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(共49张PPT)
专题二　动词
选单词并用其适当形式填空
suggest　smell　offer　disappear afford　can
1.(2025·江苏连云港中考改编)From April 8, pet owners in China 　can　 bring their cats or dogs on some high-speed trains.
2.The company 　offered　 Jack a good job, but he refused it.
3.We talked about the problem and Tim 　suggested　 doing some research first.
4.The family was poor and couldn’t 　afford　 the boy’s schooling.
5.People are trying to keep our folk arts alive so that they won’t 　disappear　.
6.The dish 　smells　 so delicious.I really want to eat it.
盲填
7.The children dressed up　as　 Mickey Mouse last night.
8.All the students are looking forward 　to　 giving a wonderful performance in the celebration.
9.The teacher takes pride 　in　 the progress her students have made this semester.
10.It’s our tradition to set 　off　 fireworks to welcome the new year.
思维·考点突破
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动词的基本形式
动词是用来描述动作、行为或状态的词, 大多数动词都有五种基本形式:动词原形、一般现在时的第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
动词不同形式的变化规则
动词形式 变化规则 例词
第三
人称
单数
形式 一般情况下在动词后加-s work→works
write→writes
以-s、-x、-sh、-ch等结尾且发音为/s/、/z/、/ /、/t /等和以“辅音+o”结尾的动词, 后加-es guess→guesses
mix→mixes
finish→finishes
catch→catches
go→goes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词, 变y为i, 再加-es study→studies
try→tries
动词形式 变化规则 例词
现在
分词 一般情况下直接加-ing study→studying
work→working
以不发音的e结尾的动词, 先去掉e,再加-ing write→writing
move→moving
以ie结尾的动词, 一般将ie变为y, 再加-ing lie→lying
die→dying
以重读闭音节结尾, 且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词, 双写末尾这个辅音字母, 再加-ing get→getting
begin→beginning
以oe、ee、ye结尾的动词, 直接加-ing see→seeing
eye→eyeing
动词形式 变化规则 例词
过去
式和
过去
分词 一般情况下在动词后加-ed ask→asked
work→worked
以不发音的e结尾的动词, 只加-d love→loved
dance→danced
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词, 把y变为i, 再加-ed try→tried
study→studied
以重读闭音节结尾, 且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词, 双写末尾这个辅音字母, 再加-ed stop→stopped
plan→planned
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.She usually　watches　 (watch) the bus disappear into the distance.
2.Judy suddenly 　realized　 (realize) that all her friends were helping her, and she was moved.
3.Hurry up.The concert has already　begun　 (begin).
4.He 　tried　 (try) his best to solve the difficult math problem but failed.
5.She is 　putting　 (put) the books in order on the shelf.
6.My sister 　took　 (take) a lot of beautiful photos during her trip to the mountains last weekend.
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动词的分类
根据动词的句法功能可以将动词分为实义动词(也称行为动词)、系动词、助动词和情态动词。
1.实义动词:表示主语的动作或状态,具有完整意义,能够独立作谓语的动词。根据其后是否带有宾语,可将实义动词分为及物动词(后带宾语)和不及物动词(后不带宾语, 如需带宾语会借助介词)。及物动词不可单独使用, 而不及物动词则可以单独使用。实义动词常用于以下句型:
类型 句型 例句
及物
动词 主语+谓语+宾语(+状语) He bought a bike(last week). 他(上周)买了一辆自行车。
主语+谓语+双宾语(+状语) He lent me a book (yesterday). 他(昨天)借给了我一本书。
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 We keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我们保持我们的教室干净整洁。
不及物
动词 主语+谓语 The watch stopped. 表停了。
选单词并用其适当形式填空
prefer　remember　sing　raise　achieve
1.(2025·天津中考改编)When David sees these postcards, he will 　remember　 his wonderful travel experiences.
2.Dreams are beautiful.However, to 　achieve　 them, we must work hard.
3.—Do you often watch soap operas on TV
—Sometimes.They are interesting, but I 　prefer　 talk shows.
4.It is said that people are likely to 　raise　 their voice when they are telling a lie.
5.Listen! How sweet the voice is! Who is 　singing　
2.系动词:本身有词义, 一般要与表语一起构成系表结构, 说明主语的性质、状态、身份或特征。
分类 例词 例句
状态类
(be动词) am, is, are, was, were The party is on Friday evening.聚会定于周五晚上举行。
感官类 look, sound, smell, taste, feel The food tastes good. 食物尝起来不错。
变化类 become, get, grow, turn In autumn, leaves turn yellow. 在秋天, 叶子变黄。
持续类 keep, stay, remain Please keep quiet. 请保持安静。
系动词
一感(feel)　二看(look, see)　三变化(become/be, get, turn);
四闻(smell)　五听(sound)　六品尝(taste);
外加两个要保持(keep, stay);
后面常跟形容词。
选单词并用其适当形式填空(每个单词只能用一次)
get　sound　is　feel　keep　taste
6.The new scarf I bought for my mom　feels　 soft.It’s made of silk.
7.The children often 　get　 noisy in the classroom after class.
8.—What do you think of the strawberry,Judy
—It 　tastes　 sweet.I’d like to have one more.
9.I like soft and gentle music.It 　sounds　 nice.
10.I’m very sorry to 　keep　 you waiting.
11.Susan 　is　 a kind girl.She often gives away her pocket money to the poor people.
3.助动词:本身无词义, 不能单独作谓语, 只能与主要动词一起构成谓语, 表示不同的时态和语态,表示句子的否定和疑问。
助动词 功能 例句
be (am,
is, are,
was, were) 后接动词现在分词构成进行时态 I am reading a book. 我正在读书。
后接动词过去分词构成被动语态 Some trees were planted last year. 去年种了很多树。
助动词 功能 例句
do/does/
did 构成疑问句或否定句 Do you like running 你喜欢跑步吗
代替前面出现的动词以免重复 Tony can speak Chinese as well as Daming does. 托尼的汉语说得和大明一样好。
用于动词前加强语气 I do hope you can work hard. 我真的希望你能好好学习。
构成否定祈使句 Don’t take photos. 不要拍照。
助动词 功能 例句
has/
have/
had 后接实义动词的过去分词构成完成时态 I have finished my homework for two hours. 我已经做完作业两个小时了。
shall/
should 后接动词原形构成将来时 Shall we go
shopping tomorrow 我们明天去购物好吗
will/
would I will go to Beijing tomorrow. 明天我将去北京。
盲填
12.There 　is　 a lot to see and do in the fun park.
13.It 　is　 known to all that our growth can’t go without our parents’ love and care.
14.So far, almost all the students in my class 　have　 watched the movie Dead To Rights.
15.If it rains very heavily tomorrow, we 　will　have to cancel our plan and stay at home.
16.Don’t talk so loudly in the hallway! The students 　are　 having a test.
4.情态动词:本身有一定的词义, 但不表示动作或状态, 和实义动词原形连用构成谓语, 没有人称和数的变化。
(1)常见情态动词的用法
情态动词 用法 例句
can/
could 表示能力, 意为“能, 会”, could是can的过去式 She can read books in English. 她会读英文书。
表请求、许可(相当于may), 意为“可以”, could仅表示语气比can委婉 Can you go there with me 你可以跟我一起去那儿吗
Could you give me a hand 你可以帮助我吗
表示怀疑、猜测(主要用于否定句和疑问句), could仅表示可能性比can小 How can she fail the exam 她怎么会没通过考试
情态动词 用法 例句
may/
might 表示请求、许可(相当于can), 意为“可以”, might仅表示语气比may委婉 You may sit here if you want. 如果你想, 你可以坐在这儿。
Might I ask you a question 我可以问你一个问题吗
表示可能性较小的猜测(常用于肯定句), 意为“可能, 也许”, might仅表示可能性比may小 Your brother may be waiting for you now. 你哥哥可能现在正在等你。
You might hurt her feelings by saying that. 你那样说可能会伤害她的感情。
用于祈使句, 表示祝福和愿望 May you success!愿你成功!
情态动词 用法 例句
must 表示义务或主观看法, 意为“必须,应当” We must do something to protect it. 我们必须做些事情来保护它。
表示非常有把握的肯定推测, 意为“一定, 肯定” You must be very tired after working.
你工作后一定很累。
have
to 意为“不得不, 必须”, 强调因客观原因而不得不做某事 I have to look after my sister when my parents are out. 当我父母出去时, 我不得不照顾我的妹妹。
mustn’t 意为“禁止,不准” You mustn’t smoke in the library. 你不准在图书馆抽烟。
should 意为“应该”, 表示责任、义务、劝告或建议 You should be in the classroom when the class begins. 上课时,你应该在教室里。
情态动词 用法 例句
shall 表示请求或征求对方意见, 多用于第一、三人称 Shall we go out for a walk 我们要不要出去走走
表示许诺、警告、命令等, 多用于第二人称 You shall follow the school rules when you are in school. 当你在学校里时,你应该遵守学校规则。
will 表示客气的请求或提议, 常用于第二人称的疑问句中 Will you hand me the dictionary 你能把字典借给我吗
用于将来时态, 表示“将, 会, 要” What time will she arrive 她什么时候会到
情态动词 用法 例句
had
better 表示建议, 意为“最好” We’d better stay at home because it is raining heavily outside. 我们最好待在家里, 因为外面正在下大雨。
need 意为“需要”,主要用于否定句和疑问句 Need I go now 我现在需要走了吗
(2)情态动词表推测的用法
情态动词 用法 例句
must 非常有把握的肯定推测, 意为“一定, 肯定”(100%可能性) You must be thirsty after a long walk. 走了这么久, 你一定渴了。
can 表推测, 用于否定句和疑问句中 That man can’t be Tom. He is in the library. 那个人不可能是汤姆。他在图书馆。
could 比can的可能性要弱 Don’t worry. They could have just forgotten to call. 别担心。他们可能只是忘记打电话了。
情态动词 用法 例句
may 表示把握不大的肯定推测, 意为“可能, 也许”, 可能性比could小 They may come to
the party tomorrow.
他们明天也许会来参加派对。
might 可能性稍低于may Tomorrow he might come to visit you. I’m not sure. 明天他可能来拜访你。我不确定。
从方框中选出适当的情态动词填空
may　must　needn’t should　could　can’t
17.(2025·四川成都中考改编)—I’ve heard Lucy will join the art club.
—It 　can’t　 be true.She’s already in the basketball club.We can only choose one.
18.(2025·甘肃白银中考改编)　Could　 you turn down the TV, please I’m trying to work.
19.—Do I have to clean the living room this evening, Mom
—If you are too tired, you 　may　 do it tomorrow.
20.—Could I use your camera, Mom
—Sure.But you 　must　 be careful with it.
21.Teenagers 　should　 be allowed to make their own decisions.
22.—Must I return the book today
—No, you 　needn’t　.You can do it tomorrow.
may　must　needn’t should　could　can’t
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动词短语
1.同一动词型
短语 示例
come短语 come on 碰上;快点儿　come out 出现;出版　come over顺便来访　come along 出现;进展　come up with 提出,想出　come back回来　come up出现　come down流传下来　come in进来　come across 偶然遇见(发现) come true (希望、梦想等)实现
cut短语 cut down削减;砍倒　cut up切碎　cut in插嘴　cut into把某物切成(几块)　cut out删去;停止　cut off切断;停止
短语 示例
keep短语 keep on继续下去　keep out阻止;留在外面　keep away (使)不靠近　keep in控制感情;(罚学生)放学后留校　keep off使不接近　keep up with跟上　keep in touch with和……保持联系
look 短语 look at看　look after 照顾;照料　look into 调查;观察　look out当心;留神　look up 查阅;查找　look for寻找　look around 环顾　look over把……看一遍　look through 浏览　look back回顾　look up to尊敬;钦佩　look forward to 盼望　look out for 留心守候　look like 看起来像
短语 示例
put短语 put up举起;搭建;张贴　 put down写下;放下　
put back把……放回原处 put into流入;驶入　
put away放好　put on穿上;上演;增加　put out熄灭
put off推迟　put through接通(电话)
turn短语 turn over翻身;(使)翻转　turn out结果证明是　
turn on打开(电灯等) turn off关上(电灯等)　
turn away把……拒之门外　turn up开大;调高
turn down调低,关小;拒绝　turn in上交　turn to求助于　
turn around (使)转身
短语 示例
get短语 get up起床　get on上车(船、飞机等) get off下车(船、飞机等)　get down饭后离开餐桌　get into进入;陷入　get to到达　
get back回来
go短语 go on继续　go away走开;离开;消失 go ahead前进　
go along 向前行进　go by (时间)流逝　go over复习;仔细检查　go off爆炸;(警报等)响起　go down下去　go up上升;增长　
go out出去　go through通过　go back返回
give短语 give up放弃　give in屈服;让步　give away捐赠;泄露　
give out散发;分发　give over将……交出　give back归还;恢复
短语 示例
take短语 take up占用;开始从事　take down录下;记下　take away带走;拿走　take off起飞;脱掉　take over接收;接管　take in吸收;陪同　take out拿出;除去;扣除　take care of照顾　take place 举行;发生　take pride in以……为傲　take part in参加　take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像　take the place of 代替
2.同一介词/副词型
短语 示例
for短语 ask for请求　care for关心;关怀　leave for动身去　
pay for为……付钱 prepare for为……做准备　search for搜寻;寻找　send for派人去请　stand for代表;象征　wait for等待　
thanks for因……而感谢
up短语 add up加起来;合计　bring up提出;养育,培养　cheer up使振奋　clean up清理;打扫　call up打电话　dress up穿上盛装;装扮　
eat up吃光　end up结束　fix up修理;修补　grow up成长;长大　hurry up赶快　set up建立;设立　stay up熬夜
短语 示例
out短语 blow out吹灭　break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生;爆发　
bring out使显现;使变得明显　carry out执行;贯彻
find out查明;发现
down短语 break down停止运转;出故障　calm down平静下来　
die down变弱;枝叶枯萎　fall down漂流而下　
knock down拆除;撞倒;击倒　lie down躺下　pull down拆掉;推翻　sit down坐下　shut down关闭;停下　write down写下;记下
away短语 blow away驱散　get away离开;逃脱
pass away去世　run away逃跑　throw away扔掉
短语 示例
about短语 argue about争论　bring about带来;造成　care about关心;在意　hear about听说　hang about闲荡　talk about谈论　
think about考虑　worry about担心
at短语 aim at瞄准;旨在　laugh at嘲笑　knock at敲　point at 指向　smile at冲……微笑　shout at对……大喊　
throw...at把……对准……
off短语 drop off掉下;下降　fall off减少;跌落　pay off偿清(欠款等)　send off发送;邮寄　set off动身;起程　shut off关闭;停止运转
短语 示例
on短语 agree on就……达成共识　depend on依靠;依赖　feed on以……为食　focus on集中于　hold on别挂电话;坚持　pass on传递　put on穿上;上演;增加　try on试穿　work on从事于;继续工作
with短语 agree with同意　begin with以……开始
compare with与……相比　connect with与……相连　
catch up with追上;赶上　deal with解决;处理　go with与……协调　part with向……告别　stay in touch with与……保持联系　share with与……分享　talk with和……交谈
in短语 break in非法强行闯入;插话　bring in引入　check in报到;登记　fill in填写　hand in上交
选短语并用其适当形式填空
listen to　put up　get on well with　work out
calm down　take off　look up　depend on
1.(2024·河南中考改编)After that, whenever he felt worried about something, he would 　listen to　 white noise with his headphones.
2.(2023·河南中考改编)He lowered his head and thought to himself.Suddenly he 　looked up　 and saw a lady looking at him.
3.Whether or not we can have a great success 　depends on　 our learning habits.
listen to　put up　get on well with　work out
calm down　take off　look up　depend on
4.(2025·江苏扬州中考改编)Stress comes and goes.Sometimes you just need to 　calm down　.
5.(2025·四川达州中考改编)I think we could 　put up　 a sign to tell people about our book sales.
6.(2025·福建中考改编)—How did you 　work out　 the difficult math problem
—With my teacher’s help.
7.(2025·黑龙江中考改编)Welcome to our flight.The plane will 　take off　 in ten minutes.Please fasten(系紧) your seat belts.
8.We are supposed to　get on well with　 our friends in our daily life.
诊断·语法过关
一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空/盲填
1.Jack finally 　fell　 (fall) asleep when the wind was dying down at midnight.
2.Dreams are powerful and they can drive you to work harder and 　become　 (become) better than before.
3.When he heard the good news, he couldn’t help 　jumping　 (jump).
4.Students should be 　encouraged　 (encourage) to form good working habits through labour education.
5.With a broad knowledge of Chinese and history, he always 　manages　 (manage) to express his opinions using ancient Chinese sayings.
6.He 　sat　 (sit) down and began to read a newspaper.
7.(2025·安徽中考改编)Paper-cutting is not easy to learn.It 　requires　 (require)much practice, patience and imagination.
8.I asked my father to pick me 　up　 at the school gate at 6:30 so that we could visit Grandma together.
9.—Jack is telling everyone he has bought a new car.
—Pay no attention to him.He is just showing 　off　.
10.(2025·天津中考改编)The Whites like taking exercise, so they go 　for　 a walk every morning.
二、完形填空(动词专项练)
(2025·湖南中考改编) My name is Jeff.I like 　1.C　 foreign languages. When I retired(退休) in 2018, I could　2.A　 three foreign languages.At that time, my biggest wish was to learn a new one.
Later, I　3.D　 a program about Chinese culture on TV.I was so interested in it that I 　4.D　 the decision to learn Chinese.I found a cultural center in the north of London by chance.It 　5.B　 Chinese language courses that fit my needs.In March 2019, I began to learn.To attend the classes, I left my home at 5 a.m.every Saturday and 　6.C　 3 hours to the cultural center. But this didn’t stop me.After class, I 　7.A　 a lot.Through learning, I 　8.B　 a love for Chinese poems and joined in activities like Chinese poetry readings.I increasingly dreamed of 　9.B　 China.
My Chinese teacher Mr.Liu always 　10.D　“It’s better to travel ten thousand miles than to read ten thousand books”.He suggested that I should 　11.C　a study tour in China.So in August 2024, I visited Xi’an with my classmates of the cultural center.During the trip, as the student best at Chinese among us, I tried to act as an interpreter(口译员).I helped my classmates in many ways like 　12.C　 the way and shopping in Chinese.This experience 　13.A　 me to study further.
The British often say “Learning is a lifelong pursuit(追求)”, which means “It is never too late to learn”.I will 　14.A　 learning Chinese, hoping to be a lifelong learner.I believe that learning Chinese will 　15.D　 even more possibilities to my life.
1.A.knowing B.writing
C.Learning D.understanding
2.A.speak B.talk
C.say D.tell
3.A.listened B.met
C.looked D.watched
4.A.took B.did
C.got D.made
5.A.got B.offered
C.gave D.supplied
6.A.walk B.ride
C.drove D.run
7.A.practiced B.trained
C.exercised D.drilled
8.A.grew B.developed
C.built D.took
9.A.travelling B.visiting
C.passing D.interviewing
10.A.read B.spoke
C.talked D.mentioned
11.A.hand in B.drop in
C.take part in D.take pride in
12.A.finding B.suggesting
C.asking D.losing
13.A.encouraged B.forced
C.wished D.allowed
14.A.keep on B.depend on
C.live on D.put on
15.A.carry B.take
C.fetch D.bring(共26张PPT)
专题十五　主谓一致
用括号内所给单词或短语的适当形式填空
1.(2025·黑龙江中考改编)There 　is　 (be) no yogurt and no tomatoes on the shopping list.We need to add them to the salad.
2.Not only the teacher but also all the students 　are　 (be) looking forward to the school trip.
3.What 　seems　 (seem) easy to some people appears difficult to others.
4.All that glitters 　isn’t　 (not be) gold; sometimes what looks valuable 　is　 (be) actually worthless.
5.One of the things that 　make　 (make) this city famous is its beautiful parks.
6.The number of people who speak English as a second language 　is　 (be) increasing rapidly.
7.Ten kilometers 　is　 (be) a long distance to walk.
8.Mr.Grey, along with his neighbors, 　is　 (be) planning to hold a party to celebrate the festival.
9.Having good manners 　is　 (be) necessary when you visit a foreign country.
10.Things have changed.Nearly two thirds of the land 　is　 (be) covered by forests now.
思维·考点突破
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语法一致原则
主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致, 主谓一致包括语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近原则和就远原则。
语法一致原则即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致。
主语 谓语 例句
不可数名词、单数可数名词或代词 单数 He goes to the library every week. 他每周都去图书馆。
either,neither,each,every或no+名词单数 Neither of the books is good. 这两本书都不好。
some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词 Someone is knocking at the door. 有人在敲门。
主语 谓语 例句
动词不定式、动名词(短语)或从句 单数 Listening to English songs is good for English learning. 听英文歌曲对学习英语有好处。
What he said is not true. 他说的不是真的。
one of+名词复数 One of the books is boring. 这些书里有一本很无聊。
the number of+名词复数 The number of the students in our class is 50.
我们班学生的数量是50。
主语 谓语 例句
由and或both and连接的并列主语 复数 Mary and her best friend are talking about school.
玛丽和她的好朋友在谈论学校。
复数名词、人称代词复数及第二人称代词you The children were in the classroom two hours ago. 孩子们两小时前在教室里。
shoes,trousers,gloves等常以复数形式出现的名词 The shoes are very expensive. 这双鞋子很贵。
a number of+名词复数 A number of books are given away to the poor students. 许多书被捐赠给了那些贫穷的学生。
主语 谓语 例句
名词前有分数,百分数,a lot of,lots of,plenty of等修饰 与名
词一致 Three fifths of students are girls in my class. 我班里五分之三的学生是女生。
Plenty of water was wasted. 大量的水被浪费了。
名词前有pair,
piece等量词修饰 与量
词一致 Two pieces of paper are on the ground. 地上有两张纸。
在定语从句中, 关系代词that,who,which作主语时 与先行词的数保持
一致 I like the musicians who play different kinds of music. 我喜欢演奏不同类型音乐的音乐家。
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Two thirds of the work 　was finished　 (finish) by the team yesterday.
2.A number of students 　are　 (be) interested in the new course.
3.I’m looking for a partner who 　is　 (be) good at spoken English.
4.This pair of shoes　needs　 (need) to be cleaned.
5.Each of the movies that 　are　 (be) made by this director gets popular.
6.Most of the members 　agree　 (agree) with the plan, though a small number of them 　have　 (have) different opinions.
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意义一致原则
意义一致原则是指从意义上处理主谓一致关系。谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语所表示的概念。
主语 谓语 例句
有些词如news, physics虽以-s结尾, 但表示单数意义 单数 Physics is one of the most important subjects. 物理是最重要的学科之一。
表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等名词复数被视为一个整体 Five pounds is enough. 五英镑就足够了。
“more than a/an+单数名词”或“many a/an+单数名词” Many a student has seen the film. 许多学生看过这部电影了。
and连接并列主语, 表示同一个人或物(注:and后面无冠词) The educator and writer is very famous. 这位教育家兼作家非常有名。
主语 谓语 例句
people, police等集体名词 复数 The police are on duty. 警察们正在执勤。
the+姓氏名词复数, 表示
“……一家人;……夫妇” The Smiths have decided to go to Kunming for holiday. 史密斯一家人已经决定去昆明度假了。
the+形容词, 表示一类人 The young are always full of energy. 年轻人总是充满能量。
主语 谓语 例句
family,class,team,group,
public等集体名词 取决
于主
语的
意义 His family is going to move to Nanjing. 他一家要搬到南京。(作为整体时, 谓语动词用单数)
The whole family are having dinner. 全家人正在吃晚饭。(作家庭成员讲时, 谓语动词用复数)
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.More than one student in the class 　says　 (say) that he or she 　has　 (have) difficulty in solving the math problem.
2.My family 　are　 (be) watching TV together now.
3.The musician and poet 　is　 (be) named Li Jian, whose music is very popular.
4.Physics 　is　 (be) a difficult subject for many students.
5.The old 　are　 (be) respected in China.
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就近原则
就近原则是指谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数保持一致。
适用的句型有there be, not only... but also..., neither... nor..., either... or等。如:
There is some water and two apples in the box. 箱子里有一些水和两个苹果。
Neither you nor he is right. 你和他都不对。
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.(2025·甘肃白银中考改编)Look! There 　is　 (be) a notebook and three keys on the desk.
2.Neither the teacher nor the students 　know　 (know) the answer to this question.
3.Either you or he 　has　 (have) to attend the meeting tomorrow.
4.Here 　comes　 (come) the bus and two taxis.
5.Not only the children but also their father 　likes　 (like) playing football.
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就远原则
当用作主语的成分后面含有but,except,besides,including,like,with,along/together with,as well as,as much as,no less than,in addition to,rather than等短语时, 谓语动词习惯上要与这些结构前面的主语保持一致(即与比较远的那个主语保持一致,简称“就远原则”)。如:
Everybody except you is here. Please join us soon. 除了你其他人都到了。请尽快加入我们。
Nobody but two students is in the classroom. 只有两个学生在教室。
A woman with two children has come. 一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了。
John, rather than his roommates, is to blame. 约翰, 而不是他的室友, 应该受到责备。
Your friend as well as you is friendly to me. 不仅你而且你的朋友也对我很友好。
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.(2025·黑龙江绥化中考改编)My mother with her students 　is　 (be) going to volunteer at the old people’s home next week.
2.Physics, as well as chemistry and math, 　is　 (be) considered a hard subject by many students.
3.This English book, together with its listening material,　sells　 (sell) well.
4.No one except you two 　is　 (be) willing to help him.
5.All the passengers on the bus, including a child, 　are　 (be) laughing happily.
诊断·语法过关
一、盲填
1.Where there 　is　 a will, there is a way.
2.Each of the girls 　is　 dancing to raise money for charity.
3.Ten minutes 　is　 enough for me to finish this task.
4.Two fifths of the land in this area 　is　 covered with trees and grass.
5.Three fourths of the students 　are　 playing sports in the playground now.
6.Not only the boy but also his parents 　are　 watching CCTV news at the moment.
7.After entering the hall, no one 　is　 allowed to take photos.
8.A large number of trees 　are　 planted in China every year.
9.Neither the manager nor the workers 　are　 going to attend the extra meeting this weekend.
10.Math 　is　 difficult for me to learn, but I won’t give it up.
二、语篇填空(语法综合练)
A
(2025·河南郑州一模)
Topic: How You Take Notes　　　　　　All
Cici
I have a notebook for taking notes in class.I don’t go over it just before tests, because it is hard to review
1.　the　 whole notebook at one go.I read it every day until I can remember it well.I also keep another notebook 2.　to　 collect all the mistakes I made in exercises and go over them every week. 2 hours
ago
Topic: How You Take Notes　　　　　　All
Xiaohua
It’s helpful to take notes in the margins(空白) of books while reading.I don’t mind marking on the books.3.　In　 fact, it is things like this that give books character.Years from now, I can pick up one of my old books, see the notes in the margins and remember 4.　what　 I learnt when I was younger. 3 hours ago
Wang Wei
Hey there! I use Pad to take pictures of the notes on blackboards.I think taking notes by hand is too tiring, because there 5.　are　 too many notes to take and the teachers write too fast.Anyway, I’m just trying to find ways to make things easier. 5 hours ago
B
Just like the red postbox and Buckingham Palace, red buses are a big part of the city of London.
London has had a big bus system since the 1820s.At that time, two horses pulled a bus.And there 6.　were　 no rules in those days.
Drivers would take the most popular routes to get more money.They would compete with other drivers by making their prices lower 7.　to　 win more passengers.In the 1840s, more rules came in.Numbers and colors helped passengers know 8.　where　 the buses were going.
The first motor buses appeared in the 1900s.They were called “Vanguard” and were red.They were different 9.　from　 the big buses of today and looked like old carts but without the horses.Then, the London General Omnibus Company took control of all the Vanguards.They put 10.　a　 “winged wheel” symbol on them.The symbol has changed a little, but it is still used on all London transport to this day.And, of course, the buses are still red. (共35张PPT)
专题十　句子种类
补全对话
(2025·河南许昌一模)
A:Ne Zha 2 is really popular recently.1.　Have you seen Ne Zha2/Have you seen it yet/...　
B:Yeah, I have seen it already.I watched it with my parents.
A:What do you think of it
B:I think it is really amazing! The battles(战斗) are really exciting.Nezha is so strong and brave!
A:2.　I agree with you/ You are right/Yes/Yes, I think so/I can’t agree more/ That’s right/...　.And I think the story is really good too.
B:Don’t you think his friends are always there to help him Their friendship is so important in the movie.3.　Which character do you like best(in the movie) /Who do you like best(in the movie) /What’s your favorite character/...　
A:Of all the characters, I like the Barrier Beasts(结界兽) best.They make the story more interesting.
B:Me too.
A:The music is great too.Do you think it makes the movie even more exciting and fun to watch
B:Yes, I do.4.　I like the music very much/The music is so wonderful/...　 .It really helps tell the story.
A:I want to go to see it again.5.　Would you like to go with me/Would you love to go with me/Will/Can/Could/Would you go with me/Do you want to go with me/...　
思维·考点突破
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陈述句
陈述句用来叙述一件事情或表明说话人的看法、态度等。陈述句的语序一般为“主语+谓语(+其他)”。
句式 句子结构 例句
肯定
句式 主语+谓语+其他(正常语序) I forgot closing the window yesterday. 昨天我忘了关窗户。
其他+谓语+主语(倒装语序) Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。
句式 句子结构 例句
否定
句式 谓语动词是be动词或含有情态动词、助动词时,在其后直接加not He is not a student. 他不是一名学生。
I will not be late again. 我将不会再迟到。
谓语动词是实义动词时,在谓语动词前加don’t/doesn’t/didn’t He doesn’t like running. 他不喜欢跑步。
否定
句式 其他表示否定的单词或短语也可构成否定句式,如:never, hardly, seldom, few, little, nothing, nobody, none of, neither... nor..., not... at all He has never been abroad. 他从未出过国。
They don’t speak English at all after class. 在课下他们根本不说英语。
按照要求完成句子
1.There are some new shops in our neighborhood. (改为否定句)
There 　　aren’t　 　any　 new shops in our neighborhood.
2.Sally used to go to school by bus. (改为否定句)
Sally 　didn’t use/used not　 to go to school by bus.
3.ask, watch, I’ll, to, it, my cousins(.)(连词成句)
　I’ll ask my cousins to watch it.　
4.is made, car, in Chongqing, this kind of(.) (连词成句)
　This kind of car is made in Chongqing.　
5.my life, make, rich, poems(.) (连词成句)
　Poems make my life rich.　
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疑问句
疑问句包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
1.一般疑问句
对某一情况的“是或否”提出疑问的句子叫作一般疑问句。一般疑问句通常用yes或no来回答,读时句尾一般用升调。
句子结构 例句
问句 答语 —Are your parents doctors 你的父母是医生吗
—Yes, they are. 是的,他们是。
Be+主语+表语... Yes, 主语+be./No, 主语+be+not.
句子结构 例句
问句 答语 —Can you bring me some apples 你可以给我带一些苹果吗
—Yes, I can. 好的,可以的。
情态动词+主语+
动词原形(+其他) Yes, 主语+情态动词. /No, 主语+情态动词+not.
助动词+主语+动词原形(+其他) Yes, 主语+助动词. /No, 主语+助动词+not. —Did you enjoy yourself in Beijing 你在北京玩得开心吗
—Yes, I did. 是的,开心。
2.特殊疑问句
就句中某一部分进行提问的疑问句叫作特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句是由疑问代词 what,who,whom,which,whose或疑问副词 when,where,why,how等引导,特殊疑问句不用yes或no回答,回答时可用一个词或一个短语,也可以用一个完整的句子。
疑问词(组) 含义 用法 例句
who 谁 作主语,用来指人 Who is the girl under the tree
树下的女孩是谁
whom 谁 作宾语,用来指人 Whom are you writing to 你正在给谁写信
whose 谁的 作定语,用来指所属关系,一般后接名词 Whose pen is this 这是谁的钢笔
Whose is this pen 这支钢笔是谁的
which 哪个,
哪些 用来指人或指物,在一定范围内进行选择 Which hat is Lily’s 哪一顶帽子是莉莉的
常见特殊疑问词(组)的用法
疑问词(组) 含义 用法 例句
what 什么 询问物品、职业或身份 What can you see in the picture 在这幅图片里,你可以看到什么
when 什么
时候 询问时间 When will Li Ming return 李明什么时候会回来
疑问词(组) 含义 用法 例句
where 在哪
里,往哪里 询问地点 Where do you come from 你来自哪里
why 为什么 询问原因 Why were you late for school
你为什么上学迟到了
how 怎样,如何;多么 询问手段、方式、工具以及程度等 —How do you usually go to school 你通常怎样去上学
—On foot. 步行。
how old 多大,几岁 询问年龄 How old is Jim 吉姆多大了
疑问词(组) 含义 用法 例句
how
many/
much 多少 询问数量(how many用于可数名词,
how much用于不可数名词) How many birds are there in the tree 树上有多少只鸟
How much water should I need 我应该需要多少水
how
much 多少钱 询问价格 How much are your shoes 你的鞋多少钱
how far 多远 询问距离 How far is it from your home to your school 从你家到学校有多远
疑问词(组) 含义 用法 例句
how
long 多长;多久,多长时间 询问物体或时间的长度 How long will you stay in Beijing 你将在北京待多长时间
how
often 多长时间一次 询问频率 —How often do you go to see your parents 你多长时间去看望一次你父母
—Once a week. 一周一次。
how
soon 多久 询问时间 How soon will you come back
你多久后会回来
3.选择疑问句
(1)选择疑问句是说话者对问题提出两个或两个以上的方案,供对方选择其一。选择疑问句的答语必须是完整的句子或其省略形式,不能用yes或no。
(2)选择疑问句有两种形式:①一般疑问句+or+选择项 ②特殊疑问句+选择项A+or+选择项B 如:
—Is your mother a teacher or a doctor 你的妈妈是老师还是医生
—She is a doctor. 她是一名医生。
How shall we go there, on foot, by bus or by bike 我们怎样去那儿,步行、乘公交车还是骑自行车
4. 反意疑问句
反意疑问句是在陈述句后附加一个简短问句,提出对前面陈述句所陈述事情的肯定或否定的意见,或者希望事实得到证实。
(1)反意疑问句需遵循“前肯后否,前否后肯”原则,附加问句的主语和动词及时态均需与陈述部分一致,且主语用代词。
(2)不管反意疑问句中的陈述句是肯定的还是否定的,回答时都要根据事实情况,保持“Yes+肯定句”和“No+否定句”的一致。如:
—She can speak French, can’t she 她会说法语,不是吗
—Yes, she can.不,她会。/—No, she can’t. 是的,她不会。
—You didn’t attend the conference, did you 你没有参加会议,是吗
—No, I didn’t. 是的,我没有。/ —Yes, I did.不,我参加了。
盲填
1.(2025·江苏扬州中考改编)—How 　much　 do you remember about this week’s news
—None, I’m afraid.
2.(2025·四川成都中考改编)—　Why　 is the sports center closed today
—Here’s a notice.Let’s have a look.
3.　Are　 there any chairs in the dining room
4.　Have　 you done anything interesting so far
5.　Does　 he run for exercise every day
6.Which do you like better, the camera 　or　 the smart phone
7.　Is　 it possible that the missing key is still in your jacket pocket
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祈使句
祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语通常被省略,谓语动词用原形。
句式 句子结构 例句
肯定式 (Please+)be+表语 Please be quiet!请安静!
(Please+)动词原形+其他 Please come in!请进!
Let +宾语+动词原形(+其他) Let’s go shopping!我们去购物吧!
句式 句子结构 例句
否定式 Don’t + be+表语 Don’t be late for school. 不要上学迟到。
Don’t +动词原形(+其他) Don’t open the door. 不要开门。
Don’t+let+宾语+动词原形(+其他)=Let+宾语+not+动词原形(+其他) Don’t let them go there.=Let them not go there.不要让他们去那里。
Never+动词原形(+其他) Never give up!永不放弃!
No+动词的-ing形式 No parking! 禁止停车!
盲填
1.(2025·吉林中考改编)Plant more flowers, 　and　 we can make our city more beautiful.
2.Be careful when crossing the street, 　or　 you might get hurt.
翻译句子
3.让我们看看十年后我们中多少人能实现自己的梦想。
　Let’s see how many of us can achieve our dreams in ten years.　
4.不要在公共场所大声喧哗。
　Don’t talk loudly in public places.　
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感叹句
感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的句子,一般用what或how引导。what作定语,修饰名词,且名词前可有形容词或冠词;how作状语,修饰形容词、副词。
引导词 句式 例句
what What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)! What a beautiful girl(she is)!(她是)多么漂亮的一个女孩呀!
What+形容词+可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)! What important jobs they have done!他们做了多么重要的工作啊!
What+形容词+不可数名词 (+主语+谓语)! What good news (it is)!多好的消息啊!
引导词 句式 例句
how How+形容词或副词(+主语+谓语)! How interesting the story is!多么有趣的故事啊!
How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)! How useful a subject (it is)!多么有用的一门科目啊!
How+主语+谓语! How time flies!时间过得真快啊!
盲填
1.(2025·云南中考改编)　What　 a kind boy Mike is! He always helps his classmates with math.
2.(2025·黑龙江中考改编)—We are going to the Sanxingdui Ruins(三星堆遗迹).　How　 excited we are!
—Have a good time!
3.(2025·黑龙江绥化中考改编)　What　 good advice it is! I’m sure to make many friends at the party.
4.What　a　wonderful trip I have experienced in Huangguoshu Waterfall!
5.What 　an　 amazing country China is!
诊断·语法过关
A
(2025·河南郑州外国语中学三模)
A:Hi, Li Hua! Your Chinese painting work is so beautiful!
B:Thank you, Wang Lin.I have been practising it for a year.
A:1.　Where do you learn Chinese painting/it　
B:I learn it in our school art club.
A:Really I want to learn Chinese paintings, too.2.　It’s beautiful/ It’s a symbol of Chinese culture/I think it can help improve my artistic skills　.
B:You are right.And painting helps us to relax ourselves.
A:3.　Can/Could/May I join the art club　
B:Of course.Everyone who likes painting can join the club.
A:Then what do you usually do in the club
B:First, we admire some wonderful Chinese painting works.Then we choose the one we like to paint.
A:4.　That sounds interesting/great　.I really want to have a try.By the way, when do you go to the club
B:Every Friday afternoon.5.　Would you like to join me this Friday/Would you like to come this Friday(afternoon)　
A:Sure, I’d love to.
B:Let’s meet there this Friday.
A:See you then!
B
(2025·吉林中考改编)
(Li Hua meets his neighbor Jack)
A:Hi, Li Hua!Did you watch the Evening News on CCTV 1 yesterday
B:6.　No/No, I didn’t　.I was eating out.Was there anything new
A:The news reported that the year 2025 is Weight Management(管理) Year.
B:It’s a pity that I missed it.We really need to care more about our health.
A:Right.7.　Do you often exercise/Do you often take exercise/Do you often play sports　
B:Yes, I exercise every day.I jump rope, play basketball and so on.
A:You’re a real sports lover.How great you are!
B:8.　Thanks/Thank you/Thank you very much(a lot)　.What about you
A:Oh, I hardly ever exercise.
B:Maybe you should change.
A:9.　I think so/You’re right/I can’t agree more/Sounds great　.May I exercise with you tomorrow
B:Certainly.See you.
A:10.　See you(tomorrow)　. (共26张PPT)
专题八　冠词
用适当的冠词填空,不填的用“/”表示
1.(2025·黑龙江中考改编)—How do you like 　the　 movie Ne Zha 2
—I think it is 　an　 exciting movie.
2.(2025·黑龙江中考改编)—How time flies! Junior high school days are over.
—Yes, I will miss 　the　 3-year happy school life.
3.(2025·四川成都中考改编)I volunteered as 　a　 guide in Chengdu Museum last weekend.
4.—Can you play 　the　 guitar
—Sure.It’s a piece of cake for me.
5.—I want to be 　an　 engineer.You know, it’s my dream job.
—Good luck for you.You will certainly do the job well.
6.I had 　an　 unusual day on my last school trip.
7.My cousin went abroad at 　the　 age of eighteen.
8.What 　a　 useful program it is!
9.Beijing is one of 　the　biggest cities in China.
10.What do you usually have for 　/　 breakfast
思维·考点突破
考点1
考点2
考点3
不定冠词
冠词是一种虚词,是名词的一种标志,不能独立充当任何句子成分,只能附着在一个名词上,帮助说明其词义。冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词。
1.不定冠词的两种形式
不定冠词 用法 示例
a 用于发音以辅音音素开头的单词前 a book 一本书
a piece of paper 一张纸
an 用于发音以元音音素开头的单词前 an apple 一个苹果
an island一座岛屿
2.不定冠词的用法
用法 例句
用于首次提到的人或事物的可数名词单数形式前 This is a friend of Alice. 这是艾丽斯的一个朋友。
泛指某类人或事物中的任何一个 I want to buy a dictionary. 我想买本词典。
用在可数名词单数形式前, 指某一类人或事物 A computer is useful in the modern society. 在现代社会电脑是有用的。
用于序数词前, 表示“又一, 再一” Would you like a second one 你还想再要一个吗
用法 例句
用在长度、重量、时间、速度等单位名词前, 表示“每一” He does exercise twice a week. 他一周运动两次。
用于物质词前, 表示“一种;一场” What a heavy rain! 好大的一场雨!
用于可用作一个整体的两个名词前 There is a knife and fork on the desk. 桌子上有一副刀叉。
用适当的冠词填空
1.(2025·黑龙江绥化中考改编)There was 　a　 one-meter-tall robot welcoming me when I went into the bank.
2.—I have 　a　 headache.What should I do
—You should see a doctor and get 　an　X-ray.
3.Nowadays,　a　 large number of people,especially the young, are unwilling to spend their time in reading classics.
4.Clearly,Veronica succeeded in giving 　an　 interesting and successful lesson.
5.Just imagine such 　an　 animal standing among many lovely chickens.
考点1
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考点3
定冠词
用法 例句
用于前面提到过的人或事物前 I have an interesting book. The book was given by my mother. 我有一本有趣的书。这本书是我妈妈送给我的。
用于说话双方都知道的人或事物前 Do you know the girl under the tree 你认识树下的那个女孩吗
用于世界上独一无二的事物前 People haven’t found lives on the moon. 人们还没有在月球上发现生命。
用于乐器前 Can you play the piano 你会弹钢琴吗
用法 例句
用于集体名词、物质名词、专有名词前 Have you ever been to the Palace Museum 你去过故宫博物院吗
用于序数词或形容词最高级前 The Yangtze River is the longest river and the Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 长江是中国第一长河, 黄河是中国第二长河。
用于姓氏的复数前表示“……一家人”或“……夫妇” The Smiths are preparing food for the coming New Year. 史密斯一家人正在为即将到来的新年准备食物。
用于形容词前表示一类人 We should help the old who are in need. 我们应该帮助生活困难的老年人。
用适当的冠词填空
1.(2025·四川达州中考改编)—Karm, what are you doing
—I’m reading 　an　 article.　The　 article is about Dazhou.
2.　The　 man under the big tree is my cousin Tony.
3.　The　 more careful you are, 　the　 fewer mistakes you will make.
4.Do you know that Generation Z is 　a　 group of culture creators who have grown up with 　the　 Internet
5.Have you been to 　the　 Great Wall before It is the largest man-made object in the world.
6.It takes my friend and me half 　an　 hour to play 　the　 guitar.
7.It’s 　the　 first time I have heard such 　a　 funny story.
8.Dao Lang is one of 　the　 best musicians in China.
考点1
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零冠词
用法 示例
用于不可数名词和可数名词复数前 Water is important for us. 水对我们来说是重要的。
用于三餐、球类运动、棋类、科目前 have lunch吃午饭
play football踢足球
用于人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前 in China在中国
in Beijing在北京
用于年、月、季节、星期、节日前 in 2025在2025年
in spring在春天
on Monday在周一
用法 示例
用于与by连用的交通工具前 by bike骑自行车
by car 开小汽车
名词前已有指示代词、形容词性物主代词修饰时 My English teacher is very strict. 我的英语老师很严厉。
and连接的两个或两个以上名词, 指代同一个人或事物, 只有第一个名词前用冠词 Confucius is a thinker and educator. 孔子是思想家和教育家。
用适当的冠词填空,不填的用“/”表示
1.(2025·天津中考改编)Mary usually rides a bike to school.Sometimes she also goes by 　/　 bus.
2.Bob is my brother.He likes playing 　/　 basketball, but he doesn’t like playing 　the　 piano.
3.—Will you go to Beijing by 　/　 train, Mark
—No, I will take 　a　 plane.
4.I usually have　/　 lunch with my classmates at school.
5.—It’s reported that the 5G network will let people download and upload faster than before.
—What 　/　 amazing news!
诊断·语法过关
一、用适当的冠词填空,不填的用“/”表示
1.There is 　an　 umbrella behind the door.　The　 umbrella is blue.
2.　The　 2022 Winter Olympics impressed me a lot, and the moment Xu Mengtao won the gold medal moved me 　the　 most.
3.—Judy, how was 　the　camping last weekend
—The other campers were nice, and we had　a　 fun time together.
4.Don’t tell 　a　 lie.You are 　an　 honest boy.
5.　The　man in a black hat is my P.E. teacher.He often plays 　/　 football with us.
6.　The　 bestselling movie during 2025 summer is Dead To Rights, which is 　a　 very sad movie for all Chinese people.
7.The Sun is 　the　 closest star to 　the　 Earth.
8.I got a dog yesterday as 　a　birthday gift.　The　 dog is very cute and I like it.
9.She wants to be 　an　 astronaut when she grows up, because she dreams of exploring 　/　 space.
10.—What’s 　the　 matter, Nancy
—I have 　a　 sore throat.
11.—Kate, are you 　the　 only child in your family
—Yes,but 　a　 new baby is on the way.
12.Eating 　/　 breakfast is very important for our health, so I always have 　a　 big breakfast in 　the　 morning.
二、语篇填空/盲填(语法综合练)
A
(2025·河南平顶山二模)
English Learning Tips from Five Students
Li Ming
(listening) 　　I improve 1.　by　 listening to English songs daily.I choose slow ones like You Raise Me Up and repeat them until I catch key words like “strength” or “dream”.
Zhang Hua
(speaking) 　　Practice makes perfect! I practice speaking English 2.　with　 my classmates and teachers every day.I also read aloud under the old tree near our school gate.
Wang Lei
(reading) 　　I read short stories 3.　which/that　 are from the newspaper Student Times.Underlining new words like “ancient” helps me remember them better.
Liu Yang
(viewing) 　　Watch cartoons with English subtitles(字幕).My favorite is Kung Fu Panda.I stop 4.　to　 copy phrases like “inner peace” and practice them with classmates.
Chen Xue
(writing) 　　Keep 5.　a　 diary! I write 5 sentences daily about school life, using words we learned, like “discuss” and “achieve”.My teacher corrects my mistakes every Monday.
B
(2025·河南安阳二模)
Last year, Mr.Green made a robot.When people talked to the robot, it could say only one sentence “There is no doubt about it.” One day, Mr.Green took the robot to a market and wanted to sell it.“Who will buy my robot It
6.　is　 very smart, ” he shouted.“20, 000 dollars 7.　for　 my robot! ” A young man wanted to buy it.Instead of asking Mr.Green why he wanted so much money, he decided 8.　to　 speak to the robot.“Are you worth 20, 000 dollars ” he asked the robot.“There is no doubt about it,” answered the robot.He liked the answer 9.　and　 bought the robot.But soon he found that the robot could say nothing else.He felt angry and said, “I think I’m 10.　the　 most foolish man that spent so much money on the robot! ” “There is no doubt about it, ” said the robot. (共30张PPT)
专题十三　动词的非谓语形式
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.(2025·福建中考改编)We will attend the tea festival in our town 　to learn　 (learn) more about tea culture.
2.(2025·黑龙江绥化中考改编)Our English teacher is humorous and he often tells funny jokes to make us 　laugh　 (laugh).
3.Mr.Wu always encourages us 　to realize　 (realize) our dreams through hard work.
4.We had difficulty 　controlling　 (control) our tears when we heard the bad news.
5.　Watching　 (watch) herself in the mirror, the queen thought she was the most beautiful lady in the world.
6.It’s not a good habit for you　to put　 (put) off what should be done today until tomorrow.
选单词并用其适当形式填空
eat　finish　learn　relax　swim
7.　Swimming　 is my favorite sport which can keep me fit.
8.I often listen to music because it makes me feel 　relaxed　.
9.After 　finishing　 his homework, he went out to play.
10.It’s important for us to 　learn　 a foreign language well.
11.I got up late this morning, so I hurried to school without 　eating　 breakfast.
思维·考点突破
考点1
考点2
考点3
动词不定式
1.动词不定式的基本形式
其基本形式为“to+动词原形”,否定形式为“not+to+动词原形”。在句中不能单独作谓语,没有人称和数的变化;作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
2.动词不定式的用法
成分 用法 例句
主语 不定式作主语时往往用形式主语it代替,句子真正的主语不定式则被后置 To learn English well is very important for students.=It is important for students to learn English well. 学生学好英语非常重要。
成分 用法 例句
宾语 动词的宾语 I decided to change my eating habits. 我决定改变我的饮食习惯。
和疑问词who、what、when、where、
how、which等连用,一起作tell、ask、know等动词的宾语 She showed us how to do the experiment. 她向我们展示了如何做这个实验。
用it作形式宾语时,将真正的宾语后置 I find it easy to speak English. 我发现说英语是容易的。
成分 用法 例句
定语 置于被修饰的名词或代词之后,作后置定语 I don’t have a partner to practice English with.我没有搭档练习英语。
表语 用在系动词后,主要表示愿望、责任、义务等,一般可转化为动词不定式作主语 His dream is to be a teacher.=To be a teacher is his dream. 他的梦想是成为一名老师。
宾语
补足语 构成“动词+ sb./sth.+to do sth.”的结构 The teacher asked us not to run in the hallway.老师要求我们不要在走廊里跑。
成分 用法 例句
状语 目的状语 The teacher raised his voice to make him heard clearly. 老师提高嗓门使大家清楚地听到他的声音。
结果状语 The box is too heavy to carry. 这个箱子太重了以至于搬不动。
原因状语 Ben was so excited to know that he had taken first place in the exam.本得知他在考试中获得了第一名后非常兴奋。
【注意】不定式可以和疑问代词who,what,which及疑问副词when,how,where,why等连用构成不定式短语,在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。如:
It is important for children to learn how to do housework. 孩子们学习如何做家务是重要的。
When to go to Beijing hasn’t been decided yet. 什么时候去北京还没定下来。
3.后接动词不定式作宾语的常见动词(短语)
hope/wish希望 decide决定 agree同意 choose 选择
seem似乎,好像 refuse拒绝 plan计划,打算 attempt试图
determine决心 hurry匆忙 afford承担得起 manage设法做成某事
expect期待 prefer宁愿;更喜欢 promise承诺 offer主动提出
try尽力 prepare准备 can’t wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事 would like to do sth.想要做某事
4.动词不定式的常用句型
(1)It is one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了。
(2)It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少时间。
(3)It’s time to do sth. =It’s time for (doing) sth. 是做某事的时候了。
(4)It is one’s duty to do sth. 做某事是某人的义务。
(5)prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
(6)be+adj. +enough to do sth. 足够……做某事
(7)too... to... 太……而不能……
(8)It’s+adj.+to do sth. 做某事是……的。
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.(2025·黑龙江中考改编)　To make　 (make) communication easier and faster, engineers in that company have designed a kind of smart watches.
2.After two hours’ study, I felt a little tired and decided 　to have　 (have) a rest.
3.Nothing can make me 　give　 (give) up my dream.
4.It’s really kind of you 　to volunteer　 (volunteer) at the old people’s home.
5.She prefers 　to stay　 (stay) at home and read books rather than 　go　 (go) out to parties on weekends.
考点1
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动词的-ing形式
动词的-ing形式具有名词、代词、形容词、副词的特征,同时还具有动词的某些特征。
1.动词的-ing形式的用法
成分 用法 例句
作主语 谓语动词用单数 Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
作表语 多数情况下,动词的-ing形式作表语可转换成作主语 Her hobby is planting different kinds of flowers. 她的爱好是种植各种各样的花。
成分 用法 例句
作
宾
语 动词
宾语 表示一般的习惯、抽象行为或经常性动作 I will finish reading the book and give a report next Monday. 下个星期一我将会读完这本书并作报告。
介词
宾语 You can’t stop people from saying what they think. 你不能阻止人们说出他们的想法。
作定语 表示它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等,置于被修饰词之前 He may be in the reading room. 他可能在阅览室里。
2.后接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词/短语/句型
avoid避免 consider考虑 enjoy享受;喜欢 finish完成
imagine想象 miss错过 mind介意 advise/suggest建议
practice练习 love/like喜欢 dislike不喜欢 hate讨厌
risk冒险 stand忍受 delay拖延 admit承认
be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 be worth doing sth.值得做某事
be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 can’t/couldn’t help doing sth.禁不住做某事
keep on doing sth. 继续做某事 look forward to doing sth.期待做某事
thanks for doing sth. 感谢做某事 How/What about doing sth. 做某事怎么样
What do you think of doing sth. 你认为做某事怎么样
Sb. spend(s)/spent some time (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间做某事。
3.有些动词后加不定式或动词的-ing形式作宾语有两种截然不同的含义,常见的有:
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.The house must be on fire.I can see heavy smoke 　rising　 (rise) from it.
2.The book is so 　interesting　 (interest) that I can’t put it down.
3.　Reading　 (read) English for 30 minutes every morning is very helpful.
4.The children were 　playing　 (play) games when their teacher came in.
5.It’s bad manners to enter other people’s room without 　knocking　 (knock) at the door.
考点1
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动词的-ed形式
动词的-ed形式可以构成完成时、被动语态等,也可以在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。
成分 用法 例句
定语 作定语时,通常放在被修饰名词的前面 The broken cup needs repairing. 这个破杯子需要修复。
表语 表示主语的特征和属性 She is very tired. 她很疲劳。
成分 用法 例句
宾语
补足语 动词的-ed形式作宾语补足语,句子的宾语是它的逻辑宾语 I found an old lady knocked down by a bike.我发现一位老太太被自行车撞倒了。
have/get sth. done表示“请别人做某事”,其中动词的-ed形式作宾语补足语,与宾语之间是被动关系 I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我将去理发。
状语 作状语时,其逻辑宾语为句子主语 Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful. 从山顶上看,这座城市很漂亮。
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.This evening, I am going to watch the movie 　directed　 (direct) by the man.
2.He looked 　excited　 (excite) when he heard the good news.
3.I found the door 　locked　 (lock) when I came back.
诊断·语法过关
一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.In China, it is interesting 　to see　 (see) people eating with chopsticks.
2.Oh, my bike is broken.I’m going to have it 　repaired　 (repair).
3.I didn’t want to put in the time to practice.That was my greatest weakness.So I try 　to correct　 (correct) it by finding an enjoyable way to study.
4.They say I can choose whatever I want to do in the end if I keep 　working　 (work) hard at school.
5.Each year, millions of fishes are killed by the 　polluted　 (pollute) water.
6.A young boy made a living by 　selling　 (sell) fried dough sticks(油条) in the market.
7.Do you know there are more than 3,000 languages 　spoken　 (speak) in the world
8.Do you mind 　moving　 (move) your bike It’s in my way.
9.It takes ten years 　to grow　 (grow)a tree, but a hundred years
　to educate　 (educate) a person.
10.He is too young.He doesn’t know how 　to do　 (do) things by himself.
二、语篇填空(非谓语动词专项练)
bear　take　reach　help　pack offer　create　conduct　save　dine
Nowadays, more and more Chinese are aware of food waste issues. Even young people tend 1.　to take　 their leftovers home when 2.　dining　 out, most of whom would pack the dishes in a doggie bag if the leftovers are still in good shape and there are also a lot left, according to the survey 3.　conducted　 by China Youth Daily. The people 4.　born　 in the 1980s or 1990s believe that 5.　saving　 food is saving ourselves.
bear　take　reach　help　pack offer　create　conduct　save　dine
Young people also gave their opinions on how 6.　to help　 reduce food waste. Some advised restaurants 7.　to offer　 the serving chopsticks, which would be helpful for customers 8.　to pack　 the leftovers. Others said it might be useful to promote smaller or half-portion dishes. Another good suggestion is that catering businesses give away coupons (优惠券) to customers who clear their plates at dinner.
China launched a campaign against food waste in 2013 and renewed the call early this year 9.　to create　 an increasingly prosperous society. We can all play a part in 10.　reaching　 the national food waste reduction goal—to reduce food waste by 50% in the next 10 years. (共34张PPT)
专题四　代词
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.(2025·福建中考改编)—I am going to meet Miss Chen in two days.
—Please send my best wishes to 　her　 (she).
2.(2025·江苏扬州中考改编)Red squirrels depend on 　their　 (they) thicker winter fur and food hidden in autumn to survive.
3.(2025·甘肃金昌中考改编)The purple scarf is not the girl’s.　Hers　 (her) is blue.
4.　Those　 (that) who respect others are usually respected in return.
5.Whenever I read an interesting story,I never keep it to 　myself　 (I) but share it with my friends.
6.Boys and girls, please help 　yourselves　 (you) to some fruit.
7.—May I help you with some jeans, sir
—Yes, I’d like to try on those blue 　ones　 (one).
8.Some people are too shy to say a word in public.However, 　others　 (other) aren’t.
9.　These　 (this) two books are just the same.
10.A friend of 　mine　 (me) will come for a visit.So I am preparing something necessary.
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人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
1.人称代词、物主代词和反身代词一览表
　　 类别
人称　 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词
第一
人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二
人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三
人称 单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
形容词性物主代词变名词性物主代词助记口诀:
my要用mine换;his、its不用变;其余s加后面。
人称代词作并列主语时, 排列顺序助记口诀:
人称代词并列现, 排列顺序记心间;
单数形式二三一, 复数形式一二三;
男女并列男在前, 承担责任我在前。
如:You, she and I are all fifteen years old.你、她和我都是15岁。
We, you and they are all from Henan.我们、你们和他们都来自河南。
2.人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的基本用法
类别 功能 位置 例句
人称代词 主格 作主语 用于动词之前 I like apples. 我喜欢苹果。
宾格 作表语 用于系动词后 It’s me. 是我。
作宾语 用于动词或介词后 Let him read here. 让他在这儿读书。
类别 功能 位置 例句
物主代词 形容词性物主代词 作定语 用于名词前, 相当于形容词 This is my pen. 这是我的钢笔。
名词性
物主
代词 作主语 用于动词之前 This is my pen. Yours is on the desk. 这是我的钢笔。你的在桌子上。
作宾语 用于动词后 My pen is missing. May I use yours 我的钢笔丢了。我能用一下你的吗
作表语 用于系动词后 The pen is mine. 这支钢笔是我的。
类别 功能 位置 例句
反身代词 作表语 用于系动词后 I’m not myself today. 我今天不舒服。
作宾语 用于动词或介词后 I teach myself at home. 我在家自学。
作同
位语 用于名词、代词后或句末 Mary herself finished the work. 玛丽自己完成了这项工作。
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.(2025·云南中考改编)—Is this Li Mei’s volleyball
—Yes, it’s 　hers　 (she).Look, there is “LM” on it.
2.(2025·黑龙江绥化中考改编)Chen Chao still sticks to teaching 　himself　 (he) English though he is busy working now.
3.You must depend on yourself.God helps those who help 　themselves　 (they).
4.Those trousers are expensive.I don’t think we can afford 　them　 (they).
5.The problem 　itself　 (it) is not difficult—what matters is how you deal with it.
6.Our house is small, but 　yours　 (you) looks much more spacious(宽敞的).
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指示代词
指示代词是用来指出或标示人或物的代词。
1.指示代词的基本用法
指示代词 用法 例句
this
(复数these) 指代离说话的人较近的人或事物 This is my book. 这是我的书。
These are my books. 这些是我的书。
指代下文要提到的人或事物 Please remember this: nothing is impossible. 请记住:一切皆有可能。
指示代词 用法 例句
that
(复数
those) 指代离说话的人较远的人或事物 Who is that girl under the tree 树下的那个女孩是谁
Who are those girls under the tree 树下的那些女孩是谁
常用于比较结构中, 代替前面提到的名词, 以避免重复 The day in summer is longer than that in winter. 夏天的白天比冬天的要长。
指示代词 用法 例句
it 特指上下文提到的对象是同一事物(同类同物) I can’t find my book. It is missing. 我找不到我的书了。它丢了。
指代说话人所涉及的人的身份、性别等信息不明确 They gave birth to a baby and it was very lovely. 他们生了一个孩子, 非常可爱。
one 泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个(同类异物) I can’t find my book. I need to buy another one. 我找不到我的书了。我需要再买一本。
2.it的特殊用法
用适当的指示代词填空
1.Hello,　this　 is Jane speaking.Who is 　that　
2.The teacher always encourages 　those　 who are afraid to speak in public.
3.The population of India is larger than 　that　 of any other country.
4.　These　 oranges don’t look good in color.Can you show me some of those ones
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不定代词
不定代词是指不明确指代某个/些人、某个/些事物、具有名词或形容词作用的代词, 分为普通不定代词和复合不定代词, 在句子中作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。
1.常见的普通不定代词的用法
(1)some, any, many, much, few, little, a few, a little的用法
代词 含义 用法
some 一些, 某些 一般用于肯定句, 也可用于希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中
any 一些, 某些;任何一个 多用于疑问句和否定句中, 用于肯定句时意为 “任何(一个、一些)”
many 许多 修饰可数名词复数
much 修饰不可数名词
代词 含义 用法
few 几乎没有 修饰可数名词复数, 表否定意义
little 几乎没有 修饰不可数名词, 表否定意义
a few 少量, 一些 修饰可数名词复数, 表肯定意义
a little 少量,一点 修饰不可数名词, 表肯定意义
(2)both, either, neither, all, none的用法
代词 含义 用法
both 两者都 常用搭配:both of和both...and...
either 两者中的任何一个 可与of搭配,修饰可数名词单数
neither 两者都不 常与of搭配,修饰可数名词单数
all 所有, 全部(用于三者及三者以上) 后加可数或不可数名词;作主语时,谓语动词与其后名词的数保持一致
none 没有一个(用于三者及三者以上) 常用搭配none of;作主语时,谓语动词可用单数或复数
(3)other, another, others, the other, the others的用法
代词 含义 用法
other 其他, 另外 修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词
another 三者或三者以上的另一个 可用作定语;还可和数词以及可数名词复数连用,表示“几个”,another+数词+可数名词复数=数词+more+可数名词复数
others 泛指“其他的(人或物)” 相当于“other+可数名词复数”,不能作定语;常与some连用,构成some...others...
the
other 两者中的另一个 可修饰可数名词复数, 多用于“one..., the other...”一个……, 另一个……
the
others 特指“余下所有的(人或物)” 相当于“the other+可数名词复数”,不能作定语
2.复合不定代词的用法
(1)some-构成的不定代词常用于肯定句, 也可用于希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中;any-构成的不定代词常用于否定句和疑问句。
I have something important to tell you. 我有些重要的事情要告诉你。
—Would you like something to eat 你想要些吃的吗
—Yes, please. 是的, 请给我一些。
We don’t have anything in the fridge. 冰箱里什么东西都没有了。
(2)复合不定代词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
Something is wrong with my bike. 我的自行车坏了。
(3)形容词修饰不定代词时, 把形容词放在不定代词后面。
I want to go somewhere interesting tomorrow. 明天我想去有趣的地方。
选词填空
everything　nothing　others both　neither　nobody
1.Treat 　others　 as you want to be treated.
2.(2025·黑龙江中考改编)—The math problem was difficult.Did you ask your teacher for help or search for it on the Internet
—　Neither　.I worked it out by myself.
3.(2025·福建中考改编)My parents love our hometown so much that 　both　 of them have gone back to help build a new countryside.
4.(2025·四川成都中考改编)Miss Li always has a lot of work to do.For her, 　nothing　 is more important than a proper plan.
5.—Who cooked the hot dry noodles for you They’re delicious.
—　Nobody　.I learned to cook them by myself on the Internet.
6.He didn’t go to bed until he got 　everything　 ready for the trip the next day.
everything　nothing　others both　neither　nobody
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疑问代词
疑问代词 含义 用法 例句
who 谁 常对人称代词主格进行提问 Who is the girl in red
穿红衣服的那个女孩是谁
whom 谁 常对人称代词宾格进行提问 Whom did you meet yesterday 你昨天遇到谁了
whose 谁的 对物主代词或名词所有格进行提问 —Whose book is it 它是谁的书
—It is Linda’s. 它是琳达的。
疑问代词 含义 用法 例句
what 什么 提问事物 What’s this in your bag 你包里的这个是什么
which 哪一个, 哪些 提问具体的哪一个(或哪些)人(或事物) Which girl is your sister 哪个女孩是你的姐姐
用适当的疑问代词填空
1.(2025·江苏扬州中考改编)—Could you tell me 　what　 the AI app can do, sir
—Sure.It creates music in your own style.
2.(2025·黑龙江中考改编)—Could you please tell me 　who　 you will miss the most
after junior high school
—Miss Wu.She was always patient with me in English class.
3.—“The umbrella has been in the corner of the room for weeks.　Whose　 is it ” asked the monitor.
—It may be Tom’s.He has one like that.
4.　Which　 do you like best, apples, oranges or bananas
诊断·语法过关
一、选单词并用其适当形式填空
they　none　any　she　it anyone　those　either　nothing　I
1.As a child,I would sit for hours by the river doing 　nothing　—simply daydreaming.
2.　It　 took me much time to learn new words when I began learning Chinese.
3.—Look at this model ship.I made it all by 　myself　 last week.
—Wow, you are so smart!
4.These aren’t Mary’s books.Those ones are 　hers　 .
they　none　any　she　it anyone　those　either　nothing　I
5.Parents should not do everything for 　their　children.
6.There isn’t 　any　 milk in the fridge now.Why not buy some online
7.The shoes made in China are cheaper and better than 　those　 made in South Korea.
8.All the boys are playing basketball.　None　 of them are running.
9.There isn’t 　anyone　 in the classroom.All the students are having a P.E. lesson on the playground.
10.—Which do you want, the red one or the black one
—　Either　 is OK.I don’t mind.
二、语篇填空(语法综合练)
(2025·河南濮阳二模)
careful　help　work　we　for high　become　as　provide　success
Pang Donglai, a well-known supermarket in Henan, has 1.　become　 a national role model for its excellent service recently.What makes it so special
Walking into any Pang Donglai store, you’ll see employees cleaning shopping carts(购物车) 2.　carefully　.They always 3.　help　 the old people carry heavy bags.“We treat every customer 4.　as　 a family member,” said Manager Wang who has 5.　worked　 here for 15 years.
careful　help　work　we　for high　become　as　provide　success
The care isn’t just 6.　for　 customers.Workers here enjoy the
7.　highest　 salaries(薪水) in the industry, and they even get 40 days’ paid vacation yearly.This proves that putting people first brings 8.　success　.
Now Pang Donglai is building free rest stations for delivery workers.It also 9.　provides　 free water for taxi drivers.As the slogan says: “Warm hearts can create a warm world.” Its story teaches 10.　us　 that true business wisdom lies in valuing humanity(人道) over profits. (共38张PPT)
专题十二　动词的时态和语态
选单词并用其适当形式填空
see　wait　help　invent　race　cook　wash have　hold
1.(2025·云南中考改编)The film Ne Zha 2 is worth seeing.I have　seen　 it three times so far.
2.(2025·江西中考改编)—Lisa, your shoes are dirty.
—Oh, just leave them there, Mom.I will 　wash　 them with my clothes.
3.(2025·甘肃白银中考改编)—Cindy, my sunglasses are on the floor and they are broken.What happened
—Sorry, dear.I don’t know.I was 　cooking　 in the kitchen then.
4.(2025·黑龙江中考改编)—How long has she 　had　 the science book I want to borrow it from her.
—For nearly three weeks.I think she might have finished reading it.
5.(2025·安徽中考改编)—The robots are 　racing　 each other to the finish line.
—How exciting! Our robot is going to win.
6.(2025·四川达州中考改编)—World Animal Day is on October 4th every year.
—Many activities are 　held　 to improve the relationship between humans and animals this day.
7.Hurry up!Dad is 　waiting　 for us outside.He will drive us to the fun park.
8.Tom is helpful.He often 　helps　 his parents do housework at home.
9.It is said that potato chips were　invented　 by mistake about a hundred years ago.
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动词的时态
动词主要表示动作, 其次表示状态。动作和状态的发生有一定的时间和表现形式, 这就是动词的时态。
1.一般现在时
(1)基本结构
句式 动词为系动词be 动词为实义动词
肯定句 主语+am/is/are+其他. 主语+动词原形+其他.
否定句 主语+am not/isn’t/aren’t+
其他. 主语+don’t/doesn’t+动词原形+其他.
一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are+主语+其他 Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他
(2)用法
用法 例句
表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态 I often go to school by bike. 我经常骑自行车去上学。
表示按时间表或计划要发生的动作, 常用于go,arrive,leave,start,begin等短暂性动词 The train leaves at 7:30 in the morning. 火车在早上七点半发车。
表示客观事实或普遍真理 The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
用法 例句
条件状语从句中, if从句用一般现在时, 主句用一般将来时(主将从现) If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to the park.如果明天下雨, 我们将不去公园。
标志词:always总是,usually通常,often经常,sometimes有时,never从不,every day每天,twice a week一周两次等
2.一般过去时
(1)基本结构
句式 动词为系动词be 动词为实义动词
肯定句 主语+was/were+其他. 主语+动词过去式+其他.
否定句 主语+was/were+not+其他. 主语+did not (didn’t)+动词原形+其他.
一般
疑问句 Was/Were+主语+其他 Did+主语+动词原形+其他
特殊
疑问句 疑问词+was/were+主语+其他 疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他
(2)用法
用法 例句
表示过去的某个时间内发生的动作或存在的状态 I got up at six this morning. 今天早上我6点就起床了。
表示过去的习惯或过去经常发生的动作 When I was in the countryside, I often listened to music under the tree. 我在乡下时, 常常在树下听歌。
since引导的从句, 主句若用现在完成时, 从句要用一般过去时 He has worked in the factory since it opened in 1990.自从1990年这家工厂开办以来, 他就在这里工作。
标志词:yesterday昨天,the day before yesterday前天,last week上星期,two days ago两天前,in 2001在2001年, just now刚才等
3.一般将来时
(1)基本结构
肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句
主语+will/shall+动词原形+其他. 主语+will/shall+not+动词原形+其他. Will/Shall+主语+动词原形+其他 疑问词+will/shall+主语+动词原形+其他
主语+be going to+动词原形+其他. 主语+be not going to+动词原形+其他. Be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他 疑问词(非主语) +be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他
(2)用法
用法 例句
表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态 We will fly to London tomorrow. 明天我们将乘坐飞机去伦敦。
当主语是I或we时, 问句中一般使用shall, 表示征求对方意见 Where shall we meet tomorrow 明天我们要在哪里会面
“be going to+动词原形”表示计划、打算做某事, 常指已经决定的、很可能发生的事或有某种迹象表明要发生的事 —What are you going to do next Sunday 你下周日打算做什么
—I am going to visit Beijing. 我打算去参观北京。
用法 例句
be doing表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情, 常用的动词有go,come,leave,arrive,start,begin等 We are leaving for New York. 我们将动身前往纽约。
“be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作 The new school year is about to begin. 新学年即将开始。
标志词:tomorrow明天,the day after tomorrow后天,tomorrow morning明天早上,next week下周,in two hours两个小时以后,soon不久以后,later on稍后等
(3)be going to和will的区别:
be going to will
指已计划好的事或思考过的意图、打算,如:I’m going to see him tomorrow. 我打算明天去看他。(事先经过思考) 表示未事先思考或未计划而临时做出的决定,如:I’ll answer the door. 我去开门。(未事先考虑)
客观迹象表明马上要发生的事,如: Look at the clouds. There is going to be a storm. 看看这些云, 暴风雨就要来了。(客观迹象表明要发生) 说话者的主观意愿:I hope it will be warm tomorrow. 我希望明天会暖和起来。(主观意愿)
be going to will
含有条件状语从句的复合句的主句中一般用will,如:I will come if it doesn’t rain. 如果不下雨的话, 我就来。
4.现在进行时
(1)基本结构
肯定句 主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词+其他.
否定句 主语+am not/isn’t/aren’t+动词现在分词+其他.
一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are+主语+动词现在分词+其他
(2)用法
用法 例句
表示此时此刻正在进行的动作 —What are you doing 你在做什么
—I’m reading English. 我在读英语。
表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态 They are studying hard this term. 这个学期他们一直很努力学习。
come,go,leave,arrive,start等动词用现在进行时表示将来 The bus is coming soon. 公共汽车不久就会来了。
在while(当……时候)引导的状语从句中, 动词通常要用进行时 While you are sitting on the grass, I’ll read you the novel. 当你坐在草地上时, 我会给你读小说。
标志词:now 现在, at the moment 此刻,look 看,listen 听等
5.过去进行时
(1)基本结构
肯定句 主语+was/were+动词现在分词+其他.
否定句 主语+was/were+not+动词现在分词+其他.
一般疑问句 Was/Were+主语+动词现在分词+其他
特殊疑问句 疑问词+was/were+(主语+)现在分词+其他
(2)用法
用法 例句
表示在过去的某个时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态 —What were you doing this time yesterday 昨天这个时候你在做什么
—I was watching TV. 我在看电视。
表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后, 另一个过去的动作正在进行;也可以用来表示过去一段时间内持续发生的动作 When I was watering in the garden, it suddenly began to rain. 当我在花园里浇水时, 突然开始下雨了。
We were expecting you yesterday.我们昨天一直在等你。
用法 例句
表示两个过去的动作同时进行, 这时可用连词while连接 I was doing homework while my mother was cooking. 我在做作业时, 我妈妈在煮饭。
标志词:at that time那时,at this time yesterday昨天的这个时候,the whole afternoon整个下午,at nine yesterday昨天九点钟,when/while引导的时间状语从句等
6.现在完成时
(1)基本结构
肯定句 主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他.
否定句 主语+haven’t/hasn’t+动词过去分词+其他.
一般疑问句及
简略答语 —Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他
—Yes, 主语+have/has. (肯定)/No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t. (否定)
特殊疑问句 疑问词+have/has+(主语+)过去分词+其他
(2)用法
用法 时间状语 例句
表示过去发生或完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 already,yet,ever,never,just,
before,so far,by now等 I have already watched the TV play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了。
表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在(包括“现
在”)的动作或状态
(动作未完成) for+一段时间,since+过去的时间点,since+一段时间+ago,since+从句(since从句用一般过去时, 主句用现在完成时),in the last/past year 等 I have lived in London since 2017. 自从2017年以来, 我就生活在伦敦。
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.(2025·河南中考)In order to learn how to paint landscapes(风景) Wu followed a great painter and he 　travelled　 (travel) to many places with mountains and rivers.
2.A good friend will cheer you up when you are　having　 (have) a bad day.
3.Nowadays, some parts of the Red Flag Canal are open to tourists.Every year thousands of students 　visit　 (visit) the Red Flag Canal Museum.
4.Even if you learn something well, you 　will forget　 (forget) it unless you use it.
5.Mary took a photo of her baby daughter while she 　was sleeping　 (sleep) , and posted it on her blog.
6.My hometown 　has changed　 (change) a lot in the past 20 years.
7.—Jim, could you please answer the question
—Sorry, I wasn’t　listening　 (listen).Could you say it again
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被动语态的用法
语态是动词的一种形式, 表示主语与谓语动词之间的逻辑关系, 分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。
1.各种时态和含情态动词的被动语态
时态 被动语态 例句
一般现在时 am/is/are+动词过去分词 The room is cleaned (by her) every day. 房间每天都(由她)打扫。
一般过去时 was/were+动词过去分词 My car was stolen last night. 我的车昨晚被偷了。
一般将来时 will/shall(第一人称)+be+动词过去分词 Some trees will be planted this week. 本周将会种一些树。
现在完成时 have/has been+动词过去分词 The task has been finished by them. 任务已经被他们完成了。
含情态动词 情态动词+be+动词过去分词 Wasted paper shouldn’t be thrown here. 废纸不应该被扔在这里。
2.主动语态变被动语态的方法
【注意】主动语态中有些感官动词(如hear,see,watch,notice等)和使役动词(如make,let等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,变为被动语态时,要把不定式符号to还原。如:
hear/see sb. do sth. →sb. be heard/seen to do sth.;make sb. do sth. →sb. be made to do sth.
3.使用被动语态的情况
(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。如:
Rice is grown in the south of China. 中国南方种植水稻。
(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者。如:
Smoking isn’t allowed in the gas station. 加油站里不允许吸烟。
(3)需要强调和突出动作的承受者。如:
The new machine was invented by a young worker. 这台新机器是一个年轻的工人发明的。
(4)句子的主语是物。如:
Many houses were washed away by the flood. 许多房屋被洪水冲走了。
4.主动结构表示被动意义的情况
(1)open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, watch, cut, burn, drive等词作不及物动词时,当它们的主语为物时,可用主动结构表示被动意义。如:
This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。
(2)look, sound, taste, smell等感官动词用主动结构表示被动意义。如:
Mooncakes taste very delicious. 月饼尝起来很好吃。
(3)be worth doing用主动形式表示被动意义。如:
This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
(4)want/need/require+doing相当于want/need/require+to be done。to be done为不定式的被动结构。如:
Your car needs washing. =Your car needs to be washed. 你的汽车需要清洗了。
用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1.(2025·江苏连云港中考改编)The mini-programme “Clear Plate” is popular among young people.It 　is designed　 (design) to help deal with food waste.
2.(2025·福建中考改编)China’s Beijing Library 　was named　 (name) “Public Library of the Year” in 2024.
3.(2025·黑龙江绥化中考改编)My father is too tired. Something should
　be done　 (do) to keep him relaxed.
4.(2025·黑龙江中考改编)AI tools will 　be used　 (use) in more fields in the future.
5.The boy cried because the money was 　needed　 (need) to pay for the medical treatment of his sick mother.
诊断·语法过关
一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.My washing machine 　is controlled　 (control) by my smartphone when I’m not at home.
2.It usually 　takes　 (take) about eight minutes for the light to travel from the sun to the earth.
3.It’s said that an airport 　will be built　 (build) in my city in the future.
4.Our classroom is clean and bright.It 　is cleaned　 (clean) by us every day.
5.Every Monday morning, there would be a special show in her class and one student would be 　chosen　 (choose) to make a speech about his or her dream.
6.The teacher was 　explaining　 (explain) the problem when a student raised his hand.
7.—Where is Helen
—I’m not sure.Maybe she 　is having　 (have) her baseball lesson.
8.The photos are beautiful.I wonder where they 　were taken　 (take).
9.I 　have studied　 (study) English for three years and I still need to practice more.
10.They 　were playing　 (play) football on the playground at this time yesterday.
二、语篇填空(语法综合练)
however　factory　pair　make　be known　popular　she　until　for
What kind of shoes do you wear most Perhaps leather (皮制的) shoes or sports shoes. But in ancient China, many people 1.　made　 their own cloth shoes.
Tangchang, a town in Sichuan Province with 700 years of shoemaking history, is 2.　known　 for its cloth shoes. Tangchang cloth shoes were popular in China 3.　until　 the 1980s. There were five Tangchang cloth shoe 4.　factories　 in Chengdu alone. In 2018, Tangchang cloth shoes 5.　were　 added to Sichuan’s intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产)
list. But making cloth shoes is not easy. Growing up in Tangchang, Lai Shufang is a master of making cloth shoes and has been making them 6.　for　 over 40 years. She said that there are 32 steps to make a pair of Tangchang cloth shoes. The job needs patience.
Over the time, sports shoes began to become more 7.　popular　 with customers. Fewer and fewer people choose cloth shoes. To make a living and help the cultural heritage survive, 8.　however　, Lai and her co-workers continued to make cloth shoes and sold them in 9.　her　 store. Ai Peng, Lai’s son, also helps and adds Shu embroidery (蜀绣) to the shoes. They now sell about 10,000 10.　pairs　 of shoes each year. (共45张PPT)
专题六　介词
根据句意填适当的介词以完成句子
1.(2025·福建中考改编)—Do you like sports
—Sure.I am good 　at　 table tennis.
2.(2025·云南中考改编)Most students in our school go home 　by　 bus on weekends.
3.He was proud 　of　 his little sister when she won the speech contest.
4.A bird flew into the kitchen 　through　 the window.
5.The road 　between　 the two cities are newly built.
6.The teacher praised Jess because she did well 　in　 the English test.
选词填空
behind　without　with across　under　against
7.—Shall I help you 　across　 the street,Grandpa
—No, thanks.I can manage it myself.
8.It’s so cold outside.Remember to close the door 　behind　 you when you leave.
9.All roads lead to Rome.The roads are just 　under　 your feet.
10.Our class are much sure to win the basketball game 　against　 Class Three.
11.People in the world should build a community 　with　 a shared future.
12.—Your English is good.Do you have any special ways to learn it
—No.Remember nothing can be learned 　without　 hard work.
思维·考点突破
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时间介词
介词是一类虚词, 不能独立作句子成分, 必须与名词、代词等词类一起构成介词短语, 才可以充当句子成分。
介词 用法 例词/句
in 用于上午、下午、晚上或年、月、季节、世纪等之前 in the morning 在上午
in 2024 在2024年
in March在3月
“in+时间段”表示“在……之后”, 常以现在为起点, 用于一般将来时 There will be more cars in ten years. 十年后将会有更多的小汽车。
介词 用法 例词/句
on 后接具体的节日、日期、星期几或某一天的上午、下午或晚上, 或用于有形容词修饰的某一天等 on September 10th　在9月10日
on the morning of May 1st　在5月1日上午
on a rainy morning　在一个下雨的早上
at 表示某一具体的时刻或短暂的时间点 at six o’clock在6点钟
at noon在中午
at midnight在半夜
by 后接时间时, 表示“不迟于”
(相当于 no later than...) by then 到那时
by 10:00 p.m. 不迟于晚上 10 点钟
介词 用法 例词/句
before 表示“在……之前”, 指动作发生在过去或将来某一时刻之前, 常用于过去完成时和一般将来时, 后面一般接时间点 I’ll get to Australia before 12:00. 我将于 12 点之前到达澳大利亚。
after 表示“在……之后”, 常用于一般将来时和一般过去时 After two years, she entered Peking University. 两年后, 她考入了北京大学。
for 后接一段时间, 常用于完成时态 She has worked here for five years. 她在这儿工作五年了。
介词 用法 例词/句
since 表示“自从……”, 后接(过去的)时间点, 常用于完成时态 I have stayed in China since 1995. 自从1995年以来, 我一直待在中国。
from 表示“从……(时间或地点)
起”, 常与to或till连用 My father goes to work from Monday to Friday. 从星期一到星期五, 我父亲都要去上班。
during 表示“在……期间” I enjoyed myself during the summer vacation. 我在暑假期间玩得很高兴。
until 表示“直到……为止”, 常用于not... until... 表示“直到……才……” I won’t leave until 9:00 a.m. 直到上午9点, 我才会离开。
in, on和at
年月周前要用in, 具体日子要用on;
上午下午要用in, 某日上下午in换on;
at用在时刻前, 亦与正午、午夜连;
黎明终止和开端, at与之紧相伴;
今明昨天前后天, 上下这那每之前,
at, in, on都不填, 此乃习惯记心间。
选词填空
from　after　until　during　since　in　on　at
1.(2025·四川成都中考改编)Xizang opened its first flight to Hong Kong 　on　 February 19th, 2025.
2.For many Western people, they drink cold water even　in　 winter.
3.With the teachers’ help, we have greatly improved ourselves 　since　 we entered junior high schools three years ago.
4.I didn’t leave home 　until　 5 o’clock.
from　after　until　during　since　in　on　at
5.　At　 the beginning of the book, there’s a short introduction to the author.
6.We usually take a vacation 　from　 July to August.
7.He fell asleep 　during　 the movie.
8.Tuesday comes 　after　 Monday.
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方位介词
介词 用法 例词/句
in 在……里面 in the village 在村子里
在较大的地方(国家、城市等) in China在中国
in Beijing在北京
在某地区(包含关系)的某一方位 China is in the east of Asia. 中国在亚洲东部。
on 在(与某地接壤的)某一方位 Sichuan is on the north of Yunnan. 四川在云南的北边。(接壤)
(表示方向)在 on the left/right在左/右边
在……上面(两者有接触面) on the desk在书桌上
介词 用法 例词/句
to 向,朝,到,往 go to Shanghai去上海
在(某地范围之外的某个方位,不接壤) Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国东部。
at 在……(与小地点连用) at No. 15, Jianguo Street在建国街15号
在……旁边 at the table在桌子旁边
under 在……(正)下面 The basketball is under my desk. 篮球在我的书桌下面。
below 在……下面 Please don’t write below this line. 请不要在这条线下面书写。
介词 用法 例词/句
behind 在……后面 Tina stood behind me. 蒂娜站在我身后。
outside 在……外面 You can play sports outside the house. 你可以在房子外边进行体育运动。
inside 在……里面 We have to play inside the house because of the rain. 因为下雨, 我们不得不在屋内玩。
in front
of 在……的前面(指在物体外部的前面) The teacher is standing in front of the students. 老师正站在同学们的前面。
介词 用法 例词/句
in the
front of 在……的前面(指在某一空间内的前面) The teacher is standing in the front of the classroom. 老师正站在教室的前面。
above 在……上方(不一定是正上方) There are some lights above my head. 我的头上方有一些灯。
介词 用法 例词/句
over 在……正上方 There is a bridge over the river. 河上有座桥。
侧重越过一段距离或度过一段时间等 The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across the deserts, over the mountains, through the valleys, till at last it reaches the sea. 长城从西向东蜿蜒而行, 穿过沙漠, 越过高山, 穿过山谷, 最后直达大海。
across “横穿”, 强调从物体表面的一边穿越到另一边
through 指从某个立体空间内穿过
介词 用法 例词/句
between 指介于两者之间;后接三者或三者以上的人或事物时, 指每两者之间, 常与and连用 The boy is sitting between his parents. 这个男孩坐在他父母中间。
among “在……中”,用于三者或三者以上的中间, 通常表示某个范围 The girl walks among the crowds. 这个女孩走在人群中。
beside 在……旁边 The station is beside our school. 车站在我们学校旁边。
介词 用法 例词/句
near 在……附近(距离稍远些) There is a supermarket near my house. 我家附近有一个超市。
against 倚着, 靠着 against the wall靠在墙边
opposite 在……的对面 The bank is opposite the supermarket. 银行在超市的正对面。
beyond 在……更远的一边;超出;非……所能及 The road continues beyond the village up into the hills. 那条路经过村子后又往上延伸到群山中。
选词填空
between　on　in　opposite　among　above
1.(2025·江苏扬州中考改编)The best things 　in　 life are free, like hugs, smiles, love and good memories.
2.He lifted his hands 　above　 his head.
3.　On　 the right of the supermarket is a big city park.
4.The store is 　opposite　 the bank.
5.The little girl is standing 　between　 her father and mother.
6.Tim is a sports star and he is popular 　among　 his classmates.
用适当的介词填空
7.There is a stone bridge 　over　 the river, and it has stood for 100 years.
8.Let’s meet 　at　 the school gate at 3:00 this afternoon.
9.Our classroom is next 　to　 the library.
10.We set up a tent 　by　 the river side and enjoyed the sound of flowing water all night.
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方式介词
介词 用法 例词/句
in 表示“用”某种方式(语言、语调、笔墨、颜色等) Can you sing this song in Chinese 你能用中文唱这首歌吗
in this/that way这样/那样
with 表示“用”某种工具、手段, 一般接具体的工具或手段 I write with a pen. 我用钢笔写字。
介词 用法 例词/句
by 后接交通工具, 表示“乘, 骑” by plane/air乘飞机
by boat乘船
I go there by bus. 我坐公共汽车去那儿。
后接动词的-ing形式, 表示“通过……方式” She makes a living by selling clothes. 她以卖衣服为生。
on 意为“通过, 用”, 表示做事的方式 on foot步行
on the phone打电话
on TV在电视上
through 意为“以, 凭借” You can only achieve success through hard work. 你只有通过努力才能成功。
by, in, on表交通
介词用来表交通, 常把by、in、on来用;
限定复数用in/on, by直通海陆空;
骑马、骑车惯用on, 小轿车前in才通。
选词填空
through　with　as　in　by
1.I prefer to learn English 　by　 watching movies.
2.My mother cut the cake 　with　 a knife and gave me a big piece.
3.They talked 　in　 a low voice in order not to wake up the baby.
4.　Through　 5 months’ hard work, we finally succeeded.
5.My cousin works 　as　 a teacher in a middle school.
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其他介词
介词 用法 例词/句
about 关于;对于 What is your excuse about your being late 你迟到的理由是什么
like 像(用于说明相似关
系, 实际上不是) He talked to me like my father. 他像父亲一样跟我谈话。(他不是我父亲)
look like...看起来像……
as 作为……(后跟表示职业、职务等的名词) He talked to me as a father. 他以父亲的身份跟我说话。(他是我父亲)
介词 用法 例词/句
without 没有 He left without saying a word. 他什么也没说就离开了。
within 在……之内 You should receive a reply within seven days. 你应该在七天之内收到答复。
for 为了(表示目的) I came here for my bag. 我来这儿取包。
of ……的 This is a photo of my family. 这是一张我的全家福。
including 包括 There are ten students, including you. 包括你, 有10个学生。
介词 用法 例词/句
with 和……一起;具有,带
有;随着 I went shopping with Tina. 我和蒂娜去购物了。
against 反对;违背;碰, 撞;逆;以……为背景, 衬托 They are strongly against the idea. 他们强烈反对这个主意。
against one’s will违背某人的意愿
against the wind逆风
against the sky在天空的映衬下
介词 用法 例词/句
except 除……之外(不包括所提及的人或物) Everyone went to the Palace Museum except Bob, because he was ill. 除了鲍勃, 大家都去故宫博物院了, 因为他生病了。(Bob没有去)
besides 除……之外(还)(包括所提及的人或物) Besides Bob, everyone went to the Palace Museum. 除了鲍勃, 大家也去故宫博物院了。(Bob去了)
to 向, 给, 对 He gave it to his sister. 他把它给了他的妹妹。
选词填空
without　including　besides　of like　against　except
1.The T-shirts made 　of　 cotton are quite comfortable.
2.It’s impolite to come in other people’s room 　without　 knocking at the door.
3.I felt a little tired while waiting there, so I stood 　against　 the wall to have a rest.
4.We learn math and English 　besides　 Chinese.
5.Everyone agrees to the plan 　except　 John because he thinks it’s not easy to carry out.
6.He has visited 6 European countries,　including　 Italy and Germany.
7.The boy is jumping in the tree 　like　 a monkey.
without　including　besides　of like　against　except
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介词短语
1.介词与名词的常用搭配
类型 示例
in+名词 in English用英语　in surprise惊奇地
in danger处于危险中　in public公开
in bed在床上　in order有序的
at+名词 at night在夜晚　at present目前
at school在学校　at noon在中午
at work在工作
类型 示例
on+名词 on show在展出　on duty值日,值班
on vacation在度假　on fire着火
of+名词 of importance重要　of value有价值
under+名词 under control在控制中
to+名词 to one’s surprise令某人惊奇的是
by+名词 by hand手工　by bike骑自行车
with+名词 with pleasure愉快地
out of+名词 out of sight看不见
out of danger脱离危险
名词+介词 the answer to... ……的答案
the key to... ……的钥匙
2.介词与动词的常用搭配
类型 示例
动词+in fill in填写　hand in上交
动词+on put on穿上　get on上车
动词+at laugh at嘲笑　shout at冲……大叫
look at看　knock at敲……
动词+to listen to听　get to到达
write to写信给……
动词+of hear of听说　think of认为
类型 示例
动词+for look for寻找　ask for询问
leave for 前往
动词+off get off下车　put off推迟
动词+about talk about谈论　worry about担忧
动词+from learn from向……学习
hear from收到……的来信
动词+with talk with和……谈话　deal with处理
动词+after look after照顾
3.介词与形容词的常用搭配
类型 示例
形容词+in be interested in对……感兴趣
be poor in缺乏……
形容词+at be good at对……擅长
形容词+of be afraid of对……害怕
be full of充满……
be proud of对……感到骄傲
形容词+to be similar to与……相似
be close to与……接近
类型 示例
形容词+from be different from与……不同
be free from免于……
形容词+about be worried about对……担心
形容词+with be strict with对……严格
be busy with忙于……
形容词+for be famous for因……而著名
be good for对……有好处
用适当的介词填空
1.(2025·福建中考改编)Sue looked at her son 　in　 surprise.She couldn’t believe that he won the game.
2.Parents’ behavior can have a great influence 　on　 their children’s character.
3.Many wild animals are 　in　 danger and it’s time for us to do whatever we can to protect them.
4.There are a lot of ways to keep healthy.　For　 example, we can do more exercise and eat less junk food.
5.I took your umbrella 　by　 mistake this morning. I’m sorry about that.
6.My teacher is pleased 　with　 my test results and praised me for it.
7.—Good news! You’ve passed the P.E.test.
—Hooray!To be honest, I was worried 　about　 it.
8.Please pay attention 　to　the safety instructions before we start the experiment.
9.My parents always take pride 　in　 my achievements, no matter how small they are.
10.The letters “PRC” stand 　for　 the People’s Republic of China.
诊断·语法过关
一、用适当的介词填空
1.(2025·江苏扬州中考改编)He wouldn’t allow bad moods to get 　in　 the way when he was doing his job.
2.I am talented 　in　 music, while my best friend is good 　at　 painting.
3.Your dream job is similar 　to　 mine, but different 　from　 Larry’s.
4.He sometimes lied to us. 　As　 a result, no one would believe him.
5.—　In　 my opinion, there must be life on other planets though none has been discovered.
—I agree 　with　 you.The universe is so large after all.
6.—Excuse me.Could you tell me the way 　to　 the bookstore
—Go 　down/along　 this street and turn left at the first crossing.
二、语篇填空(介词专项练)
A
(2025·内蒙古中考改编)
of　from　about　at　with among　over　as　in　for
Joss Naylor is a sheep farmer from the Lake District.1.　Among　 most people, his name means little, but in certain circles, he is known as one of the finest mountain runners to have ever lived.
Joss lives and breathes mountains.He has lived and farmed all his life in an area of the Lake District which has many mountains, including the tallest mountain 2.　in　England.Joss has an almost superhuman ability to run at
speed 3.　over　mountains.However, he wasn’t always a mountain runner.
4.　As　 a young man, he was advised to give up farming because of serious back problems.But, when he was 24, he was tired 5.　of　 being told to take it easy.
Nothing can stop a good man 6.　from　 being better! He continued working and took up running.When he ran his first mountain race, he discovered that he fell in love 7.　with　 it.All his time spent herding(放牧) sheep on the mountains had prepared him for this.
His achievements are nothing short of famous.8.　For　 example, he broke his own record and set a new one.9.　At　 the age of 49, he ran up 214 mountains.“It is a wonderful experience though the practice is very hard,” he said.Many of his runs have raised money for charity, and he is popular in the community.
He keeps writing and sharing his experiences 10.　about　 his climb.“I want people back home—especially family and friends who support me—to get a real feel for what it’s like,” he said.
B
(2025·四川眉山中考改编)
Pink Lily
We are planning to add some food servers to our team.Pink Lily is a 5-star Restaurant.We are looking 11.　for　 friendly and energetic people to join us!
Requirements
1.Team spirit is needed.
2.No experience is OK.We will provide you 12.　with　 training.
3.Part-time positions are open to teens 13.　between　 16 and 18 years old.
Salary
$50—$80 a day
How to apply
We will take applications online at www.pinklily.com 14.　from　 June 15 to June 30, 2025.
We look forward 15.　to　meeting you soon! (共33张PPT)
专题三　形容词和副词
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.(2025·天津中考改编)Lingling is one of the　most helpful　 (helpful) students in my class.She is always ready to offer help.
2.(2025·江西中考改编)After many years of trying, I 　finally　 (final)achieved my dream.
3.(2025·甘肃白银中考改编)　Unexpectedly　 (unexpected), the little girl can speak three languages.
4.Qomolangma is 　higher　 (high) than any other mountain in the world.
5.Elephants are the 　largest　 (large) land animals on earth.
6.I felt 　relaxed　 (relax) lying in the sun on the beach.
7.Have you ever cut your finger on the edge(边缘) of a book page The small cut on the finger is so 　painful　 (pain).
8.Now the Red Flag Canal has 　greatly　 (great)helped the local people by bringing water to them and serves as the lifeline for the county.
9.We decided to fly kites in the park since it was so 　windy　 (wind).
10.The final minutes of the football match were so 　exciting　 (excite) that everyone was on their feet.
思维·考点突破
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形容词
形容词是用来描写或修饰名词的词类, 可以表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征或属性。常用作定语, 也可以作表语、补足语或状语。
1.形容词的句法功能
功能 例句
作定语 He is a clever boy. 他是一个聪明的男孩。
作表语 She is beautiful today. 她今天很漂亮。
作补足语 Warm weather makes me sleepy. 温暖的天气使我感到困倦。
The classroom is always kept clean. 教室总是被保持得很干净。
作状语 He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他回到家, 又饿又累。
2.形容词的特殊用法
(1)部分形容词前加上定冠词the, 泛指“一类人”, 表示复数概念, 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数, 如:The old are in need of help. 老年人需要帮助。
(2)由连字符连接起来的复合形容词中的名词只能用单数形式, 如:a nine-year-old boy一个9岁的男孩。
(3)形容词修饰不定代词时要放在不定代词的后面, 如:something important重要的事情。
(4)enough修饰形容词或副词时, 要放在形容词或副词的后面, 如:good enough足够好。
选单词并用其适当形式填空
interest　relax　hard　sun surprise　good　usual　calm
1.(2025·天津中考改编)When you are in danger, you should keep 　calm　 and try to find some help.
2.(2025·吉林中考改编)It’s a 　good　 way for students to use both sides of paper to avoid waste.
3.There isn’t a cloud in the sky.It’s going to be a 　sunny　 day tomorrow.
4.My little sister said she was 　interested　in reading and writing stories.
interest　relax　hard　sun surprise　good　usual　calm
5.He happened to look into the woman’s shopping basket and was 　surprised　 to see cat food because she didn’t like cat.
6.It’s really 　relaxing　 to listen to soft music.
7.I find the question 　hard　 to answer.I have to ask the teacher for help.
8.Jim has gone to bed This is very 　unusual　.He always stays up late.
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副词
副词是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词, 可以作状语、定语、表语和宾语补足语, 修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句。
1.副词的分类
类型 例词
时间副词 today, early, soon, now, then, still, recently
地点副词 here, there, out, somewhere, home, abroad
方式副词 well, fast, slowly, carefully, quickly
程度副词 very, much, enough, almost, rather, pretty, quite
类型 例词
频度副词 always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never
疑问副词(词组) where, how, why, how much, how long, how often, how far
连接副词 when, where, why, how, however, therefore
评论副词 generally, luckily, unluckily, fortunately, unfortunately, honestly, hopefully, happily, unhappily, patiently
其他副词 yes, no, certainly, sure, surely, really
2.副词的句法功能
功能 例句
作定语 The river here is clear. 这里的河水很清澈。
作表语 The radio is on. 收音机是开着的。
作宾语
补足语 We found Li Hua out when we arrived. 当我们到的时候,我们发现李华出去了。
作状语 I like the book very much. 我非常喜欢这本书。
The problem is really difficult. 这个问题真的很棘手。
He does his homework carefully. 他认真地写作业。
Suddenly, a car stopped. 突然, 一辆车停下了。
3.形容词变副词的规则
变化规则 例词
直接加-ly careful→carefully
quiet→quietly
以-le结尾的词, 去e加-y possible→possibly
terrible→terribly
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词, 变y为i加-ly easy→easily
happy→happily
去e加-ly true→truly
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.It’s noisy outside, and I can’t hear you 　clearly　 (clear).
2.Look! The kids are running 　happily　 (happy) in the snow.
3.—He is so humorous and kind.All his students love him.
—　Exactly　 (exact).He is my favorite teacher.
4.She 　truly　 (true) believes that kindness can change the world.
5.He felt 　terribly　 (terrible) sorry for forgetting his friend’s birthday.
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形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成
1.规则变化
类别 构成方法 例词(原级→比较级→最高级)
单音节
和部分
双音节
单词 一般在词尾加-er, -est high→higher→highest
以不发音的字母e结尾的词,在词尾加-r, -st large→larger→largest
nice→nicer→nicest
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词, 双写词尾再加-er, -est big→bigger→biggest
thin→thinner→thinnest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词, 变y为i, 再加-er, -est ugly→uglier→ugliest
busy→busier→busiest
类别 构成方法 例词(原级→比较级→最高级)
其他双音节和多音节单词 在词前加more, most careful→more careful→most careful
important→more important→most important
2.不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly/ill worse worst
little less least
many/much more most
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.The square in our town is much 　noisier　 (noise) than before, especially in the morning.
2.When Helen won a prize in the English competition, she believed she was the 　happiest　 (happy) girl in the world.
3.Actions speak 　louder　 (loud) than words.
4.Helen has been doing sports for a week.Now she is a little 　thinner　 (thin) than before.
5.Sometimes the 　wisest　 (wise) choice is to stay silent rather than argue unnecessarily.
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形容词和副词的比较等级
等级 结构 含义 例句
原
级 A+系动词/实义动词+as+原级+as+B A和B一样…… Tom is as tall as Mark. 汤姆和马克一样高。
A+系动词/实义动词+not+as/so+原级+as+B A不如B那么…… He doesn’t study as/so hard as his brother. 他不如他的弟弟学习努力。
A+系动词/实义动词+倍数+as+原级+as+B A是B的……倍 My room is twice as big as his. 我的房间是他房间的两倍大。
等级 结构 含义 例句
比
较
级 A+系动词/实义动词+比较级+than+B A比B更…… Man-made wonders are more exciting than natural ones. 人造景观比自然景观更令人惊叹。
the+比较级, the+比较级 越……,
越…… The harder you work, the better you will be. 越努力, 越优秀。
等级 结构 含义 例句
比
较
级 比较级+and+比较级(注意:若比较级是在原级前面加more构成,则用“more and more+原级”表示“越来越……”) 越来越…… The days are getting longer and longer in summer. 夏天, 白昼变得越来越长。
Which/Who+系动词/实义动词+比较级, A or B (注意:表示两者之间进行选择) A和B哪一个/谁更…… Which is longer, this one or that one 哪一个更长, 这个还是那个
倍数+比较级+than 几倍于…… Tony runs three times faster than me. 托尼跑得比我快三倍。
等级 结构 含义 例句
最
高
级 A+be+one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数 A是最……
之一 Lao She is one of the greatest Chinese writers of the twentieth century. 老舍是20世纪最伟大的中国作家之一。
A+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词单数+范围 A是……中第几最…… She is the second tallest girl in our class. 她是我们班第二高的女孩。
等级 结构 含义 例句
最
高
级 Which/Who+系动词/实义动词+(the+)最高级, A, B or C (注意:表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择) A、B、C中哪一个最…… Who is the tallest, Daming, Tony or Alice 谁是最高的, 大明、托尼还是艾丽斯
A+be+比较级+than any other+名词单数 A比其他任何……要…… He is taller than any other student in his class. 他比他班里的任何一个同学都高。
(1)修饰形容词、副词原级的词:very, so, too, enough, quite等。
(2)修饰形容词、副词比较级的词:a little, a bit, a few, a lot, much, even, still, far, rather, any等。
(3)形容词的最高级前必须加定冠词the, 副词的最高级前可以不用。句末常接in、of或among表示比较的范围。
(4)当形容词的最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时, 此时不再用the。如:Monday is our busiest day. 周一是我们最繁忙的一天。
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.The harder you work, the　luckier　 (lucky) you will be!
2.Expressions such as “LOL” and “hahaha” are making our speech more direct but 　less　 (little) interesting and creative.
3.Miho is the 　youngest　 (young) student because she was born later than anyone else in her class.
4.—It’s cold today.I can’t stand it.I hope tomorrow won’t be so cold.
—I can’t, either.But the radio says it will be even 　colder　 (cold) tomorrow.
5.—The stunt man is planning to walk on the wings of a flying plane.
—What I’ve never heard of a　crazier　 (crazy) idea before.
6.It’s said that the summer of 2025 is the 　hottest　 (hot) ever.
7.With each passing day, the wind blew 　harder　 (hard) and harder, making it difficult to walk outside.
8.This is the 　most interesting　 (interesting) story that I have ever heard.
诊断·语法过关
一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.(2025·四川遂宁中考改编)A new term is coming.Susan is making a plan 　carefully　 (careful) to improve her study.
2.Steve is the 　tallest　 (tall) student in our class.
3.In summer, it often rains 　heavily　 (heavy) with strong winds in Southern China.
4.Which is more 　valuable　 (value) to you, health or wealth
5.Nowadays online courses are becoming as 　popular　 (popular) as those learned in classes at school.
6.They are celebrating the National Youth Day to get an even 　deeper　 (deep) understanding of our country’s history.
7.—Our class won first in the school basketball game yesterday.
—Yes.That made us very 　excited　 (excite).
8.Our country now has the　longest　 (long) high-speed rail network in the world.
9.—Why don’t you get yourself a job
—That’s 　easier　 (easy) said than done.
10.—What do you think of Wilson’s speaking
—No one does 　better　 (well) in our school.
二、语篇填空(形容词、副词专项练)
amaze　natural　big　excite　impress live　especial　difference　probable　well
After a few days in Venice we took the train to Florence and my sister left back to the US. It was hard to say goodbye but we were 1.　excited　 to go to Cinque Terre! This is 2.　probably　 the most 3.　naturally　 beautiful place I have ever been. There are five small towns that lie along the bay of the Mediterranean Sea. It is so beautiful! You can hike between the five
4.　different　 trails that look over the water. The trails are no joke and some have been pretty hard 5.　especially　 in the heat of the day. Today we saw a
amaze　natural　big　excite　impress
live　especial　difference　probable　well
blind woman holding on to her husband’s backpack from behind doing one of the hardest hikes. It was very 6.　impressive　 that she had the courage and strength to do it. My mom was complaining about her knees before that because they often hurt. However, after she saw the blind woman, she said she had nothing to say. Every day we have spent hiking, swimming, and eating lots of 7.　good　 seafood. We are staying in Vernazza and yesterday we lay on the beach in Monterosso which is the 8.　biggest　 town and most
9.　lively　. I have had a(n) 10.　amazing　 time hiking and swimming every day. Tomorrow we are off to Paris, France for a week! Our last destination (目的地) of my trip. (共25张PPT)
专题五　数词
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.(2025·四川达州中考改编)—When are you going on holiday
—I’m not sure, perhaps the 　second　 (two) week in July.
2.(2025·黑龙江绥化中考改编)It’s well known that December is the 　twelfth　 (twelve) month of a year.
3.Candy likes stamps very much.She has collected about two 　hundred　 (hundred) stamps from different countries so far.
4.It is known that three 　fourths　 (four) of the earth is covered with water.
5.My grandma is in her 　seventies　 (seventy), but she doesn’t look her age.
6.　Hundreds　 (hundred) of students in my school worked as volunteers to hand out food and drink after the flood hit our city this summer.
7.My cousin is 9 years old, and he has just spent his 　ninth　 (nine) birthday.
8.Many people took part in the marathon, and the 　first　 (one) runner finished in 2 hours.
9.Mrs.Green has two daughters, but she still wants to have a 　third　 (three) child.
10.On New Year’s Eve, 　thousands　 (thousand) of lanterns are lit up along the river, creating a beautiful scene.
思维·考点突破
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基数词
表示数目或数量多少的词称为基数词。
1.基数词的构成
范围 规律 例词
1~12 无规律 one 1, two 2, three 3, ten 10, eleven 11, twelve 12
13~19 以-teen结尾 thirteen 13, fifteen 15,eighteen 18
20~90之间的
整十数 以-ty结尾 twenty 20, thirty 30,forty 40, sixty 60,
seventy 70, ninety 90
21~99之间的
几十几 十位数与个位数之间加连字符 twenty-one 21, thirty-two 32,
forty-three 43, fifty-four 54
范围 规律 例词
101~999 基数词+hundred+and+整十位数+连字符+个位数(若十位数为0, 则在百位数和个位数之间加and) two hundred and fifty-nine 259, seven hundred and sixty-seven 767, five hundred and six 506
千位数
以上 从数字的右端向左端数起, 每三位数加一个逗号“,”。从右开始, 第一个“,”前的数字后添加thousand, 第二个“,”前的数字后添加 million, 第三个“,”前的数字后添加billion seventeen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four　17, 250, 064,
five billion, three hundred and thirty-six million, one hundred and sixty-five thousand, two hundred and thirty-four
5, 336, 165, 234
2.基数词的用法
用法 例词
表示编号和顺序,结构:“名词+基数词”,首字母大写 Page Eight/8 第八页
表示时刻。几点过几分,用past;几点差几分,用to five to eleven 10:55, a quarter past four 4:15
表示年代,结构:in the+年份复数 in the 1980s 在20世纪80年代
表示年龄,结构:“基数词+years old”;“at the age of+基数词”;“in one’s+整十数复数” 20 years old 20岁, at the age of 20 在20岁时,in her fifties 在她50多岁时
用法 例词
“基数词+连字符+名词单数”构成复合形容词 a five-minute walk
5分钟的步行
“基数词+more”=“another+基数词”, 意为“再……, 又……” one more question=another one question又一个问题
根据汉语提示完成句子
1.They plan to stay in Shanghai for 　one　 　and　 　a　 　half　 　hours　 (一个半小时).
2.I’m in 　Class　 　Two/2　, 　Grade　 　Seven/7　 (七年级二班).
3.Let’s meet at 　a　 　quarter　 　past　 　two　 (2点15) this afternoon.
4.I’m going to stay here for 　another　 　two　 　weeks　(再两周).
5.The hospital is about 　fifteen　 　minutes’　 　walk　 (步行15分钟的路程) from here.
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序数词
表示事物顺序的词称为序数词。
1.序数词的构成
范围 规律 例词
第一, 第二, 第三 无规律 first (1st), second (2nd), third (3rd)
第4~第19 在基数词基础上加
-th(5, 8, 9, 12除外) fourth, eleventh, seventeenth; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth
整十的序数词(10除外) 将基数词词尾y改成i,再加-eth twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth, ninetieth
第21~第99之间的第几十几 把基数词的个位数改为序数词 sixty-seventh,twenty-first
2.序数词的用法
用法 例词/句
序数词前要加冠词the the first day第一天
序数词前有名词所有格、形容词性物主代词等限定词时, 不加冠词the This is my first computer. 这是我的第一台电脑。
序数词前加不定冠词a/an表示“又一, 再一” I want to try a second time. 我想再试一次。
表示物品编号时, 序号在前用序数词, “the+序数词+名词”=“名词+基数词” The First Lesson=Lesson One第一课
表示“多少世纪” in the twenty-first century 在21世纪
表示“某人的……岁生日” my twentieth birthday我的20岁生日
表示具体日期的“几号” on 30th May在5月30日
用括号内所给单词或短语的适当形式填空
1.This is my 　first　 (one) time to visit the Great Wall.
2.Seven 　tenths　 (ten) of the team members agreed with the new plan.
3.My sister will have her 　twelfth　 (twelve) birthday next week.
4.He finished the 　third　 (three) task in just ten minutes.
5.The 　twentieth　 (twenty) student in the line is my best friend.
6.The Yellow River is the 　second　 (two) longest river in China.
7.The 　twenty-fifth　 (twenty-five) lesson is about environmental protection.
8.They will hold a party on the 　one hundredth　 (one hundred) anniversary(周年纪念日) of the school.
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概数词
当hundred, thousand, million, billion等词前有具体数字或有many, few, several等词修饰时,用单数形式, 后面直接加名词复数, 表示确切的数目, 如:five million people五百万人。
当hundred, thousand, million, billion等词的复数形式和of连用时, 表示不确切的数目, 如:thousands of birds成千上万的鸟。
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Every year during the Spring Festival travel rush in China,　thousands　 (thousand) of trains and buses are running to transport people home.
2.　Hundreds　 (hundred)of volunteers joined the environmental protection project, cleaning up the polluted beaches.
3.The development of the space industry has attracted 　millions　 (million) of enthusiasts to pay attention to space exploration news.
4.The new stadium can hold two 　hundred　 (hundred) more people than the old one after its being rebuilt.
考点1
考点2
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考点4
其他数词(分数、百分数、倍数)
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.About two 　fifths　(five) of my classmates help their parents do housework on weekends.
2.Lily was angry because Jerry ate 　two　(two) thirds of her twelve apples secretly. Now she has only four left.
单项选择
3.〔跨学科·数学〕Look at the picture below. According to a survey among one hundred foreigners in Zhenjiang, 　C　 of them come because they do business here.
A.forty-five B.twenty-two
C.eighteen D.fifteen
诊断·语法过关
一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.First, she said she was interested in reading and writing stories.　Second　 (two), she said she liked history.　Third　 (three), she said she enjoyed chemistry.
2.The Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated on the　fifth　 (five) day of May of the lunar calendar.
3.The Teachers’ Day falls on September 　tenth　 (ten) every year in China.
4.My father will have his　fortieth　 (forty) birthday tomorrow.Our family will have a big dinner to celebrate it.
5.Women’s Day is on the 　eighth　 (eight) of March.
6.In the survey, two 　thirds　 (three) of the students said they spend more than an hour a day on physical exercise.
7.My sister is 　twelve　 years old.Today is her 　twelfth　 birthday. (twelve)
8.There are 　hundreds　 (hundred) of students playing sports on the playground.
二、语篇填空(语法综合练)
(2025·重庆中考改编)
when　make　cause　two　kind much　he　study　boy　learn
When you make a mistake or say something wrong, it’s easy to be hard on yourself.Then stress is 1.　caused　.Feelings of anger, disappointment and sadness come along.That’s why such stress needs to be dealt with.
Max, a 14-year-old 2.　boy　, used to be very competitive and always felt stressed.Now he is 3.　learning　 to give himself care and kindness.When he doesn’t win or get the top marks, he talks to 4.　himself　, “It’s OK not to be perfect.” He knows he always does his best and that is enough.
when　make　cause　two　kind much　he　study　boy　learn
What Max does is called self-compassion(自我和解).With self-compassion, you treat yourself 5.　kindly　 like a friend.It allows you to forgive(原谅) yourself 6.　when　 you mess up or fail.After feelings of guilt(愧疚) go away, you get 7.　more　 relaxed and you can think more clearly.This way self-compassion makes you move forward.Many 8.　studies　 have shown it is of great help.
However, some disagree.They argue that self-compassion leads people to be less active.But Breines and Chen’s study had a different result.They gave
students a difficult word test.The students were given the chance to study for a 9.　second　 test.They found those who were compassionate toward their failure spent more time preparing.
when　make　cause　two　kind much　he　study　boy　learn
Experts suggest that you should do something you like to 10.　make　 yourself feel at peace and use a “gentle touch” like placing one or both hands on your heart to feel safe and loved. (共22张PPT)
专题十一　简单句的基本句型
单项选择
1.As we know, teenagers aren’t allowed to smoke.(选出画线部分所作成分)　B　
A.主语 B.谓语 C. 宾语 D.表语
2.The teacher said that he would go there on time.(选出画线部分所作成分)　A　
A.宾语 B.主语 C.表语 D.谓语
3.He often gives gifts to people in need.(选出画线部分所作成分)　A　
A.定语 B.宾语 C.状语 D.表语
4.The boy felt excited because his team won the football game.(选出画线部分所作成分)　C　
A.状语 B.补语 C.表语 D.定语
5.The sentence structure of “His face turned pale.” is 　D　.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+IO+DO
C.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+P
6.We often hear the birds singing happily in the trees.(选出画线部分所作成分)　D　
A.谓语 B.定语 C.状语 D.宾补
思维·考点突破
考点1
考点2
句子成分
句子成分 用法 例句
主语 句子中说明全句中心主题的部分, 即要说明的人或物。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或(主语)从句充当,它的位置一般在句首 They are good friends.他们是好朋友。
谓语 说明主语的动作或存在的状态,是什么,做什么,怎么样,由简单动词或者动词短语构成。一般位于主语之后,有时态、语态和语气的变化,并受主语人称和数的影响 He studies hard.
他学习努力。
句子成分 用法 例句
宾语 动作、行为的对象,即动作的承受者。它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么,在谓语之后,由名词、代词、短语、不定式、动名词、(宾语)从句充当 He often helps me.
他经常帮助我。
表语 说明主语的身份、性质、特征、状态、职业、 内容、方向或处所等。表语位于系动词后面,由名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、短语或者(表语)从句充当 Everybody is here.
每个人都在这里。
句子成分 用法 例句
宾语
补足语 在宾语后面加上宾语补足语表达完整的意思,起补充说明宾语做什么怎么样的作用。它可以由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语等充当 We found John out when we arrived. 当我们到达的时候,我们发现约翰出去了。
状语 用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、 目的等。一般由副词、介词短语充当,也可由(状语)从句来充当 In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. 为了赶上我的同学,我必须努力学习。
句子成分 用法 例句
定语 用来修饰名词或代词。汉语中常用“……的”表示。单独的一个词作定语时,通常位于被修饰的成分前。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、从句等都可以充当定语 The boy in the room is Jack. 房间里的男孩是杰克。
同位语 对句子中某一成分作进一步解释或补充说明,与其前名词或代词在语法上处于同等地位。名词、代词、数词或从句等都可以充当同位语 Yesterday I met Tom,a friend of my brother’s. 昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。
句子成分划分口诀
主在前,谓中间,宾语、状语后面赶。
短语定语主宾后,形、代作定主宾前。
间宾、直宾紧相依,to/for来把直/间连。
宾补位于宾语后,地状常在实状前。
写出画线部分在句子中的成分
1.There was a writing class yesterday afternoon.　主语　
2.She doesn’t want you to work too hard.　谓语　
3.He asks if we will go fishing on Sunday.　宾语　
4.The girl with the smile has become my best friend now.　定语　
5.My father bought me a very good bike on my birthday. 　状语　
考点1
考点2
基本句型
说明:S=subject(主语),V=verb(动词),O=object(宾语),P=predicative(表语), C=complement(补语),OC=object complement(宾语补语),IO=indirect object(间接宾语),DO=direct object(直接宾语)。
基本句型 例句
主语+谓语(不及物动词)(+状语).
(S+V) It rained heavily last night. 昨晚雨下得很大。
主语+系动词+表语(+状语).
(S+V+P) He is a teacher.他是一位老师。
基本句型 例句
主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(+状语).
(S+V+O) My uncle bought a car last week. 我的叔叔上周买了一辆车。
主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补语(+状语).
(S+V+O+OC) They think the job very easy. 他们认为这份工作很简单。
主语+谓语(双宾动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语(+状语).
(S+V+IO+DO) I showed him my passport. 我给他看了我的护照。
基本句型 例句
there be
句型 肯定句:There be+主语+状语 There are some birds in the tree. 树上有一些鸟。
否定句:There be+not/no+主语+状语 There isn’t any water in the glass. 玻璃杯里没有任何水了。
一般疑问句:Be+there+主语+状语 Is there any water in the glass 玻璃杯里有水吗
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词(组)+主语+be+there+状语 How many students are there in your class 你们班里有多少名学生
【注意】辨析存现句与have:存现句强调某地有某物,不表示所属关系;have表示所属关系,强调某人或某地拥有某物。存现句不能和have(有)同时使用,如:
There is going to have a basketball game this afternoon.( × )
There is going to be a basketball game this afternoon. ( √ )
写出下列简单句的基本句型
1.The young man fishes by the river.　S+V　
2.Our teacher told us a story yesterday.　S+V+IO+DO　
3.The boy is very popular in our school.　S+V+P　
4.My father asks me to go swimming with him.　S+V+O+OC　
5.He made a kite by himself last week.　S+V+O　
6.There is one glass of milk on the table.　there be 句型　
诊断·语法过关
一、补全对话
A: Hi! Here is some good news! We’ll have a three-day holiday.
B: You mean the May Day holiday Great!
1.　Do you have any plans for it/Do you have a plan　
A: Yes, I’m making a plan to work in a history museum.
B: Really I did that last summer holiday.
A:2.　How do you like it/What do you think of it　
B: It was meaningful and I have learned a lot.
A: 3.　What did they ask you to do/What did you do　
B: I did things like cleaning the glass, or just standing there to see if anyone needs help.
A: Sounds a little boring. What else did you do
B: 4.　I also talked with visitors and answered their questions/I also helped the visitors in need/I helped the people find the way　.
A: That sounds interesting.
B: Yeah, I really think it is a good way to spend your holiday. You will have fun there.
A: 5.　I think so/You’re right/I agree　.
Thank you for sharing your experience with me.
B: You’re welcome! See you later.
A: See you.
二、语篇填空
(2025·河南平顶山一模)
There are many types of home robots on the market today.They can perform many tasks, such as carrying drink and playing music.The robots can also be used to do chores and more.Do you think having home robots is 1.　a　 good idea
Brian
Yes! Home robots can help out with chores around the house.This gives people more time 2.　to　 do the things they enjoy.The robots can also make people feel safer in their homes.For example, it can warn the owner when
3.　there　 is a water leak(漏水) or a broken window.It can keep an eye on pets or young children.What’s more, the robots also help us stay in touch.
No! Doing housework is a good way for us to stay active and healthy.If home robots do everything 4.　for　 us, we will become lazy.Even worse, we will forget how to do certain tasks.5.　If　 the robot breaks down,
we may not be able to clean our home or cook for ourselves.Lots
of people already rely(依赖) on phones for navigation(导航) and
can’t read maps.
Kate(共35张PPT)
专题九　构词法
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.(2025·黑龙江中考改编)Music is part of my life.In my opinion, life without music would be empty and 　meaningless　 (meaning).
2.She showed great 　courage　 (encourage) in facing the challenge.
3.My parents and I often 　disagree　 (agree) about my choice of music, but we respect each other’s opinions.
4.Dehong is a beautiful place with 　friendly　 (friend) people and delicious food.
5.The secret to getting on well with others is to express your feelings 　clearly　 (clear).
6.Although people can read books online now, many 　readers　 (read) still like reading in the library.
7.After an hour’s waiting, he became 　impatient　 (patient) and began to complain.
8.It’s 　dangerous　 (danger) to cross the road without looking both ways first.
9.Be 　careful　 (care) not to spill the hot coffee on your new shirt.
思维·考点突破
考点1
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考点3
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合成法
由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词, 这种构词法叫作合成法。
类型 例词
合成
名词 名词+名词 classroom教室　
weekend周末
名词+动名词 handwriting书法
形容词+名词 highway公路
shorthand速记(法)
副词+动词 outbreak爆发　
output输出
类型 例词
合成
名词 动词+名词 playground 操场
typewriter 打字机
介词+名词 overcoat 大衣
afternoon 下午
名词+动词 daybreak 破晓
sunrise日出 sunset日落
动词+副词 breakfast早餐
countdown倒计时
类型 例词
合成
形容词 形容词+名词+-ed kind-hearted 热心的
cold-blooded 冷血的
名词+形容词 color-blind色盲的
homesick 想家的
形容词/副词+动名词 good-looking 好看的
English-speaking说英语的
数词+名词+-ed three-legged 三脚的
one-eyed 独眼的
名词+过去分词 handmade 手工做的
heartfelt 衷心的
副词+过去分词 well-known著名的
newly-built 新建的
数词+名词 ten-day十天的
类型 例词
合成
动词 副词+动词 underline 在……下面画线　overthrow推翻
名词+动词 sleepwalk梦游
形容词+动词 blacklist将……列入黑名单
合成
副词 介词+名词 upstairs 在楼上
outdoors 在户外
副词+副词 however 无论如何
whenever 无论何时
代词+名词 sometimes 有时
someday 有朝一日
副词+介词 thereafter 此后
therein在那里
类型 例词
合成
代词 代词+名词 herself 她自己
myself我自己
themselves他/她/它们自己
单项选择
1.Which word is formed in the same way as “weekend” 　D　
A.unable B.invention
C.helpless D.noticeboard
2.Which of the following is NOT a compound word (复合词) 　A　
A.peaceful B.wartime
C.hard-working D.blackboard
考点1
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考点3
考点4
派生法
在一个单词前面或后面加上词缀构成新单词, 这种构词法叫作派生法。
1.常见前缀(prefix)
(1)表示否定的前缀
前缀 例词
un- unable 不能的　unluckily不幸地
il- illegal 违法的　illogical不合逻辑的
im- impolite 无礼的　impossible 不可能的
in- informal 非正式的　independent 独立的
前缀 例词
ir- irregular 不规则的
irresponsible 不负责任的
non- non-smoker 不吸烟者　non-stop 直达的
dis- disadvantage 缺点;劣势　dislike不喜欢
mis- misunderstand 误解　mislead 误导
(2)有特定意思的前缀
前缀 意义 例词
anti- 反对;防 antiwar 反对战争的
antibody 抗体
auto- 自动的;自己的 automatic 自动的
autobiography 自传
inter- 在……之间,
相互 international 国际的
Internet 互联网
micro- 微小的 microscope 显微镜
mini- 小型的 minibus 小型公共汽车
miniskirt迷你裙;超短裙
前缀 意义 例词
over- 过于;上面, 上方 oversleep 睡过头
overhead 在头顶上方
pre- 在……之前;预先 prewar战前的
preview预习
re- 重新; 再次 review复习
recycle回收利用
sub- 在……下面 subway地铁
submarine潜水艇
super- 超级, 超 supermarket超市
superstar 超级巨星
前缀 意义 例词
tele- 远的 television电视
telephone电话
trans- 横穿; 通过; 进入 transport交通运输系统
under- 在……下面;
不足 underground地下的
undergraduate大学(本科)生
构成方式 例词
a-加在名词前, 构成形容词或副词 asleep睡着的
aside在旁边
be-加在名词前, 构成动词 befriend以朋友态度对待
behead将……斩首
em-加在名词前, 构成动词 embed (使)嵌入,融入
empower授权
构成方式 例词
en-加在名词前, 构成动词 endanger危及
encourage鼓励
en-加在形容词前, 构成动词 enrich使富裕
enlarge扩大
enable使可能
2.常见后缀(suffix)
后缀 例词
形容词后缀 -ful helpful有帮助的　peaceful和平的　wonderful美好的
-less careless粗心的　useless无用的
-ly friendly友好的　lonely 孤独的
-en wooden木制的　golden金色的
-y foggy有雾的　wealthy有钱的,富有的
-ous dangerous危险的　disastrous灾难性的
-ed interested感兴趣的　excited激动的, 兴奋的
-ing interesting有趣的　exciting令人激动的,令人兴奋的　amazing惊人的
后缀 例词
形容词后缀 -some tiresome烦人的　handsome英俊的
-ish foolish 愚蠢的　childish 孩子气的
-al natural自然的　traditional传统的　central中心的
-ic/-ical electric电的　medical 医学的　historical历史的
后缀 例词
动词后缀 -en brighten使变亮　deepen加深
-ize/-ise apologize/-ise道歉
realize/-ise实现
-ify simplify 使简易　purify净化
副词后缀 -ly completely完全地　directly直接地
terribly很, 非常
-ily happily开心地　easily容易地
-ward(s) forward(s) 向前地　afterward(s) 后来
后缀 例词
名词后缀 -dom freedom 自由　wisdom智慧
-er worker工人　farmer农民　teacher教师　driver司机
-or actor 男演员　visitor 参观者, 游客
-ist dentist牙医　scientist科学家
-ess actress女演员　waitress女服务员
-hood neighbourhood邻居　childhood童年
-ment development发展　government政府
-(i)ness sadness伤心　illness 疾病　happiness幸福
-ion discussion讨论　election选举　action行动
后缀 例词
名词后缀 -tion attention注意力　invention发明
-th growth成长　length长度
-y honesty诚实　inquiry调查
-ese Chinese中国人　Japanese日本人
-ian musician音乐家　Russian俄罗斯人
-ship friendship友谊　leadership领导地位
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.The 　winners　 (win) each were given a CD by that famous singer.
2.You should take an active part in the 　discussion　 (discuss).
3.Jerry played the guitar on the show, and his 　performance　 (perform)was so wonderful that people cheered happily.
4.The teacher always treats every student with 　fairness　 (fair), never showing favoritism.
5.The hard chair made her feel 　uncomfortable　 (comfortable) after sitting for hours.
6.We can 　possibly　 (possible) finish the project by Friday if everyone works hard.
7.This small shop sells a lot of 　inexpensive　 (expensive) but good-quality clothes.
8.Scientists hope to 　discover　 (cover) a cure for this disease in the near future.
9.The winner of the singing 　competition　 (compete) received a trophy(奖杯) and a cash prize.
10.She is always 　active　 (act) in class, often raising her hand to answer questions.
考点1
考点2
考点3
考点4
转化法
一个单词由一种词性转换为另一种词性, 这种构词法叫作转化法。
词性转化 例词
名词转化成动词 rain n. 雨→v.下雨;book n.书→v.预订;
water n.水→v.给……浇水;park n.公园→v.停车
形容词转化成动词 clean adj.清洁的→v.使干净;dry adj.干燥的→v.把……弄干;open adj.打开的;开放的→v.打开;开始营业
形容词转化成名词 daily adj.日常的→n.日报
final adj.最后的→n.决赛
词性转化 例词
动词转化成名词 smell v.嗅,闻→n.气味
talk v.讨论→n.交谈
副词转换为动词 down adv. 向下→v.打倒, 击倒
选单词并用其适当形式填空
cook　finally　park　water　matter
1.What　matters　 most is that the person is good at singing and speaks English fluently.
2.Mr.Wei works as a　cook　in a big restaurant.
3.Mum is 　watering　 flowers with water in the garden.
4.You can　park　 the car in the parking lot next to the park.
5.Our team practiced day and night, determined to give our best performance in the basketball 　final　.
考点1
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考点3
考点4
缩写和简写
类型 方法 例词
剪切法 截去原词的开头部分 bicycle→cycle自行车
airplane→plane飞机
去掉原词的末尾部分 taxicab→taxi出租车
laboratory→lab实验室
截去原词的开头和末尾的部分词 refrigerator→fridge 冰箱
混成法 保留原来两词各自的一部分 smoke+fog=smog烟雾
类型 方法 例词
首字母
缩略法 保留多个单词的第一个字母 World Trade Organization
=WTO世界贸易组织
World Health Organization
=WHO世界卫生组织
United Nations=UN联合国
World Wildlife Fund=WWF世界自然基金会
Unidentified Flying Object=UFO不明飞行物
诊断·语法过关
一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.It was an 　unlucky　 (lucky) day for me—I failed the exam and lost my keys.
2.She 　dislikes　 (like) rainy days because they make her feel sad.
3.Mozart was a famous 　musician　 (music) in the world.
4.The computer is one of the greatest 　inventions　 (invent) in the 20th century.
5.Peach Fuzz, colour of the year for 2024, reminds us a 　feeling　 (feel) of warmth.
6.My grandma is very kind, and she always treats others with 　kindness　 (kind).
7.He is a 　famous　 (fame) writer whose books are popular around the world.
8.It’s 　impolite　 (polite) to speak loudly in public places.
9.The 　discovery　 (discover) of this new medicine will help many patients.
二、语篇填空(构词法练习)
(2025·湖北中考改编)
create　visit　imagination　easy　amaze　color　ice　surprise　light　sun
Would you rather live where it snows in winter or enjoy warm sunshine all year round Some people prefer 1.　sunny　 weather.They think cold winters can be hard because short days make them sleepy and sad.The cold makes them stay inside, exercise less, and get sick 2.　easily　.However, people in cold places find fun ways to enjoy winter!
create　visit　imagination　easy　amaze　color　ice　surprise　light　sun
In Harbin, China, the Snow and Ice Festival starts in January and lasts until March.Artists cut ice from the Songhua River and build tall sculptures(雕塑) that are lit with 3.　colorful　 lights.By late December, 4.　visitors　 come to see this icy world filled with ice artworks and shining buildings.The beauty 5.　surprises　 them although it’s very cold!
In Quebec, Canada, there’s an 6.　amazing　 Ice Hotel that is made of 2,300 ice blocks and 15,000 tons of snow! People love staying in its 7.　icy　rooms for a special winter experience.
create　visit　imagination　easy　amaze　color　ice　surprise　light　sun
Even kids in Sweden can enjoy making snow lanterns called Snolykta. They first make large snowballs, and then put candles inside to create warm lights.These simple lanterns 8.　light　 up the dark winter nights.
These 9.　creative　 traditions show how people turn cold winter challenges into beauty and joy! With 10.　imagination　, they make winter fun for everyone.Although it’s cold, there are so many fun ways to enjoy this special season. (共37张PPT)
专题十四　复合句
选词填空
though　when　where　if why　how　whether
1.(2025·四川达州中考改编)—Excuse me.Could you tell me 　how　 I can get to the library
—Sure.Go straight and turn left at the end of the road.You can find it.
2.(2025·云南中考改编)—Tom, could you please tell me 　when　you joined the basketball club
—Last month.
though　when　where　if why　how　whether
3.(2025·四川遂宁中考改编)—Could you please tell me 　where　 I can find a quiet place to read
—Certainly, there is a modern library on Binjiang Road.You can find different kinds of books here.
4.(2025·安徽中考改编)—Mom, could you tell me 　why　 we used to visit my grandparents every week
—They will be happy to see us.
5.(2025·黑龙江绥化中考改编)—What did Peter say to you just now, Kate
—He asked me 　whether　 I joined the music club or not.
though　when　where　if why　how　whether
6.—Did you win the game yesterday
—Not really.　Though　 we all try our best, we lost it.
7.　If　 you keep moving forward even when
it’s hard, you’ll eventually reach the place where your efforts shine.
盲填
8.(2025·四川成都中考改编)Xu Dawei wants to pass the Civilian Mobile Library on to his son so 　that　 it can stay open forever.
9.(2025·天津中考改编)—Could you tell me 　what　 you are reading
—Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.
10.(2025·黑龙江绥化中考改编)—Did you watch the most exciting dance 　that　 was performed by robots during the Spring Festival Gala of the Year of the Snake
—Yes, it was amazing.
11.(2025·四川达州中考改编)—What kind of music do you like
—I like music 　that/which　 I can dance to. When I hear the songs, I’m full of energy.
12.Nobody can hear you 　unless　 you speak in a louder voice.
13.You should give your parents a phone call if you go home late,　or　 they will worry about you.
14.He is so clever and I never doubt 　that　 he can work out the problem.
15.He felt much better　than　 before after we became good friends.
16.Alex has studied tea culture 　since　 he came to China in 2010.
17.It’s spring now.The flowers are blooming, 　and　 the birds are singing.
思维·考点突破
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并列复合句
并列连词(词组) 用法 例句
表并列、顺承、递进关系 and “和;同;与”, 表并列、递进或顺承关系 The film seems interesting and we all want to see it. 这部电影好像很有趣, 我们都想去看。
用于“祈使句, and+陈述句”句型 Work hard, and you’ll have a big success. 努力工作, 你将会取得巨大成功。
并列连词(词组) 用法 例句
表并列、顺承、递进关系 not only... but also... “不仅……而且……”,表递进 Playing computer games
not only takes much time but also is harmful to health. 玩电脑游戏不仅耗费时间, 而且对身体有害。
neither... nor... “既不……也不……” He neither wants to go skiing, nor go sightseeing. 他既不想去滑雪也不想去观光。
并列连词(词组) 用法 例句
表转折或对比关系 but “但是” I lent some money to him last year, but he didn’t return it. 去年我借了一些钱给他, 但他没还。
while “然而” I like running while my brother likes swimming. 我喜欢跑步, 而我的弟弟喜欢游泳。
yet “但是, 然而” The room is small, yet it is very clean.
这个房间很小, 然而非常干净。
however “然而” She hopes to become a writer. However, her father expects her to be a musician. 她希望成为一名作家, 然而, 她的父亲期望她成为一名音乐家。
并列连词(词组) 用法 例句
表因果关系 so “所以, 因此” His novel is very popular, so it was sold out quickly. 他的小说很受欢迎, 所以很快卖光了。
for “因为” I felt very tired, for I kept walking for two hours. 我觉得太累了, 因为我一直走了两个小时。
表选择关系 or “或者” You can sing or dance in the party. 在晚会上, 你可以唱歌或跳舞。
“否则” Pay attention to class, or you won’t succeed in the exams. 认真听课, 否则你在考试中就不会成功。
either... or... “或者……
或者……” Either we go by train or we rent a car. 我们要么坐火车去, 要么租一辆车去。
盲填
1.Hurry up,　or　 we will miss the beginning of the concert.
2.The task is difficult　but　 we are determined to complete it on time.
3.The restaurant was full,　so　 we had to look for another place to eat.
4.—Work hard, 　and　 you’ll pass the exam.
—OK.I’ll try my best.
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宾语从句
在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句称为宾语从句。
1.宾语从句三要素:连接词、语序和时态。
连接词 that (本身无意义, 只起连接作用, 口语中可省略) He said (that) Kate was good at swimming. 他说凯特擅长游泳。
连接代词(what, which, who, whose, whom等), 在从句中作主语、宾语、定语 I don’t know what they are going to do. 我不知道他们打算干什么。
连接副词(when, where, why, how)在从句中作状语 Could you tell me where they live 你能告诉我他们住在哪里吗
if/whether不作句子成分, 但不能省略;句尾有or not时,只能用whether He asked if/whether we could go there with him. 他问我们能否和他一起去那里。
语序 必须是陈述句语序, 即:连接词+主语+谓语+其他部分
时
态 主句是现在时, 从句时态由句意及时间状语决定 I want to know where he went just now. 我想知道他刚才去了哪里。
主句是过去时, 从句用相应的过去的某种时态 He said that he was doing his homework at that time. 他说那时他正在做他的家庭作业。
从句表述客观事实、真理和自然现象, 无论主句是什么时态, 从句都用一般现在时 Our teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. 我们的老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
2.疑问词+动词不定式
(1)疑问词与动词不定式连用可用作主语、宾语或表语。如:
When to go to Beijing hasn’t been decided yet. 什么时候去北京还没定下来。(作主语)
I asked him when to leave Beijing. 我问他什么时候离开北京。(作宾语)
My question is how to get there. 我的问题是如何到达那里。(作表语)
(2)“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。如:
Can you tell me where to buy a map of China = Can you tell me where I can buy a map of China 你能告诉我在哪里能买到中国地图吗
3.否定前移
当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think, believe, suppose等时,要将宾语从句的否定词转移到前面的主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定形式,而宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。如:
I don’t think he will come with you. 我认为他不会和你一起来。
盲填
1.(2025·福建中考改编)—Could you tell me 　when　we will do volunteer work in the community
—This Sunday morning.
2.(2025·江苏连云港中考改编)—Could you help me plan a day out in Lianyungang
—You can try Donghai Crystal(水晶) Museum.There you can learn 　how　crystal is formed.
3.—I wonder　why　 you always give away your clothes to the community.
—I hope they can come to the poor area where people need them.
4.—Hi,Tony! Do you know 　where　 I can get a cup of coffee
—Yes,there is a coffee shop at the corner of the street.
5.—Dennis, can you tell me 　what　 makes you a big fan of Chinese culture
—Those beautiful poems by Li Bai.
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状语从句
在复合句中充当状语的句子叫状语从句。根据状语从句所表达的意思可将其分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、条件、让步、目的状语从句等。
1.状语从句分类
类型 从属连词 例句
时间状语从句 when,while,
as,since,before She was cooking while I was watching TV. 我在看电视时,她在做饭。
地点状语从句 where, wherever We went to the park where we used to play as children. 我们去了小时候玩的那个公园。
类型 从属连词 例句
方式状语从句 as, as if/
though When you eat western food, do as Westerners do. 当你吃西餐时, 按照西方人的习惯用餐。
原因状语从句 because, since, as I stayed at home because it was raining. 我待在家里是因为下雨了。
结果状语从句 so/such... that... It is so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it. 这是一本如此有趣的书,我们都喜欢读。
类型 从属连词 例句
条件状语从句 if, unless, as long as You will pass the exam as long as you work hard. 只要你努力学习, 你将会通过考试。
让步状语从句 though, although,
even though/if My teacher is very nice although she is strict with us. 我的老师很好, 尽管她对我们很严格。
目的状语从句 so that/in order that Remember to speak up so that everyone can hear you. 记得大点声说话让大家都能听到。
2.状语从句的时态
在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中, 主句和从句一般有以下两种时态:
(1)“主将从现”:主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。如:
I will go swimming as soon as I finish my homework. 我一完成作业就去游泳。
(2)“主祈/情从现”:若主句是祈使句, 或主句中有情态动词, 从句用一般现在时表示将来。如:
Please let me know if he comes back. 如果他回来,请告知我。
If you feel hungry, you should eat something. 如果你饿了,你该吃点东西。
选词填空
since　although　until　that　if　because
1.(2025·黑龙江绥化中考改编)Nowadays more and more people take exercise every day so 　that　 they can have healthier bodies.
2.　Although　 David failed his math exam, he didn’t lose heart and worked even harder.
3.The gold mask in Sanxingdui remained unknown 　until　 scientists discovered it.
since　although　until　that　if　because
4.　If　 you come to Shanghai for a visit, please call me.I will show you around.
5.It is said that people who like laughing are luckier　because　 smiles bring more chances.
6.He has been interested in biology 　since　 he was a child.
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关系从句(定语从句)
用来修饰名词或代词, 起到补充说明作用的从句叫作关系从句(定语从句)。关系从句(定语从句)通常由关系代词(who,whom,whose,which,that)或关系副词(when,where,why)引导, 置于它修饰的名词或代词之后, 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
1.关系从句的关系词
类型 关系词 所修饰的先行词 在从句中所作的成分
关系
代词 who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人、物 主语、宾语
whose 人、物 定语
关系
副词 when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词(抽象地点) 地点状语
why 原因名词(reason) 原因状语
2.关系词只能用that的情况
(1)当先行词被the only,the very,the last等词修饰时, 如:
He is the only person that was present at the meeting. 他是唯一出席会议的人。
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时, 或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时, 如:
This is the best film that has been shown this year. 这是今年上映的最好的电影。
(3)先行词为all,little,few,any,much,anything,everything等不定代词时, 如:
There is something that I want to buy. 我想去买一些东西。
(4)先行词既有人又有物时, 如:
The villagers have saved the horse and its rider that fell into the river. 村民救了落水的马和主人。
(5)当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时, 如:
Which is the book that you like best 你最喜欢的是哪一本书
3.关系词只能用which的情况
(1)关系词前有介词时, 如:
The world in which we live is so beautiful. 我们生活的这个世界是如此的美丽。
(2)先行词本身为that/those时,为了避免重复,只能用which,如:
What’s that which was put in the basket 放在篮子里的那是什么
(3)非限制性定语从句中只能用which, 如:
She became a homeless woman overnight, which makes me so sad. 她一夜之间变成了一个无家可归的人, 这使我如此难过。
盲填
1.(2025·四川遂宁中考改编)—What kinds of after-school activities do you like
—I like those activities 　which/that　 are about P.E.and art.
2.Mrs.Wang is an English teacher 　who/that　 makes her class lively.
3.This is the most interesting book 　that　 I have ever read.
4.They talked about the people and things 　that　 they remembered in school.
5.I will never forget the place 　where　 I have lived for five years.
诊断·语法过关
一、盲填
1.(2025·黑龙江中考改编)The high-technology clothes 　that/which　 the players wore helped them perform better in the 9th Asian Winter Games.
2.I don’t know 　if　 my dream has already come true.
3.The educational program tries to show the things 　that/which　 are important in life.
4.It is such a beautiful garden 　that　 we like to play in it.
5.—Would you please give this newly-published novel to Jack
—Certainly, as soon 　as　 he comes back.
6.The person 　who/that　 has made mistakes can learn more from them.
7.—Excuse me, could you tell me 　how　 I can get to the bookstore
—Just go down the street and turn left at the first crossing.
8.I love my dog, Coffee,　though/although　 he often makes a mess at home.
9.—I don’t want to move to other city.I’m going to miss my friends.
—But we have to,　because　 your father’s changed his job.
10.—I wonder 　what　 makes you so excited.
—Our team won first place.
二、语篇填空(语法综合练)
(2025·河南南阳西峡一模)
make　ask　further　decide　however that　to　successful　he　difficulty
Qian Xuesen was an amazing scientist.Born in 1911 in Shanghai, he studied very hard and entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University.However, after seeing China’s weakness in the war, Qian made a 1.　decision　 to focus on aviation(航空) to protect our country.
make　ask　further　decide　however that　to　successful　he　difficulty
So in 1935, he went to the US for 2.　further　 study.There, he became a pioneer in jet(喷气式飞机) and rocket technology.He even helped start the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.In 1955, he returned 3.　to　 China.Back in China, he faced many 4.　difficulties　 as the country was poor and lacked advanced technology(缺乏先进技术) in aerospace.When he was 5.　asked　 “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles(导弹) ”, his reply was “Why not We Chinese are able to make the same things 6.　that　 other people can make.” With his responsibility and wisdom, he helped the team 7.　make　 China’s first
make　ask　further　decide　however that　to　successful　he　difficulty
missile and rocket.Thanks to him, in 1970,China’s first man-made satellite, Dong Fang Hong Ⅰ, was launched 8.　successfully　.That’s why he is called “the father of China’s aerospace”.
In 9.　his　 free time, he loved reading and he was really knowledgeable, especially in the area of science research.10.　However　, what might also have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing.On October 31st, 2009, the whole country was saddened by Qian’s death.We should remember and respect his great achievements forever. (共30张PPT)
专题七　连词
选词填空
than　though　unless　once　since　as
1.(2025·黑龙江中考改编)I went to Mount Huangshan.　Once　 you climb Mount Huangshan, you needn’t go to see any other mountain.
2.(2025·江苏扬州中考改编)The wind power of our country develops more quickly 　as　 we push for green energy.
3.Li Wei hasn’t been back to his hometown 　since　 he left 5 years ago.
4.My English teacher is more patient 　than　 anyone else, so we all like her.
than　though　unless　once　since　as
5.I often go to school by bike 　unless　 it is raining heavily.
6.Your parents love you very much, 　though　 they seldom say, “I love you.”
盲填
7.(2025·甘肃白银中考改编)Turn the heat down 　or　 it’ll burn.
8.(2025·江苏扬州中考改编)　Neither　 the whole of this article nor any part of it will be published unless the writer agrees.
9.(2025·黑龙江中考改编)“I love you”—three warm words.They’re hard to say 　but　 mean so much.
10.(2025·福建中考改编)—Have a safe trip to Hangzhou, my dear!
—OK, Dad.I’ll give you a call as soon 　as　 I arrive there.
11.(2025·安徽中考改编)Come on! You’ll discover a new side of yourself 　when/if　 you get through all the difficulties.
12.I’ll either return to the classroom 　or　 go to the library.
思维·考点突破
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并列连词
连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子的连词叫作并列连词。
类型 连词 用法 例句
并列
关系 and “和”, 常用于肯定句, 表示并列、递进或顺承关系 Do it slowly and carefully.要慢慢仔细地做。
or “和”, 常用于否定句 He doesn’t like dumplings or noodles. 他不喜欢水饺和面条。
类型 连词 用法 例句
并列
关系 both...
and... “两者都, 既……又……”, 连接主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式 Both you and I are students. 我和你都是学生。
not only...
but also... “不但……而且……”, 连接主语时, 谓语动词遵循就近原则 Not only she but also I like swimming. 不仅是她, 我也喜欢游泳。
neither...
nor... “既不……也不……”, 连接主语时, 谓语动词遵循就近原则 We should neither eat food nor speak loudly in the museum. 在博物馆里我们既不能吃东西,也不能大声喧哗。
类型 连词 用法 例句
选择
关系 or “或者”, 表示选择 Is your friend English or American 你的朋友是英国人还是美国人
either...
or ... “或者……或者……, 要么……要么……”, 连接主语时, 谓语动词遵循就近原则 Either you or he is wrong. 要么你错了,要么他错了。
类型 连词 用法 例句
转折
关系 but “但是”, 表示转折关系(不能与although/though连用) Tom got up early, but he failed to catch the train. 汤姆起得很早, 但是他没有赶上火车。
while “然而”, 表示前后意义的对比关系 I like reading books while he likes listening to music. 我喜欢读书, 而他喜欢听音乐。
yet “然而”, 表示转折关系 She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time. 她说她将会迟到, 然而她按时到达了。
how-
ever “然而, 但是”, 表示转折关
系, 通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开 Mary worked hard. However, she didn’t pass the exam. 玛丽努力学习。然而, 她没有通过考试。
类型 连词 用法 例句
因果
关系 so “因此, 所以”, 表示结果, 连接并列句 He hurt his leg, so he couldn’t play football. 他伤了腿, 所以他不能踢足球了。
for “因为, 由于”, 表示原因, 连接并列句 He is not at school today, for he has a cold. 今天他不在学校, 因为他感冒了。
选词填空
or　but　so
1.(2025·天津中考改编)It’s raining outside.Take an umbrella, 　or　 you will get wet.
2.(2025·云南中考改编)Fast food tastes delicious.　But　 eating it too often is bad for your health.
3.He forgot to set his alarm,　so　 he overslept and missed the early bus.
盲填
4.(2025·黑龙江中考改编)We can 　either　 go to the movies or go shopping this evening.We don’t have enough time to do both.
5.—I saw Tom’s father buy lots of books yesterday.
—That’s not strange.　Both　 Tom and his father enjoy reading.
6.He speaks neither French 　nor　 German.He only knows English.
7.Not only does she tell me her plan, but she 　also　 explains it in detail.
考点1
考点2
从属连词
用来引导名词性从句和状语从句的连词叫作从属连词。
类型 引导词 用法/含义 例句
引导
名词
性从
句 that 只起连接作用, 不作句子成分;在句中没有实际意义;在宾语从句中通常可以省略 I think (that)
he is right. 我认为他是对的。
whether 引导主语从句 Whether he will come or not is unknown. 他来不来还不知道。
类型 引导词 用法/含义 例句
引导
状语
从句 时间
状语
从句 when/while/as 当……时 I was sleeping when she came in. 当她进来时, 我正在睡觉。
after 在……之后
before 在……之前
as soon as 一……就……
until 直到……为止
since 自从……以来
whenever 无论何时
ever since 自从
地点
状语
从句 where 在哪里 You should tell your parents wherever you go. 无论你去哪里, 你都应该告诉你父母。
wherever 无论何地
类型 引导词 用法/含义 例句
引导
状语
从句 原因
状语
从句 because 因为 I was late for school this
morning because I stayed up late last night. 因为昨天晚上我睡得晚, 今天早晨我迟到了。
as/since 因为, 既然
比较
状语
从句 than 比 I am as tall as you. 我和你一样高。
as...as... 和……一样……
not as/so...as... 不如……
那么……
类型 引导词 用法/含义 例句
引导
状语
从句 让步
状语
从句 although/
though 虽然, 尽管 Although it is hard, we must do it well. 尽管它是困难的, 但是我们必须把它做好。
even if/though 虽然,即使
条件
状语
从句 if 如果 We will stay at home tomorrow if it is rainy. 如果明天下雨, 我们将待在家里。
unless 除非, 如果不
as long as 只要
方式
状语
从句 as 按……的方式,如同 We did it as he told us. 我们按照他告诉我们的去做。
as if/though 好像, 仿佛
类型 引导词 用法/含义 例句
引导
状语
从句 目的
状语
从句 in order that 目的是……/为了…… I saved money in order that I can buy a new car. 我存钱是为了能买一辆新车。
so that 以便;为了
结果
状语
从句 so...that... 如此……以至于…… It was so cold that we don’t want to go outside. 太冷了, 以至于我们不想出去。
such... that... 如此……以至于……
选词填空
though　since　whenever　while　whether
1.(2025·江西中考改编)Students can learn something about history 　whenever　 they go to the Marquis of Haihun’s Tomb(海昏侯墓) in Nanchang.
2.(2025·江苏连云港中考改编)　Since　 over 400 million adults are too heavy, China has made a plan to help its people with weight control.
3.Before you ask someone for help, find out 　whether　 he is the right person for your problem.
though　since　whenever　while　whether
4.The actor was happy that he got a part in a movie,　though　 the part was a small one.
5.My hobby is swimming 　while　 my brother likes reading best.
盲填
6.You will still miss the flight even　if/though　 you take a taxi.
7.Friends are like books.You don’t need a lot of them as 　long　 as they are good.
8.I have been cleaning my house 　since　 I got up.Now I want to have a rest.
9.The teacher was about to speak 　when　 she saw a stranger sitting at the back of the classroom.
10.He raised his voice in order 　that　 everyone could hear him.
诊断·语法过关
一、用适当的连词填空
1.I’m practicing using them and I am getting more 　and　 more skillful now.
2.The words “Araceli”,“kayak” and “level” are the same 　as　 they are read left to right or right to left.
3.　Though/Although　 he isn’t rich, he always helps the poor people.
4.We’ll succeed as long 　as　 we keep working hard together.
5.I won’t believe you 　unless/until　 you show me more evidence(证据).
6.She is always calm,　whether　 she faces success or failure.
7.Our English teacher is very patient.She always explains again and again 　until/till　 we understand.
8.—Why didn’t you answer the phone when I called
—　Because　 I was taking a bath at that time.
9.Not only do I work hard at school, 　but　 I also help with housework at home.
10.She isn’t sad 　or　 ill.She is just too tired.
二、语篇填空(连词专项练)
A
(2025·新疆中考改编)
though　or　but　that　so as　and　if　when　after
It was a Saturday morning.My father 1.　and　 I walked in a park.
2.　When　I saw some people shooting arrows(箭) on the square, I decided to have a try.
A girl of my age was having her second try.She picked up an arrow and shot it.3.　But　it missed the target(靶子)! She tried a third time, and failed again.4.　So　 she just gave up and walked away.
though　or　but　that　so as　and　if　when　after
Then it was my turn to shoot.I fixed my eyes on the target.With all of my efforts, I shot the arrow.It missed! I shot three more arrows.I failed them all.I was so upset 5.　that　 I wanted to leave.
My father encouraged me to take one more shot.I held my breath, stared at the target and shot the arrow.6.　Though　 I missed the target again, I got closer to it.7.　After　 I tried for another 3 times, I finally made it! “See, son.Nobody is born to do well in everything.Don’t give up,8.　or　 you can never know what you can achieve,” said my father.
though　or　but　that　so as　and　if　when　after
From this experience, I realize that challenges in life are not as difficult 9.　as　they seem to be.10.　If　we focus on them, learn from failure(失败), and keep trying, we can succeed in the end.
B
(2025·天津中考改编)
Football is liked by lots of people in many parts of the world.Not only do children in Europe, Asia, and South America spend much time playing football, 11.　but　 they also attend important football matches.We can say 12.　that　 this sport is a source of national pride for many of them.
Why is football so popular One of the reasons is its simple rules.Both players 13.　and　 spectators(观众) can easily understand the rules.Also, you only need a ball and a field to play football.What’s more, football brings people together.People can make friends when they are playing football.
Even 14.　if/though　 a ball is all you really need, balls have changed over the years.Early footballs in ancient China were made of leather(皮革) with hair in them.A rubber ball was invented in 1855.It was similar to the kind 15.　which/that　 we use today. (共25张PPT)
专题一　名词
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.All of a sudden, Zach heard a 　boy’s　 (boy) voice—“Are you moving in ”
2.The Red Flag Canal was started to build in the 1960s.The whole project took ten 　years　 (year) to complete.It was really hard work.
3.One of the easiest 　ways　 (way) to stop the spread of illness is to wash your hands frequently.
4.The museum is very interesting to 　visitors　 (visit) who are interested in the nation’s written history.
5.At the concert, those 　musicians’　 (music) skills impressed the little boy so much.
6.President Xi said, “The people are the creators of history; they are true 　heroes　 (hero).”
7.To improve the 　education　 (educate) in the countryside, the country sends many teachers there every year.
8.　Tickets　 (ticket) for Friday Sorry, we’ve got none left.How about Saturday
9.We’ve run into 　difficulties　 (difficulty) with the new project.
思维·考点突破
考点1
考点2
名词的数
名词是表示人或事物名称的词, 可分为可数名词[C]和不可数名词[U]。
可数名词能以数目来计算, 可以分成个体, 前面既可用不定冠词a/an修饰, 也可用定冠词the修饰;可数名词可分为单数和复数, 且可数名词变复数有规则变化和不规则变化。
不可数名词通常指以量计算或作为整体的事物, 无单复数之分, 其前不能用不定冠词a/an或表示具体数量的数词修饰, 但可用定冠词the修饰。
1.可数名词变复数的规则变化
变化规则 例词
一般情况下 在词尾加-s desk→desks　
chance→chances
以“元音字母加y”结尾的名词 key→keys　toy→toys
以“元音字母加o”结尾的名词 video→videos　
zoo→zoos
以-f/-fe结尾的部分名词 roof→roofs
giraffe→giraffes
通常“以辅音字母加o”结尾的无生命的名词 photo→photos
piano→pianos
变化规则 例词
以-s、-x、-sh、-ch结尾的名词 在词尾加-s bus→buses
box→boxes
brush→brushes
church→churches
通常以“辅音字母加o”结尾的有生命的名词 hero→heroes
potato→potatoes
以“辅音字母加y”结尾的名词 把y变成i, 再加-es lady→ladies
baby→babies
以-f/-fe结尾的部分名词 把f/fe变成v, 再加-es leaf→leaves
wife→wives
名词变复数
(1)以-f结尾的名词变复数加-s的单词:
gulf　roof　chief　belief　proof　handkerchief
海湾边,屋顶上,首领来相望,谁说他们无信仰,证据写在手帕上。
(2)以-f/-fe结尾的名词变复数,把f/fe变成v, 再加-es的单词:
leaf　half　self　wife　knife　shelf　wolf　thief
树叶半数自己黄,妻子拿刀去割粮,架后窜出一只狼, 就像小偷逃命忙。
(3)以-o 结尾的名词变复数加-es的单词:
Negro　hero　potato　tomato
黑人英雄吃土豆和西红柿。
2.可数名词变复数的不规则变化
变化规则 例词
单复数同形 sheep→sheep　 deer→deer
改变名词内部的元音字母 tooth→teeth　 man→men
表示某国人的名词, 中日不变英美变, 其余s加后面 Chinese→Chinese
Englishman→Englishmen
American→Americans
其他形式 child→children
mouse→mice
3.名词修饰词
只修饰可数名词复数 只修饰不可数名词 既可修饰可数名词复数又可修饰不可数名词
many, few,
a few,
a number of等 数词/冠词+量词+of+不可数名词, 如:a glass of water some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等
much, little, a little, a bit of, a large/small amount of等
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.(2025·甘肃白银中考改编)Qian Xuesen, father of China’s space program, is one of the greatest 　scientists　 (science) in the world.
2.During a meal in the West, people use 　knives　 (knife) and forks most of the time.
3.Bees and　butterflies　 (butterfly) are attracted by the beautiful flowers in the garden.
4.Most of the teachers in our school are 　women　 (woman) teachers.
5.I always wear a pair of 　glasses　 (glass) to protect my eyes in the sun.
6.Amy has a lovely dog and she likes taking 　photos　 (photo) of it.
7.She screamed when she saw two 　mice　 (mouse) running across the kitchen floor.
8.We prepared a special performance to celebrate 　Children’s　 (child) Day last week.
9.These whales are 43 　feet　 (foot) long, 50 to 70 tons.
考点1
考点2
名词所有格
【思维导学】
用括号内所给单词或短语的适当形式填空
1.(2025·黑龙江绥化中考改编)They all think my eyes look bigger than my　brother’s　 (brother).
2.　Father’s　 (Father) Day falls on the third Sunday in June.
3.It’s about two 　hours’　 (hour) bus ride from my home to the airport.
4.—A boy is flying a kite over there.Who is he
—He is 　Lucy and Lily’s　 (Lucy and Lily) brother.
5.This 　scientist’s　 (scientist) words help the young learn many secrets of the ocean.
6.On 　Teachers’　 (teacher) Day, students usually give flowers or cards to their favorite teachers.
7.Sally is a friend of my 　mother’s/mother　 (mother).
8.I’ll have my eyes examined at the 　doctor’s　 (doctor).
诊断·语法过关
一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.(2025·四川达州中考改编)—Who left a notebook in the English club
—It’s not 　mine　 (I).Maybe it’s 　Jack’s　 (Jack).
2.Wu Daozi was one of the greatest Chinese 　artists　 (artist).
3.Look! There are some 　sheep　 (sheep) on the hill.
4.Of all the 　seasons　 (season), I love spring best because it is a symbol of life.
5.With the development of our motherland,　foreigners　 (foreigner) begin to learn more about China.
6.We offered to look after our 　neighbor’s　 (neighbor) dog when she was away.
7.The app helps students improve their 　pronunciation　 (pronounce) by comparing their voices with the native speakers’.
8.The 　differences　 (different) between the city and the country lifestyles are becoming less obvious these days.
二、语篇填空(名词专项练)
(2025·福建中考改编)
museum　uncle　robot　space　show knowledge　day　story　reason　eye
Mary’s uncle Ted was an engineer.He told her great 1.　stories　 about the rockets he helped design, and he often brought Mary science books.He also taught her some 2.　knowledge　 about space.Mary loved technology and science, and she was also adventurous(爱冒险的).For those 3.　reasons　, Mary’s family kept telling her she should be an astronaut when she grew up, but she just wasn’t sure.
museum　uncle　robot　space　show knowledge　day　story　reason　eye
One Saturday, Mary and Uncle Ted went to visit the Science 4. Museum . They watched a 5.　show　 on space travel.Uncle Ted told her something interesting about spaceships and space suits.But she was most interested in two model 6.　robot　 arms and tried operating(操作) them.She stayed there all
7.　day　 and felt very excited.
By the time they got on the bus to return home, Mary was very tired.Closing her eyes, she was thinking about what it would be like to fly into 8.　space　. As she nearly fell asleep, Mary started to feel the weightlessness. Mary was operating a huge robot arm outside the spaceship.
museum　uncle　robot　space　show knowledge　day　story　reason　eye
Just then, Mary heard her 9.　uncle’s　 voice.“Wake up, my dear! We’re back home now.” When she opened her 10.　eyes　, she realized she had been dreaming, but she knew this for sure—she wanted to be an astronaut one day and couldn’t wait for her first trip into space.

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