资源简介

UNIT 3　课时作业(三)
(分值:55分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共8题;每题1分,共8分)
1.Although he is famous all over the country,he is still quite 　　 　　(谦虚的).
2.As far as I’m concerned,it is quality rather than 　　 　　(数量) that really counts.
3.　　　　 (总体上),a well-rounded diet that includes a variety of foods is the best approach for good health.
4.Some people may be 　　　　(欺骗) into believing that certain foods are healthier than they actually are.
5.The aim of this 　　　　(协会) is to increase people’s awareness of Chinese culture and traditions.
6.A 　　　　　(基本的) change in the organisation of health services was required.
7.I am particularly interested in the science fiction 　　　　(类别),and I can always find many good books to read.
8.My 　　　　　(理想的) college life is fulfilling and interesting,where I can learn a lot of knowledge and participate in various club activities.
【答案】 1.modest　2.quantity　3.Overall　4.tricked　5.association　6.fundamental　7.category　8.ideal
Ⅱ.句子语法填空 (共6题;每题1.5分,共9分)
1.A large quantity of books 　　　　(donate) to the school library by the community.
2.Generally speaking,we will associate a person’s character 　　　　 his growing surroundings.
3.I’ve limited myself 　　　　 1,000 calories a day to try and control my weight.
4.The success of any business 　　　　(fundamental) depends on its ability to adapt to changing market trends.
5.People who lose weight by skipping meals may end up 　　　　(gain) it back.
6.He recommended that the paper 　　　　(hand) in by Friday.
【答案】 1.were donated　2.with　3.to　4.fundamentally　5.gaining　6.(should) be handed　
Ⅲ.情境写作(共4题;每题2分,共8分)
1.当你们有误解和分歧时,你们最好设身处地为他人着想。 (while)
2.无论我在通往成功的路上遇到什么困难,我都不会放弃,我会为我理想的大学全力以赴。(regardless of)
3.这个实验室的设备比我们之前实验室的设备大两倍。(倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as)
4.每个人在生活中都会面临挑战。但是如何面对挑战取决于你自己。(it’s up to sb to do)
【答案】 1.While you have misunderstandings and disagreements,you’d better put yourself into others’ shoes.
2.Regardless of any difficulty I meet with on my way to success,I will never give up and go all out for my dream university.
3.The equipment in this lab is twice as large as that in our previous lab.
4.Everyone can face challenges in their life but it is up to you to decide how to face.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共12题;每题2.5分,共30分)
A
Previous research has shown that the Mediterranean(地中海的) diet offers a range of health benefits,from improving heart health to reducing risk of certain cancers.
However,the new findings suggest the other aspect.The study,conducted by a team of researchers from Binghamton University in New York,surveyed over 1,500 adults about their eating habits and measured their levels of perceived(感知到的) stress and mental suffering.
Through analysing a collection of information shown in numbers,the researchers found that people who consumed more items in the typical Mediterranean diet,such as whole grains,seafood,fruits,
vegetables and beans,tended to report lower levels of perceived stress and mental suffering.
In contrast,the researchers found that people who ate more foods typical of the Western diet,like fast food and high glycemic index(血糖指数) foods,tended to report higher levels of perceived stress and mental suffering.Interestingly,the team also observed a negative connection between eating meat and stress/suffering levels,despite meat being more related to the Western dietary pattern.
The researchers believe this could be because the Mediterranean diet provides a wide range of beneficial things that support brain function and regulate the body’s stress response system.For example,the healthy fats in the diet may help reduce inflammation,which has been linked to higher stress and poorer mental well-being.Diet is just one piece of the stress management puzzle,but this new research suggests it could be an important one,offering a simple,accessible way for people to potentially improve their mental health and stress resistance.
So,if you’re feeling too stressed,it may be worth trying to add more Mediterranean-style foods into your diet.Replacing processed snacks with fresh fruit and vegetables,choosing whole grains instead of refined(精制的) ones,and using olive oil instead of butter are all easy ways to start moving in a healthier direction.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了地中海饮食对健康的影响。
(　　)1.What aspect of the Mediterranean diet is previous research related to
[A]Its ways of cooking.
[B]Its physical health effect.
[C]Its easily being absorbed.
[D]Its mental health advantage.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。第一段提到,先前的研究表明,地中海饮食对健康有很多好处,从改善心脏健康到降低患某些癌症的风险。由此可知,之前的研究与地中海饮食对身体健康的影响有关,故选B。
(　　)2.How did researchers from Binghamton University draw their conclusion
[A]By doing worldwide surveys.
[B]By analysing reasons.
[C]By comparing the data.
[D]By referring to other studies.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Through analysing a collection of...and mental suffering.”可知,Binghamton University的研究人员是通过比较数据得出结论的,故选C。
(　　)3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
[A]The benefits of the Mediterranean diet on mental health and stress relief.
[B]The advice on how to choose Mediterranean-style foods.
[C]The connections between fats and health.
[D]The study focusing on healthy foods.
【答案】 A
【解析】 段落大意题。第四段第一句提到,研究人员认为,这可能是因为地中海饮食提供了广泛的有益的东西,支持大脑功能和调节身体的压力反应系统。由此可知,第四段主要讲的是地中海饮食对心理健康和缓解压力的好处,故选A。
(　　)4.Which food is typically included in the Mediterranean diet according to the text
[A]Seafood. [B]Potato chips.
[C]Refined beef. [D]Roast chicken.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知,通过分析一系列以数字显示的信息,研究人员发现,在典型的地中海饮食中食用更多食物的人,如全谷物、海鲜、水果、蔬菜和豆类,往往报告的感知压力和精神痛苦水平较低。由此可知,地中海饮食通常包括海鲜,故选A。
B
New research from Edith Cowan University (ECU) has found being confident in the kitchen is not only good for your taste buds,but also good for your mental health.
In total,657 participants undertook the seven-week healthy cooking course.Researchers found those who participated in the programme saw significant improvements in general health,mental health and subjective vitality immediately after the programme which remained six months after completing the course,when compared to the study’s control group.
“Improving people’s diet quality can be a preventive strategy to stop or slow the rise in poor mental health,obesity(肥胖症) and other health disorders,” Dr Joanna Rees said.“Future health programmes should continue to prioritise the barriers to healthy eating such as poor food environment and time restrictions,while placing greater emphasis on the value of healthy eating via quick and easy home-cooked meals,rich in fruit and vegetables and avoiding processed convenience foods.”
The Institute has previously found a link between eating more fruit and vegetables,and improving longer term mental health in a larger study collecting more complex dietary data,implying the participants in the current study may have felt better due to improved diet.However,the study showed participants’ mental health improved despite their reported diet not being found to have changed after completing the programme.
At the start of the programme,77 percent of participants who,identified as female claimed to be confident about cooking,compared to just 23 percent of those who identified as male.But at the end of the programme,cooking confidence and cooking skills were equal across both groups.
This change in confidence could see change to the household food environment by reducing the gender prejudice and leading to a gender balance in home cooking.This in turn may help to overcome some of the barriers presented by not knowing how to cook,such as easing the time limits which can lead to ready-made meals which are high in energy but low in nutritional value.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。一项新的研究发现,在厨房里保持自信不仅对味蕾有益,还对心理健康有益。
(　　)5.What can we learn from what Dr Joanna Rees said
[A]Processed convenience foods benefit people.
[B]Time restrictions lead to healthy eating.
[C]He thinks it urgent to improve people’s diet quality.
[D]Home-cooked meals are better choices.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,Dr Joanna Rees认为家常菜是更好的选择。故选D。
(　　)6.What is the benefit of eating more fruit and vegetables
[A]Better mental health.
[B]Improved memories.
[C]Losing weight.
[D]Increasing creativity.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知,多吃水果和蔬菜可以改善心理健康。故选A。
(　　)7.How did researchers know cooking can increase confidence
[A]By answering questions.
[B]By making contrasts.
[C]By giving examples.
[D]By analysing causes.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第五段内容可推知,通过对比,研究人员得出烹饪可以增加信心这一结论。故选B。
(　　)8.Which is a suitable title for the text
[A]Is the Kitchen Revolution Important
[B]Learning Cooking Course Turns Popular
[C]Healthy Home Cooking Equals a Healthy Mind
[D]Being Confident in the Kitchen Benefits Confidence
【答案】 C
【解析】 标题归纳题。根据第一段内容再结合文章介绍了这项研究开展的过程及其发现可知,C项适合作为本文标题。故选C。
C
Hunger is the greatest motive for the inexperienced cook.But many people are now worried that we are producing a generation without the slightest idea of how to cook—a generation that is frightened to cook.I have just received a handout from an organisation,which is running a competition to get children back into the kitchen.Has television cooking become a replacement for the real thing Is this an age where famous professional cooks have turned cooking into a sort of show,with dishes far too difficult for the beginners to copy
I decided to ask my oldest daughter,Miranda,for her opinion.Are children learning enough about the importance of good cooking Do they know cooking is a basic life skill Sociology and other “new” subjects are all very well,but without the ability to cook,or to understand the pleasure and principles of good food and its relationship to good health,are we really preparing them for adult life
Miranda started her cooking at the age of nine,when she decided to enter a cook competition.She was motivated by a different kind of greed: the first prize — a trip for free.
The problem,from the parental point of view,was that if she made it through to the regional (区域性的) finals,she would have to cook her meal in front of the judges.Some 30,000 children entered and she made it through as the youngest regional finalist.Now she had to learn to cook.Her hands were not even big enough to hold the knife and slice the onions.Six Saturdays running we ate the same lunch—Mozzarella meatballs in fresh tomato juice and blueberry.
First,she cooked by my side,then alone with timings and instructions.Finally,she went alone against the clock.The kitchen looked like a battlefield,but she had gained victory.The tiny figure then stood in an unknown Bristol hotel,looking like a professional who had been at the stove for years.She didn’t win,but she came home with ￡50 and the most valuable part of them all: confidence.
【语篇导读】 本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者认为烹饪是一项基本的生活技能,因此让女儿参加了儿童烹饪大赛。虽然女儿没有赢得比赛,但却收获了自信。
(　　)9.Who are the competition run by an organisation intended for
[A]Children. [B]Parents.
[C]Teachers. [D]Chefs.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I have just received a handout from an organisation,which is running a competition to get children back into the kitchen.”可知,比赛主要是为孩子们而设置的。故选A。
(　　)10.Why does the writer think cooking is so important
[A]Because it is an easy way to keep healthy.
[B]Because it helps develop relationships.
[C]Because it is a necessary skill for life.
[D]Because it can save a lot of money.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,作者认为烹饪是一项生活中的必要技能。故选C。
(　　)11.Why did the writer’s family have the same lunch on six Saturdays
[A]Because the family stuck to healthy food.
[B]Because Miranda had to practise cooking.
[C]Because the dish was the family’s only food.
[D]Because the dish was Miranda’s favourite meal.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Now she had to learn to cook.”可知,作者一家人在六个星期六都吃着同样的午餐,是因为Miranda不得不练习烹饪。故选B。
(　　)12.What did Miranda gain from the competition
[A]A trip for free.
[B]Support from friends.
[C]A medal for the winner.
[D]Belief in herself.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,Miranda从比赛中收获了自信。故选D。UNIT 3　课时作业(二)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共8题;每题1.5分,共12分)
1.By the end of the semester,we 　　　　(complete) all the required coursework.
2.He said he 　　　　(hope) to spend the important day with us,but he was too busy then.
3.The twins,who 　　　　(finish) their homework,were allowed to play badminton on the playground.
4.Arriving at the party in a great hurry,we were disappointed to find that people 　　　 　
(leave).
5.Returning to the camp,they were shocked to find that everything 　　　　(ruin).
6.It was the first time that my daughter 　　　　(ask) to sing in public and she was a bit nervous.
7.Before she came to China,Grace 　　　　(teach) English in a middle school for about five years.
8.All the film tickets 　　　　(sell) out when I got to the cinema.
【答案】 1.had completed　2.had hoped　3.had finished　4.had left　5.had been ruined　6.had been asked　7.had taught　8.had been sold
Ⅱ.情境写作(共4题;每题2分,共8分)
1.他在上大学之前就学会了弹钢琴。
2.我刚吃完晚饭,电话就响了。
3.当她到达聚会时,她发现她的大多数朋友都已经到了。
4.我到图书馆的时候,发现我想要的那本书已经被借走了。
【答案】 1.He had learnt to play the piano before he went to college.
2.I had just finished my dinner when the phone rang.
3.When she got to the party,she found that most of her friends had already arrived.
4.When I got to the library,I found that the book I wanted had already been borrowed.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
　　A short cooking video posted by a netizen on the Internet became a popular hit on the site.Bearing the tag “Chinese food”,the video not only showed off the chef’s superb skills in making Chinese dishes,but it also let netizens abroad want to get a taste of China’s unique food culture.
Although the video was nothing master-level,just a rather standard homemade fried potato dish,it was well received.In addition to praising the chef,commentators wondered why such a simple Chinese dish could look like a fancy cuisine that had been made through tons of effort.“Even the most basic Chinese dish needs to have three elements: colour,smell and taste.For example,colour not only requires a chef to have sharp eyes,but also valuable experience,” said Wang,an experienced Chinese chef in Guangzhou.
Chinese cooking is not the only type of content covered by the tag.Other popular videos under the tag include “odd food” challenges,traditional Chinese dishes and Chinese snack tasting,the latter of which has become particularly popular among young omnivore vloggers (video bloggers) living in a world of continually expanding cultural globalisation.
“I have been a fan of Chinese food ever since my Chinese friend cooked me di san xian at university.I was surprised by the dish’s taste and its look,which was very different from my home food,but felt it was very familiar to me because I noticed we share similar cooking skills,” said Bianca,an Italian Asian food fan.
“I started my channel by recording my roommate tasting my cooking.These videos got likes and comments gradually.Seeing some people commenting in German or English and saying ‘I want to try it’,I felt these videos can narrow the gap between the two cultures,” said Mr Bear,a vlogger who promotes Chinese cooking.
【语篇导读】 本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍了中国烹饪在国内外的年轻人中广泛流行的事情。
(　　)1.What does the underlined word “omnivore” in Paragraph 3 refer to
[A]People eating meat.
[B]People eating diverse food.
[C]People eating strange food.
[D]People eating vegetables.
【答案】 B
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据画线词上文可知,喜欢“奇特食物”挑战、中国传统菜肴和中国小吃的年轻人应该是喜欢吃不同种类食物的人,B项能够解释画线词的意思。故选B。
(　　)2.How does Bianca find Chinese food
[A]Common and dear.
[B]Expensive and delicious.
[C]Similar and disconnected.
[D]Special and familiar.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知,Bianca认为中国的地三鲜与他家乡的菜大不相同,但又觉得很熟悉,因为这和他家乡的菜有相似的烹饪技巧,由此可知,Bianca觉得中国菜是特殊和熟悉的。故选D。
(　　)3.What do we know about Mr Bear from the last paragraph
[A]He is an expert determined to become a Chinese chef.
[B]The majority of his fans tasted the food he cooked.
[C]His videos make a difference to cultural communication.
[D]His roommate encouraged him to cook Chinese food.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,Mr Bear的视频让外国人了解了中国美食,推广了中国烹饪,缩小了两种文化之间的差距;则通过最后一段我们了解到Mr Bear的视频对文化交流产生了影响。故选C。
(　　)4.What does the passage mainly talk about
[A]Chinese cooking has become popular among young people.
[B]Advanced technology plays a great part in modern society.
[C]Online videos can make young people internationally famous.
[D]Master-level Chinese dishes are attracting more foreign fans.
【答案】 A
【解析】 主旨大意题。通读文章内容可知,本文通过中国菜的烹饪视频在网络上受到欢迎的例子告诉我们,中国烹饪在年轻人中很受欢迎。故选A。
Ⅳ.语法填空 (共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
　　The crispy (松脆的) pancakes,usually called jian bing,are one of China’s most popular 1.　　　　 (breakfast).You can often see them in the street.The pancakes,2.　　　　 are thought to have originated during the Three Kingdoms Period,have a 3.　　　　 (long) history than almost any other Chinese street foods.Each pancake 4.　　　　 (cook) on a circular cast-iron grill,just the way you want it.
Almost every large city neighbourhood across China has 5.　　　　 (it) own vendors(摊贩) serving the pancakes to satisfy hungry people on their way to work.In the morning,the vendors appear 6.　　　　 everything they need.They pack up necessities and put them on the back of a bicycle or a motorbike.7.　　　　 (preserve) the crispness and freshness of the pancakes,the vendors 8.　　　　 (bare) make them ahead of time.Waiting for your turn is part of the food culture.Of course,if pancakes were that easy to make,they would have taken the world by storm long before now.The challenge in making 9.　　　　 dish is that the batter(面糊) and fillings 10.　　　　 (use) in the pancakes differ by regions.In the north of China,the batter may be made of mung bean flour and black bean flour,while on the east coast of China,it’s a combination of wheat flour and bean flour.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了煎饼的相关情况。
1.【答案】 breakfasts
【解析】 考查名词复数。设空处前有one of,设空处应用可数名词复数形式。故填breakfasts。
2.【答案】 which
【解析】 考查定语从句。设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词pancakes是物,因此设空处应用关系代词which。故填which。
3.【答案】 longer
【解析】 考查形容词比较级。由后面的than可知,设空处应用比较级longer。故填longer。
4.【答案】 is cooked
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语,cook与pancake之间是动宾关系,句子应用被动语态;句子描述客观事实,应用一般现在时;主语pancake是单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填is cooked。
5.【答案】 its
【解析】 考查物主代词。one’s own意为“某人自己的”,结合句意,设空处应用its。故填its。
6.【答案】 with
【解析】 考查介词。根据语境可知,句子表示“摊贩们带着他们需要的一切出现了”,应用with。故填with。
7.【答案】 To preserve
【解析】 考查动词不定式。根据语境可知,设空处应用动词不定式表目的,位于句首的单词首字母大写。故填To preserve。
8.【答案】 barely
【解析】 考查副词。设空处应用副词修饰动词make,bare的副词是barely。故填barely。
9.【答案】 the
【解析】 考查冠词。此处应用定冠词the特指dish。故填the。
10.【答案】 used
【解析】 考查过去分词。that引导的从句中谓语是differ,设空处用非谓语动词,use和batter and fillings之间是动宾关系,因此设空处用过去分词形式表被动。故填used。(共33张PPT)
UNIT 3　课时作业(三)
(分值:55分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共8题;每题1分,共8分)
1.Although he is famous all over the country,he is still quite 　　 　　 (谦虚的).
2.As far as I’m concerned,it is quality rather than 　　 　 　(数量) that really counts.
3.　　　　 (总体上),a well-rounded diet that includes a variety of foods is the best approach for good health.
4.Some people may be 　　　　(欺骗) into believing that certain foods are healthier than they actually are.
modest
quantity
Overall
tricked
5.The aim of this 　　　 　(协会) is to increase people’s awareness of Chinese culture and traditions.
6.A 　 　　　　(基本的) change in the organisation of health services was required.
7.I am particularly interested in the science fiction 　　　　(类别),and I can always find many good books to read.
8.My 　　　　　(理想的) college life is fulfilling and interesting,where I can learn a lot of knowledge and participate in various club activities.
association
fundamental
category
ideal
Ⅱ.句子语法填空 (共6题;每题1.5分,共9分)
1.A large quantity of books 　 　　　(donate) to the school library by the community.
2.Generally speaking,we will associate a person’s character 　　　　 his growing surroundings.
3.I’ve limited myself 　　　　 1,000 calories a day to try and control my weight.
were donated
with
to
4.The success of any business 　　 　　(fundamental) depends on its ability to adapt to changing market trends.
5.People who lose weight by skipping meals may end up 　　　　(gain) it back.
6.He recommended that the paper 　 　　　(hand) in by Friday.
fundamentally　
gaining
(should) be handed　
Ⅲ.情境写作(共4题;每题2分,共8分)
1.当你们有误解和分歧时,你们最好设身处地为他人着想。 (while)
While you have misunderstandings and disagreements,you’d better put yourself into others’ shoes.
2.无论我在通往成功的路上遇到什么困难,我都不会放弃,我会为我理想的大学全力以赴。(regardless of)
Regardless of any difficulty I meet with on my way to success,I will never give up and go all out for my dream university.
3.这个实验室的设备比我们之前实验室的设备大两倍。(倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as)
The equipment in this lab is twice as large as that in our previous lab.
4.每个人在生活中都会面临挑战。但是如何面对挑战取决于你自己。(it’s up to sb to do)
Everyone can face challenges in their life but it is up to you to decide how to face.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共12题;每题2.5分,共30分)
A
Previous research has shown that the Mediterranean(地中海的) diet offers a range of health benefits,from improving heart health to reducing risk of certain cancers.
However,the new findings suggest the other aspect.The study,conducted by a team of researchers from Binghamton University in New York,surveyed over 1,500 adults about their eating habits and measured their levels of perceived(感知到的) stress and mental suffering.
Through analysing a collection of information shown in numbers,the researchers found that people who consumed more items in the typical Mediterranean diet,such as whole grains,seafood,fruits,vegetables and beans,tended to report lower levels of perceived stress and mental suffering.
In contrast,the researchers found that people who ate more foods typical of the Western diet,like fast food and high glycemic index(血糖指数) foods,tended to report higher levels of perceived stress and mental suffering.Interestingly,the team also observed a negative connection between eating meat and stress/suffering levels,despite meat being more related to the Western dietary pattern.
The researchers believe this could be because the Mediterranean diet provides a wide range of beneficial things that support brain function and regulate the body’s stress response system.For example,the healthy fats in the diet may help reduce inflammation,which has been linked to higher stress and poorer mental well-being.Diet is just one piece of the stress management puzzle,but this new research suggests it could be an important one,offering a simple,accessible way for people to potentially improve their mental health and stress resistance.
So,if you’re feeling too stressed,it may be worth trying to add more Mediterranean-style foods into your diet.Replacing processed snacks with fresh fruit and vegetables,choosing whole grains instead of refined(精制的) ones,and using olive oil instead of butter are all easy ways to start moving in a healthier direction.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了地中海饮食对健康的影响。
(　　)1.What aspect of the Mediterranean diet is previous research
related to
[A]Its ways of cooking.
[B]Its physical health effect.
[C]Its easily being absorbed.
[D]Its mental health advantage.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。第一段提到,先前的研究表明,地中海饮食对健康有很多好处,从改善心脏健康到降低患某些癌症的风险。由此可知,之前的研究与地中海饮食对身体健康的影响有关,故选B。
(　　)2.How did researchers from Binghamton University draw their conclusion
[A]By doing worldwide surveys.
[B]By analysing reasons.
[C]By comparing the data.
[D]By referring to other studies.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Through analysing a collection of...and mental suffering.”可知,Binghamton University的研究人员是通过比较数据得出结论的,故选C。
(　　)3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
[A]The benefits of the Mediterranean diet on mental health and stress relief.
[B]The advice on how to choose Mediterranean-style foods.
[C]The connections between fats and health.
[D]The study focusing on healthy foods.
A
【解析】 段落大意题。第四段第一句提到,研究人员认为,这可能是因为地中海饮食提供了广泛的有益的东西,支持大脑功能和调节身体的压力反应系统。由此可知,第四段主要讲的是地中海饮食对心理健康和缓解压力的好处,故选A。
(　　)4.Which food is typically included in the Mediterranean diet according to the text
[A]Seafood. [B]Potato chips.
[C]Refined beef. [D]Roast chicken.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知,通过分析一系列以数字显示的信息,研究人员发现,在典型的地中海饮食中食用更多食物的人,如全谷物、海鲜、水果、蔬菜和豆类,往往报告的感知压力和精神痛苦水平较低。由此可知,地中海饮食通常包括海鲜,故选A。
B
New research from Edith Cowan University (ECU) has found being confident in the kitchen is not only good for your taste buds,but also good for your mental health.
In total,657 participants undertook the seven-week healthy cooking course.Researchers found those who participated in the programme saw significant improvements in general health,mental health and subjective vitality immediately after the programme which remained six months after completing the course,when compared to the study’s control group.
“Improving people’s diet quality can be a preventive strategy to stop or slow the rise in poor mental health,obesity(肥胖症) and other health disorders,” Dr Joanna Rees said.“Future health programmes should continue to prioritise the barriers to healthy eating such as poor food environment and time restrictions,while placing greater emphasis on the value of healthy eating via quick and easy home-cooked meals,rich in fruit and vegetables and avoiding processed convenience foods.”
The Institute has previously found a link between eating more fruit and vegetables,and improving longer term mental health in a larger study collecting more complex dietary data,implying the participants in the current study may have felt better due to improved diet.However,the study showed participants’ mental health improved despite their reported diet not being found to have changed after completing the programme.
At the start of the programme,77 percent of participants who,identified as female claimed to be confident about cooking,compared to just 23 percent of those who identified as male.But at the end of the programme,
cooking confidence and cooking skills were equal across both groups.
This change in confidence could see change to the household food environment by reducing the gender prejudice and leading to a gender balance in home cooking.This in turn may help to overcome some of the barriers presented by not knowing how to cook,such as easing the time limits which can lead to ready-made meals which are high in energy but low in nutritional value.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。一项新的研究发现,在厨房里保持自信不仅对味蕾有益,还对心理健康有益。
(　　)5.What can we learn from what Dr Joanna Rees said
[A]Processed convenience foods benefit people.
[B]Time restrictions lead to healthy eating.
[C]He thinks it urgent to improve people’s diet quality.
[D]Home-cooked meals are better choices.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,Dr Joanna Rees认为家常菜是更好的选择。故选D。
(　　)6.What is the benefit of eating more fruit and vegetables
[A]Better mental health.
[B]Improved memories.
[C]Losing weight.
[D]Increasing creativity.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知,多吃水果和蔬菜可以改善心理健康。故选A。
(　　)7.How did researchers know cooking can increase confidence
[A]By answering questions.
[B]By making contrasts.
[C]By giving examples.
[D]By analysing causes.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第五段内容可推知,通过对比,研究人员得出烹饪可以增加信心这一结论。故选B。
(　　)8.Which is a suitable title for the text
[A]Is the Kitchen Revolution Important
[B]Learning Cooking Course Turns Popular
[C]Healthy Home Cooking Equals a Healthy Mind
[D]Being Confident in the Kitchen Benefits Confidence
C
【解析】 标题归纳题。根据第一段内容再结合文章介绍了这项研究开展的过程及其发现可知,C项适合作为本文标题。故选C。
C
Hunger is the greatest motive for the inexperienced cook.But many people are now worried that we are producing a generation without the slightest idea of how to cook—a generation that is frightened to cook.I have just received a handout from an organisation,which is running a competition to get children back into the kitchen.Has television cooking become a replacement for the real thing Is this an age where famous professional cooks have turned cooking into a sort of show,with dishes far too difficult for the beginners to copy
I decided to ask my oldest daughter,Miranda,for her opinion.Are children learning enough about the importance of good cooking Do they know cooking is a basic life skill Sociology and other “new” subjects are all very well,but without the ability to cook,or to understand the pleasure and principles of good food and its relationship to good health,are we really preparing them for adult life
Miranda started her cooking at the age of nine,when she decided to enter a cook competition.She was motivated by a different kind of greed: the first prize — a trip for free.
The problem,from the parental point of view,was that if she made it through to the regional (区域性的) finals,she would have to cook her meal in front of the judges.Some 30,000 children entered and she made it through as the youngest regional finalist.Now she had to learn to cook.Her hands were not even big enough to hold the knife and slice the onions.Six Saturdays running we ate the same lunch—Mozzarella meatballs in fresh tomato juice and blueberry.
First,she cooked by my side,then alone with timings and instructions.
Finally,she went alone against the clock.The kitchen looked like a battlefield,but she had gained victory.The tiny figure then stood in an unknown Bristol hotel,looking like a professional who had been at the stove for years.She didn’t win,but she came home with ￡50 and the most valuable part of them all: confidence.
【语篇导读】 本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者认为烹饪是一项基本的生活技能,因此让女儿参加了儿童烹饪大赛。虽然女儿没有赢得比赛,但却收获了自信。
(　　)9.Who are the competition run by an organisation intended for
[A]Children. [B]Parents.
[C]Teachers. [D]Chefs.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I have just received a handout from an organisation,which is running a competition to get children back into the kitchen.”可知,比赛主要是为孩子们而设置的。故选A。
(　　)10.Why does the writer think cooking is so important
[A]Because it is an easy way to keep healthy.
[B]Because it helps develop relationships.
[C]Because it is a necessary skill for life.
[D]Because it can save a lot of money.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,作者认为烹饪是一项生活中的必要技能。故选C。
(　　)11.Why did the writer’s family have the same lunch on six Saturdays
[A]Because the family stuck to healthy food.
[B]Because Miranda had to practise cooking.
[C]Because the dish was the family’s only food.
[D]Because the dish was Miranda’s favourite meal.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Now she had to learn to cook.”可知,作者一家人在六个星期六都吃着同样的午餐,是因为Miranda不得不练习烹饪。故选B。
(　　)12.What did Miranda gain from the competition
[A]A trip for free.
[B]Support from friends.
[C]A medal for the winner.
[D]Belief in herself.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,Miranda从比赛中收获了自信。故选D。(共32张PPT)
UNIT 3　课时作业(二)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共8题;每题1.5分,共12分)
1.By the end of the semester,we 　　 　　(complete) all the required coursework.
2.He said he 　　　 (hope) to spend the important day with us,but he was too busy then.
3.The twins,who 　　　 　(finish) their homework,were allowed to play badminton on the playground.
4.Arriving at the party in a great hurry,we were disappointed to find that people 　　　　(leave).
had completed
had hoped
had finished
had left
5.Returning to the camp,they were shocked to find that everything
　　 　　(ruin).
6.It was the first time that my daughter 　　 　 　(ask) to sing in public and she was a bit nervous.
7.Before she came to China,Grace 　　　 　(teach) English in a middle school for about five years.
8.All the film tickets 　　 　 　(sell) out when I got to the cinema.
had been ruined
had been asked
had taught
had been sold
Ⅱ.情境写作(共4题;每题2分,共8分)
1.他在上大学之前就学会了弹钢琴。
He had learnt to play the piano before he went to college.
2.我刚吃完晚饭,电话就响了。
I had just finished my dinner when the phone rang.
3.当她到达聚会时,她发现她的大多数朋友都已经到了。
When she got to the party,she found that most of her friends had already
arrived.
4.我到图书馆的时候,发现我想要的那本书已经被借走了。
When I got to the library,I found that the book I wanted had already
been borrowed.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
　　A short cooking video posted by a netizen on the Internet became a popular hit on the site.Bearing the tag “Chinese food”,the video not only showed off the chef’s superb skills in making Chinese dishes,but it also let netizens abroad want to get a taste of China’s unique food culture.
Although the video was nothing master-level,just a rather standard homemade fried potato dish,it was well received.In addition to praising the chef,commentators wondered why such a simple Chinese dish could look like a fancy cuisine that had been made through tons of effort.“Even the most basic Chinese dish needs to have three elements: colour,smell and taste.For example,colour not only requires a chef to have sharp eyes,but also valuable experience,” said Wang,an experienced Chinese chef in Guangzhou.
Chinese cooking is not the only type of content covered by the tag.
Other popular videos under the tag include “odd food” challenges,
traditional Chinese dishes and Chinese snack tasting,the latter of which has become particularly popular among young omnivore vloggers (video bloggers) living in a world of continually expanding cultural globalisation.
“I have been a fan of Chinese food ever since my Chinese friend cooked me di san xian at university.I was surprised by the dish’s taste and its look,which was very different from my home food,but felt it was very familiar to me because I noticed we share similar cooking skills,” said Bianca,an Italian Asian food fan.
“I started my channel by recording my roommate tasting my cooking.These videos got likes and comments gradually.Seeing some people commenting in German or English and saying ‘I want to try it’,I felt these videos can narrow the gap between the two cultures,” said Mr Bear,a vlogger who promotes Chinese cooking.
【语篇导读】 本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍了中国烹饪在国内外的年轻人中广泛流行的事情。
(　　)1.What does the underlined word “omnivore” in Paragraph 3 refer to
[A]People eating meat.
[B]People eating diverse food.
[C]People eating strange food.
[D]People eating vegetables.
B
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据画线词上文可知,喜欢“奇特食物”挑战、中国传统菜肴和中国小吃的年轻人应该是喜欢吃不同种类食物的人,B项能够解释画线词的意思。故选B。
(　　)2.How does Bianca find Chinese food
[A]Common and dear.
[B]Expensive and delicious.
[C]Similar and disconnected.
[D]Special and familiar.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知,Bianca认为中国的地三鲜与他家乡的菜大不相同,但又觉得很熟悉,因为这和他家乡的菜有相似的烹饪技巧,由此可知,Bianca觉得中国菜是特殊和熟悉的。故选D。
(　　)3.What do we know about Mr Bear from the last paragraph
[A]He is an expert determined to become a Chinese chef.
[B]The majority of his fans tasted the food he cooked.
[C]His videos make a difference to cultural communication.
[D]His roommate encouraged him to cook Chinese food.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,Mr Bear的视频让外国人了解了中国美食,推广了中国烹饪,缩小了两种文化之间的差距;则通过最后一段我们了解到Mr Bear的视频对文化交流产生了影响。故选C。
(　　)4.What does the passage mainly talk about
[A]Chinese cooking has become popular among young people.
[B]Advanced technology plays a great part in modern society.
[C]Online videos can make young people internationally famous.
[D]Master-level Chinese dishes are attracting more foreign fans.
A
【解析】 主旨大意题。通读文章内容可知,本文通过中国菜的烹饪视频在网络上受到欢迎的例子告诉我们,中国烹饪在年轻人中很受欢迎。故选A。
Ⅳ.语法填空 (共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
　　The crispy (松脆的) pancakes,usually called jian bing,are one of China’s most popular 1.　　 　　 (breakfast).You can often see them in the street.The pancakes,2.　　　　 are thought to have originated during the Three Kingdoms Period,have a 3.　　　　 (long) history than almost any other Chinese street foods.Each pancake 4.　　　　 (cook) on a circular cast-iron grill,just the way you want it.
breakfasts
which
longer
is cooked
Almost every large city neighbourhood across China has 5.　 　 (it) own vendors(摊贩) serving the pancakes to satisfy hungry people on their way to work.In the morning,the vendors appear 6.　　　　 everything they need.They pack up necessities and put them on the back of a bicycle or a motorbike.7.　　 　　 (preserve) the crispness and freshness of the pancakes,the vendors 8.　　　　 (bare) make them ahead of time.Waiting for your turn is part of the food culture.
its
with
To preserve
barely
Of course,if pancakes were that easy to make,they would have taken the world by storm long before now.The challenge in making 9.　　　　 dish is that the batter(面糊) and fillings 10.　　　　 (use) in the pancakes differ by regions.In the north of China,the batter may be made of mung bean flour and black bean flour,while on the east coast of China,it’s a combination of wheat flour and bean flour.
the
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了煎饼的相关情况。
used
1.【答案】 breakfasts
【解析】 考查名词复数。设空处前有one of,设空处应用可数名词复数形式。故填breakfasts。
2.【答案】 which
【解析】 考查定语从句。设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词pancakes是物,因此设空处应用关系代词which。故填which。
3.【答案】 longer
【解析】 考查形容词比较级。由后面的than可知,设空处应用比较级longer。故填longer。
4.【答案】 is cooked
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语,cook与pancake之间是动宾关系,句子应用被动语态;句子描述客观事实,应用一般现在时;主语pancake是单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填is cooked。
5.【答案】 its
【解析】 考查物主代词。one’s own意为“某人自己的”,结合句意,设空处应用its。故填its。
6.【答案】 with
【解析】 考查介词。根据语境可知,句子表示“摊贩们带着他们需要的一切出现了”,应用with。故填with。
7.【答案】 To preserve
【解析】 考查动词不定式。根据语境可知,设空处应用动词不定式表目的,位于句首的单词首字母大写。故填To preserve。
8.【答案】 barely
【解析】 考查副词。设空处应用副词修饰动词make,bare的副词是barely。故填barely。
9.【答案】 the
【解析】 考查冠词。此处应用定冠词the特指dish。故填the。
10.【答案】 used
【解析】 考查过去分词。that引导的从句中谓语是differ,设空处用非谓语动词,use和batter and fillings之间是动宾关系,因此设空处用过去分词形式表被动。故填used。[头脑风暴·思维发散]
　　Cuisine is a representation of culture.In China,dim sum is not just food; it’s a carrier of social events where families gather.The minimum of ingredients creates wonderful flavour,showing respect for nature.A vegetarian diet,chosen for health or other reasons,reflects a culture’s values.Eating in moderation is a fundamental principle,as it helps maintain a balanced life through the intake of vitamins and fibre.These culinary practices are the threads that weave the rich tapestry of global cultures.
菜肴是文化的一种表现形式。在中国,点心不仅仅是食物,它还是一种家庭聚集的社会性活动的载体。最少的食材创造出绝妙的风味,显示出对自然的尊重。出于健康或其他原因选择的素食反映了一种文化的价值观念。适度饮食是一个基本原则,它有助于通过摄入维生素和纤维来保持生活的平衡。这些烹饪习惯是编织全球文化丰富画卷的线。
Reading and Thinking,Learning About Language
写作词汇
1.bold　　　　 adj.大胆自信的;敢于冒险的
2.chef n.厨师;主厨
3.stuff vt.填满;把……塞进
n.东西;物品
4.temper n.脾气;火气
5.junk n.无用的东西
6.cabbage n.甘蓝;卷心菜;洋白菜
7.brand n.品牌
8.canteen n.食堂;餐厅
阅读词汇
1.cuisine　　　　 n.菜肴;风味;烹饪
2.pepper n.甜椒;灯笼椒;胡椒粉
3.recipe n.烹饪法;食谱
4.onion n.洋葱;葱头
5.lamb n.羊羔肉;羔羊
6.vegetarian n.素食者
7.garlic n.蒜
8.bacon n.熏猪肉;咸肉
9.ham n.火腿
10.sausage n.香肠;腊肠
11.ingredient n.(尤指烹饪)材料;成分
12.dessert n.(饭后)甜点
13.cafeteria n.自助餐厅;自助食堂
拓展词汇
1.prior adj.先前的;优先的→priority n.优先;优先权;优先事项;最重要的事
2.consist vi.由……组成(或构成)→consistent adj.一致的;连续的;始终如一的→consistently adv.一贯地;一致地;始终如一地→consistency n.一致性;连贯性
3.elegant adj.精美的;讲究的;文雅的→elegance n.典雅;雅致→elegantly adv.优雅地;精美地
4.exceptional adj.特别的;罕见的;杰出的;优秀的→except prep.除……之外→exception n.例外;一般情况以外的人(或事物)→exceptionally adv.极其,非常;特殊地;例外地
5.minimum n.最小值;最少量 adj.最低(限度)的;最小的→minimise vt.使减少到最低限度;使显得不重要;使最小化→maximum adj.最大极限的;最高的;最多的
6.consume vt.吃;喝;饮;消耗→consumption n.(能量、食物或材料的)消耗,消耗量;消费→consumer n.消费者;顾客;用户
7.stable adj.稳定的;稳重的→stability n.稳定(性);稳固(性)→stably adv.平稳地;坚固地→unstable adj.不稳定的;易变的;变化莫测的
重点词块
1.relate...to...　　　　 把……和……联系起来
2.refer to 涉及;提到;参考;谈及
3.prior to 在……之前的
4.consist of 由……组成 (或构成)
5.over an open fire 在篝火上
6.at a minimum 在最低程度上;至少
7.go hand in hand 密切关联
重点句型
1.Tell me what you eat,and I will tell you what you are.(祈使句+and+陈述句)
告诉我你平时吃什么,我就可以说出你是个什么样的人。
2.For example,America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken,which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce,flavoured with hot red peppers.(非限制性定语从句;过去分词作后置定语)
例如,在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠甜辣鸡”,它在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱,再佐以煸炒过的红辣椒制成。
3.On the other hand,it does tell us a lot about Americans.(强调谓语动词)
不过在另一方面,它确实让我们对美国人有了更多了解。
4.Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese,we had no idea how to order,so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.(形容词和现在分词短语作状语)
又累又饿,一个汉字也不认识,我们压根儿不知道如何点餐,于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物,那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
5.The food was wonderful and different,but what was even more important was the friendship that was offered to us.(what引导主语从句)
食物妙不可言、与众不同,但更为重要的是我们所收获的友谊。
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与社会——饮食与文化。
2.语篇类型:一篇分析食物与文化关系的事理说明文。
3.课文内容分析:
本文通过引用法国作家让·安泰尔姆·布里亚-萨瓦兰的哲理名言,阐释了本文的主要内容——食物与性格、文化的关系。本文还联系中国各地的特色美食文化,指出文化和美食是相辅相成的,只有亲身体验,才可能真正地深入了解。学习本文,有助于学生了解博大精深的中国饮食文化,坚定文化自信,并帮助学生了解中外特色菜肴及饮食文化差异,深入理解饮食与文化的关系,增强跨文化沟通意识,提高跨文化沟通能力。
多维解读·浅析结构
【答案】 1.what　2.experiences　3.America　4.Shandong　5.Xinjiang　6.Guangdong and Henan　7.hand in hand
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.Why does the author cite “You are what you eat” in Paragraph 1
[A]Because he wants to introduce the theme of the article.
[B]Because he wants to persuade people to eat healthy food.
[C]Because he wants to show the impact of food on health.
[D]Because he wants to prove culture has little to do with cuisine.
(　　)2.Why did the author and his family go to a Sichuan restaurant
[A]Because they had a special preference for Sichuan cuisine.
[B]Because they accepted the recommendation from one friend.
[C]Because they hoped to have a taste of Sichuan peppercorns.
[D]Because they heard that the chef there was very friendly.
(　　)3.What can we infer from the last paragraph
[A]The brave people often enjoy eating spicy food.
[B]We should be brave to taste new kinds of food.
[C]People’s personalities are linked to what they eat to some extent.
[D]In a sense spicy food will lead to a quarrel.
(　　)4.What is the author’s opinion about culture and cuisine
[A]Cuisine has nothing to do with culture.
[B]The foods a person eats can reflect his personality vividly.
[C]Culture and cuisine are closely related to each other.
[D]Cuisine only shows what people grow or raise in their region.
【答案】 1.A　2.B　3.C　4.C
二次开发·深研课文
According to the French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin,1.　　　　 we eat can show our personality,character,and culture.Chinese cuisine is a good example.Prior to 2.　　　　(come) to China,I only experienced Chinese food that 3.　　　　 (change) to suit American tastes.America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken,which tells us a lot about Americans.
When I came to Beijing,a friend recommended a Sichuan restaurant where we had the 4.　　　　 (please) of experiencing an entirely new taste: Sichuan peppercorns.What was even 5.　　　　 important was the friendship that was offered to us.In Shandong,I liked boiled dumplings 6.　　　　 (serve) with vinegar best.I observed that family is important to the people there.In northern Xinjiang,I enjoyed boiled or roasted meat.7.　　　　 we went,we experienced wonderful local dishes.Although the food was as 8.　　　　 (vary) as the people,Chinese people everywhere show friendship and 9.　　　　 (kind) through food.From my experiences,I know that culture and cuisine go hand in hand,and if you do not experience one,you can never 10.　　　　 (real) know the other.
【答案】 1.what　2.coming　3.had been changed　4.pleasure　5.more　6.served　7.Everywhere　8.varied
9.kindness　10.really
1.prior adj.先前的;优先的
·priority n.优先;优先权;优先事项;最重要的事
[教材原句] Prior to coming to China,my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America,with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.
来中国之前,我只在美国接触过中式烹饪,那里的中国食物已被改变,以适应美国人的口味。
例 I had been living in Beijing for two years prior to meeting her.
在认识她之前,我已经在北京住了两年了。
例 This method of teaching is considered superior to traditional one because it’s more interactive.
这种教学方法被认为优于传统的教学方法,因为它更具互动性。
·prior to 在……之前的 ·a high/low priority 重点/非重点项目 a top priority 当务之急 take priority over... 优先于……
①“在……之前”的其他表达如下:
ahead of 在……之前
in advance 预先;提前
②与(be) prior to 结构相似的短语如下:
(be) senior to 比……级别高/年长
(be) junior to 比……级别低/年幼
(be) inferior to 不如……
(be) superior to 超过……;胜过……
　[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Prior to 　　　　(leave) for France,he has been exposed to various French traditional cultures.
Nowadays the 　　　　(prior) for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
(应用文写作之建议信)对于希望提高学习效率的学生来说,找到一个好的学习小组是当务之急。
Finding a good study group can be 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 who want to improve their learning efficiency.
他比我高三级,这意味着他在学习上有更多的经验。
He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,which means he has more experience in studying.
【答案】 leaving　 priority　 a top priority for students　 is senior to me by three years
2.consist of由……组成(或构成)
[教材原句] For example,America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken,which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce,flavoured with hot red peppers.
例如,在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠甜辣鸡”,它在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱,再佐以煸炒过的红辣椒制成。
例　Our class consists of 50 lively students,who are warm and generous and ready to offer help.
我们班由50名活泼的学生组成,他们热情大方,乐于助人。
例　The strength of our team consists in the good teamwork among us.
我们团队的优势在于我们之间良好的团队合作。
例　Her actions are always consistent with her words,which is why we trust her.
她的行为总是与她的言语一致,这就是我们信任她的原因。
·consist in=lie in存在于;在于 ·consistent adj.一致的;连续的;始终如一的 be consistent with... 与……一致的;相符的 ·consistency n.一致性;连贯性 ·consistently adv.一贯地;一致地;始终如一地
表示“由……组成”的短语还有“be made up of”“be composed of”“be comprised of”等。
　[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(话题写作之友谊)The essence of friendship 　　　　(consist) in mutual understanding and support.
(话题写作之语言学习)She 　　　　(consistent) practises every day when learning a new language,and she makes quick progress.
(应用文写作之活动介绍)昨天在艺术中心举办了传统中国画作品展,这次展览包括几十幅我们校友画的作品。
A traditional Chinese painting exhibition 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 was held yesterday in the art centre.
【答案】 consists　 consistently　 consisting of/made up of/composed of/comprised of dozens of works painted by our schoolmates
Our class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.Everyone’s words are consistent with their deeds,and they also subscribe to the fact that the true wealth does not consist in what we have,but in what we are.
我们的班级由25名男生和20名女生组成。每个学生都言行一致,他们也都认同“真正的财富不在于我们所拥有的,而在于我们自身的价值”这个事实。
3.exceptional adj.特别的;罕见的;杰出的;优秀的
·except prep.除……之外
·exception n.例外;一般情况以外的人(或事物)
·exceptionally adv.极其,非常;特殊地;例外地
[教材原句] In each place we went,we experienced wonderful local dishes,from Guangdong’s elegant dim sum—small servings of food in bamboo steamers—to the exceptional stewed noodles in Henan.
我们每到一处,都会品尝当地美食,有广东的精致点心——那是放在竹蒸笼里蒸出来的小份食品——还有河南独特的烩面。
例 In this art competition,her painting stood out with its exceptional creativity and wonderful colour use.
在这次艺术比赛中,她的画以其特别的创意和绝妙的色彩运用脱颖而出。
例 All students without exception must take the English examination.
所有学生都必须参加英语考试,无一例外。
例 I like this book except for the ending which I found a bit disappointing.
我喜欢这本书,除了结局,我觉得结局有点令人失望。
·except for 除……之外 except that...除了……;只是…… ·with the exception of 除……之外;不包括……在内 without exception一律;无一例外
except for表示“除……以外(除去另类的内容)”,except表示“除……之外(不包含在内)”,而besides表示“除……之外(还有)”。
　[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(应用文写作之人物介绍)The teacher was 　　　　(exceptional) patient with the students who were struggling to understand the concept.
The park is beautiful at any time of the year 　　　　 the exception of winter when it’s quite bare.
He would be the ideal candidate for the job,except 　　　　 he lacks experience.
(读后续写之场景描写)电话线另一端一片寂静,只有她的啜泣声。
The line was quiet on the other side　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
【答案】 exceptionally　 with　 that　 except for her sobbing
4.minimum n.最小值;最少量adj.最低(限度)的;最小的
·minimise vt.使减少到最低限度;使显得不重要;使最小化
·maximum adj.最大极限的;最高的;最多的
[教材原句] At a minimum,the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region,what kinds of lives they lead,and what they like and do not like.
当地人的食物种类至少能让我们知道他们在该地区种植什么作物,过着怎样的生活,喜欢什么和不喜欢什么。
例　To participate in the school’s math competition,you need to have a minimum score of 80 on your last exam.
要参加学校的数学竞赛,你上次考试的分数至少需要达到80分。
例 (应用文写作之建议信)To focus better,you should keep distractions to a minimum while studying.
为了更好地集中注意力,你应该在学习时尽量减少让你分心的事物。
above/below the minimum 超过/低于最低限度 at a minimum 在最低程度上;至少 keep...to a minimum 把……保持在最低限度
[语境运用] 完成句子
这个学期,我争取把每门课程的成绩都提高到最高水平。
This semester,I strive to raise my grades in every course　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
为了保持健康,你每周至少要锻炼三次。
To stay healthy,you should 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
在小组讨论中,我尽量把个人的发言时间控制在最低限度,以给其他同学更多的发言机会。
In group discussions,I try to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to give other classmates more opportunities to speak.
【答案】 to the maximum level　 exercise three times a week at a minimum　 keep my personal speaking time to a minimum
5.go hand in hand 密切关联,相连带
[教材原句] What we can say,however,is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand,and if you do not experience one,you can never really know the other.
但是,我们可以确定的是,文化和美食这两者息息相关,如果你没有体验过其中的一个,你就永远无法真正了解另一个。
例 As the saying goes,success and failure always go hand in hand.
俗话说,成功与失败总是密切关联的。
例　I visited the museum and learnt historical knowledge at first hand.
我参观了博物馆,直接了解到了历史知识。
hand in hand手拉手 at first hand第一手;亲自 hold sb’s hand (困难时)给某人支持;拉某人一把 in hand在手头;可供使用;在掌握中;正在处理中 on the other hand另一方面
[语境运用] 完成句子
(应用文写作之建议信)一方面,我们应该对未来乐观,但另一方面,我们应该做好充分准备。
On the one hand,we should be optimistic about our future,but 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,we should make full preparations.
体育锻炼与心理健康相辅相成,因为定期锻炼可以减少压力并改善心情。
Physical exercise and mental health 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,as regular workouts can reduce stress and improve mood.
(读后续写之主旨升华)我通过参加这个志愿者活动,亲自体验到了帮助他人的快乐。
By participating in this volunteer activity,I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
【答案】 on the other hand　 go hand in hand
experienced the joy of helping others at first hand
do/does/did+动词原形,强调谓语动词
[教材原句] On the other hand,it does tell us a lot about Americans.
不过在另一方面,它确实让我们对美国人有了更多了解。
例　I did participate in the school’s basketball game last week.
我上周确实参加了学校的篮球比赛。
例　Our teacher does organise group discussions every week.
我们的老师真的每周组织小组讨论。
·“do/does/did+动词原形”结构,用于强调谓语时要注意: (1)句子是肯定句; (2)句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时; ·“do/does/did+动词原形”结构只能用来强调谓语动词,若强调主语、宾语、表语、状语等,则应用“It is/was...that/who...”句型进行强调。
[语境运用] 翻译句子
我上周真的从图书馆借了本科学杂志。
她真的喜欢自己动手做科学实验。
正是那次失败让我意识到努力的重要性。
【答案】 I did borrow a science magazine from the library last week.　 She does like to do scientific experiments by herself.　 It was that failure that made me realise the importance of hard work.
形容词或分词短语作状语
[教材原句] Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese,we had no idea how to order,so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
又累又饿,一个汉字也不认识,我们压根儿不知道如何点餐,于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物,那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
例　(读后续写之场景描写)Cold,hungry and alone,I looked at the grim garden,wondering about my future here.
又冷又饿,孤身一人,我望着那凄凉的花园,思索着我在这里的未来。
例　(读后续写之情感描写)Desperate and worried,Jane knelt down,tears streaming down her face without control.
既绝望又担心,简跪了下来,泪水止不住地顺着她的脸颊流淌。
[归纳拓展]
[语境运用] 完成句子
(读后续写之动作描写)他无法控制自己的情感,大哭起来,以手掩面。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he burst into tears and buried his face in his hands.
(应用文写作之邀请信)很高兴得知你对中国画感兴趣,我写信真诚地邀请你参观我们学校即将举办的展览。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that you are interested in Chinese paintings,I am writing to sincerely invite you to visit the exhibition to be held in our school.
(读后续写之情感描写)既兴奋又感动,他们泪流满面。
　　　　　　　　　　　　,they were in tears.
【答案】 Unable to control his emotions　 Glad/ Delighted to know　 Excited and moved
[教材原句] At a minimum,the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region, what kinds of lives they lead,and what they like and do not like.
尝试分析:本句是主从复合句,主句主语是the kinds of food,谓语是tell; 为省略关系词that/which的定语从句,修饰先行词the kinds of food; 为三个what引导的宾语从句,作tell的宾语。
自主翻译:当地人的食物种类至少能让我们知道他们在该地区种植什么作物,过着怎样的生活,喜欢什么和不喜欢什么。
[语境运用] 情境写作
学生阅读的书籍类型至少能让我们知道他们感兴趣的是什么,他们期望成为什么样的人,以及他们认为生活中什么是重要的。
At a minimum,the types of books students read tell us what they are interested in,what they expect to become,and what they believe is important in life.
语法微专题3　过去完成时与过去完成时的被动语态
When my family and I had just arrived in China,we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.
Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese,we had no idea how to order,so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
Prior to coming to China,my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America,with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.
A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend,and finally,we found it.
　　通过观察可知,上述句子中用了过去完成时或过去完成时的被动语态。
一、过去完成时
1.过去完成时的含义。
过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或结果,用来指在另一个过去动作之前就已经完成了的事件。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”,侧重事情的结果。基本结构为“had+动词过去分词”。
(1)肯定句的结构为“主语+had+动词过去分词+其他.”。
He had already been to New York earlier in the week.
本周早些时候他去过纽约。
(2)否定句的结构为“主语+had+not+动词过去分词+其他.”。
At that time we hadn’t met her.
那时我们还没有见到她。
(3)一般疑问句的结构为“Had +主语+动词过去分词+其他 ”。
肯定回答用“Yes,主语+had.”。
否定回答用“No,主语+hadn’t.”。
—Had you visited here before
——你以前参观过这里吗
—Yes,I had./No,I hadn’t.
——是,我去过。/没有,我以前没有去过。
(4)特殊疑问句的结构为“特殊疑问词+had+主语+动词过去分词+其他 ”。
Where had you been before you came here
你来这里之前去了哪里
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
By the time we got a report,the firemen 　　　　　　　　 (put) out the fire already.
The interviewer was interested in the grades I 　　　　　　　　 (get) in the exams.
【答案】 had put　 had got
2.过去完成时的用法。
(1)表示过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。常和by、before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句连用。
By nine o’clock last night,we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship.
到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到宇宙飞船发来的200张图片。
(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for、since构成的时间状语连用。
He told us that he had done the scientific research for five years.
他告诉我们他做科学研究已经五年了。
(3)用think、want、hope、mean、plan、intend等动词的过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。
I had never thought that you were content to help me.
我从未想过你愿意帮我。
We had hoped to be able to come and see you.
我们本来希望能来看看你。
(4)过去完成时常常用在told、said、knew、heard、thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
He said that he had known her well.
他说他对她很熟悉。
(5)在状语从句中,在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,动作发生在前,动词用过去完成时;动作发生在后,动词用一般过去时。状语从句常由when、before、after引导。
When I woke up,it had already stopped raining.
我醒来时,雨已停了。
在before、after引导的时间状语从句中,由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主句、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主句、从句多用一般过去时。
After he arrived in England,he worked hard to improve his English.
到达英国之后,他努力提高他的英语水平。
3.过去完成时的常用固定句型。
(1)在“主语+had hardly/scarcely/no sooner+动词过去分词+when/than从句(从句用一般过去时)”中,当hardly、scarcely、no sooner等表示否定意义的词位于句首时,主句要用倒装结构。
I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.
=No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.
我刚到家就下雨了。
(2)It was+一段时间+since从句(从句用过去完成时)。
It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.
我离开北京至少有三个月了。
(3)It was the first/second/...time+(that)从句(从句用过去完成时)。
It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.
那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
(4)主句(过去完成时)+by the time...(一般过去时)。
We had got everything ready by the time they arrived.
在他们到达之前,我们已经做好一切准备了。
(5)主句(过去完成时)+by the end of...(表示过去的时间)。
By the end of last term,we had learnt English at least for four years.
到上个学期末,我们至少已学习了四年英语。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
I 　　　　　　　　 (mean) to take a good holiday this year,but I was not able to leave.
Tom 　　　　　　　　 (finish) writing his novel by the end of last year.
He said he 　　　　　　　　 (work) in that factory since 2009.
【答案】 had meant　 had finished
had worked
二、过去完成时的被动语态
1.概念。
过去完成时的被动语态表示动作在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成,且主语与谓语动词之间是被动关系。
2.构成。
(1)肯定结构:主语+had been done
(2)否定结构:主语+had not been done
3.过去完成时的被动语态的用法。
(1)表示过去某一时间或事件以前已经完成的被动的动作,常与by、before等引导的时间状语连用。
By the time he got to the school,the first lesson had been finished.
当他到达学校时,第一节课已经结束。
The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came.
在老师来之前,教室还没有被打扫干净。
(2)在told、said、knew、heard、thought等动词之后的宾语从句中,若表示过去某一被动动作时,用过去完成时。
The company said the production costs had been reduced.
该公司说,生产成本已经降低。
The media reported that more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.
媒体报道,地震中有1 000多人丧生。
(3)根据语境可以判断出动作先后的被动语态,用过去完成时。
He did what he had been told to.
他按吩咐做了。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
All the film tickets 　　　　　　　　 (sell) out when I got to the cinema.
Yesterday we expressed our congratulations to Tom,who 　　　　　　　　(elect) chairman of our Students’ Union.
【答案】 had been sold　 had been elected
1.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)I 　　　　(plan)to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference.Due to a big storm,my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half.
【答案】 had planned　
【解析】 考查动词的时态。根据后一句的时态并结合句意可知,此处应用过去完成时,表示“本打算”。故填had planned。
2.(2023·全国乙卷)She lived with a family she 　　　　(never meet) and everything was new to her.
【答案】 had never met　
【解析】 考查动词的时态。由“everything was new to her”可推知,她和素未谋面的一家人住在一起。该动作发生在lived之前,为过去的过去。故填had never met。
3.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)When I finally finished it,the thought of winning 　　　　(give) way to the enjoyment of writing.
【答案】 had given　
【解析】 考查动词的时态。主句的动作发生在时间状语从句的谓语动作之前,为过去的过去,应用过去完成时态。故填had given。
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.When I got to the party,I realised I 　　　　　　　　　(leave) the gift in my office.
2.By 9 o’clock last night,she 　　　　　　　　　　　　(finish) reading the book.
3.It was the second time that we　　　　　　　　　　　(see) her.
4.Several months later,most of the buildings which　　　　　　　　(damage) in the earthquake were repaired.
5.Hardly had I　　　　(come) out of the railway station when my parents 　　　　(run) to me and 　　　　(help) me carry my luggage.
【答案】 1.had left　2.had finished　3.had seen　4.had been damaged　5.come;ran;helped
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.飞机上坐在我旁边的人很紧张,因为他以前从没乘过飞机。
The person sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous,because 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
2.他本希望赶上6点半的公共汽车,但发现它已经走了。
He 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the 6:30 bus,but found it gone.
3.那是我第一次在台上演讲。
That was the first time that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
4.一听到我被允许参加这次活动的消息,我就马上告诉了母亲。
Upon hearing the news that I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I informed my mum of it at once.
【答案】 1.he had never been on a plane before
2.had hoped to catch
3.I had given a speech on stage
4.had been allowed to take part in the activity
Ⅲ.语篇填空
Our school was built at the beginning of the 20th century.Before I studied there,it 1.　　　　　　　　 (be) famous throughout the country.By 1978,the school’s use 2.　　　　　　　　 (change) several times.By the end of last century,our school 3.　　　　　　　　 (become) a provincial model high school.When I graduated,our school 4.　　　　　　　　 (win) many honours both at home and abroad.Before last year’s anniversary of the foundation of our school,all the school buildings 5.　　　　　　　　 (rebuild) and it is now larger and more beautiful than before.
【答案】 1.had been　2.had changed　3.had become
4.had won　5.had been rebuiltUsing Language,Assessing Your Progress,Video Time
写作词汇
1.somewhat　　　　 adv.有点;稍微
2.category n.类别;种类
3.quantity n.数量;数额
4.chew vi.& vt.咀嚼;嚼碎
n.咀嚼
5.modest adj.些许的;谦虚的;朴素的
6.trick n.诀窍;计谋;把戏
7.overall adv.总体上;大致上
adj.全面的;综合的
阅读词汇
1.bun　　　　　　　 n.圆面包;小圆甜饼
2.chilli (NAmE chili)
n.[pl.-es]辣椒
3.pork n.猪肉
4.pearl n.珍珠
5.madam n.夫人;女士
6.calorie n.卡路里(热量单位)
7.vitamin n.维生素
8.fibre n.纤维;纤维制品
9.dairy adj.奶制的;乳品(业)的
n.乳制品;乳品店;牛奶厂
拓展词汇
1.association n.协会;关联→associated adj.有关联的;相关的;有联系的→associate vt.联想;联系;交往 n.同事;伙伴 adj.副的
2.regardless adv.不顾;不加理会→regarding prep.关于;至于→regard n.关注;尊敬;问候 vt.把……视为;以……看待;注视,凝视
3.moderation n.适度;合理→moderate adj.适度的;温和的→moderately adv.适度地;适量地;适中地
4.ideal adj.完美的;理想的;想象的 n.理想;完美的人(或事物)→ideally adv.理想地;按理想来说
5.fundamental adj.根本的;基础的;基本的 n.基本规律;根本法则→fundamentally adv.根本上,完全地;基本上
重点词块
1.regardless of　　　 不管;不顾
2.argue over 争论
3.cut out 停止做(或使用、食用)
4.limit...to... 把……限制在……内
5.quantities of 大量的
6.as with 至于;正如
7.on the right trick 思路或行为方式正确
重点句型
1.And in America,people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day (Journal of the American Medical Association,2014).(倍数表达法)
在美国,每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍(《美国医学会杂志》,2014年)。
2.Besides this,it is also important to have some meat,beans,or dairy products in your diet,as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth.(it作形式主语)
此外,从饮食中摄取一些肉类、豆类或奶制品也十分重要,因为这些食物为强壮骨骼、肌肉生长提供必要的蛋白质。
3.What this means is that people who chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry.(that引导表语从句)
这意味着咀嚼过快的人最终会吃太多食物,因为他们仍然感到饥饿。
4.Put more simply,while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous,we already know that sugar is a killer.(while引导时间状语从句)
简单地说,当人们还在为高脂肪食物是否有害而争论不休时,我们已经知晓糖分是健康杀手。
5.It is up to you to decide how you want to live,and to make the right decisions about your diet.(It is up to sb to do sth 由某人自己决定做某事)
你想如何生活、如何作出正确的饮食抉择,这完全取决于你自己。
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与社会——健康饮食。
2.语篇类型:有关健康饮食的科普说明文。
3.课文内容分析:
本文以“健康饮食”为主题,分别从糖、新鲜食物和保持饮食均衡、细嚼慢咽以及对食物的健康态度等几个方面展开分析。阅读本文有利于培养学生对健康饮食的正确认识,形成正确的饮食观念,提高健康水平。
多维解读·浅析结构
【答案】 1.desserts　2.fresh　3.balanced　4.slowly　5.consistent　6.modest　7.attitude
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.What is the main purpose of the passage
[A]To introduce a new diet to people.
[B]To tell readers what is a healthy diet.
[C]To analyse the composition of food.
[D]To explain the effect of sweet on health.
(　　)2.What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4
[A]How to eat healthily.
[B]What to eat to be fit.
[C]When to eat each meal.
[D]The reasons to eat quickly.
(　　)3.Where is this passage most likely from
[A]A guidebook. [B]A magazine.
[C]A novel. [D]A diary.
【答案】 1.B　2.A　3.B　
1.association n.协会;关联
·associate vt.联想;联系;交往 n.同事;伙伴
adj.副的
·associated adj.有关联的;相关的;有联系的
[教材原句] And in America,people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day (Journal of the American Medical Association,2014).
在美国,每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍(《美国医学会杂志》,2014年)。
例　(应用文写作之邀请信)I am Li Hua,chairman of the Students’ Union.I will hold an exhibition in association with several other universities.
我是学生会主席李华,我将联合其他几所大学举办一次展览。
例　I always associate the scene with the freezing weather.
我总是把这个场景和寒冷的天气联系在一起。
例　(话题写作之健康的生活方式)Maintaining a healthy diet is associated with better concentration in class.
保持健康饮食与课堂上更好的专注力有关。
·in association with...与……合作;与……有关联 ·associate...with...把……和……联系在一起 associate with 和……交往;和……结交 ·be associated with...与……有关
[语境运用] 完成句子
(话题写作之学校生活)积极参与社团活动通常与培养团队合作精神相关联。
Active participation in club activities 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
(应用文写作之活动介绍)我们学校与一家科技公司联合举办了一场科技创新大赛。
Our school held a technology innovation competition 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
提到英语角,我总是将其与同外国友人交流和语言能力提升联系起来。
When it comes to the English corner,I always 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and improving language skills.
【答案】 is usually associated with cultivating teamwork spirit　 in association with a tech company　 associate it with communicating with foreign friends
2.regardless adv.不顾;不加理会
·regarding prep.关于;至于
·regard n.关注;尊敬;问候 vt.把……视为;以……看待;注视,凝视
[教材原句] This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be.
无论他们其他方面的饮食多么健康,都确实如此。
例　Our club is open to everyone regardless of age,sex or educational background.
不管年龄、性别或者教育背景,我们的俱乐部对每个人开放。
例　Some studies have been carried out with regard to energy consumption.
已经进行了一些关于能源消耗的研究。
·regardless of=in spite of=despite 尽管;不顾(后常接名词,不接从句) regardless of the fact that...不顾……的事实 ·with regard to 关于;至于
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(应用文写作之感谢信)She gave me some advice 　　　　(regard) how to improve my writing skills.
With regard 　　　　 study groups,I find them very helpful for discussing difficult topics.
无论比赛结果如何,我都会为队友加油。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I will cheer on my teammates.
【答案】 regarding　 to　 Regardless of/In spite of/Despite the outcome of the competition
With regard to your approach,it is still regarded as the most practical one,regardless of its imperfection.
至于你的方法,尽管有点瑕疵,但还是被认为是最实用的。
3.recommend vt.提议;推荐;介绍;劝告;建议
·recommendation n.提议;推荐;推荐信
[教材原句] The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100150 calories a day from sugar,which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar.
美国心脏协会建议我们将每日糖摄入量限制在100至150卡路里以下,少于一听甜饮料或一块糖果通常所含的糖分。
例　We are recommended to maintain a balanced diet for better health and concentration.
我们被建议保持均衡饮食以获得更好的健康和专注力。
例　(应用文写作之推荐信)She was recommended as the editor of the school newspaper because of her excellent writing skills.
由于她出色的写作技能,她被推荐为校报的编辑。
例　Our teacher asked us to write a letter of recommendation.
我们的老师让我们写一封推荐信。
recommend sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 recommend that sb (should) do sth 建议某人做某事 recommend doing sth 建议做某事 recommend sth to sb 向某人推荐某物 recommend sb as...推荐某人为……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
(应用文写作之推荐信)The reason why I recommend you 　　　　(learn) Tang poems is that they are valuable cultural heritage of China.
I’m seeking 　　　　(recommend) for a good online course to improve my writing skills.
(应用文写作之建议信)我建议每天练习英语口语以提高你的流利度。
→ 　(recommend doing sth)
→ 　[recommend that sb (should) do sth]
【答案】 to learn　 recommendations　 I recommend practising oral English every day to improve your fluency.　I recommend that you (should) practise oral English every day to improve your fluency.
4.quantity n.数量;数额
[教材原句] Processed foods often contain less nutrition,and have higher quantities of sugar,salt,and fat than fresh ingredients.
相比新鲜食材,加工的食品通常营养成分较低,糖分、盐分和脂肪含量更高。
例　(应用文写作之邀请信)Learning that you have a large quantity of/large quantities of experience in playing basketball,I’m writing to sincerely invite you to join in our basketball club.
得知您在打篮球方面有许多经验,我写信真诚地邀请您加入我们的篮球俱乐部。
例　We want not only to increase the quantity of products,but also to ensure the quality.
我们不但要提高产品的产量,还要保证质量。
a large/small quantity of 大量的/少量的 quantities of 大量的;许多的 in quantity/in large quantities 大量地
①a quantity of/quantities of 后面既可以接可数名词也可以接不可数名词。
②“a quantity of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词与名词的数保持一致;而“quantities of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
　[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
A large quantity of money 　　　　(collect) to help those suffering from the floods.
If you buy the goods 　　　　 quantity,we will offer a better price to you.
Quantities of information 　　　　(be) available online for students to research and learn about various topics.
You must have accumulated large 　　　　(quantity) of experience.
(应用文写作之推荐信)我想向你推荐成都,因为成都有许多景点,例如都江堰。
I’d like to recommend Chengdu to you,because Chengdu 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,such as Dujiangyan.
【答案】 has been collected　 in　 are　 quantities
has a large quantity of tourist attractions
5.trick n.诀窍;计谋;把戏 v.欺骗;欺诈
[教材原句] There is no one trick to healthy eating.
健康饮食没有诀窍。
例　(话题写作之家庭生活)The siblings couldn’t resist playing tricks on each other during the family vacation.
在家庭度假期间,兄弟姐妹们无法抵挡互相恶作剧的诱惑。
例　He tricked her into singing in front of the whole class by telling her it was a surprise for her birthday.
他告诉她这是给她的生日惊喜,骗她在全班面前唱歌。
·play tricks/a trick on sb=play jokes/a joke on sb=make fun of sb捉弄某人 the trick of/to...……的窍门 ·trick sb into doing sth 欺骗某人做某事
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
I recalled that he often played tricks 　　　　 me,which often made me lose my temper.
He was tricked 　　　　 giving up a large quantity of money belonging to him.
(应用文写作之求助信)作为一名来自美国的交换生,我喜欢吃水饺。你可以告诉我包水饺的诀窍吗
As an exchange student from America,I like eating dumplings.　　　　　　　　
【答案】 on　 into　 Would you please tell me the trick of making dumplings
倍数表达法
[教材原句] And in America,people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day (Journal of the American Medical Association,2014).
在美国,每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍(《美国医学会杂志》,2014年)。
例　The teaching building which is being built now is twice higher than that one.
正在修建的教学楼比那个教学楼高两倍。
例　Covering an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park,the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
大熊猫国家公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为我国首批国家公园之一。
[归纳拓展]
[语境运用] 一句多译/完成句子
在建的体育馆将是操场的三倍大。
→The new stadium being built will be 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the playground.(as...as)
→The new stadium being built will be 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the playground.(size)
(应用文写作之感谢信)多亏您的慷慨帮助,我现在的考试分数是从前的两倍。
Thanks to your generous help,now 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
【答案】 three times as large as　 three times the size of　 my test score is double what it was before
while作连词的用法
[教材原句] Put more simply,while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous,we already know that sugar is a killer.
简单地说,当人们还在为高脂肪食物是否有害而争论不休时,我们已经知晓糖分是健康杀手。
例　While I was in London,you helped me make an adaptation to the new surroundings as soon as possible.
当我在伦敦的时候,你帮助了我尽快适应新的环境。
例　There’s plenty of rain in the southeast,while there’s little in the northwest.
东南部雨量充足,西北部则很少下雨。
·while用作从属连词时,表示“在……期间;当……的时候”,指一般时间,不能用来表示时间点。 ·while用作从属连词时,表示“虽然,尽管”,相当于though/although,引导让步状语从句,多位于句首。 ·while用作并列连词时,意为“而,然而”,表示前后意义的对比和转折。
　[语境运用] 完成句子
虽然学生们来自不同的国家,但他们在夏令营中相处得很好。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,they got along well in the summer camp.
当我在教室里复习功课时,窗外的小鸟在欢快地歌唱。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,the birds outside the window were singing happily.
我喜欢在安静的环境中读书,而我哥哥则喜欢边听音乐边读书。
I like to read books in a quiet environment,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 while reading.
【答案】 While the students came from different countries　 While I was reviewing my lessons in the classroom　 while my brother prefers listening to music
[教材原句] What this means is that people who chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry.
尝试分析:本句是一个主从复合句。 是What引导的主语从句, 是that引导的表语从句, 是who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词people, 是because引导的原因状语从句。
自主翻译:这意味着咀嚼过快的人最终会吃太多食物,因为他们仍然感到饥饿。
[语境运用] 情境写作
这意味着那些走路太快的人最终会错过路上的美景,因为他们总是急着到达他们的目的地。
What this means is that people who walk too fast end up missing the beautiful scenery on the way because they are always in a rush to get to their destinations.
写作微专题3　Writing a descriptive essay about one’s diet
1.文体类型:描述性文章,属于说明文范畴。
2.要点内容:
(1)列举健康饮食的重要性;
(2)根据现状,分析部分学生不健康饮食的种种表现;
(3)结论和改进措施(表达个人观点)。
[思路指引]
1.首段常用句式。
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
Nowadays people are beginning to pay more attention to their health than ever before.
People come to realise that good health is the most valuable thing a person can have.
2.中段常用句式。
It is said that most of the students do not eat anything at all in the morning,which is very bad for their health.
Doctors advise us teenagers to sleep at least 8 hours each day.
Early to bed and early to rise makes a person healthy,wealthy and wise.
Taking exercise is closely related to health.
Besides,we should focus on a balanced diet which assures us the necessary nutrition.
3.尾段常用句式。
As far as I am concerned,health is more important than wealth.
Healthy eating habits are very important for our health.
In my opinion,we should develop good healthy eating habits.
From my point of view,in order to build healthy eating habits,we should eat more vegetables and less fat and sugar.
人们的健康很大程度上受制于饮食习惯。请你写一篇英语作文,就如何养成良好的饮食习惯发表你的看法。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　　　　　　 垃圾食品
2.　　　　　　　　 n.维生素
【答案】 1.junk food　2.vitamin
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.健康的饮食习惯对我们的健康非常重要。
2.但我们如何能形成一个健康的饮食习惯呢
3.在我看来,我们应该每天吃新鲜的水果和蔬菜,因为它们为我们提供了维生素。
4.早上或晚上喝一杯牛奶也是有益的。
5.除此之外我们还应该注重均衡饮食,它保证我们必要的营养。
6.垃圾食品是我们的健康的致命杀手,所以我们应该远离它。
7.另外,不吃早餐是一个很坏的习惯,这对我们的健康有很大的危害。
8.总之,我们应该吃健康的食物,保持精力充沛。
【答案】 1.Healthy eating habits are very important for our health.
2.But how can we form a healthy eating habit
3.In my opinion,we should eat fresh fruit and vegetables every day,as they supply vitamins to us.
4.A glass of milk in the morning or at night is also beneficial.
5.Besides,we should focus on a balanced diet and it assures us the necessary nutrients.
6.Junk food is a fatal killer for our health,so we should stay away from it.
7.What’s more,it is a very bad habit to skip breakfast,which does great harm to our health.
8.All in all,we should eat healthy food to keep ourselves energetic.
1.将第5句用定语从句进行改写升级。
2.将第7句用v.-ing形式作主语进行改写升级。
【答案】 1.Besides,we should focus on a balanced diet which assures us the necessary nutrients.
2.What’s more,skipping breakfast is a very bad habit,which does great harm to our health.
　　Healthy eating habits are very important for our health.But how can we form a healthy eating habit
In my opinion,we should eat fresh fruit and vegetables every day,as they supply vitamins to us.A glass of milk in the morning or at night is also beneficial.Besides,we should focus on a balanced diet which assures us the necessary nutrients.Junk food is a fatal killer for our health,so we should stay away from it.What’s more,skipping breakfast is a very bad habit,which does great harm to our health.
All in all,we should eat healthy food to keep ourselves energetic.
假设你是李华,你的外国朋友Peter给你写了一封电子邮件。他在邮件中提到,近期他不良的饮食习惯导致身体不适,影响了学习和生活。请你用英语给他回一封电子邮件,建议他养成良好的饮食习惯。内容包括:
1.吃营养早餐;
2.远离脂肪含量高、糖分多的食物;
3.饮食要有规律。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Peter,
I truly hope you’ll get better soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
One possible version:
Dear Peter,
I’m very glad to receive your email.But meanwhile, I’m sorry to hear that you are not well due to eating problems.Here is my advice.
Firstly, breakfast should be highly valued because a nutritious breakfast, made of bread, eggs and milk, makes one active and work harder for the whole day.Additionally, you should keep a balanced diet, avoiding consuming food high in fat and sugar.You’d better eat an appropriate amount of fresh fruit and vegetables.Most fundamentally, eating regularly and exercising properly, you can keep your body at a proper weight and stay healthy.
I truly hope you’ll get better soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写 微技能之“点” 情感描写 temper n.脾气;火气　love n.爱　afraid adj.害怕　enjoy v.享受
动作描写 consist of 由……组成(或构成)　fill with 装满　experience v.体验　make dumplings包饺子　stuff with用……填满　slice vt.把……切成薄片
人物描写 bold adj.大胆自信的;敢于冒险的　chef n.厨师　family n.家庭　modest adj.谦虚的
读后续写 微技能之“线” The food was wonderful and different,but what was even more important was the friendship that was offered to us.(情感描写) Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese,we had no idea how to order...(心理描写) These groups traditionally wandered the open range on horses.(动作描写) What we can say,however,is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand,and if you do not experience one,you can never really know the other.(结尾升华句)
读后续写 微技能之“面” 读后续写——成长感悟 在家庭晚餐的温馨氛围中,我小心翼翼地将刚学的烹饪技巧付诸实践,心中充满了期待和紧张。我切下洋葱,眼泪不自觉地流了下来,但我知道这是成长的一部分。妈妈微笑着,鼓励我大胆自信,我深吸一口气,将切好的洋葱放入锅中,那香味让我感到一丝安慰。最终,一盘简单的家常菜摆在桌上,虽然简单,却传达了爱与努力。我们围坐一起,享受着这顿用心烹饪的晚餐,这不仅仅是一顿饭,更是家庭亲情的体现。 In the warm atmosphere of a family dinner,I carefully put my newly learnt cooking skills into practice,1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.I slice the onion off,tears streaming down unconsciously,but I know it’s part of growing up.2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,and I take a deep breath,putting the sliced onions into the pan.The smell 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.Finally,a simple home-cooked meal is on the table.Though simple,4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.We sit together,enjoying this meal cooked from the heart,which is more than just a dinner;5.　　　　　　　　. 【答案】 1.with my heart filled with anticipation and nervousness　2.Mum smiles and encourages me to be bold　3.brings me a sense of comfort　4.it conveys love and effort　5.it’s an expression of family affection
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.consist vi.由……组成(或构成)→consistent adj.一致的;连续的;始终如一的→consistently adv.一贯地;一致地;始终如一地→consistency n.一致性;连贯性
2.elegant adj.精美的;讲究的;文雅的→elegance n.典雅;雅致→elegantly adv.优雅地;精美地
3.exceptional adj.特别的;罕见的;杰出的;优秀的→except prep.除……之外→exception n.例外;一般情况以外的人(或事物)→exceptionally adv.极其,非常;特殊地;例外地
4.stable adj.稳定的;稳重的→stability n.稳定(性);稳固(性)→stably adv.平稳地;坚固地→unstable adj.不稳定的;易变的;变化莫测的
5.association n.协会;关联→associated adj.有关联的;相关的;有联系的→associate vt.联想;联系;交往 n.同事;伙伴 adj.副的
6.regardless adv.不顾;不加理会→regarding prep.关于;至于→regard n.关注;尊敬;问候 vt.把……视为;以……看待;注视;凝视
7.moderation n.适度;合理→moderate adj.适度的;温和的→moderately adv.适度地;适量地;适中地
8.ideal adj.完美的;理想的;想象的 n.理想;完美的人(或事物)→ideally adv.理想地;按理想来说
9.fundamental adj.根本的;基础的;基本的 n.基本规律;根本法则→fundamentally adv.根本上,完全地;基本上
Ⅱ.重点词块
1.relate...to...　　　 把……和……联系起来
2.refer to 涉及;提到;参考;谈及
3.prior to 在……之前的
4.consist of 由……组成(或构成)
5.at a minimum 在最低程度上;至少
6.go hand in hand 密切关联
7.regardless of 不管;不顾
8.cut out 停止做(或使用、食用)
9.limit...to... 把……限制在……内
10.quantities of 大量的
11.as with 至于;正如
12.on the right trick 思路或行为方式正确
Ⅲ.重点句型回顾
1.形容词和现在分词短语作状语
Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese(又累又饿,一个汉字也不认识),we had no idea how to order,so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
句式仿写
Excited and full of anticipation(兴奋不已,充满期待),the students waited for the start of the new semester.
2.while引导时间状语从句
Put more simply,while people continue to argue over(当人们还在继续争论)whether or not fatty food is dangerous,we already know that sugar is a killer.
句式仿写
While you are still hesitating about(当你还在犹豫) whether to participate in extracurricular activities,other students have already gained a lot of practical experience.(共94张PPT)
Using Language,Assessing Your Progress,Video Time
Part 2
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. 　　　　 adv.有点;稍微
2. n.类别;种类
3. n.数量;数额
4. vi.& vt.咀嚼;嚼碎
n.咀嚼
写作词汇
somewhat
category
quantity
chew
5. adj.些许的;谦虚的;朴素的
6. n.诀窍;计谋;把戏
7. adv.总体上;大致上
adj.全面的;综合的
modest
trick
overall
1.bun　　　　　　　 n.
2.chilli (NAmE chili) n.[pl.-es]
3.pork n.
4.pearl n.
5.madam n.
阅读词汇
圆面包;小圆甜饼
辣椒
猪肉
珍珠
夫人;女士
6.calorie n.
7.vitamin n.
8.fibre n.
9.dairy adj.
n.
卡路里(热量单位)
维生素
纤维;纤维制品
奶制的;乳品(业)的
乳制品;乳品店;牛奶厂
拓展词汇
1. n.协会;关联→associated adj.有关联的;相关的;有联系的→
associate vt.联想;联系;交往 n.同事;伙伴 adj.副的
2. adv.不顾;不加理会→regarding prep.关于;至于→regard n.关注;尊敬;问候 vt.把……视为;以……看待;注视,凝视
3. n.适度;合理→moderate adj.适度的;温和的→moderately adv.适度地;适量地;适中地
association
regardless
moderation
4. adj.完美的;理想的;想象的 n.理想;完美的人(或事物)→ideally adv.理想地;按理想来说
5. adj.根本的;基础的;基本的 n.基本规律;根本法则→
fundamentally adv.根本上,完全地;基本上
ideal
fundamental
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.regardless of　　　
2.argue over
3.cut out
4.limit...to...
5.quantities of
6.as with
7.on the right trick
不管;不顾
争论
停止做(或使用、食用)
把……限制在……内
大量的
至于;正如
思路或行为方式正确
重点句型
1.And in America,people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar people who receive less than 10% a day (Journal of the American Medical Association,2014).(倍数表达法)
在美国,每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍(《美国医学会杂志》,2014年)。
are twice as likely to die from heart disease than
2.Besides this, some meat,beans,or dairy products in your diet,as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth.(it作形式主语)
此外,从饮食中摄取一些肉类、豆类或奶制品也十分重要,因为这些食物为强壮骨骼、肌肉生长提供必要的蛋白质。
3.What this means is too much food because they still feel hungry.(that引导表语从句)
这意味着咀嚼过快的人最终会吃太多食物,因为他们仍然感到饥饿。
it is also important to have
that people who chew too quickly end up eating
4.Put more simply, whether or not fatty food is dangerous,we already know that sugar is a killer.(while引导时间状语从句)
简单地说,当人们还在为高脂肪食物是否有害而争论不休时,我们已经知晓糖分是健康杀手。
5. ,and to make the right decisions about your diet.(It is up to sb to do sth 由某人自己决定做某事)
你想如何生活、如何作出正确的饮食抉择,这完全取决于你自己。
while people continue to argue over
It is up to you to decide how you want to live
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与社会——健康饮食。
2.语篇类型:有关健康饮食的科普说明文。
3.课文内容分析:
本文以“健康饮食”为主题,分别从糖、新鲜食物和保持饮食均衡、细嚼慢咽以及对食物的健康态度等几个方面展开分析。阅读本文有利于培养学生对健康饮食的正确认识,形成正确的饮食观念,提高健康水平。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
desserts
fresh
balanced
slowly
consistent
modest
attitude
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.What is the main purpose of the passage
[A]To introduce a new diet to people.
[B]To tell readers what is a healthy diet.
[C]To analyse the composition of food.
[D]To explain the effect of sweet on health.
B
(　　)2.What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4
[A]How to eat healthily.
[B]What to eat to be fit.
[C]When to eat each meal.
[D]The reasons to eat quickly.
A
(　　)3.Where is this passage most likely from
[A]A guidebook.
[B]A magazine.
[C]A novel.
[D]A diary.
B
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.association n.协会;关联
·associate vt.联想;联系;交往 n.同事;伙伴
adj.副的
·associated adj.有关联的;相关的;有联系的
[教材原句] And in America,people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day (Journal of the American Medical Association,2014).
在美国,每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍(《美国医学会杂志》,2014年)。
例　(应用文写作之邀请信)I am Li Hua,chairman of the Students’ Union.I will hold an exhibition in association with several other universities.
我是学生会主席李华,我将联合其他几所大学举办一次展览。
in association with...与……合作;与……有关联
例　I always associate the scene with the freezing weather.
我总是把这个场景和寒冷的天气联系在一起。
associate...with...把……和……联系在一起
例　(话题写作之健康的生活方式)Maintaining a healthy diet is associated with better concentration in class.
保持健康饮食与课堂上更好的专注力有关。
be associated with...与……有关
归纳拓展
·in association with...与……合作;与……有关联
·associate...with...把……和……联系在一起
associate with 和……交往;和……结交
·be associated with...与……有关
[语境运用] 完成句子
(话题写作之学校生活)积极参与社团活动通常与培养团队合作精神相关联。
Active participation in club activities
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
(应用文写作之活动介绍)我们学校与一家科技公司联合举办了一场科技创新大赛。
Our school held a technology innovation competition
　　　 　　　.
is usually associated with cultivating teamwork spirit
in association with
a tech company
提到英语角,我总是将其与同外国友人交流和语言能力提升联系起来。
When it comes to the English corner,I always
　　　　　　　 　　　 and improving language skills.
associate it with communicating with foreign friends
2.regardless adv.不顾;不加理会
·regarding prep.关于;至于
·regard n.关注;尊敬;问候 vt.把……视为;以……看待;注视,凝视
[教材原句] This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be.
无论他们其他方面的饮食多么健康,都确实如此。
例　Our club is open to everyone regardless of age,sex or educational background.
不管年龄、性别或者教育背景,我们的俱乐部对每个人开放。
regardless of=in spite of=despite 尽管;不顾(后常接名词,不接从句)
例　Some studies have been carried out with regard to energy consumption.
已经进行了一些关于能源消耗的研究。
with regard to 关于;至于
归纳拓展
·regardless of=in spite of=despite 尽管;不顾(后常接名词,不接从句)
regardless of the fact that...不顾……的事实
·with regard to 关于;至于
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(应用文写作之感谢信)She gave me some advice 　　 　　(regard) how to improve my writing skills.
With regard 　　　 study groups,I find them very helpful for discussing difficult topics.
无论比赛结果如何,我都会为队友加油。
　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　,I will cheer on my teammates.
regarding
to
Regardless of/In spite of/Despite the outcome of the competition
语
境
串
词
With regard to your approach,it is still regarded as the most practical one,regardless of its imperfection.
至于你的方法,尽管有点瑕疵,但还是被认为是最实用的。
3.recommend vt.提议;推荐;介绍;劝告;建议
·recommendation n.提议;推荐;推荐信
[教材原句] The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100-150 calories a day from sugar,which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar.
美国心脏协会建议我们将每日糖摄入量限制在100至150卡路里以下,少于一听甜饮料或一块糖果通常所含的糖分。
例　We are recommended to maintain a balanced diet for better health and concentration.
我们被建议保持均衡饮食以获得更好的健康和专注力。
recommend sb to do sth 建议某人做某事
例　(应用文写作之推荐信)She was recommended as the editor of the school newspaper because of her excellent writing skills.
由于她出色的写作技能,她被推荐为校报的编辑。
recommend sb as...推荐某人为……
例　Our teacher asked us to write a letter of recommendation.
我们的老师让我们写一封推荐信。
归纳拓展
recommend sb to do sth 建议某人做某事
recommend that sb (should) do sth 建议某人做某事
recommend doing sth 建议做某事
recommend sth to sb 向某人推荐某物
recommend sb as...推荐某人为……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
(应用文写作之推荐信)The reason why I recommend you 　　　　(learn) Tang poems is that they are valuable cultural heritage of China.
I’m seeking 　 　　　(recommend) for a good online course to improve my writing skills.
to learn
recommendations
(应用文写作之建议信)我建议每天练习英语口语以提高你的流利度。
→　
(recommend doing sth)
→
　[recommend that sb (should) do sth]
I recommend practising oral English every day to improve your fluency.　
I recommend that you (should) practise oral English every day to improve your fluency.
4.quantity n.数量;数额
[教材原句] Processed foods often contain less nutrition,and have higher quantities of sugar,salt,and fat than fresh ingredients.
相比新鲜食材,加工的食品通常营养成分较低,糖分、盐分和脂肪含量更高。
例　(应用文写作之邀请信)Learning that you have a large quantity of/large quantities of experience in playing basketball,I’m writing to sincerely invite you to join in our basketball club.
得知您在打篮球方面有许多经验,我写信真诚地邀请您加入我们的篮球俱乐部。
a large/small quantity of 大量的/少量的
例　We want not only to increase the quantity of products,but also to ensure the quality.
我们不但要提高产品的产量,还要保证质量。
归纳拓展
a large/small quantity of 大量的/少量的
quantities of 大量的;许多的
in quantity/in large quantities 大量地
温馨提示
①a quantity of/quantities of 后面既可以接可数名词也可以接不可数名词。
②“a quantity of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词与名词的数保持一致;而“quantities of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
A large quantity of money 　　 　　(collect) to help those suffering from the floods.
If you buy the goods 　　　　 quantity,we will offer a better price to you.
Quantities of information 　　　　(be) available online for students to research and learn about various topics.
You must have accumulated large 　 　　　(quantity) of experience.
has been collected
in
are
quantities
(应用文写作之推荐信)我想向你推荐成都,因为成都有许多景点,例如都
江堰。
I’d like to recommend Chengdu to you,because Chengdu
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,such as Dujiangyan.
has a large
quantity of tourist attractions
5.trick n.诀窍;计谋;把戏 v.欺骗;欺诈
[教材原句] There is no one trick to healthy eating.
健康饮食没有诀窍。
例　(话题写作之家庭生活)The siblings couldn’t resist playing tricks on each other during the family vacation.
在家庭度假期间,兄弟姐妹们无法抵挡互相恶作剧的诱惑。
play tricks/a trick on sb=play jokes/a joke on sb=make fun of sb捉弄某人
例　He tricked her into singing in front of the whole class by telling her it was a surprise for her birthday.
他告诉她这是给她的生日惊喜,骗她在全班面前唱歌。
trick sb into doing sth 欺骗某人做某事
归纳拓展
·play tricks/a trick on sb=play jokes/a joke on sb=make fun of sb捉弄某人
the trick of/to...……的窍门
·trick sb into doing sth 欺骗某人做某事
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
I recalled that he often played tricks 　　　　 me,which often made me lose my temper.
He was tricked 　　　　 giving up a large quantity of money belonging to him.
(应用文写作之求助信)作为一名来自美国的交换生,我喜欢吃水饺。你可以告诉我包水饺的诀窍吗
As an exchange student from America,I like eating dumplings.
　 　　　　　　　
on
into
Would you please tell me the trick of making dumplings
重点句式
倍数表达法
▲
[教材原句] And in America,people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day (Journal of the American Medical Association,2014).
在美国,每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍(《美国医学会杂志》,2014年)。
例　The teaching building which is being built now is twice higher than that one.
正在修建的教学楼比那个教学楼高两倍。
例　Covering an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park,the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
大熊猫国家公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为我国首批国家公园之一。
[归纳拓展]
[语境运用] 一句多译/完成句子
在建的体育馆将是操场的三倍大。
→The new stadium being built will be 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 the playground.(as...as)
→The new stadium being built will be 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 the playground.(size)
(应用文写作之感谢信)多亏您的慷慨帮助,我现在的考试分数是从前的
两倍。
Thanks to your generous help,now 　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
three times as large as
three times the size of
my test score is double what it was before
while作连词的用法
▲
[教材原句] Put more simply,while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous,we already know that sugar is a killer.
简单地说,当人们还在为高脂肪食物是否有害而争论不休时,我们已经知晓糖分是健康杀手。
例　While I was in London,you helped me make an adaptation to the new surroundings as soon as possible.
当我在伦敦的时候,你帮助了我尽快适应新的环境。
例　There’s plenty of rain in the southeast,while there’s little in the northwest.
东南部雨量充足,西北部则很少下雨。
归纳拓展
·while用作从属连词时,表示“在……期间;当……的时候”,指一般时间,不能用来表示时间点。
·while用作从属连词时,表示“虽然,尽管”,相当于though/although,引导让步状语从句,多位于句首。
·while用作并列连词时,意为“而,然而”,表示前后意义的对比和转折。
[语境运用] 完成句子
虽然学生们来自不同的国家,但他们在夏令营中相处得很好。
　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,they got along well in the summer camp.
当我在教室里复习功课时,窗外的小鸟在欢快地歌唱。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,the birds outside the window were singing happily.
While the students came from different countries
While I was reviewing my lessons in the classroom
我喜欢在安静的环境中读书,而我哥哥则喜欢边听音乐边读书。
I like to read books in a quiet environment,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 while reading.
while my brother prefers
listening to music
长难句分析
[教材原句] What this means is that people who chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry.
尝试分析:本句是一个主从复合句。 是What引导的主语从句, 是that引导的表语从句, 是who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词people, 是because引导的原因状语从句。
自主翻译:这意味着咀嚼过快的人最终会吃太多食物,因为他们仍然感到
饥饿。
[语境运用] 情境写作
这意味着那些走路太快的人最终会错过路上的美景,因为他们总是急着到达他们的目的地。
What this means is that people who walk too fast end up missing the beautiful scenery on the way because they are always in a rush to get to their destinations.
写作微专题3
Writing a descriptive essay about one’s diet
文本解读
1.文体类型:描述性文章,属于说明文范畴。
2.要点内容:
(1)列举健康饮食的重要性;
(2)根据现状,分析部分学生不健康饮食的种种表现;
(3)结论和改进措施(表达个人观点)。
[思路指引]
实用表达
1.首段常用句式。
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
Nowadays people are beginning to pay more attention to their health than ever before.
People come to realise that good health is the most valuable thing a person can have.
2.中段常用句式。
It is said that most of the students do not eat anything at all in the morning,
which is very bad for their health.
Doctors advise us teenagers to sleep at least 8 hours each day.
Early to bed and early to rise makes a person healthy,wealthy and wise.
Taking exercise is closely related to health.
Besides,we should focus on a balanced diet which assures us the necessary nutrition.
3.尾段常用句式。
As far as I am concerned,health is more important than wealth.
Healthy eating habits are very important for our health.
In my opinion,we should develop good healthy eating habits.
From my point of view,in order to build healthy eating habits,we should eat more vegetables and less fat and sugar.
佳作建构
人们的健康很大程度上受制于饮食习惯。请你写一篇英语作文,就如何养成良好的饮食习惯发表你的看法。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　　　　 垃圾食品
2.　　　　　　　　 n.维生素
junk food
vitamin
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.健康的饮食习惯对我们的健康非常重要。
Healthy eating habits are very important for our health.
2.但我们如何能形成一个健康的饮食习惯呢
But how can we form a healthy eating habit
3.在我看来,我们应该每天吃新鲜的水果和蔬菜,因为它们为我们提供了维生素。
In my opinion,we should eat fresh fruit and vegetables every day,as they supply vitamins to us.
4.早上或晚上喝一杯牛奶也是有益的。
A glass of milk in the morning or at night is also beneficial.
5.除此之外我们还应该注重均衡饮食,它保证我们必要的营养。
Besides,we should focus on a balanced diet and it assures us the necessary nutrients.
6.垃圾食品是我们的健康的致命杀手,所以我们应该远离它。
Junk food is a fatal killer for our health,so we should stay away from it.
7.另外,不吃早餐是一个很坏的习惯,这对我们的健康有很大的危害。
What’s more,it is a very bad habit to skip breakfast,which does great harm to our health.
8.总之,我们应该吃健康的食物,保持精力充沛。
All in all,we should eat healthy food to keep ourselves energetic.
亮点提升
1.将第5句用定语从句进行改写升级。
Besides,we should focus on a balanced diet which assures us the necessary nutrients.
2.将第7句用v.-ing形式作主语进行改写升级。
What’s more,skipping breakfast is a very bad habit,which does great harm to our health.
范文展示
Healthy eating habits are very important for our health.But how can we form a healthy eating habit
In my opinion,we should eat fresh fruit and vegetables every day,as they supply vitamins to us.A glass of milk in the morning or at night is also beneficial.Besides,we should focus on a balanced diet which assures us the necessary nutrients.Junk food is a fatal killer for our health,so we should stay away from it.What’s more,skipping breakfast is a very bad habit,
which does great harm to our health.
All in all,we should eat healthy food to keep ourselves energetic.
写作练习
假设你是李华,你的外国朋友Peter给你写了一封电子邮件。他在邮件中提到,近期他不良的饮食习惯导致身体不适,影响了学习和生活。请你用英语给他回一封电子邮件,建议他养成良好的饮食习惯。内容包括:
1.吃营养早餐;
2.远离脂肪含量高、糖分多的食物;
3.饮食要有规律。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Peter,
I truly hope you’ll get better soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
写作指导
One possible version:
Dear Peter,
I’m very glad to receive your email.But meanwhile, I’m sorry to hear that you are not well due to eating problems.Here is my advice.
Firstly, breakfast should be highly valued because a nutritious breakfast, made of bread, eggs and milk, makes one active and work harder for the whole day.Additionally, you should keep a balanced diet, avoiding consuming food high in fat and sugar.
You’d better eat an appropriate amount of fresh fruit and vegetables.
Most fundamentally, eating regularly and exercising properly, you can keep your body at a proper weight and stay healthy.
I truly hope you’ll get better soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写 微技能之“点” 情感描写 temper n.脾气;火气　love n.爱　afraid adj.害怕　enjoy v.享受
动作描写 consist of 由……组成(或构成)　fill with 装满　experience v.体验　make dumplings包饺子　stuff with用……填满　slice vt.把……切成薄片
人物描写 bold adj.大胆自信的;敢于冒险的　chef n.厨师　family n.家庭　modest adj.谦虚的
读后续写 微技能 之“线” The food was wonderful and different,but what was even more important was the friendship that was offered to us.(情感描写)
Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese,we had no idea how to order...(心理描写)
These groups traditionally wandered the open range on horses.(动作描写)
What we can say,however,is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand,and if you do not experience one,you can never really know the other.(结尾升华句)
读后续写 微技能之“面” 读后续写——成长感悟
在家庭晚餐的温馨氛围中,我小心翼翼地将刚学的烹饪技巧付诸实践,心中充满了期待和紧张。我切下洋葱,眼泪不自觉地流了下来,但我知道这是成长的一部分。妈妈微笑着,鼓励我大胆自信,我深吸一口气,将切好的洋葱放入锅中,那香味让我感到一丝安慰。最终,一盘简单的家常菜摆在桌上,虽然简单,却传达了爱与努力。我们围坐一起,享受着这顿用心烹饪的晚餐,这不仅仅是一顿饭,更是家庭亲情的体现。
In the warm atmosphere of a family dinner,I carefully put my newly learnt cooking skills into practice,1.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　.I slice the onion off,tears streaming down unconsciously,but I know it’s part of growing up.2.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,and I take a deep breath,putting the sliced onions into the pan.The smell 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
Finally,a simple home-cooked meal is on the table.Though simple,
4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　.We sit together,enjoying this meal cooked from the heart,which is more than just a dinner;
5.　 　　　　　　　.
with my heart filled with anticipation
and nervousness
Mum smiles and
encourages me to be bold
brings me a sense of comfort
it conveys love and effort
it’s an expression of family affection
重点知识回顾
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.consist vi.由……组成(或构成)→ adj.一致的;连续的;始终如一的→ adv.一贯地;一致地;始终如一地→ n.一致性;连贯性
2.elegant adj.精美的;讲究的;文雅的→ n.典雅;雅致→ adv.优雅地;精美地
3.exceptional adj.特别的;罕见的;杰出的;优秀的→ prep.除……之外→
n.例外;一般情况以外的人(或事物)→ adv.极其,非常;特殊地;例外地
consistent
consistently
consistency
elegance
elegantly
except
exception
exceptionally
4.stable adj.稳定的;稳重的→ n.稳定(性);稳固(性)→ adv.平稳地;坚固地→ adj.不稳定的;易变的;变化莫测的
5.association n.协会;关联→ adj.有关联的;相关的;有联系的→
vt.联想;联系;交往 n.同事;伙伴 adj.副的
6.regardless adv.不顾;不加理会→ prep.关于;至于→ n.关注;尊敬;问候 vt.把……视为;以……看待;注视;凝视
stability
stably
unstable
associated
associate
regarding
regard
7.moderation n.适度;合理→ adj.适度的;温和的→
adv.适度地;适量地;适中地
8.ideal adj.完美的;理想的;想象的 n.理想;完美的人(或事物)→ adv.理想地;按理想来说
9.fundamental adj.根本的;基础的;基本的 n.基本规律;根本法则→
adv.根本上,完全地;基本上
moderate
moderately
ideally
fundamentally
Ⅱ.重点词块
1.relate...to...　　　
2.refer to
3.prior to
4.consist of
5.at a minimum
6.go hand in hand
把……和……联系起来
涉及;提到;参考;谈及
在……之前的
由……组成(或构成)
在最低程度上;至少
密切关联
7.regardless of
8.cut out
9.limit...to...
10.quantities of
11.as with
12.on the right trick
不管;不顾
停止做(或使用、食用)
把……限制在……内
大量的
至于;正如
思路或行为方式正确
Ⅲ.重点句型回顾
1.形容词和现在分词短语作状语
(又累又饿,一个汉字也不认识),we had no idea how to order,so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
句式仿写
(兴奋不已,充满期待),the students waited for the start of the new semester.
Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese
Excited and full of anticipation
2.while引导时间状语从句
Put more simply, (当人们还在继续争论)whether or not fatty food is dangerous,we already know that sugar is a killer.
句式仿写
(当你还在犹豫) whether to participate in extracurricular activities,other students have already gained a lot of practical experience.
while people continue to argue over
While you are still hesitating aboutUNIT 3　课时作业(一)
(分值:58.5分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共8题;每题1分,共8分)
1.The hotel restaurant is noted for its excellent 　　　　(菜肴).
2.The 　　　　(最少的) time I spend on studying every day is two hours.
3.He has been 　　　　(稳定的) in his studies,achieving excellent grades in every exam.
4.At the age of five,little Mary showed 　　　　　(特别的) talent as a musician.
5.He believes that students should be encouraged to experiment with 　　　　(大胆的) ideas.
6.He realised that his bad 　　　　(脾气) would affect his friends,so he started learning how to control his emotions.
7.Besides studying,I also 　　　　(消耗) some time on entertainment activities,such as watching movies.
8.During the school’s art exhibition,we were all impressed by the 　　　　(精美的) sculptures created by the students.
【答案】 1.cuisine　2.minimum　3.stable
4.exceptional　5.bold　6.temper
7.consume　8.elegant
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共7题;每题1.5分,共10.5分)
1.Prior to 　　　　(attend) the next class,we will be informed of the outcome of the examination.
2.I firmly believe that the medical team 　　　　(consist) of 20 doctors will cure the severe disease.
3.It is his reasonable tips 　　　　 urge me to cooperate with the company.
4.All the drawers 　　　　(stuff) with letters and papers but she finally found them useless.
5.Although I am senior 　　　　 him by five years,he can make an adaptation to complex surroundings sooner than me.
6.　　　　(shock),she couldn’t say a word at the bad news.
7.Generally speaking,students’ academic performances are consistent 　　　　 their efforts.
【答案】 1.attending　2.consisting　3.that
4.were stuffed　5.to　6.Shocked　7.with
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.我真心希望你能接受我们的邀请,参加我们的毕业典礼。(强调谓语动词)
2.健康的饮食和规律的锻炼与保持良好的身心健康是密不可分的。(go hand in hand)
3.又沮丧又无助,这个可怜的男孩独自站在那里,不知道下一步该做什么。 (形容词作状语)
4.在线学习30分钟后要休息片刻,否则长时间盯着屏幕对你的眼睛有害。(祈使句+and/or+陈述句)
5.毫无疑问,成功在于勤奋和决心。(consist in)
【答案】 1.I do hope that you can accept our invitation to attend our graduation ceremony.
2.Healthy eating and regular exercise go hand in hand with keeping good physical and mental health.
3.Depressed and helpless,the poor boy stood there alone,not knowing what to do next.
4.Take a short break after learning online for 30 minutes,or staring at the screen for a long time will be harmful to your eyes.
5.There is no doubt that success consists in diligence and determination.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共12题;每题2.5分,共30分)
A
Dandan noodles are a famous dish from well-known Sichuan cuisine.But Li Hongkai,a famous chef in Zigong City,took the dish to a new level and brought it to international fame.
His golden thread noodles were recognised by Guinness World Records as the thinnest handmade noodles in 2007,which have won the hearts of customers.The dough is so thin that one can read the newspaper through it.The thinnest noodles can go through the eye of a needle at once.His noodles don’t get mushy in boiling water,but they are easy to melt in one’s mouth.Despite their extraordinary characteristics,there is nothing special about the ingredients.But Li has a secret weapon: 17 years of practice.
Since 1990,he has got up at 4 o’clock in the morning to prepare the dough.As a beginner,Li slept on the restaurant’s chairs to save time.After several years,he learnt to control his body strength,which is necessary for the slicing techniques.He also developed his own kneading technique and improved the recipe.Years in the kitchen had paid off.His concoction (调制品) was first acknowledged by the World Association of Chefs’ Societies,when he fitted six noodles through the eye of a needle in 1994.In the following years,he continued to polish his skills and won several cooking competitions.
After his golden thread noodles became popular,Li received many offers overseas.The restaurant he used to work for in Beijing also wanted him back with a handsome salary.But he decided to stay in his hometown and develop the native Salt Gang’s dishes.“From my experience of working in large cities,most customers prefer genuine Sichuan snack,” said Li.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了四川大厨李红凯通过坚持不懈的努力,成为“最细手工切面”吉尼斯世界纪录保持者的故事。
(　　)1.What is the recipe for Li Hongkai’s success
[A]Much effort.
[B]Cooking talent.
[C]Special experiments.
[D]Extraordinary ingredients.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知,李红凯的成功秘诀就是十七年里坚持苦练。故选A。
(　　)2.Which of the following words can best describe Li Hongkai
[A]Humble and cautious.
[B]Ambitious and determined.
[C]Intelligent and considerate.
[D]Open-minded and easy-going.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段第一、第二句及最后一句可知,李红凯不畏困难,不断提高自己的技艺,最终通过坚持不懈的努力,赢得了多次厨艺大赛。由此可知,他是一个有雄心和决心的人。故选B。
(　　)3.Why does Li Hongkai choose to stay in his hometown
[A]To become popular.
[B]To get a higher salary.
[C]To develop the local dishes.
[D]To create jobs for his fellows.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知,李红凯决定留在家乡,是为了发展当地的自贡盐帮菜。故选C。
(　　)4.What can be a suitable title for the text
[A]Advantages of Dandan Noodles
[B]The Special Way to Serve Hometown
[C]The Thinnest Handmade Chinese Noodles
[D]Technique of Making Golden Thread Noodles
【答案】 C
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文,结合第一段第二句可知,本文讲述了四川大厨李红凯通过坚持不懈的努力,成为“最细手工切面”吉尼斯世界纪录保持者的故事。C项适合作为本文标题。故选C。
B
Humans have been living and working on the space station for over 20 years.Their meals are packaged,though sometimes astronauts receive fresh treats from resupply missions.The longer that packaged food is stored,the more it loses nutrients like vitamin C and vitamin K.
Astronauts have successfully grown 10 different crops on the space station since 2015 and had the chance to sample (品尝) each one.The International Space Station hosted a party for astronauts as they celebrated the harvest of the first chili peppers (辣椒) grown in space.The crew finally had a chance to taste the peppers after initially kicking off the plant experiment on the space station in July.
Plant Habitat-04 is one of the most complex plant experiments on the orbiting laboratory to date because peppers take much longer to grow than the previous experiment plants.After growing for four months,the peppers were finally harvested.
Peppers provide a great source of vitamin C,as well as other key nutrients.Pepper plants self-pollinate (自花授粉),so they are easy to grow,and they are a pick-and-eat crop that doesn’t have to be cooked.They are also safe to eat raw.
A side effect of life in zero gravity is that astronauts often lose some of their taste and smell,so spicy or well-seasoned foods are a favourite.Adding fresh greens or peppers to the menu allows astronauts to liven up their regular meals.But growing and tending to the plants can also produce other benefits.
Astronauts have described the joy from seeing — as well as smelling and caring for — leafy green plants on the space station that remind them of Earth.
“Growing colourful vegetables in space can have long-term benefits for physical and psychological health,” said Matt Romeyn,principal investigator for the experiment.“We are discovering that growing plants and vegetables with colours and smells helps to improve astronauts’ well-being.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了航天员们在空间站首次进行辣椒种植试验的相关情况。
(　　)5.How is the food astronauts eat on the space station
[A]Always fresh.
[B]Lack of nutrients.
[C]Never tasty.
[D]Full of vitamins.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知,包装食品放的时间越长,它就会损失越多的营养素。因此可推知,空间站航天员吃的食物缺少营养素。故选B。
(　　)6.What makes Plant Habitat-04 one of the most complex plant experiments
[A]The technology.
[B]Growing process.
[C]The varieties of plants.
[D]Growing time required.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,Plant Habitat-04是最复杂的植物试验之一,因为辣椒的生长周期比其他之前做过试验的植物要长很多。故选D。
(　　)7.Which is the most probable reason for adding peppers to food for astronauts
[A]Peppers are delicious.
[B]Peppers can improve memory.
[C]Peppers help prevent diseases.
[D]Peppers can restore appetite.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第五段第一、第二句可知,零重力环境的一个副作用是航天员们会失去一部分味觉和嗅觉,因此把辣椒添加到食物中可以让航天员恢复食欲。故选D。
(　　)8.Which of the following could be the best title for the text
[A]The Fun of Growing Chili Peppers in Space
[B]The Agricultural Goal in the Space Mission
[C]The First Chili Peppers Grown in Space
[D]The Chili Peppers Used in the Space Mission
【答案】 C
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文,结合第二段第二句可知,文章主要介绍了航天员们在空间站首次进行辣椒种植试验的相关情况。C项适合作为本文标题。故选C。
C
　　A strong coffee after a poor night’s sleep is the kick-start many people need in the morning,but research suggests that it might be best to have a bite to eat first.
A study has found that drinking coffee first can have a negative effect on blood sugar control—a risk factor for diabetes(糖尿病) and heart disease.
“We know that nearly half of us will wake in the morning and,before doing anything else,drink coffee—subjectively the more tired we feel,the stronger the coffee,” said Professor James Betts,at the University of Bath in the U.K.
For their study,researchers at the University of Bath got 29 healthy men and women to take part in three different overnight experiments,with at least a week among them.
In one,the participants had a normal night’s sleep,roughly from 11 p.m.to 7 a.m.,and were asked to consume a sugary drink on waking in the morning.They then experienced an interrupted night’s sleep,where the researchers woke them every hour for five minutes by sending them text messages to which they had to respond—and upon waking were given the same sugary drink.
On another night,participants experienced the same sleep interruption,but this time were first given a strong black coffee 30 minutes before consuming the sugary drink.
They found that one night of interrupted sleep did not worsen the participants’ blood sugar and insulin(胰岛素) responses when compared to the normal night’s sleep—although previous research suggested that losing many hours of sleep or many nights of poor sleep could have a negative effect.However,strong black coffee consumed before breakfast actually increased the blood sugar response by around 50%—suggesting that relying on coffee after a bad night to stop feeling sleepy could limit your body’s ability to tolerate the sugar in your breakfast.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。一项研究表明,早上起床直接喝咖啡对控制血糖有不好的影响,会限制身体的耐糖能力。
(　　)9.What does the underlined word “kick-start” in Paragraph 1 refer to
[A]A kind of sport.
[B]A kind of power.
[C]A kind of medicine.
[D]A kind of belief.
【答案】 B
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据画线词所在句“A strong coffee after...in the morning”可知,晚上没睡好,第二天早上喝一杯浓咖啡是许多人的活力来源,kick-start与power意义相近。故选B。
(　　)10.What was unchanged in the experiments
[A]The duration of sleep.
[B]The blood sugar response.
[C]The sugary drink.
[D]The intake of coffee.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。 根据第五段中的“were asked to consume a sugary drink on waking in the morning”和“upon waking were given the same sugary drink”以及第六段中的“before consuming the sugary drink”可知,三次实验中参与者都喝了含糖饮料。故选C。
(　　)11.What increased the participants’ blood sugar response most before breakfast
[A]A normal sugary drink.
[B]A normal night’s sleep.
[C]An interrupted night’s sleep.
[D]A cup of strong black coffee.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。 根据最后一段中的“one night of interrupted sleep...and insulin(胰岛素) responses”及“strong black coffee consumed...by around 50%”可知,使血糖反应增加最多的是浓烈的黑咖啡。故选D。
(　　)12.How did researchers draw the conclusion
[A]By comparing the results.
[B]By listing some examples.
[C]By surveying the participants.
[D]By referring to some documents.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四、第五、第六段可知,研究者进行了三次实验,再根据最后一段中的“when compared to the normal night’s sleep”可知,调查人员通过比较实验结果得出了结论。故选A。(共47张PPT)
UNIT 3　课时作业(一)
(分值:58.5分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共8题;每题1分,共8分)
1.The hotel restaurant is noted for its excellent 　　　 　(菜肴).
2.The 　　　 　(最少的) time I spend on studying every day is two hours.
3.He has been 　　 　(稳定的) in his studies,achieving excellent grades in every exam.
4.At the age of five,little Mary showed 　　　 　　(特别的) talent as a musician.
cuisine
minimum
stable
exceptional
5.He believes that students should be encouraged to experiment with
　　　　(大胆的) ideas.
6.He realised that his bad 　　 　　(脾气) would affect his friends,so he started learning how to control his emotions.
7.Besides studying,I also 　　 　　(消耗) some time on entertainment activities,such as watching movies.
8.During the school’s art exhibition,we were all impressed by the 　　　(精美的) sculptures created by the students.
bold
temper
consume
elegant
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共7题;每题1.5分,共10.5分)
1.Prior to 　 　　　(attend) the next class,we will be informed of the outcome of the examination.
2.I firmly believe that the medical team 　　　 　(consist) of 20 doctors will cure the severe disease.
3.It is his reasonable tips 　　　 urge me to cooperate with the company.
attending
consisting
that
4.All the drawers 　　 　　(stuff) with letters and papers but she finally found them useless.
5.Although I am senior 　　　　 him by five years,he can make an adaptation to complex surroundings sooner than me.
6.　　　 　(shock),she couldn’t say a word at the bad news.
7.Generally speaking,students’ academic performances are consistent
　　 　　 their efforts.
were stuffed
to
Shocked
with
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.我真心希望你能接受我们的邀请,参加我们的毕业典礼。(强调谓语动词)
I do hope that you can accept our invitation to attend our graduation
ceremony.
2.健康的饮食和规律的锻炼与保持良好的身心健康是密不可分的。
(go hand in hand)
Healthy eating and regular exercise go hand in hand with keeping good
physical and mental health.
3.又沮丧又无助,这个可怜的男孩独自站在那里,不知道下一步该做什么。
(形容词作状语)
Depressed and helpless,the poor boy stood there alone,not knowing what
to do next.
4.在线学习30分钟后要休息片刻,否则长时间盯着屏幕对你的眼睛有害。
(祈使句+and/or+陈述句)
Take a short break after learning online for 30 minutes,or staring at the screen for a long time will be harmful to your eyes.
5.毫无疑问,成功在于勤奋和决心。(consist in)
There is no doubt that success consists in diligence and determination.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共12题;每题2.5分,共30分)
A
Dandan noodles are a famous dish from well-known Sichuan cuisine.
But Li Hongkai,a famous chef in Zigong City,took the dish to a new level and brought it to international fame.
His golden thread noodles were recognised by Guinness World Records as the thinnest handmade noodles in 2007,which have won the hearts of customers.The dough is so thin that one can read the newspaper through it.The thinnest noodles can go through the eye of a needle at once.His noodles don’t get mushy in boiling water,but they are easy to melt in one’s mouth.Despite their extraordinary characteristics,there is nothing special about the ingredients.But Li has a secret weapon: 17 years of practice.
Since 1990,he has got up at 4 o’clock in the morning to prepare the dough.As a beginner,Li slept on the restaurant’s chairs to save time.After several years,he learnt to control his body strength,which is necessary for the slicing techniques.He also developed his own kneading technique and improved the recipe.Years in the kitchen had paid off.His concoction (调制品) was first acknowledged by the World Association of Chefs’ Societies,
when he fitted six noodles through the eye of a needle in 1994.In the following years,he continued to polish his skills and won several cooking competitions.
After his golden thread noodles became popular,Li received many offers overseas.The restaurant he used to work for in Beijing also wanted him back with a handsome salary.But he decided to stay in his hometown and develop the native Salt Gang’s dishes.“From my experience of working in large cities,most customers prefer genuine Sichuan snack,” said Li.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了四川大厨李红凯通过坚持不懈的努力,成为“最细手工切面”吉尼斯世界纪录保持者的故事。
(　　)1.What is the recipe for Li Hongkai’s success
[A]Much effort.
[B]Cooking talent.
[C]Special experiments.
[D]Extraordinary ingredients.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知,李红凯的成功秘诀就是十七年里坚持苦练。故选A。
(　　)2.Which of the following words can best describe Li Hongkai
[A]Humble and cautious.
[B]Ambitious and determined.
[C]Intelligent and considerate.
[D]Open-minded and easy-going.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段第一、第二句及最后一句可知,李红凯不畏困难,不断提高自己的技艺,最终通过坚持不懈的努力,赢得了多次厨艺大赛。由此可知,他是一个有雄心和决心的人。故选B。
(　　)3.Why does Li Hongkai choose to stay in his hometown
[A]To become popular.
[B]To get a higher salary.
[C]To develop the local dishes.
[D]To create jobs for his fellows.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知,李红凯决定留在家乡,是为了发展当地的自贡盐帮菜。故选C。
(　　)4.What can be a suitable title for the text
[A]Advantages of Dandan Noodles
[B]The Special Way to Serve Hometown
[C]The Thinnest Handmade Chinese Noodles
[D]Technique of Making Golden Thread Noodles
C
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文,结合第一段第二句可知,本文讲述了四川大厨李红凯通过坚持不懈的努力,成为“最细手工切面”吉尼斯世界纪录保持者的故事。C项适合作为本文标题。故选C。
B
Humans have been living and working on the space station for over 20 years.Their meals are packaged,though sometimes astronauts receive fresh treats from resupply missions.The longer that packaged food is stored,the more it loses nutrients like vitamin C and vitamin K.
Astronauts have successfully grown 10 different crops on the space station since 2015 and had the chance to sample (品尝) each one.The International Space Station hosted a party for astronauts as they celebrated the harvest of the first chili peppers (辣椒) grown in space.The crew finally had a chance to taste the peppers after initially kicking off the plant experiment on the space station in July.
Plant Habitat-04 is one of the most complex plant experiments on the orbiting laboratory to date because peppers take much longer to grow than the previous experiment plants.After growing for four months,the peppers were finally harvested.
Peppers provide a great source of vitamin C,as well as other key nutrients.Pepper plants self-pollinate (自花授粉),so they are easy to grow,and they are a pick-and-eat crop that doesn’t have to be cooked.
They are also safe to eat raw.
A side effect of life in zero gravity is that astronauts often lose some of their taste and smell,so spicy or well-seasoned foods are a favourite.Adding fresh greens or peppers to the menu allows astronauts to liven up their regular meals.But growing and tending to the plants can also produce other benefits.
Astronauts have described the joy from seeing — as well as smelling and caring for — leafy green plants on the space station that remind them of Earth.
“Growing colourful vegetables in space can have long-term benefits for physical and psychological health,” said Matt Romeyn,principal investigator for the experiment.“We are discovering that growing plants and vegetables with colours and smells helps to improve astronauts’ well-being.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了航天员们在空间站首次进行辣椒种植试验的相关情况。
(　　)5.How is the food astronauts eat on the space station
[A]Always fresh.
[B]Lack of nutrients.
[C]Never tasty.
[D]Full of vitamins.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知,包装食品放的时间越长,它就会损失越多的营养素。因此可推知,空间站航天员吃的食物缺少营养素。故选B。
(　　)6.What makes Plant Habitat-04 one of the most complex plant experiments
[A]The technology.
[B]Growing process.
[C]The varieties of plants.
[D]Growing time required.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,Plant Habitat-04是最复杂的植物试验之一,因为辣椒的生长周期比其他之前做过试验的植物要长很多。故选D。
(　　)7.Which is the most probable reason for adding peppers to food for astronauts
[A]Peppers are delicious.
[B]Peppers can improve memory.
[C]Peppers help prevent diseases.
[D]Peppers can restore appetite.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第五段第一、第二句可知,零重力环境的一个副作用是航天员们会失去一部分味觉和嗅觉,因此把辣椒添加到食物中可以让航天员恢复食欲。故选D。
(　　)8.Which of the following could be the best title for the text
[A]The Fun of Growing Chili Peppers in Space
[B]The Agricultural Goal in the Space Mission
[C]The First Chili Peppers Grown in Space
[D]The Chili Peppers Used in the Space Mission
C
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文,结合第二段第二句可知,文章主要介绍了航天员们在空间站首次进行辣椒种植试验的相关情况。C项适合作为本文标题。故选C。
C
A strong coffee after a poor night’s sleep is the kick-start many people need in the morning,but research suggests that it might be best to have a bite to eat first.
A study has found that drinking coffee first can have a negative effect on blood sugar control—a risk factor for diabetes(糖尿病) and heart disease.
“We know that nearly half of us will wake in the morning and,before doing anything else,drink coffee—subjectively the more tired we feel,the stronger the coffee,” said Professor James Betts,at the University of Bath in the U.K.
For their study,researchers at the University of Bath got 29 healthy men and women to take part in three different overnight experiments,with at least a week among them.
In one,the participants had a normal night’s sleep,roughly from 11 p.m.to 7 a.m.,and were asked to consume a sugary drink on waking in the morning.They then experienced an interrupted night’s sleep,where the researchers woke them every hour for five minutes by sending them text messages to which they had to respond—and upon waking were given the same sugary drink.
On another night,participants experienced the same sleep interruption,
but this time were first given a strong black coffee 30 minutes before consuming the sugary drink.
They found that one night of interrupted sleep did not worsen the participants’ blood sugar and insulin(胰岛素) responses when compared to the normal night’s sleep—although previous research suggested that losing many hours of sleep or many nights of poor sleep could have a negative effect.However,strong black coffee consumed before breakfast actually increased the blood sugar response by around 50%—suggesting that relying on coffee after a bad night to stop feeling sleepy could limit your body’s ability to tolerate the sugar in your breakfast.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。一项研究表明,早上起床直接喝咖啡对控制血糖有不好的影响,会限制身体的耐糖能力。
(　　)9.What does the underlined word “kick-start” in Paragraph 1 refer to
[A]A kind of sport.
[B]A kind of power.
[C]A kind of medicine.
[D]A kind of belief.
B
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据画线词所在句“A strong coffee after...in the morning”可知,晚上没睡好,第二天早上喝一杯浓咖啡是许多人的活力来源,kick-start与power意义相近。故选B。
(　　)10.What was unchanged in the experiments
[A]The duration of sleep.
[B]The blood sugar response.
[C]The sugary drink.
[D]The intake of coffee.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。 根据第五段中的“were asked to consume a sugary drink on waking in the morning”和“upon waking were given the same sugary drink”以及第六段中的“before consuming the sugary drink”可知,三次实验中参与者都喝了含糖饮料。故选C。
(　　)11.What increased the participants’ blood sugar response most before breakfast
[A]A normal sugary drink.
[B]A normal night’s sleep.
[C]An interrupted night’s sleep.
[D]A cup of strong black coffee.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。 根据最后一段中的“one night of interrupted sleep...and insulin(胰岛素) responses”及“strong black coffee consumed...
by around 50%”可知,使血糖反应增加最多的是浓烈的黑咖啡。故选D。
(　　)12.How did researchers draw the conclusion
[A]By comparing the results.
[B]By listing some examples.
[C]By surveying the participants.
[D]By referring to some documents.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四、第五、第六段可知,研究者进行了三次实验,再根据最后一段中的“when compared to the normal night’s sleep”可知,调查人员通过比较实验结果得出了结论。故选A。(共110张PPT)
UNIT 3　
FOOD AND CULTURE
[头脑风暴·思维发散]
Cuisine is a representation of culture.In China,dim sum is not just food; it’s a carrier of social events where families gather.The minimum of ingredients creates wonderful flavour,showing respect for nature.A vegetarian diet,chosen for health or other reasons,reflects a culture’s values.Eating in moderation is a fundamental principle,as it helps maintain a balanced life through the intake of vitamins and fibre.These culinary practices are the threads that weave the rich tapestry of global cultures.
菜肴是文化的一种表现形式。在中国,点心不仅仅是食物,它还是一种家庭聚集的社会性活动的载体。最少的食材创造出绝妙的风味,显示出对自然的尊重。出于健康或其他原因选择的素食反映了一种文化的价值观念。适度饮食是一个基本原则,它有助于通过摄入维生素和纤维来保持生活的平衡。这些烹饪习惯是编织全球文化丰富画卷的线。
Reading and Thinking,
Learning About Language
Part 1
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. 　　　　 adj.大胆自信的;敢于冒险的
2. n.厨师;主厨
3. vt.填满;把……塞进
n.东西;物品
4. n.脾气;火气
5. n.无用的东西
写作词汇
bold
chef
stuff
temper
junk
6. n.甘蓝;卷心菜;洋白菜
7. n.品牌
8. n.食堂;餐厅
cabbage
brand
canteen
1.cuisine　　　　 n.
2.pepper n.
3.recipe n.
4.onion n.
5.lamb n.
6.vegetarian n.
阅读词汇
菜肴;风味;烹饪
甜椒;灯笼椒;胡椒粉
烹饪法;食谱
洋葱;葱头
羊羔肉;羔羊
素食者
7.garlic n.
8.bacon n.
9.ham n.
10.sausage n.
11.ingredient n.
12.dessert n.
13.cafeteria n.
蒜
熏猪肉;咸肉
火腿
香肠;腊肠
(尤指烹饪)材料;成分
(饭后)甜点
自助餐厅;自助食堂
拓展词汇
1. adj.先前的;优先的→priority n.优先;优先权;优先事项;最重要的事
2. vi.由……组成(或构成)→consistent adj.一致的;连续的;始终如一的→consistently adv.一贯地;一致地;始终如一地→consistency n.一致性;连贯性
3. adj.精美的;讲究的;文雅的→elegance n.典雅;雅致→
elegantly adv.优雅地;精美地
prior
consist
elegant
4. adj.特别的;罕见的;杰出的;优秀的→except prep.除……之外→exception n.例外;一般情况以外的人(或事物)→exceptionally adv.极
其,非常;特殊地;例外地
5. n.最小值;最少量 adj.最低(限度)的;最小的→minimise vt.使减少到最低限度;使显得不重要;使最小化→maximum adj.最大极限的;最高的;最多的
exceptional
minimum
6. vt.吃;喝;饮;消耗→consumption n.(能量、食物或材料的)消耗,消耗量;消费→consumer n.消费者;顾客;用户
7. adj.稳定的;稳重的→stability n.稳定(性);稳固(性)→stably adv.平稳地;坚固地→unstable adj.不稳定的;易变的;变化莫测的
consume
stable
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.relate...to...　　　　
2.refer to
3.prior to
4.consist of
5.over an open fire
6.at a minimum
7.go hand in hand
把……和……联系起来
涉及;提到;参考;谈及
在……之前的
由……组成 (或构成)
在篝火上
在最低程度上;至少
密切关联
重点句型
1. , what you are.(祈使句+and+陈述句)
告诉我你平时吃什么,我就可以说出你是个什么样的人。
Tell me what you eat
and I will tell you
2.For example,America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken, ,
.(非限制性定语从句;过去分词作后置定语)
例如,在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠甜辣鸡”,它在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱,再佐以煸炒过的红辣椒制成。
which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce
flavoured with hot red peppers
3.On the other hand, .(强调谓语动词)
不过在另一方面,它确实让我们对美国人有了更多了解。
4. ,we had no idea how to order,so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.(形容词和现在分词短语作状语)
又累又饿,一个汉字也不认识,我们压根儿不知道如何点餐,于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物,那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
it does tell us a lot about Americans
Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese
5.The food was wonderful and different,but
was the friendship that was offered to us.(what引导主语从句)
食物妙不可言、与众不同,但更为重要的是我们所收获的友谊。
what was even more important
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与社会——饮食与文化。
2.语篇类型:一篇分析食物与文化关系的事理说明文。
3.课文内容分析:
本文通过引用法国作家让·安泰尔姆·布里亚-萨瓦兰的哲理名言,阐释了本文的主要内容——食物与性格、文化的关系。本文还联系中国各地的特色美食文化,指出文化和美食是相辅相成的,只有亲身体验,才可能真正地深入了解。学习本文,有助于学生了解博大精深的中国饮食文化,坚定文化自信,并帮助学生了解中外特色菜肴及饮食文化差异,深入理解饮食与文化的关系,增强跨文化沟通意识,提高跨文化沟通能力。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
what
experiences
America
Shandong
Xinjiang
Guangdong and Henan
hand in hand
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.Why does the author cite “You are what you eat” in Paragraph 1
[A]Because he wants to introduce the theme of the article.
[B]Because he wants to persuade people to eat healthy food.
[C]Because he wants to show the impact of food on health.
[D]Because he wants to prove culture has little to do with cuisine.
A
(　　)2.Why did the author and his family go to a Sichuan restaurant
[A]Because they had a special preference for Sichuan cuisine.
[B]Because they accepted the recommendation from one friend.
[C]Because they hoped to have a taste of Sichuan peppercorns.
[D]Because they heard that the chef there was very friendly.
B
(　　)3.What can we infer from the last paragraph
[A]The brave people often enjoy eating spicy food.
[B]We should be brave to taste new kinds of food.
[C]People’s personalities are linked to what they eat to some extent.
[D]In a sense spicy food will lead to a quarrel.
C
(　　)4.What is the author’s opinion about culture and cuisine
[A]Cuisine has nothing to do with culture.
[B]The foods a person eats can reflect his personality vividly.
[C]Culture and cuisine are closely related to each other.
[D]Cuisine only shows what people grow or raise in their region.
C
二次开发·深研课文
▲
According to the French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin,
1.　　　 we eat can show our personality,character,and culture.Chinese cuisine is a good example.Prior to 2.　　　 　(come) to China,I only experienced Chinese food that 3.　　 　　 (change) to suit American tastes.America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken,which tells us a lot about Americans.
what
coming
had been changed
When I came to Beijing,a friend recommended a Sichuan restaurant where we had the 4.　　 　　 (please) of experiencing an entirely new taste: Sichuan peppercorns.What was even 5.　　　　 important was the friendship that was offered to us.In Shandong,I liked boiled dumplings
6.　　　　 (serve) with vinegar best.I observed that family is important to the people there.In northern Xinjiang,I enjoyed boiled or roasted meat.
7.　　 　　 we went,we experienced wonderful local dishes.
pleasure
more
served
Everywhere
Although the food was as 8.　　　　 (vary) as the people,Chinese people everywhere show friendship and 9.　　 　　 (kind) through food.From my experiences,I know that culture and cuisine go hand in hand,and if you do not experience one,you can never 10.　 　　　 (real) know the other.
varied
kindness
really
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.prior adj.先前的;优先的
·priority n.优先;优先权;优先事项;最重要的事
[教材原句] Prior to coming to China,my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America,with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.
来中国之前,我只在美国接触过中式烹饪,那里的中国食物已被改变,以适应美国人的口味。
例 I had been living in Beijing for two years prior to meeting her.
在认识她之前,我已经在北京住了两年了。
prior to 在……之前的
例 This method of teaching is considered superior to traditional one because it’s more interactive.
这种教学方法被认为优于传统的教学方法,因为它更具互动性。
归纳拓展
·prior to 在……之前的
·a high/low priority 重点/非重点项目
a top priority 当务之急
take priority over... 优先于……
温馨提示
①“在……之前”的其他表达如下:
ahead of 在……之前
in advance 预先;提前
②与(be) prior to 结构相似的短语如下:
(be) senior to 比……级别高/年长
(be) junior to 比……级别低/年幼
(be) inferior to 不如……
(be) superior to 超过……;胜过……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Prior to 　　　 　(leave) for France,he has been exposed to various French traditional cultures.
Nowadays the 　　　 　(prior) for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
leaving
priority
(应用文写作之建议信)对于希望提高学习效率的学生来说,找到一个好的学习小组是当务之急。
Finding a good study group can be 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 who want to improve their learning efficiency.
他比我高三级,这意味着他在学习上有更多的经验。
He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,which means he has more experience in studying.
a top priority for students
is senior to me by three years
2.consist of由……组成(或构成)
[教材原句] For example,America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken,which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce,
flavoured with hot red peppers.
例如,在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠甜辣鸡”,它在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱,再佐以煸炒过的红辣椒制成。
例　Our class consists of 50 lively students,who are warm and generous and ready to offer help.
我们班由50名活泼的学生组成,他们热情大方,乐于助人。
例　The strength of our team consists in the good teamwork among us.
我们团队的优势在于我们之间良好的团队合作。
consist in=lie in存在于;在于
例　Her actions are always consistent with her words,which is why we trust her.
她的行为总是与她的言语一致,这就是我们信任她的原因。
be consistent with... 与……一致的;相符的
归纳拓展
·consist in=lie in存在于;在于
·consistent adj.一致的;连续的;始终如一的
be consistent with... 与……一致的;相符的
·consistency n.一致性;连贯性
·consistently adv.一贯地;一致地;始终如一地
温馨提示
表示“由……组成”的短语还有“be made up of”“be composed of”“be comprised of”等。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(话题写作之友谊)The essence of friendship 　　　　(consist) in mutual understanding and support.
(话题写作之语言学习)She 　　　 　(consistent) practises every day when learning a new language,and she makes quick progress.
consists
consistently
(应用文写作之活动介绍)昨天在艺术中心举办了传统中国画作品展,这次展览包括几十幅我们校友画的作品。
A traditional Chinese painting exhibition
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 was held yesterday in the art centre.
consisting of/made up of/composed
of/comprised of dozens of works painted by our schoolmates
语
境
串
词
Our class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.Everyone’s words are consistent with their deeds,and they also subscribe to the fact that the true wealth does not consist in what we have,but in what we are.
我们的班级由25名男生和20名女生组成。每个学生都言行一致,他们也都认同“真正的财富不在于我们所拥有的,而在于我们自身的价值”这个事实。
3.exceptional adj.特别的;罕见的;杰出的;优秀的
·except prep.除……之外
·exception n.例外;一般情况以外的人(或事物)
·exceptionally adv.极其,非常;特殊地;例外地
[教材原句] In each place we went,we experienced wonderful local dishes,
from Guangdong’s elegant dim sum—small servings of food in bamboo steamers—to the exceptional stewed noodles in Henan.
我们每到一处,都会品尝当地美食,有广东的精致点心——那是放在竹蒸笼里蒸出来的小份食品——还有河南独特的烩面。
例 In this art competition,her painting stood out with its exceptional creativity and wonderful colour use.
在这次艺术比赛中,她的画以其特别的创意和绝妙的色彩运用脱颖而出。
例 All students without exception must take the English examination.
所有学生都必须参加英语考试,无一例外。
without exception一律;无一例外
例 I like this book except for the ending which I found a bit disappointing.
我喜欢这本书,除了结局,我觉得结局有点令人失望。
except for 除……之外
归纳拓展
·except for 除……之外
except that...除了……;只是……
·with the exception of 除……之外;不包括……在内
without exception一律;无一例外
温馨提示
except for表示“除……以外(除去另类的内容)”,except表示“除……之外
(不包含在内)”,而besides表示“除……之外(还有)”。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(应用文写作之人物介绍)The teacher was 　　 　　(exceptional) patient with the students who were struggling to understand the concept.
The park is beautiful at any time of the year 　　　　 the exception of winter when it’s quite bare.
He would be the ideal candidate for the job,except 　　　　 he lacks experience.
exceptionally
with
that
(读后续写之场景描写)电话线另一端一片寂静,只有她的啜泣声。
The line was quiet on the other side　　　　　　　　　　　.
except for her sobbing
4.minimum n.最小值;最少量adj.最低(限度)的;最小的
·minimise vt.使减少到最低限度;使显得不重要;使最小化
·maximum adj.最大极限的;最高的;最多的
[教材原句] At a minimum,the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region,what kinds of lives they lead,and what they like and do not like.
当地人的食物种类至少能让我们知道他们在该地区种植什么作物,过着怎样的生活,喜欢什么和不喜欢什么。
例　To participate in the school’s math competition,you need to have a minimum score of 80 on your last exam.
要参加学校的数学竞赛,你上次考试的分数至少需要达到80分。
例 (应用文写作之建议信)To focus better,you should keep distractions to a minimum while studying.
为了更好地集中注意力,你应该在学习时尽量减少让你分心的事物。
keep...to a minimum 把……保持在最低限度
归纳拓展
above/below the minimum 超过/低于最低限度
at a minimum 在最低程度上;至少
keep...to a minimum 把……保持在最低限度
[语境运用] 完成句子
这个学期,我争取把每门课程的成绩都提高到最高水平。
This semester,I strive to raise my grades in every course
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
为了保持健康,你每周至少要锻炼三次。
To stay healthy,you should 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
to the maximum level
exercise three times a week at a minimum
在小组讨论中,我尽量把个人的发言时间控制在最低限度,以给其他同学更多的发言机会。
In group discussions,I try to
　　　　　 to give other classmates more opportunities to speak.
keep my personal speaking time to a
minimum
5.go hand in hand 密切关联,相连带
[教材原句] What we can say,however,is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand,and if you do not experience one,you can never really know the other.
但是,我们可以确定的是,文化和美食这两者息息相关,如果你没有体验过其中的一个,你就永远无法真正了解另一个。
例 As the saying goes,success and failure always go hand in hand.
俗话说,成功与失败总是密切关联的。
例　I visited the museum and learnt historical knowledge at first hand.
我参观了博物馆,直接了解到了历史知识。
at first hand第一手;亲自
归纳拓展
hand in hand手拉手
at first hand第一手;亲自
hold sb’s hand (困难时)给某人支持;拉某人一把
in hand在手头;可供使用;在掌握中;正在处理中
on the other hand另一方面
[语境运用] 完成句子
(应用文写作之建议信)一方面,我们应该对未来乐观,但另一方面,我们应该做好充分准备。
On the one hand,we should be optimistic about our future,but
　　　　　　　　　　,we should make full preparations.
on the other hand
体育锻炼与心理健康相辅相成,因为定期锻炼可以减少压力并改善心情。
Physical exercise and mental health 　　　　　　　　　,as regular workouts can reduce stress and improve mood.
(读后续写之主旨升华)我通过参加这个志愿者活动,亲自体验到了帮助他人的快乐。
By participating in this volunteer activity,I
　　　　　　　　　.
go hand in hand
experienced the joy of helping
others at first hand
重点句式
do/does/did+动词原形,强调谓语动词
▲
[教材原句] On the other hand,it does tell us a lot about Americans.
不过在另一方面,它确实让我们对美国人有了更多了解。
例　I did participate in the school’s basketball game last week.
我上周确实参加了学校的篮球比赛。
例　Our teacher does organise group discussions every week.
我们的老师真的每周组织小组讨论。
归纳拓展
·“do/does/did+动词原形”结构,用于强调谓语时要注意:
(1)句子是肯定句;
(2)句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时;
·“do/does/did+动词原形”结构只能用来强调谓语动词,若强调主语、宾语、表语、状语等,则应用“It is/was...that/
who...”句型进行强调。
[语境运用] 翻译句子
我上周真的从图书馆借了本科学杂志。
I did borrow a science magazine from the library last week.
她真的喜欢自己动手做科学实验。
She does like to do scientific experiments by herself.
正是那次失败让我意识到努力的重要性。
It was that failure that made me realise the importance of hard work.
形容词或分词短语作状语
▲
[教材原句] Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese,we had no idea how to order,so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
又累又饿,一个汉字也不认识,我们压根儿不知道如何点餐,于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物,那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
例　(读后续写之场景描写)Cold,hungry and alone,I looked at the grim garden,wondering about my future here.
又冷又饿,孤身一人,我望着那凄凉的花园,思索着我在这里的未来。
例　(读后续写之情感描写)Desperate and worried,Jane knelt down,tears streaming down her face without control.
既绝望又担心,简跪了下来,泪水止不住地顺着她的脸颊流淌。
[归纳拓展]
[语境运用] 完成句子
(读后续写之动作描写)他无法控制自己的情感,大哭起来,以手掩面。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he burst into tears and buried his face in his hands.
(应用文写作之邀请信)很高兴得知你对中国画感兴趣,我写信真诚地邀请你参观我们学校即将举办的展览。
　　　　　　　　 　　　　 that you are interested in Chinese paintings,I am writing to sincerely invite you to visit the exhibition to be held in our school.
Unable to control his emotions
Glad/ Delighted to know
(读后续写之情感描写)既兴奋又感动,他们泪流满面。
　　　　　　　　　　　　,they were in tears.
Excited and moved
长难句分析
[教材原句] At a minimum,the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region, what kinds of lives they lead,and what they like and do not like.
尝试分析:本句是主从复合句,主句主语是the kinds of food,谓语是tell; 为省略关系词that/which的定语从句,修饰先行词the kinds of food; 为三个what引导的宾语从句,作tell的宾语。
自主翻译:当地人的食物种类至少能让我们知道他们在该地区种植什么作物,过着怎样的生活,喜欢什么和不喜欢什么。
[语境运用] 情境写作
学生阅读的书籍类型至少能让我们知道他们感兴趣的是什么,他们期望成为什么样的人,以及他们认为生活中什么是重要的。
At a minimum,the types of books students read tell us what they are interested in,what they expect to become,and what they believe is important in life.
语法微专题3　
过去完成时与
过去完成时的被动语态
语法原句再现
When my family and I had just arrived in China,we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.
Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese,we had no idea how to order,so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
Prior to coming to China,my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America,with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.
A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend,and finally,we found it.
通过观察可知,上述句子中用了过去完成时或过去完成时的被动语态。
语法知识点拨
一、过去完成时
1.过去完成时的含义。
过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或结果,用来指在另一个过去动作之前就已经完成了的事件。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”,侧重事情的结果。基本结构为“had+动词过去分词”。
(1)肯定句的结构为“主语+had+动词过去分词+其他.”。
He had already been to New York earlier in the week.
本周早些时候他去过纽约。
(2)否定句的结构为“主语+had+not+动词过去分词+其他.”。
At that time we hadn’t met her.
那时我们还没有见到她。
(3)一般疑问句的结构为“Had +主语+动词过去分词+其他 ”。
肯定回答用“Yes,主语+had.”。
否定回答用“No,主语+hadn’t.”。
—Had you visited here before
——你以前参观过这里吗
—Yes,I had./No,I hadn’t.
——是,我去过。/没有,我以前没有去过。
(4)特殊疑问句的结构为“特殊疑问词+had+主语+动词过去分词+其他 ”。
Where had you been before you came here
你来这里之前去了哪里
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
By the time we got a report,the firemen 　　　　　 (put) out the fire already.
The interviewer was interested in the grades I 　　　　　　　　 (get) in the exams.
had put
had got
2.过去完成时的用法。
(1)表示过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。常和by、before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句连用。
By nine o’clock last night,we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship.
到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到宇宙飞船发来的200张图片。
(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for、since构成的时间状语连用。
He told us that he had done the scientific research for five years.
他告诉我们他做科学研究已经五年了。
(3)用think、want、hope、mean、plan、intend等动词的过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。
I had never thought that you were content to help me.
我从未想过你愿意帮我。
We had hoped to be able to come and see you.
我们本来希望能来看看你。
(4)过去完成时常常用在told、said、knew、heard、thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
He said that he had known her well.
他说他对她很熟悉。
(5)在状语从句中,在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,动作发生在前,动词用过去完成时;动作发生在后,动词用一般过去时。状语从句常由when、before、after引导。
When I woke up,it had already stopped raining.
我醒来时,雨已停了。
温馨提示
在before、after引导的时间状语从句中,由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主句、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主句、从句多用一般过去时。
After he arrived in England,he worked hard to improve his English.
到达英国之后,他努力提高他的英语水平。
3.过去完成时的常用固定句型。
(1)在“主语+had hardly/scarcely/no sooner+动词过去分词+when/than从句(从句用一般过去时)”中,当hardly、scarcely、no sooner等表示否定意义的词位于句首时,主句要用倒装结构。
I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.
=No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.
我刚到家就下雨了。
(2)It was+一段时间+since从句(从句用过去完成时)。
It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.
我离开北京至少有三个月了。
(3)It was the first/second/...time+(that)从句(从句用过去完成时)。
It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.
那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
(4)主句(过去完成时)+by the time...(一般过去时)。
We had got everything ready by the time they arrived.
在他们到达之前,我们已经做好一切准备了。
(5)主句(过去完成时)+by the end of...(表示过去的时间)。
By the end of last term,we had learnt English at least for four years.
到上个学期末,我们至少已学习了四年英语。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
I 　　　　 　 (mean) to take a good holiday this year,but I was not able to leave.
Tom 　　　　　　　　 (finish) writing his novel by the end of last year.
He said he 　　　　　　　　 (work) in that factory since 2009.
had meant
had finished
had worked
二、过去完成时的被动语态
1.概念。
过去完成时的被动语态表示动作在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成,且主语与谓语动词之间是被动关系。
2.构成。
(1)肯定结构:主语+had been done
(2)否定结构:主语+had not been done
3.过去完成时的被动语态的用法。
(1)表示过去某一时间或事件以前已经完成的被动的动作,常与by、before等引导的时间状语连用。
By the time he got to the school,the first lesson had been finished.
当他到达学校时,第一节课已经结束。
The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came.
在老师来之前,教室还没有被打扫干净。
(2)在told、said、knew、heard、thought等动词之后的宾语从句中,若表示过去某一被动动作时,用过去完成时。
The company said the production costs had been reduced.
该公司说,生产成本已经降低。
The media reported that more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.
媒体报道,地震中有1 000多人丧生。
(3)根据语境可以判断出动作先后的被动语态,用过去完成时。
He did what he had been told to.
他按吩咐做了。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
All the film tickets 　　　　　　　　 (sell) out when I got to the cinema.
Yesterday we expressed our congratulations to Tom,who
(elect) chairman of our Students’ Union.
had been sold
had been elected
真题体验
1.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)I 　　 　　(plan)to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference.Due to a big storm,my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half.
【解析】 考查动词的时态。根据后一句的时态并结合句意可知,此处应用过去完成时,表示“本打算”。故填had planned。
had planned
2.(2023·全国乙卷)She lived with a family she 　　 　　(never meet) and everything was new to her.
【解析】 考查动词的时态。由“everything was new to her”可推知,她和素未谋面的一家人住在一起。该动作发生在lived之前,为过去的过去。故填had never met。
had never met
3.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)When I finally finished it,the thought of winning
　　 　　(give) way to the enjoyment of writing.
【解析】 考查动词的时态。主句的动作发生在时间状语从句的谓语动作之前,为过去的过去,应用过去完成时态。故填had given。
had given
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.When I got to the party,I realised I 　　　　　　　　　(leave) the gift in my office.
2.By 9 o’clock last night,she 　　　　　　　　(finish) reading the book.
3.It was the second time that we　　　　　　　(see) her.
had left
had finished
had seen
4.Several months later,most of the buildings which
(damage) in the earthquake were repaired.
5.Hardly had I　　　　(come) out of the railway station when my parents
　　　　(run) to me and 　　　　(help) me carry my luggage.
had been damaged
come
ran
helped
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.飞机上坐在我旁边的人很紧张,因为他以前从没乘过飞机。
The person sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous,because
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
2.他本希望赶上6点半的公共汽车,但发现它已经走了。
He 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the 6:30 bus,but found it gone.
he had never been on a plane before
had hoped to catch
3.那是我第一次在台上演讲。
That was the first time that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
4.一听到我被允许参加这次活动的消息,我就马上告诉了母亲。
Upon hearing the news that I 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　,I informed my mum of it at once.
I had given a speech on stage
had been allowed to take part in the activity
Ⅲ.语篇填空
Our school was built at the beginning of the 20th century.Before I studied there,it 1.　　　　 (be) famous throughout the country.By 1978,
the school’s use 2.　　　　　　　　 (change) several times.By the end of last century,our school 3.　　　　　 　 (become) a provincial model high school.When I graduated,our school 4.　　　　 　 (win) many honours both at home and abroad.Before last year’s anniversary of the foundation of our school,all the school buildings 5.　　　　 　　　　 (rebuild) and it is now larger and more beautiful than before.
had been
had changed
had become
had won
had been rebuiltUNIT 3　课时作业(四)
单元知识综合练
(分值:49.5分)　　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　
Ⅰ.写出下列句中黑体词的含义(共7题;每题1分,共7分)
1.She loves to explore different cuisines from around the world.　　　　　　　
2.Would you be kind enough to tell me the recipe for success 　　　　　　　
3.Although he had worked hard,he just made modest progress.　　　　　　　
4.The company’s success has been branded in my mind.　　　　　　　
5.Moreover,hard work is often an essential ingredient of luck.　　　　　　　
6.The passion for knowledge consumed him,filling his mind with endless curiosity and a thirst for learning.　　　　　　　
7.Xiao Ming’s approach to solving math problems is very elegant.　　　　　　　
【答案】 1.烹饪风格　2.秘诀　3.些许的　4.铭刻 5.因素　6.使强烈地感到　7.简洁的
Ⅱ.七选五 (共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
French Customs Around Eating Meals
France is celebrated globally for its cooking contributions.French food customs are a delightful blend of tradition,etiquette(礼仪),and a genuine passion for quality and pleasure.1.　　
·Eating among family and friends
Mealtime in France is a special time for family and friends to gather,chat,and enjoy the art of good food.2.　　　 Instead,they are enjoyed as a chance to connect,catch up,and share in the common delight of cooking exploration.
·Taking time to enjoy meals
3.　　　 Dining is seen as a joyous celebration of life’s flavours.In France,it’s common to see lunch breaks extend over an hour,with everyone taking the time to enjoy their meals.This unhurried approach to eating encourages mindful consumption,improved digestion,and a greater appreciation for the food.
·The etiquette of dining
It is a blend of manners,customs,and a bit of common sense.4.　　　 Cutlery(餐具) is typically placed directly on the tablecloth.Leaving food on your plate might be seen as wasteful while finishing everything might imply you’re still hungry.Remember,the pace is slow and steady!
·5.　　
French meals are as much about conversation as they are about food.The conversation is just as important as the food itself.French people like to share stories and opinions while eating.Topics flow freely around the table,from politics to personal stories.There might even be a good debate at table!
A.The art of conversation at table.
B.The food-centred conversation.
C.Let’s start a journey to explore them together.
D.In French tradition,meals are never a rushed affair.
E.Whether it’s a simple weekday meal or a grand Sunday lunch,these moments are rarely rushed.
F.It starts with a simple “bon appétit” to wish everyone a good meal.
G.Since French cuisine is renowned for its unique flavours and deep culture.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了法国的饮食习俗。
1.【答案】 C
【解析】 由空前的内容可知,本段主要讲法国的饮食习惯是传统、礼仪和对质量和乐趣的真正热情的完美融合。C项承上启下符合语境,其中的them代指上文的French food customs。故选C。
2.【答案】 E
【解析】 由空前的一句可知,这里主要讲法国的用餐时间是一个重要的时刻,E项承上启下,同样强调用餐时间的重要,符合语境。故选E。
3.【答案】 D
【解析】 空后的内容提到,用餐被视为对生活风味的欢乐庆祝。在法国,午餐时间超过一个小时是很常见的,每个人都会花时间享受他们的用餐。这种从容不迫的饮食方式鼓励有意识的消费,改善消化,并对食物有更大的欣赏。由此可知,法国的用餐时间比较长,人们把这当成一个享受的时间。D项“在法国传统中,吃饭从来不是一件匆忙的事情”符合语境,对下文有概括作用,其中的“never a rushed affair”与下文的“taking the time to enjoy their meals”和“unhurried”对应。故选D。
4.【答案】 F
【解析】 由空前空后的内容可知,本段主要讲餐桌上的礼仪、风俗和常识,F项符合语境,与上文的“manners,customs,and a bit of common sense”对应,也与下文的具体礼仪和常识事项并列。故选F。
5.【答案】 A
【解析】 下文提到,法餐不仅与食物有关,也与谈话有关。谈话和食物本身一样重要。法国人喜欢边吃边分享故事和观点。从政治到个人故事,话题在桌子上自由流动,甚至可能在餐桌上进行一场精彩的辩论!由此可知,本段主要讲法国餐桌上的谈话内容。A项符合语境,其中的conversation与下文对应。故选A。
Ⅲ.完形填空 (共15题;每题1分,共15分)
“We are not chefs.We are just grandmothers sharing our cultures,” Maral Tseylikman said as she sat in the dining room at Enoteca Maria,where she has worked for seven years.
The New York restaurant has a unique 　1　: No one cooks a meal 　2　 than a grandmother.The restaurant is home to a group of grandmothers,who cook the meals they’ve been providing for their families for 　3　.
It has become the first restaurant that 　4　 real grandmothers from all over the world as chefs to cook the dishes that represent the culture of the country where they were born and 　5　.
In its beginnings,the Italian restaurant brought together several grandmothers from different regions of Italy,but over time,it 　6　 bringing together grandmothers from all over the world.Thanks to the 　7　 diversity,it has a wide variety of foods that include pasta,pizza,
meat,spices,and vegetables from different countries such as Italy,Azerbaijan,and Sri Lanka.
Granny Diana said she wanted to 　8　 diners to her Palestinian culture,which is not well represented in the New York area.
The restaurant’s owner,Joe Scaravella,started the project 　9　 his own grandmother,who has passed away.“These women are empty 　10　 whose husbands have passed away and whose children have moved out,” Scaravella said.“So they are really looking for an outlet,and they have it here.And if they’re not bugging me,they’re hugging their customers.” Grandmas there,all 　11　 referred to as “nonnas” (grandmothers in Italian),enjoy serving their happy regulars,saying friends and happiness 　12　 with the job and that they aren’t just cooking for themselves and their families,but also for the customers who come in the 　13　.
With all the love these ladies are 　14　 at the restaurant,they say that they have,in fact,　15　 their knowledge and love of cooking not only with their families but also with the customers from all over the country.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了纽约一家餐厅雇用世界各地的祖母作为厨师,分享她们的文化和家庭食谱。
(　　)1.[A]imagination [B]concept
[C]tradition [D]appearance
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据后文的“No one cooks a meal 　2　 than a grandmother.”可知,这家餐厅的理念是没有人能比祖母做饭更好吃,因此这里表示餐厅有一个独特的理念(concept)。故选B。
(　　)2.[A]easier [B]better
[C]wider [D]harder
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据后文的“than a grandmother”可知,这里是将其他人做的饭与祖母做的饭进行比较,表示祖母做饭做得更好(better)。故选B。
(　　)3.[A]celebrations [B]generations
[C]benefits [D]memories
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据后文的“real grandmothers from all over the world...were born and 　5　”可知,祖母们来自世界各地,她们做的饭代表着她们出生和成长的地方的文化,这里指祖母们传承了几代人(generations)的菜肴,强调的是时间上的延续性。故选B。
(　　)4.[A]operates [B]expects
[C]hires [D]dismisses
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据后文的“real grandmothers from all over the world as chefs”可知,这里表示餐厅雇用(hires)真的祖母们作为厨师。故选C。
(　　)5.[A]educated [B]assisted
[C]raised [D]promoted
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据前文可知,祖母们做的饭代表着她们出生和被抚养(raised)长大的地方的文化。故选C。
(　　)6.[A]ended up [B]put off
[C]consisted of [D]burst out
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据前文的“In its beginnings,the Italian...over time”和后文的“bringing together grandmothers from all over the world”可知,此处指餐厅一开始邀请了来自意大利不同地区的几位祖母,但随着时间的推移,它最终(ended up)邀请了来自世界各地的祖母。故选A。
(　　)7.[A]racial [B]cultural
[C]political [D]social
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据后文的“it has a wide variety of foods...Sri Lanka”可知,餐厅有各种各样的食物,这里表示多亏了这些文化的(cultural)多样性。故选B。
(　　)8.[A]limit [B]reduce
[C]admit [D]expose
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据后文的“diners to her Palestinian culture,which is not well represented in the New York area”可知,巴勒斯坦文化在纽约地区没有很好得体现,这里表示Diana奶奶想让食客们接触(expose)巴勒斯坦文化。故选D。
(　　)9.[A]in honour of [B]in defensive
[C]in need of [D]in favour of
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据后文的“his own grandmother,who has passed away”可知,这里表示Joe Scaravella是为了纪念(in honour of)他已故的祖母而开始这个项目的。故选A。
(　　)10.[A]roomers [B]nesters
[C]wanderers [D]shelters
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据后文的“whose husbands have passed away and whose children have moved out”可知,她们的丈夫去世了,孩子也搬出去了。所以这里表示这些女人是空巢者(nesters)。故选B。
(　　)11.[A]originally [B]secretly
[C]desperately [D]lovingly
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据后文的“referred to as ‘nonnas’ (grandmothers in Italian)”可知,祖母们被亲切地(lovingly)称为“nonnas”。故选D。
(　　)12.[A]come [B]fade
[C]sink [D]land
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据前文的“saying friends and happiness”和后文的“with the job and that...customers who come in the 　13　”可知,这里表示朋友和快乐是随着工作而来(come)的。故选A。
(　　)13.[A]kitchen [B]chimney
[C]bakery [D]door
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据前文的“but also for the customers who come in the”可知,祖母们不仅仅只为她们自己和她们的家人做饭,也为进门(door)的顾客做饭。故选D。
(　　)14.[A]pursuing [B]receiving
[C]following [D]testing
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据前文的“Grandmas there,all 　11　 referred to as ‘nonnas’ (grandmothers in Italian)”和后文的“at the restaurant,they say that they have”可知,那里的祖母们都被亲切地称为“nonnas”(意大利语中的祖母),说明这些女士们在餐厅里收到(receiving)了来自大家的喜爱。故选B。
(　　)15.[A]given away [B]passed on
[C]shown off [D]handed in
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据后文的“their knowledge and...all over the country”可知,这里表示祖母们不仅把自己的烹饪知识和爱传递(passed on)给了家人,也传递给了顾客。故选B。
Ⅳ.应用文写作 (15分)
假设你是李华,你的外国笔友Tom想改变不良的饮食习惯,写电子邮件向你咨询关于健康饮食的问题。请你用英语给他回一封电子邮件,介绍一下你的饮食习惯。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
[写作指导]
　　One possible version:
Dear Tom,
Knowing that you want to change your bad eating habits,I’m writing to tell you my tricks of a healthy diet.
As for me,my health consists in a balanced diet.Firstly,I rarely consume desserts and junk food.Furthermore,my diet consists of an appropriate amount of fresh fruit and vegetables.A modest number of dairy products also contribute to my health.Most fundamentally,I do have consistent eating habits,regardless of holidays or weekends.
As far as I’m concerned,it is only by having a balanced diet that you can live a healthy life.I hope my advice will be useful to you.
Yours,
Li Hua(共38张PPT)
UNIT 3　课时作业(四)
(分值:49.5分)
单元知识综合练
Ⅰ.写出下列句中黑体词的含义(共7题;每题1分,共7分)
1.She loves to explore different cuisines from around the world.　　　　　
2.Would you be kind enough to tell me the recipe for success 　　　　　
3.Although he had worked hard,he just made modest progress.　　　　　
4.The company’s success has been branded in my mind.　　　　　　　
烹饪风格
秘诀
些许的
铭刻
5.Moreover,hard work is often an essential ingredient of luck.　　　　　
6.The passion for knowledge consumed him,filling his mind with endless curiosity and a thirst for learning.　　　　　　　
7.Xiao Ming’s approach to solving math problems is very elegant.　　　　
因素
使强烈地感到
简洁的
Ⅱ.七选五 (共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
French Customs Around Eating Meals
France is celebrated globally for its cooking contributions.French food customs are a delightful blend of tradition,etiquette(礼仪),and a genuine passion for quality and pleasure.1.　　
C
·Eating among family and friends
Mealtime in France is a special time for family and friends to gather,
chat,and enjoy the art of good food.2.　　　 Instead,they are enjoyed as a chance to connect,catch up,and share in the common delight of cooking exploration.
E
·Taking time to enjoy meals
3.　　　 Dining is seen as a joyous celebration of life’s flavours.In France,it’s common to see lunch breaks extend over an hour,with everyone taking the time to enjoy their meals.This unhurried approach to eating encourages mindful consumption,improved digestion,and a greater appreciation for the food.
D
·The etiquette of dining
It is a blend of manners,customs,and a bit of common sense.4.　 Cutlery
(餐具) is typically placed directly on the tablecloth.Leaving food on your plate might be seen as wasteful while finishing everything might imply you’re still hungry.Remember,the pace is slow and steady!
F
·5.　　
French meals are as much about conversation as they are about food.The conversation is just as important as the food itself.French people like to share stories and opinions while eating.Topics flow freely around the table,from politics to personal stories.There might even be a good debate at table!
A
A.The art of conversation at table.
B.The food-centred conversation.
C.Let’s start a journey to explore them together.
D.In French tradition,meals are never a rushed affair.
E.Whether it’s a simple weekday meal or a grand Sunday lunch,these moments are rarely rushed.
F.It starts with a simple “bon appétit” to wish everyone a good meal.
G.Since French cuisine is renowned for its unique flavours and deep culture.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了法国的饮食习俗。
1.【答案】 C
【解析】 由空前的内容可知,本段主要讲法国的饮食习惯是传统、礼仪和对质量和乐趣的真正热情的完美融合。C项承上启下符合语境,其中的them代指上文的French food customs。故选C。
2.【答案】 E
【解析】 由空前的一句可知,这里主要讲法国的用餐时间是一个重要的时刻,E项承上启下,同样强调用餐时间的重要,符合语境。故选E。
3.【答案】 D
【解析】 空后的内容提到,用餐被视为对生活风味的欢乐庆祝。在法国,午餐时间超过一个小时是很常见的,每个人都会花时间享受他们的用餐。这种从容不迫的饮食方式鼓励有意识的消费,改善消化,并对食物有更大的欣赏。由此可知,法国的用餐时间比较长,人们把这当成一个享受的时间。D项“在法国传统中,吃饭从来不是一件匆忙的事情”符合语境,对下文有概括作用,其中的“never a rushed affair”与下文的“taking the time to enjoy their meals”和“unhurried”对应。故选D。
4.【答案】 F
【解析】 由空前空后的内容可知,本段主要讲餐桌上的礼仪、风俗和常识,
F项符合语境,与上文的“manners,customs,and a bit of common sense”对应,也与下文的具体礼仪和常识事项并列。故选F。
5.【答案】 A
【解析】 下文提到,法餐不仅与食物有关,也与谈话有关。谈话和食物本身一样重要。法国人喜欢边吃边分享故事和观点。从政治到个人故事,话题在桌子上自由流动,甚至可能在餐桌上进行一场精彩的辩论!由此可知,本段主要讲法国餐桌上的谈话内容。A项符合语境,其中的conversation与下文对应。故选A。
Ⅲ.完形填空 (共15题;每题1分,共15分)
“We are not chefs.We are just grandmothers sharing our cultures,” Maral Tseylikman said as she sat in the dining room at Enoteca Maria,where she has worked for seven years.
The New York restaurant has a unique 　1　: No one cooks a meal
　2　 than a grandmother.The restaurant is home to a group of grandmothers,who cook the meals they’ve been providing for their families for 　3　.
It has become the first restaurant that 　4　 real grandmothers from all over the world as chefs to cook the dishes that represent the culture of the country where they were born and 　5　.
In its beginnings,the Italian restaurant brought together several grandmothers from different regions of Italy,but over time,it 　6　 bringing together grandmothers from all over the world.Thanks to the　7　 diversity,
it has a wide variety of foods that include pasta,pizza,meat,spices,and vegetables from different countries such as Italy,Azerbaijan,and Sri Lanka.
Granny Diana said she wanted to 　8　 diners to her Palestinian culture,which is not well represented in the New York area.
The restaurant’s owner,Joe Scaravella,started the project 　9　 his own grandmother,who has passed away.“These women are empty 　10　 whose husbands have passed away and whose children have moved out,” Scaravella said.“So they are really looking for an outlet,and they have it here.And if they’re not bugging me,they’re hugging their customers.” Grandmas there,all
　11　 referred to as “nonnas” (grandmothers in Italian),enjoy serving their happy regulars,saying friends and happiness 　12　 with the job and that they aren’t just cooking for themselves and their families,but also for the customers who come in the 　13　.
With all the love these ladies are 　14　 at the restaurant,they say that they have,in fact,　15　 their knowledge and love of cooking not only with their families but also with the customers from all over the country.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了纽约一家餐厅雇用世界各地的祖母作为厨师,分享她们的文化和家庭食谱。
(　　)1.
B
【解析】 根据后文的“No one cooks a meal 　2　 than a grandmother.”可知,这家餐厅的理念是没有人能比祖母做饭更好吃,因此这里表示餐厅有一个独特的理念(concept)。故选B。
[A]imagination [B]concept
[C]tradition [D]appearance
(　　)2.
B
【解析】 根据后文的“than a grandmother”可知,这里是将其他人做的饭与祖母做的饭进行比较,表示祖母做饭做得更好(better)。故选B。
[A]easier
[B]better
[C]wider
[D]harder
(　　)3.
B
【解析】 根据后文的“real grandmothers from all over the world...were born and 　5　”可知,祖母们来自世界各地,她们做的饭代表着她们出生和成长的地方的文化,这里指祖母们传承了几代人(generations)的菜肴,强调的是时间上的延续性。故选B。
[A]celebrations [B]generations
[C]benefits [D]memories
(　　)4.
C
【解析】 根据后文的“real grandmothers from all over the world as chefs”可知,这里表示餐厅雇用(hires)真的祖母们作为厨师。故选C。
[A]operates
[B]expects
[C]hires
[D]dismisses
(　　)5.
C
【解析】 根据前文可知,祖母们做的饭代表着她们出生和被抚养(raised)长大的地方的文化。故选C。
[A]educated [B]assisted
[C]raised
[D]promoted
(　　)6.
A
【解析】 根据前文的“In its beginnings,the Italian...over time”和后文的“bringing together grandmothers from all over the world”可知,此处指餐厅一开始邀请了来自意大利不同地区的几位祖母,但随着时间的推移,它最终(ended up)邀请了来自世界各地的祖母。故选A。
[A]ended up
[B]put off
[C]consisted of
[D]burst out
(　　)7.
B
【解析】 根据后文的“it has a wide variety of foods...Sri Lanka”可知,餐厅有各种各样的食物,这里表示多亏了这些文化的(cultural)多样性。故选B。
[A]racial
[B]cultural
[C]political
[D]social
(　　)8.
D
【解析】 根据后文的“diners to her Palestinian culture,which is not well represented in the New York area”可知,巴勒斯坦文化在纽约地区没有很好得体现,这里表示Diana奶奶想让食客们接触(expose)巴勒斯坦文化。故选D。
[A]limit
[B]reduce
[C]admit
[D]expose
(　　)9.
A
【解析】 根据后文的“his own grandmother,who has passed away”可知,这里表示Joe Scaravella是为了纪念(in honour of)他已故的祖母而开始这个项目的。故选A。
[A]in honour of
[B]in defensive
[C]in need of
[D]in favour of
(　　)10.
B
【解析】 根据后文的“whose husbands have passed away and whose children have moved out”可知,她们的丈夫去世了,孩子也搬出去了。所以这里表示这些女人是空巢者(nesters)。故选B。
[A]roomers
[B]nesters
[C]wanderers
[D]shelters
(　　)11.
D
【解析】 根据后文的“referred to as ‘nonnas’ (grandmothers in Italian)”可知,祖母们被亲切地(lovingly)称为“nonnas”。故选D。
[A]originally [B]secretly
[C]desperately [D]lovingly
(　　)12.
A
【解析】 根据前文的“saying friends and happiness”和后文的“with the job and that...customers who come in the 　13　”可知,这里表示朋友和快乐是随着工作而来(come)的。故选A。
[A]come
[B]fade
[C]sink
[D]land
(　　)13.
D
【解析】 根据前文的“but also for the customers who come in the”可知,祖母们不仅仅只为她们自己和她们的家人做饭,也为进门(door)的顾客做饭。故选D。
[A]kitchen
[B]chimney
[C]bakery
[D]door
(　　)14.
B
【解析】 根据前文的“Grandmas there,all 　11　 referred to as ‘nonnas’ (grandmothers in Italian)”和后文的“at the restaurant,they say that they have”可知,那里的祖母们都被亲切地称为“nonnas”(意大利语中的祖母),说明这些女士们在餐厅里收到(receiving)了来自大家的喜爱。故选B。
[A]pursuing [B]receiving
[C]following
[D]testing
(　　)15.
B
【解析】 根据后文的“their knowledge and...all over the country”可知,这里表示祖母们不仅把自己的烹饪知识和爱传递(passed on)给了家人,也传递给了顾客。故选B。
[A]given away [B]passed on
[C]shown off [D]handed in
Ⅳ.应用文写作 (15分)
假设你是李华,你的外国笔友Tom想改变不良的饮食习惯,写电子邮件向你咨询关于健康饮食的问题。请你用英语给他回一封电子邮件,介绍一下你的饮食习惯。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
[写作指导]
One possible version:
Dear Tom,
Knowing that you want to change your bad eating habits,I’m writing to tell you my tricks of a healthy diet.
As for me,my health consists in a balanced diet.Firstly,I rarely consume desserts and junk food.Furthermore,my diet consists of an appropriate amount of fresh fruit and vegetables.A modest number of dairy products also contribute to my health.Most fundamentally,I do have consistent eating habits,regardless of holidays or weekends.
As far as I’m concerned,it is only by having a balanced diet that you can live a healthy life.I hope my advice will be useful to you.
Yours,
Li Hua

展开更多......

收起↑