why等在从句中作时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因状语等成分。
Thanks to the improvement of technology,how we make friends and communicate with each other has changed significantly.
由于技术的进步,我们交朋友和互相交流的方式发生了显著变化。
Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain.
土豆被引进欧洲的确切时间并不确定。
Where they will go for a spring outing has caused a heated discussion.
他们将去哪里春游引起了热烈的讨论。
主语从句中连接词的选择技巧:在确定主语从句的连接词的时候,可以根据连接词在从句中所充当的语法成分和连接词在从句中的意义两方面进行考虑。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
　　　　 book I shall choose hasn’t been decided.
　　　　 is bothering the girl isn’t known to us.
　　　　 she keeps healthy is a secret.
　　　　 he will succeed is certain.
　　　　 comes is welcome.
【答案】 Which　 What　 How　 That　 Whoever
三、形式主语(it)代替主语从句
　　有时为了避免句子头重脚轻,常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。it作形式主语时,常用于以下句型:
句型 说明
It+系动词+形容词+主语从句 常用的形容词有important、(un)likely、possible、necessary、natural、wrong等
It+系动词+名词+主语从句 常用的名词有fact、idea、honour、wonder、pity等
It+系动词+过去分词+主语从句 常用的过去分词有known、proved、said、decided、suggested、thought等
It+不及物动词+主语从句 常用的动词有appear、happen、seem、occur、matter等
It is believed that we shall make full use of solar energy some day.
人们相信,总有一天我们将会充分利用太阳能。
It’s no wonder that your students have made such great progress.
难怪你的学生进步这么大。
It matters a great deal whether he will take the examination.
他是否参加考试很重要。
①在“It+系动词+形容词+that从句”句型中,如果形容词为necessary、important、strange、natural等,从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。
It is very important that a student (should) learn English well.
学生学好英语很重要。
②在“It+系动词+过去分词+that从句”句型中,如果过去分词为suggested、advised、ordered、requested、required、demanded等,从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。
It is suggested that the meeting(should) be put off.
有人建议会议延期召开。
[语境运用] 翻译句子
很明显他是一个英国人,从他说话的方式可以判断出来。
我突然想起来我忘记把信寄给我祖母了。
建议我们应该多吃蔬菜,多做运动,过健康的生活。
【答案】 It is very obvious that he is an English,which can be judged from the way he speaks.　 It occurred to me that I forgot to send the letter to my grandmother.　 It is suggested that we (should) eat more vegetables and do more exercise to live a healthy life.
四、主语从句中应注意的问题
1.从句要用陈述语序。
Where you were born doesn’t make any difference.
你在哪里出生不会产生任何影响。
2.主语从句的主谓一致。
(1)主语为从句时,谓语动词一般要用单数形式,但如果what引导的从句作主语,代表复数概念(常可从表语上看出)时,谓语动词常用复数形式。
What I need is your help.
我所需要的是你的帮助。
What the school needs most are books.
这所学校最需要的是书。
(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时,谓语动词用单数形式。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。
When and where my family will go for a holiday is not decided.
我们一家何时去何地度假还未决定。
3.需要辨别以下几组引导词。
(1)whatever和whoever
whatever和whoever可以引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等,在这种情况下,不能转换成no matter what/who;引导让步状语从句时可以转换成no matter what/who的形式。
Whoever leaves the classroom last is expected to switch off the light.(主语从句)
无论谁最后离开教室,都要把灯关掉。
Whoever/No matter who leaves the classroom last,he/she is expected to switch off the light.(让步状语从句)
无论谁最后离开教室,他或她都要把灯关掉。
(2)that和what
what既能引导主语从句,同时又能在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等);这时what相当于“all that/everything that...”,常译成“所……的(东西、事情、话等)”。而that只起连接作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中也不充当任何句子成分;但that引导的主语从句放在句首时,不能省略that。
That he will come to our school delights us all.(that不充当任何成分)
他将会到我们学校来,我们大家都很高兴。
What impressed me most was that the man stayed positive all the time no matter what happened to him.(what 作主语)
给我印象最深的是,无论发生什么事,这个人都一直保持积极乐观。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
　　　　 you are coming to China is the best news I have heard this long time.
When and where the cultural exhibition will be held　　　　 (be) being discussed at the meeting.
　　　　 was the most important to her was her family.
【答案】 That　 is　 What
1.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)　　　　 worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.
【答案】 What
【解析】 考查主语从句。设空处引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,译为“所……的(东西)”。故填What。
2.(2023·全国乙卷)　　　　 is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way.
【答案】 It
【解析】 考查主语从句。句中It作形式主语,代替后面真正的主语从句,故填It。
3.(2023·全国甲卷)　　　　 we discovered is that it’s unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance.
【答案】 What
【解析】 考查主语从句。句中What引导主语从句,同时在从句中作discover的宾语,故填What。
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.It is a pity 　　　　 we lost the match,but we got something more important,friendship.
2.　　　　 I’m concerned about most is how we can collect a huge amount of money in such a short time.
3.　　　　 she will leave for London hasn’t been decided.Maybe tomorrow,maybe next week.
4.　　　　 she comes or not doesn’t matter too much.
5.　　　　 breaks the law should be punished.
6.　　　　 he said nothing at the meeting made me puzzled.
7.　　　　 he has gone is still a mystery to us all.
8.　　　　 you prepare for final exams directly affects your grades.
9.　　　　 he came to company late this morning remains unknown.
10.　　　　 bus we should take is still a question.
【答案】 1.that　2.What　3.When　4.Whether
5.Whoever　6.That　7.Where　8.How
9.Why　10.Which
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1.让我印象最深的是开幕式上的精彩表演。
2.他们今天是否去购物取决于天气情况。
3.毕业后到哪儿找份工作使他很困惑。
【答案】 1.What impressed me most were the brilliant performances at the opening ceremony.
2.It depends on the weather whether/if they are going shopping today.
3.Where he will get a job after graduation has puzzled him much.Using Language,Assessing Your Progress,Video Time
写作词汇
1.widespread　 adj.分布广的;普遍的;广泛的
2.alternative n.可供选择的事物
adj.可供替代的;非传统的
3.instance n.例子;实例;事例
4.root n.根;根茎;根部;根源
5.aspect n.方面;层面
阅读词汇
1.fertiliser　　 n.肥料
2.alleviate vt.减轻;缓解
3.pesticide n.杀虫剂;除害药物
4.bacterium n.(pl.-ria)细菌
5.grocery n.食品杂货店
[pl.]食品杂货
6.batch n.一批;一组
vt.分批处理
拓展词汇
1.nutritious adj.有营养的;营养丰富的→nutritional adj.营养(物)的→nutrition n.营养;滋养
2.poverty n.贫穷;贫困→poor adj.贫穷的;可怜的→poorly adv.糟糕地;不如意;不足
3.organic adj.有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的→organ n.器官;机构;风琴
4.digest vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会;领悟 n.摘要;文摘→digestion n.消化;消化能力
5.essential adj.完全必要的;极其重要的→essentially adv.本质上;基本上
6.mineral n.矿物;矿物质→mine n.矿;矿山 pron.我的→miner n.矿工
7.depth n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)→deep adj.深的→deeply adv.非常;极其;深深地→deepen v.使加深;使强烈;使低沉
8.entirely adv.全部地;完整地;完全地→entire adj.全部的;整个的;完全的
重点词块
1.in addition　　　　　 另外;此外
2.in turn 相应地;转而;依次;轮流
3.as for 关于;至于
4.focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于
5.free of/from 没有……的;免于……的
6.for instance 例如;比如
7.nowhere near 完全没有;远不及
8.set up 建立
9.cause damage to 对……造成破坏
10.switch to 转向
11.be rich in 富含
重点句型
1.For example,pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects,but also helpful ones.(not only...but also...)
例如,农药在杀死有害细菌和昆虫的同时,也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫,从而破坏土地。
2.As for chemical fertilisers,crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition.(too...to do sth)
至于化学肥料,用其施肥的作物通常生长过快而营养不足。
3.Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground,making it ready for the next batch of crops.(现在分词短语作结果状语)
种植不同的作物是为了让这些作物把重要的矿物质重新释放回土壤之中,让土壤为下一批作物(的种植)作好准备。
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与社会——评估化学耕作和有机耕作。
2.语篇类型:说明文。
3.课文内容分析:
　　本文介绍了化学耕作和有机耕作两种耕作方式的特点,分析了各自的优缺点,最后的结论是人类如果想要既吃得饱又吃得健康,同时保持环境的可持续发展,还有很长的路要走。阅读本文,可以启发学生从多角度思考农业耕作的方式,辩证地看待化学耕作和有机耕作的问题。
多维解读·浅析结构
【答案】 1.land　2.lead to　3.nutrition　4.chemicals　5.natural　6.change　7.diverse
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.According to the passage,what kind of people are organic farmers
[A]Those who grow crops with chemical fertilisers.
[B]Those who grow crops with natural fertilisers.
[C]Those who produce organic fertilisers.
[D]Those who care for the environment.
(　　)2.Why can’t we stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely
[A]Because organic farming costs us a lot of money.
[B]Because organic farming cannot meet people’s need.
[C]Because chemical farming brings us huge profit.
[D]Because chemical farming helps serve the need for food.
(　　)3.What is the author’s purpose of writing the text
[A]To call on farmers to turn to organic farming.
[B]To introduce some good ways to make the soil rich.
[C]To urge the government to stop using pesticides.
[D]To give some advice on how to increase the output of crops.
【答案】 1.B　2.D　3.A　
1.in turn 相应地;转而;依次;轮流
[教材原句] This affects the crops grown on the land and,in turn,the animals and humans who digest them.
这会影响土里种植的作物,继而影响消化这些作物的人畜。
例　Reading stories can lead to a noticeable increase in human interaction,which in turn can lower stress levels.
阅读故事可以明显增加人与人之间的互动,转而降低压力水平。
例　(读后续写之情感描写)Some student representatives took turns to deliver speeches at the ceremony.When it was my turn to speak,I was too excited to speak.
一些学生代表轮流在典礼上发言。轮到我发言时,我激动得说不出话来。
·by turns (两者) 轮流地;交替地 take turns (at doing sth/in doing sth/to do sth) 依次;轮流 It is one’s turn to do sth 该轮到某人做某事了 ·It turns/turned out that...结果是……,原来是…… ·in return (for) 作为(对……的)回报
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
All theories come from practice and 　　　　 turn,serve practice.
Leaving home for the first time,he felt cheerful and sad 　　　　 turns.
Bernard and John took turns 　　　　 (sell) popcorn in the market.
(读后续写之场景描写)轮到我做演讲了。结果我鼓舞人心的演讲吸引了所有的师生,这使我欣喜若狂。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 my inspiring speech appealed to all the teachers and students,which made me wild with joy.
【答案】 in　 by　 to sell　 It was my turn to deliver a speech.It turned out that
2.essential adj.完全必要的;极其重要的
·essentially adv.本质上;基本上
[教材原句] They may look beautiful on the outside,but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals,and they often have less flavour as well.
此类作物外表靓丽,但内里却经常是水分多于必需矿物质,而且往往口感也较差。
例　Getting enough sleep is essential to/for teenagers.
充足的睡眠对青少年来说是必不可少的。
例　It’s essential for you to make the right decisions at the very start.
重要的是你从一开始就要作出正确的决定。
例　It is essential that you (should) get some reliable information before making inferences.
在进行推断之前获取一些可靠的信息是完全必要的。
be essential to/for 对……很重要 It is essential for sb to do...对某人来说做……是完全必要的 It is essential that...(should) do...做……是完全必要的
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/翻译句子
Sun and water are essential 　　　　 the growth of crops.
It is essential for students 　　　　(develop) good study habits.
There are three 　　　　(essential) different ways of tackling the problem.
举办茶文化展览很重要,因为它可以让参观者进一步了解中国茶文化的历史。
【答案】 to/for　 to develop　 essentially　 It is essential that a tea culture exhibition (should) be held,because it makes visitors have a deeper understanding of the history of Chinese tea culture.
3.alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的
·alternatively adv.可供选择地
[教材原句] As an alternative,some farmers have switched to organic farming...
作为一种替代方法,有些农民已经转向有机农业……
例　(读后续写之情感描写)Trapped in such an embarrassing situation,she had no alternative but to force a smile at the crowd.
陷入如此尴尬的境地,她别无选择,只能对着人群强颜欢笑。
例　We are very sad to have to do this,but there is no other alternative.
我们为不得不这么做而感到难过,但是现在没有别的选择了。
·have no alternative but to do sth 别无选择只好做某事 an alternative to ……的替代品(to为介词) ·an alternative method/solution 一种可供替代的方法
“别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达形式还有have no choice but to do sth、can’t do sth but do sth、can do nothing but do sth。在这些结构中,若but之前出现实义动词do的某种形式,but之后要用省略to的不定式,否则,but之后的to不能省略。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Using public transportation is an alternative to 　　　　(drive) a car,which can help reduce traffic congestion.
When you visit your Chinese friends for the first time,you can bring a bunch of flowers or 　　　　(alternative) buy a carton of milk.
(读后续写之主旨升华)失败是成功之母。有时候,为了成功,我们别无选择,只有勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训。
Failure is the mother of success.Sometimes,in order to succeed,we 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and learn from it.
【答案】 driving　 alternatively　 have no alternative but to face failure bravely
“too...to...”结构,意为“太……而不能……”
[教材原句] As for chemical fertilisers,crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition.
至于化学肥料,用其施肥的作物通常生长过快而营养不足。
例 (读后续写之心理描写)The polar bear approached us,making us freeze with terror and too scared to move an inch.
北极熊向我们逼近,我们吓呆了,一动也不敢动。
例 Hearing that she was admitted to her ideal university,Mary was too surprised to utter a single word.
听到自己被理想的大学录取的消息,玛丽惊讶得说不出话来。
[归纳拓展]
有时“too...to...”也表示肯定意义:
①too后跟anxious、eager、glad、happy、pleased、ready、willing等表示心情、心理活动状态或心理倾向的形容词时。
②too前有but、only、all等词对其进行修饰时。
③否定词not、never等用在too前时。
[语境运用] 完成句子/翻译句子
(读后续写之情感描写)当我听到我在写作比赛中获得第一名的消息时,我激动得一句话也说不出来。
I 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 when I heard the news that I won the first prize in the writing contest.
不管你碰到了什么困难,我们都非常乐意帮助你。
过马路的时候,你再小心也不为过。
【答案】 was too excited to utter a word　 We are too ready to help you no matter what difficulties you encounter.　 You can never be too careful to cross the road.
现在分词短语作结果状语
[教材原句] Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground,making it ready for the next batch of crops.
种植不同的作物是为了让这些作物把重要的矿物质重新释放回土壤之中,让土壤为下一批作物(的种植)作好准备。
例　Tom performed exceptionally well in the piano competition,making his parents very happy.
汤姆在钢琴比赛中表现得异常出色,这让他的父母非常开心。
例　The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,allowing more patients to be treated.
最近这家医院获得了新的医疗设备,能让更多的病人得到治疗。
[归纳拓展]
动词不定式也可作结果状语,但它通常表示一种偶然的、出人意料的结果,有时为了强调这种意外的结果,可在不定式前面加only,意为“(结果)却……;只(只是)……”。
[语境运用] 完成句子/翻译句子
我匆忙赶往火车站,结果却发现火车已经离开了。
I hurried to the station,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the train had left.
我打开窗户,让清晨的新鲜空气流了进来。
I opened the window,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
(应用文写作之咨询信)我写这封信是想征求你的建议,为向外国朋友介绍中国传统文化的主题班会作准备。
在很多国家人们都踢足球,这使得足球成为一项国际性的运动。
【答案】 only to find that　 letting in the fresh morning air　 I am writing to get your advice,enabling me to prepare for a theme class meeting to introduce traditional Chinese culture to foreign friends.　 Football is played in many countries,making it an international sport.
1.[教材原句] What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.
尝试分析: 是what引导的主语从句, 是that引导的同位语从句。
自主翻译:他们不能如愿的原因是化学农业满足了全世界对食物的高需求。
[语境运用] 情境写作
人们普遍认为口语和肢体语言在交际中都很重要。
What is commonly believed is the fact that both spoken language and body language are important in communication.
2.[教材原句] Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops.
尝试分析:这是一个主从复合句。 是why引导的主语从句,why在从句中作状语; 是that引导的表语从句; 是现在分词短语作结果状语。
自主翻译:种植不同的作物是为了让这些作物把重要的矿物质重新释放回土壤之中,让土壤为下一批作物(的种植)作好准备。
[语境运用] 情境写作
越来越多的成年人喜欢旅行的原因是旅行可以帮助缓解工作压力,让他们放松身心。
Why more and more adults prefer to go travelling is that it can help relieve work stress,making them relax their bodies and minds.
写作微专题5　Write an argumentative essay on farming
1.文体类型:议论文。
2.要点内容:
(1)化学农业和有机农业的不同种植方法;
(2)化学农业和有机农业对环境的不同影响。
[思路指引]
1.表达观点型文章常用词组。
in preference to... 优先于……
to begin with 首先
besides=what’s more=in addition 此外
above all 最重要的是
personally speaking 个人而言
in other words=that’s to say 换言之
to sum up=in short=in conclusion=in summary 总之
contribute to=result in=bring about=lead to 导致
because of=owing to=due to=on account of 由于
as a result=as a consequence 结果
do harm/ damage to 损害;损坏
2.表达观点型文章首段常用句式。
Nowadays,an increasing number of people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of...
现在,越来越多的人开始认识到……的严重性。
However,each coin has two sides.
然而,事物都有两面性。
Some people believe/argue/hold the belief that...while others take an opposite side.
一些人认为……而另一些人持相反观点。
People hold different/diverse/various attitudes towards...
人们对……有不同的态度。
Opinions/Views on/about...differ from person to person.
对……的想法因人而异。
From my perspective,the former/latter opinion holds more weight.
在我看来,前者/后者的观点更有分量(更站得住脚)。
From my point of view,the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
在我看来,利大于弊。
3.表达观点型文章中段常用句式。
The following reasons may well justify my judgement.
下面的理由能很好地证明我的判断是正确的。
Here are my reasons.First of all,I think it would be better if...
我的理由如下。首先,我认为如果……会更好。
The reasons for...are as follows.First...Second...Last but not least...
……的原因如下。首先……第二……最后但同样重要的是……
On the one hand...On the other hand...
一方面……另一方面……
No one can ignore the fact that...
没有人能忽视……的事实。
There is no denying the fact that...
不可否认的是……
4.表达观点型文章尾段常用句式。
From the reasons mentioned above,it is not difficult to find that...
从上文提及的原因,不难看出……
From what has been discussed above...
通过以上讨论……
In summary/In short/In conclusion/In closing...,I draw the conclusion that...
总之/最后,我得出结论……
Faced with...we should take a series of effective measures to...
面对……我们应该采取一系列有效的措施……
假设你是李华,最近,你校校报英语专栏在征集主题为 “Chemical Farming or Organic Farming”的文章,请你用英语写一篇支持开展有机农业的文章去投稿。内容包括:
1.有机农业的优点及理由;
2.化学农业的危害;
3.总结自己的观点。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　　　　 n.泥土;土壤;国土;领土
2.　　　　 adj.与化学有关的;化学的
n.化学制品;化学品
3.　　　　 n.味道;特点;特色
4.　　　　 n.肥料
5.　　　　 n.营养;滋养
6.　　　　 adj.有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的
7.　　　　　　　 相应地;转而;依次;轮流
8.　　　　　　　 关于;至于
9.　　　　　　　 集中(注意力、精力)于
【答案】 1.soil　2.chemical　3.flavour　4.fertiliser
5.nutrition　6.organic　7.in turn　8.as for
9.focus on
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.近些年,有机农产品似乎越来越受欢迎。
In recent years,　　　　　　　　　　 appears to be gaining in popularity.
2.在我看来,有机农业比化学农业更可取,因为它在食品质量和环境保护方面具有重要优势。
In my opinion,organic farming is preferable to 　　　　　　　　,because it has crucial advantages in 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
3.首先,有机食品的生长过程虽缓慢但稳定,且不含任何化学物质,这种食物通常营养更丰富,味道更好。
Firstly,organically grown food grows 　　　　　　　　　　　　 without any 　　　　.This kind of food is usually full of more 　　　　 and better 　　　　.
4.此外,有机农业不含化肥,这无疑对环境友好。
Besides,organic farming is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,which is undoubtedly 　　　　　　　　 the environment.
5.在专注于种植优质食物的同时,它也通过天然的方法尽最大努力照顾好土壤。
It 　　　　　　　　　　 growing good food.Meanwhile it also does its best to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 through 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
6.至于化学农业,长期积累的化学物质会污染地下水资源和农田,还会影响农作物,进而影响人类的健康。
　　　　　　　　 chemical farming,the long 　　　　 of chemicals would 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and farmland.They may even 　　　　 both the crops and,　　　　　　　　,human beings’ health.
7.总之,为了人类和环境的健康,有机农业是一个更明智的选择。
In conclusion,organic farming is a 　　　　 choice 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　both people and environment.
【答案】 1.organic produce　2.chemical farming;food quality;environmental protection　3.slowly but steadily; chemicals; nutrition; flavour　4.free of chemical fertilisers;friendly to　5.focuses on;take good care of the soil; natural means
6.As for;accumulation; pollute the underground water resources; affect; in turn　7.wiser; for the benefit of
1.用due to升级句2。
In my opinion,organic farming is preferable to chemical farming due to its crucial advantages in food quality and environmental protection.
2.用定语从句升级句3。
Firstly,organically grown food,whose growth process is slow but steady without any chemicals,is usually full of more nutrition and better flavour.
3.用while 引导的状语从句升级句5。
While focusing on growing good food,it also does its best to take good care of the soil through natural means.
4.用“not only...but also...”升级句6。
As for chemical farming,the long accumulation of chemicals would not only pollute the underground water resources and farmland but also affect both the crops and,in turn,human beings’ health.
In recent years,organic produce appears to be gaining in popularity.In my opinion,organic farming is preferable to chemical farming due to its crucial advantages in food quality and environmental protection.
Firstly,organically grown food,whose growth process is slow but steady without any chemicals,is usually full of more nutrition and better flavour.Besides,organic farming is free of chemical fertilisers,which is undoubtedly friendly to the environment.While focusing on growing good food,it also does its best to take good care of the soil through natural means.As for chemical farming,the long accumulation of chemicals would not only pollute the underground water resources and farmland but also affect both the crops and,in turn,human beings’ health.
In conclusion,organic farming is a wiser choice for the benefit of both people and environment.
　　你校正在举办英语演讲比赛,作为一名参赛选手,请你以“如何减少食物浪费”为题写一篇演讲稿。要点如下:
　　1.食物浪费的现状;
　　2.减少食物浪费的措施。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear teachers and classmates,
Good morning!I’m honoured to be here and share something about how to reduce food waste with you.
　　That’s all.Thank you!
　　One possible version:
Dear teachers and classmates,
Good morning!I’m honoured to be here and share something about how to reduce food waste with you.
As we all know,food waste has become increasingly severe in our country.Whether in restaurants or school canteens,large quantities of food are thrown away after meals.Consequently,it’s high time that we take action to change this situation.
To reduce food waste,the first thing to do is to order just as much food as we can eat.Furthermore,it’s also a good habit to take what is left over home when we eat out.Last but not least,we should take any chance to encourage people not to waste food.I firmly believe that every small act can make a great difference.
That’s all.Thank you!
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写 微技能之“点” 情感描写 intense adj.热切的;十分强烈的　essential adj.完全必要的;极其重要的 convince vt.使相信;使信服;说服→convincing adj.有说服力的→convinced adj.确信的;坚信的　deep down在内心深处;本质上
动作描写 overcome vt.克服;解决　tackle vt.解决(难题);应对(局面)　boost vt.& n.使增长;使兴旺;增长　alleviate vt.减轻;缓解　yield vt.出产;产生　attain vt.获得;得到
人物描写 devote...to...把……用于;献身　work as担任　slim but strong body瘦削但结实的身躯　care little for celebrity不在乎名气
读后续写 微技能之“线” Indeed,his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers,to whom he had devoted his life.(外貌描写) Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.(心理描写) To tackle this crisis,he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.(动作描写) As a man of the soil,he cared little for celebrity or money.Instead,he made large donations to support agricultural research.(人物描写)
读后续写 微技能之“面” 读后续写——摆脱悲伤情绪 看到朋友悲痛欲绝,我焦急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。我得想办法使她振奋起来,并说服她不要屈服于暂时的失败。我不停地安慰她,希望能减轻她的悲伤。我还为她提供了一些帮助解决问题的建议。渐渐地,她悲伤的情绪消失了。她内心深处也意识到,面对困难学会坚强是极其重要的。确信她已完全摆脱悲伤,我感到特别开心。 Seeing my friend overcome with grief,I was so anxious that I felt like an ant on a hot pan.I had to do something to 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and persuade her not to 2.　　　　　　　　　　.I kept comforting her,hoping to alleviate her sadness.I also offered her some advice to help 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　.Gradually,her sadness faded away.She realised 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　 that it was essential to learn to be strong in face of difficulties.5.　　　　　　　　　　　　 she had fully recovered from her grief,I felt extremely happy. 【答案】 1.boost her spirits　2.yield to the temporary failure　3.tackle her problems 4.deep down　5.Convinced that
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于→devoted adj.忠诚的;挚爱的;全心全意的→devotion n.奉献;关爱;挚爱
2.shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺→short adj.短的;不足的;矮的 n.电影短片→shortly adv.不久;立刻→shorten vt.变短;减少;缩短
3.convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服→convinced adj.确信的;深信的→convincing adj.令人信服的;有说服力的
4.assumption n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得→assume vt.假设;认为;承担→assumed adj.假定的;假设的→assuming conj.假定;假设
5.estimate vt.估计;估价;估算 n.估计;估算→estimation n.判断;评价;估计→estimated adj.估算的;估计的
6.consumption n.消耗;消耗量;消费→consume vt.消耗;消费→consumer n.消费者;用户;顾客
7.vision n.想象;视力;视野;影像→visible adj.看得见的;可见的→envision vt.展望;想象
8.reality n.现实;实际情况;事实→realise vt.实现;认识到→really adv.实际上,事实上;真正地→real adj.实际的;真实的;真正的
9.chemical adj.与化学有关的;化学的 n.化学制品;化学品→chemistry n.化学→chemist n.化学家
10.nutritious adj.有营养的;营养丰富的→nutritional adj.营养(物)的→nutrition n.营养;滋养
11.poverty n.贫穷;贫困→poor adj.贫穷的;可怜的→poorly adv.糟糕地;不如意;不足
12.organic adj.有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的→organ n.器官;机构;风琴
13.digest vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会;领悟 n.摘要;文摘→digestion n.消化;消化能力
14.essential adj.完全必要的;极其重要的→essentially adv.本质上;基本上
15.depth n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)→deep adj.深的→deeply adv.非常;极其;深深地→deepen v.使加深;使强烈;使低沉
16.entirely adv.全部地;完整地;完全地→entire adj.全部的;整个的;完全的
Ⅱ.重点词块
1.devote...to　　　　　 把……用于;献身;致力;专心
2.be comprised of 包括;包含;由……组成(或构成)
3.depend on 依赖;依靠
4.deep down 在内心深处;本质上;实际上
5.care for 关心;在意;照顾;照料
6.work as 担任;当
7.be convinced that 相信……
8.through intense effort 历经千辛万苦
9.fulfil one’s dream 实现某人的梦想
10.be known as 作为……而出名
11.in turn 相应地;转而;依次;轮流
12.focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于
13.nowhere near 完全没有;远不及
14.be rich in 富含
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.what引导主语从句
However,what concerned him most was(他最关心的是) that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
句式仿写
What pushed the activity to a peak was(将活动推向高潮的是) that an exhibition featuring various cultural artifacts was held successfully in our school.
2.“It+be+过去分词+that...”句型
Today,it is estimated that(据估算) about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains,and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.
句式仿写
It is reported that(据报道) the new highway will be open to traffic next month.
3.“given+that从句”考虑到……
Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy(考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有),one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.
句式仿写
Given that you are so interested in traditional Chinese culture(考虑到你对中国传统文化如此感兴趣),I invite you to take part in the Culture and Art Festival in our school.
4.“too...to...”结构,意为“太……而不能……”
As for chemical fertilisers,crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition(生长过快而营养不足).
句式仿写
This cup of coffee is too hot to drink immediately(太烫了,无法马上喝).
5.现在分词短语作结果状语
Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground,making it ready for the next batch of crops(让土壤为下一批作物的种植作好准备).
句式仿写
The fog blanketed the woods,making it impossible for us to find our way back to the farm(使我们无法找到回农场的路).UNIT 5　课时作业(四)
单元知识综合练
(分值:49.5分)
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共7题;每题1分,共7分)
1.digest
A.v.消化　B.vt.领会,领悟　C.n.摘要
①Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation(突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.　　
②I will send you a monthly news digest as a birthday gift.　　
③It often takes a long time to digest new ideas.　　
【答案】 ①A　②C　③B
2.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①I repeated the question and waited for her to expand.　　　　　　　
②She was rooted to her chair.　　　　　　　
③The night before the test I was overcome by fear and despair.　　　　　　　
④Winning the competition was a wonderful boost for her morale.　　　　　　　
【答案】 ①详述　②稳固的　③受到……的极大影响　④激励
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Agriculture has come a long way from its ancient beginnings. Long ago, farmers would work hard on their individual plots of land, using simple tools or even their bare hands. They tended their crops for many hours each day so that the crops grew well. 1.　　　 For example, a single storm could destroy a whole year’s work, while a summer of good weather could ensure a good harvest.
Modern science and technology has helped to greatly reduce the back-breaking labour involved in farming, along with the reliance on luck and guesswork. 2.　　
Probably one of the most beneficial innovations is drip irrigation, which has made it possible to develop big green farms in the middle of the desert. Symcha Blass, an Israeli scientist, discovered this way of irrigation in the 1940s.Through this discovery, farmers can now produce crops on dry land without needing much water. 3.　　　 The limited and focused use of just the right amount of water also denies moisture(水分) to weeds,keeping them from harming the crops.
4.　　　 However,what if an area has plenty of water, but little usable soil As it turns out, it is possible to grow plants without using soil at all.With hydroponics (水培),plant roots are supported by rocks or a fiber mat. Nutrient-rich water is then provided so that the plants can grow.Recent research has centred on vertical hydroponics farming.
With a vertical farm, the crops are planted in containers that are piled into plant skyscrapers. 5.　　　 With such technological advances, the image of a farmer pushing a plough will eventually become a thing of the past.
A.Luck played a great part in farming.
B.Some areas would be too dry to grow crops.
C.Drip irrigation deals with a lack of water in an area.
D.There have been experiments to make drip irrigation a reality.
E.This irrigation method uses far less water than other methods.
F.Furthermore, nearly all hydroponic farms are partially or fully automated.
G.Farmers have benefited greatly from innovations in crop production.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了科学技术在农业中的应用,具体说明了滴灌和水培农业及其优点。
1.【答案】 A
【解析】 上文指出农民们为了庄稼长得好,每天要花很多时间照料庄稼,下文以具体例子说明,突发天气状况会影响收成,A项引出下文,符合上下文语境。故选A。
2.【答案】 G
【解析】 设空处前一句指出现代科技给农业带来的好处。G项承接上文,继续描写现代科技给农业带来的好处,符合语境。故选G。
3.【答案】 E
【解析】 设空处上一句指出滴灌的优点,农民不仅可以在旱地上种植,而且不需要太多的水,下文指出滴灌使用有限而集中的水对农业的好处。E项继续描写滴灌的好处,符合语境。故选E。
4.【答案】 C
【解析】 上文第三段提到了滴灌的好处;再根据设空处下一句,尤其是句首的However可知,空处和下文是对比关系。C项承上启下,符合语境。故选C。
5.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据倒数第二段最后一句和设空处上一句可知,最近的研究集中在垂直水培农业上;设空处下一句说,随着技术的进步,农民推着犁的形象最终将成过去式,F项承上启下,符合语境。故选F。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
Farming and Gardening
Agriculture has a long history in China.Much of the wisdom 　1　by early Chinese scientists is still useful for farmers and gardeners today.One of China’s early 　2　 scientists was Jia Sixie,who lived in the sixth century AD.He spent his time doing 　3　 into agriculture.He collected information,studied it,did experiments and learnt from the 　4　 of farmers.
Around 540 AD,he wrote a book called Essential Techniques for the Welfare of the People(《齐民要术》).The book is about both farming and 　5　.It includes advice on growing green vegetables and fruit trees,keeping animals and fish in lakes.There are also 　6　 for making wine.Jia Sixie’s book is a(n) 　7　 guide for farming.Firstly,if you sow seeds and 　8　 young plants in the fields at the correct time of the year,your work will be less and 　9　 will be better.Examine the soil on your farm 　10　.Before sowing or planting crops,you must clean rough ground and 　11　 weeds.Let sheep or cows walk on the land to destroy the weeds or eat them.The best harvest is reached when farmers 　12　 the crops in their fields.For example,do not plant rice 　13　 in the same field.But if you plant rice in a field one year and wheat in the field the next year,you will 　14　 good crops.Other scientists said that wheat should be planted with space between the plants,but Jia did experiments and 　15　 that planting wheat close together is better.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代农学家贾思勰的耕种方法对我国农业的重要指导作用。
(　　)1.[A]discovered [B]recovered
[C]reported [D]repeated
【答案】 A
【解析】 结合前文Much of the wisdom可知,此处指早期的中国科学家发现(discovered)的许多学问对农民和园艺家仍然是有用的。故选A。
(　　)2.[A]industrial [B]agricultural
[C]cultural [D]martial
【答案】 B
【解析】 结合后文into agriculture可知,此处指贾思勰是我国古代的农学(agricultural)家。故选B。
(　　)3.[A]search [B]research
[C]experiment [D]movement
【答案】 B
【解析】 结合后文“He collected information,studied it,did experiments...”可知,贾思勰花时间来研究(research)农业。故选B。
(　　)4.[A]adventures [B]advantages
[C]tradition [D]experience
【答案】 D
【解析】 结合后文of farmers可知,贾思勰向农民学习农业经验(experience)。故选D。
(　　)5.[A]nursing [B]gardening
[C]produce [D]trade
【答案】 B
【解析】 结合后文“growing green vegetables and fruit trees,keeping animals and fish in lakes”可知,这本书是关于农业和园艺(gardening)的。故选B。
(　　)6.[A]instructions [B]constructions
[C]measures [D]treasures
【答案】 A
【解析】 结合后文for making wine可知,这本书也有酿酒的指导(instructions)。故选A。
(　　)7.[A]economical [B]practical
[C]similar [D]regular
【答案】 B
【解析】 结合后文介绍书的内容可知,贾思勰的这本关于农业种植的书里有许多实用的知识,是一本实用的(practical)农业指南。故选B。
(　　)8.[A]drop [B]increase
[C]grow [D]throw
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据后文young plants可知,此处指种植(grow)幼苗。故选C。
(　　)9.[A]dreams [B]ending
[C]hope [D]results
【答案】 D
【解析】 与前文work相呼应,此处指结果(results)。故选D。
(　　)10.[A]successfully [B]carefully
[C]gradually [D]frequently
【答案】 B
【解析】 结合语境,本句说明要细心、仔细地(carefully)检查土壤。故选B。
(　　)11.[A]remove [B]pull
[C]kill [D]reduce
【答案】 A
【解析】 结合常识,在播种或种植作物之前,必须平整土地并清除杂草;后文说明让羊或牛在地上走也是为了除(remove)草。故选A。
(　　)12.[A]keep [B]improve
[C]manage [D]change
【答案】 D
【解析】 结合后文“do not plant rice　13　in the same field”可知,要变换(change)着种植农作物。故选D。
(　　)13.[A]one after another
[B]here and there
[C]now and then
[D]year after year
【答案】 D
【解析】 前文说明要变换着种植农作物,那么意思就是不在同一块地里年复一年(year after year)地种同一种庄稼。故选D。
(　　)14.[A]win [B]collect
[C]harvest [D]plant
【答案】 C
【解析】 结合后文good crops可知,如果每年变换着种不同的庄稼,就会收获(harvest)好收成。故选C。
(　　)15.[A]showed [B]meant
[C]intended [D]decided
【答案】 A
【解析】 结合前文“but Jia did experiments”可知,后半句应是实验结果表明(showed)的内容。故选A。
Ⅳ.应用文写作(15分)
假设你是红星中学的李华,得知学校将在本周末举办一次蔬菜种植活动。请用英语写一封电子邮件邀请你的朋友Sam参加。内容包括:
1.写电子邮件的目的;
2.活动时间、地点和内容;
3.表达期望。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Sam,
Yours,
Li Hua
[写作指导]
One possible version:
Dear Sam,
We are scheduled to go to a farm near our school to experience the countryside life on Sunday.I am writing to invite you to come.
We will set off from the school gate at eight o’clock in the morning.It will take us about an hour to get there.After arrival,we will assist the farmers to grow various vegetables and water them.At noon we will enjoy a typical farmhouse meal there.After that,we will head back to school.Indeed,I think it is a good chance for you to see what life is like in the countryside of China.
For some more details,don’t hesitate to contact me.Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua(共21张PPT)
UNIT 5　课时作业(三)
(分值:44分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共9题;每题1分,共9分)
1.I told her about the new 　　　　 (食品杂货店) as we had our meal.
2.The tree’s 　　　　 (根茎) spread out wide under the ground, seeking water and nutrients.
3.She resembles her sister in every 　　 　　 (方面), so we can’t tell them apart.
4.You should allow a little time after a meal for the food to 　 　　 (消化).
grocery
roots
aspect
digest
5.Here are 　　 　　 (可供替代的) sources of nutrition to animal meat.
6.The 　　　 　 (分布广的) application of this technology boosts people’s sense of happiness.
7.This kind of fruit tastes a little sour, but in reality it is very 　　　　 (有营养的).
8.The organisation works to 　　　 　 (减轻) world hunger.
9.It is 　　　 　　 (必要的) for us to know all the facts.
alternative
widespread
nutritious
alleviate
essential
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.Our situation is 　　 　　 (entire) different, so we should change ourselves.
2.We were impressed with the 　　　　 (deep) of her knowledge.
3.His analysis of urban use of agricultural land has been proved
　　 　　 (essential) correct.
4.There is a 　　　 　 (poor) of colour in her work.
entirely
depth
essentially
poverty
5.By exercising regularly, you improve your physical health, which
　　　　 turn boosts your mental well-being.
6.This book covers all 　　 　　 (aspect) of agriculture.
7.The 　　 　　 (mineral) in the water made it unpleasant to drink.
8.There is a 　　 　　 (short) of fresh water in many drought-affected areas around the world.
in
aspects
minerals
shortage
9.Is 　　　　 (organ) food really healthier Is it worth the expense
10.It is always important to choose enjoyable and 　　　 　 (nutrition) foods.
organic
nutritious
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.　　　　　　　　(……是至关重要的)we should keep a balanced diet.
2.This technical problem was 　　　　　　 　　　　　　　 (太复杂了以至于专家都无法解决).
3.I didn’t know how to deal with the problem, so
　　　　　　　　　 (我别无选择只好向你求助).
It is essential that
too complicated for experts to solve
I had no alternative but
to turn to you for help
4.We fell behind our competitor in the basketball game,
　　　　　(这使得我们既焦急又失落).
5.By studying hard, students can gain good grades, which 　 　　(相应地)can open up more opportunities for them in the future.
making us anxious
and lost
in turn
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
The world’s major food crops—rice, wheat,corn—must be planted again for every harvest.That’s a lot of work for farmers and can contribute to environmental problems such as soil erosion (水土流失). Perennial (多年生的) grains that survive and produce year after year could ease (减轻) the burden.
Researchers in China showed perennial rice can meet those standards and save farmers many weeks of hard work. Called Perennial Rice 23 (PR23), the variety was created years ago by crossing a commercial variety of Asian rice with a perennial wild rice that grows in Africa.
PR23 produced just as much grain as regular,seasonally planted rice, the team reported. In the first year, planting and cultivation (栽培) cost about the same. But in the second year,farmers could remove a major task: replanting young rice seedlings (幼苗) into the rice field.Skipping this step greatly reduced the amount of work, and helped lower farmers’ costs by half. Soil nutrition also increased in the fields containing perennial rice. Four years later, however,production dropped so much that the perennial rice needed to be replanted.
More and more farmers are growing PR23,thanks to technical assistance from Yunnan University and government promotion. Perennial rice could also reduce soil erosion in the terraced uplands of Southeast Asia. But researchers still need to develop a variety adapted to that environment’s drier and less rich soil. Researchers also worry about long-term impacts.
One concern is that there will be more weeds and disease-causing organisms in the fields, requiring more chemicals.Another question is whether the rice releases more nitrous oxide—a strong greenhouse gas. But as cultivation spreads, the costs and benefits of perennial rice should come into focus.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了多年生水稻有望使得种植更加容易。
(　　)1.What is an advantage of PR23
[A]Production increases every year.
[B]It reduces farmers’ cost each year.
[C]There is no need to replant seedlings within four years.
[D]The soil with it gets more nutritious.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In the first year ... into the rice field.”可知,种植PR23的优势是4年内农民不需要重新种植水稻幼苗。故选C。
(　　)2.What might be a concern for researchers of perennial rice
[A]It may produce a harmful gas.
[B]It is easily affected by diseases.
[C]It is not adapted to local climate.
[D]It may do harm to the environment.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知,有一个问题是水稻是否会释放更多的一氧化二氮,所以多年生水稻的研究人员可能会担心水稻释放温室气体,对环境有害。故选D。
(　　)3.What can be a suitable title for the text
[A]Perennial Rice Replaces Regular rice
[B]Perennial Rice Reforms Rice Growing
[C]Perennial Rice Boosts Rice Production
[D]Perennial Rice Promises Easier Farming
D
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了多年生水稻可以为农民节省成本并降低劳动强度,所以“多年生水稻有望使得种植更加容易”适合作为文章标题。故选D。
(　　)4.Where is the text probably taken from
[A]A textbook.
[B]An art magazine.
[C]A biology paper.
[D]A government report.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了多年生水稻的相关内容,推测文章可能取自一篇生物学论文。故选C。UNIT 5　课时作业(三)
(分值:44分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共9题;每题1分,共9分)
1.I told her about the new 　　　　 (食品杂货店) as we had our meal.
2.The tree’s 　　　　 (根茎) spread out wide under the ground, seeking water and nutrients.
3.She resembles her sister in every 　　　　 (方面), so we can’t tell them apart.
4.You should allow a little time after a meal for the food to 　　　　 (消化).
5.Here are 　　　　 (可供替代的) sources of nutrition to animal meat.
6.The 　　　　 (分布广的) application of this technology boosts people’s sense of happiness.
7.This kind of fruit tastes a little sour, but in reality it is very 　　　　 (有营养的).
8.The organisation works to 　　　　 (减轻) world hunger.
9.It is 　　　　　 (必要的) for us to know all the facts.
【答案】 1.grocery　2.roots　3.aspect　4.digest
5.alternative　6.widespread　7.nutritious
8.alleviate　9.essential
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.Our situation is 　　　　 (entire) different, so we should change ourselves.
2.We were impressed with the 　　　　 (deep) of her knowledge.
3.His analysis of urban use of agricultural land has been proved 　　　　 (essential) correct.
4.There is a 　　　　 (poor) of colour in her work.
5.By exercising regularly, you improve your physical health, which 　　　　 turn boosts your mental well-being.
6.This book covers all 　　　　 (aspect) of agriculture.
7.The 　　　　 (mineral) in the water made it unpleasant to drink.
8.There is a 　　　　 (short) of fresh water in many drought-affected areas around the world.
9.Is 　　　　 (organ) food really healthier Is it worth the expense
10.It is always important to choose enjoyable and 　　　　 (nutrition) foods.
【答案】 1.entirely　2.depth　3.essentially
4.poverty　5.in　6.aspects　7.minerals
8.shortage　9.organic　10.nutritious
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.　　　　　　　　(……是至关重要的)we should keep a balanced diet.
2.This technical problem was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (太复杂了以至于专家都无法解决).
3.I didn’t know how to deal with the problem, so 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(我别无选择只好向你求助).
4.We fell behind our competitor in the basketball game, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(这使得我们既焦急又失落).
5.By studying hard, students can gain good grades, which 　　　　　　　　(相应地)can open up more opportunities for them in the future.
【答案】 1.It is essential that　2.too complicated for experts to solve　3.I had no alternative but to turn to you for help　4.making us anxious and lost　5.in turn
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
The world’s major food crops—rice, wheat,corn—must be planted again for every harvest.That’s a lot of work for farmers and can contribute to environmental problems such as soil erosion (水土流失). Perennial (多年生的) grains that survive and produce year after year could ease (减轻) the burden.
Researchers in China showed perennial rice can meet those standards and save farmers many weeks of hard work. Called Perennial Rice 23 (PR23), the variety was created years ago by crossing a commercial variety of Asian rice with a perennial wild rice that grows in Africa.
PR23 produced just as much grain as regular,seasonally planted rice, the team reported. In the first year, planting and cultivation (栽培) cost about the same. But in the second year,farmers could remove a major task: replanting young rice seedlings (幼苗) into the rice field.Skipping this step greatly reduced the amount of work, and helped lower farmers’ costs by half. Soil nutrition also increased in the fields containing perennial rice. Four years later, however,production dropped so much that the perennial rice needed to be replanted.
More and more farmers are growing PR23,thanks to technical assistance from Yunnan University and government promotion. Perennial rice could also reduce soil erosion in the terraced uplands of Southeast Asia. But researchers still need to develop a variety adapted to that environment’s drier and less rich soil. Researchers also worry about long-term impacts. One concern is that there will be more weeds and disease-causing organisms in the fields, requiring more chemicals.Another question is whether the rice releases more nitrous oxide—a strong greenhouse gas. But as cultivation spreads, the costs and benefits of perennial rice should come into focus.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了多年生水稻有望使得种植更加容易。
(　　)1.What is an advantage of PR23
[A]Production increases every year.
[B]It reduces farmers’ cost each year.
[C]There is no need to replant seedlings within four years.
[D]The soil with it gets more nutritious.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In the first year ... into the rice field.”可知,种植PR23的优势是4年内农民不需要重新种植水稻幼苗。故选C。
(　　)2.What might be a concern for researchers of perennial rice
[A]It may produce a harmful gas.
[B]It is easily affected by diseases.
[C]It is not adapted to local climate.
[D]It may do harm to the environment.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知,有一个问题是水稻是否会释放更多的一氧化二氮,所以多年生水稻的研究人员可能会担心水稻释放温室气体,对环境有害。故选D。
(　　)3.What can be a suitable title for the text
[A]Perennial Rice Replaces Regular rice
[B]Perennial Rice Reforms Rice Growing
[C]Perennial Rice Boosts Rice Production
[D]Perennial Rice Promises Easier Farming
【答案】 D
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了多年生水稻可以为农民节省成本并降低劳动强度,所以“多年生水稻有望使得种植更加容易”适合作为文章标题。故选D。
(　　)4.Where is the text probably taken from
[A]A textbook.
[B]An art magazine.
[C]A biology paper.
[D]A government report.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了多年生水稻的相关内容,推测文章可能取自一篇生物学论文。故选C。(共126张PPT)
UNIT 5　
WORKING THE LAND
[头脑风暴·思维发散]
Our class is comprised of thirty students.Deep down,all of us envision ourselves attaining respectful jobs in ideal cities in the near future.Dreams rooted in our hearts,we preserve and devote ourselves to our study all days.We are greatly convinced that only if we spare no effort to study can we broaden our vision and boost our ability to tackle crises.
We learn by combining conventional learning methods with modern ones to expand our knowledge so as to output what we have learnt in the future.
On the assumption that we always have such an intense and widespread interest in study,it is estimated that we can put our dreams into reality.
我们班由30名学生组成。在内心深处,我们都憧憬着在不久的将来能在理想的城市里找到体面的工作。梦想在我们心中扎根,我们坚持不懈,整天全身心地投入到学习中。我们深信,只有努力学习,才能开阔视野,提高应对危机的能力。我们将传统的学习方法与现代的学习方法相结合,以扩大我们的知识,以便在未来输出我们所学到的知识。假设我们总是对学习有如此强烈和广泛的兴趣,估计我们可以把我们的梦想变成现实。
Reading and Thinking,
Learning About Language
Part 1
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. 　　　 vt.解决(难题);应付(局面);处理
2. n.(pl. )危机;危急关头
3. vt.使增长;使兴旺
n.增长;提高;激励
4. vt.(通常经过努力)获得;得到
5. adj.热切的;十分强烈的;激烈的
写作词汇
tackle
crisis
crises
boost
attain
intense
6. vt.( , )克服;解决;战胜
7. adj.本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的
8. vt.包括;包含;由……组成
9. n.闲暇;休闲;空闲
10. n.名望;名誉;名人;名流
11. adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的
12. (NAmE -vor)n.味道;特点;特色
overcome
overcame
overcome
domestic
comprise
leisure
celebrity
urban
flavour
1.hybrid　　 n.
2.yield n.
vt.
vi.
3.pollinate vt.
4.output n.
vt.(output,output)
阅读词汇
杂交植(动)物;合成物;混合动力车
产量;产出
出产(作物);产生(收益、效益等)
屈服;让步
授粉;传粉
产量;输出;输出量
输出
5.strain n.
6.soil n.
7.sorghum n.
8.broom n.
9.grain n.
(动、植物的)系;品种;拉伤;压力
泥土;土壤;国土;领土
高粱;高粱米
扫把;扫帚;金雀花
谷物;谷粒;颗粒
10.bomb n.
vt.
11.tunnel n.
12.wheat n.
炸弹
轰炸;对……投炸弹
地下通道;地道;隧道
小麦;小麦籽
拓展词汇
1. vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于→devoted adj.忠诚的;挚爱的;全心全意的→devotion n.奉献;关爱;挚爱
2. n.不足;缺少;短缺→short adj.短的;不足的;矮的 n.电影短片→
shortly adv.不久;立刻→shorten vt.变短;减少;缩短
3. vt.使相信;使确信;说服→convinced adj.确信的;深信的→
convincing adj.令人信服的;有说服力的
devote
shortage
convince
4. n.特征;特点;品质 adj.典型的;独特的→character n.性格,品质;特征;字母
5. adj.传统的;习惯的→convention n.社会习俗;行为规范;惯例
6. n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得→assume vt.假设;认为;承担→assumed adj.假定的;假设的→assuming conj.假定;假设
characteristic
conventional
assumption
7. vt.& vi.扩大;增加 vt.扩展;发展(业务)→expansion n.扩张;扩大;发展
8. vt.估计;估价;估算 n.估计;估算→estimation n.判断;评价;估计→estimated adj.估算的;估计的
9. n.消耗;消耗量;消费→consume vt.消耗;消费→
consumer n.消费者;用户;顾客
10. vt.产生;引起→generation n.一代人;产生
expand
estimate
consumption
generate
11. n.想象;视力;视野;影像→visible adj.看得见的;可见的→
envision vt.展望;想象
12. n.现实;实际情况;事实→realise vt.实现;认识到→really adv.实际上,事实上;真正地→real adj.实际的;真实的;真正的
13. adj.含盐的;咸的→salt n.盐
14. n.扩建部分;扩大;电话分机→extend v.延长;延伸;扩大
15. adj.与化学有关的;化学的 n.化学制品;化学品→
chemistry n.化学→chemist n.化学家
vision
reality
salty
extension
chemical
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.devote...to　　　　
2.be comprised of
3.depend on
4.deep down
5.far from
6.care for
把……用于;献身;致力;专心
包括;包含;由……组成(或构成)
依赖;依靠
在内心深处;本质上;实际上
远远不;绝非
关心;在意;照顾;照料
7.work as
8.be convinced that
9.through intense effort
10.fulfil one’s dream
11.be known as
12.have a serious shortage of
担任;当
相信……
历经千辛万苦
实现某人的梦想
作为……而出名
严重短缺
重点句型
1.However, that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
(what引导主语从句)
然而,他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收,有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。
what concerned him most was
2.Today, about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains,and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.(“It+be+过去分词+that...”句型)
据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物,这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨
稻米。
it is estimated that
3. ,one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.(given that引导条件状语从句)
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有,人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与社会——农业领域卓有成就的人物。
2.语篇类型:介绍人物的记叙文。
3.课文内容分析:
本文介绍的是农业科学家袁隆平,主要介绍了他的生平事迹、从事农业研究的原因、他为解决粮食短缺问题所付出的努力与取得的成就等,尤其是将袁隆平低调、朴素的生活与他对农业的热情形成对比。阅读本文,有利于学生了解袁隆平对世界稻米生产所作出的巨大贡献,理解他少年立志、甘愿为农业奉献一生的内部原因和外部原因,激发学生对以袁隆平为代表的农业科学家的崇敬之情,增加对农业发展的意义的认识。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
a farmer
agriculture
technical
innovation
celebrity
young
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.Why did Yuan Longping consider himself a farmer
[A]Because he continually worked the land in his research.
[B]Because his body was slim but strong like Chinese farmers.
[C]Because he had devoted his life to Chinese farmers.
[D]Because he was born in a family in the countryside.
A
(　　)2.Why did Yuan Longping choose to study agriculture
[A]Because his parents wanted him to do so.
[B]Because he wanted to win awards in his field.
[C]Because farmers sometimes suffered from serious shortage of food at that time.
[D]Because he wanted to make more money by selling seeds.
C
(　　)3.What is the main idea of the text
[A]It is about super hybrid rice.
[B]It is about Yuan Longping who produced hybrid rice to increase rice output.
[C]It mainly talks about how to increase rice output.
[D]It mainly talks about how to solve the world hunger.
B
二次开发·深研课文
▲
Yuan Longping,known as the “father of hybrid rice”,was one of China’s most famous scientists.He considered 1.　　　　 (he) a farmer because he continually worked the land in his research.
himself
Seeing that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat,Yuan 2.　　　 (choose) to study agriculture.
After graduating from college,Yuan worked as a researcher.He realised the key to 3.　　　　 (tackle) hunger was to boost yields in the fields.To realise the goal,Yuan must find a hybrid rice 4.　　　 　 is a cross between two or more varieties of a species.After years of hard work,the first hybrid rice 5.　　 　　 (develop) by Yuan in 1974.This hybrid enabled farmers 6.　　　 　 (expand) their output greatly.
chose
tackling
that/which
was developed
to expand
Today,it is estimated that about 60% of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised 7.　　　 crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains.
Yuan’s innovation has helped feed not just China,but many other countries that depend on rice,too.
of
Because of his invaluable contributions,Yuan Longping received numerous awards at home and abroad.He cared little for celebrity or money.Instead,he made large donations to support agricultural research.
8.　　　 　 impressed people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams.His later vision for “seawater rice” also became a 9.　　　　(real).Even in his 10.　　　　(late) years,Yuan was still young at heart and full of vision.
What
reality
later
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于
·devoted adj.忠诚的;挚爱的;全心全意的
·devotion n.奉献;关爱;挚爱
[教材原句] Indeed,his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers,to whom he had devoted his life.
确实,他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。
例　(应用文写作之申请信)If I am chosen,I will devote myself to being a qualified volunteer.I do hope that you can take my application into consideration.
如果我被选中,我将致力于成为一名合格的志愿者。我真心希望您能考虑我的申请。
devote oneself to...献身于……;致力于……
例　(读后续写之主旨升华)You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work and study.
除非你全身心地投入工作和学习中,否则你永远不会获得成功。
be devoted to (doing) sth 献身于(做)某事;致力于(做)某事
归纳拓展
·devote...to...把……用于;献身;致力;专心
devote oneself to...献身于……;致力于……
·be devoted to (doing) sth 献身于(做)某事;致力于(做)某事
·devotion to...对……的热爱/奉献
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
He made up his mind to devote all he had to 　　 　　(help) those children.
His energetic 　　　 　(devote) to work always wins him respect and praise from both his colleagues and students.
Professor Black has been working in the forest for years,　　　　(devote) to the research of plants and animals.
helping
devotion
devoted
(话题写作之人物介绍)我最尊敬的人是袁隆平,他终生致力于研究杂交水稻和为人民服务。
The person I respect most is Yuan Longping,who
　 .
devoted his whole life to
studying hybrid rice and serving the people或devoted himself to/was devoted
to studying hybrid rice and serving the people in his whole life
语
境
串
词
She is devoted to carrying out the research on The Dream of Red Mansion all her life.Every day,she devotes more than 10 hours to her work,and we all admire her for her devotion.
她一生致力于《红楼梦》的研究。每天,她花在工作上的时间超过十个小时,我们都很钦佩她的敬业精神。
2.shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺
·short adj.短的;不足的;矮的,低的n.电影短片
·shortly adv.不久;立刻
[教材原句] However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
然而,他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收,有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。
例　We should put all our efforts together to find a solution to the problem of water shortage.
我们应该齐心协力找到解决缺水问题的办法。
例　Although more buses have recently been provided,a shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem.
尽管最近增加了更多的公交汽车,但公共交通工具短缺仍然是一个严重的
问题。
a shortage of...缺乏……
归纳拓展
·a shortage of...缺乏……
·in short 总之;简言之
·be short for 是……的简称
be short of 缺乏;不足
温馨提示
除短语in short外,写作时还常常用到下面的短语作为全文总结语:in conclusion、in a word、in brief、all in all、to sum up、on the
whole等。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/翻译句子
That would be short 　　　　 William,I imagined.
Manufacturing industry was worst affected by the fuel 　　 　　(short).
岛上缺少淡水,这对农业发展是不利的。
for
shortage
There is a shortage of fresh water on the island,which is bad for the development of agriculture.
3.convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服
·convinced adj.确信的;深信的
·convincing adj.令人信服的;有说服力的
[教材原句] Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.
袁隆平确信答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。
例　(应用文写作之申请信)With good communication skills,I am greatly convinced that I am qualified for this job.
拥有良好的沟通能力,我深信我能胜任这份工作。
be convinced that/of...确信……;坚信……
例　(读后续写之主旨升华)I’m firmly convinced of the significance of honesty,which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.
我坚信诚实的重要性,它有助于建立一个温暖、和谐的社会。
be convinced that/of...确信……;坚信……
例　I have convinced David to take up the challenge and join in the cross-country team.
我说服了大卫接受挑战并加入越野队。
convince sb to do sth说服某人做某事
归纳拓展
·convince sb of sth使某人相信某事
convince sb that...使某人确信……
convince sb to do sth说服某人做某事
·be convinced that/of...确信……;坚信……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
You need to convince them 　　 your ability to do the job,otherwise,
you would fail to get it.
I’ve been trying my best to convince him 　　　　 (see) a doctor.
From his 　　 　　 words,I was entirely 　　 　　 of his ability to tackle this problem perfectly.(convince)
of
to see
convincing
convinced
我坚信你想要在访谈节目中分享的内容将对我们大有裨益。
I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 what you’d like to share at the chat show will be of great benefit to us.
am firmly convinced that
语
境
串
词
The convincing argument that he gave convinced me of the fact that hard work is the key to success.I am convinced that as long as I make every effort,I am bound to realise my dream.
他给出的令人信服的论据使我认识到勤奋是成功的关键。我相信只要尽全力,我一定会实现我的梦想。
4.assumption n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得
·assume vt.假设;认为;承担
·assumed adj.假定的;假设的
·assuming conj.假定;假设
[教材原句] The common assumption then was that it could not be done.
当时普遍认为这是不可能实现的。
例　(应用文写作之演讲稿)Assuming/On the assumption that I can assume office,I will organise more colourful after-class activities to enrich our school life.
假设我能就职,我将组织更多丰富多彩的课外活动来丰富我们的学校生活。
on the assumption that...假定……
assuming (that)...假定/假设……
例　It is generally assumed that smoking is harmful to health.
普遍认为,吸烟有害健康。
It is generally assumed that...普遍认为……
归纳拓展
·make an assumption/assumptions (about...) (对……)作出假设
on the assumption that...假定……
·assume...to be...认为……是……;假定……是……
·It is generally assumed that...普遍认为……
·assuming (that)...假定/假设……
温馨提示
在英语中,某些动词的现在分词或过去分词可直接用作介词或连词。这类单词有supposing (conj.假设;如果)、provided/providing (conj.假设;如果)、considering (prep.& conj.鉴于;考虑到)、including (prep.包括;包含)等。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Farmers will have a good harvest,　　　 　(assume) that the weather is favourable.
We assumed him 　　　　(be) the first boy to climb the mountain.
We are working 　　 the assumption that everyone invited will turn up.
人们普遍认为喝茶不仅可以让我们提神,还能增强我们的记忆力。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　but also strengthen our memory.
assuming
to be
on
People generally assume that/It is generally assumed that drinking tea
can not only refresh ourselves
5.comprise vt.包括;包含;由……组成
[教材原句] Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains,and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.
据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物,这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
例　The committee comprises members from all parts of society.
该委员会的成员来自社会各界。
例　(读后续写之主旨升华)Life is comprised of not only sunshine but also storms.
生活不仅有阳光,还有暴风雨。
be comprised of 包括;包含;由……组成(或构成)
归纳拓展
be comprised of 包括;包含;由……组成(或构成)
同义短语:be composed of/be made up of/be comprised of/consist of 由……组成
温馨提示
comprise 表示“由……组成”时,不用于进行时态;consist of没有被动语态,相当于be made up of或be composed of,且不用于进行时。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The rescue team comprised 　　　　 five doctors and seven nurses has been sent to the disaster areas.
(话题写作之学校生活)我们俱乐部提供的由听讲座、参加舞蹈比赛和观看视频组成的这些活动几乎受到所有学生的欢迎。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,the activities our club provides are popular with almost all the students.
of
Comprised of/Consisting of/Made up of/Composed of listening to lectures,
taking part in dance competitions and watching videos
6.reality n.现实;实际情况;事实
·real adj.实际的;真实的;真正的
·realistic adj.现实的;实际的;逼真的
[教材原句] His later vision for “seawater rice”also became a reality,and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometres of salty land in China for rice production.
他后来的“海水稻”愿景也已经成为现实,有望在中国开辟近100万平方千米的盐碱地用于水稻生产。
例　(读后续写之主旨升华)When meeting with difficulties,one should face reality and try to solve the difficulties instead of escaping.
当一个人遇到困难的时候,应该面对现实,努力解决困难,而不是逃避。
例　Many things that wouldn’t happen before have come into reality now.
许多以前不可能发生的事现在都实现了。
come into reality 实现
归纳拓展
in reality 事实上;实际上
turn...into reality 把……变成现实
come into reality 实现
温馨提示
truth、reality这两个词都有“真实;现实”的意思,其区别在于:truth强调与实际相符;reality指实际存在、实际看到或经历过的事实,也可指抽象的客观现实,还可指艺术塑造和真实存在非常相像、逼真。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/翻译句子
　　　　 reality,different students have different learning habits,which I think have a great influence on their learning efficiency.
Students are required to set 　　　　(reality) goals so that they are more likely to gain a sense of achievement.
In
realistic
经过多年的努力,他的梦想实现了。
After years of hard work,his dream came into reality.
重点句式
“It+be+过去分词+that...”句型
▲
[教材原句] Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains,and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.
据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物,这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨
稻米。
例 It is estimated that the total economic loss caused by the natural disaster will exceed five million yuan.
据估计,这场自然灾害造成的总经济损失将超过500万元。
例 It was said that he had won first prize in the national mathematics competition.
据说他在全国数学竞赛中获得了一等奖。
例 It is widely known that the Great Wall is one of the world’s miracles.
众所周知,长城是世界奇迹之一。
[归纳拓展]
温馨提示
在“It is suggested/ordered/commanded...that...”句型中,从句的谓语动词用should do,should可以省略。
[语境运用] 翻译句子
据估计,全市人口大约有一百万。
It is estimated that the population of the whole city is about one million.
据报道,近一两日气温将明显下降。
It is reported that the temperature will decline sharply in one or two days.　
众所周知,“有志者事竟成”。
It’s known to us all that “where there is a will,there is a way”.
“given+that从句” 考虑到……
▲
[教材原句] Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy,one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有,人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
例 (话题写作之学校生活)Given that we students need more exercise,our school organised a mountain climbing activity last Sunday.
考虑到我们学生需要更多的锻炼,我校上周日组织了一次爬山活动。
例 Given the general state of his health,it may take a while for him to recover from the operation.
鉴于他整体的健康状况,他可能需要一段时间才能从手术中恢复过来。
[归纳拓展]
温馨提示
和given that类似的句型有:
considering that...考虑到……
provided/providing (that)...如果……;假设……;在……条件下
suppose/supposing (that)...假定;假设;设想……
[语境运用] 完成句子
(话题写作之传统节日)鉴于您对中国的传统节日端午节非常感兴趣,我写信向您介绍它。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,the Dragon Boat Festival,I am writing to introduce it to you.
(读后续写之场景描写)考虑到这对双胞胎没有做母亲节早餐的经验,父亲脸上洋溢着笑容,很乐意帮助她们。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　,
the father was willing to help them,with a smile spreading on his face.
Given that you are keen on the traditional Chinese festival
Given that the twins had no experience in cooking a Mother’s Day breakfast
(应用文写作之建议信)鉴于你要参加中国诗歌朗诵比赛,我想给你提供一些实际的建议。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　,I’d like to offer you some practical advice.
Given that you will participate in a Chinese poetry reciting competition
长难句分析
1.[教材原句] Through intense effort,Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974.
尝试分析: 是动词不定式作目的状语, 是that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词hybrid rice。
自主翻译:历经千辛万苦,袁隆平攻克了艰巨的技术难题,在1974年开发出可用于耕作的第一代杂交水稻。
[语境运用] 情境写作
她克服了许多语言障碍,完成了她的第一篇英语作文,得到了老师们和同学们的高度评价。
She overcame many language obstacles to finish her first English
composition that was highly thought of by her teachers and classmates.
2.[教材原句] However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
尝试分析:这是一个主从复合句。 是what引导的名词性从句,在从句中作主语, 是that引导的表语从句,其中and连接两个并列分句。
自主翻译:然而,他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收,有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。
[语境运用] 情境写作
然而,给她留下最深刻印象的是这里风景优美,人们热情好客。
However,what impressed her most was that the scenery here was amazing
and the people were hospitable.
语法微专题5　
主语从句
语法原句再现
However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.
However,whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.
Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains...
What impressed people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams.
仔细观察上面这五个句子,会发现这几个句子全都是主从复合句。第1、第2、第3、第5句分别是由what、how、whether以及what引导的主语从句;第4句是it作形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句。
语法知识点拨
一、主语从句的含义
在句子中起名词作用的从句统称为“名词性从句”。根据它们在句中的语法作用,这类从句又可分为主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句和宾语从句。顾名思义,如果一个分句在句子中担当主语,该分句就是主语从句。
That he was admitted into his dream university made us very happy.
他被理想的大学录取这件事使我们很高兴。
Whoever wins the competition will receive a medal.
无论是谁赢了竞赛都可以得到一枚奖牌。
When the sports meeting will be held hasn’t been decided yet.
运动会什么时候举办还没有确定。
[语境运用] 完成句子
最让我印象深刻的是,他不管碰到什么困难都不轻言放弃。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 no matter what difficulties he came across.
她在如此短的时间内写完作文使我们都十分惊讶。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 surprised us all.
What impressed me most was that he never gave up
That she finished writing the composition in such a short time
我们下次开会的时间和地点还没有确定。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 has not been decided yet.
When and where we will have the next meeting
二、主语从句的引导词
1.从属连词that、whether/if。
that在从句中不充当句子成分,也无意义,只起连接作用,但不可省略。
whether在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用,意为“是否”。whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首,也可放在句末。但由if引导的主语从句不能放在句首,只能放在句末。
That knowledge is power is true.
知识就是力量,这是真的。
Whether we will go for an outing remains unknown.
我们是否去郊游还不知道。
It is still doubtful whether/if she will play the role.
她是否要演这个角色还不能确定。
2.连接代词who、what、which、whoever、whatever等引导主语从句时,在句中既起连接作用,又在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。
What he said made us believe that he was a generous man.
他说的话让我们相信他是一个大方的人。
Who will hold the meeting matters little.
谁将主持会议并不要紧。
Every year,whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
每年,在风筝节,风筝做得最漂亮的人将赢得一份奖品。
3.连接副词when、where、how、why等在从句中作时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因状语等成分。
Thanks to the improvement of technology,how we make friends and communicate with each other has changed significantly.
由于技术的进步,我们交朋友和互相交流的方式发生了显著变化。
Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain.
土豆被引进欧洲的确切时间并不确定。
Where they will go for a spring outing has caused a heated discussion.
他们将去哪里春游引起了热烈的讨论。
温馨提示
主语从句中连接词的选择技巧:在确定主语从句的连接词的时候,可以根据连接词在从句中所充当的语法成分和连接词在从句中的意义两方面进行考虑。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
　　　　 book I shall choose hasn’t been decided.
　　　　 is bothering the girl isn’t known to us.
　　　　 she keeps healthy is a secret.
　　　　 he will succeed is certain.
　　　 　 comes is welcome.
Which
What
How
That
Whoever
三、形式主语(it)代替主语从句
有时为了避免句子头重脚轻,常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。
it作形式主语时,常用于以下句型:
句型 说明
It+系动词+形容词+主语从句 常用的形容词有important、(un)likely、possible、necessary、natural、wrong等
It+系动词+名词+主语从句 常用的名词有fact、idea、honour、wonder、pity等
It+系动词+过去分词+主语从句 常用的过去分词有known、proved、said、decided、suggested、thought等
It+不及物动词+主语从句 常用的动词有appear、happen、seem、occur、matter等
It is believed that we shall make full use of solar energy some day.
人们相信,总有一天我们将会充分利用太阳能。
It’s no wonder that your students have made such great progress.
难怪你的学生进步这么大。
It matters a great deal whether he will take the examination.
他是否参加考试很重要。
温馨提示
①在“It+系动词+形容词+that从句”句型中,如果形容词为necessary、important、strange、natural等,从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。
It is very important that a student (should) learn English well.
学生学好英语很重要。
温馨提示
②在“It+系动词+过去分词+that从句”句型中,如果过去分词为suggested、advised、ordered、requested、required、demanded等,从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。
It is suggested that the meeting(should) be put off.
有人建议会议延期召开。
[语境运用] 翻译句子
很明显他是一个英国人,从他说话的方式可以判断出来。
It is very obvious that he is an English,which can be judged from the
way he speaks.
我突然想起来我忘记把信寄给我祖母了。
It occurred to me that I forgot to send the letter to my grandmother.　
建议我们应该多吃蔬菜,多做运动,过健康的生活。
It is suggested that we (should) eat more vegetables and do more exercise
to live a healthy life.
四、主语从句中应注意的问题
1.从句要用陈述语序。
Where you were born doesn’t make any difference.
你在哪里出生不会产生任何影响。
2.主语从句的主谓一致。
(1)主语为从句时,谓语动词一般要用单数形式,但如果what引导的从句作主语,代表复数概念(常可从表语上看出)时,谓语动词常用复数形式。
What I need is your help.
我所需要的是你的帮助。
What the school needs most are books.
这所学校最需要的是书。
(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时,谓语动词用单数形式。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。
When and where my family will go for a holiday is not decided.
我们一家何时去何地度假还未决定。
3.需要辨别以下几组引导词。
(1)whatever和whoever
whatever和whoever可以引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等,在这种情况下,不能转换成no matter what/who;引导让步状语从句时可以转换成no matter what/who的形式。
Whoever leaves the classroom last is expected to switch off the light.(主语
从句)
无论谁最后离开教室,都要把灯关掉。
Whoever/No matter who leaves the classroom last,he/she is expected to switch off the light.(让步状语从句)
无论谁最后离开教室,他或她都要把灯关掉。
(2)that和what
what既能引导主语从句,同时又能在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等);这时what相当于“all that/everything that...”,常译成“所……的(东西、事情、话等)”。而that只起连接作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中也不充当任何句子成分;但that引导的主语从句放在句首时,不能省略that。
That he will come to our school delights us all.(that不充当任何成分)
他将会到我们学校来,我们大家都很高兴。
What impressed me most was that the man stayed positive all the time no matter what happened to him.(what 作主语)
给我印象最深的是,无论发生什么事,这个人都一直保持积极乐观。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
　　　　 you are coming to China is the best news I have heard this long time.
When and where the cultural exhibition will be held　　　　 (be) being discussed at the meeting.
　　　　 was the most important to her was her family.
That
is
What
真题体验
1.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)　　　　 worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.
【解析】 考查主语从句。设空处引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,译为“所……的(东西)”。故填What。
What
2.(2023·全国乙卷)　　　　 is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way.
【解析】 考查主语从句。句中It作形式主语,代替后面真正的主语从句,故填It。
It
3.(2023·全国甲卷)　　　　 we discovered is that it’s unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance.
【解析】 考查主语从句。句中What引导主语从句,同时在从句中作discover的宾语,故填What。
What
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.It is a pity 　　　　 we lost the match,but we got something more important,friendship.
2.　　　　 I’m concerned about most is how we can collect a huge amount of money in such a short time.
3.　　　　 she will leave for London hasn’t been decided.Maybe tomorrow,
maybe next week.
4.　　 　　 she comes or not doesn’t matter too much.
that
What
When
Whether
5.　　　　 breaks the law should be punished.
6.　　　　 he said nothing at the meeting made me puzzled.
7.　　　　 he has gone is still a mystery to us all.
8.　　　　 you prepare for final exams directly affects your grades.
9.　　　　 he came to company late this morning remains unknown.
10.　　　　 bus we should take is still a question.
Whoever
That
Where
How
Why
Which
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1.让我印象最深的是开幕式上的精彩表演。
What impressed me most were the brilliant performances at the opening
ceremony.
2.他们今天是否去购物取决于天气情况。
It depends on the weather whether/if they are going shopping today.
3.毕业后到哪儿找份工作使他很困惑。
Where he will get a job after graduation has puzzled him much.

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