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UNIT 1　课时作业(一)
(分值:42分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.The 　　　　(相互矛盾的) result has led the researcher to question previous theories.
2.The teacher’s timely 　　　　(介入) helped me find new study methods.
3.The scientists 　　　　(怀疑) that the virus was spreading rapidly in the air.
4.The professor’s speech has　　　　(改变) our understanding of the book.
5.She spent weeks collecting data from various sources to provide 　　　　(证明) for her paper.
6.His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would in turn 　　　　(感染) other students.
7.Exercising is essential to everybody because it makes you more awake and ready to 　　　　(处理) whatever is ahead of you for the day.
8.The 　　　　(极为恶劣的) weather conditions yesterday forced us to cancel our outdoor class activities and stay indoors.
9.I have 　　　　(数量多的) classes to attend every day,and my schedule is very tight.
10.His innovative 　　　　(思维) played an important role in the team project and helped us solve many problems.
【答案】 1.contradictory　2.intervention　
3.suspected　4.transformed　5.proofs
6.infect　　7.handle　8.severe　
9.multiple　10.thinking
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共8题;每题1.5分,共12分)
1.　　　　(frustrate) among doctors grows when they are struggling to find a cure for the disease.
2.Drinking water needs to meet certain 　　　　 (pure) standards to ensure our health.
3.The teacher emphasised the importance of personal hygiene to avoid getting 　　　　(infect) with diseases.
4.Healthy eating is closely 　　　　 (link) to good physical condition.
5.She has a yearly 　　　　(subscribe) to a language exchange platform where she can practise speaking different languages.
6.Despite the challenges,she is determined 　　　　 (pursue) her dream of becoming a doctor.
7.He hoped to find a good way to have his written English 　　　　 (improve) in a short period.
8.He lost this important competition opportunity as a result 　　　　 his carelessness.
【答案】 1.Frustration　2.purity　3.infected　4.linked　5.subscription　6.to pursue　7.improved　8.of
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.我定期向几个知名的慈善机构捐款。(subscribe to)
2.由于技术的进步,我们的交友以及和朋友交流的方式发生了巨大的变化。(thanks to)
3.这次事故不是他的错,所以他不应该受到责备。(be to blame)
4.我们是时候彻底处理这个问题了。(once and for all)
5.随着我掌握更多学习技巧,我发现自己遇到的学习困难正在减少。(on the decrease)
【答案】 1.I subscribe to a few well-known charities on a regular basis.
2.Thanks to advances in technology,how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly.
3.The accident was not his fault,so he shouldn’t be to blame.
4.It is time that we should deal with the issue once and for all.
5.As I master more study techniques,the learning difficulties I encounter are on the decrease.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Plastic is one of the most important technological discoveries of the 20th century.However,German scientists are certain that this material may soon be replaced.The new development—liquid wood—can replace plastics in all branches of modern industries.
Plastic as a material enjoys the biggest demand in the modern world,but it does have a number of disadvantages.First,plastic is not recyclable.Second,it contains poisons that can cause cancer.Finally,plastic is made of oil,which is not endless.
The liquid wood technology is able to replace plastic and provide mankind with new materials for many years ahead.Arboform is a new material,which can be got from soft tissues(组织) of wood.Once mixed with several other ingredients(成分),it turns into solid and non-poisonous material.
The wood-working industry separates wood into three basic things including lignin(木质素),which is not used for the production of paper.Specialists of an institute mixed lignin with several natural materials and thus invented the material which could be melted and moulded (铸造).
When solid arboform looks like plastic and possesses the qualities of wood,it can be used for the production of any items.
Arboform is already used for the production of car parts.However,the new invention does not enjoy a wide use due to the high content of sulphur(硫) in it.German researchers believe that they will be able to reduce the amount of sulphur by 90 percent very soon to make arboform usable for home needs.
In addition,liquid wood can be recycled repeatedly.The analysis of arboform showed that the material had all of its qualities even if it was reprocessed ten times.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。尽管塑料是20世纪最重要的科技发明之一,但德国科学家确信它很快就会被一种新型原料所代替,你知道这种原料是什么吗
(　　)1.What can we learn about liquid wood from the passage
[A]It has replaced plastic.
[B]It is made from natural oil.
[C]It has been widely used in household.
[D]It can be recycled repeatedly.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,液体木材可以被反复回收利用。故选D。
(　　)2.According to the passage,what will German researchers firstly focus their future work on
[A]Material’s wide use.
[B]Content of sulphur in arboform.
[C]Production cost of arboform.
[D]Qualities of liquid wood.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段可知,如果用 “liquid wood”代替塑料,科学家首先考虑的应该是如何去除“liquid wood”里面高含量的硫。故选B。
(　　)3.Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage
[A]Lignin contains poisons that can cause cancer.
[B]Plastic does harm to our society in many ways.
[C]The liquid wood helps to protect our environment.
[D]Arboform isn’t usable for home need at present.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。文章中没有介绍木质素含有致癌的毒素。故选A。
(　　)4.What’s the best title of the passage
[A]Plastic Has a Number of Disadvantages
[B]A New Material—Plastic
[C]Liquid Wood will Replace Plastic
[D]How to Protect Arboform
【答案】 C
【解析】 标题归纳题。本文主要说明了一种新型材料“liquid wood”将会代替塑料,所以C项符合文章内容,可作文章的标题。故选C。(共33张PPT)
UNIT 1　课时作业(二)
(分值:50分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.She puts a lot of time into her studies,that’s 　　　　 she’s always at the top of her class.
2.What I want to know is 　　　　 we can start our winter vacation.
3.Art is not 　　　　 you see,but what you make others see.
4.The reason why he often goes to the library is 　　　　 it has a good study environment.
why
when
what
that
5.To my surprise,the small village is no longer 　　　　 it used to be.
6.My biggest achievement in school is 　　　　 I’ve improved my communication skills.
7.The problem is 　　　　 I should solve this math problem.
8.The park was 　　　 　　 we had our class picnic last year.
9.What I’m not sure about is 　　 　　　 we should give up all extracurricular activities to prepare for the exam.
10.The question I’m hesitating about is 　　　　 course suits me better.
what
that
how
where
whether
which
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.困扰我的是我该如何平衡学习和娱乐。
What bothers me is how I should balance study and entertainment.
2.他最担心的仍然是他能否赢得大多数人的支持。
What worries him most remains whether he can win the support of the
majority.
3.他错过了第一班公共汽车,那是因为他今天早上起晚了。
He missed the first bus and that was because he got up late this morning.
4.真正的挑战是谁能快速适应新环境。
The real challenge is who can adapt to the new environment quickly.
5.这天气看起来好像快要下雨了。
The weather looks as if it’s going to rain.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
　　Made of thin cotton and sewed together in only 20 minutes,an experimental pair of gloves isn’t particularly fashionable or useful for keeping anyone’s hands warm.Instead,they are used for an entirely different purpose: teaching piano.
In a study,a graduate student Luo of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and her colleagues created these “smart gloves” using advanced technology,which includes physical sensations such as vibration (振动) or force to help with learning activities.Researchers used the gloves to record one pianist’s hand movements while playing a song.They then relayed those movements to a student through fingertip vibrations,helping the learner build muscle memory and perform the piece with greater precision.
“Hand-based movements like piano playing are normally really subjective and difficult to record and transfer,” Luo says.“But with these gloves we are actually able to track a piano teacher’s touch experience and share it with another person to improve their tactile (触觉的) learning process.”
Using a computerised sewing machine,the team wove (织入) small wires linked to a pressure-sensing material in the gloves to detect hand motions.
When a piano teacher wearing the gloves repeatedly performed a tune,a machine-learning algorithm(算法) processed their movement on the keys and translated it into instructional vibrations.Students wearing their own gloves then attempted to play the same tune,with the fingertip vibrations guiding them through proper movements.By the trials’ end,students who had practised with the gloves could play more accurately than those who had not.
Playing piano is often just for fun,but Rice University mechanical engineer O’Malley adds that with an improved algorithm,the new glove technology could someday help to teach crucial practices such as surgeries.
“Instructional touch removes a step in the learning process that auditory and visual learning can’t.” she says.“When vibration is actually felt directly at the point of action,we can act and learn quicker and with that,there’s so much potential.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了麻省理工学院的研究生罗和她的同事们利用先进的技术创造了一款“智能手套”,虽不是很时尚,也不很保暖,但是它可以用来教钢琴。
(　　)1.What is presented in Paragraph 2
[A]Learning activities.
[B]Working principles.
[C]Theoretical models.
[D]Statistical methods.
B
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第二段可知,罗和她的同事们利用先进的技术创造了这些“智能手套”。研究人员用这种手套记录了一位钢琴家弹奏歌曲时的手部动作。然后,他们通过指尖的振动将这些动作传递给学生来帮助学习者建立肌肉记忆,并更精确地演奏乐曲。由此可知,第二段主要介绍了智能手套的工作原理。故选B。
(　　)2.According to the passage,what technology was used to detect hand motions in “Smart Gloves”
[A]A sewing machine.
[B]Advanced vibration technology.
[C]A machine-learning algorithm.
[D]Small wires connected to a special material.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知,该团队使用一台计算机化的缝纫机,把一些与压力感应材料相连的小导线织在手套里,以检测手部运动。由此可知,这种手套中运用了一些与特殊的感应材料相连的导线。故选D。
(　　)3.What is the writing purpose of the last paragraph
[A]To introduce a global trend.
[B]To make some further predictions.
[C]To raise a reasonable doubt.
[D]To add some background information.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,弹钢琴通常只是为了好玩,但莱斯大学的机械工程师O’Malley补充说,通过改进算法,新的手套技术有朝一日可以帮助教授手术等关键操作。由此可知,最后一段主要预测了该技术除了用于钢琴类乐器教学,还可能在未来应用于其他领域。故选B。
(　　)4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
[A]The Importance of “Smart Gloves” in Teaching
[B]“Smart Gloves” are Replacing Teachers
[C]“Smart Gloves” Teach Piano Playing through Touch
[D]Learners can realise their potential via “Smart Gloves”
C
【解析】 标题归纳题。根据第一段可知,实验中由薄棉布制成的手套的目的是教钢琴。再根据第二段中的“Researchers used the gloves to...with greater precision.”可知,研究人员用这种手套记录了一位钢琴家弹奏歌曲时的手部动作。然后,他们通过指尖的振动将这些动作传递给学生来帮助学习者建立肌肉记忆,并更精确地演奏乐曲。由此可知,本文主要介绍了一副“智能手套”,它可以通过触觉教授演奏钢琴。故选C。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
In the office of remote sensing scientist Liu Shaochuang,there is
1.　 　 huge photograph of a camel he took a decade ago in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Wearing camouflage (伪装),he lay for hours by a pool of water in the Gobi Desert 2.　　 　　(obtain) the image.
Living in the harsh deserts,the even-toed camel is listed as 3.
(critical) endangered.Experts evaluate that the population of this species is currently 4.　　　　(little) than 1,000,of which around 650 are in China.
a
to obtain
critically
less
Since 2012,Liu 5.　　　 　(lead) a team in tracking and studying wild camels 6.　 　 　(use) satellite remote sensing technology.Unlike zoologists who focus on species,Liu has instead studied the interrelationship between endangered animals and their environment,
which he believes will help develop a few better protection 7.
(strategy) in the face of climate change.In the run-up to World Wildlife Day on March 3,Liu’s research was held up as a successful example of
8.　　　　 technology can benefit animal protection efforts on Earth.
has led/has been leading
using
strategies
how
His studies have covered many fields,including polar region
9.　　　 　(science) expeditions and mapping the headwaters of great rivers across the globe.What impresses us most is 10.　　　　 his research shows what advanced space technology can do to protect animals.
scientific
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了遥感科学家刘少创利用卫星遥感技术跟踪和研究野生骆驼的经历,以及他的研究领域和取得的成就。
that
1.【答案】 a
【解析】 考查冠词。分析句子可知,设空处表示泛指,意为“一张;一幅”,应用不定冠词,且huge以辅音音素开头,应用a。故填a。
2.【答案】 to obtain
【解析】 考查动词不定式。分析句子可知,句子主干成分完整,设空处作句子的目的状语,表示“为了”,应用obtain的不定式形式。故填to obtain。
3.【答案】 critically
【解析】 考查副词。分析句子可知,设空处修饰endangered作状语,应用副词critically,意为“严重地;极大程度上”。故填critically。
4.【答案】 less
【解析】 考查比较级。由设空处后的连词than可知,此处要用形容词的比较级。故填less。
5.【答案】 has led/has been leading
【解析】 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,设空处作句子的谓语,时间状语为Since 2012,动作从过去开始发生,可以用现在完成时强调动作对现在的影响,也可以用现在完成进行时表示动作会继续进行下去,主语Liu为单数,助动词用has。故填has led/has been leading。
6.【答案】 using
【解析】 考查现在分词。分析句子可知,句子主干成分完整,设空处作方式状语,表示跟踪和研究野生骆驼的方式,应用use的现在分词形式。故填using。
7.【答案】 strategies
【解析】 考查名词复数。根据a few可知,此处指一些更好的保护策略,空处应用strategy的复数形式。故填strategies。
8.【答案】 how
【解析】 考查宾语从句。分析句子可知,设空处引导名词性从句作of的宾语,从句中缺少方式状语,设空处需表达“怎样;如何”,应用连接副词how作引导词。故填how。
9.【答案】 scientific
【解析】 考查形容词。分析句子可知,设空处作定语修饰expeditions,应用形容词scientific,意为“科学的”。故填scientific。
10.【答案】 that
【解析】 考查表语从句。分析句子可知,表语从句的内容是一个完整的句子,表示肯定的意思,不缺少成分,用that引导。故填that。[头脑风暴·思维发散]
　　Most scientists are gifted individuals who play a crucial role in our understanding of the world.They study nature with tools like microscopes,discovering new things about cells and proteins.Their work helps us understand how life functions.Scientists firmly believe in pure science and use statistics to assist in proving their ideas.Their dedication reminds us that science is essential for social progress and a better future of everyone.
大多数科学家是天资聪慧的人物,他们在我们理解世界的过程中扮演着至关重要的角色。他们使用显微镜等工具研究自然,发现关于细胞和蛋白质的新事物。他们的工作帮助我们理解生命是如何运作的。科学家坚信纯粹的科学,并使用统计学来辅助证明他们的观点。他们的奉献精神提醒我们,科学对于社会进步和每个人更美好的未来至关重要。
Reading and Thinking,Learning About Language
写作词汇
1.household　 n.一家人;家庭;同住一所
(套)房子的人
2.suspect vt.& vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任
n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象
3.blame vt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责
n.责备;指责
4.handle n.把手;拉手;柄
vt.处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
5.link n.联系;纽带
vt.把……连接起来;相关联
6.raw adj.未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的
7.substantial adj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的
8.decrease n.减少;降低;减少量
vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低
9.thinking n.思想;思维;见解
10.finding n.发现;调查结果;(法律)判决
11.solid adj.可靠的;固体的;坚实的
n.固体
阅读词汇
1.pump　　　　 n.泵;抽水机;打气筒
2.cholera n.霍乱
3.diarrhoea (NAmE diarrhea)
n.腹泻
4.dehydration n.脱水
5.germ n.微生物;细菌;病菌
6.statistic n.[pl.-s]统计数字;统计资料;统计学
7.epidemiology n.流行病学
8.microscope n.显微镜
9.protein n.蛋白质
10.cell n.细胞;小房间;单间牢房
11.virus n.病毒
12.vaccine n.疫苗
13.framework n.框架;结构
拓展词汇
1.severe adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的→severely adv.十分严重地;严肃地;严厉地
2.frustrated adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的→frustration n.沮丧;挫败→ frustrating adj.令人沮丧的;令人懊恼的
3.contradictory adj.相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的→contradict vt.反驳;相矛盾→contradiction n.矛盾;反驳
4.subscribe vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)→subscription n.(报刊等的)订阅费,(定期)服务费;订阅;订购→subscriber n.订阅人,订购者;消费者;用户;定期捐助者
5.infection n.感染;传染→infect vt.使感染;传染→infectious adj.感染的;传染性的;有感染力的→infected adj.受(有害细菌、病毒等)感染的
6.multiple adj.数量多的;多种多样的→multiply vi.& vt.乘;繁殖;增殖
7.intervention n.介入;出面;干涉→intervene vi.干扰;介入
8.pure adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的→purely adv.完全地→purify vt.净化;使(某物)洁净
9.transform vt.使改观;使改变形态 vi.改变;转变→transformation n.(彻底的)变化,转变,改革
10.proof n.证据;证明;检验→prove v.证明;证实;最终显现为
11.initial adj.最初的;开始的;第一的→initially adv.起初;开始时
重点词块
1.die from　　　　　　死于
2.attend to 关怀;照料;处理
3.once and for all 最终地;彻底地
4.in general 一般而言
5.subscribe to 同意;赞同
6.be determined to do 决心做……
7.find out 弄明白;查清楚
8.be to blame 对(坏事)负有责任
9.as a result of 由于……
10.be likely to do 很可能做……
11.tireless efforts 不懈的努力
12.thanks to 幸亏;由于
重点句型
1.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.(so...that...引导结果状语从句)
他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重,十天内就有500多人死亡。
2.Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,until a British doctor,John Snow,showed how it could be overcome.(until引导的时间状语从句)
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前,霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
3.As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.(“疑问词+不定式”结构)
由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱,年轻的约翰·斯诺医生感到很沮丧。
4.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(It seemed that...;“have sth done”)
该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水,每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。
5.Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.(where引导的定语从句)
斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与社会——科学与科学家。
2.语篇类型:记叙文。
3.课文内容分析:
　　1854年,伦敦霍乱流行,斯诺通过研究霍乱病死者的日常生活情况,发现了霍乱与饮用不洁净水的关系。在他的呼吁下,饮用水公司开始出售洁净水,有效制止了霍乱的流行。阅读本文,有利于帮助学生理解质疑精神的意义,学会批判性地思考,形成自己的观点与看法。
多维解读·浅析结构
【答案】 1.feared　2.frustrated　3.desire　4.marked　5.handle　6.decreased　7.maps
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.What played a key role in John Snow’s discovery
[A]The government. [B]The water company.
[C]Queen Victoria. [D]The map made by himself.
(　　)2.What conclusion did John Snow draw according to the evidence
[A]Cholera multiplied in the water.
[B]Polluted water carried the virus.
[C]A cloud of dangerous gas caused cholera.
[D]Cholera could never be controlled even though its cause was found.
(　　)3.Which words can best describe John Snow’s way of defeating “King Cholera”
[A]Creative but not lasting. [B]Smart and effective.
[C]New but useless. [D]Confusing and complex.
(　　)4.What’s the main idea of this passage
[A]The cause of cholera was polluted water.
[B]John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.
[C]The source of all drinking water should be examined.
[D]How John Snow defeated “King Cholera”.
(　　)5.Where does this text probably come from
[A]A newspaper. [B]A medical report.
[C]A book review. [D]A TV interview.
【答案】 1.D　2.B　3.B　4.D　5.A
二次开发·深研课文
　　Cholera was one of the most feared 1.　　　　(disease) in the past.In the early 19th century,when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe,millions of people died from the disease.John Snow,2.　　　　 famous doctor,was determined 3.　　　　(destroy) cholera once and for all.
There were two theories about cholera at that time.One was 4.　　　　 bad air caused the disease and the other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.Snow subscribed 5.　　　　 the second theory.He began to investigate,6.　　　　(mark) on a map the exact places where all those who died 7.　　　　(live).As a result,he found multiple deaths in one place while there were no deaths in another place.8.　　　　(eventual),he found the evidence for the second theory.He succeeded in 9.　　　　(stop) the disease spreading.
Snow transformed the way of studying diseases,and therefore he 10.　　　　(consider) the father of modern epidemiology.
【答案】 1.diseases　2.a　3.to destroy　4.that　5.to　6.marking　7.had lived　8.Eventually　9.stopping 10.is considered
1.subscribe vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期捐助
·subscriber n.订阅人,订购者;消费者;用户;定期捐助者
·subscription n.(报刊等的)订阅费,定期服务费;订阅;订购
[教材原句] Snow subscribed to the second theory.
斯诺赞同第二种看法。
例　Our school has an e-library where all subscribers can download various academic materials free of charge.
我们学校有一个电子图书馆,所有订阅者都可以免费下载各种学术资料。
例　I subscribe to his view that learning should be a joyful process.
我同意他的观点,即学习应该是一个快乐的过程。
subscribe for 认购(股份) subscribe to 同意;赞同;定期交纳(会员费);定期捐款;申请;定期订阅
[语境运用] 写出下面黑体短语的意思
I subscribe to an English learning magazine every month and sign the library’s usage agreement.I fully subscribe to green transportation and am even willing to subscribe to related environmental protection activities.
我每月都 　　　　英语学习杂志,还签署图书馆的使用协议。对于绿色交通,我完全 　　　　,甚至愿意 　　　　相关环保活动。
【答案】 订阅　 同意;赞同　 捐助
2.suspect vt.& vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象
·suspicion n.怀疑;嫌疑
·suspicious adj.怀疑的;感觉可疑的
[教材原句] Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
例　(应用文写作之演讲稿)I suspect that as long as I stick to my dreams,no matter how many difficulties I encounter,I will always find the strength to move forward.
我觉得,只要我坚持自己的梦想,无论我遇到多少困难, 我总能找到前行的力量。
例　I suspect Xiao Hong of preparing for an English speech contest,because she’s been practising her oral English in the English Corner recently.
我怀疑小红在准备英语演讲比赛,因为她最近总是在英语角练习口语。
·suspect sb of (doing) sth怀疑某人(做过)某事 suspect sb/sth to be/have...怀疑某人/ 某物是…… suspect that+从句 怀疑……;觉得…… ·under suspicion 有嫌疑;涉嫌 ·be suspicious of/about sth 对某人/某事感觉可疑/怀疑
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
He was under 　　　　(suspect) of breaking the glass.
They became 　　　　(suspect) of his behaviour and contacted the police.
(应用文写作之人物描写)我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师,他从不怀疑我们会实现自己的梦想。
The person I respect most is my English teacher,who 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
【答案】 suspicion　 suspicious　 never suspects that we can achieve our dreams
3.blame vt.把……归咎于; 责怪; 指责
n.责备; 指责
[教材原句] Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
例　(应用文写作之演讲稿)We should reflect on ourselves rather than blame others for not giving us enough support.
我们应该自我反思,而不是责备他人没有给予我们足够的支持。
例　Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame on the alarm clock.
很多人发现早上很难起床,并把责任归咎于闹钟。
·be to blame (for sth) (对某事)负有责任;应受责备 blame sb for sth因某事责备某人;把某事归咎于某人 blame sth on sb/sth把某事归咎于某人/某事 ·put/lay the blame for sth on sb将某事归咎于某人 take the blame for sth承担某事的责任
be to blame短语中blame不能用被动形式,该短语为主动形式表示被动含义。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
You shouldn’t blame the failure 　　　　 that little boy.
She was blamed 　　　　 her lack of preparation for the test.
(读后续写之情感描写)因篮球比赛失败而受到责备,蒂姆陷入悲伤中。
　　　　　　　　　　　　,Tim was seized/overwhelmed by sadness.
【答案】 on　 for　 Blamed for losing the basketball game
4.link n.联系;纽带 vt.把……连接起来;相关联
[教材原句] Moreover,Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.
此外,斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。
例　(话题写作之健康的生活方式)The teacher told us that our learning efficiency is closely linked to/with our sleep habits.
老师告诉我们,我们的学习效率与睡眠习惯紧密相关。
例　(应用文写作之活动介绍)We linked up with them for a charity concert last month.
上个月我们与他们联合举办了一场慈善音乐会。
·link...to/with将……和……连接起来/联系起来 be linked to/with... 被连接到……;与……相关联 link up (with...) (与……)连接,结合 ·a link between...and... ……与……之间的联系
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(应用文写作之传统文化)People often link the Spring Festival 　　　　 reunion.
Many students have found a link between their hobbies 　　　　 their future career paths.
(话题写作之健康的生活方式)健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。
Health problems 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
We’re planning to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(与其他学校联合) to organise a regional debate competition.
【答案】 to/with　 and　 are closely linked to/with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise link up with other schools
5.decrease n.减少;降低;减少量
vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低
[教材原句] Through Snow’s tireless efforts,water companies began to sell clean water,and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.
经过斯诺的不懈努力,饮用水公司开始出售洁净水,世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅减少。
例　The use of fossil fuels is on the decrease as renewable energy becomes more accessible.
随着可再生能源的普及,化石燃料的使用正在减少。
例　To prepare for the exams,I have decreased my weekly entertainment time from 10 hours to 5 hours.
为了备考,我每周的娱乐时间从10小时减少到了5小时。
例　This species of bird is decreasing in number every year.
这种鸟的数量在逐年减少。
·on the decrease在减少 ·decrease (from...) to...(从……)减少到……(表示减少后的量) decrease by... 减少了……(表示减少的量) decrease in...在……方面减少
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
I’ve noticed that the number of students wearing glasses in our class is 　　　　 the decrease.
The production of wheat has decreased 　　　　 20% because of the dry weather.
The number of students participating in the extracurricular club 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(从去年的30人减少到了今年的20人).
【答案】 on　 by　 has decreased from 30 last year to 20 this year
“疑问词+不定式”结构
[教材原句] As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.
由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱,年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。
例　He’s not sure how to explain his problem to the teacher.
他不确定如何向老师解释他的问题。
例　(话题写作之家庭生活)Where to spend the summer vacation is something many families need to consider.
去哪里过暑假是许多家庭需要考虑的事情。
·常见的特殊疑问词:疑问代词who,what,which等和疑问副词how,when,where等。 ·语法功能:该结构相当于名词性从句,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等(作主语时,谓语动词常用单数)。 ·一般用在tell,show,understand,explain,teach,learn,discuss等动词后面的特殊疑问词与构成不定式的动词之间为动宾关系时,不定式用主动形式。
whether后可接不定式,而if后不可以。
[语境运用] 完成句子/句型转换
她突然想到了一个好主意,但是她不知道该如何表达出来。
Suddenly a good idea occurred to her,but she didn’t know 　.
The article is so poorly-organised that I don’t know what I should say after reading it.
→The article is so poorly-organised that I don’t know 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 after reading it.
When we will decorate the house hasn’t been decided.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　 hasn’t been decided.
【答案】 how to express it　 what to say　 When to decorate the house
so...that...引导结果状语从句
[教材原句] He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重,十天内就有500多人死亡。
例　(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.
有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣,他们把种子带回家,开始经营自己的菜园。
例　He bought me so interesting a novel that I finished reading it in just one day.
他给我买了一本如此有趣的小说,以至于我一天之内就把它读完了。
·so...that...句型的常见形式: so+adj./adv.+that... so+adj.+a(n)+n.(单数可数)+that... so+many/few/much/little (少)+n.+that... ·such...that...句型的常见形式: such+a(n)+adj.+n.(单数可数)+that... such+adj.+n.(复数可数/不可数)+that... ·当so/such放在句首时,主句要用部分倒装语序。
little表示“少”时用so修饰,但表示“小”时用such修饰。
It is normal for such little boys to eat so little food.
这么小的男孩吃这么少的食物是正常的。
[语境运用] 一句多译/句型转换
(读后续写之心理描写)她因为突然的消息而兴奋得头脑一片空白,以至于一句话也说不出来。
→She was 　　　　　　　　　　　　 her mind went blank,unable to say a single word.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 her mind went blank,unable to say a single word.(倒装语序)
(话题写作之学校生活)The self-study room is such an appealing place that many students will gather there to further improve their learning level.
→The self-study room 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 many students will gather there to further improve their learning level.(用含有so的句式改写)
【答案】 so excited by the sudden news that;So excited was she by the sudden news that　 is so appealing a place that　
[教材原句] He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
尝试分析:本句为复合句。 为that引导的宾语从句。 为so...that...引导的结果状语从句。
自主翻译:他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重,十天内就有500多人死亡。
[语境运用] 情境写作
我意识到我们一起度过的那一天是如此难忘,以至于它将永远留在我的记忆里。
I realised that the day we spent together was so unforgettable that it would stay in my memory forever.
语法微专题1　表语从句
One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
　　仔细观察上面的句子,看它们有什么特点,思考一下黑体部分在句中的作用。
表语从句的含义
　　在主从复合句中充当表语的从句,叫作表语从句。它常位于系动词之后,对主语进行解释、说明,使主语的内容具体化,说明主语是什么或者怎么样。可连接表语从句的系动词有be、look、remain、seem、sound、appear等。表语从句要用陈述语气。
表语从句的连接词有从属连词、连接代词与连接副词。
一、表语从句的连接词
(一)从属连词that、whether、because、as if/though引导的表语从句
1.that引导的表语从句,that在从句中不作任何成分,没有任何意义,但不可省略。
What really made me sad was that he never answered my letter.
真正让我伤心的是他从不给我回信。
2.whether引导的表语从句,意为“是否”。但if不能引导表语从句。
The question is whether you can do the work well.
问题是你能否做好这项工作。
3.because引导的表语从句,说明主语所表示的事件发生的原因,意为“因为”。
It was because he was so terribly alone.
那是因为他太孤独了。
4.as if/though引导的表语从句,从句若表示有明显迹象的确要发生时或可能被设想为事实的时候,可用陈述语气;从句表示的情况发生的可能性比较小或与事实相反时,常用虚拟语气。
Look at the sky! It looks as if it is going to rain.
看看天空!看来天要下雨了。
The storm is so huge and it looks as if the world were coming to an end.
风暴如此之大,看起来就好像世界末日即将来临。
[语境运用] 用适当的连接词填空
The reason why he persists in exercising is 　　　　 he believes a healthy body is the foundation for achieving dreams.
The question discussed at the meeting was 　　　　 it was worth trying or not.
If there are things we do not know,it is 　　　　 we haven’t learnt them.
It looks 　　　　 it is going to rain soon,with dark clouds covering the sky.
【答案】 that　 whether　 because　 as if/though
(二)连接代词who(ever)、whom(ever)、whose、what(ever)、which(ever)引导的表语从句
该类连接词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
“A good night’s sleep is what you want,” he said firmly.
“好好睡上一晚才是你需要的。”他坚定地说。
Friend is who can give you strength at last.
朋友,是在最后可以给你力量的人。
[语境运用] 用适当的连接词填空
Actually,the young can be 　　　　 they want to be,whether it is a pilot,an astronaut,or a manager.
This is 　　　　 we have been looking forward to for years.
To tell the truth,what I want to know is 　　　　 words are helpful.
The leader should be 　　　　 can lead the team to success.
【答案】 what/whatever　 what　 whose　 whoever
(三)连接副词when、where、why、how引导的表语从句
以上连接副词引导表语从句时,除在句中起连接作用外,在从句中往往作状语(时间、地点、原因、方式等)。
The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park.
我们上一次参观水上公园的时候玩得很开心。
Sara was caught in a traffic jam this morning.That is why she was late for work.
萨拉今天早上遇到了交通堵塞,那就是她上班迟到的原因。
①表语从句采用陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语”。
②why和because都可引导表语从句,前者强调结果,常构成“that’s why...”句式,意为“那是……的原因”;后者强调原因,常构成“that’s because...”句式,意为“那是因为……”。The reason why...is that...,此处why引导的是定语从句,that引导的是表语从句,意为“……的原因是……”。
I didn’t phone her,and that’s why she got angry with me.
我没有给她打电话,那就是她生我气的原因。(强调生气这一结果)
I didn’t phone her,and that’s because I got angry with her.
我没有给她打电话,那是因为我生她的气了。(强调没打电话的原因)
The reason why she is so popular among her classmates is that she is always ready to help others.
她在同学中很受欢迎的原因是她总是乐于助人。
③reason作主语或主语中包含事件的起因,后面的表语从句表示原因时,要用that来引导,而不是because。
[语境运用] 用适当的连接词填空
We decided to study at the library,that’s 　　　　 we didn’t go to the party.
What’s surprising is 　　　　 quickly he mastered the new language.
If you often feel tired and can’t focus your attention,that is 　　　　 you have to stop working too hard and to have a rest.
Go and get your coat.It’s 　　　　 you left it.
【答案】 why　 how　 when　 where
二、表语从句中的虚拟语气
1.在表语从句中,表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等时,主句中的主语通常是advice、suggestion、proposal、request、order、idea等,从句谓语动词形式是“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
My advice is that you(should) practise speaking English as often as possible.
我的建议是你应该尽可能经常地练习说英语。
2.在as if/though引导的表语从句中,当说话者认为所述不是事实或发生的可能性不大时,从句用虚拟语气。若表示与现在事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were);若表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词用过去完成时;若表示与将来事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。
It seems as if it were spring.
现在好像是春天似的。
She appeared as if she had known nothing about it.
她看上去对此一无所知。
[语境运用] 完成句子
My suggestion is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(我们应该建立一个阅读俱乐部) to encourage students to read more books.
She talks 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(好像是这个领域的专家),even though she’s only a beginner.
【答案】 that we (should) establish a reading club
as if she were an expert in the field
1.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities,that’s 　　　　　 they’ll promote.But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
【答案】 what　
【解析】 考查表语从句。表语从句缺少宾语,且是指事物,所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
2.(2024·全国甲卷)That’s 　　　　 most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats,which they don’t usually like.
【答案】 why　
【解析】 考查表语从句。表语从句缺少状语,根据句意用why引导。故填why。
3.(2023·全国甲卷)What we discovered is 　　　　 it’s unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance.
【答案】 that　
【解析】 考查表语从句。表语从句句意完整,不缺句子成分,表达肯定的含义,用that引导。故填that。
4.(2023·浙江1月卷)The result is 　　　　 many communities,especially in farming regions,see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
【答案】 that　
【解析】 考查表语从句。表语从句句意完整,不缺句子成分,表达肯定的含义,用that引导。故填that。
5.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists.This is 　　　　 they need an English trainer.
【答案】 why　
【解析】 考查表语从句。表语从句缺少状语,根据句意用why引导。故填why。
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.Mum appeared as if she 　　　　(see) nothing about it.
2.The third section of the newspaper is 　　　　 we can know something about science and technology.
3.The reason why I made so much progress was 　　　　 your encouragement played an important role in my study.
4.The doctor’s recommendation is that I 　　　　(take) a rest.
5.What really matters is 　　　　 you do,and you must do it well.
【答案】 1.had seen　2.where 　3.that　4.(should) take　5.whatever
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.这就是去年举行运动会的地方。
This is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 last year.
2.问题是这个过程会有多快。
The question is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
3.我想知道的是你何时能完成任务。
What I want to know is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
4.看起来将会遇到很多困难。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 there are going to be a lot of difficulties.
5.所有的窗户都打开了,这就是如此冷的原因。
All the windows are open and that’s 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
【答案】 1.where the sports meeting was held　2.how fast the process will be　3.when you can finish the task　4.It looks as if/though　5.why it is so cold
Ⅲ.语篇填空
　　Three Laws of Robotics put forward by Isaac Asimov are 1.　　　　 we should obey when producing robots in our real life.These rules are also 2.　　　　 a film relating to robots tries to display to the audience.In the movie,people’s original thought was 3.　　　　 robots could live in harmony with human beings.That was 4.　　　　 robots were widely used in various areas and no unpleasant things had happened.That was 5.　　　　 human beings expected.However,with the advancement of technology,the fact was 6.　　　　 some robots developed human emotions.It looked 7.　　　　 the robots would take control of human beings.That was 8.　　　　 people worried.
【答案】 1.what　2.what　3.that　4.because　5.what　6.that　7.as if/though　8.whatUNIT 1　课时作业(三)
(分值:58.5分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共9题;每题1分,共9分)
1.On the playground,the children are happily chasing each other’s 　　　　　(影子).
2.There was a big storm after midnight and the rain 　　　　 (倾泻) down.
3.We need a 　　　　 (具体的) plan to arrange our study activities for this weekend.
4.He is the only one of the 　　　　 (助理) who is gifted in music.
5.The player’s 　　　　 (杰出的) performance left a deep impression on everyone present.
6.His description was so 　　　　 (生动的) that it made me feel like I was there.
7.The professor’s 　　　　 (抽象的)theory is hard for us to understand.
8.This 　　　　　(概念) is not easy to understand because the words seem to have opposite meanings.
9.This course is interesting,and 　　　　(此外),it has taught me many practical skills.
【答案】 1.shadows　2.poured　3.concrete　4.assistants　5.outstanding　6.vivid　7.abstract　8.concept　9.furthermore
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共8题;每题1.5分,共12分)
1.One of the things that influenced me was meeting so many 　　　　(gift) young Chinese scientists.
2.Under the guidance of his teacher,his writing skills have been 　　　　(steady) improving.
3.Under Dr.Smith’s 　　　　(leader),the research team made significant advances in the field of science.
4.He didn’t like English 　　　　 (initial),but with the help of his teacher,he gradually became interested in it.
5.Participating in extracurricular activities has a positive impact 　　　　 students’ social skills.
6.I’m very willing 　　　　(help) classmates with their learning difficulties.
7.Our research 　　　　(finding) indicate that reading for an hour every day can significantly improve writing skills.
8.She is familiar 　　　　 the cultural customs of English-speaking countries,which helps her feel more confident in international communication.
【答案】 1.gifted　2.steadily　3.leadership　4.initially　5.on　6.to help　7.findings
8.with
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.我很荣幸地向大家介绍负责这个科研项目的教授。(in charge of)
2.这个实验不仅取得了有效成果,而且还为进一步的研究提供了宝贵的数据。(not only...but also...的倒装结构)
3.当你疲劳的时候,没有什么比好好休息一下更好的了。(否定词+比较级)
4.最重要的是,我擅长英语口语,所以我和外国人交流没有困难。(above all)
5.史蒂文(Steven)有绘画天赋,能轻松理解我在课堂上描述的内容。(have a gift for)
【答案】 1.I’m honoured to introduce the professor in charge of the scientific research project.
2.Not only did the experiment achieve effective results,but also it provided valuable data for further research.
3.There is nothing better than a good rest when you are tired.
4.Above all,I’m good at spoken English,so I have no difficulty in communicating with foreigners.
5.Steven has a gift for painting and he can easily understand what I describe in class.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共11题;每题2.5分,共27.5分)
A
Here are the introductions and achievements of four scientists.
J ns Jacob Berzelius
J ns Jacob Berzelius was a Swedish chemist,often referred to as one of the founders of modern chemistry.He developed a system of chemical symbols,which laid the foundation for the establishment of the modern periodic table (现代元素周期表).Berzelius also made important discoveries in the field of electrochemistry.
Niels Henrik David Bohr
Niels Henrik David Bohr was a Danish physicist.He proposed the atomic model known as the Bohr model,which explained the behaviour of electrons moving in fixed energy levels or orbits around the atomic nucleus.His model helped explain the spectra (光谱) of elements and laid the groundwork for further developments in atomic physics.
Robert Boyle
Robert Boyle,born in Ireland,was regarded as one of the founders of modern chemistry,known for Boyle’s law.Boyle’s law describes the relationship between the pressure and volume (体积) of a gas at constant temperature.Boyle’s work laid the foundation for the modern understanding of gas behaviour and promoted the development of scientific experimental methods.
William Lawrence Bragg
William Lawrence Bragg was a physicist born in Australia who made significant contributions to X-ray crystallography (晶体学).Together with his father William Henry Bragg,he developed the famous Bragg’s law.This discovery revolutionised the field of crystallography and paved the way for determining the atomic and molecular (分子的) structures of various substances,including DNA and proteins.
【语篇导读】 本文是应用文。文章介绍了四位科学家和他们的成就。
(　　)1.What do we say about J ns Jacob Berzelius
[A]He invented a new chemical substance.
[B]He established the modern periodic table.
[C]He was referred to as a founder of modern physics.
[D]He made important achievements in the field of electrochemistry.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据J ns Jacob Berzelius标题下内容可知,他是一位瑞典化学家,被认为是现代化学的创始人之一。他发展了一套化学符号系统,为现代元素周期表的建立奠定了基础。贝采里乌斯在电化学领域也有重要发现。A项没有提及,B项和C项细节有误。故选D。
(　　)2.Who was born in Ireland
[A]J ns Jacob Berzelius.
[B]Niels Henrik David Bohr.
[C]Robert Boyle.
[D]William Lawrence Bragg.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据Robert Boyle标题下的“Robert Boyle,born in Ireland,was regarded as one of the founders of modern chemistry,known for Boyle’s law.”可知,Robert Boyle出生在爱尔兰。故选C。
(　　)3.What do Niels Henrik David Bohr and William Lawrence Bragg have in common
[A]They were born in Denmark.
[B]They made a contribution to physics.
[C]They discovered new models for chemistry.
[D]They did research together with their family.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据Niels Henrik David Bohr标题下的句子“...laid the groundwork for further developments in atomic physics”可知,Niels Henrik David Bohr为原子物理学的进一步发展奠定了基础;由William Lawrence Bragg标题下的内容可知,William Lawrence Bragg是著名物理学家,与父亲一起发展了布拉格定律,对X射线晶体学作出了重大贡献。可知他们都对物理作出了贡献。故选B。
B
Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions,whether to Mars or other planets much further away.Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.Instead,we should feed the poor and find immediate solutions to other problems,such as pollution and fatal diseases.However,others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us.
Firstly,exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.It has directly resulted in many satellites that now orbit Earth.A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns.Then the data is transmitted to scientists on Earth.After careful analysis,the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers.As a result,space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population.
Secondly,space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all.High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration.For example,space technologies have helped the research and development of different types of new material.They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that doctors regularly use.Today,space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries,and everyday products,such as memory foam pillows and smartphone cameras,are changing our lives.
Finally,sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s problems and even to find ways to solve them.Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited.In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population,scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home.The greatest attention at present is on Mars because it is closer to Earth.In the future humans may live on both planets.
In closing,exploring space provides the world with many different benefits.Therefore,it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems.
【语篇导读】 本文是议论文。文章主要阐述了探索太空带来的各种好处。
(　　)4.What will the writer go on to say next
[A]How to send many more satellites into space.
[B]When to live on Mars.
[C]How to use space technologies to make everyday products.
[D]How to go on exploring space.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,探索太空确实有诸多好处,由此推知,下文应就如何去探索太空展开论述。故选D。
(　　)5.What did help the research and development of different types of new material
[A]Space technologies.
[B]Many weather satellites.
[C]Excellent astronauts.
[D]Billions of dollars and lots of time.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For example...different types of new material.”可知,太空技术帮助人类研发了不同类型的新材料。故选A。
(　　)6.Which one of the followings can’t be learnt about according to this passage
[A]Scores of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns.
[B]Most people argue that we’d stop wasting time and money exploring space.
[C]Space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries.
[D]Human beings may live on both planets someday.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知,some和B项中的most矛盾,B项无法从文中得知。故选B。
(　　)7.What does the underlined phrase “In closing” in the last paragraph mean
[A]Most importantly.
[B]In addition.
[C]To conclude.
[D]What’s worse.
【答案】 C
【解析】 猜测短语题。根据第二、第三、第四段逐项列举探索太空的好处可知,最后一段是对上文进行总结,由此推测In closing意为“最后”。故选C。
C
　　In the scientific history,few rivalries(竞争) have captured the imagination like the one between Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison.These two inventors,each with their unique approaches and visions,engaged in a fierce competition that forever transformed the world of electricity and innovation.
The paths of Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison first crossed in the late 1800s when Tesla arrived in the United States with his boundless enthusiasm and inventive spirit.Tesla,a young Serbian engineer,sought opportunities to work on his ambitious ideas.Edison,already an established inventor and entrepreneur,recognised Tesla’s talent and employed him at his company.
It was during Tesla’s time working for Edison that the seeds of rivalry were sown.Edison advocated direct current (DC) as the dominant method for electrical distribution,while Tesla saw the potential of alternating current (AC) systems,which offered greater efficiency over longer distances.
The turning point in their rivalry occurred with the Chicago World’s Fair in 1893.Tesla,backed by George Westinghouse,successfully showcased the superiority of AC by lighting the fairgrounds with his AC-powered system.This success crushed Edison’s claims of DC’s superiority,leading to the widespread adoption of AC as the standard for electrical power transmission (传输).
However,due to Edison’s influence,AC power was initially dismissed as dangerous and unreliable.In order to demonstrate its safety,Tesla held a public demonstration where he famously lit up a string of lights using his AC motor powered by Niagara Falls,proving once and for all that AC power was safe for use in homes and businesses around the world.
While both sides fought fiercely for control of electricity distribution networks across America,it was ultimately Tesla’s AC system that won out due to its greater efficiency over long distances compared with DC systems which quickly lost voltage (电压) as distance increased from their source point.Eventually even Edison himself came around and accepted defeat when he finally admitted that “Tesla has solved an extremely difficult problem”.
Despite their differences,the two men had an unwilling respect for each other.Edison was known to refer to Tesla as “one of the greatest electrical geniuses the world has ever seen” while Tesla praised Edison’s contributions to the field of electricity.Though their rivalry defined the development of electricity in the late 19th century,its impact still resonates (产生共鸣) today.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。通过讲述尼古拉·特斯拉(Nikola Tesla)和托马斯·爱迪生(Thomas Edison)之间的竞争故事,详细说明了这两位发明家在电力创新领域所产生的影响以及他们各自的技术观点。
(　　)8.In which aspect did Tesla’s and Edison’s views on electrical systems differ
[A]The source of electrical power.
[B]The invention of electrical devices.
[C]The efficiency of power generation.
[D]The method of electrical transmission.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,正是在特斯拉为爱迪生工作的那段时间里,竞争的种子播下了。爱迪生主张将直流电(DC)作为主要的配电方式,而特斯拉则看到了交流电(AC)系统的潜力,交流电可以在更远的距离上提供更高的效率,由此可知,特斯拉和爱迪生在电力的传输方式方面有所不同。故选D。
(　　)9.How did Tesla prove the reliability of AC power
[A]By conducting a public experiment at Niagara Falls.
[B]By displaying AC-powered lighting in a community.
[C]By getting support from George Westinghouse.
[D]By highlighting the limitations of DC power.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段内容可知,为了证明交流电的安全性,特斯拉举行了一次公开演示,他用尼亚加拉大瀑布供电的交流电机点亮了一串灯,从而彻底证明了交流电在世界各地的家庭和企业中使用是安全的,由此可知,特斯拉通过在尼亚加拉大瀑布进行公开实验来证明交流电的可靠性。故选A。
(　　)10.Why did Tesla’s AC system finally achieve success
[A]It provided higher voltage outputs.
[B]It was easier to operate and maintain.
[C]It had superior long-range performance.
[D]It received more financial backing.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,虽然双方都在为控制美国各地的配电网络而激烈竞争,但最终特斯拉的交流电系统胜出,因为与直流电系统相比,它在长距离上的效率更高,而直流电系统随着距离源点的增加而迅速失去电压。最后,连爱迪生自己也接受了失败,他终于承认“特斯拉解决了一个极其困难的问题”。由此可知,是因交流电系统具有优越的远程性能,所以最终取得了成功。故选C。
(　　)11.What message does the author want to convey in the text
[A]Every cloud has a silver lining.
[B]Real knowledge comes from practice.
[C]A rising tide lifts all boats.
[D]Rivalry fuels progress.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段内容及最后一段可知,文章主要讲述了尼古拉·特斯拉和托马斯·爱迪生之间的竞争改变世界的电力发展,所以作者想在文章中传达的是竞争推动进步的观点。故选D。Using Language,AssessingYour Progress,Video Time
写作词汇
1.cast　　　　　 vt.投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等);投掷
2.shadow n.阴影;影子;背光处
3.pour vt.倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料)
4.trace vt.追溯;追踪;查出
n.痕迹;遗迹;踪迹
5.outstanding adj.优秀的;杰出的;明显的
6.abstract adj.抽象的;理论上的
n.(文献等的)摘要
7.besides prep.除……之外(还)
adv.而且;此外
8.furthermore adv.此外;再者
9.shift n.改变;转换;轮班
vi.& vt.转移;挪动;转向
阅读词汇
1.rainbow　　　 n.彩虹
2.concrete n.混凝土
adj.混凝土制的;确实的;具体的
3.plasma n.血浆
4.aerospace n.航空航天工业
5.patriotic adj.爱国的
6.aviation n.航空制造业;航空;飞行
7.jet n.喷气式飞机
8.missile n.导弹
9.concept n.概念;观念
10.astronomy n.天文学
11.vivid adj.生动的;鲜明的;丰富的
拓展词汇
1.defend vt.保卫;防守;辩解→defence n.防御;辩护;保卫→defensive adj.防御的;自卫的
2.assistant n.助理;助手→assist v.帮助;协助;援助→assistance n.援助;帮助;支持
3.leadership n.领导;领导地位;领导才能→lead v.领导;导致;引导(某人)→leader n.领导者;首领
4.gifted adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的→gift n.礼物;赠品;天赋
5.steady adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的→steadily adv.稳步地;稳定地;持续地
6.fault n.弱点;过错→faulty adj.有错误的;有缺陷的
7.mechanic n.机械师;机械修理工→mechanical adj.机械的;发动机的;机器的
8.astronomer n.天文学家 →astronomy n.天文学
重点词块
1.have an impact on　　 对……有影响
2.break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发
3.in charge of 主管;掌管
4.under one’s leadership 在某人的领导下
5.be familiar with 熟悉……
6.come down with 患(病);染上(小病)
7.point out 指出
8.be willing to do 愿意做……
9.above all 最重要的是;尤其是
重点句型
1.Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.(“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义)
也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。
2.He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.(not only...but also...)
他受到了家乡人民英雄般的欢迎,受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。
3.Under Qian’s leadership,China developed the Dongfeng missiles,followed by the first generation of Long March rockets.(过去分词作伴随状语)
在钱学森的领导下,中国研制出了“东风”导弹,紧接着又研制出第一代“长征”系列火箭。
4.Besides being brilliant,he was brave,though sometimes careless in what he said or did.(what引导的宾语从句)
除了才华横溢,他还是一个勇敢的人,尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。
5.However,what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things,such as music and drawing.(what引导的主语从句)
然而,他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家,可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与社会——科学与科学家。
2.语篇类型:人物传记。
3.课文内容分析
　　文章按照时间顺序概述了钱学森的一生,重点介绍了他回国后克服困难,在航天科技领域所做的开创性工作,文末还提及他广泛的爱好,以及这些爱好对他开展科学研究的积极影响。学习本文,有利于学生了解科学家的重要贡献及其高尚品格,并深入理解科学精神的内涵。
多维解读·浅析结构
【答案】 1.Introduction　2.accomplishments　3.pursuit　4.combination
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.Why did Qian Xuesen change his major to aviation
[A]Because he was not interested in his former major.
[B]Because he could get a well-paid job in the future.
[C]Because he felt it his duty to help his homeland.
[D]Because the country asked him to do so.
(　　)2.What made Qian Xuesen so creative and outstanding according to the text
[A]His strong interest in art like music and drawing.
[B]His research in the United States.
[C]His friends’ encouragement.
[D]His habit of reading a lot.
(　　)3.How long did Qian Xuesen stay in the United States
[A]About 15 years. [B]About 20 years.
[C]About 25 years. [D]About 30 years.
(　　)4.Which words can be used to describe the nature of Hawking according to the second passage
[A]Brave and careful. [B]Determined and brilliant.
[C]Careless and disabled. [D]Learned and humorous.
【答案】 1.C　2.A　3.B　4.B
1.break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发
[教材原句] However,after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932,Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
不过,1932年淞沪抗战爆发后,钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家,因此决定改学航空专业。
例 Never break in while others are talking.
别人说话时不要插话。
例 Sometimes unexpected things may break out in this area.
在这一领域,有时会发生意想不到的事情。
例 Our car broke down and we had to draw it to a garage.
我们的车坏了,我们不得不把它拖到修车厂。
break in 插话;破门而入 break into 强行闯入;突然开始 break through 突破;冲破;克服;战胜 break up 破碎;结束;(关系等)破裂 break away from 突然挣脱/脱离 break down 出故障;坏掉;失败;(身体等)垮掉;消除
[词语辨析]
take place、break out、come about、happen、occur
take place意为“发生、举行、举办”,一般指非偶然性事件的发生,即这种事件有事先的安排。
break out意为“发生、爆发”,常指战争、灾难、疾病或争吵等事件的发生。
come about意为“发生、产生”,多指事情已经发生了,但还不知道为什么,常用于疑问句和否定句。
happen意为“发生”,一般用于偶然或突发性事件,还有“碰巧”之意。
occur意为“发生、想到、突然想起”,其意义相当于happen。
break out、happen、occur、take place等动词(短语)表示“发生”,是不及物动词用法,没有被动语态。
　[语境运用] 用break的相关短语填空/完成句子
Only then did he realise it was ridiculous of him to 　　　　　　　　 his friends and never contact them.
The two good friends 　　　　　　　　 in an argument over a small matter.
Our study group 　　　　　　　　 due to time conflicts among members.
(应用文写作之建议信)第二,定期锻炼。如果你不重视定期锻炼,你的身体会垮掉。
Second,exercise regularly.If you don’t pay attention to regular exercise,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
【答案】 break away from　 broke out　 broke up　 your body will break down
2.defend vt.保卫;防守;辩解
·defence n.防御;辩护;保卫
·defensive adj.防御的;自卫的
[教材原句] However,after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932,Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
不过,1932年淞沪抗战爆发后,钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家,因此决定改学航空专业。
例 (应用文写作之推荐信)The dam was built to defend the road from being washed away by the sea.
建筑这座堤坝是为了保护公路不被海水冲垮。
例 He wrote an essay in defence of endangered animals against illegal hunting.
他写了一篇论文,为濒危动物辩护,反对非法狩猎。
·defend...from/against (doing...) 保护……免受…… defend oneself 自卫 ·in defence (of)保护;为了保卫;(为……)辩护 in one’s defence为某人辩护;站在某人一边
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Some students use humour as a 　　　　(defend) mechanism to cope with stress.
The Great Wall was built from the Qin Dynasty and its purpose was to defend their own territories 　　　　 the invasion.
(读后续写之动作链描写)为保护自己,迈克跳下自行车,抓起自行车,用尽全身的力气把它扔向狼。
Mike jumped off the bike,seized the bike and threw it at the wolf with all his strength 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
在辩论赛中,当我的队友的观点受到质疑时,我坚定地站在他的一边。
During the debate competition,when my teammate’s viewpoint was questioned,I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
【答案】 defensive　 from/against　 to defend himself　 stood firm in his defence
3.assistant n.助理;助手
·assistance n.援助;帮助
·assist v.帮助;协助;援助
[教材原句] As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s,Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion...
二十世纪三十年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理时,钱学森协助开展火箭推进方面的重要研究工作……
例 With the assistance of social media apps,we can get to know more people.
在社交媒体软件的帮助下,我们可以认识更多人。
例 He asked us to assist him in carrying out their plan.
他要我们帮助他实施他们的计划。
例 As a teaching assistant,she often helps students with their after-class questions.
作为教学助理,她经常帮助学生解答课后问题。
·an assistant to... ……的助手 ·assist sb in doing sth/to do sth 帮助某人做某事 assist sb in/with sth 在某方面帮助某人 ·with the assistance of...在……的帮助下 come to one’s assistance 来帮助某人
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(话题写作之学校生活)The teacher shares his phone number with the students in case they need his 　　　　 (assist).
We will do our best to assist you　　　　 (handle) this problem.
我聘请了一位学习助理来帮助我制订学习计划。
I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 me make learning plans.
【答案】 assistance　 to handle　 hired a study assistant to help
4.in charge of主管;掌管
[教材原句] He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.
他受到了家乡人民英雄般的欢迎,受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。
例 The department was badly organised until she took charge of it.
这个部门在她负责之前组织得很糟糕。
例 I’ll be in charge of the whole gallery next week when the director is away.
下周主任不在时,我将负责整个画廊。
例 Going to public concerts is often free of charge.
去听公开的音乐会通常是免费的。
·in the charge of 由……负责;被……掌管/负责…… take charge of 掌管/负责(表动作) free of charge 免费 ·charge (sb) for sth 为……(向某人)收费/要价 charge sb with (doing) sth 指控某人做某事
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The column of the newspaper is in 　　　　 charge of Mr Green.
The boss charged us five hundred yuan　　　　 the electrical appliance.
(应用文写作之活动安排)作为学生会主席,我被委派负责你在我们学校期间的所有活动。
As chairman of the Student Union,I was appointed 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 during your stay in our school.
【答案】 the　 for　 to take charge of arranging all the activities/to be in charge of arranging all the activities
The man in charge of/taking charge of the activity said that the tickets were free of charge.In other words,they wouldn’t charge us for the tickets.
负责这一活动的那名男子说这些票是免费的,也就是说,他们不会向我们收票钱。
5.come down with 患(病);染上(小病)
[教材原句] Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles,his world became one of abstract thought.
他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力,他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。
例 The weather has turned colder recently,and I accidentally came down with a cold.
最近天气转凉,我不小心感冒了。
例 I came across my former English teacher in the street yesterday.
我昨天在街上遇到了我以前的英语老师。
例 He could not come up with a proper answer.
他想不出一个合适的回答。
come across 偶然遇见;偶然发现;被理解 come about 发生(无被动形式) come on 加油;上场;得了吧 come out 出版;开花;显示 when it comes to... 当涉及某事(或做某事)时 come up with 找到/提出某事(物) come into effect 开始生效
[语境运用] 用come的相关短语完成句子
(应用文写作之活动介绍)在社团活动中,我遇到了一个难题,但最终我想出了一个解决办法。
During club activities,I 　　　　　　　　 a problem,but eventually I 　　　　　　　　 a solution.
(读后续写之情感描写)得知他的伙伴得了严重的疾病,他的心揪成一团,焦急地冲向医院。
Aware that his partner　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he had knots in his heart and rushed to the hospital anxiously.
【答案】 came across;came up with　 came down with a serious disease
6.above all最重要的是;尤其是
[教材原句] Above all,Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
最重要的是,霍金敢于承认自己的错误。
例 (应用文写作之演讲稿)In school,we may face many challenges,but above all,we should strive to be the best version of ourselves.
在学校里,我们可能会面临许多挑战,但最重要的是要努力成为最好的自己。
例 After all,every failure is a step towards success,and we should learn from our mistakes to grow stronger.
毕竟,每次失败都是迈向成功的一步,我们应该从错误中学习,变得更强。
例 All in all,my high school experience has been incredibly rewarding,with many opportunities for growth and self-discovery.
总的说来,我的高中经历非常有意义,有很多成长和自我发现的机会。
not at all 一点也不;完全(不) after all 毕竟;终究 first of all 首先(强调顺序) in all 总共;共计 all in all 从各方面考虑;总的说来
[语境运用] 用all的相关短语填空/完成句子
(应用文写作之演讲稿)　　　　　　　　　　,we need to clarify our learning objectives.　　　　　　　　,that is the direction of our efforts.　　　　　　　　,we must enjoy the learning process.　　　　　　　　,with continuous effort,we can achieve excellent grades in our studies.
(读后续写之情感描写)我对演讲比赛一点也不紧张,因为我对自己的能力有信心。
I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,because I was confident in my abilities.
【答案】 First of all;After all;Above all;All in all
wasn’t nervous about the speech competition at all
not only...but (also)...不但……而且……
[教材原句] He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.
他受到了家乡人民英雄般的欢迎,受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。
例　(应用文写作之活动介绍)From this voluntary activity,not only did I broaden my horizons but also I gained valuable experience.
通过这次志愿活动,我不仅开阔了视野,而且获得了宝贵的经验。
例　Not only does he have a clever mind,he is a very hard worker.
他不仅有着聪明的头脑,而且工作很努力。(省略了but also)
not only...but also... 不但……而且……,连接两个平行结构。当连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词要根据but also后的名词决定单复数(就近原则);当连接两个并列分句,且not only位于句首时,not only后面的句子要用部分倒装,but also后面的句子不倒装。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
Not only 　　　　 it give us relaxation but it also got us closer to nature.
Not only I but also Tom 　　　　 (be) responsible for the task.
(应用文写作之活动介绍)通过这次活动,我们不仅获得了园艺知识,而且对大自然有了更好的了解。
→We 　 nature from this activity.
→ 　 from this activity.(倒装)
【答案】 did　 is　 not only gained knowledge of gardening but also had a better understanding of;Not only did we gain knowledge of gardening but also had a better understanding of nature
what引导的主语从句
[教材原句] However,what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things,such as music and drawing.
然而,他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家,可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。
例　What I’m most interested in is how to learn English well.
我最感兴趣的是如何学好英语。
例　What I’m trying to figure out is how to balance study and entertainment.
我正在努力弄清楚的是如何平衡学习和娱乐。
·what在此句中引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语。 ·what引导名词性从句时,在从句中充当句子成分(主要作主语、表语和宾语),可以有多种意思:……的东西或事情;……的人或样子;……的数量或数目;……的时间;……的地方。
[语境运用] 完成句子
I wonder 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(老师会讲什么)in tomorrow’s lecture.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(最困扰我的是)what major I should choose.
The problem is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(我们能做什么来提高成绩).
【答案】 what the teacher will talk about　 What bothers me most is　 what we can do to improve our grades
[教材原句] However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932,Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
尝试分析:本句为主从复合句。主句为Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation, 是after引导的时间状语从句, 是because引导的原因状语从句, 是that引导的宾语从句。其中to protect and defend the country为动词不定式短语作目的状语。
自主翻译:不过,1932年淞沪抗战爆发后,钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家,因此决定改学航空专业。
　[语境运用] 情境写作
不过,1938年武汉会战爆发后,李意识到中国迫切需要熟练的医生来救治和挽救生命,因此决定改学医学专业。
However,after the Battle of Wuhan erupted in 1938,Li decided to change her major to medicine because she recognised that China desperately needed skilled doctors to treat and save lives.
写作微专题1　Write an opinion essay about the scientific spirit
1.文体类型:介绍某位科学家以及其科学精神,属于夹叙夹议文的范畴。
2.要点内容:
(1)要求就科学家的精神进行分析并针对科学家的生活、工作和学习发生的故事发表自己的看法。
(2)文章应有一定的人物描写,主要是介绍某位科学家的基本信息及其事迹。
[思路指引]
1.描写人物概况常用句式。
Born on 28 December 1989, she later became a good teacher of whom students are fond.
×××,the daughter of a poor family, was born on 28 December 1989.
2.描写人物外貌,性格常用句式。
××× is a near-sighted boy with a pair of glasses on his nose.
××× is good-looking with long hair.
3.描写人物生平常用句式。
Not only is ××× interested in science but also he has a gift/talent for music.
××× sets a new world record of swimming, which makes a great contribution to China.
4.描写人物评价常用句式。
××× sets us a good example, so all the people speak highly of him.
××× is one of the greatest novelists in China and will be remembered as an outstanding man forever.
请你根据下面的提示,用英语对屠呦呦作简单介绍。
1.屠呦呦是我国杰出的药学家(pharmacologist)。由于发现了青蒿素(artemisinin),她获得了2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
2.1930年12月30日出生于宁波,1951年考入北京大学医学院。毕业后,她全身心投入到重症疟疾(malaria)的研究中。在她的带领下,她的团队发现了青蒿素,这对彻底治愈疟疾具有重要意义。
3.屠呦呦的发现挽救了数百万人的生命,所有的中国人都为她感到骄傲。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　　　 幸亏;由于
2.　　　　　　　　 n.领导;领导地位;领导才能
3.　　　　　　　　 adj.优秀的;杰出的;明显的
4.　　　　　　　　 患(病)
5.　　　　　　　　 最终地;彻底地
6.　　　　　　　　 adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的
【答案】 1.thanks to　2.leadership　3.outstanding　4.come down with　5.once and for all　6.severe
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.屠呦呦是中国杰出的药学家。
2.由于发现了青蒿素,她获得了2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
3.她1930年12月30日出生于宁波,1955年毕业于北京大学。
4.毕业后,她全身心投入到治疗疟疾的研究中,疟疾是当时许多人容易感染的一种严重疾病。(which引导非限性定语从句)
5.在她的带领下,她的团队发现了青蒿素,这对于彻底治愈疟疾具有重要意义。
6.由于屠呦呦的发现,数百万人的生命得以拯救。
7.她的发现被视为对人类健康的重大贡献。
8.我们全体中国人都为她感到骄傲。
【答案】 1.Tu Youyou is an outstanding pharmacologist in China.
2.She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of artemisinin in 2015.
3.She was born in Ningbo on 30 December in 1930 and she graduated from Peking University in 1955.
4.After graduation,she devoted all her efforts to the research in treating malaria,which was a severe disease many people came down with easily at that time.
5.Under her leadership,her team discovered artemisinin,which is of great significance for curing malaria once and for all.
6.Thanks to Tu’s discovery,millions of lives have been saved.
7.Her discovery is seen as a big contribution to the human health.
8.All of us Chinese are proud of her.
1.将第1句和第2句用同位语进行改写升级。
2.将第3句用分词作状语进行改写升级。
3.将第7句和第8句用such...that...引导的结果状语从句进行改写升级。
【答案】 1.Tu Youyou,an outstanding pharmacologist in China,was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of artemisinin in 2015.
2.Born in Ningbo on 30 December in 1930,she graduated from Peking University in 1955.
3.Her discovery is seen as such a big contribution to the human health that all of us Chinese are proud of her.
Tu Youyou,an outstanding pharmacologist in China,was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of artemisinin in 2015.
Born in Ningbo on 30 December in 1930,she graduated from Peking University in 1955.After graduation,she devoted all her efforts to the research in treating malaria,which was a severe disease many people came down with easily at that time.Under her leadership,her team discovered artemisinin,which is of great significance for curing malaria once and for all.
Thanks to Tu’s discovery,millions of lives have been saved.Her discovery is seen as such a big contribution to the human health that all of us Chinese are proud of her.
假设你是红星中学的李华,你的外国笔友Eric看到了有关中国天眼的报道,想了解中国天眼之父南仁东教授的情况,请你根据以下提示,给Eric回复一封电子邮件。
姓名 南仁东
出生及教育 生于1945年,毕业于清华大学
人物事迹 1994年他开始筹建FAST项目,2016年该项目在贵州落成启用;2017年他因癌症去世
人物评价 有天赋,爱国,具有高度的科学精神和责任感
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
参考词语:天眼 the Eye of Heaven
Dear Eric,
Glad to hear from you.
Yours,
Li Hua
One possible version:
Dear Eric,
Glad to hear from you.I’d like to introduce to you one of the great scientists—Nan Rendong.
Nan Rendong was born in 1945.For his brilliant performance,he was admitted into Tsinghua University.From the year 1994 on,he was in charge of the building of the project FAST.After 22 years’ hard work,the telescope was finally set up and put into use in Guizhou.To our pity,he passed away because of cancer a year later.
Gifted and patriotic,Nan,with great scientific spirit and responsibility,was regarded as one of the most outstanding scientists in China.It is because of his perseverance that China owns the unique project,the Eye of Heaven.
Yours,
Li Hua
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写微 技能之“点” 情感描写 frustrated adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的　never lost his desire 从未失去他的愿望　be determined to do 下定决心去做　suspect vt.&vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任　patriotic adj.爱国的　discourage sb 使某人灰心
动作描写 show how it could be overcome展示如何克服　attend to 关怀;照料;处理　mark on a map在地图上标记　take on the challenge 接受挑战
人物描写 a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” 具有伟大科学思想和科学精神的人 an extremely well-respected man 备受尊敬的人 outstanding adj.优秀的;杰出的;明显的 one of the most famous and gifted scientists 最著名和最有天赋的科学家之一
读后续写微 技能之“线” As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.(情感描写) When he was asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles ”,his reply was a determined “Why not We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.”(语言描写) Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable,especially in the area of frontier science research.(人物描写) Hawking was willing to admit his faults.This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries.(结尾升华句)
读后续写微 技能之“面” 读后续写——战胜自我 在比赛中失利,李明感到沮丧,但他从未失去对胜利的渴望。他曾怀疑过自己的天赋。但是,他很快下定决心证明自己,夜以继日地处理着比赛的每个细节。最终,他凭借出色的表现赢得了比赛,证明了自己的实力,也重拾了自信。 Defeated in the competition,Li Ming 1.　　　　　　　　,but he 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.He 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,but he soon was determined to prove himself,4.　　　　　　　　 every detail of the contest day and night.Ultimately,he won the competition with 5.　　　　　　　　 ,proved his ability and regained his confidence. 【答案】 1.felt frustrated　2.never lost his desire to win　3.once suspected his talent　4.attending to　5.an outstanding performance
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.severe adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的→severely adv.十分严重地;严肃地;严厉地
2.frustrated adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的→frustration n.沮丧;挫败→frustrating adj.令人沮丧的;令人懊恼的
3.subscribe vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)→subscription n.(报刊等的)订阅费,(定期)服务费;订阅;订购→subscriber n.订阅人,订购者;消费者;用户;定期捐助者
4.infection n.感染;传染→infect vt.使感染;传染→infectious adj.感染的;传染性的;有感染力的→infected adj.受(有害细菌、病毒等)感染的
5.pure adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的→purely adv.完全地→purify vt.净化;使(某物)洁净
6.transform vt.使改观;使改变形态 vi.改变;转变→transformation n.(彻底的)变化,转变,改革
7.initial adj最初的;开始的;第一的→initially adv.起初;开始时
8.defend vt.保卫;防守;辩解→defence n.防御;辩护;保卫→defensive adj.防御的;自卫的
9.assistant n.助理;助手→assist v.帮助;协助;援助→assistance n.援助;帮助;支持
10.gifted adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的→gift n.礼物;赠品;天赋
11.steady adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的→steadily adv.稳步地;稳定地;持续地
Ⅱ.重点词块
1.die from　　　　　　　死于
2.attend to 关怀;照料;处理
3.in general 一般而言
4.subscribe to 同意;赞同
5.be determined to do 决心做……
6.be to blame 对(坏事)负有责任
7.be likely to do 很可能做……
8.tireless efforts 不懈的努力
9.have an impact on 对……有影响
10.break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发
11.in charge of 主管;掌管
12.under one’s leadership 在某人的领导下
e down with 患(病);染上(小病)
14.point out 指出
15.above all 最重要的是;尤其是
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.“疑问词+不定式”结构
As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera(如何预防和治疗霍乱).
句式仿写
They are discussing where to go for the school trip(学校旅行去哪里).
2.where引导的定语从句
Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived(所有死者住所的确切位置).
句式仿写
I remember the lecture hall where the famous professor gave a speech(那位著名教授发表演讲的演讲厅) last year.
3.what引导的主语从句
However,what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist(他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家) was probably his strong interest in other things,such as music and drawing.
句式仿写
What makes her a great teacher(使她成为一名优秀老师) is her ability to explain complex concepts clearly.(共117张PPT)
Using Language,AssessingYour
Progress,Video Time
Part 2
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. 　　　　　 vt.投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等);投掷
2. n.阴影;影子;背光处
3. vt.倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料)
4. vt.追溯;追踪;查出
n.痕迹;遗迹;踪迹
写作词汇
cast
shadow
pour
trace
5. adj.优秀的;杰出的;明显的
6. adj.抽象的;理论上的
n.(文献等的)摘要
7. prep.除……之外(还)
adv.而且;此外
8. adv.此外;再者
9. n.改变;转换;轮班
vi.& vt.转移;挪动;转向
outstanding
abstract
besides
furthermore
shift
1.rainbow　　　 n.
2.concrete n.
adj.
3.plasma n.
4.aerospace n.
5.patriotic adj.
阅读词汇
彩虹
混凝土
混凝土制的;确实的;具体的
血浆
航空航天工业
爱国的
6.aviation n.
7.jet n.
8.missile n.
9.concept n.
10.astronomy n.
11.vivid adj.
航空制造业;航空;飞行
喷气式飞机
导弹
概念;观念
天文学
生动的;鲜明的;丰富的
拓展词汇
1. vt.保卫;防守;辩解→defence n.防御;辩护;保卫→defensive adj.防御的;自卫的
2. n.助理;助手→assist v.帮助;协助;援助→assistance n.援助;帮助;支持
3. n.领导;领导地位;领导才能→lead v.领导;导致;引导(某人)→
leader n.领导者;首领
4. adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的→gift n.礼物;赠品;天赋
defend
assistant
leadership
gifted
5. adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的→steadily adv.稳步地;稳定地;持续地
6. n.弱点;过错→faulty adj.有错误的;有缺陷的
7. n.机械师;机械修理工→mechanical adj.机械的;发动机的;机器的
8. n.天文学家 →astronomy n.天文学
steady
fault
mechanic
astronomer
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.have an impact on　　
2.break out
3.in charge of
4.under one’s leadership
5.be familiar with
对……有影响
(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发
主管;掌管
在某人的领导下
熟悉……
6.come down with
7.point out
8.be willing to do
9.above all
患(病);染上(小病)
指出
愿意做……
最重要的是;尤其是
重点句型
1.Perhaps scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science Qian Xuesen.(“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义)
也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。
no other
than
2.He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of developing China’s rocket science its space and missile programme.(not only...but also...)
他受到了家乡人民英雄般的欢迎,受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。
not only
but also
3.Under Qian’s leadership,China developed the Dongfeng missiles,
.(过去分词作伴随状语)
在钱学森的领导下,中国研制出了“东风”导弹,紧接着又研制出第一代“长征”系列火箭。
4.Besides being brilliant,he was brave,though sometimes careless in
.(what引导的宾语从句)
除了才华横溢,他还是一个勇敢的人,尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。
followed by the first generation of Long March rockets
what he said or did
5.However,
was probably his strong interest in other things,such as music and drawing.(what引导的主语从句)
然而,他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家,可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。
what might have made him such an outstanding and creative
scientist
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与社会——科学与科学家。
2.语篇类型:人物传记。
3.课文内容分析
文章按照时间顺序概述了钱学森的一生,重点介绍了他回国后克服困难,在航天科技领域所做的开创性工作,文末还提及他广泛的爱好,以及这些爱好对他开展科学研究的积极影响。学习本文,有利于学生了解科学家的重要贡献及其高尚品格,并深入理解科学精神的内涵。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
Introduction
accomplishments
pursuit
combination
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.Why did Qian Xuesen change his major to aviation
[A]Because he was not interested in his former major.
[B]Because he could get a well-paid job in the future.
[C]Because he felt it his duty to help his homeland.
[D]Because the country asked him to do so.
C
(　　)2.What made Qian Xuesen so creative and outstanding according to the text
[A]His strong interest in art like music and drawing.
[B]His research in the United States.
[C]His friends’ encouragement.
[D]His habit of reading a lot.
A
(　　)3.How long did Qian Xuesen stay in the United States
[A]About 15 years.
[B]About 20 years.
[C]About 25 years.
[D]About 30 years.
B
(　　)4.Which words can be used to describe the nature of Hawking according to the second passage
[A]Brave and careful.
[B]Determined and brilliant.
[C]Careless and disabled.
[D]Learned and humorous.
B
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发
[教材原句] However,after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932,Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
不过,1932年淞沪抗战爆发后,钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家,因此决定改学航空专业。
例 Never break in while others are talking.
别人说话时不要插话。
break in 插话;破门而入
例 Sometimes unexpected things may break out in this area.
在这一领域,有时会发生意想不到的事情。
例 Our car broke down and we had to draw it to a garage.
我们的车坏了,我们不得不把它拖到修车厂。
break down 出故障;坏掉;失败;(身体等)垮掉;消除
归纳拓展
break in 插话;破门而入
break into 强行闯入;突然开始
break through 突破;冲破;克服;战胜
break up 破碎;结束;(关系等)破裂
break away from 突然挣脱/脱离
break down 出故障;坏掉;失败;(身体等)垮掉;消除
[词语辨析]
take place、break out、come about、happen、occur
take place意为“发生、举行、举办”,一般指非偶然性事件的发生,即这种事件有事先的安排。
break out意为“发生、爆发”,常指战争、灾难、疾病或争吵等事件的发生。
come about意为“发生、产生”,多指事情已经发生了,但还不知道为什么,常用于疑问句和否定句。
happen意为“发生”,一般用于偶然或突发性事件,还有“碰巧”之意。
occur意为“发生、想到、突然想起”,其意义相当于happen。
温馨提示
break out、happen、occur、take place等动词(短语)表示“发生”,是不及物动词用法,没有被动语态。
[语境运用] 用break的相关短语填空/完成句子
Only then did he realise it was ridiculous of him to 　　　　　　　　 his friends and never contact them.
The two good friends 　　　　　　 　　 in an argument over a small matter.
Our study group 　　　　　　 due to time conflicts among members.
break away from
broke out
broke up
(应用文写作之建议信)第二,定期锻炼。如果你不重视定期锻炼,你的身体会垮掉。
Second,exercise regularly.If you don’t pay attention to regular exercise,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
your body will break down
2.defend vt.保卫;防守;辩解
·defence n.防御;辩护;保卫
·defensive adj.防御的;自卫的
[教材原句] However,after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932,Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
不过,1932年淞沪抗战爆发后,钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家,因此决定改学航空专业。
例 (应用文写作之推荐信)The dam was built to defend the road from being washed away by the sea.
建筑这座堤坝是为了保护公路不被海水冲垮。
defend...from/against (doing...)
保护……免受……
例 He wrote an essay in defence of endangered animals against illegal hunting.
他写了一篇论文,为濒危动物辩护,反对非法狩猎。
in defence (of)保护;为了保卫;(为……)辩护
归纳拓展
·defend...from/against (doing...)
保护……免受……
defend oneself 自卫
·in defence (of)保护;为了保卫;(为……)辩护
in one’s defence为某人辩护;站在某人一边
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Some students use humour as a 　　　 　(defend) mechanism to cope with stress.
The Great Wall was built from the Qin Dynasty and its purpose was to defend their own territories 　　　 　 the invasion.
defensive
from/against
(读后续写之动作链描写)为保护自己,迈克跳下自行车,抓起自行车,用尽全身的力气把它扔向狼。
Mike jumped off the bike,seized the bike and threw it at the wolf with all his strength 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
to defend himself
在辩论赛中,当我的队友的观点受到质疑时,我坚定地站在他的一边。
During the debate competition,when my teammate’s viewpoint was questioned,I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
stood firm in his defence
3.assistant n.助理;助手
·assistance n.援助;帮助
·assist v.帮助;协助;援助
[教材原句] As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s,Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion...
二十世纪三十年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理时,钱学森协助开展火箭推进方面的重要研究工作……
例 With the assistance of social media apps,we can get to know more people.
在社交媒体软件的帮助下,我们可以认识更多人。
with the assistance of...在……的帮助下
例 He asked us to assist him in carrying out their plan.
他要我们帮助他实施他们的计划。
assist sb in doing sth/to do sth 帮助某人做某事
例 As a teaching assistant,she often helps students with their after-class questions.
作为教学助理,她经常帮助学生解答课后问题。
归纳拓展
·an assistant to... ……的助手
·assist sb in doing sth/to do sth 帮助某人做某事
assist sb in/with sth 在某方面帮助某人
·with the assistance of...在……的帮助下
come to one’s assistance 来帮助某人
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(话题写作之学校生活)The teacher shares his phone number with the students in case they need his 　　 　　 (assist).
We will do our best to assist you　 　　　 (handle) this problem.
我聘请了一位学习助理来帮助我制订学习计划。
I 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 me make learning plans.
assistance
to handle
hired a study assistant to help
4.in charge of主管;掌管
[教材原句] He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.
他受到了家乡人民英雄般的欢迎,受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。
例 The department was badly organised until she took charge of it.
这个部门在她负责之前组织得很糟糕。
take charge of 掌管/负责(表动作)
例 I’ll be in charge of the whole gallery next week when the director is away.
下周主任不在时,我将负责整个画廊。
例 Going to public concerts is often free of charge.
去听公开的音乐会通常是免费的。
free of charge 免费
归纳拓展
·in the charge of 由……负责;被……掌管/负责……
take charge of 掌管/负责(表动作)
free of charge 免费
·charge (sb) for sth 为……(向某人)收费/要价
charge sb with (doing) sth 指控某人做某事
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The column of the newspaper is in 　　　　 charge of Mr Green.
The boss charged us five hundred yuan　　　　 the electrical appliance.
(应用文写作之活动安排)作为学生会主席,我被委派负责你在我们学校期间的所有活动。
As chairman of the Student Union,I was appointed
during your stay in our school.
the
for
to take charge of
arranging all the activities/to be in charge of arranging all the activities
语
境
串
词
The man in charge of/taking charge of the activity said that the tickets were free of charge.In other words,they wouldn’t charge us for the tickets.
负责这一活动的那名男子说这些票是免费的,也就是说,他们不会向我们收票钱。
5.come down with 患(病);染上(小病)
[教材原句] Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles,his world became one of abstract thought.
他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力,他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的
世界。
例 The weather has turned colder recently,and I accidentally came down with a cold.
最近天气转凉,我不小心感冒了。
例 I came across my former English teacher in the street yesterday.
我昨天在街上遇到了我以前的英语老师。
come across 偶然遇见;偶然发现;被理解
例 He could not come up with a proper answer.
他想不出一个合适的回答。
come up with 找到/提出某事(物)
归纳拓展
come across 偶然遇见;偶然发现;被理解
come about 发生(无被动形式)
come on 加油;上场;得了吧
come out 出版;开花;显示
when it comes to... 当涉及某事(或做某事)时
come up with 找到/提出某事(物)
come into effect 开始生效
[语境运用] 用come的相关短语完成句子
(应用文写作之活动介绍)在社团活动中,我遇到了一个难题,但最终我想出了一个解决办法。
During club activities,I 　　　　 　　　　 a problem,but eventually I
　　　　　 　　　 a solution.
came across
came up with
(读后续写之情感描写)得知他的伙伴得了严重的疾病,他的心揪成一团,焦急地冲向医院。
Aware that his partner　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he had knots in his heart and rushed to the hospital anxiously.
came down with a serious disease
6.above all最重要的是;尤其是
[教材原句] Above all,Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
最重要的是,霍金敢于承认自己的错误。
例 (应用文写作之演讲稿)In school,we may face many challenges,but above all,we should strive to be the best version of ourselves.
在学校里,我们可能会面临许多挑战,但最重要的是要努力成为最好的自己。
例 After all,every failure is a step towards success,and we should learn from our mistakes to grow stronger.
毕竟,每次失败都是迈向成功的一步,我们应该从错误中学习,变得更强。
after all 毕竟;终究
例 All in all,my high school experience has been incredibly rewarding,with many opportunities for growth and self-discovery.
总的说来,我的高中经历非常有意义,有很多成长和自我发现的机会。
all in all 从各方面考虑;总的说来
归纳拓展
not at all 一点也不;完全(不)
after all 毕竟;终究
first of all 首先(强调顺序)
in all 总共;共计
all in all 从各方面考虑;总的说来
[语境运用] 用all的相关短语填空/完成句子
(应用文写作之演讲稿)　　　　　　　,we need to clarify our learning objectives.　　　　　,that is the direction of our efforts.　　　　　 ,we must enjoy the learning process.　　　　　　　,with continuous effort,we can achieve excellent grades in our studies.
First of all
After all
Above all
All in all
(读后续写之情感描写)我对演讲比赛一点也不紧张,因为我对自己的能力有信心。
I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,because I was confident in my abilities.
wasn’t nervous about the speech competition at all
重点句式
not only...but (also)...不但……而且……
▲
[教材原句] He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.
他受到了家乡人民英雄般的欢迎,受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。
例　(应用文写作之活动介绍)From this voluntary activity,not only did I broaden my horizons but also I gained valuable experience.
通过这次志愿活动,我不仅开阔了视野,而且获得了宝贵的经验。
例　Not only does he have a clever mind,he is a very hard worker.
他不仅有着聪明的头脑,而且工作很努力。(省略了but also)
归纳拓展
not only...but also... 不但……而且……,连接两个平行结构。当连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词要根据but also后的名词决定单复数(就近原则);当连接两个并列分句,且not only位于句首时,not only后面的句子要用部分倒装,but also后面的句子不倒装。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
Not only 　　　　 it give us relaxation but it also got us closer to nature.
Not only I but also Tom 　　　　 (be) responsible for the task.
did
is
(应用文写作之活动介绍)通过这次活动,我们不仅获得了园艺知识,而且对大自然有了更好的了解。
→We
　 nature from this activity.
→
　from this activity.(倒装)
not only gained knowledge of gardening but also had a better
understanding of
Not only did we gain knowledge of gardening but also had a better
understanding of nature
what引导的主语从句
▲
[教材原句] However,what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things,such as music and drawing.
然而,他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家,可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。
例　What I’m most interested in is how to learn English well.
我最感兴趣的是如何学好英语。
例　What I’m trying to figure out is how to balance study and entertainment.
我正在努力弄清楚的是如何平衡学习和娱乐。
归纳拓展
·what在此句中引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语。
·what引导名词性从句时,在从句中充当句子成分(主要作主语、表语和宾语),可以有多种意思:……的东西或事情;
……的人或样子;……的数量或数目;……的时间;……的
地方。
[语境运用] 完成句子
I wonder 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(老师会讲什么)in tomorrow’s lecture.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　(最困扰我的是)what major I should choose.
The problem is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(我们能做什么来提高成绩).
what the teacher will talk about
What bothers me most is
what we can do to improve our grades
长难句分析
[教材原句] However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932,Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
尝试分析:本句为主从复合句。主句为Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation, 是after引导的时间状语从句, 是because引导的原因状语从句, 是that引导的宾语从句。其中to protect and defend the country为动词不定式短语作目的状语。
自主翻译:不过,1932年淞沪抗战爆发后,钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家,因此决定改学航空专业。
[语境运用] 情境写作
不过,1938年武汉会战爆发后,李意识到中国迫切需要熟练的医生来救治和挽救生命,因此决定改学医学专业。
However,after the Battle of Wuhan erupted in 1938,Li decided to change
her major to medicine because she recognised that China desperately
needed skilled doctors to treat and save lives.
写作微专题1
Write an opinion essay about the scientific spirit
文本解读
1.文体类型:介绍某位科学家以及其科学精神,属于夹叙夹议文的范畴。
2.要点内容:
(1)要求就科学家的精神进行分析并针对科学家的生活、工作和学习发生的故事发表自己的看法。
(2)文章应有一定的人物描写,主要是介绍某位科学家的基本信息及其事迹。
[思路指引]
实用表达
1.描写人物概况常用句式。
Born on 28 December 1989, she later became a good teacher of whom students are fond.
×××,the daughter of a poor family, was born on 28 December 1989.
2.描写人物外貌,性格常用句式。
××× is a near-sighted boy with a pair of glasses on his nose.
××× is good-looking with long hair.
3.描写人物生平常用句式。
Not only is ××× interested in science but also he has a gift/talent for music.
××× sets a new world record of swimming, which makes a great contribution to China.
4.描写人物评价常用句式。
××× sets us a good example, so all the people speak highly of him.
××× is one of the greatest novelists in China and will be remembered as an outstanding man forever.
佳作建构
请你根据下面的提示,用英语对屠呦呦作简单介绍。
1.屠呦呦是我国杰出的药学家(pharmacologist)。由于发现了青蒿素(artemisinin),她获得了2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
2.1930年12月30日出生于宁波,1951年考入北京大学医学院。毕业后,她全身心投入到重症疟疾(malaria)的研究中。在她的带领下,她的团队发现了青蒿素,这对彻底治愈疟疾具有重要意义。
3.屠呦呦的发现挽救了数百万人的生命,所有的中国人都为她感到骄傲。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　　　 幸亏;由于
2.　　　　　　　　 n.领导;领导地位;领导才能
3.　　　　　　　　 adj.优秀的;杰出的;明显的
4.　　　　　　　　 患(病)
5.　　　　　　　　 最终地;彻底地
6.　　　　　　　　 adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的
thanks to
leadership
outstanding
come down with
once and for all
severe
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.屠呦呦是中国杰出的药学家。
Tu Youyou is an outstanding pharmacologist in China.
2.由于发现了青蒿素,她获得了2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her
discovery of artemisinin in 2015.
3.她1930年12月30日出生于宁波,1955年毕业于北京大学。
She was born in Ningbo on 30 December in 1930 and she graduated from Peking University in 1955.
4.毕业后,她全身心投入到治疗疟疾的研究中,疟疾是当时许多人容易感染的一种严重疾病。(which引导非限性定语从句)
After graduation,she devoted all her efforts to the research in treating
malaria,which was a severe disease many people came down with easily
at that time.
5.在她的带领下,她的团队发现了青蒿素,这对于彻底治愈疟疾具有重要意义。
Under her leadership,her team discovered artemisinin,which is of great significance for curing malaria once and for all.
6.由于屠呦呦的发现,数百万人的生命得以拯救。
Thanks to Tu’s discovery,millions of lives have been saved.
7.她的发现被视为对人类健康的重大贡献。
Her discovery is seen as a big contribution to the human health.
8.我们全体中国人都为她感到骄傲。
All of us Chinese are proud of her.
亮点提升
1.将第1句和第2句用同位语进行改写升级。
Tu Youyou,an outstanding pharmacologist in China,was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of artemisinin in 2015.
2.将第3句用分词作状语进行改写升级。
Born in Ningbo on 30 December in 1930,she graduated from Peking University in 1955.
3.将第7句和第8句用such...that...引导的结果状语从句进行改写升级。
Her discovery is seen as such a big contribution to the human health that all of us Chinese are proud of her.
范文展示
Tu Youyou,an outstanding pharmacologist in China,was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of artemisinin in 2015.
Born in Ningbo on 30 December in 1930,she graduated from Peking University in 1955.After graduation,she devoted all her efforts to the research in treating malaria,which was a severe disease many people came down with easily at that time.Under her leadership,her team discovered artemisinin,which is of great significance for curing malaria once and for all.
Thanks to Tu’s discovery,millions of lives have been saved.Her discovery is seen as such a big contribution to the human health that all of us Chinese are proud of her.
写作练习
假设你是红星中学的李华,你的外国笔友Eric看到了有关中国天眼的报道,想了解中国天眼之父南仁东教授的情况,请你根据以下提示,给Eric回复一封电子邮件。
姓名 南仁东
出生及教育 生于1945年,毕业于清华大学
人物事迹 1994年他开始筹建FAST项目,2016年该项目在贵州落成启用;
2017年他因癌症去世
人物评价 有天赋,爱国,具有高度的科学精神和责任感
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
参考词语:天眼 the Eye of Heaven
Dear Eric,
Glad to hear from you.
Yours,
Li Hua
写作指导
One possible version:
Dear Eric,
Glad to hear from you.I’d like to introduce to you one of the great scientists—Nan Rendong.
Nan Rendong was born in 1945.For his brilliant performance,he was admitted into Tsinghua University.From the year 1994 on,he was in charge of the building of the project FAST.After 22 years’ hard work,the telescope was finally set up and put into use in Guizhou.To our pity,he passed away because of cancer a year later.
Gifted and patriotic,Nan,with great scientific spirit and responsibility,was regarded as one of the most outstanding scientists in China.It is because of his perseverance that China owns the unique project,the Eye of Heaven.
Yours,
Li Hua
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写微 技能之“点” 情感描写 frustrated adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的　never lost his desire 从未失去他的愿望　be determined to do 下定决心去做　suspect vt.&vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任　patriotic adj.爱国的　discourage sb 使某人灰心
动作描写 show how it could be overcome展示如何克服　attend to 关怀;照料;处理　mark on a map在地图上标记　take on the challenge 接受挑战
人物描写 a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” 具有伟大科学思想和科学精神的人 an extremely well-respected man 备受尊敬的人
outstanding adj.优秀的;杰出的;明显的 one of the most famous and gifted scientists 最著名和最有天赋的科学家之一
读后续写微 技能之“线” As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.(情感描写)
When he was asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles ”,his reply was a determined “Why not We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.”(语言描写)
Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable,especially in the area of frontier science research.(人物描写)
Hawking was willing to admit his faults.This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries.(结尾升华句)
读后续写 微技能 之“面”
读后续写——战胜自我
在比赛中失利,李明感到沮丧,但他从未失去对胜利的渴望。他曾怀疑过自己的天赋。但是,他很快下定决心证明自己,夜以继日地处理着比赛的每个细节。最终,他凭借出色的表现赢得了比赛,证明了自己的实力,也重拾了自信。
Defeated in the competition,Li Ming 1.　　　　　　　　,but he 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　.He 3.　　　　　　　　　　　,
but he soon was determined to prove himself,4.
every detail of the contest day and night.Ultimately,he won the competition with 5.　　　　　 　　　 ,proved his ability and regained his confidence.
felt frustrated
never lost his desire to win
once suspected his talent
attending to
an outstanding performance
重点知识回顾
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.severe adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的→ adv.十分严重地;严肃地;严厉地
2.frustrated adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的→ n.沮丧;挫败→
adj.令人沮丧的;令人懊恼的
3.subscribe vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)→ n.(报刊等的)订阅费,(定期)服务费;订阅;订购→ n.订阅人,订购者;消费者;用户;定期捐助者
severely
frustration
frustrating
subscription
subscriber
4.infection n.感染;传染→ vt.使感染;传染→ adj.感染的;传染性的;有感染力的→ adj.受(有害细菌、病毒等)感染的
5.pure adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的→ adv.完全地→ vt.净化;使(某物)洁净
6.transform vt.使改观;使改变形态 vi.改变;转变→ n.(彻底的)变化,转变,改革
7.initial adj最初的;开始的;第一的→ adv.起初;开始时
infect
infectious
infected
purely
purify
transformation
initially
8.defend vt.保卫;防守;辩解→ n.防御;辩护;保卫→
adj.防御的;自卫的
9.assistant n.助理;助手→ v.帮助;协助;援助→ n.援助;帮助;支持
10.gifted adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的→ n.礼物;赠品;天赋
11.steady adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的→ adv.稳步地;稳定地;持续地
initially
defensive
assist
assistance
gift
steadily
Ⅱ.重点词块
1. 　　　　　　　 死于
2. 关怀;照料;处理
3. 一般而言
4. 同意;赞同
5. 决心做……
die from
attend to
in general
subscribe to
be determined to do
6. 对(坏事)负有责任
7. 很可能做……
8. 不懈的努力
9. 对……有影响
10. (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发
11. 主管;掌管
be to blame
be likely to do
tireless efforts
have an impact on
break out
in charge of
12. 在某人的领导下
13. 患(病);染上(小病)
14. 指出
15. 最重要的是;尤其是
under one’s leadership
come down with
point out
above all
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.“疑问词+不定式”结构
As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew
(如何预防和治疗霍乱).
句式仿写
They are discussing (学校旅行去哪里).
how to prevent or treat cholera
where to go for the school trip
2.where引导的定语从句
Snow began by marking on a map
(所有死者住所的确切位置).
句式仿写
I remember (那位著名教授发表演讲的演讲厅) last year.
the exact places where all those who
died had lived
the lecture hall where the famous professor gave a speech
3.what引导的主语从句
However,
(他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家) was probably his strong interest in other things,such as music and drawing.
句式仿写
(使她成为一名优秀老师) is her ability to explain complex concepts clearly.
what might have made him such an outstanding and creative
scientist
What makes her a great teacher(共108张PPT)
UNIT 1　
SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
[头脑风暴·思维发散]
Most scientists are gifted individuals who play a crucial role in our understanding of the world.They study nature with tools like microscopes,
discovering new things about cells and proteins.Their work helps us understand how life functions.Scientists firmly believe in pure science and use statistics to assist in proving their ideas.Their dedication reminds us that science is essential for social progress and a better future of everyone.
大多数科学家是天资聪慧的人物,他们在我们理解世界的过程中扮演着至关重要的角色。他们使用显微镜等工具研究自然,发现关于细胞和蛋白质的新事物。他们的工作帮助我们理解生命是如何运作的。科学家坚信纯粹的科学,并使用统计学来辅助证明他们的观点。他们的奉献精神提醒我们,科学对于社会进步和每个人更美好的未来至关重要。
Reading and Thinking,
Learning About Language
Part 1
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. 　 n.一家人;家庭;同住一所
(套)房子的人
2. vt.& vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任
n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象
3. vt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责
n.责备;指责
4. n.把手;拉手;柄
vt.处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
写作词汇
household
suspect
blame
handle
5. n.联系;纽带
vt.把……连接起来;相关联
6. adj.未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的
7. adj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的
8. n.减少;降低;减少量
vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低
link
raw
substantial
decrease
9. n.思想;思维;见解
10. n.发现;调查结果;(法律)判决
11. adj.可靠的;固体的;坚实的
n.固体
thinking
finding
solid
1.pump　　　　 n.
2.cholera n.
3.diarrhoea (NAmE diarrhea)
n.
4.dehydration n.
阅读词汇
泵;抽水机;打气筒
霍乱
腹泻
脱水
5.germ n.
6.statistic n.[pl.-s]
7.epidemiology n.
8.microscope n.
9.protein n.
微生物;细菌;病菌
统计数字;统计资料;统计学
流行病学
显微镜
蛋白质
10.cell n.
11.virus n.
12.vaccine n.
13.framework n.
细胞;小房间;单间牢房
病毒
疫苗
框架;结构
拓展词汇
1. adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的→severely adv.十分严重地;严肃地;严厉地
2. adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的→frustration n.沮丧;挫败→ frustrating adj.令人沮丧的;令人懊恼的
3. adj.相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的→contradict vt.反驳;相矛盾→contradiction n.矛盾;反驳
severe
frustrated
contradictory
4. vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)→subscription n.(报刊等的)订阅费,(定期)服务费;订阅;订购→subscriber n.订阅人,订购者;消费者;用户;定期捐助者
5. n.感染;传染→infect vt.使感染;传染→infectious adj.感染的;传染性的;有感染力的→infected adj.受(有害细菌、病毒等)感染的
6. adj.数量多的;多种多样的→multiply vi.& vt.乘;繁殖;增殖
7. n.介入;出面;干涉→intervene vi.干扰;介入
subscribe
infection
multiple
intervention
8. adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的→purely adv.完全地→purify vt.净化;使(某物)洁净
9. vt.使改观;使改变形态 vi.改变;转变→transformation n.(彻底的)变化,转变,改革
10. n.证据;证明;检验→prove v.证明;证实;最终显现为
11. adj.最初的;开始的;第一的→initially adv.起初;开始时
pure
transform
proof
initial
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.die from　　　　　　
2.attend to
3.once and for all
4.in general
5.subscribe to
6.be determined to do
死于
关怀;照料;处理
最终地;彻底地
一般而言
同意;赞同
决心做……
7.find out
8.be to blame
9.as a result of
10.be likely to do
11.tireless efforts
12.thanks to
弄明白;查清楚
对(坏事)负有责任
由于……
很可能做……
不懈的努力
幸亏;由于
重点句型
1.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was
more than 500 people died in ten days.(so...that...引导结果状语从句)
他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重,十天内就有500多人死亡。
so severe that
2.Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,
.(until引导的时间状语从句)
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前,霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
until a
British doctor,John Snow,showed how it could be overcome
3.As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew
.(“疑问词+不定式”结构)
由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱,年轻的约翰·斯诺医生感到很
沮丧。
how to prevent or treat cholera
4. so much that she every day.(It seemed that...;“have sth done”)
该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水,每天都让人从那里打水运到家
里来。
It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump
had it delivered to her house
5.Snow began by marking on a map the exact places
.(where引导的定语从句)
斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。
where all those who
died had lived
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与社会——科学与科学家。
2.语篇类型:记叙文。
3.课文内容分析:
1854年,伦敦霍乱流行,斯诺通过研究霍乱病死者的日常生活情况,发现了霍乱与饮用不洁净水的关系。在他的呼吁下,饮用水公司开始出售洁净水,有效制止了霍乱的流行。阅读本文,有利于帮助学生理解质疑精神的意义,学会批判性地思考,形成自己的观点与看法。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
feared
frustrated
desire
marked
handle
decreased
maps
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.What played a key role in John Snow’s discovery
[A]The government.
[B]The water company.
[C]Queen Victoria.
[D]The map made by himself.
D
(　　)2.What conclusion did John Snow draw according to the evidence
[A]Cholera multiplied in the water.
[B]Polluted water carried the virus.
[C]A cloud of dangerous gas caused cholera.
[D]Cholera could never be controlled even though its cause was found.
B
(　　)3.Which words can best describe John Snow’s way of defeating “King Cholera”
[A]Creative but not lasting.
[B]Smart and effective.
[C]New but useless.
[D]Confusing and complex.
B
(　　)4.What’s the main idea of this passage
[A]The cause of cholera was polluted water.
[B]John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.
[C]The source of all drinking water should be examined.
[D]How John Snow defeated “King Cholera”.
D
(　　)5.Where does this text probably come from
[A]A newspaper.
[B]A medical report.
[C]A book review.
[D]A TV interview.
A
二次开发·深研课文
▲
Cholera was one of the most feared 1.　　 　　(disease) in the past.In the early 19th century,when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe,
millions of people died from the disease.John Snow,2.　　 famous doctor,
was determined 3.　　　 　(destroy) cholera once and for all.
diseases
a
to destroy
There were two theories about cholera at that time.One was 4.　　 bad air caused the disease and the other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.Snow subscribed 5.　 　 the second theory.He began to investigate,6.　 　　　(mark) on a map the exact places where all those who died 7.　　 　　(live).As a result,he found multiple deaths in one place while there were no deaths in another place.
8.　　 　　(eventual),he found the evidence for the second theory.He succeeded in 9.　　 　　(stop) the disease spreading.
that
to
marking
had lived
Eventually
stopping
Snow transformed the way of studying diseases,and therefore he
10.　　 　　(consider) the father of modern epidemiology.
is considered
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.subscribe vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期捐助
·subscriber n.订阅人,订购者;消费者;用户;定期捐助者
·subscription n.(报刊等的)订阅费,定期服务费;订阅;订购
[教材原句] Snow subscribed to the second theory.
斯诺赞同第二种看法。
例　Our school has an e-library where all subscribers can download various academic materials free of charge.
我们学校有一个电子图书馆,所有订阅者都可以免费下载各种学术资料。
例　I subscribe to his view that learning should be a joyful process.
我同意他的观点,即学习应该是一个快乐的过程。
subscribe to 同意;赞同;定期交纳(会员费);定期捐款;申请;定期订阅
归纳拓展
subscribe for 认购(股份)
subscribe to 同意;赞同;定期交纳(会员费);定期捐款;申请;定期订阅
[语境运用] 写出下面黑体短语的意思
I subscribe to an English learning magazine every month and sign the library’s usage agreement.I fully subscribe to green transportation and am even willing to subscribe to related environmental protection activities.
我每月都 　　　　英语学习杂志,还签署图书馆的使用协议。对于绿色交通,我完全 　 　　　,甚至愿意 　　 　　相关环保活动。
订阅
同意;赞同
捐助
2.suspect vt.& vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象
·suspicion n.怀疑;嫌疑
·suspicious adj.怀疑的;感觉可疑的
[教材原句] Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
例　(应用文写作之演讲稿)I suspect that as long as I stick to my dreams,
no matter how many difficulties I encounter,I will always find the strength to move forward.
我觉得,只要我坚持自己的梦想,无论我遇到多少困难, 我总能找到前行的力量。
例　I suspect Xiao Hong of preparing for an English speech contest,because she’s been practising her oral English in the English Corner recently.
我怀疑小红在准备英语演讲比赛,因为她最近总是在英语角练习口语。
suspect sb of (doing) sth怀疑某人(做过)某事
归纳拓展
·suspect sb of (doing) sth怀疑某人(做过)某事
suspect sb/sth to be/have...怀疑某人/ 某物是……
suspect that+从句 怀疑……;觉得……
·under suspicion 有嫌疑;涉嫌
·be suspicious of/about sth 对某人/某事感觉可疑/怀疑
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
He was under 　　 　　(suspect) of breaking the glass.
They became 　 　　　(suspect) of his behaviour and contacted the police.
(应用文写作之人物描写)我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师,他从不怀疑我们会实现自己的梦想。
The person I respect most is my English teacher,who
　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
suspicion
suspicious
never suspects that
we can achieve our dreams
3.blame vt.把……归咎于; 责怪; 指责
n.责备; 指责
[教材原句] Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
例　(应用文写作之演讲稿)We should reflect on ourselves rather than blame others for not giving us enough support.
我们应该自我反思,而不是责备他人没有给予我们足够的支持。
blame sb for sth因某事责备某人;把某事归咎于某人
例　Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame on the alarm clock.
很多人发现早上很难起床,并把责任归咎于闹钟。
put/lay the blame for sth on sb将某事归咎于某人
归纳拓展
·be to blame (for sth) (对某事)负有责任;应受责备
blame sb for sth因某事责备某人;把某事归咎于某人
blame sth on sb/sth把某事归咎于某人/某事
·put/lay the blame for sth on sb将某事归咎于某人
take the blame for sth承担某事的责任
温馨提示
be to blame短语中blame不能用被动形式,该短语为主动形式表示被动含义。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
You shouldn’t blame the failure 　　　　 that little boy.
She was blamed 　　　　 her lack of preparation for the test.
(读后续写之情感描写)因篮球比赛失败而受到责备,蒂姆陷入悲伤中。
　　　　　　　　　 　　　,Tim was seized/overwhelmed by sadness.
on
for
Blamed for losing the basketball game
4.link n.联系;纽带 vt.把……连接起来;相关联
[教材原句] Moreover,Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.
此外,斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。
例　(话题写作之健康的生活方式)The teacher told us that our learning efficiency is closely linked to/with our sleep habits.
老师告诉我们,我们的学习效率与睡眠习惯紧密相关。
be linked to/with... 被连接到……;与……相关联
例　(应用文写作之活动介绍)We linked up with them for a charity concert last month.
上个月我们与他们联合举办了一场慈善音乐会。
link up (with...) (与……)连接,结合
归纳拓展
·link...to/with将……和……连接起来/联系起来
be linked to/with... 被连接到……;与……相关联
link up (with...) (与……)连接,结合
·a link between...and... ……与……之间的联系
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(应用文写作之传统文化)People often link the Spring Festival
　　 　　 reunion.
Many students have found a link between their hobbies 　　　　 their future career paths.
(话题写作之健康的生活方式)健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。
Health problems
　　　　　　.
to/with
and
are closely linked to/with bad eating habits and a lack
of exercise
We’re planning to 　　　　　　　　　　 　　(与其他学校联合) to organise a regional debate competition.
link up with other schools
5.decrease n.减少;降低;减少量
vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低
[教材原句] Through Snow’s tireless efforts,water companies began to sell clean water,and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.
经过斯诺的不懈努力,饮用水公司开始出售洁净水,世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅减少。
例　The use of fossil fuels is on the decrease as renewable energy becomes more accessible.
随着可再生能源的普及,化石燃料的使用正在减少。
on the decrease在减少
例　To prepare for the exams,I have decreased my weekly entertainment time from 10 hours to 5 hours.
为了备考,我每周的娱乐时间从10小时减少到了5小时。
decrease (from...) to...(从……)减少到……(表示减少后的量)
例　This species of bird is decreasing in number every year.
这种鸟的数量在逐年减少。
归纳拓展
·on the decrease在减少
·decrease (from...) to...(从……)减少到……(表示减少后
的量)
decrease by... 减少了……(表示减少的量)
decrease in...在……方面减少
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
I’ve noticed that the number of students wearing glasses in our class is
　　　　 the decrease.
The production of wheat has decreased 　　　　 20% because of the dry weather.
The number of students participating in the extracurricular club
　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　(从去年的30人
减少到了今年的20人).
on
by
has decreased from 30 last year to 20 this year
重点句式
“疑问词+不定式”结构
▲
[教材原句] As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.
由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱,年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。
例　He’s not sure how to explain his problem to the teacher.
他不确定如何向老师解释他的问题。
例　(话题写作之家庭生活)Where to spend the summer vacation is something many families need to consider.
去哪里过暑假是许多家庭需要考虑的事情。
归纳拓展
·常见的特殊疑问词:疑问代词who,what,which等和疑问副词how,when,where等。
·语法功能:该结构相当于名词性从句,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等(作主语时,谓语动词常用单数)。
·一般用在tell,show,understand,explain,teach,learn,discuss等动词后面的特殊疑问词与构成不定式的动词之间为动宾关系时,不定式用主动形式。
温馨提示
whether后可接不定式,而if后不可以。
[语境运用] 完成句子/句型转换
她突然想到了一个好主意,但是她不知道该如何表达出来。
Suddenly a good idea occurred to her,but she didn’t know 　 .
The article is so poorly-organised that I don’t know what I should say after reading it.
→The article is so poorly-organised that I don’t know
after reading it.
how to express it
what to say
When we will decorate the house hasn’t been decided.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　 hasn’t been decided.
When to decorate the house
so...that...引导结果状语从句
▲
[教材原句] He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重,十天内就有500多人死亡。
例　(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.
有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣,他们把种子带回家,开始经营自己的菜园。
例　He bought me so interesting a novel that I finished reading it in just one day.
他给我买了一本如此有趣的小说,以至于我一天之内就把它读完了。
归纳拓展
·so...that...句型的常见形式:
so+adj./adv.+that...
so+adj.+a(n)+n.(单数可数)+that...
so+many/few/much/little (少)+n.+that...
·such...that...句型的常见形式:
such+a(n)+adj.+n.(单数可数)+that...
such+adj.+n.(复数可数/不可数)+that...
·当so/such放在句首时,主句要用部分倒装语序。
温馨提示
little表示“少”时用so修饰,但表示“小”时用such修饰。
It is normal for such little boys to eat so little food.
这么小的男孩吃这么少的食物是正常的。
[语境运用] 一句多译/句型转换
(读后续写之心理描写)她因为突然的消息而兴奋得头脑一片空白,以至于一句话也说不出来。
→She was 　　　 　　　　　　　　　 her mind went blank,
unable to say a single word.
→　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 her mind went blank,
unable to say a single word.(倒装语序)
so excited by the sudden news that
So excited was she by the sudden news that
(话题写作之学校生活)The self-study room is such an appealing place that many students will gather there to further improve their learning level.
→The self-study room 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 many students will gather there to further improve their learning level.(用含有so的句式改写)
is so appealing a place that
长难句分析
[教材原句] He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
尝试分析:本句为复合句。 为that引导的宾语从句。 为so...that...引导的结果状语从句。
自主翻译:他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重,十天内就有500多人死亡。
[语境运用] 情境写作
我意识到我们一起度过的那一天是如此难忘,以至于它将永远留在我的记忆里。
I realised that the day we spent together was so unforgettable that it would stay in my memory forever.
语法微专题1　
表语从句
语法原句再现
One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
仔细观察上面的句子,看它们有什么特点,思考一下黑体部分在句中的作用。
语法知识点拨
表语从句的含义
在主从复合句中充当表语的从句,叫作表语从句。它常位于系动词之后,对主语进行解释、说明,使主语的内容具体化,说明主语是什么或者怎么样。可连接表语从句的系动词有be、look、remain、seem、sound、appear等。表语从句要用陈述语气。
表语从句的连接词有从属连词、连接代词与连接副词。
一、表语从句的连接词
(一)从属连词that、whether、because、as if/though引导的表语从句
1.that引导的表语从句,that在从句中不作任何成分,没有任何意义,但不可省略。
What really made me sad was that he never answered my letter.
真正让我伤心的是他从不给我回信。
2.whether引导的表语从句,意为“是否”。但if不能引导表语从句。
The question is whether you can do the work well.
问题是你能否做好这项工作。
3.because引导的表语从句,说明主语所表示的事件发生的原因,意为“因为”。
It was because he was so terribly alone.
那是因为他太孤独了。
4.as if/though引导的表语从句,从句若表示有明显迹象的确要发生时或可能被设想为事实的时候,可用陈述语气;从句表示的情况发生的可能性比较小或与事实相反时,常用虚拟语气。
Look at the sky! It looks as if it is going to rain.
看看天空!看来天要下雨了。
The storm is so huge and it looks as if the world were coming to an end.
风暴如此之大,看起来就好像世界末日即将来临。
[语境运用] 用适当的连接词填空
The reason why he persists in exercising is 　　　　 he believes a healthy body is the foundation for achieving dreams.
The question discussed at the meeting was 　　 　　 it was worth trying or not.
that
whether
If there are things we do not know,it is 　　 　　 we haven’t learnt them.
It looks 　　　 　 it is going to rain soon,with dark clouds covering the sky.
because
as if/though
(二)连接代词who(ever)、whom(ever)、whose、what(ever)、which(ever)引导的表语从句
该类连接词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
“A good night’s sleep is what you want,” he said firmly.
“好好睡上一晚才是你需要的。”他坚定地说。
Friend is who can give you strength at last.
朋友,是在最后可以给你力量的人。
[语境运用] 用适当的连接词填空
Actually,the young can be 　　 　　 they want to be,whether it is a pilot,an astronaut,or a manager.
This is 　　　 　 we have been looking forward to for years.
To tell the truth,what I want to know is 　　　 　 words are helpful.
The leader should be 　　　　 can lead the team to success.
what/whatever
what
whose
whoever
(三)连接副词when、where、why、how引导的表语从句
以上连接副词引导表语从句时,除在句中起连接作用外,在从句中往往作状语(时间、地点、原因、方式等)。
The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park.
我们上一次参观水上公园的时候玩得很开心。
Sara was caught in a traffic jam this morning.That is why she was late for work.
萨拉今天早上遇到了交通堵塞,那就是她上班迟到的原因。
温馨提示
①表语从句采用陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语”。
②why和because都可引导表语从句,前者强调结果,常构成“that’s why...”句式,意为“那是……的原因”;后者强调原因,常构成“that’s because...”句式,意为“那是因为……”。The reason why...is that...,此处why引导的是定语从句,that引导的是表语从句,意为“……的原因是……”。
温馨提示
I didn’t phone her,and that’s why she got angry with me.
我没有给她打电话,那就是她生我气的原因。(强调生气这一结果)
I didn’t phone her,and that’s because I got angry with her.
我没有给她打电话,那是因为我生她的气了。(强调没打电话的原因)
The reason why she is so popular among her classmates is that she is always ready to help others.
她在同学中很受欢迎的原因是她总是乐于助人。
温馨提示
③reason作主语或主语中包含事件的起因,后面的表语从句表示原因时,要用that来引导,而不是because。
[语境运用] 用适当的连接词填空
We decided to study at the library,that’s 　　　　 we didn’t go to the party.
What’s surprising is 　　　　 quickly he mastered the new language.
If you often feel tired and can’t focus your attention,that is 　　　　 you have to stop working too hard and to have a rest.
Go and get your coat.It’s 　　 　　 you left it.
why
how
when
where
二、表语从句中的虚拟语气
1.在表语从句中,表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等时,主句中的主语通常是advice、suggestion、proposal、request、order、idea等,从句谓语动词形式是“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
My advice is that you(should) practise speaking English as often as possible.
我的建议是你应该尽可能经常地练习说英语。
2.在as if/though引导的表语从句中,当说话者认为所述不是事实或发生的可能性不大时,从句用虚拟语气。若表示与现在事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were);若表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词用过去完成时;若表示与将来事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词用“would/
could/might+动词原形”。
It seems as if it were spring.
现在好像是春天似的。
She appeared as if she had known nothing about it.
她看上去对此一无所知。
[语境运用] 完成句子
My suggestion is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(我们应该建立一个阅读俱乐部) to encourage students to read more books.
She talks 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　(好像是这个领域的专家),even though she’s only a beginner.
that we (should) establish a reading club
as if she were an expert in the field
真题体验
1.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities,that’s 　　　　　 they’ll promote.But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
【解析】 考查表语从句。表语从句缺少宾语,且是指事物,所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
what
2.(2024·全国甲卷)That’s 　　　　 most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats,which they don’t usually like.
【解析】 考查表语从句。表语从句缺少状语,根据句意用why引导。故填why。
why
3.(2023·全国甲卷)What we discovered is 　　　　 it’s unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance.
【解析】 考查表语从句。表语从句句意完整,不缺句子成分,表达肯定的含义,用that引导。故填that。
that
4.(2023·浙江1月卷)The result is 　　　　 many communities,especially in farming regions,see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
【解析】 考查表语从句。表语从句句意完整,不缺句子成分,表达肯定的含义,用that引导。故填that。
that
5.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists.This is 　　　　 they need an English trainer.
【解析】 考查表语从句。表语从句缺少状语,根据句意用why引导。故填why。
why
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.Mum appeared as if she 　　 　　(see) nothing about it.
2.The third section of the newspaper is 　　　 　 we can know something about science and technology.
3.The reason why I made so much progress was 　　　 　 your encouragement played an important role in my study.
had seen
where
that
4.The doctor’s recommendation is that I 　　 　　(take) a rest.
5.What really matters is 　　　 　 you do,and you must do it well.
(should) take
whatever
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.这就是去年举行运动会的地方。
This is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 last year.
2.问题是这个过程会有多快。
The question is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
3.我想知道的是你何时能完成任务。
What I want to know is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
where the sports meeting was held
how fast the process will be
when you can finish the task
4.看起来将会遇到很多困难。
　　　　　　　　　　　 there are going to be a lot of difficulties.
5.所有的窗户都打开了,这就是如此冷的原因。
All the windows are open and that’s 　　　　　　　　　.
It looks as if/though
why it is so cold
Ⅲ.语篇填空
　　Three Laws of Robotics put forward by Isaac Asimov are 1.　 　 we should obey when producing robots in our real life.These rules are also
2.　　　　 a film relating to robots tries to display to the audience.In the movie,people’s original thought was 3.　　　 　 robots could live in harmony with human beings.That was 4.　　　 　 robots were widely used in various areas and no unpleasant things had happened.
what
what
that
because
That was 5.　　　 human beings expected.However,with the advancement of technology,the fact was 6.　　 　　 some robots developed human emotions.It looked 7.　　 　　 the robots would take control of human beings.That was 8.　　 　　 people worried.
what
that
as if/though
whatUNIT 1　课时作业(四)
单元知识综合练
(分值:52.5分)
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.subscribe (to)
A.vi.订阅　B.vi.赞成;同意　C.vi.捐助
①Bernard excitedly subscribed to John’s idea of making popcorn to earn some money.　　
②It was the outstanding astronomer who always subscribed to our school,for which we were sincerely grateful.　　
③(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)You can download the application and subscribe today to get your first issue free.　　
2.charge
A.vt.控告　B.n.职责;责任　C.vi.向……方向冲击　D.vt.收费　E.v.给……充电
①The outstanding scientist is in charge of handling the matter.　　
②The library charges a fine for overdue books.　　
③She was charged with using a mobile phone on campus.　　
④The kind-hearted mechanic helped charge my phone.　　
⑤Seeing her mother,the cute girl charged forward and hugged her tightly.　　
3.写出下列句子中黑体词的含义
①He is a solid friend who’s always willing to lend a hand when I need help.　　　　　　　
②My heart was pumping with extreme excitement.　　　　　　　
【答案】 1.①B　②C　③A　
2.①B　②D　③A　④E　⑤C
3.①可靠的　②快速移动
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
How Mobile Technology Has Changed
　　　Our Lives Forever
The invention of the mobile phone and mobile technology was incredible.1.　　　Here we highlight the most common ones that technology has been changing our lives today.
Mobile technology has changed how we communicate.
The advancement of technology has made communication unbelievably fast and convenient.
In the past,writing a letter or finding a wired telephone was the best way to communicate with the people at a distance.2.　　　 You can send them a message on social media,text them,have a video chat with them,email them,or give them a call.
Mobile technology creates the “all-purpose” device.
With many businesses mobile technology has brought about,there are some products that have made out of date.Now just one device has replaced the portable (便携式的) music player,the alarm clock,the calculator,the camera,the flashlight,the calendar and much more.3.　　
Mobile technology leads to ever present distraction.
In many places,it’s a common sight to see just about everyone with a mobile phone within his reach.From the first two aspects listed above,that can be useful.4.　　　 As mobile technology has become more and more widespread in today’s society,research has begun to connect heavy day-to-day use with a number of side effects,the majority of which are related to mental health.
5.　　　We should accept that mobile technology is here to stay and improve our lives for the better in spite of its shortcomings.In my opinion,its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages.
A.We cannot ignore its disadvantages.
B.All in all,mobile technology greatly benefits our lives.
C.However,instant access is not always a good thing.
D.While these things do still exist,they are no longer absolutely essential.
E.Nowadays,you are blessed with more efficient options at your fingertips.
F.The conventional way of doing shopping has also changed beyond imagination.
G.Since then,advances in mobile technology have shaped our lives in various ways.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章从生活中几个常见的方面说明了移动技术对我们生活的改变,并且说明了尽管移动技术存在弊端,但它整体上是利大于弊的,它将继续存在,并使我们的生活变得更好。
1.【答案】 G
【解析】 根据设空处上一句和下一句可知,本段主要讲述移动技术改变了我们的生活。G 项符合段落主旨,能够引起下文,且选项中的shaped our lives和下文中的changing our lives相呼应。故选 G。
2.【答案】 E
【解析】 根据段落标题句“Mobile technology has changed how we communicate.”可知,此部分讲述的是移动技术对沟通方式的改变。设空处上一句介绍的是过去的沟通方式,而E项中的Nowadays和上文中的In the past形成对照,引出对现在沟通方式的说明。故选 E。
3.【答案】 D
【解析】 根据设空处上一句可知,由于移动技术的发展,现在一种设备可以拥有多种设备的功能。D项中的these things指代上文提到的多种设备。故选 D。
4.【答案】 C
【解析】 根据设空处下一句可知,本段讲述的是移动设备所带来的副作用。C 项中的not always a good thing与下文中的a number of side effects相呼应。故选 C。
5.【答案】 B
【解析】 根据设空处的下一句可知,文章认为,移动技术虽然有缺点,但对我们的生活还是利大于弊的。B项符合文章要表达的观点。故选B。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
In 2011,Adam Riess was my freshman roommate at MIT.Now he won the Nobel Prize in Physics for using the Hubble Space Telescope.
While looking at light given off from a distant star,Riess 　1　 that contrary (相反的) to the existing theory that the universe’s expansion was slowing down,it was actually 　2　.Riess said that when he first saw the data,he thought it was a(n) 　3　since it didn’t match the existing model.But with 　4　 analyses and observations,he eventually realised that the data was right and that the model has to be 　5　.It’s now a generally 　6　 fact that the universe’s expansion is speeding up,mainly due to a force called “dark energy”.
When I met with Riess,we got to talking about his 　7　.I asked how he insisted that he should be right.He said my question 　8　 him of something that Richard Feynman said about science.“It doesn’t matter how beautiful your theory is.If it doesn’t 　9　 the experiment,it’s wrong.” Adam Riess continued,“I have always had a strong 　10　in the scientific method—you do an experiment to 　11　a hypothesis (假设) and if the data doesn’t fit and you can 　12　 the data,you must change the hypothesis.This is what makes science different and 　13　 of explaining the natural world.”
I think we need to 　14　 the way of doing scientific experiments and believe that repeated scientific experiments are an incredibly powerful and logical way to find the
　15　.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章介绍了诺贝尔奖获得者亚当·里斯(Adam Riess)用自己的亲身经历告诉我们要重视做科学实验,并相信重复的科学实验是一种发现真相的重要方式。
(　　)1.[A]observed [B]told
[C]expected [D]imagined
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据“While looking at light given off from a distant star”可知,Riess在观察一颗遥远恒星发出的光,由此可知,这个发现是他观察到(observed)的结果。故选A。
(　　)2.[A]cracking [B]missing
[C]weakening [D]quickening
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据“contrary (相反的) to the existing...was slowing down”可知,Riess的理论与“宇宙膨胀放缓”相反,由此可知,他认为宇宙膨胀正在加速(quickening)。故选D。
(　　)3.[A]excuse [B]mistake
[C]challenge [D]difficulty
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据“since it didn’t match the existing model”可知,Riess的发现与现有的模型不匹配,由此可知,他最初认为这是一个错误(mistake)。故选B。
(　　)4.[A]reported [B]limited
[C]repeated [D]selected
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据“he eventually realised that the data was right”可知,Riess最终意识到数据是正确的,由此可知,为了确认这一结果,经过了反复的(repeated)分析和观察。故选C。
(　　)5.[A]copied [B]destroyed
[C]protected [D]corrected
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据“he eventually realised that the data was right”可知,Riess最终意识到自己的数据是正确的,由此可知,之前的模型是错误的,必须得到纠正(corrected)。故选D。
(　　)6.[A]shocking [B]accepted
[C]ignored [D]promising
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据常识可知,新理论“宇宙的膨胀正在加速”是正确的,是公认的(accepted)。故选B。
(　　)7.[A]contribution [B]concern
[C]discovery [D]curiosity
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文的“I asked how he insisted that he should be right.”可知,“我”问他怎么坚持认为自己是对的,由此可知,我们在谈论他的发现(discovery)。故选C。
(　　)8.[A]reminded [B]warned
[C]informed [D]convinced
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文的“It doesn’t matter how...the experiment,it’s wrong.”由此可知,“我”的问题让他想起了(reminded)理查德·费曼(Richard Feynman)的话。故选A。
(　　)9.[A]end up with [B]combine with
[C]give way to [D]agree with
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据句中“it’s wrong”可知,理论与实验不一致时,理论就是错的。故选D。
(　　)10.[A]emotion [B]dream
[C]belief [D]suggestion
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文“he eventually realised that the data was right and that the model has to be
　5　”可知,Riess认为模型必须得到纠正,由此可知,这是他的信念(belief)。故选C项。
(　　)11.[A]create [B]test
[C]change [D]finish
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文“you do an experiment”可知,做实验的目的是检验一个假设,由此可知,句中指你做一个实验来检验(test)一个假设。故选B。
(　　)12.[A]prove [B]share
[C]collect [D]improve
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据“if the data doesn’t fit”可知,数据不符合时,我们要证明数据,由此可知,句中指如果数据不符合,你可以证明(prove)数据。故选A。
(　　)13.[A]worthy [B]sensible
[C]independent [D]capable
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据句中“explaining the natural world”和常识可知,科学能够解释自然世界,“capable”意为“有能力的”,符合语境。故选D。
(　　)14.[A]cover [B]replace
[C]value [D]discuss
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据句中“believe that repeated scientific experiments are an incredibly powerful and logical way”可知,Adam Riess认为重复的科学实验是一种重要的方式,由此可知,句中指我们需要重视(value)做科学实验的方式。故选C。
(　　)15.[A]law [B]truth
[C]standard [D]balance
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据句中“repeated scientific experiments”和常识可知,重复的科学实验是为了发现真相,由此可知,重复的科学实验是一种非常强大和合乎逻辑的发现真相(truth)的方式。故选B。
Ⅳ.应用文写作(15分)
牛顿是世界著名的科学家,关于他的故事有很多,其中有一个牛顿煮鸡蛋的故事。有一次为他做饭的仆人外出,让牛顿自己煮鸡蛋,由于太投入工作,牛顿煮的是他的怀表而不是鸡蛋。请你根据牛顿煮鸡蛋的故事,以“A Story of Newton”为题写一篇文章,并据此发表一下自己对科学精神的看法。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
[写作指导]
One possible version:
A Story of Newton
Newton is one of the most outstanding and gifted scientists.So devoted was Newton that he often forgot the little things in his daily life.
Once,a servant who cooked for Newton wanted to go out,asking Newton to cook the eggs himself.However,when the servant came back,what he found was that not eggs but a pocket watch was being cooked in the pot.
From the story we can learn the success of outstanding scientists is closely linked to devotion.There is no denying that he is highly thought of by many people and he will live in the hearts of us forever.(共22张PPT)
UNIT 1　课时作业(一)
(分值:42分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.The 　　　(相互矛盾的) result has led the researcher to question previous theories.
2.The teacher’s timely 　　 　 　(介入) helped me find new study methods.
3.The scientists 　　 　　(怀疑) that the virus was spreading rapidly in the air.
4.The professor’s speech has　　 　　(改变) our understanding of the book.
contradictory
intervention
suspected
transformed
5.She spent weeks collecting data from various sources to provide 　　　(证明) for her paper.
6.His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would in turn 　　　　(感染) other students.
7.Exercising is essential to everybody because it makes you more awake and ready to 　　　　(处理) whatever is ahead of you for the day.
proofs
infect
handle
8.The 　　　　(极为恶劣的) weather conditions yesterday forced us to cancel our outdoor class activities and stay indoors.
9.I have 　　 　　(数量多的) classes to attend every day,and my schedule is very tight.
10.His innovative 　　 　　(思维) played an important role in the team project and helped us solve many problems.
severe
multiple
thinking
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共8题;每题1.5分,共12分)
1.　　 　　(frustrate) among doctors grows when they are struggling to find a cure for the disease.
2.Drinking water needs to meet certain 　　 　　 (pure) standards to ensure our health.
3.The teacher emphasised the importance of personal hygiene to avoid getting 　　 　　(infect) with diseases.
4.Healthy eating is closely 　　 　　 (link) to good physical condition.
Frustration
purity
infected
linked
5.She has a yearly 　　 　　(subscribe) to a language exchange platform where she can practise speaking different languages.
6.Despite the challenges,she is determined 　　　 　 (pursue) her dream of becoming a doctor.
7.He hoped to find a good way to have his written English
(improve) in a short period.
8.He lost this important competition opportunity as a result 　　　　 his carelessness.
subscription
to pursue
improved
of
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.我定期向几个知名的慈善机构捐款。(subscribe to)
I subscribe to a few well-known charities on a regular basis.
2.由于技术的进步,我们的交友以及和朋友交流的方式发生了巨大的变化。(thanks to)
Thanks to advances in technology,how we make friends and communicate
with them has changed significantly.
3.这次事故不是他的错,所以他不应该受到责备。(be to blame)
The accident was not his fault,so he shouldn’t be to blame.
4.我们是时候彻底处理这个问题了。(once and for all)
It is time that we should deal with the issue once and for all.
5.随着我掌握更多学习技巧,我发现自己遇到的学习困难正在减少。
(on the decrease)
As I master more study techniques,the learning difficulties I encounter
are on the decrease.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Plastic is one of the most important technological discoveries of the 20th century.However,German scientists are certain that this material may soon be replaced.The new development—liquid wood—can replace plastics in all branches of modern industries.
Plastic as a material enjoys the biggest demand in the modern world,
but it does have a number of disadvantages.First,plastic is not recyclable.
Second,it contains poisons that can cause cancer.Finally,plastic is made of oil,which is not endless.
The liquid wood technology is able to replace plastic and provide mankind with new materials for many years ahead.Arboform is a new material,which can be got from soft tissues(组织) of wood.Once mixed with several other ingredients(成分),it turns into solid and non-poisonous material.
The wood-working industry separates wood into three basic things including lignin(木质素),which is not used for the production of paper.
Specialists of an institute mixed lignin with several natural materials and thus invented the material which could be melted and moulded (铸造).
When solid arboform looks like plastic and possesses the qualities of wood,it can be used for the production of any items.
Arboform is already used for the production of car parts.However,the new invention does not enjoy a wide use due to the high content of sulphur(硫) in it.German researchers believe that they will be able to reduce the amount of sulphur by 90 percent very soon to make arboform usable for home needs.
In addition,liquid wood can be recycled repeatedly.The analysis of arboform showed that the material had all of its qualities even if it was reprocessed ten times.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。尽管塑料是20世纪最重要的科技发明之一,但德国科学家确信它很快就会被一种新型原料所代替,你知道这种原料是什么吗
(　　)1.What can we learn about liquid wood from the passage
[A]It has replaced plastic.
[B]It is made from natural oil.
[C]It has been widely used in household.
[D]It can be recycled repeatedly.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,液体木材可以被反复回收利用。故选D。
(　　)2.According to the passage,what will German researchers firstly focus their future work on
[A]Material’s wide use.
[B]Content of sulphur in arboform.
[C]Production cost of arboform.
[D]Qualities of liquid wood.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段可知,如果用 “liquid wood”代替塑料,科学家首先考虑的应该是如何去除“liquid wood”里面高含量的硫。故选B。
(　　)3.Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage
[A]Lignin contains poisons that can cause cancer.
[B]Plastic does harm to our society in many ways.
[C]The liquid wood helps to protect our environment.
[D]Arboform isn’t usable for home need at present.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。文章中没有介绍木质素含有致癌的毒素。故选A。
(　　)4.What’s the best title of the passage
[A]Plastic Has a Number of Disadvantages
[B]A New Material—Plastic
[C]Liquid Wood will Replace Plastic
[D]How to Protect Arboform
C
【解析】 标题归纳题。本文主要说明了一种新型材料“liquid wood”将会代替塑料,所以C项符合文章内容,可作文章的标题。故选C。UNIT 1　课时作业(二)
(分值:50分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.She puts a lot of time into her studies,that’s 　　　　 she’s always at the top of her class.
2.What I want to know is 　　　　 we can start our winter vacation.
3.Art is not 　　　　 you see,but what you make others see.
4.The reason why he often goes to the library is 　　　　 it has a good study environment.
5.To my surprise,the small village is no longer 　　　　 it used to be.
6.My biggest achievement in school is 　　　　 I’ve improved my communication skills.
7.The problem is 　　　　 I should solve this math problem.
8.The park was 　　　　　 we had our class picnic last year.
9.What I’m not sure about is 　　　　　 we should give up all extracurricular activities to prepare for the exam.
10.The question I’m hesitating about is 　　　　 course suits me better.
【答案】 1.why　2.when　3.what　4.that　5.what　6.that　7.how　8.where　9.whether　10.which
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.困扰我的是我该如何平衡学习和娱乐。
2.他最担心的仍然是他能否赢得大多数人的支持。
3.他错过了第一班公共汽车,那是因为他今天早上起晚了。
4.真正的挑战是谁能快速适应新环境。
5.这天气看起来好像快要下雨了。
【答案】 1.What bothers me is how I should balance study and entertainment.
2.What worries him most remains whether he can win the support of the majority.
3.He missed the first bus and that was because he got up late this morning.
4.The real challenge is who can adapt to the new environment quickly.
5.The weather looks as if it’s going to rain.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
　　Made of thin cotton and sewed together in only 20 minutes,an experimental pair of gloves isn’t particularly fashionable or useful for keeping anyone’s hands warm.Instead,they are used for an entirely different purpose: teaching piano.
In a study,a graduate student Luo of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and her colleagues created these “smart gloves” using advanced technology,which includes physical sensations such as vibration (振动) or force to help with learning activities.Researchers used the gloves to record one pianist’s hand movements while playing a song.They then relayed those movements to a student through fingertip vibrations,helping the learner build muscle memory and perform the piece with greater precision.
“Hand-based movements like piano playing are normally really subjective and difficult to record and transfer,” Luo says.“But with these gloves we are actually able to track a piano teacher’s touch experience and share it with another person to improve their tactile (触觉的) learning process.”
Using a computerised sewing machine,the team wove (织入) small wires linked to a pressure-sensing material in the gloves to detect hand motions.When a piano teacher wearing the gloves repeatedly performed a tune,a machine-learning algorithm(算法) processed their movement on the keys and translated it into instructional vibrations.Students wearing their own gloves then attempted to play the same tune,with the fingertip vibrations guiding them through proper movements.By the trials’ end,students who had practised with the gloves could play more accurately than those who had not.
Playing piano is often just for fun,but Rice University mechanical engineer O’Malley adds that with an improved algorithm,the new glove technology could someday help to teach crucial practices such as surgeries.“Instructional touch removes a step in the learning process that auditory and visual learning can’t.” she says.“When vibration is actually felt directly at the point of action,we can act and learn quicker and with that,there’s so much potential.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了麻省理工学院的研究生罗和她的同事们利用先进的技术创造了一款“智能手套”,虽不是很时尚,也不很保暖,但是它可以用来教钢琴。
(　　)1.What is presented in Paragraph 2
[A]Learning activities.
[B]Working principles.
[C]Theoretical models.
[D]Statistical methods.
【答案】 B
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第二段可知,罗和她的同事们利用先进的技术创造了这些“智能手套”。研究人员用这种手套记录了一位钢琴家弹奏歌曲时的手部动作。然后,他们通过指尖的振动将这些动作传递给学生来帮助学习者建立肌肉记忆,并更精确地演奏乐曲。由此可知,第二段主要介绍了智能手套的工作原理。故选B。
(　　)2.According to the passage,what technology was used to detect hand motions in “Smart Gloves”
[A]A sewing machine.
[B]Advanced vibration technology.
[C]A machine-learning algorithm.
[D]Small wires connected to a special material.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知,该团队使用一台计算机化的缝纫机,把一些与压力感应材料相连的小导线织在手套里,以检测手部运动。由此可知,这种手套中运用了一些与特殊的感应材料相连的导线。故选D。
(　　)3.What is the writing purpose of the last paragraph
[A]To introduce a global trend.
[B]To make some further predictions.
[C]To raise a reasonable doubt.
[D]To add some background information.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,弹钢琴通常只是为了好玩,但莱斯大学的机械工程师O’Malley补充说,通过改进算法,新的手套技术有朝一日可以帮助教授手术等关键操作。由此可知,最后一段主要预测了该技术除了用于钢琴类乐器教学,还可能在未来应用于其他领域。故选B。
(　　)4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
[A]The Importance of “Smart Gloves” in Teaching
[B]“Smart Gloves” are Replacing Teachers
[C]“Smart Gloves” Teach Piano Playing through Touch
[D]Learners can realise their potential via “Smart Gloves”
【答案】 C
【解析】 标题归纳题。根据第一段可知,实验中由薄棉布制成的手套的目的是教钢琴。再根据第二段中的“Researchers used the gloves to...with greater precision.”可知,研究人员用这种手套记录了一位钢琴家弹奏歌曲时的手部动作。然后,他们通过指尖的振动将这些动作传递给学生来帮助学习者建立肌肉记忆,并更精确地演奏乐曲。由此可知,本文主要介绍了一副“智能手套”,它可以通过触觉教授演奏钢琴。故选C。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
In the office of remote sensing scientist Liu Shaochuang,there is 1.　　　　 huge photograph of a camel he took a decade ago in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Wearing camouflage (伪装),he lay for hours by a pool of water in the Gobi Desert 2.　　　　(obtain) the image.Living in the harsh deserts,the even-toed camel is listed as 3.　　　　(critical) endangered.Experts evaluate that the population of this species is currently 4.　　　　(little) than 1,000,of which around 650 are in China.
Since 2012,Liu 5.　　　　(lead) a team in tracking and studying wild camels 6.　　　　(use) satellite remote sensing technology.Unlike zoologists who focus on species,Liu has instead studied the interrelationship between endangered animals and their environment,which he believes will help develop a few better protection 7.　　　　(strategy) in the face of climate change.In the run-up to World Wildlife Day on March 3,Liu’s research was held up as a successful example of 8.　　　　 technology can benefit animal protection efforts on Earth.
　　His studies have covered many fields,including polar region 9.　　　　(science) expeditions and mapping the headwaters of great rivers across the globe.What impresses us most is 10.　　　　 his research shows what advanced space technology can do to protect animals.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了遥感科学家刘少创利用卫星遥感技术跟踪和研究野生骆驼的经历,以及他的研究领域和取得的成就。
1.【答案】 a
【解析】 考查冠词。分析句子可知,设空处表示泛指,意为“一张;一幅”,应用不定冠词,且huge以辅音音素开头,应用a。故填a。
2.【答案】 to obtain
【解析】 考查动词不定式。分析句子可知,句子主干成分完整,设空处作句子的目的状语,表示“为了”,应用obtain的不定式形式。故填to obtain。
3.【答案】 critically
【解析】 考查副词。分析句子可知,设空处修饰endangered作状语,应用副词critically,意为“严重地;极大程度上”。故填critically。
4.【答案】 less
【解析】 考查比较级。由设空处后的连词than可知,此处要用形容词的比较级。故填less。
5.【答案】 has led/has been leading
【解析】 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,设空处作句子的谓语,时间状语为Since 2012,动作从过去开始发生,可以用现在完成时强调动作对现在的影响,也可以用现在完成进行时表示动作会继续进行下去,主语Liu为单数,助动词用has。故填has led/has been leading。
6.【答案】 using
【解析】 考查现在分词。分析句子可知,句子主干成分完整,设空处作方式状语,表示跟踪和研究野生骆驼的方式,应用use的现在分词形式。故填using。
7.【答案】 strategies
【解析】 考查名词复数。根据a few可知,此处指一些更好的保护策略,空处应用strategy的复数形式。故填strategies。
8.【答案】 how
【解析】 考查宾语从句。分析句子可知,设空处引导名词性从句作of的宾语,从句中缺少方式状语,设空处需表达“怎样;如何”,应用连接副词how作引导词。故填how。
9.【答案】 scientific
【解析】 考查形容词。分析句子可知,设空处作定语修饰expeditions,应用形容词scientific,意为“科学的”。故填scientific。
10.【答案】 that
【解析】 考查表语从句。分析句子可知,表语从句的内容是一个完整的句子,表示肯定的意思,不缺少成分,用that引导。故填that。(共40张PPT)
UNIT 1　课时作业(四)
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.subscribe (to)
(分值:52.5分)
单元知识综合练
A.vi.订阅　B.vi.赞成;同意　C.vi.捐助
①Bernard excitedly subscribed to John’s idea of making popcorn to earn some money.　　
②It was the outstanding astronomer who always subscribed to our school,for which we were sincerely grateful.　　
③(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)You can download the application and subscribe today to get your first issue free.　　
B
C
A
2.charge
A.vt.控告　B.n.职责;责任　C.vi.向……方向冲击　D.vt.收费　
E.v.给……充电
①The outstanding scientist is in charge of handling the matter.　　
②The library charges a fine for overdue books.　　
③She was charged with using a mobile phone on campus.　　
④The kind-hearted mechanic helped charge my phone.　　
⑤Seeing her mother,the cute girl charged forward and hugged her tightly.
　　
B
D
A
E
C
3.写出下列句子中黑体词的含义
①He is a solid friend who’s always willing to lend a hand when I need help.
　　　　　　　
②My heart was pumping with extreme excitement.　　　　　　　
可靠的
快速移动
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
How Mobile Technology Has Changed Our Lives Forever
The invention of the mobile phone and mobile technology was incredible.1.　　　Here we highlight the most common ones that technology has been changing our lives today.
G
Mobile technology has changed how we communicate.
The advancement of technology has made communication unbelievably fast and convenient.
In the past,writing a letter or finding a wired telephone was the best way to communicate with the people at a distance.2.　　　 You can send them a message on social media,text them,have a video chat with them,email them,or give them a call.
E
Mobile technology creates the “all-purpose” device.
With many businesses mobile technology has brought about,there are some products that have made out of date.Now just one device has replaced the portable (便携式的) music player,the alarm clock,the calculator,the camera,the flashlight,the calendar and much more.3.　
D
Mobile technology leads to ever present distraction.
In many places,it’s a common sight to see just about everyone with a mobile phone within his reach.From the first two aspects listed above,that can be useful.4.　　　 As mobile technology has become more and more widespread in today’s society,research has begun to connect heavy day-to-day use with a number of side effects,the majority of which are related to mental health.
C
5.　　　We should accept that mobile technology is here to stay and improve our lives for the better in spite of its shortcomings.In my opinion,
its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages.
B
A.We cannot ignore its disadvantages.
B.All in all,mobile technology greatly benefits our lives.
C.However,instant access is not always a good thing.
D.While these things do still exist,they are no longer absolutely essential.
E.Nowadays,you are blessed with more efficient options at your fingertips.
F.The conventional way of doing shopping has also changed beyond imagination.
G.Since then,advances in mobile technology have shaped our lives in various ways.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章从生活中几个常见的方面说明了移动技术对我们生活的改变,并且说明了尽管移动技术存在弊端,但它整体上是利大于弊的,它将继续存在,并使我们的生活变得更好。
1.【答案】 G
【解析】 根据设空处上一句和下一句可知,本段主要讲述移动技术改变了我们的生活。G 项符合段落主旨,能够引起下文,且选项中的shaped our lives和下文中的changing our lives相呼应。故选 G。
2.【答案】 E
【解析】 根据段落标题句“Mobile technology has changed how we communicate.”可知,此部分讲述的是移动技术对沟通方式的改变。设空处上一句介绍的是过去的沟通方式,而E项中的Nowadays和上文中的In the past形成对照,引出对现在沟通方式的说明。故选 E。
3.【答案】 D
【解析】 根据设空处上一句可知,由于移动技术的发展,现在一种设备可以拥有多种设备的功能。D项中的these things指代上文提到的多种设备。故选 D。
4.【答案】 C
【解析】 根据设空处下一句可知,本段讲述的是移动设备所带来的副作用。C 项中的not always a good thing与下文中的a number of side effects相呼应。故选 C。
5.【答案】 B
【解析】 根据设空处的下一句可知,文章认为,移动技术虽然有缺点,但对我们的生活还是利大于弊的。B项符合文章要表达的观点。故选B。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
In 2011,Adam Riess was my freshman roommate at MIT.Now he won the Nobel Prize in Physics for using the Hubble Space Telescope.
While looking at light given off from a distant star,Riess 　1　 that contrary (相反的) to the existing theory that the universe’s expansion was slowing down,it was actually 　2　.Riess said that when he first saw the data,he thought it was a(n) 　3　since it didn’t match the existing model.
But with 　4　 analyses and observations,he eventually realised that the data was right and that the model has to be 　5　.It’s now a generally
　6　 fact that the universe’s expansion is speeding up,mainly due to a force called “dark energy”.
When I met with Riess,we got to talking about his 　7　.I asked how he insisted that he should be right.He said my question 　8　 him of something that Richard Feynman said about science.“It doesn’t matter how beautiful your theory is.If it doesn’t 　9　 the experiment,it’s wrong.” Adam Riess continued,“I have always had a strong 　10　in the scientific method—you do an experiment to 　11　a hypothesis (假设) and if the data doesn’t fit and you can 　12　 the data,you must change the hypothesis.This is what makes science different and 　13　 of explaining the natural world.”
I think we need to 　14　 the way of doing scientific experiments and believe that repeated scientific experiments are an incredibly powerful and logical way to find the 　15　.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章介绍了诺贝尔奖获得者亚当·里斯(Adam Riess)用自己的亲身经历告诉我们要重视做科学实验,并相信重复的科学实验是一种发现真相的重要方式。
(　　)1.
A
【解析】 根据“While looking at light given off from a distant star”可知,
Riess在观察一颗遥远恒星发出的光,由此可知,这个发现是他观察到(observed)的结果。故选A。
[A]observed
[B]told
[C]expected
[D]imagined
(　　)2.
D
【解析】 根据“contrary (相反的) to the existing...was slowing down”可知,
Riess的理论与“宇宙膨胀放缓”相反,由此可知,他认为宇宙膨胀正在加速(quickening)。故选D。
[A]cracking
[B]missing
[C]weakening
[D]quickening
(　　)3.
B
【解析】 根据“since it didn’t match the existing model”可知,Riess的发现与现有的模型不匹配,由此可知,他最初认为这是一个错误(mistake)。
故选B。
[A]excuse
[B]mistake
[C]challenge
[D]difficulty
(　　)4.
C
【解析】 根据“he eventually realised that the data was right”可知,Riess最终意识到数据是正确的,由此可知,为了确认这一结果,经过了反复的(repeated)分析和观察。故选C。
[A]reported
[B]limited
[C]repeated
[D]selected
(　　)5.
D
【解析】 根据“he eventually realised that the data was right”可知,Riess最终意识到自己的数据是正确的,由此可知,之前的模型是错误的,必须得到纠正(corrected)。故选D。
[A]copied
[B]destroyed
[C]protected
[D]corrected
(　　)6.
B
【解析】 根据常识可知,新理论“宇宙的膨胀正在加速”是正确的,是公认的(accepted)。故选B。
[A]shocking
[B]accepted
[C]ignored
[D]promising
(　　)7.
C
[A]contribution
[B]concern
[C]discovery
[D]curiosity
【解析】 根据下文的“I asked how he insisted that he should be right.”可知,“我”问他怎么坚持认为自己是对的,由此可知,我们在谈论他的发现(discovery)。故选C。
(　　)8.
A
【解析】 根据下文的“It doesn’t matter how...the experiment,it’s wrong.”由此可知,“我”的问题让他想起了(reminded)理查德·费曼(Richard Feynman)的话。故选A。
[A]reminded
[B]warned
[C]informed
[D]convinced
(　　)9.
D
【解析】 根据句中“it’s wrong”可知,理论与实验不一致时,理论就是错的。故选D。
[A]end up with
[B]combine with
[C]give way to
[D]agree with
(　　)10.
C
【解析】 根据上文“he eventually realised that the data was right and that the model has to be 　5　”可知,Riess认为模型必须得到纠正,由此可知,这是他的信念(belief)。故选C项。
[A]emotion
[B]dream
[C]belief
[D]suggestion
(　　)11.
B
【解析】 根据上文“you do an experiment”可知,做实验的目的是检验一个假设,由此可知,句中指你做一个实验来检验(test)一个假设。故选B。
[A]create
[B]test
[C]change
[D]finish
(　　)12.
A
【解析】 根据“if the data doesn’t fit”可知,数据不符合时,我们要证明数据,由此可知,句中指如果数据不符合,你可以证明(prove)数据。故选A。
[A]prove
[B]share
[C]collect
[D]improve
(　　)13.
D
【解析】 根据句中“explaining the natural world”和常识可知,科学能够解释自然世界,“capable”意为“有能力的”,符合语境。故选D。
[A]worthy
[B]sensible
[C]independent
[D]capable
(　　)14.
C
【解析】 根据句中“believe that repeated scientific experiments are an incredibly powerful and logical way”可知,Adam Riess认为重复的科学实验是一种重要的方式,由此可知,句中指我们需要重视(value)做科学实验的方式。故选C。
[A]cover
[B]replace
[C]value
[D]discuss
(　　)15.
B
【解析】 根据句中“repeated scientific experiments”和常识可知,重复的科学实验是为了发现真相,由此可知,重复的科学实验是一种非常强大和合乎逻辑的发现真相(truth)的方式。故选B。
[A]law
[B]truth
[C]standard
[D]balance
Ⅳ.应用文写作(15分)
牛顿是世界著名的科学家,关于他的故事有很多,其中有一个牛顿煮鸡蛋的故事。有一次为他做饭的仆人外出,让牛顿自己煮鸡蛋,由于太投入工作,牛顿煮的是他的怀表而不是鸡蛋。请你根据牛顿煮鸡蛋的故事,以“A Story of Newton”为题写一篇文章,并据此发表一下自己对科学精神的看法。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
[写作指导]
One possible version:
A Story of Newton
Newton is one of the most outstanding and gifted scientists.So devoted was Newton that he often forgot the little things in his daily life.
Once,a servant who cooked for Newton wanted to go out,asking Newton to cook the eggs himself.However,when the servant came back,what he found was that not eggs but a pocket watch was being cooked in the pot.
From the story we can learn the success of outstanding scientists is closely linked to devotion.There is no denying that he is highly thought of by many people and he will live in the hearts of us forever.(共49张PPT)
UNIT 1　课时作业(三)
(分值:58.5分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共9题;每题1分,共9分)
1.On the playground,the children are happily chasing each other’s
　　　 　　(影子).
2.There was a big storm after midnight and the rain 　　 　　 (倾泻) down.
3.We need a 　　　 　 (具体的) plan to arrange our study activities for this weekend.
4.He is the only one of the 　　 　　 (助理) who is gifted in music.
shadows
poured
concrete
assistants
5.The player’s 　 　　　 (杰出的) performance left a deep impression on everyone present.
6.His description was so 　　　　 (生动的) that it made me feel like I was there.
7.The professor’s 　　 　　 (抽象的)theory is hard for us to understand.
8.This 　　 　　　(概念) is not easy to understand because the words seem to have opposite meanings.
9.This course is interesting,and 　　　 　(此外),it has taught me many practical skills.
outstanding
vivid
abstract
concept
furthermore
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共8题;每题1.5分,共12分)
1.One of the things that influenced me was meeting so many 　　　　(gift) young Chinese scientists.
2.Under the guidance of his teacher,his writing skills have been
　　　 　(steady) improving.
3.Under Dr.Smith’s 　　 　　(leader),the research team made significant advances in the field of science.
gifted
steadily
leadership
4.He didn’t like English 　　　 　 (initial),but with the help of his teacher,
he gradually became interested in it.
5.Participating in extracurricular activities has a positive impact
　　 　　 students’ social skills.
6.I’m very willing 　　　 　(help) classmates with their learning difficulties.
initially
on
to help
7.Our research 　 　　　(finding) indicate that reading for an hour every day can significantly improve writing skills.
8.She is familiar 　 　 the cultural customs of English-speaking countries,which helps her feel more confident in international communication.
findings
with
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.我很荣幸地向大家介绍负责这个科研项目的教授。(in charge of)
I’m honoured to introduce the professor in charge of the scientific
research project.
2.这个实验不仅取得了有效成果,而且还为进一步的研究提供了宝贵的数据。(not only...but also...的倒装结构)
Not only did the experiment achieve effective results,but also it provided
valuable data for further research.
3.当你疲劳的时候,没有什么比好好休息一下更好的了。(否定词+比较级)
There is nothing better than a good rest when you are tired.
4.最重要的是,我擅长英语口语,所以我和外国人交流没有困难。(above all)
Above all,I’m good at spoken English,so I have no difficulty in
communicating with foreigners.
5.史蒂文(Steven)有绘画天赋,能轻松理解我在课堂上描述的内容。
(have a gift for)
Steven has a gift for painting and he can easily understand what I
describe in class.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共11题;每题2.5分,共27.5分)
A
Here are the introductions and achievements of four scientists.
J ns Jacob Berzelius
J ns Jacob Berzelius was a Swedish chemist,often referred to as one of the founders of modern chemistry.He developed a system of chemical symbols,which laid the foundation for the establishment of the modern periodic table (现代元素周期表).Berzelius also made important discoveries in the field of electrochemistry.
Niels Henrik David Bohr
Niels Henrik David Bohr was a Danish physicist.He proposed the atomic model known as the Bohr model,which explained the behaviour of electrons moving in fixed energy levels or orbits around the atomic nucleus.His model helped explain the spectra (光谱) of elements and laid the groundwork for further developments in atomic physics.
Robert Boyle
Robert Boyle,born in Ireland,was regarded as one of the founders of modern chemistry,known for Boyle’s law.Boyle’s law describes the relationship between the pressure and volume (体积) of a gas at constant temperature.Boyle’s work laid the foundation for the modern understanding of gas behaviour and promoted the development of scientific experimental methods.
William Lawrence Bragg
William Lawrence Bragg was a physicist born in Australia who made significant contributions to X-ray crystallography (晶体学).Together with his father William Henry Bragg,he developed the famous Bragg’s law.This discovery revolutionised the field of crystallography and paved the way for determining the atomic and molecular (分子的) structures of various substances,including DNA and proteins.
【语篇导读】 本文是应用文。文章介绍了四位科学家和他们的成就。
(　　)1.What do we say about J ns Jacob Berzelius
[A]He invented a new chemical substance.
[B]He established the modern periodic table.
[C]He was referred to as a founder of modern physics.
[D]He made important achievements in the field of electrochemistry.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据J ns Jacob Berzelius标题下内容可知,他是一位瑞典化学家,被认为是现代化学的创始人之一。他发展了一套化学符号系统,为现代元素周期表的建立奠定了基础。贝采里乌斯在电化学领域也有重要发现。A项没有提及,B项和C项细节有误。故选D。
(　　)2.Who was born in Ireland
[A]J ns Jacob Berzelius.
[B]Niels Henrik David Bohr.
[C]Robert Boyle.
[D]William Lawrence Bragg.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据Robert Boyle标题下的“Robert Boyle,born in Ireland,was regarded as one of the founders of modern chemistry,known for Boyle’s law.”可知,Robert Boyle出生在爱尔兰。故选C。
(　　)3.What do Niels Henrik David Bohr and William Lawrence Bragg have in common
[A]They were born in Denmark.
[B]They made a contribution to physics.
[C]They discovered new models for chemistry.
[D]They did research together with their family.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据Niels Henrik David Bohr标题下的句子“...laid the groundwork for further developments in atomic physics”可知,
Niels Henrik David Bohr为原子物理学的进一步发展奠定了基础;由William Lawrence Bragg标题下的内容可知,William Lawrence Bragg是著名物理学家,与父亲一起发展了布拉格定律,对X射线晶体学作出了重大贡献。可知他们都对物理作出了贡献。故选B。
B
Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions,whether to Mars or other planets much further away.Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.Instead,we should feed the poor and find immediate solutions to other problems,such as pollution and fatal diseases.However,
others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us.
Firstly,exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.It has directly resulted in many satellites that now orbit Earth.A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns.Then the data is transmitted to scientists on Earth.After careful analysis,the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers.As a result,space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population.
Secondly,space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all.High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration.For example,
space technologies have helped the research and development of different types of new material.
They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that doctors regularly use.Today,space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries,and everyday products,such as memory foam pillows and smartphone cameras,are changing our lives.
Finally,sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s problems and even to find ways to solve them.Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited.In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population,scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home.The greatest attention at present is on Mars because it is closer to Earth.In the future humans may live on both planets.
In closing,exploring space provides the world with many different benefits.Therefore,it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems.
【语篇导读】 本文是议论文。文章主要阐述了探索太空带来的各种好处。
(　　)4.What will the writer go on to say next
[A]How to send many more satellites into space.
[B]When to live on Mars.
[C]How to use space technologies to make everyday products.
[D]How to go on exploring space.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,探索太空确实有诸多好处,由此推知,下文应就如何去探索太空展开论述。故选D。
(　　)5.What did help the research and development of different types of new material
[A]Space technologies.
[B]Many weather satellites.
[C]Excellent astronauts.
[D]Billions of dollars and lots of time.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For example...different types of new material.”可知,太空技术帮助人类研发了不同类型的新材料。故选A。
(　　)6.Which one of the followings can’t be learnt about according to this passage
[A]Scores of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns.
[B]Most people argue that we’d stop wasting time and money exploring space.
[C]Space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries.
[D]Human beings may live on both planets someday.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知,some和B项中的most矛盾,B项无法从文中得知。故选B。
(　　)7.What does the underlined phrase “In closing” in the last paragraph mean
[A]Most importantly.
[B]In addition.
[C]To conclude.
[D]What’s worse.
C
【解析】 猜测短语题。根据第二、第三、第四段逐项列举探索太空的好处可知,最后一段是对上文进行总结,由此推测In closing意为“最后”。故选C。
C
　　In the scientific history,few rivalries(竞争) have captured the imagination like the one between Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison.
These two inventors,each with their unique approaches and visions,
engaged in a fierce competition that forever transformed the world of electricity and innovation.
The paths of Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison first crossed in the late 1800s when Tesla arrived in the United States with his boundless enthusiasm and inventive spirit.Tesla,a young Serbian engineer,sought opportunities to work on his ambitious ideas.Edison,already an established inventor and entrepreneur,recognised Tesla’s talent and employed him at his company.
It was during Tesla’s time working for Edison that the seeds of rivalry were sown.Edison advocated direct current (DC) as the dominant method for electrical distribution,while Tesla saw the potential of alternating current (AC) systems,which offered greater efficiency over longer distances.
The turning point in their rivalry occurred with the Chicago World’s Fair in 1893.Tesla,backed by George Westinghouse,successfully showcased the superiority of AC by lighting the fairgrounds with his AC-powered system.This success crushed Edison’s claims of DC’s superiority,leading to the widespread adoption of AC as the standard for electrical power transmission (传输).
However,due to Edison’s influence,AC power was initially dismissed as dangerous and unreliable.In order to demonstrate its safety,Tesla held a public demonstration where he famously lit up a string of lights using his AC motor powered by Niagara Falls,proving once and for all that AC power was safe for use in homes and businesses around the world.
While both sides fought fiercely for control of electricity distribution networks across America,it was ultimately Tesla’s AC system that won out due to its greater efficiency over long distances compared with DC systems which quickly lost voltage (电压) as distance increased from their source point.Eventually even Edison himself came around and accepted defeat when he finally admitted that “Tesla has solved an extremely difficult problem”.
Despite their differences,the two men had an unwilling respect for each other.Edison was known to refer to Tesla as “one of the greatest electrical geniuses the world has ever seen” while Tesla praised Edison’s contributions to the field of electricity.Though their rivalry defined the development of electricity in the late 19th century,its impact still resonates
(产生共鸣) today.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。通过讲述尼古拉·特斯拉(Nikola Tesla)和托马斯·爱迪生(Thomas Edison)之间的竞争故事,详细说明了这两位发明家在电力创新领域所产生的影响以及他们各自的技术观点。
(　　)8.In which aspect did Tesla’s and Edison’s views on electrical systems differ
[A]The source of electrical power.
[B]The invention of electrical devices.
[C]The efficiency of power generation.
[D]The method of electrical transmission.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,正是在特斯拉为爱迪生工作的那段时间里,竞争的种子播下了。爱迪生主张将直流电(DC)作为主要的配电方式,而特斯拉则看到了交流电(AC)系统的潜力,交流电可以在更远的距离上提供更高的效率,由此可知,特斯拉和爱迪生在电力的传输方式方面有所不同。故选D。
(　　)9.How did Tesla prove the reliability of AC power
[A]By conducting a public experiment at Niagara Falls.
[B]By displaying AC-powered lighting in a community.
[C]By getting support from George Westinghouse.
[D]By highlighting the limitations of DC power.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段内容可知,为了证明交流电的安全性,特斯拉举行了一次公开演示,他用尼亚加拉大瀑布供电的交流电机点亮了一串灯,从而彻底证明了交流电在世界各地的家庭和企业中使用是安全的,由此可知,特斯拉通过在尼亚加拉大瀑布进行公开实验来证明交流电的可靠性。故选A。
(　　)10.Why did Tesla’s AC system finally achieve success
[A]It provided higher voltage outputs.
[B]It was easier to operate and maintain.
[C]It had superior long-range performance.
[D]It received more financial backing.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,虽然双方都在为控制美国各地的配电网络而激烈竞争,但最终特斯拉的交流电系统胜出,因为与直流电系统相比,它在长距离上的效率更高,而直流电系统随着距离源点的增加而迅速失去电压。最后,连爱迪生自己也接受了失败,他终于承认“特斯拉解决了一个极其困难的问题”。由此可知,是因交流电系统具有优越的远程性能,所以最终取得了成功。故选C。
(　　)11.What message does the author want to convey in the text
[A]Every cloud has a silver lining.
[B]Real knowledge comes from practice.
[C]A rising tide lifts all boats.
[D]Rivalry fuels progress.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段内容及最后一段可知,文章主要讲述了尼古拉·特斯拉和托马斯·爱迪生之间的竞争改变世界的电力发展,所以作者想在文章中传达的是竞争推动进步的观点。故选D。

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